1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 6.16, 8.5, 33.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tested • God, tests and chastises • Testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 277, 285; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 75, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 134, 136, 138, 149, 150; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 241
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6.16 לֹא תְנַסּוּ אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר נִסִּיתֶם בַּמַּסָּה׃
8.5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם־לְבָבֶךָ כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר יְיַסֵּר אִישׁ אֶת־בְּנוֹ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מְיַסְּרֶךָּ׃
33.8 וּלְלֵוִי אָמַר תֻּמֶּיךָ וְאוּרֶיךָ לְאִישׁ חֲסִידֶךָ אֲשֶׁר נִסִּיתוֹ בְּמַסָּה תְּרִיבֵהוּ עַל־מֵי מְרִיבָה׃'' None | sup>
6.16 Ye shall not try the LORD your God, as ye tried Him in Massah.
8.5 And thou shalt consider in thy heart, that, as a man chasteneth his son, so the LORD thy God chasteneth thee.
33.8 And of Levi he said: Thy Thummim and Thy Urim be with Thy holy one, Whom Thou didst prove at Massah, With whom Thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;'' None |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 16.4, 17.1-17.7, 20.20 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tested • God, tests and chastises • Testing • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 187; Gera (2014), Judith, 277, 286, 291; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 26, 28, 97, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 136, 145, 149; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 241
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16.4 וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר לָכֶם לֶחֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָיִם וְיָצָא הָעָם וְלָקְטוּ דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ לְמַעַן אֲנַסֶּנּוּ הֲיֵלֵךְ בְּתוֹרָתִי אִם־לֹא׃
17.1 וַיִּסְעוּ כָּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּדְבַּר־סִין לְמַסְעֵיהֶם עַל־פִּי יְהוָה וַיַּחֲנוּ בִּרְפִידִים וְאֵין מַיִם לִשְׁתֹּת הָעָם׃
17.1 וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר־לוֹ מֹשֶׁה לְהִלָּחֵם בַּעֲמָלֵק וּמֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן וְחוּר עָלוּ רֹאשׁ הַגִּבְעָה׃ 17.2 וַיָּרֶב הָעָם עִם־מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמְרוּ תְּנוּ־לָנוּ מַיִם וְנִשְׁתֶּה וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה מַה־תְּרִיבוּן עִמָּדִי מַה־תְּנַסּוּן אֶת־יְהוָה׃ 17.3 וַיִּצְמָא שָׁם הָעָם לַמַּיִם וַיָּלֶן הָעָם עַל־מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמֶר לָמָּה זֶּה הֶעֱלִיתָנוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם לְהָמִית אֹתִי וְאֶת־בָּנַי וְאֶת־מִקְנַי בַּצָּמָא׃ 17.4 וַיִּצְעַק מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהוָה לֵאמֹר מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לָעָם הַזֶּה עוֹד מְעַט וּסְקָלֻנִי׃ 17.5 וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה עֲבֹר לִפְנֵי הָעָם וְקַח אִתְּךָ מִזִּקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמַטְּךָ אֲשֶׁר הִכִּיתָ בּוֹ אֶת־הַיְאֹר קַח בְּיָדְךָ וְהָלָכְתָּ׃ 17.6 הִנְנִי עֹמֵד לְפָנֶיךָ שָּׁם עַל־הַצּוּר בְּחֹרֵב וְהִכִּיתָ בַצּוּר וְיָצְאוּ מִמֶּנּוּ מַיִם וְשָׁתָה הָעָם וַיַּעַשׂ כֵּן מֹשֶׁה לְעֵינֵי זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 17.7 וַיִּקְרָא שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם מַסָּה וּמְרִיבָה עַל־רִיב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַל נַסֹּתָם אֶת־יְהוָה לֵאמֹר הֲיֵשׁ יְהוָה בְּקִרְבֵּנוּ אִם־אָיִן׃' ' None | sup>
16.4 Then said the LORD unto Moses: ‘Behold, I will cause to rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day’s portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in My law, or not.
17.1 And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, by their stages, according to the commandment of the LORD, and encamped in Rephidim; and there was no water for the people to drink. 17.2 Wherefore the people strove with Moses, and said: ‘Give us water that we may drink.’ And Moses said unto them: ‘Why strive ye with me? wherefore do ye try the LORD?’ 17.3 And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said: ‘Wherefore hast thou brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?’ 17.4 And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying: ‘What shall I do unto this people? they are almost ready to stone me.’ 17.5 And the LORD said unto Moses: ‘Pass on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thy hand, and go. 17.6 Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink.’ And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel. 17.7 And the name of the place was called Massah, and Meribah, because of the striving of the children of Israel, and because they tried the LORD, saying: ‘Is the LORD among us, or not?’
20.20 Ye shall not make with Me—gods of silver, or gods of gold, ye shall not make unto you.' ' None |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 1.26, 3.22, 22.1-22.3, 22.8, 22.12, 22.16 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abraham, test of at Aqedah, omitted by Philo • Abraham, test of faith for • God, as tested • God, tests and chastises • sacrifice of Isaac, as test • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in • tree, prohibition of as test
Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020), Philo of Alexandria: On the Life of Abraham: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, 304; Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 50; Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 84; Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 272, 273; Gera (2014), Judith, 286; Hidary (2017), Rabbis and Classical Rhetoric: Sophistic Education and Oratory in the Talmud and Midrash, 242; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 13, 17, 32, 131
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1.26 וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצַלְמֵנוּ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ וְיִרְדּוּ בִדְגַת הַיָּם וּבְעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבְכָל־הָאָרֶץ וּבְכָל־הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃
3.22 וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה כְּאַחַד מִמֶּנּוּ לָדַעַת טוֹב וָרָע וְעַתָּה פֶּן־יִשְׁלַח יָדוֹ וְלָקַח גַּם מֵעֵץ הַחַיִּים וְאָכַל וָחַי לְעֹלָם׃
22.1 וַיְהִי אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְהָאֱלֹהִים נִסָּה אֶת־אַבְרָהָם וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אַבְרָהָם וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּנִי׃
22.1 וַיִּשְׁלַח אַבְרָהָם אֶת־יָדוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֶת־הַמַּאֲכֶלֶת לִשְׁחֹט אֶת־בְּנוֹ׃ 22.2 וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַיֻּגַּד לְאַבְרָהָם לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה יָלְדָה מִלְכָּה גַם־הִוא בָּנִים לְנָחוֹר אָחִיךָ׃ 22.2 וַיֹּאמֶר קַח־נָא אֶת־בִּנְךָ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ אֲשֶׁר־אָהַבְתָּ אֶת־יִצְחָק וְלֶךְ־לְךָ אֶל־אֶרֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּה וְהַעֲלֵהוּ שָׁם לְעֹלָה עַל אַחַד הֶהָרִים אֲשֶׁר אֹמַר אֵלֶיךָ׃ 22.3 וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם בַּבֹּקֶר וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ אֶת־חֲמֹרוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֶת־שְׁנֵי נְעָרָיו אִתּוֹ וְאֵת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ וַיְבַקַּע עֲצֵי עֹלָה וַיָּקָם וַיֵּלֶךְ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָמַר־לוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים׃
22.8 וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהִים יִרְאֶה־לּוֹ הַשֶּׂה לְעֹלָה בְּנִי וַיֵּלְכוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם יַחְדָּו׃
22.12 וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־תִּשְׁלַח יָדְךָ אֶל־הַנַּעַר וְאַל־תַּעַשׂ לוֹ מְאוּמָּה כִּי עַתָּה יָדַעְתִּי כִּי־יְרֵא אֱלֹהִים אַתָּה וְלֹא חָשַׂכְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ מִמֶּנִּי׃
22.16 וַיֹּאמֶר בִּי נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָה כִּי יַעַן אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה וְלֹא חָשַׂכְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ אֶת־יְחִידֶךָ׃' ' None | sup>
1.26 And God said: ‘Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.’
3.22 And the LORD God said: ‘Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever.’
22.1 And it came to pass after these things, that God did prove Abraham, and said unto him: ‘Abraham’; and he said: ‘Here am I.’ 22.2 And He said: ‘Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest, even Isaac, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt-offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of.’ 22.3 And Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son; and he cleaved the wood for the burnt-offering, and rose up, and went unto the place of which God had told him.
22.8 And Abraham said: ‘God will aprovide Himself the lamb for a burnt-offering, my son.’ So they went both of them together.
22.12 And he said: ‘Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.’
22.16 and said: ‘By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son,' ' None |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Malachi, 3.3 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • testing • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 165; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 75
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3.3 וְיָשַׁב מְצָרֵף וּמְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף וְטִהַר אֶת־בְּנֵי־לֵוִי וְזִקַּק אֹתָם כַּזָּהָב וְכַכָּסֶף וְהָיוּ לַיהוָה מַגִּישֵׁי מִנְחָה בִּצְדָקָה׃'' None | sup>
3.3 And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; and he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver; and there shall be they that shall offer unto the LORD offerings in righteousness.'' None |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 20.1-20.13, 20.24, 27.14 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tests and chastises • Testing • testing • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 187; Gera (2014), Judith, 291; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 97, 102, 118, 121, 125, 126; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 241
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20.1 וַיַּקְהִלוּ מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן אֶת־הַקָּהָל אֶל־פְּנֵי הַסָּלַע וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם שִׁמְעוּ־נָא הַמֹּרִים הֲמִן־הַסֶּלַע הַזֶּה נוֹצִיא לָכֶם מָיִם׃
20.1 וַיָּבֹאוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל כָּל־הָעֵדָה מִדְבַּר־צִן בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן וַיֵּשֶׁב הָעָם בְּקָדֵשׁ וַתָּמָת שָׁם מִרְיָם וַתִּקָּבֵר שָׁם׃ 20.2 וְלֹא־הָיָה מַיִם לָעֵדָה וַיִּקָּהֲלוּ עַל־מֹשֶׁה וְעַל־אַהֲרֹן׃ 20.2 וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא תַעֲבֹר וַיֵּצֵא אֱדוֹם לִקְרָאתוֹ בְּעַם כָּבֵד וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה׃ 20.3 וַיָּרֶב הָעָם עִם־מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמְרוּ לֵאמֹר וְלוּ גָוַעְנוּ בִּגְוַע אַחֵינוּ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה׃ 20.4 וְלָמָה הֲבֵאתֶם אֶת־קְהַל יְהוָה אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר הַזֶּה לָמוּת שָׁם אֲנַחְנוּ וּבְעִירֵנוּ׃ 20.5 וְלָמָה הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם לְהָבִיא אֹתָנוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם הָרָע הַזֶּה לֹא מְקוֹם זֶרַע וּתְאֵנָה וְגֶפֶן וְרִמּוֹן וּמַיִם אַיִן לִשְׁתּוֹת׃ 20.6 וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן מִפְּנֵי הַקָּהָל אֶל־פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וַיִּפְּלוּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם וַיֵּרָא כְבוֹד־יְהוָה אֲלֵיהֶם׃ 20.7 וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר׃ 20.8 קַח אֶת־הַמַּטֶּה וְהַקְהֵל אֶת־הָעֵדָה אַתָּה וְאַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ וְדִבַּרְתֶּם אֶל־הַסֶּלַע לְעֵינֵיהֶם וְנָתַן מֵימָיו וְהוֹצֵאתָ לָהֶם מַיִם מִן־הַסֶּלַע וְהִשְׁקִיתָ אֶת־הָעֵדָה וְאֶת־בְּעִירָם׃ 20.9 וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַמַּטֶּה מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּהוּ׃' 20.11 וַיָּרֶם מֹשֶׁה אֶת־יָדוֹ וַיַּךְ אֶת־הַסֶּלַע בְּמַטֵּהוּ פַּעֲמָיִם וַיֵּצְאוּ מַיִם רַבִּים וַתֵּשְׁתְּ הָעֵדָה וּבְעִירָם׃
20.12 וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן יַעַן לֹא־הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי לְהַקְדִּישֵׁנִי לְעֵינֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָכֵן לֹא תָבִיאוּ אֶת־הַקָּהָל הַזֶּה אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַתִּי לָהֶם׃
20.13 הֵמָּה מֵי מְרִיבָה אֲשֶׁר־רָבוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־יְהוָה וַיִּקָּדֵשׁ בָּם׃
20.24 יֵאָסֵף אַהֲרֹן אֶל־עַמָּיו כִּי לֹא יָבֹא אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל אֲשֶׁר־מְרִיתֶם אֶת־פִּי לְמֵי מְרִיבָה׃
27.14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי בְּמִדְבַּר־צִן בִּמְרִיבַת הָעֵדָה לְהַקְדִּישֵׁנִי בַמַּיִם לְעֵינֵיהֶם הֵם מֵי־מְרִיבַת קָדֵשׁ מִדְבַּר־צִן׃'' None | sup>
20.1 And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, came into the wilderness of Zin in the first month; and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there. 20.2 And there was no water for the congregation; and they assembled themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. 20.3 And the people strove with Moses, and spoke, saying: ‘Would that we had perished when our brethren perished before the LORD! 20.4 And why have ye brought the assembly of the LORD into this wilderness, to die there, we and our cattle? 20.5 And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil place? it is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.’ 20.6 And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tent of meeting, and fell upon their faces; and the glory of the LORD appeared unto them. 20.7 And the LORD spoke unto Moses, saying: 20.8 ’Take the rod, and assemble the congregation, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes, that it give forth its water; and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock; so thou shalt give the congregation and their cattle drink.’ 20.9 And Moses took the rod from before the LORD, as He commanded him.
20.10 And Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said unto them: ‘Hear now, ye rebels; are we to bring you forth water out of this rock?’
20.11 And Moses lifted up his hand, and smote the rock with his rod twice; and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their cattle.
20.12 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron: ‘Because ye believed not in Me, to sanctify Me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this assembly into the land which I have given them.’
20.13 These are the waters of Meribah, where the children of Israel strove with the LORD, and He was sanctified in them.
20.24 ’Aaron shall be gathered unto his people; for he shall not enter into the land which I have given unto the children of Israel, because ye rebelled against My word at the waters of Meribah.
27.14 because ye rebelled against My commandment in the wilderness of Zin, in the strife of the congregation, to sanctify Me at the waters before their eyes.’—These are the waters of Meribath-kadesh in the wilderness of Zin.—' ' None |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 3.11-3.12, 11.4, 17.3, 27.21 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, tests and chastises • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in • testing passim, vocabulary of
Found in books: Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 207; Gera (2014), Judith, 287; Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 124, 165; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 57, 75
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3.11 מוּסַר יְהוָה בְּנִי אַל־תִּמְאָס וְאַל־תָּקֹץ בְּתוֹכַחְתּוֹ׃ 3.12 כִּי אֶת אֲשֶׁר יֶאֱהַב יְהוָה יוֹכִיחַ וּכְאָב אֶת־בֵּן יִרְצֶה׃
11.4 לֹא־יוֹעִיל הוֹן בְּיוֹם עֶבְרָה וּצְדָקָה תַּצִּיל מִמָּוֶת׃
17.3 מַצְרֵף לַכֶּסֶף וְכוּר לַזָּהָב וּבֹחֵן לִבּוֹת יְהוָה׃
27.21 מַצְרֵף לַכֶּסֶף וְכוּר לַזָּהָב וְאִישׁ לְפִי מַהֲלָלוֹ׃'' None | sup>
3.11 My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD, Neither spurn thou His correction; 3.12 For whom the LORD loveth He correcteth, Even as a father the son in whom he delighteth.
11.4 Riches profit not in the day of wrath; But righteousness delivereth from death.
17.3 The refining pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold; But the LORD trieth the hearts. .
27.21 The refining pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold, And a man is tried by his praise.'' None |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 12.7, 17.3, 26.2, 66.10, 78.15-78.16, 81.8, 95.8-95.9, 105.41, 106.32 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abraham, test of faith for • God, as tested • God, tested • God, tests and chastises • Testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in • testing passim, vocabulary of
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 277, 285, 287; Hidary (2017), Rabbis and Classical Rhetoric: Sophistic Education and Oratory in the Talmud and Midrash, 279; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 57, 75, 102, 121, 123, 125, 128, 129, 131; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 241, 267
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12.7 אִמֲרוֹת יְהוָה אֲמָרוֹת טְהֹרוֹת כֶּסֶף צָרוּף בַּעֲלִיל לָאָרֶץ מְזֻקָּק שִׁבְעָתָיִם׃
17.3 בָּחַנְתָּ לִבִּי פָּקַדְתָּ לַּיְלָה צְרַפְתַּנִי בַל־תִּמְצָא זַמֹּתִי בַּל־יַעֲבָר־פִּי׃
26.2 בְּחָנֵנִי יְהוָה וְנַסֵּנִי צרופה צָרְפָה כִלְיוֹתַי וְלִבִּי׃' '78.16 וַיּוֹצִא נוֹזְלִים מִסָּלַע וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֹת מָיִם׃
81.8 בַּצָּרָה קָרָאתָ וָאֲחַלְּצֶךָּ אֶעֶנְךָ בְּסֵתֶר רַעַם אֶבְחָנְךָ עַל־מֵי מְרִיבָה סֶלָה׃
95.8 אַל־תַּקְשׁוּ לְבַבְכֶם כִּמְרִיבָה כְּיוֹם מַסָּה בַּמִּדְבָּר׃ 95.9 אֲשֶׁר נִסּוּנִי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם בְּחָנוּנִי גַּם־רָאוּ פָעֳלִי׃
105.41 פָּתַח צוּר וַיָּזוּבוּ מָיִם הָלְכוּ בַּצִּיּוֹת נָהָר׃
106.32 וַיַּקְצִיפוּ עַל־מֵי מְרִיבָה וַיֵּרַע לְמֹשֶׁה בַּעֲבוּרָם׃'' None | sup>
12.7 The words of the LORD are pure words, As silver tried in a crucible on the earth, refined seven times.
17.3 Thou hast tried my heart, Thou hast visited it in the night; Thou hast tested me, and Thou findest not That I had a thought which should not pass my mouth.
26.2 Examine me, O LORD, and try me; test my reins and my heart.
66.10 For Thou, O God, hast tried us; Thou hast refined us, as silver is refined. 78.16 He brought streams also out of the rock, And caused waters to run down like rivers.
81.8 Thou didst call in trouble, and I rescued thee; I answered thee in the secret place of thunder; I proved thee at the waters of Meribah. Selah' "
95.8 'Harden not your heart, as at Meribah, As in the day of Massah in the wilderness;" '95.9 When your fathers tried Me, Proved Me, even though they saw My work.
105.41 He opened the rock, and waters gushed out; They ran, a river in the dry places.
106.32 They angered Him also at the waters of Meribah, And it went ill with Moses because of them;' ' None |
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8. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 7.12, 48.10 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tested • testing • testing and trials • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 277; Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 165; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 75, 123
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7.12 וַיֹּאמֶר אָחָז לֹא־אֶשְׁאַל וְלֹא־אֲנַסֶּה אֶת־יְהוָה׃' ' None | sup>
7.12 But Ahaz said: ‘I will not ask, neither will I try the LORD.’' ' None |
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9. Hebrew Bible, Zechariah, 13.9 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • testing • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 165; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 75
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13.9 וְהֵבֵאתִי אֶת־הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בָּאֵשׁ וּצְרַפְתִּים כִּצְרֹף אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף וּבְחַנְתִּים כִּבְחֹן אֶת־הַזָּהָב הוּא יִקְרָא בִשְׁמִי וַאֲנִי אֶעֱנֶה אֹתוֹ אָמַרְתִּי עַמִּי הוּא וְהוּא יֹאמַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהָי׃'' None | sup>
13.9 And I will bring the third part through the fire, And will refine them as silver is refined, And will try them as gold is tried; They shall call on My name, And I will answer them; I will say: ‘It is My people’, And they shall say: ‘The LORD is my God.’'' None |
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10. Xenophon, Memoirs, 1.1.9 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • omens, testing of • test/testing, of the oracle
Found in books: Bartels (2017), Plato's Pragmatic Project: A Reading of Plato's Laws, 57; Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019), Esther Eidinow, Ancient Divination and Experience, 46
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1.1.9 τοὺς δὲ μηδὲν τῶν τοιούτων οἰομένους εἶναι δαιμόνιον, ἀλλὰ πάντα τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης γνώμης, δαιμονᾶν ἔφη· δαιμονᾶν δὲ καὶ τοὺς μαντευομένους ἃ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἔδωκαν οἱ θεοὶ μαθοῦσι διακρίνειν (οἷον εἴ τις ἐπερωτῴη πότερον ἐπιστάμενον ἡνιοχεῖν ἐπὶ ζεῦγος λαβεῖν κρεῖττον ἢ μὴ ἐπιστάμενον, ἢ πότερον ἐπιστάμενον κυβερνᾶν ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν κρεῖττον λαβεῖν ἢ μὴ ἐπιστάμενον), ἢ ἃ ἔξεστιν ἀριθμήσαντας ἢ μετρήσαντας ἢ στήσαντας εἰδέναι· τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα παρὰ τῶν θεῶν πυνθανομένους ἀθέμιτα ποιεῖν ἡγεῖτο. ἔφη δὲ δεῖν, ἃ μὲν μαθόντας ποιεῖν ἔδωκαν οἱ θεοί, μανθάνειν, ἃ δὲ μὴ δῆλα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐστί, πειρᾶσθαι διὰ μαντικῆς παρὰ τῶν θεῶν πυνθάνεσθαι· τοὺς θεοὺς γὰρ οἷς ἂν ὦσιν ἵλεῳ σημαίνειν.'' None | sup>
1.1.9 If any man thinks that these matters are wholly within the grasp of the human mind and nothing in them is beyond our reason, that man, he said, is irrational. But it is no less irrational to seek the guidance of heaven in matters which men are permitted by the gods to decide for themselves by study: to ask, for instance, Is it better to get an experienced coachman to drive my carriage or a man without experience? Cyropaedia I. vi. 6. Is it better to get an experienced seaman to steer my ship or a man without experience? So too with what we may know by reckoning, measurement or weighing. To put such questions to the gods seemed to his mind profane. In short, what the gods have granted us to do by help of learning, we must learn; what is hidden from mortals we should try to find out from the gods by divination: for to him that is in their grace the gods grant a sign. '' None |
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11. Anon., Jubilees, 17.18, 19.8 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tests and chastises • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers
Found in books: Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 57; Gera (2014), Judith, 286; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 123
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17.18 and his mother took him a wife from among the daughters of Egypt.rAnd she bare him a son, and he called his name Nebaioth; for she said, "The Lord was nigh to me when I called upon him."
19.8 And all the days of the life of Sarah were one hundred and twenty-seven years, that is, two jubilees and four weeks and one year: these are the days of the years of the life of Sarah.'' None |
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12. Anon., Testament of Joseph, 2.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tests and chastises • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, vocabulary of
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 286; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 57, 123
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2.7 For endurance is a mighty charm, And patience giveth many good things.'' None |
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13. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 2.52 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tests and chastises • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 50, 57; Gera (2014), Judith, 284; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 131
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2.52 Was not Abraham found faithful when tested, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness?'' None |
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14. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 2.3-2.6, 2.10-2.12, 2.15, 2.17, 4.11-4.19, 6.7, 7.14, 13.10-13.12, 36.24, 44.20-44.21 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tested • God, tests and chastises • sacrifice of Isaac, as test • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in • testing passim, vocabulary of
Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020), Philo of Alexandria: On the Life of Abraham: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, 304; Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 2, 9, 10, 11, 20, 27, 38, 39, 43, 45, 48, 49, 50, 57, 59, 60, 63, 110, 168, 175, 176, 182, 187, 215, 216, 218; Gera (2014), Judith, 276, 286; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 57, 74, 75, 76, 131, 145; Wilson (2012), The Sentences of Sextus, 393
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2.3 Cleave to him and do not depart,that you may be honored at the end of your life. 2.4 Accept whatever is brought upon you,and in changes that humble you be patient. 2.5 For gold is tested in the fire,and acceptable men in the furnace of humiliation. 2.6 Trust in him, and he will help you;make your ways straight, and hope in him. 2.11 For the Lord is compassionate and merciful;he forgives sins and saves in time of affliction. 2.12 Woe to timid hearts and to slack hands,and to the sinner who walks along two ways!
2.15 Those who fear the Lord will not disobey his words,and those who love him will keep his ways.
2.17 Those who fear the Lord will prepare their hearts,and will humble themselves before him.
4.11 Wisdom exalts her sons and gives help to those who seek her. 4.12 Whoever loves her loves life,and those who seek her early will be filled with joy. 4.13 Whoever holds her fast will obtain glory,and the Lord will bless the place she enters. 4.14 Those who serve her will minister to the Holy One;the Lord loves those who love her. 4.15 He who obeys her will judge the nations,and whoever gives heed to her will dwell secure. 4.16 If he has faith in her he will obtain her;and his descendants will remain in possession of her. 4.17 For at first she will walk with him on tortuous paths,she will bring fear and cowardice upon him,and will torment him by her discipline until she trusts him,and she will test him with her ordices. 4.18 Then she will come straight back to him and gladden him,and will reveal her secrets to him. 4.19 If he goes astray she will forsake him,and hand him over to his ruin.
7.14 Do not prattle in the assembly of the elders,nor repeat yourself in your prayer. 13.11 Do not try to treat him as an equal,nor trust his abundance of words;for he will test you through much talk,and while he smiles he will be examining you. 13.12 Cruel is he who does not keep words to himself;he will not hesitate to injure or to imprison.
36.24 He who acquires a wife gets his best possession,a helper fit for him and a pillar of support. 44.21 Therefore the Lord assured him by an oath that the nations would be blessed through his posterity;that he would multiply him like the dust of the earth,and exalt his posterity like the stars,and cause them to inherit from sea to sea and from the River to the ends of the earth.' ' None |
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15. Septuagint, Judith, 5.10-5.16, 7.20-7.21, 7.30-7.31, 8.12, 8.17-8.18, 8.25-8.27, 13.4, 13.7-13.8, 13.18-13.19 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tested • God, tests and chastises • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 49; Gera (2014), Judith, 105, 204, 274, 276, 277, 278, 281, 284, 286, 291; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 128, 129, 131, 134, 136, 138
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5.10 When a famine spread over Canaan they went down to Egypt and lived there as long as they had food; and there they became a great multitude -- so great that they could not be counted. 5.11 So the king of Egypt became hostile to them; he took advantage of them and set them to making bricks, and humbled them and made slaves of them. 5.12 Then they cried out to their God, and he afflicted the whole land of Egypt with incurable plagues; and so the Egyptians drove them out of their sight. 5.13 Then God dried up the Red Sea before them, 5.14 and he led them by the way of Sinai and Kadesh-barnea, and drove out all the people of the wilderness. 5.15 So they lived in the land of the Amorites, and by their might destroyed all the inhabitants of Heshbon; and crossing over the Jordan they took possession of all the hill country. 5.16 And they drove out before them the Canaanites and the Perizzites and the Jebusites and the Shechemites and all the Gergesites, and lived there a long time.
7.20 The whole Assyrian army, their infantry, chariots, and cavalry, surrounded them for thirty-four days, until all the vessels of water belonging to every inhabitant of Bethulia were empty; 7.21 their cisterns were going dry, and they did not have enough water to drink their fill for a single day, because it was measured out to them to drink.
7.30 And Uzziah said to them, "Have courage, my brothers! Let us hold out for five more days; by that time the Lord our God will restore to us his mercy, for he will not forsake us utterly. 7.31 But if these days pass by, and no help comes for us, I will do what you say."
8.12 Who are you, that have put God to the test this day, and are setting yourselves up in the place of God among the sons of men?
8.17 Therefore, while we wait for his deliverance, let us call upon him to help us, and he will hear our voice, if it pleases him. 8.18 "For never in our generation, nor in these present days, has there been any tribe or family or people or city of ours which worshiped gods made with hands, as was done in days gone by --
8.25 In spite of everything let us give thanks to the Lord our God, who is putting us to the test as he did our forefathers. ' "8.26 Remember what he did with Abraham, and how he tested Isaac, and what happened to Jacob in Mesopotamia in Syria, while he was keeping the sheep of Laban, his mother's brother. " '8.27 For he has not tried us with fire, as he did them, to search their hearts, nor has he taken revenge upon us; but the Lord scourges those who draw near to him, in order to admonish them."
13.4 So every one went out, and no one, either small or great, was left in the bedchamber. Then Judith, standing beside his bed, said in her heart, "O Lord God of all might, look in this hour upon the work of my hands for the exaltation of Jerusalem.
13.7 She came close to his bed and took hold of the hair of his head, and said, "Give me strength this day, O Lord God of Israel!" 13.8 And she struck his neck twice with all her might, and severed it from his body.
13.18 And Uzziah said to her, "O daughter, you are blessed by the Most High God above all women on earth; and blessed be the Lord God, who created the heavens and the earth, who has guided you to strike the head of the leader of our enemies. 13.19 Your hope will never depart from the hearts of men, as they remember the power of God. '' None |
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16. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 2.6, 2.10-2.13, 2.15, 2.17, 3.1-3.7, 4.11-4.12, 10.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • God, tests and chastises • sacrifice of Isaac, as test • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in • testing passim, vocabulary of
Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020), Philo of Alexandria: On the Life of Abraham: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, 304; Gera (2014), Judith, 284, 285; Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 124, 165; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 57, 74, 75, 76, 123, 131
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2.6 "Come, therefore, let us enjoy the good things that exist,and make use of the creation to the full as in youth.
2.6 The sons and the daughters were in grievous captivity, Sealed (?) (was) their neck, branded (?) (was it) among the nations.
2.10 And the heavens were angry, And the earth abhorred them;
2.10 Let us oppress the righteous poor man;let us not spare the widow nor regard the gray hairs of the aged." 2.11 But let our might be our law of right,for what is weak proves itself to be useless. 2.11 For no man upon it had done what they did, 2.12 And the earth recognized all Thy righteous judgements, O God. 2.12 "Let us lie in wait for the righteous man,because he is inconvenient to us and opposes our actions;he reproaches us for sins against the law,and accuses us of sins against our training. 2.13 They set the sons of Jerusalem to be mocked at in return for (the) harlots in her; Every wayfarer entered in in the full light of day. 2.13 He professes to have knowledge of God,and calls himself a child of the Lord.
2.15 Because they had defiled themselves with unnatural intercourse. I am pained in my bowels and my inward parts for these things. (And yet) I will justify Thee, O God, in uprightness of heart, For in Thy judgements is Thy righteousness (displayed), O God.
2.15 the very sight of him is a burden to us,because his manner of life is unlike that of others,and his ways are strange.
2.17 For Thou hast rendered to the sinners according to their deeds, Yea according to their sins, which were very wicked.
2.17 Let us see if his words are true,and let us test what will happen at the end of his life;
3.1 But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God,and no torment will ever touch them.
3.1 Why sleepest thou, O my soul, And blessest not the Lord? 3.2 In the eyes of the foolish they seemed to have died,and their departure was thought to be an affliction, 3.2 Sing a new song, Unto God who is worthy to be praised. Sing and be wakeful against His awaking, For good is a psalm (sung) to God from a glad heart. 3.3 The righteous remember the Lord at all times, With thanksgiving and declaration of the righteousness of the Lord’s judgement 3.3 and their going from us to be their destruction;but they are at peace." 3.4 For though in the sight of men they were punished,their hope is full of immortality. 3.4 The righteous despiseth not the chastening of the Lord; His will is always before the Lord. 3.5 Having been disciplined a little, they will receive great good,because God tested them and found them worthy of himself; 3.5 The righteous stumbleth and holdeth the Lord righteous: He falleth and looketh out for what God will do to him; 3.6 He seeketh out whence his deliverance will come. 3.6 like gold in the furnace he tried them,and like a sacrificial burnt offering he accepted them. 3.7 The steadfastness of the righteous is from God their deliverer; There lodgeth not in the house of the righteous sin upon sin. 3.7 In the time of their visitation they will shine forth,and will run like sparks through the stubble.
4.11 And their eyes (are fixed) upon any man’s house that is (still) secure, That they may, like (the) Serpent, destroy the wisdom of… with words of transgressors,
4.11 He was caught up lest evil change his understanding or guile deceive his soul." 4.12 His words are deceitful that (he) may accomplish (his) wicked desire. 4.12 For the fascination of wickedness obscures what is good,and roving desire perverts the innocent mind.
10.5 For the testimony (is) in the law of the eternal covet, The testimony of the Lord (is) on the ways of men in (His) visitation.
10.5 Wisdom also, when the nations in wicked agreement had been confounded,recognized the righteous man and preserved him blameless before God,and kept him strong in the face of his compassion for his child.'' None |
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17. Philo of Alexandria, On The Life of Abraham, 169-170, 175 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abraham, test of at Aqedah, omitted by Philo • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, roles in
Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 272, 273; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 8
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169 To him, then, being conscious of such a disposition, an oracular command suddenly comes, which was never expected, ordering him to sacrifice this son on a certain very lofty hill, distant three days' journey from the city. "170 And he, although attached to his child by an indescribable fondness, neither changed colour, nor wavered in his soul, but remained firm in an unyielding and unalterable purpose, as he was at first. And being wholly influenced by love towards God, he forcibly repressed all the names and charms of the natural relationship: and without mentioning the oracular command to any one of his household out of all his numerous body of servants, he took with him the two eldest, who were most thoroughly attached to their master, as if he were bent upon the celebration of some ordinary divine rite, and went forth with his son, making four in all.
175 but Abraham, betraying no alteration of voice, or countece, or intention, looking at his son with steady eye, answered his question with a determination more steadily still, "My child," said he, "God will provide himself a victim for the burnt offering," although we are in a vast desert where perhaps you despair of such a thing as being found; but all things are possible to God, even all such things as are impossible and unintelligible to men. ' "' None |
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18. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 1.224 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abraham, test of at Aqedah, omitted by Philo • sacrifice of Isaac, as test
Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020), Philo of Alexandria: On the Life of Abraham: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, 304; Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 272
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1.224 ὡς πολεμίων τε κρείττονα ποιήσειε καὶ τὴν παροῦσαν εὐδαιμονίαν ἐκ τῆς αὐτοῦ σπουδῆς ἔχοι καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ̓́Ισακον, ᾔτει τοῦτον αὐτῷ θῦμα καὶ ἱερεῖον αὐτὸν παρασχεῖν ἐκέλευέ τε εἰς τὸ Μώριον ὄρος ἀναγαγόντα ὁλοκαυτῶσαι βωμὸν ἱδρυσάμενον: οὕτως γὰρ ἐμφανίσειν τὴν περὶ αὐτὸν θρησκείαν, εἰ καὶ τῆς τοῦ τέκνου σωτηρίας προτιμήσειε τὸ τῷ θεῷ κεχαρισμένον.'' None | sup>
1.224 how he had made him superior to his enemies; and that his son Isaac, who was the principal part of his present happiness, was derived from him; and he said that he required this son of his as a sacrifice and holy oblation. Accordingly he commanded him to carry him to the mountain Moriah, and to build an altar, and offer him for a burnt-offering upon it for that this would best manifest his religious disposition towards him, if he preferred what was pleasing to God, before the preservation of his own son.'' None |
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19. Mishnah, Avot, 5.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abraham, test of at Aqedah, omitted by Philo • God, as tested • God, tests and chastises • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers • testing passim, vocabulary of
Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 273; Gera (2014), Judith, 286; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 58, 123
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5.3 עֲשָׂרָה נִסְיוֹנוֹת נִתְנַסָּה אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם וְעָמַד בְּכֻלָּם, לְהוֹדִיעַ כַּמָּה חִבָּתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם:'' None | sup>
5.3 With ten trials was Abraham, our father (may he rest in peace), tried, and he withstood them all; to make known how great was the love of Abraham, our father (peace be upon him).'' None |
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20. New Testament, Apocalypse, 2.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • hour of testing • testing • testing passim, agents of • testing passim, vocabulary of
Found in books: Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 160, 165, 200; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 57, 77
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2.10 μὴ φοβοῦ ἃ μέλλεις πάσχειν. ἰδοὺ μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν ἵναπειρασθῆτε,καὶ ἔχητε θλίψινἡμερῶν δέκα.γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου, καὶ δώσω σοι τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς.'' None | sup>
2.10 Don't be afraid of the things which you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested; and you will have oppression for ten days. Be faithful to death, and I will give you the crown of life."" None |
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21. New Testament, James, 2.23 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, tests and chastises • testing • testing and trials • testing and trials, of forefathers
Found in books: Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 50; Gera (2014), Judith, 285
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2.23 Ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην, καὶ φίλος θεοῦ ἐκλήθη.'' None | sup>
2.23 and the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him as righteousness;" and he was called the friend of God. '' None |
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22. New Testament, Hebrews, 2.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Testing • testing passim, agents of
Found in books: Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 32; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 36, 267
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2.10 Ἔπρεπεν γὰρ αὐτῷ, διʼ ὃν τὰ πάντα καὶ διʼ οὗ τὰ πάντα, πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν διὰ παθημάτων τελειῶσαι.'' None | sup>
2.10 For it became him, for whom are all things, and through whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the author of their salvation perfect through sufferings. '' None |
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23. New Testament, Mark, 1.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Testing • testing passim, agents of
Found in books: Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly, (2022), The Lord’s Prayer, 97; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 164
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1.4 ἐγένετο Ἰωάνης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ κηρύσσων βάπτισμα μετανοίας εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.'' None | sup>
1.4 John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching the baptism of repentance for forgiveness of sins. '' None |
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24. New Testament, Matthew, 6.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • God, as tested • Testing • testing passim, agents of
Found in books: Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly, (2022), The Lord’s Prayer, 97; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 150, 151
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6.12 καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·'' None | sup>
6.12 Forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors. '' None |
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25. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abraham, test of at Aqedah, omitted by Philo • sacrifice of Isaac, as test
Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020), Philo of Alexandria: On the Life of Abraham: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, 304; Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 272
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26. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • sacrifice test • sacrifice, test of (sacrifice-test or offeringtest)
Found in books: Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 257; de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 127
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