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230 results for "oaths"

1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 28.15-28.69, 29.20 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oath, response to •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 137, 149

28.15. וְהָיָה אִם־לֹא תִשְׁמַע בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם וּבָאוּ עָלֶיךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָלוֹת הָאֵלֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגוּךָ׃ 28.16. אָרוּר אַתָּה בָּעִיר וְאָרוּר אַתָּה בַּשָּׂדֶה׃ 28.17. אָרוּר טַנְאֲךָ וּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּךָ׃ 28.18. אָרוּר פְּרִי־בִטְנְךָ וּפְרִי אַדְמָתֶךָ שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרוֹת צֹאנֶךָ׃ 28.19. אָרוּר אַתָּה בְּבֹאֶךָ וְאָרוּר אַתָּה בְּצֵאתֶךָ׃ 28.21. יַדְבֵּק יְהוָה בְּךָ אֶת־הַדָּבֶר עַד כַּלֹּתוֹ אֹתְךָ מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃ 28.22. יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בַּשַּׁחֶפֶת וּבַקַּדַּחַת וּבַדַּלֶּקֶת וּבַחַרְחֻר וּבַחֶרֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפוֹן וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן וּרְדָפוּךָ עַד אָבְדֶךָ׃ 28.23. וְהָיוּ שָׁמֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ נְחֹשֶׁת וְהָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתֶּיךָ בַּרְזֶל׃ 28.24. יִתֵּן יְהוָה אֶת־מְטַר אַרְצְךָ אָבָק וְעָפָר מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם יֵרֵד עָלֶיךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ׃ 28.25. יִתֶּנְךָ יְהוָה נִגָּף לִפְנֵי אֹיְבֶיךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד תֵּצֵא אֵלָיו וּבְשִׁבְעָה דְרָכִים תָּנוּס לְפָנָיו וְהָיִיתָ לְזַעֲוָה לְכֹל מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ׃ 28.26. וְהָיְתָה נִבְלָתְךָ לְמַאֲכָל לְכָל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּלְבֶהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד׃ 28.27. יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בִּשְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם ובעפלים [וּבַטְּחֹרִים] וּבַגָּרָב וּבֶחָרֶס אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תוּכַל לְהֵרָפֵא׃ 28.28. יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בְּשִׁגָּעוֹן וּבְעִוָּרוֹן וּבְתִמְהוֹן לֵבָב׃ 28.29. וְהָיִיתָ מְמַשֵּׁשׁ בַּצָּהֳרַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר יְמַשֵּׁשׁ הָעִוֵּר בָּאֲפֵלָה וְלֹא תַצְלִיחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶיךָ וְהָיִיתָ אַךְ עָשׁוּק וְגָזוּל כָּל־הַיָּמִים וְאֵין מוֹשִׁיעַ׃ 28.31. שׁוֹרְךָ טָבוּחַ לְעֵינֶיךָ וְלֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ חֲמֹרְךָ גָּזוּל מִלְּפָנֶיךָ וְלֹא יָשׁוּב לָךְ צֹאנְךָ נְתֻנוֹת לְאֹיְבֶיךָ וְאֵין לְךָ מוֹשִׁיעַ׃ 28.32. בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ נְתֻנִים לְעַם אַחֵר וְעֵינֶיךָ רֹאוֹת וְכָלוֹת אֲלֵיהֶם כָּל־הַיּוֹם וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶךָ׃ 28.33. פְּרִי אַדְמָתְךָ וְכָל־יְגִיעֲךָ יֹאכַל עַם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדָעְתָּ וְהָיִיתָ רַק עָשׁוּק וְרָצוּץ כָּל־הַיָּמִים׃ 28.34. וְהָיִיתָ מְשֻׁגָּע מִמַּרְאֵה עֵינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶה׃ 28.35. יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בִּשְׁחִין רָע עַל־הַבִּרְכַּיִם וְעַל־הַשֹּׁקַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תוּכַל לְהֵרָפֵא מִכַּף רַגְלְךָ וְעַד קָדְקֳדֶךָ׃ 28.36. יוֹלֵךְ יְהוָה אֹתְךָ וְאֶת־מַלְכְּךָ אֲשֶׁר תָּקִים עָלֶיךָ אֶל־גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַעְתָּ אַתָּה וַאֲבֹתֶיךָ וְעָבַדְתָּ שָּׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים עֵץ וָאָבֶן׃ 28.37. וְהָיִיתָ לְשַׁמָּה לְמָשָׁל וְלִשְׁנִינָה בְּכֹל הָעַמִּים אֲשֶׁר־יְנַהֶגְךָ יְהוָה שָׁמָּה׃ 28.38. זֶרַע רַב תּוֹצִיא הַשָּׂדֶה וּמְעַט תֶּאֱסֹף כִּי יַחְסְלֶנּוּ הָאַרְבֶּה׃ 28.39. כְּרָמִים תִּטַּע וְעָבָדְתָּ וְיַיִן לֹא־תִשְׁתֶּה וְלֹא תֶאֱגֹר כִּי תֹאכְלֶנּוּ הַתֹּלָעַת׃ 28.41. בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת תּוֹלִיד וְלֹא־יִהְיוּ לָךְ כִּי יֵלְכוּ בַּשֶּׁבִי׃ 28.42. כָּל־עֵצְךָ וּפְרִי אַדְמָתֶךָ יְיָרֵשׁ הַצְּלָצַל׃ 28.43. הַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בְּקִרְבְּךָ יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ מַעְלָה מָּעְלָה וְאַתָּה תֵרֵד מַטָּה מָּטָּה׃ 28.44. הוּא יַלְוְךָ וְאַתָּה לֹא תַלְוֶנּוּ הוּא יִהְיֶה לְרֹאשׁ וְאַתָּה תִּהְיֶה לְזָנָב׃ 28.45. וּבָאוּ עָלֶיךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָלוֹת הָאֵלֶּה וּרְדָפוּךָ וְהִשִּׂיגוּךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ כִּי־לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֺתָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר צִוָּךְ׃ 28.46. וְהָיוּ בְךָ לְאוֹת וּלְמוֹפֵת וּבְזַרְעֲךָ עַד־עוֹלָם׃ 28.47. תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָבַדְתָּ אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב מֵרֹב כֹּל׃ 28.48. וְעָבַדְתָּ אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ יְהוָה בָּךְ בְּרָעָב וּבְצָמָא וּבְעֵירֹם וּבְחֹסֶר כֹּל וְנָתַן עֹל בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶךָ עַד הִשְׁמִידוֹ אֹתָךְ׃ 28.49. יִשָּׂא יְהוָה עָלֶיךָ גּוֹי מֵרָחוֹק מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁר יִדְאֶה הַנָּשֶׁר גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תִשְׁמַע לְשֹׁנוֹ׃ 28.51. וְאָכַל פְּרִי בְהֶמְתְּךָ וּפְרִי־אַדְמָתְךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יַשְׁאִיר לְךָ דָּגָן תִּירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶךָ עַד הַאֲבִידוֹ אֹתָךְ׃ 28.52. וְהֵצַר לְךָ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ עַד רֶדֶת חֹמֹתֶיךָ הַגְּבֹהוֹת וְהַבְּצֻרוֹת אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה בֹּטֵחַ בָּהֵן בְּכָל־אַרְצֶךָ וְהֵצַר לְךָ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ בְּכָל־אַרְצְךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָךְ׃ 28.53. וְאָכַלְתָּ פְרִי־בִטְנְךָ בְּשַׂר בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן־לְךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר־יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיְבֶךָ׃ 28.54. הָאִישׁ הָרַךְ בְּךָ וְהֶעָנֹג מְאֹד תֵּרַע עֵינוֹ בְאָחִיו וּבְאֵשֶׁת חֵיקוֹ וּבְיֶתֶר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יוֹתִיר׃ 28.55. מִתֵּת לְאַחַד מֵהֶם מִבְּשַׂר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יֹאכֵל מִבְּלִי הִשְׁאִיר־לוֹ כֹּל בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיִבְךָ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ׃ 28.56. הָרַכָּה בְךָ וְהָעֲנֻגָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא־נִסְּתָה כַף־רַגְלָהּ הַצֵּג עַל־הָאָרֶץ מֵהִתְעַנֵּג וּמֵרֹךְ תֵּרַע עֵינָהּ בְּאִישׁ חֵיקָהּ וּבִבְנָהּ וּבְבִתָּהּ׃ 28.57. וּבְשִׁלְיָתָהּ הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ וּבְבָנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד כִּי־תֹאכְלֵם בְּחֹסֶר־כֹּל בַּסָּתֶר בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיִבְךָ בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ׃ 28.58. אִם־לֹא תִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת הַכְּתוּבִים בַּסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה לְיִרְאָה אֶת־הַשֵּׁם הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא הַזֶּה אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ׃ 28.59. וְהִפְלָא יְהוָה אֶת־מַכֹּתְךָ וְאֵת מַכּוֹת זַרְעֶךָ מַכּוֹת גְּדֹלוֹת וְנֶאֱמָנוֹת וָחֳלָיִם רָעִים וְנֶאֱמָנִים׃ 28.61. גַּם כָּל־חֳלִי וְכָל־מַכָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא כָתוּב בְּסֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת יַעְלֵם יְהוָה עָלֶיךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ׃ 28.62. וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם בִּמְתֵי מְעָט תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר הֱיִיתֶם כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם לָרֹב כִּי־לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ׃ 28.63. וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂשׂ יְהוָה עֲלֵיכֶם לְהֵיטִיב אֶתְכֶם וּלְהַרְבּוֹת אֶתְכֶם כֵּן יָשִׂישׂ יְהוָה עֲלֵיכֶם לְהַאֲבִיד אֶתְכֶם וּלְהַשְׁמִיד אֶתְכֶם וְנִסַּחְתֶּם מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃ 28.64. וֶהֱפִיצְךָ יְהוָה בְּכָל־הָעַמִּים מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעָבַדְתָּ שָּׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַעְתָּ אַתָּה וַאֲבֹתֶיךָ עֵץ וָאָבֶן׃ 28.65. וּבַגּוֹיִם הָהֵם לֹא תַרְגִּיעַ וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה מָנוֹחַ לְכַף־רַגְלֶךָ וְנָתַן יְהוָה לְךָ שָׁם לֵב רַגָּז וְכִלְיוֹן עֵינַיִם וְדַאֲבוֹן נָפֶשׁ׃ 28.66. וְהָיוּ חַיֶּיךָ תְּלֻאִים לְךָ מִנֶּגֶד וּפָחַדְתָּ לַיְלָה וְיוֹמָם וְלֹא תַאֲמִין בְּחַיֶּיךָ׃ 28.67. בַּבֹּקֶר תֹּאמַר מִי־יִתֵּן עֶרֶב וּבָעֶרֶב תֹּאמַר מִי־יִתֵּן בֹּקֶר מִפַּחַד לְבָבְךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּפְחָד וּמִמַּרְאֵה עֵינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶה׃ 28.68. וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ יְהוָה מִצְרַיִם בָּאֳנִיּוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתִּי לְךָ לֹא־תֹסִיף עוֹד לִרְאֹתָהּ וְהִתְמַכַּרְתֶּם שָׁם לְאֹיְבֶיךָ לַעֲבָדִים וְלִשְׁפָחוֹת וְאֵין קֹנֶה׃ 28.69. אֵלֶּה דִבְרֵי הַבְּרִית אֲ‍שֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה לִכְרֹת אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב מִלְּבַד הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַת אִתָּם בְּחֹרֵב׃

28.15. But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all His commandments and His statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee. 28.16. Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field. 28.17. Cursed shall be thy basket and thy kneading-trough. 28.18. Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the young of thy flock. 28.19. Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out. 28.20. The LORD will send upon thee cursing, discomfiture, and rebuke, in all that thou puttest thy hand unto to do, until thou be destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the evil of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken Me. 28.21. The LORD will make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until He have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest in to possess it. 28.22. The LORD will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with drought, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish. 28.23. And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron. 28.24. The LORD will make the rain of thy land powder and dust; from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed. 28.25. The LORD will cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies; thou shalt go out one way against them, and shalt flee seven ways before them; and thou shalt be a horror unto all the kingdoms of the earth. 28.26. And thy carcasses shall be food unto all fowls of the air, and unto the beasts of the earth, and there shall be none to frighten them away. 28.27. The LORD will smite thee with the boil of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healed. 28.28. The LORD will smite thee with madness, and with blindness, and with astonishment of heart. 28.29. And thou shalt grope at noonday, as the blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not make thy ways prosperous; and thou shalt be only oppressed and robbed alway, and there shall be none to save thee. 28.30. Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her; thou shalt build a house, and thou shalt not dwell therein; thou shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt not use the fruit thereof. 28.31. Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof; thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee; thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies; and thou shalt have none to save thee. 28.32. Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day; and there shall be nought in the power of thy hand. 28.33. The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed away: 28.34. o that thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. 28.35. The LORD will smite thee in the knees, and in the legs, with a sore boil, whereof thou canst not be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the crown of thy head. 28.36. The LORD will bring thee, and thy king whom thou shalt set over thee, unto a nation that thou hast not known, thou nor thy fathers; and there shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone. 28.37. And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples whither the LORD shall lead thee away. 28.38. Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather little in; for the locust shall consume it. 28.39. Thou shalt plant vineyards and dress them, but thou shalt neither drink of the wine, nor gather the grapes; for the worm shall eat them. 28.40. Thou shalt have olive-trees throughout all thy borders, but thou shalt not anoint thyself with the oil; for thine olives shall drop off. 28.41. Thou shalt beget sons and daughters, but they shall not be thine; for they shall go into captivity. 28.42. All thy trees and the fruit of thy land shall the locust possess. 28.43. The stranger that is in the midst of thee shall mount up above thee higher and higher; and thou shalt come down lower and lower. 28.44. He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt not lend to him; he shall be the head, and thou shalt be the tail. 28.45. And all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou didst not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep His commandments and His statutes which He commanded thee. 28.46. And they shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed for ever; 28.47. because thou didst not serve the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, by reason of the abundance of all things; 28.48. therefore shalt thou serve thine enemy whom the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things; and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee. 28.49. The LORD will bring a nation against thee from far, from the end of the earth, as the vulture swoopeth down; a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand; 28.50. a nation of fierce countece, that shall not regard the person of the old, nor show favour to the young. 28.51. And he shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy ground, until thou be destroyed; that also shall not leave thee corn, wine, or oil, the increase of thy kine, or the young of thy flock, until he have caused thee to perish. 28.52. And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy high and fortified walls come down, wherein thou didst trust, throughout all thy land; and he shall besiege thee in all thy gates throughout all thy land, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. 28.53. And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters whom the LORD thy God hath given thee; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall straiten thee. 28.54. The man that is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye shall be evil against his brother, and against the wife of his bosom, and against the remt of his children whom he hath remaining; 28.55. o that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he shall eat, because he hath nothing left him; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemy shall straiten thee in all thy gates. 28.56. The tender and delicate woman among you, who would not adventure to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicateness and tenderness, her eye shall be evil against the husband of her bosom, and against her son, and against her daughter; 28.57. and against her afterbirth that cometh out from between her feet, and against her children whom she shall bear; for she shall eat them for want of all things secretly; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemy shall straiten thee in thy gates. 28.58. If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and awful Name, the LORD thy God; 28.59. then the LORD will make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, and sore sicknesses, and of long continuance. 28.60. And He will bring back upon thee all the diseases of Egypt, which thou wast in dread of; and they shall cleave unto thee. 28.61. Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed. 28.62. And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou didst not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God. 28.63. And it shall come to pass, that as the LORD rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the LORD will rejoice over you to cause you to perish, and to destroy you; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goest in to possess it. 28.64. And the LORD shall scatter thee among all peoples, from the one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which thou hast not known, thou nor thy fathers, even wood and stone. 28.65. And among these nations shalt thou have no repose, and there shall be no rest for the sole of thy foot; but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and languishing of soul. 28.66. And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear night and day, and shalt have no assurance of thy life. 28.67. In the morning thou shalt say: ‘Would it were even! ’ and at even thou shalt say: ‘Would it were morning! ’ for the fear of thy heart which thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. 28.68. And the LORD shall bring thee back into Egypt in ships, by the way whereof I said unto thee: ‘Thou shalt see it no more again’; and there ye shall sell yourselves unto your enemies for bondmen and for bondwoman, and no man shall buy you. 28.69. These are the words of the covet which the LORD commanded Moses to make with the children of Israel in the land of Moab, beside the covet which He made with them in Horeb. 29.20. and the LORD shall separate him unto evil out of all the tribes of Israel, according to all the curses of the covet that is written in this book of the law.

2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 28.43 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 149

28.43. וְהָיוּ עַל־אַהֲרֹן וְעַל־בָּנָיו בְּבֹאָם אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד אוֹ בְגִשְׁתָּם אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וְלֹא־יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו׃

28.43. And they shall be upon Aaron, and upon his sons, when they go in unto the tent of meeting, or when they come near unto the altar to minister in the holy place; that they bear not iniquity, and die; it shall be a statute for ever unto him and unto his seed after him.

3. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 5.7, 5.22 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 149

5.7. וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת־חַטָּאתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת־אֲשָׁמוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וַחֲמִישִׁתוֹ יֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ׃ 5.22. וּבָאוּ הַמַּיִם הַמְאָרְרִים הָאֵלֶּה בְּמֵעַיִךְ לַצְבּוֹת בֶּטֶן וְלַנְפִּל יָרֵךְ וְאָמְרָה הָאִשָּׁה אָמֵן אָמֵן׃

5.7. then they shall confess their sin which they have done; and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him in respect of whom he hath been guilty. 5.22. and this water that causeth the curse shall go into thy bowels, and make thy belly to swell, and thy thigh to fall away’; and the woman shall say: ‘Amen, Amen.’

4. Hesiod, Fragments, fr.197.4-5, fr.204.87-93, fr.198.2-9 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 50

5. Hesiod, Works And Days, 194, 238-249, 282-284, 802-804, 285 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 10, 377

285. ἀνδρὸς δʼ εὐόρκου γενεὴ μετόπισθεν ἀμείνων.

285. It’s no use being good when wickedne

6. Hesiod, Theogony, 124, 185, 226-230, 232, 400, 472-473, 784, 793-806, 947-949, 231 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 9, 301

231. Ὅρκον θʼ, ὃς δὴ πλεῖστον ἐπιχθονίους ἀνθρώπους

231. He labelled Titans for they used huge strain

7. Homer, Iliad, 19.113, 19.112, 19.111, 19.110, 19.109, 19.108, 19.107, 23.43, 1.234, 1.86, 1.80, 1.81, 1.77, 1.82, 1.79, 1.78, 10.321, 10.329, 10.322, 10.323, 1.237, 7.410, 1.236, 1.235, 10.324, 1.76, 7.412, 10.325, 10.326, 7.413, 7.409, 10.327, 10.328, 7.411, 10.331, 10.330, 10.320, 9.346, 9.337, 9.322, 9.321, 9.320, 1.83, 9.318, 9.314, 10.319, 19.284, 2.341, 3.256, 3.323, 4.159, 3.73, 9.313, 9.312, 9.309, 1.243, 1.242, 10.332, 1.241, 1.240, 1.239, 1.238, 1.233, 1.244, 3.94, 7.408, 1.245, 1.246, 9.308, 7.407, 7.406, 2.257, 1.204, 14.272, 9.310, 9.319, 1.84, 1.87, 1.88, 1.89, 1.91, 1.90, 10.333, 1.85, 3.74, 24.657, 24.656, 3.248, 22.270, 3.260, 22.272, 22.271, 3.272, 22.269, 3.259, 22.268, 22.267, 3.273, 22.266, 3.75, 24.658, 24.661, 24.671, 24.670, 24.669, 24.668, 24.667, 24.666, 24.665, 3.271, 24.664, 24.663, 24.662, 3.274, 24.660, 24.659, 22.261, 22.265, 7.84, 7.83, 7.82, 7.81, 7.80, 7.79, 7.78, 7.77, 7.76, 7.85, 3.250, 3.257, 3.251, 3.252, 3.278, 3.292, 3.253, 3.254, 3.283, 3.297, 3.249, 7.86, 3.277, 22.264, 22.263, 22.262, 22.259, 22.258, 22.257, 22.256, 22.255, 22.254, 7.91, 3.285, 3.258, 7.90, 3.301, 7.89, 3.275, 3.276, 7.88, 7.87, 3.288, 3.282, 24.672, 3.261, 3.291, 3.279, 3.280, 3.281, 3.284, 3.265, 3.286, 3.287, 3.262, 3.264, 3.267, 3.296, 3.245, 3.268, 3.246, 3.269, 3.263, 3.270, 3.300, 3.289, 3.299, 3.294, 3.295, 3.247, 3.298, 3.266, 3.290, 3.293, 3.255, 5.186, 23.265, 19.269, 2.339, 2.340, 2.286, 2.287, 2.285, 2.284, 2.288, 21.375, 21.374, 20.316, 20.315, 21.373, 21.376, 20.317, 20.314, 20.313, 38, 15.38, 15.37, 15.36, 14.271, 37, 23.583, 23.582, 15.42, 15.45, 23.584, 23.581, 23.585, 15.43, 15.40, 15.39, 14.273, 15.44, 15.46, 15.41, 14.278, 19.117, 14.275, 19.257, 14.274, 19.254, 19.116, 19.251, 19.244, 19.253, 14.270, 19.250, 19.245, 19.104, 19.102, 19.101, 19.255, 14.282, 19.105, 19.247, 19.114, 14.281, 19.248, 14.280, 19.256, 19.246, 14.279, 19.243, 19.106, 14.277, 19.249, 19.115, 14.276, 19.206, 19.132, 19.258, 19.193, 14.354, 19.216, 19.217, 19.218, 19.192, 19.219, 19.220, 19.191, 19.221, 14.355, 19.264, 19.190, 19.215, 14.356, 19.188, 14.357, 19.222, 14.358, 14.359, 19.223, 14.360, 19.187, 19.263, 19.224, 19.186, 19.189, 19.194, 19.265, 19.205, 19.270, 19.204, 19.268, 19.271, 19.207, 19.208, 19.272, 19.203, 19.267, 19.202, 19.209, 19.214, 19.266, 19.200, 19.273, 19.210, 19.199, 19.274, 19.198, 19.211, 19.212, 19.197, 19.213, 19.196, 19.195, 19.275, 19.201, 19.185, 19.184, 19.131, 19.232, 19.130, 19.233, 19.129, 19.260, 19.234, 19.128, 19.235, 19.236, 19.127, 19.261, 19.237, 19.238, 19.239, 19.125, 19.124, 19.240, 19.123, 19.259, 19.241, 19.122, 19.121, 19.242, 19.120, 19.119, 19.126, 19.133, 19.231, 19.183, 19.182, 19.181, 19.225, 19.226, 19.180, 19.227, 19.179, 19.178, 19.177, 19.262, 19.228, 19.176, 19.175, 19.229, 19.407, 19.230, 19.118, 19.252, 19.103, 9.456, 9.571, 9.572, 9.457, 9.568, 9.569, 9.455, 9.570, 9.453, 9.454, 3.105f. (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 201, 204

19.113. ἀλλʼ ὄμοσεν μέγαν ὅρκον, ἔπειτα δὲ πολλὸν ἀάσθη.

19.113. whoso this day shall fall between a woman's feet, even one of those men who are of the blood of thy stock.’ So spake she; howbeit Zeus in no wise marked her craftiness, but sware a great oath, and therewithal was blinded sore.

8. Homer, Odyssey, 20.339, 12.342, 10.434, 12.359, 10.41, 10.47, 12.358, 10.40, 10.48, 12.303, 12.304, 10.39, 12.357, 12.356, 12.306, 12.354, 10.438, 10.429, 10.46, 10.439, 10.49, 10.440, 12.305, 12.355, 12.360, 10.45, 12.297, 12.371, 10.42, 12.370, 10.43, 12.372, 10.441, 12.373, 10.38, 12.369, 12.368, 12.361, 12.302, 12.362, 12.363, 12.298, 12.301, 10.44, 12.300, 12.365, 12.366, 12.299, 12.367, 12.364, 10.435, 10.35, 12.352, 12.339, 12.340, 12.351, 12.350, 1.8, 12.349, 12.348, 10.34, 12.307, 12.347, 12.346, 12.345, 12.344, 12.341, 12.343, 10.431, 10.437, 10.436, 10.37, 10.36, 12.353, 10.433, 10.430, 10.432, 1.7, 24.547, 24.548, 24.546, 24.482, 24.483, 24.484, 24.485, 24.486, 14.15, 14.171, 17.229, 18.82, 14.164, 14.162, 2.187, 14.145, 14.146, 14.147, 14.148, 14.149, 14.150, 14.151, 14.152, 14.163, 14.154, 14.155, 14.156, 14.157, 14.158, 14.159, 14.160, 14.161, 14.153, 10.483, 10.346, 10.381, 10.299, 10.345, 10.344, 10.343, 10.301, 10.300, 186, 185, 5.186, 5.185, 5.184, 19.396, 19.395, 5.178, 19.518, 2.136, 2.135, 11.325, 11.324, 11.321, 11.322, 11.323, 1.1, 24.485f. (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80, 85

9. Homeric Hymns, To Aphrodite, 26, 28, 27 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 143, 198

27. Fulfilled, by touching Father Zeus’s head.

10. Homeric Hymns, To Demeter, 260, 261, 262, 331, 332, 333, homeric hymn to demeter, 259 (8th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 202, 204

259. The Cutter or witchcraft bring him distre

11. Homeric Hymns, To Hermes, 1101-1102, 274-276, 384-385, 461-462, 383 (8th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 126

383. The finely-decked Olympian drapery!

12. Homeric Hymns, To Apollo And The Muses, 331-338, 84-86, 339 (8th cent. BCE - 8th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 112

13. Sappho, Fragments, fr.95.9, fr.95, 44afr.4-7, fr.95.9-10 (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

14. Alcaeus, Fragments, fr.129.13-4 (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •earth,touching during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 10

15. Alcaeus, Fragments, fr.129.13-4 (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •earth,touching during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 10

16. Acusilaus, Fragments, fr.20 (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking •non-divine witnesses to oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 319

17. Semonides of Amorgos, Fragments, fr.7.115-17 (7th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •helen of troy, suitors oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 58

18. Sappho, Fragments, fr.95.9, fr.95, 44afr.4-7, fr.95.9-10 (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

19. Sappho, Fragments, fr.95.9, fr.95, 44afr.4-7, fr.95.9-10 (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

20. Theognis, Elegies, 51 arg.Â§5 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •menelaus, and the suitors oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 51

21. Ananius, Fragments, fr.4 (6th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80, 318

22. Pindar, Nemean Odes, 11.24 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

23. Pindar, Olympian Odes, 2.65-2.67, 2.92, 6.21, 7.64-7.68, 11.4-11.6, 13.98-13.100 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dolon,oath with hector, doxa (reputation),importance of •earth,touching during oaths •dolon,oath with hector •hector, oaths sworn by •leotychidas of sparta, leto,oaths of •duplicitous oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 85, 144, 197, 357, 377

24. Pindar, Paeanes, fr.52f.155, 52ffr..112-16 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 197

25. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, -, 1, 1224, 1284, 1290, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1625, 2, 202, 203, 208, 239, 5, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 650, 66, 67, 68, 687, 688, 689, 690, 8, 9, [, ], 1285 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149

1285. ἄξειν νιν ὑπτίασμα κειμένου πατρός.

1285. Why make I then, like an indweller, moaning?

26. Aeschylus, Eumenides, 127, 1044 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 204

1044. σπονδαὶ δʼ ἐς τὸ πᾶν ἐκ μετοίκων

27. Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes, 720-723, 725, 866-867, 886-887, 724 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 9

724. τελέσαι τὰς περιθύμους

28. Aeschylus, Libation-Bearers, 978-980, 977 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149

29. Xenophanes, Fragments, A14 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, on oaths •oaths, aristotle on Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 156

30. Theognis, Fragments, 1045, fr.19 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

31. Theognis, Fragments, 1045, fr.19 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

32. Euripides, Hippolytus, 1206-1207, 1451, 304-310, 339, 575, 577-600, 611-612, 576 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149

576. ἀκούσαθ' οἷος κέλαδος ἐν δόμοις πίτνει.

576. I am undone. Stand here at the door and hear the noise arising in the house. Choru

33. Antiphanes, Fragments, fr.26, fr.183 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 321

34. Antisthenes, Fragments, fr.1874-5 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •ma ton dia oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 367

35. Hebrew Bible, 2 Chronicles, 34.24 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 149

34.24. כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה הִנְנִי מֵבִיא רָעָה עַל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וְעַל־יוֹשְׁבָיו אֵת כָּל־הָאָלוֹת הַכְּתוּבוֹת עַל־הַסֵּפֶר אֲשֶׁר קָרְאוּ לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה׃

34.24. Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, even all the curses that are written in the book which they have read before the king of Judah;

36. Euripides, Suppliant Women, 1174, 260-262, 950-954, 1175 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 4

1175. οἵων ὑφ' ἡμῶν στείχετ' ἠξιωμένοι.

1175. of the treatment we vouchsafed you ere you left us. Adrastu

37. Euripides, Phoenician Women, 1006-1012, 1224-1241, 427-431, 481, 626, 97, 1223 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 65

1223. ̓Ετεοκλέης δ' ὑπῆρξ' ἀπ' ὀρθίου σταθεὶς

1223. deeds of shameful recklessness, a single combat apart from the army; they addressed to Argives and Thebans alike words I would they had never uttered. Eteocles, taking his stand on a lofty tower, after ordering silence to be proclaimed to the army, began:

38. Euripides, Fragments of Phaethon, fr.4 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •arrows as oath guarantors Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 126

39. Euripides, Orestes, 1148, 1147 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

1147. λαβόντα νύμφην: μὴ γὰρ οὖν ζῴην ἔτι,

1147. and your mother—but I pass that by, for it is not seemly to mention it—and for him to possess your home, though it was by Agamemnon’s prowess that he recovered his bride. May I die, if we do not draw our swords upon her! But if we do not accomplish Helen’s death,

40. Euripides, Melanippe Sapiens, fr.785, fr.752a (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 126

41. Euripides, Medea, 1389-1390, 316, 619-620, 709-713, 719-754, 756, 755 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 29

755. ἃ τοῖσι δυσσεβοῦσι γίγνεται βροτῶν.

755. Whate’er betides the impious. Medea

42. Empedocles, Fragments, fr.115.1-12 d-k (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aetolian oaths •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21

43. Eupolis, Fragments, fr.106, fr.79, fr.84 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318, 325

44. Eupolis, Fragments, fr.106, fr.79, fr.84 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318, 325

45. Antisthenes, Fragments, fr.1874-5 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •ma ton dia oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 367

46. Herodotus, Histories, 1.153 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, of women, in oratorical and commercial texts Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 153

1.153. ταῦτα εἰπόντος τοῦ κήρυκος, λέγεται Κῦρον ἐπειρέσθαι τοὺς παρεόντας οἱ Ἑλλήνων τινες ἐόντες ἄνθρωποι Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ κόσοι πλῆθος ταῦτα ἑωυτῷ προαγορεύουσι. πυνθανόμενον δέ μιν εἰπεῖν πρὸς τὸν κήρυκα τὸν Σπαρτιήτην· “οὐκ ἔδεισά κω ἄνδρας τοιούτους, τοῖσι ἐστι χῶρος ἐν μέση τῇ πόλι ἀποδεδεγμένος ἐς τὸν συλλεγόμενοι ἀλλήλους ὀμνύντες ἐξαπατῶσι· τοῖσι, ἢν ἐγὼ ὑγιαίνω, οὐ τὰ Ἰώνων πάθεα ἔσται ἔλλεσχα ἀλλὰ τὰ οἰκήια.” ταῦτα ἐς τοὺς πάντας Ἕλληνας ἀπέρριψε ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἔπεα, ὅτι ἀγορὰς στησάμενοι ὠνῇ τε καὶ πρήσι χρέωνται· αὐτοὶ γὰρ οἱ Πέρσαι ἀγορῇσι οὐδὲν ἐώθασι χρᾶσθαι, οὐδέ σφι ἐστὶ τὸ παράπαν ἀγορή. μετὰ ταῦτα ἐπιτρέψας τὰς μὲν Σάρδις Ταβάλῳ ἀνδρὶ Πέρσῃ, τὸν δὲ χρυσὸν τόν τε Κροίσου καὶ τὸν τῶν ἄλλων Λυδῶν Πακτύῃ ἀνδρὶ Λυδῷ κομίζειν, ἀπήλαυνε αὐτὸς ἐς Ἀγβάτανα, Κροῖσόν τε ἅμα ἀγόμενος καὶ τοὺς Ἴωνας ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ ποιησάμενος τὴν πρώτην εἶναι. ἡ τε γὰρ Βαβυλών οἱ ἦν ἐμπόδιος καὶ τὸ Βάκτριον ἔθνος καὶ Σάκαι τε καὶ Αἰγύπτιοι, ἐπʼ οὓς ἐπεῖχέ τε στρατηλατέειν αὐτός, ἐπὶ δὲ Ἴωνας ἄλλον πέμπειν στρατηγόν.

1.153. When the herald had proclaimed this, Cyrus is said to have asked the Greeks who were present who and how many in number these Lacedaemonians were who made this declaration. When he was told, he said to the Spartan herald, “I never yet feared men who set apart a place in the middle of their city where they perjure themselves and deceive each other. They, if I keep my health, shall talk of their own misfortunes, not those of the Ionians.” ,He uttered this threat against all the Greeks, because they have markets and buy and sell there; for the Persians themselves were not used to resorting to markets at all, nor do they even have a market of any kind. ,Presently, entrusting Sardis to a Persian called Tabalus, and instructing Pactyes, a Lydian, to take charge of the gold of Croesus and the Lydians, he himself marched away to Ecbatana, taking Croesus with him, and at first taking no notice of the Ionians. ,For he had Babylon on his hands and the Bactrian nation and the Sacae and Egyptians; he meant to lead the army against these himself, and to send another commander against the Ionians.

47. Euripides, Electra, 1355 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •helen of troy, suitors oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 58

1355. μηδ' ἐπιόρκων μέτα συμπλείτω:

1355. or set sail with perjurers; as a god, I give this address to mortals. Choru

48. Euripides, Iphigenia Among The Taurians, 1060-1080, 736-737 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149

49. Euripides, Iphigenia At Aulis, 391, 392, 394, 394a, 473, 474, 475, 476, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 78, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 395 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 61, 301

395. where oaths have been wrongly pledged or forcibly extorted. I will not slay my children, nor In this difficult and much emended passage Lenting’s κοὐ for καὶ Reiske’s παρὰ δίκης , and τιμωρίᾳ , dat. for nom., are the readings followed. shall your interests be prospered by justice in your vengeance for a worthless wife, while I am left wasting, night and day, in sorrow for what I did to one of my own flesh and blood, contrary to all law and justice.

50. Euripides, Helen, 835-844 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 146

51. Antiphanes, Fragments, fr.26, fr.183 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 321

52. Plato, Symposium, 183c, 188b, 188c, 188d, 214d, 219c, symposium, 183b (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 148; Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 156

183b. τῶν μὲν ὀνειδιζόντων κολακείας καὶ ἀνελευθερίας, τῶν δὲ νουθετούντων καὶ αἰσχυνομένων ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν—τῷ δʼ ἐρῶντι πάντα ταῦτα ποιοῦντι χάρις ἔπεστι, καὶ δέδοται ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ἄνευ ὀνείδους πράττειν, ὡς πάγκαλόν τι πρᾶγμα διαπραττομένου· ὃ δὲ δεινότατον, ὥς γε λέγουσιν οἱ πολλοί, ὅτι καὶ ὀμνύντι μόνῳ συγγνώμη παρὰ θεῶν ἐκβάντι τῶν ὅρκων—ἀφροδίσιον γὰρ ὅρκον οὔ φασιν εἶναι· οὕτω

183b. for while the latter would reproach him with adulation and ill-breeding, the former would admonish him and feel ashamed of his conduct. But in a lover all such doings only win him favor: by free grant of our law he may behave thus without reproach, as compassing a most honorable end. Strangest of all, he alone in the vulgar opinion has indulgence from the gods when he forsakes the vow he has sworn; for the vow of love-passion, they say, is no vow. So true it is that both god

53. Plato, Theages, theages (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

54. Plato, Parmenides, parmenides (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

55. Plato, Minos, minos (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

56. Plato, Menexenus, 246d (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, and dearness to gods •dearness to god, and oaths Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 184

57. Plato, Letters, 8.356b (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, and dearness to gods •oaths, and service to gods •dearness to god, and oaths •service to gods', and oaths Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 32

58. Plato, Laws, 948, 917, laws, 730a, 757c, 757d, 3.701c, 9.879e, 4.716d, 11.914a, 9.879c, 9.871b, 11.931e, 9.878a, 920d, 908c10.-d, 916e, 917a11.-b, 949b12.-c, 729e, 842e, 740a5.-b, 880e, 838a8.-b, 948 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 152

948. The court shall be composed first of Law-wardens, next of the living members of the body of examiners themselves, and, in addition to these, of the Bench of select judges; and he who indicts anyone shall state in his indictment that the person in question is unworthy of his distinctions and of his office; and if the defendant be convicted, he shall be deprived of his office and of his tomb, and of the other privileges granted to him; but if the prosecutor fails to gain one-fifth of the votes, he shall pay twelve minas if he be of the highest class — [948b] if of the second, eight — if of the third, six — and if of the fourth, two minas. Rhadamanthys deserves admiration for the way in which, as we are told, he judged cases of law, in that he perceived that the men of his time had a clear belief in the existence of gods — and naturally so, seeing that most men at that time were the offspring of gods, he himself among others, as the story declares. Probably he thought that he ought not to entrust lawsuits to any man, but only to gods, from whom he obtained verdicts that were both simple and speedy; for he administered an oath [948c] to the disputants regarding each matter in dispute, and thus secured a speedy and safe settlement. But nowadays, when, as we say, a certain section of mankind totally disbelieve in gods, and others hold that they pay no regard to us men, while a third party, consisting of the most and worst of men, suppose that in return for small offerings and flatteries the gods lend them aid in committing large robberies, and often set them free from great penalties — under such conditions, for men as they now are, the device of Rhadamanthys would no longer be appropriate in actions at law. [948d] Since, therefore, the opinions of men about the gods have changed, so also must their laws change. In legal actions laws that are framed intelligently ought to debar both litigants from taking oaths; he that is bringing an action against anyone ought to write down his charges, but swear no oath, and the defendant in like manner ought to write down his denial and hand it to the magistrates without an oath. For truly it is a horrible thing to know full well that, inasmuch as lawsuits are frequent in a Polis, well-nigh half the citizens are perjurers, [948e] although they have no scruple in associating with one another at common meals and at other public and private gatherings. So it shall be laid down by law that a judge shall take an oath when he is about to give judgment, and likewise oaths shall be taken by him who is appointing public official

59. Plato, Laches, 181a (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

181a. εἰ τὸν Σωφρονίσκου λέγοιεν. ἀλλʼ, ὦ παῖδες, λέγετέ μοι, ὅδʼ ἐστὶ Σωκράτης, περὶ οὗ ἑκάστοτε ἐμέμνησθε; ΠΑΙ. πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ὦ πάτερ, οὗτος. ΛΥ. εὖ γε νὴ τὴν Ἥραν, ὦ Σώκρατες, ὅτι ὀρθοῖς τὸν πατέρα, ἄριστον ἀνδρῶν ὄντα, καὶ ἄλλως καὶ δὴ καὶ ὅτι οἰκεῖα τά τε σὰ ἡμῖν ὑπάρξει καὶ σοὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα. ΛΑ. καὶ μήν, ὦ Λυσίμαχε, μὴ ἀφίεσό γε τἀνδρός· ὡς ἐγὼ καὶ ἄλλοθί γε αὐτὸν ἐθεασάμην οὐ μόνον τὸν πατέρα

181a. Now tell me, my boys, is this the Socrates whose name you have mentioned so often? Son. To be sure, father, it is he. Lys. On my soul, Socrates, it is good to know that you keep up your father’s name, which was a most honorable one, both on general grounds and particularly because of the intimate relation in which you and we shall equally feel ourselves to be. Lach. Indeed, Lysimachus, he is a person you must not lose hold of; for I have observed him elsewhere too keeping up not merely his father’

60. Plato, Ion, 534d, 534c (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 32

534c. τῶν πραγμάτων, ὥσπερ σὺ περὶ Ὁμήρου, ἀλλὰ θείᾳ μοίρᾳ, τοῦτο μόνον οἷός τε ἕκαστος ποιεῖν καλῶς ἐφʼ ὃ ἡ Μοῦσα αὐτὸν ὥρμησεν, ὁ μὲν διθυράμβους, ὁ δὲ ἐγκώμια, ὁ δὲ ὑπορχήματα, ὁ δʼ ἔπη, ὁ δʼ ἰάμβους· τὰ δʼ ἄλλα φαῦλος αὐτῶν ἕκαστός ἐστιν. οὐ γὰρ τέχνῃ ταῦτα λέγουσιν ἀλλὰ θείᾳ δυνάμει, ἐπεί, εἰ περὶ ἑνὸς τέχνῃ καλῶς ἠπίσταντο λέγειν, κἂν περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων· διὰ ταῦτα δὲ ὁ θεὸς ἐξαιρούμενος τούτων τὸν νοῦν τούτοις χρῆται ὑπηρέταις καὶ

534c. as you do about Homer — but by a divine dispensation, each is able only to compose that to which the Muse has stirred him, this man dithyrambs, another laudatory odes, another dance-songs, another epic or else iambic verse; but each is at fault in any other kind. For not by art do they utter these things, but by divine influence; since, if they had fully learnt by art to speak on one kind of theme, they would know how to speak on all. And for this reason God takes away the mind of these men and uses them as his ministers, just as he does soothsayers and godly seers, [534d] in order that we who hear them may know that it is not they who utter these words of great price, when they are out of their wits, but that it is God himself who speaks and addresses us through them. A convincing proof of what I say is the case of Tynnichus, the Chalcidian, who had never composed a single poem in his life that could deserve any mention, and then produced the paean which is in everyone's mouth, almost the finest song we have, simply — as he says himself — "an invention of the Muses." For the god, as it seems to me, [534e] intended him to be a sign to us that we should not waver or doubt that these fine poems are not human or the work of men, but divine and the work of gods; and that the poets are merely the interpreters of the gods, according as each is possessed by one of the heavenly powers. To show this forth, the god of set purpose sang the finest of songs through the meanest of poets: 534c. as you do about Homer—but by a divine dispensation, each is able only to compose that to which the Muse has stirred him, this man dithyrambs, another laudatory odes, another dance-songs, another epic or else iambic verse; but each is at fault in any other kind. For not by art do they utter these things, but by divine influence; since, if they had fully learnt by art to speak on one kind of theme, they would know how to speak on all. And for this reason God takes away the mind of these men and uses them as his ministers, just as he does soothsayers and godly seers,

61. Plato, Hipparchus, hipparchus (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

62. Plato, Greater Hippias, hippias major (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

63. Plato, Gorgias, 489e, gorgias, 466e (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

466e. γὰρ ποιεῖν ὧν βούλονται ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, ποιεῖν μέντοι ὅτι ἂν αὐτοῖς δόξῃ βέλτιστον εἶναι. ΠΩΛ. οὐκοῦν τοῦτο ἔστιν τὸ μέγα δύνασθαι; ΣΩ. οὔχ, ὥς γέ φησιν πῶλος. ΠΩΛ. ἐγὼ οὔ φημι; φημὶ μὲν οὖν ἔγωγε. ΣΩ. μὰ τὸν—οὐ σύ γε, ἐπεὶ τὸ μέγα δύνασθαι ἔφης ἀγαθὸν εἶναι τῷ δυναμένῳ. ΠΩΛ. φημὶ γὰρ οὖν. ΣΩ. ἀγαθὸν οὖν οἴει εἶναι, ἐάν τις ποιῇ ταῦτα ἃ ἂν δοκῇ αὐτῷ βέλτιστα εἶναι, νοῦν μὴ ἔχων; καὶ τοῦτο καλεῖς σὺ μέγα δύνασθαι; ΠΩΛ. οὐκ ἔγωγε. ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν ἀποδείξεις τοὺς ῥήτορας νοῦν ἔχοντας καὶ

466e. that they wish to do, practically speaking, though they do whatever they think to be best. POLUS: Well, and is not that a great power to have? SOCRATES: No, judging at least by what Polus says. POLUS: I say no! Pardon me, I say yes. SOCRATES: No, by the — — — — , you do not; for you said that great power is a good to him who has it. POLUS: Yes, and I maintain it. SOCRATES: Then do you regard it as a good, when a man does what he thinks to be best, without having intelligence? Is that what you call having a great power? POLUS: No, I do not. SOCRATES: Then will you prove that the orators have intelligence, and that rhetoric is an art, not a flattery, and so refute me ? 466e. that they wish to do, practically speaking, though they do whatever they think to be best. Pol. Well, and is not that a great power to have? Soc. No, judging at least by what Polus says. Pol. I say no! Pardon me, I say yes. Soc. No, by the ————, you do not; for you said that great power is a good to him who has it. Pol. Yes, and I maintain it. Soc. Then do you regard it as a good, when a man does what he thinks to be best, without having intelligence? Is that what you call having a great power? Pol. No, I do not. Soc. Then will you prove that the orators have intelligence, and that rhetoric is an art, not a flattery, and so refute me ?

64. Plato, Critias, 119e, critias, 119d (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 138

119d. ὀρειχαλκίνῃ, ἣ κατὰ μέσην τὴν νῆσον ἔκειτʼ ἐν ἱερῷ Ποσειδῶνος, οἷ δὴ διʼ ἐνιαυτοῦ πέμπτου, τοτὲ δὲ ἐναλλὰξ ἕκτου, συνελέγοντο, τῷ τε ἀρτίῳ καὶ τῷ περιττῷ μέρος ἴσον ἀπονέμοντες, συλλεγόμενοι δὲ περί τε τῶν κοινῶν ἐβουλεύοντο καὶ ἐξήταζον εἴ τίς τι παραβαίνοι, καὶ ἐδίκαζον. ὅτε δὲ δικάζειν μέλλοιεν, πίστεις ἀλλήλοις τοιάσδε ἐδίδοσαν πρότερον. ἀφέτων ὄντων ταύρων ἐν τῷ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἱερῷ, μόνοι γιγνόμενοι δέκα ὄντες, ἐπευξάμενοι τῷ θεῷ τὸ κεχαρισμένον

119d. and thither they assembled every fifth year, and then alternately every sixth year—giving equal honor to both the even and the odd—and when thus assembled they took counsel about public affairs and inquired if any had in any way transgressed and gave judgement. And when they were about to give judgement they first gave pledges one to another of the following description. In the sacred precincts of Poseidon there were bulls at large ; and the ten princes, being alone by themselves, after praying to the God that they might capture a victim well-pleasing unto him,

65. Plato, Cleitophon, cleitophon (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

66. Plato, Timaeus, timaeus (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

67. Plato, Apology of Socrates, 24b5, 35c, 35d, 17c (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 137

17c. ῥήμασί τε καὶ ὀνόμασιν οὐδὲ κεκοσμημένους, ἀλλʼ ἀκούσεσθε εἰκῇ λεγόμενα τοῖς ἐπιτυχοῦσιν ὀνόμασιν—πιστεύω γὰρ δίκαια εἶναι ἃ λέγω—καὶ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν προσδοκησάτω ἄλλως· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν δήπου πρέποι, ὦ ἄνδρες, τῇδε τῇ ἡλικίᾳ ὥσπερ μειρακίῳ πλάττοντι λόγους εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσιέναι. καὶ μέντοι καὶ πάνυ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοῦτο ὑμῶν δέομαι καὶ παρίεμαι· ἐὰν διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν λόγων ἀκούητέ μου ἀπολογουμένου διʼ ὧνπερ εἴωθα λέγειν καὶ ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐπὶ τῶν τραπεζῶν, ἵνα ὑμῶν πολλοὶ ἀκηκόασι, καὶ ἄλλοθι, μήτε

17c. as theirs are, nor carefully arranged, but you will hear things said at random with the words that happen to occur to me. For I trust that what I say is just; and let none of you expect anything else. For surely it would not be fitting for one of my age to come before you like a youngster making up speeches. And, men of Athens, I urgently beg and beseech you if you hear me making my defence with the same words with which I have been accustomed to speak both in the market place at the bankers tables, where many of you have heard me, and elsewhere,

68. Plato, Alcibiades I, 121e, alcibiades i (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

69. Philonides Comicus, Fragments, fr.7 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •duplicitous oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 88

70. Philonides Comicus, Fragments, fr.7 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •duplicitous oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 88

71. Isocrates, Panathenaicus, 12.35-12.41, 12.103-12.104 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •helen of troy, suitors oath •suitors (of helen) oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 109

72. Isaeus, Orations, 2.31-2.33, 2.38-2.40, 5.2, 5.18, 5.31, 7.28, 9.18, 10.10, 12.9 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 148, 152, 153; Martin, Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes (2009) 252, 260; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21, 73, 137, 138

73. Plato, Philebus, 25b, 39e, 65c, 65d, philebus (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

74. Plato, Statesman, 328c1, 328c2, politicus, 257b (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

75. Plato, Protagoras, 328c, 328b (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 157

328b. ἡμῶν προβιβάσαι εἰς ἀρετήν, ἀγαπητόν. ὧν δὴ ἐγὼ οἶμαι εἷς εἶναι, καὶ διαφερόντως ἂν τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων ὀνῆσαί τινα πρὸς τὸ καλὸν καὶ ἀγαθὸν γενέσθαι, καὶ ἀξίως τοῦ μισθοῦ ὃν πράττομαι καὶ ἔτι πλείονος, ὥστε καὶ αὐτῷ δοκεῖν τῷ μαθόντι. διὰ ταῦτα καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς πράξεως τοῦ μισθοῦ τοιοῦτον πεποίημαι· ἐπειδὰν γάρ τις παρʼ ἐμοῦ μάθῃ, ἐὰν μὲν βούληται, ἀποδέδωκεν ὃ ἐγὼ πράττομαι ἀργύριον·

328b. in showing the way to virtue, we must be thankful. Such an one I take myself to be, excelling all other men in the gift of assisting people to become good and true, and giving full value for the fee that I charge—nay, so much more than full, that the learner himself admits it. For this reason I have arranged my charges on a particular plan: when anyone has had lessons from me, if he likes he pays the sum that I ask; if not,

76. Plato, Republic, 334b3, 2.363d, 2.362c, 469a5.-b (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 51

77. Plato, Sophist, sophist (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

78. Plato, Phaedrus, 259c, 259d, 89c, 89b (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21

79. Hipponax, Fragments, fr.155b (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking •non-divine witnesses to oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80, 319

80. Plato, Alcibiades Ii, alcibiades ii (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

81. Lysias, Orations, 1.93.20, 12.1 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21

82. Euripides, Cyclops, 03-Aug, 154, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 554, 555, 558, 559, 560, 9, 266 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 118, 240, 318, 324

83. Xenophon, On Household Management, 20.29, oeconomicus (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

84. Xenophon, Agesilaus, agesilaus (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

85. Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, 2.3.28, 2.4.7, 2.5.3, 3.2.4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •menelaus, and the suitors oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 146

3.2.4. ἐπὶ τούτῳ Κλεάνωρ ὁ Ὀρχομένιος ἀνέστη καὶ ἔλεξεν ὧδε. ἀλλʼ ὁρᾶτε μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὴν βασιλέως ἐπιορκίαν καὶ ἀσέβειαν, ὁρᾶτε δὲ τὴν Τισσαφέρνους ἀπιστίαν, ὅστις λέγων ὡς γείτων τε εἴη τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ περὶ πλείστου ἂν ποιήσαιτο σῶσαι ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις αὐτὸς ὀμόσας ἡμῖν, αὐτὸς δεξιὰς δούς, αὐτὸς ἐξαπατήσας συνέλαβε τοὺς στρατηγούς, καὶ οὐδὲ Δία ξένιον ᾐδέσθη, ἀλλὰ Κλεάρχῳ καὶ ὁμοτράπεζος γενόμενος αὐτοῖς τούτοις ἐξαπατήσας τοὺς ἄνδρας ἀπολώλεκεν.

3.2.4. Then Cleanor the Orchomenian arose and spoke as follows: 'Come, fellow-soldiers, you see the perjury and impiety of the King; you see likewise the faithlessness of Tissaphernes. It was Tissaphernes who said that he was a neighbour of Greece and that he would do his utmost to save us; it was none other than he who gave us his oaths to confirm these words; and then he, Tissaphernes, the very man who had given such pledges, was the very man who deceived and seized our generals. More than that, he did not even reverence Zeus, the god of hospitality; instead, he entertained Clearchus at his own table and then made that very act the means of deceiving and destroying the generals. 5 Ariaeus, too, whom we were ready to make king, with whom we exchanged pledges not to betray one another, even he, showing neither fear of the gods nor honour for the memory of Cyrus dead, although he was most highly honoured by Cyrus living, has now gone over to the bitterest foes of that same Cyrus, and is trying to work harm to us, the friends of Cyrus. 6 Well, may these men be duly punished by the gods; we, however, seeing their deeds, must never again be deceived by them, but must fight as stoutly as we can and meet whatever fortune the gods may please to send.' 3.2.4. Then Cleanor the Orchomenian arose and spoke as follows: Come, fellow-soldiers, you see the perjury and impiety of the King; you see likewise the faithlessness of Tissaphernes. It was Tissaphernes who said Xen. Anab. 2.3.18 . that he was a neighbour of Greece and that he would do his utmost to save us; it was none other than he who gave us his oaths to confirm these words; and then he, Tissaphernes, the very man who had given such pledges, was the very man who deceived and seized our generals. More than that, he did not even reverence Zeus, the god of hospitality; instead, he entertained Clearchus at his own table Xen. Anab. 2.5.27 and then made that very act the means of deceiving and destroying the generals.

86. Xenophon, Apology, apology (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

87. Xenophon, Hiero, hiero (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

88. Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.24, 2.3.55 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths,, to provoke response •earth,touching during oaths Found in books: Boeghold, When a Gesture Was Expected: A Selection of Examples from Archaic and Classical Greek Literature (2022) 101; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 4

2.3.24. Then when Theramenes arrived, Critias arose and spoke as follows: Gentlemen of the Senate, if anyone among you thinks that more people than is fitting are being put to death, let him reflect that where governments are changed these things always take place; and it is inevitable that those who are changing the government here to an oligarchy should have most numerous enemies, both because the state is the most populous of the Greek states and because the commons have been bred up in a condition of freedom for the longest time. 2.3.55. When Critias had spoken these words, Satyrus dragged Theramenes away from the altar, and his servants lent their aid. And Theramenes, as was natural, called upon gods and men to witness what was going on. But the senators kept quiet, seeing that the men at the rail were of the same sort as Satyrus and that the space in front of the senate-house was filled with the guardsmen, and being well aware that the former had come armed with daggers.

89. Xenophon, The Education of Cyrus, 6.1.3 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 144

90. Xenophon, Memoirs, 1.1.18, 1.1.19, 1.1.20, memorabilia (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, on oaths •oaths, aristotle on •history and oaths Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 156; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

1.1.18. βουλεύσας γάρ ποτε καὶ τὸν βουλευτικὸν ὅρκον ὀμόσας, ἐν ᾧ ἦν κατὰ τοὺς νόμους βουλεύσειν, ἐπιστάτης ἐν τῷ δήμῳ γενόμενος, ἐπιθυμήσαντος τοῦ δήμου παρὰ τοὺς νόμους ἐννέα στρατηγοὺς μιᾷ ψήφῳ τοὺς ἀμφὶ Θράσυλλον καὶ Ἐρασινίδην ἀποκτεῖναι πάντας, οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ἐπιψηφίσαι, ὀργιζομένου μὲν αὐτῷ τοῦ δήμου, πολλῶν δὲ καὶ δυνατῶν ἀπειλούντων· ἀλλὰ περὶ πλείονος ἐποιήσατο εὐορκεῖν ἢ χαρίσασθαι τῷ δήμῳ παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον καὶ φυλάξασθαι τοὺς ἀπειλοῦντας. 1.1.19. καὶ γὰρ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι θεοὺς ἐνόμιζεν ἀνθρώπων οὐχ ὃν τρόπον οἱ πολλοὶ νομίζουσιν· οὗτοι μὲν γὰρ οἴονται τοὺς θεοὺς τὰ μὲν εἰδέναι, τὰ δʼ οὐκ εἰδέναι· Σωκράτης δὲ πάντα μὲν ἡγεῖτο θεοὺς εἰδέναι, τά τε λεγόμενα καὶ πραττόμενα καὶ τὰ σιγῇ βουλευόμενα, πανταχοῦ δὲ παρεῖναι καὶ σημαίνειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις περὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπείων πάντων. 1.1.20. θαυμάζω οὖν ὅπως ποτὲ ἐπείσθησαν Ἀθηναῖοι Σωκράτην περὶ θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν, τὸν ἀσεβὲς μὲν οὐδέν ποτε περὶ τοὺς θεοὺς οὔτʼ εἰπόντα οὔτε πράξαντα, τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ λέγοντα καὶ πράττοντα περὶ θεῶν οἷά τις ἂν καὶ λέγων καὶ πράττων εἴη τε καὶ νομίζοιτο εὐσεβέστατος.

1.1.18. For instance, when he was on the Council and had taken the counsellor’s oath by which he bound himself to give counsel in accordance with the laws, it fell to his lot to preside in the Assembly when the people wanted to condemn Thrasyllus and Erasinides and their colleagues to death by a single vote. That was illegal, and he refused the motion in spite of popular rancour and the threats of many powerful persons. It was more to him that he should keep his oath than that he should humour the people in an unjust demand and shield himself from threats. 1.1.18. For instance, when he was on the Council and had taken the counsellor's oath by which he bound himself to give counsel in accordance with the laws, it fell to his lot to preside in the Assembly when the people wanted to condemn Thrasyllus and Erasinides and their colleagues to death by a single vote. That was illegal, and he refused the motion in spite of popular rancour and the threats of many powerful persons. It was more to him that he should keep his oath than that he should humour the people in an unjust demand and shield himself from threats. 1.1.19. For, like most men, indeed, he believed that the gods are heedful of mankind, but with an important difference; for whereas they do not believe in the omniscience of the gods, Socrates thought that they know all things, our words and deeds and secret purposes; that they are present everywhere, and grant signs to men of all that concerns man. IV. iii, 2; Cyropaedia I. vi. 46. 1.1.19. For, like most men, indeed, he believed that the gods are heedful of mankind, but with an important difference; for whereas they do not believe in the omniscience of the gods, Socrates thought that they know all things, our words and deeds and secret purposes; that they are present everywhere, and grant signs to men of all that concerns man. 1.1.20. I wonder, then, how the Athenians can have been persuaded that Socrates was a freethinker, when he never said or did anything contrary to sound religion, and his utterances about the gods and his behaviour towards them were the words and actions of a man who is truly religious and deserves to be thought so. 1.1.20. I wonder, then, how the Athenians can have been persuaded that Socrates was a freethinker, when he never said or did anything contrary to sound religion, and his utterances about the gods and his behaviour towards them were the words and actions of a man who is truly religious and deserves to be thought so.

91. Aristophanes, Wasps, 1438, 1474, 83 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

83. μὰ τὸν κύν' ὦ Νικόστρατ' οὐ φιλόξενος,

92. Alcaeus Comicus, Fragments, fr.129.13-4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •earth,touching during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 10

93. Xenophon, Constitution of The Spartans, 14.3, 14.2, 14.1, lacedaemonian constitution (lac. pol.) (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 366

94. Xenophon, Symposium, 4.27, 4.48-4.49 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking •oaths, and dearness to gods •oaths, and service to gods •dearness to god, and oaths •service to gods', and oaths Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 32, 183; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

4.48. Well, these gods, omniscient and omnipotent, feel so friendly toward me that their watchfulness over me never lets me out of their ken night or day, no matter where I am going or what business I have in view. They know the results also that will follow any act; and so they send me as messengers omens of sounds, dreams, and birds, and thus indicate what I ought to do and what I ought not to do. And when I do their bidding, I never regret it; on the other hand, I have before now disregarded them and have been punished for it. 4.48. Well, these gods, omniscient and omnipotent, feel so friendly toward me that their watchfulness over me never lets me out of their ken night or day, no matter where I am going or what business I have in view. They know the results also that will follow any act; and so they send me as messengers omens of sounds, dreams, and birds, and thus indicate what I ought to do and what I ought not to do. And when I do their bidding, I never regret it; on the other hand, I have before now disregarded them and have been punished for it. 4.49. None of these statements, said Socrates , is incredible. But what I should like very much to know is how you serve them to keep them so friendly. A very economical service it is, I declare! responded Hermogenes. I sound their praises,—which costs nothing; I always restore them part of what they give me; I avoid profanity of speech as far as I can; and I never wittingly lie in matters wherein I have invoked them to be my witnesses. Truly, said Socrates , if it is conduct like this that gives you their friendship, then the gods also, it would seem, take delight in nobility of soul! Such was the serious turn given to the discussion of this topic. 4.49. None of these statements, said Socrates, is incredible. But what I should like very much to know is how you serve them to keep them so friendly. A very economical service it is, I declare! responded Hermogenes. I sound their praises,—which costs nothing; I always restore them part of what they give me; I avoid profanity of speech as far as I can; and I never wittingly lie in matters wherein I have invoked them to be my witnesses. Truly, said Socrates, if it is conduct like this that gives you their friendship, then the gods also, it would seem, take delight in nobility of soul! Such was the serious turn given to the discussion of this topic.

95. Aristophanes, Acharnians, 730 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •arbitrators oaths •statues,proximity to during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 137

730. ἐπόθουν τυ ναὶ τὸν φίλιον ᾇπερ ματέρα.

96. Aristophanes, Birds, 1210, 1216, 1220, 1224, 1236-1237, 1336, 1608-1614, 1642-1643, 194-195, 520-521, 860-861, 954-955, 1335 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 121, 318

1335. οὔ τοι μὰ τὰς κερχνῇδας ἔτι σοῦ σχήσομαι,

1335. PISTHETAERUS (to Manes). Oh! by the kestrels! I can keep my hands off you no longer; you are too slow and lazy altogether. A PARRICIDE: Oh! might I but become an eagle, who soars in the skies! Oh! might I fly above the azure waves of the barren sea! PISTHETAERUS: Ha! 'twould seem the news was true; I hear someone coming who talks of wings. PARRICIDE: Nothing is more charming than to fly; I burn with desire to live under the same laws as the birds; I am bird-mad and fly towards you, for I want to live with you and to obey your laws. PISTHETAERUS: Which laws? The birds have many laws. PARRICIDE: All of them; but the one that pleases me most is, that among the birds it is considered a fine thing to peck and strangle one's father. PISTHETAERUS: Aye, by Zeus! according to us, he who dares to strike his father, while still a chick, is a brave fellow. PARRICIDE: And therefore I want to dwell here, for I want to strangle my father and inherit his wealth. PISTHETAERUS: But we have also an ancient law written in the code of the storks, which runs thus, "When the stork father has reared his young and has taught them to fly, the young must in their turn support the father." PARRICIDE: 'Tis hardly worth while coming all this distance to be compelled to keep my father!

97. Isocrates, Orations, 1.13, 18.2-18.3, 18.56 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 148; Martin, Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes (2009) 260

98. Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 100-179, 18, 180-189, 19, 190-199, 20, 200-209, 21, 210-219, 22, 220-229, 23, 231-238, 24-53, 530-531, 54-55, 554, 56-83, 839, 84, 840-841, 85, 855-858, 86-91, 914-915, 917, 92-93, 939, 94-99, 230 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 149; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 13

230. οὐ πρὸς τὸν ὄροφον ἀνατενῶ τὼ Περσικά.

99. Antiphon, Orations, 5.11-5.12, 6.33, 6.48 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aetolian oaths •history and oaths •aristotle, on oaths •oaths, aristotle on Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 157; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21

100. Aristophanes, Knights, 1239, 298, 336, 337, 338, 339, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 702, 833, 834, 835, knights, 836 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

836. ὦ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις φανεὶς μέγιστον ὠφέλημα,

836. CHORUS: This indeed may be termed talking. Oh, benefactor of the human race, proceed and you will be the most illustrious of the Greeks. You alone shall have sway in Athens, the allies will obey you, and, trident in hand, you will go about shaking and overturning everything to enrich yourself. But, stick to your man, let him not go; with lungs like yours you will soon have him finished. CLEON: No, my brave friends, no, you are running too fast; I have done a sufficiently brilliant deed to shut the mouth of all enemies, so long as one of the bucklers of Pylos remains.

101. Aristophanes, Clouds, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1255, 264, 265, 331, 336, 338, 340, 424, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 628, 629, 667, 693, 773, 814, 82, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, clouds, 627 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 121, 318

627. μὰ τὴν ̓Αναπνοὴν μὰ τὸ Χάος μὰ τὸν ̓Αέρα

627. SOCRATES: By Respiration! By Chaos! By the Air! I have never seen a man so gross, so inept, so stupid, so forgetful. All the little quibbles, which I teach him, he forgets even before he has learnt them. Yet I will not give it up, I will make him come out here into the open air. Where are you, Strepsiades? Come, bring your couch out here. STREPSIADES: But the bugs will not allow me to bring it. SOCRATES: Have done with such nonsense! place it there and pay attention. STREPSIADES: Well, here I am. SOCRATES: Good! Which science of all those you have never been taught, do you wish to learn first? The measures, the rhythms or the verses? STREPSIADES: Why, the measures; the flour dealer cheated me out of two choenixes the other day. SOCRATES: 'Tis not about that I ask you, but which, according to you, is the best measure, the trimeter or the tetrameter? STREPSIADES: The one I prefer is the semisextarius. SOCRATES: You talk nonsense, my good fellow. STREPSIADES: I will wager your tetrameter is the semisextarius. SOCRATES: Plague seize the dunce and the fool! Come, perchance you will learn the rhythms quicker. STREPSIADES: Will the rhythms supply me with food? SOCRATES: First they will help you to be pleasant in company, then to know what is meant by oenoplian rhythm and what by the dactylic. STREPSIADES: of the dactyl? I know that quite well. SOCRATES: What is it then?

102. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 1.126-1.127, 3.83, 5.16.1, 8.81.2 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fletcher, Performing Oaths in Classical Greek Drama (2012) 124

103. Theognis Tragicus, Fragments, 1045, fr.19 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

104. Sophocles, Fragments, fr.140, fr.932, fr.811 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 116

105. Sophocles, Ajax, 1063, 1097-1104, 1111-1114, 1228-1231, 1235, 1291-1298, 1301-1302, 1389-1392, 646-649, 651-653, 835-844, 650 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 106

650. For even I, who used to be so tremendously strong—yes, like tempered iron—felt my tongue’s sharp edge emasculated by this woman’s words, and I feel the pity of leaving her a widow and the boy an orphan among my enemies. But I will go to the bathing-place and

106. Aristophanes, The Women Celebrating The Thesmophoria, 225, 254, 270, 279-518, 520-651, 72-73, 86, 519 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 148; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322

519. οὐδὲν παθοῦσαι μεῖζον ἢ δεδράκαμεν;

107. Aristophanes, Frogs, 01-Mar, 1046, 1047, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1157, 1158, 127, 128, 1433, 1460, 1472, 1480, 1481, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 152, 153, 164, 165, 173, 174, 181, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 48, 486, 49, 490, 491, 499, 50, 500, 501, 508, 51, 586, 587, 588, 589, 6, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 69, 70, 754, 788, 789, 86, 912, 913, 914, 928, 929, 930, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 1374 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

108. Aristophanes, The Rich Man, 1068-1069, 1067 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 324

1067. πειρᾷ μὲν οὖν ἴσως σε καὶ τῶν τιτθίων

109. Sophocles, Antigone, 31, 368, 370, 758-759, 369 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 89, 106

369. Possessing resourceful skill, a subtlety beyond expectation he moves now to evil, now to good. When he honors the laws of the land and the justice of the gods to which he is bound by oath,

110. Sophocles, Electra, 110-116, 417-423, 881-882, 302 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 116

111. Aristophanes, Peace, 1046, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1117, 962, 963, 978, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, peace, 979 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 137

979. νὴ Δία, καὶ μὴ ποίει γ' ἅπερ αἱ

112. Aristophanes, Women of The Assembly, 1000, 1008, 105-106, 1064-1065, 107-108, 155-157, 159-160, 380-397, 427-454, 981, 999, 158 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322

158. μὰ Δί' ἀλλ' ἀνὴρ ὢν τὼ θεὼ κατώμοσας,

113. Sophocles, Oedipus The King, 223-250, 276-279, 644-645, 647, 653, 660-662, 251 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fletcher, Performing Oaths in Classical Greek Drama (2012) 113, 115; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 89

251. with my knowledge, become a resident of my house, I may suffer the same things which I have just called down on others. And I order you to make all these words good, for my sake, for the sake of the god, and for the sake of our land, thus rendered unfruitful and ungodly.

114. Sophocles, Philoctetes, 1225, 1243, 1250, 1258, 1288-1290, 1293-1294, 1324-1335, 1367-1368, 1373-1375, 1383, 1385, 1398, 593, 623, 72-73, 810-813, 595 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 64

595. And all the Achaeans heard this clearly from the mouth Odysseus, for his confidence of success in this action was higher than his comrade’s. Neoptolemu

115. Sophocles, Women of Trachis, 1174-1190, 1248, 779-782, 807-812, 427 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 257

427. What do you mean, fancy! Did you not speak on your oath when you said that you were bringing her as a bride for Heracles? Lichas:

116. Sophocles Iunior, Fragments, fr.140, fr.932, fr.811 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 116

117. Alcaeus Comicus, Fragments, fr.129.13-4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •earth,touching during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 10

118. Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonus, 1298-1299, 1530-1532, 1535-1538, 1594, 40, 522-523, 521 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 88, 137

521. I have suffered the greatest misery, strangers—suffered it through unintended deeds—may the god know it! No part was of my own choice. Choru

119. Aristotle, Politics, 1272a21, 1281b18, 1285b14, politics, 1285b12 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 112, 144

120. Aristotle, Fragments, fr.387, fr.593.1 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 55

121. Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics, 1247a (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, and dearness to gods •oaths, and service to gods •dearness to god, and oaths •service to gods', and oaths Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 183

122. Aristotle, On The Universe, 400b23 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, and dearness to gods •oaths, and service to gods •dearness to god, and oaths •service to gods', and oaths Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 32

123. Aristotle, Rhetoric, 1.15, 1377a, 1396b17 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 152

124. Aeschines, Letters, 1.114, 2.87, 2.115-2.116, 2.232-2.233, 3.99, 3.109-3.113, 3.119-3.120, 3.125-3.128 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aetolian oaths •history and oaths •dolon,oath with hector, doxa (reputation),importance of •leotychidas of sparta, leto,oaths of Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 13, 21, 377

1.114. In consequence of this experience so great became his contempt for you that immediately, on the occasion of the revision of the citizen lists, he gathered in two thousand drachmas. For he asserted that Philotades of Cydathenaeon, a citizen, was a former slave of his own, and he persuaded the members of the deme to disfranchise him. He took charge of the prosecution in court,See on Aeschin. 1.77. and after he had taken the sacred offerings in his hand and sworn that he had not taken a bribe and would not, 2.87. Is it not, therefore, an outrage, gentlemen, if one dares utter such lies about a man who is his own—no, I hasten to correct myself, not his own, but your—fellow citizen, when he is in peril of his life? Wisely, indeed, did our fathers prescribe that, in the trials for bloodshed which are held at the Palladion, the one who wins his case must cut in pieces the sacrificial flesh, and take a solemn oath (and the custom of your fathers is in force to this day), affirming that those jurors who have voted on his side have voted what is true and right, and that he himself has spoken no falsehood; and he calls down destruction upon himself and his household, if this be not true, and prays for many blessings for the jurors. A right provision, fellow citizens, and worthy of a democracy. 2.115. At the same time I reviewed from the beginning the story of the founding of the shrine, and of the first synod of the Amphictyons that was ever held; and I read their oaths, in which the men of ancient times swore that they would raze no city of the Amphictyonic states, nor shut them off from flowing water either in war or in peace; that if anyone should violate this oath, they would march against such an one and raze his cities; and if any one should violate the shrine of the god or be accessory to such violation, or make any plot against the holy places, they would punish him with hand and foot and voice, and all their power. To the oath was added a mighty curse. 3.99. other deceivers, when they are lying, try to speak in vague and ambiguous terms, afraid of being convicted; but Demosthenes, when he is cheating you, first adds an oath to his lie, calling down destruction on himself; and secondly, predicting an event that he knows will never happen, he dares to tell the date of it; and he tells the names of men, when he has never so much as seen their faces, deceiving your ears and imitating men who tell the truth. And this is, indeed, another reason why he richly deserves your hatred, that he is not only a scoundrel himself, but destroys your faith even in the signs and symbols of honesty. 3.109. Collecting a great force of the Amphictyons, they enslaved the men, destroyed their harbor and city, and dedicated their land, as the oracle had commanded. Moreover they swore a mighty oath, that they would not themselves till the sacred land nor let another till it, but that they would go to the aid of the god and the sacred land with hand and foot and voice, and all their might. 3.110. They were not content with taking this oath, but they added an imprecation and a mighty curse concerning this; for it stands thus written in the curse : “If any one should violate this,” it says, “whether city or private man, or tribe, let them be under the curse,” it says, “of Apollo and Artemis and Leto and Athena Pronaea.” 3.111. The curse goes on: That their land bear no fruit; that their wives bear children not like those who begat them, but monsters; that their flocks yield not their natural increase; that defeat await them in camp and court and market-place, and that they perish utterly, themselves, their houses, their whole race; “And never,” it says, “may they offer pure sacrifice unto Apollo, nor to Artemis, nor to Leto, nor to Athena Pronaea, and may the gods refuse to accept their offerings.” 3.112. As a proof of this, let the oracle of the god be read; hear the curse; call to mind the oaths that your fathers swore together with all the other Amphictyons. Oracle [;Ye may not hope to capture town nor tower, Till dark-eyed Amphitrite's waves shall break And roar against Apollo's sacred shore.]; ibl 3.113. This curse, these oaths, and this oracle stand recorded to this day; yet the Locrians of Amphissa , or rather their leaders, most lawless of men, did till the plain, and they rebuilt the walls of the harbor that was dedicate and accursed, and settled there and collected port-dues from those who sailed into the harbor and of the deputies who came to Delphi they corrupted some with money, one of whom was Demosthenes. 3.119. “You see,” I said, “O Amphictyons, the plain yonder tilled by the Amphissians, and pottery works and farm buildings erected there. You see with your own eyes the dedicated and accursed harbor walled again. You know of your own knowledge, and have no need of other witness, how these men have farmed out port-dues, and how they are making money from the sacred harbor.” At the same time I called for the reading of the oracle of the god, the oath of our fathers, and the curse that was proclaimed. And I made this declaration: 3.120. “I, in behalf of the people of Athens , in my own behalf, and in behalf of my children and my house, do come to the help of the god and the sacred land according unto the oath, with hand and foot and voice, and all my powers and I purge our city of this impiety. As for you, now make your own decision. The sacred baskets are prepared; the sacrificial victims stand ready at the altars and you are about to pray to the gods for blessings on state and hearth. 3.125. Now when we had reported this decree to our senate, and then to the assembly, and when the people had approved our acts, and the whole city was ready to choose the righteous course, and when Demosthenes had spoken in opposition—he was earning his retaining-fee from Amphissa—and when I had clearly convicted him in your presence, thereupon the fellow, unable to frustrate the city by open means, goes into the senate chamber, expels all listeners, and from the secret session brings out a bill to the assembly, taking advantage of the inexperience of the man who made the motion. 3.126. And he managed to have this same bill put to vote in the assembly and passed by the people, at the moment when the assembly was on the point of adjourning, when I had already left the place—for I would never have allowed it—and when most of the people had dispersed. Now the substance of the bill was this: “The hieromnemon of the Athenians,” it says, “and the pylagori who are at the time in office, shall go to Thermopylae and Delphi at the times appointed by our fathers”; fine in sound, shameful in fact; for it prevents attendance on the special meeting at Thermopylae , which had to be held before the date of the regular meeting.

125. Lycurgus, Against Leocrates, 20, 76, 79 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21

126. Aristotle, Athenian Constitution, 1.1, 4.2, 7.1, 29.5, 29.5.4, 47.4-47.5, 55.5, 60.2 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aetolian oaths •dionysus, oaths sworn to •arbitrators oaths •history and oaths •non-divine witnesses to oaths •solon, oath attributed to •statues,proximity to during oaths •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (2011) 58, 174; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21, 137, 138, 322

127. Menander, Epitrepontes, 955, 819 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 321

128. Menander, Geãƒæ’Ã†Â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚Â´Rgos, 34 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 321

129. Menander, Perikeiromenãƒæ’Ã†Â€™Ãƒâ€ Ã‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚Âª, 757 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 321

130. Philippides Comicus, Fragments, fr.5 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 321

131. Cleanthes, Fragments, 1.581 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, on oaths •oaths, aristotle on Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 156

132. Xenarchus Comicus, Fragments, fr.6, fr.9 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 88

133. Anaxandrides, Fragments, fr.2 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

134. Anaxandrides, Fragments, fr.2 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

135. Anaximenes of Lampsacus, Rhetoric To Alexander, 15.7.2, 15.7.3, 1432a34-b4, rhetorica ad alexandrum (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 320

136. Menander, Dis Exapaton, 95 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 321

137. Epicrates Comicus, Fragments, fr.8 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •non-divine witnesses to oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 320

138. Demosthenes, Orations, 29.54, 19.172, 23.68, 47.73, 18.283, 47.7, 54.38, 59.1, 21.119, 49.67, 24.148, 49.66, 54.41, 29.26, 24.149, 19.219, 54.4, 24.151, 23.67, 24.150, 19.220, 29.33, 59.6, 18.208, 18.206, 18.207, 40.1, 40.2, 39.3, 21.120, 21.121, 54.26, 47, 53, 46, 59, 50, 52, 49, 9.16, 23.96, 24.34, 48.52, 57.17, 18.7 and 217, 45.60, 31.9, 47.31, 49.65, 45.61, 42.29, 54.39, 43.3, 54.40, 33.14, 24.144 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21

29.54. Do not suppose that while I was ready to take this course, the witnesses did not hold the same opinion. No; they too were ready to place their children by their side, and in confirmation of the testimony they had given, to take an oath with imprecations upon them, if they swore falsely. But Aphobus did not see fit to allow an oath to be given either to them or to me. Instead, he rests his case on arguments subtly planned and on witnesses accustomed to perjury, and thinks thereby easily to mislead you. So take and read to the jury this deposition also. The Deposition

139. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, 1.403-1.404, 1.917 (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •guilt,inherited, hades (pluto),oaths sworn by •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 208, 318

1.403. νήεον αὐτόθι βωμὸν ἐπάκτιον Ἀπόλλωνος, < 1.404. Ἀκτίου Ἐμβασίοιό τʼ ἐπώνυμον· ὦκα δέ τοίγε < 1.917. ἀρρήτους ἀγανῇσι τελεσφορίῃσι θέμιστας <

140. Chrysippus, Fragments, 2.197 (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, on oaths •oaths, aristotle on Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 156

141. Theognis Rhodius, Fragments, 1045, fr.19 (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80

142. Antisthenes of Rhodes, Fragments, fr.1874-5 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •ma ton dia oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 367

143. Dead Sea Scrolls, (Cairo Damascus Covenant) Cd-A, 15.1-15.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 138

144. Philodemus, (Pars I) \ On Piety, 1451-1461, 820-840 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 156

145. Polybius, Histories, 4.33 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •helen of troy, suitors oath •suitors (of helen) oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 299

146. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 15.1-15.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 138

147. Dead Sea Scrolls, of Discipline, 2.5-2.18, 5.12 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 149

148. Cicero, On The Nature of The Gods, 19.107-19.113 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •oracle, relationship to oath Found in books: Fletcher, Performing Oaths in Classical Greek Drama (2012) 245

149. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 2.31-2.32, 3.273-3.274 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hippolytus, blind oath to phaedras nurse Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 273

2.31. Inde loco medius rerum novitate paventem 2.32. Sol oculis iuvenem, quibus adspicit omnia, vidit 3.273. Surgit ab his solio fulvaque recondita nube 3.274. limen adit Semeles. Nec nubes ante removit,

2.31. to stand in his paternal presence. There, 2.31. celestial Phoebus, author of his way) 2.32. unable to endure the dazzling light, 2.32. till over the channel that Cephissus wear

150. Catullus, Poems, 70.3-70.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •duplicitous oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 88

151. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 2.25.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •marriage, oath sworn to censors Found in books: Hug, Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome (2023) 131

152. Oenomaus of Gadara, Fragments, fr.472 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •helen of troy, suitors oath •menelaus, and the suitors oath •absent oaths, and the suitors oath •suitors (of helen) oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 89

153. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 2.1.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •marriage, oath sworn to censors Found in books: Hug, Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome (2023) 131

2.1.4. There was no divorce between man and wife until five hundred and twenty years after the city was founded. The first was Spurius Carvilius, who divorced his wife for being barren. Though he appeared to have a good excuse for what he did, yet there were those who blamed him enough, being such as believed that conjugal loyalty was to be preferred above desire for children.

154. Tosefta, Shevuot, 2.15-2.16 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oath, response to Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 137

155. Tosefta, Nedarim, 1.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oath, response to Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 137

156. Mishnah, Shevuot, 4.13 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oath, response to Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 137

4.13. מַשְׁבִּיעַ אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם, מְצַוֶּה אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם, אוֹסֶרְכֶם אָנִי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין. בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרִין. בְּאל\"ף דל\"ת, בְּיו\"ד ה\"א, בְּשַׁדַּי, בִּצְבָאוֹת, בְּחַנּוּן וְרַחוּם, בְּאֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב חֶסֶד, וּבְכָל הַכִּנּוּיִין, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין. הַמְקַלֵּל בְּכֻלָּן, חַיָּב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין. הַמְקַלֵּל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ בְּכֻלָּן, חַיָּב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין. הַמְקַלֵּל עַצְמוֹ וַחֲבֵרוֹ בְּכֻלָּן, עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. יַכְּכָה אֱלֹהִים, וְכֵן יַכְּכָה אֱלֹהִים, זוֹ הִיא אָלָה הַכְּתוּבָה בַתּוֹרָה. אַל יַכְּךָ, וִיבָרֶכְךָ, וְיֵיטִיב לְ ךָ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְחַיֵּב וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין:

4.13. [If he said]: \"I adjure you\"; \"I command you\"; \"I bind you\"; they are liable. \"By heaven and earth!\", they are exempt. \"By Alef Daleth\"; \"By Yod He\"; \"By God Almighty\"; \"By The Lord of Hosts; \"By the Merciful and Gracious one\"; \"By the Long Suffering One\"; \"By the One Abounding in Kindness\"; or by any of the substitutes [for the name], they are liable. He who blasphemes by any of them is liable, according to the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages exempt him. He who curses his father or mother by any of them is liable according to the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages exempt him. He who curses himself or his neighbor by any of them transgresses a negative precept. [If he said,] \"May God smite you\"; or \"Yea, may God smite you\"; this is the curse written in the Torah. \"May [God] not smite you\"; or \"May he bless you\"; Or \"May he do good unto you [if you bear testimony for me]\": Rabbi Meir makes [them] liable, and the Sages exempt [them].

157. Mishnah, Nedarim, 1.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oath, response to Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 137

1.2. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם קוֹנָח, קוֹנָס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְקָרְבָּן. חֵרֶק חֵרֶךְ, חֵרֵף, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְחֵרֶם. נָזִיק נָזִיחַ, פָּזִיחַ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִנְזִירוּת. שְׁבוּתָה, שְׁקוּקָה, נָדַר בְּמוֹתָא, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִשְׁבוּעָה:

1.2. One who says, “konam” “qonah” or “qonas”: these are the substitutes for korban. “Herek” “herech” or “heref,” these are substitutes for herem. “Nazik” “naziah” “paziah” these are substitutes for nazirite vows. “Shevuthah” “shekukah” or one who vows with the word “mota” these are substitutes for shevuah (an oath).

158. Plutarch, Comparison of Aemilius Paulus And Timoleon, 6.3-6.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •marriage, oath sworn to censors Found in books: Hug, Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome (2023) 131

6.3. διὸ τοῖς μὲν ὁμοδούλοις ἢ ταπεινοτέροις προσφιλεῖς ἦσαν, ἐπιστάτας δὲ καὶ διόπους βασιλικοὺς καὶ ἀγελάρχας ὡς μηδὲν αὐτῶν ἀρετῇ διαφέροντας ὑπερφρονοῦντες, οὔτʼ ἀπειλῆς ἐφρόντιζον οὔτʼ ὀργῆς. ἐχρῶντο δὲ διαίταις καὶ διατριβαῖς ἐλευθερίοις, οὐ τὴν σχολὴν ἐλευθέριον ἡγούμενοι καὶ τὴν ἀπονίαν, ἀλλὰ γυμνάσια καὶ θήρας καὶ δρόμους καὶ τὸ λῃστὰς ἀλέξασθαι καὶ κλῶπας ἑλεῖν καὶ βίας ἐξελέοθαι τοὺς ἀδικουμένους. ἦσαν δὴ διὰ ταῦτα περιβόητοι.

6.3.

159. Plutarch, Comparison of Numa With Lycurgus, 3.7 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •marriage, oath sworn to censors Found in books: Hug, Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome (2023) 131

160. Plutarch, Theseus, 30 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •friends, restored by oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 99

161. Herodotus Medicus, Fragments, 1.34, 1.165, 3.65.7, 3.154, 4.68, 4.69, 4.70, 4.172, 5.92-5.93, 6.74, 6.86, 6.139.1, 7.145, 7.146, 7.147, 7.148, 9.109 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21

162. Mishnah, Sotah, 3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oath, oaths, by the tetragrammaton Found in books: Rosen-Zvi, The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash (2012) 62

163. Ammonius Grammaticus, De Adfinium Vocabulorum Differentis, a ... d\n0 15. ναύκληροι καὶ ναύκραροι ... ναύκληροι καὶ ναύκραροι\n\n[1 rows x 4 columns] (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •solon, oath attributed to Found in books: Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (2011) 58

164. Apollodorus, Epitome, 1.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •guilt,inherited, hades (pluto),oaths sworn by Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 210

1.9. ὑποθεμένου δὲ ἐκείνου, λίνον εἰσιόντι Θησεῖ δίδωσι· τοῦτο ἐξάψας Θησεὺς τῆς θύρας 6 -- ἐφελκόμενος εἰσῄει. καταλαβὼν δὲ Μινώταυρον ἐν ἐσχάτῳ μέρει τοῦ λαβυρίνθου παίων πυγμαῖς ἀπέκτεινεν, 1 -- ἐφελκόμενος δὲ τὸ λίνον πάλιν ἐξῄει. καὶ διὰ νυκτὸς μετὰ Ἀριάδνης καὶ τῶν παίδων εἰς Νάξον ἀφικνεῖται. ἔνθα Διόνυσος ἐρασθεὶς Ἀριάδνης ἥρπασε, καὶ κομίσας εἰς Λῆμνον ἐμίγη. καὶ γεννᾷ Θόαντα Στάφυλον Οἰνοπίωνα καὶ Πεπάρηθον. 2 --

1.9. And at his suggestion she gave Theseus a clue when he went in; Theseus fastened it to the door, and, drawing it after him, entered in. Compare Scholiast on Hom. Od. xi.322, Scholiast on Hom. Il. xviii.590 ; Eustathius on Hom. Od. xi.320, p. 1688 ; Diod. 4.61.4 ; Plut. Thes. 19 ; Hyginus, Fab. 42 ; Serv. Verg. A. 6.14, and on Georg. i.222 ; Lactantius Placidus on Statius, Theb. xii.676 ; Scriptores rerum mythicarum Latini, ed. Bode, i. pp. 16, 116ff. (First Vatican Mythographer 43; Second Vatican Mythographer 124) . The clearest description of the clue, with which the amorous Ariadne furnished Theseus, is given by the Scholiasts and Eustathius on Homer l.c. . From them we learn that it was a ball of thread which Ariadne had begged of Daedalus for the use of her lover. He was to fasten one end of the thread to the lintel of the door on entering into the labyrinth, and holding the ball in his hand to unwind the skein while he penetrated deeper and deeper into the maze, till he found the Minotaur asleep in the inmost recess; then he was to catch the monster by the hair and sacrifice him to Poseidon; after which he was to retrace his steps, gathering up the thread behind him as he went. According to the Scholiast on the Odyssey (l.c.), the story was told by Pherecydes, whom later authors may have copied. And having found the Minotaur in the last part of the labyrinth, he killed him by smiting him with his fists; and drawing the clue after him made his way out again. And by night he arrived with Ariadne and the children That is, the boys and girls whom he had rescued from the Minotaur. at Naxos . There Dionysus fell in love with Ariadne and carried her off; Compare Diod. 4.61.5 ; Plut. Thes. 20 ; Paus. 1.20.3 ; Paus. 10.29.4 ; Scholiast on Ap. Rhod., Argon. iii.997 ; Scholiast on Theocritus ii.45 ; Catul. 64.116ff. ; Ovid, Her. x. ; Ovid, Ars Am. i.527ff. ; Ov. Met. 8.174ff. ; Hyginus, Fab. 43 ; Serv. Verg. G. 1.222 ; Scriptores rerum mythicarum Latini, ed. Bode, i. pp. 116ff. (Second Vatican Mythographer 124) . Homer's account of the fate of Ariadne is different. He says ( Hom. Od. 11.321-325 ) that when Theseus was carrying off Ariadne from Crete to Athens she was slain by Artemis in the island of Dia at the instigation of Dionysus. Later writers, such as Diodorus Siculus identified Dia with Naxos, but it is rather “the little island, now Standia, just off Heraclaion, on the north coast of Crete . Theseus would pass the island in sailing for Athens ” ( Merry on Hom. Od. xi.322 ). Apollodorus seems to be the only extant ancient author who mentions that Dionysus carried off Ariadne from Naxos to Lemnos and had intercourse with her there. and having brought her to Lemnos he enjoyed her, and begat Thoas, Staphylus, Oenopion, and Peparethus. Compare Scholiast on Ap. Rhod., Argon. iii.997 . Others said that Ariadne bore Staphylus and Oenopion to Theseus ( Plut. Thes. 20 ).

165. Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 3.10.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •menelaus, and the suitors oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 51

166. Josephus Flavius, Against Apion, 1.254-1.255 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •earth,touching during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 117

167. Dio Chrysostom, Orations, 74.9 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, of women, in oratorical and commercial texts Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 153

168. Gellius, Attic Nights, 4.3.1-4.3.2, 5.41-5.45, 8.19-8.21, 17.21.44-17.21.45 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •marriage, oath sworn to censors •dolon,oath with hector •hector, oaths sworn by •zeus, oaths sworn to •earth,touching during oaths •head,touching during oaths •sea, touching during oaths Found in books: Hug, Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome (2023) 131; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 4, 85, 112, 143, 356

169. Aelius Aristides, The Isthmian Oration: Regarding Poseidon, 924, 304 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 116

170. Aelius Aristidesthe Isthmian Oration, The Isthmian Oration Regarding Poseidon, 924, 304 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 116

171. Pollux, Onomasticon, 8.54-8.55 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, antomosia •statues,proximity to during oaths Found in books: Martin, Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes (2009) 252; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 160

172. Aelius Aristidesthe Isthmian Oration, The Isthmian Oration Regarding Poseidon, 924, 304 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 116

173. Aelian, Varia Historia, 9.26 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hippolytus, blind oath to phaedras nurse Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 273

174. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2.32.1-2.32.2, 4.12, 5.24.10, 10.30.2 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •guilt,inherited, hades (pluto),oaths sworn by •helen of troy, suitors oath •suitors (of helen) oath •conspiratorial oaths •zeus, oaths sworn to Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 162, 208, 257, 299

2.32.1. Ἱππολύτῳ δὲ τῷ Θησέως τέμενός τε ἐπιφανέστατον ἀνεῖται καὶ ναὸς ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον. ταῦτα μὲν Διομήδην λέγουσι ποιῆσαι καὶ προσέτι θῦσαι τῷ Ἱππολύτῳ πρῶτον· Τροιζηνίοις δὲ ἱερεὺς μέν ἐστιν Ἱππολύτου τὸν χρόνον τοῦ βίου πάντα ἱερώμενος καὶ θυσίαι καθεστήκασιν ἐπέτειοι, δρῶσι δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τοιόνδε· ἑκάστη παρθένος πλόκαμον ἀποκείρεταί οἱ πρὸ γάμου, κειραμένη δὲ ἀνέθηκεν ἐς τὸν ναὸν φέρουσα. ἀποθανεῖν δὲ αὐτὸν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι συρέντα ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων οὐδὲ τὸν τάφον ἀποφαίνουσιν εἰδότες· τὸν δὲ ἐν οὐρανῷ καλούμενον ἡνίοχον, τοῦτον εἶναι νομίζουσιν ἐκεῖνον Ἱππόλυτον τιμὴν παρὰ θεῶν ταύτην ἔχοντα. 2.32.2. τούτου δὲ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου ναός ἐστιν Ἀπόλλωνος Ἐπιβατηρίου, Διομήδους ἀνάθημα ἐκφυγόντος τὸν χειμῶνα ὃς τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐπεγένετο ἀπὸ Ἰλίου κομιζομένοις· καὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τῶν Πυθίων Διομήδην πρῶτον θεῖναί φασι τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι. ἐς δὲ τὴν Δαμίαν καὶ Αὐξησίαν—καὶ γὰρ Τροιζηνίοις μέτεστιν αὐτῶν—οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν λέγουσιν ὃν Ἐπιδαύριοι καὶ Αἰγινῆται λόγον, ἀλλὰ ἀφικέσθαι παρθένους ἐκ Κρήτης· στασιασάντων δὲ ὁμοίως τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει ἁπάντων καὶ ταύτας φασὶν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντιστασιωτῶν καταλευσθῆναι, καὶ ἑορτὴν ἄγουσί σφισι Λιθοβόλια ὀνομάζοντες. 5.24.10. ὀμνύουσι δὲ καὶ ὅσοι τοὺς παῖδας ἢ τῶν ἵππων τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων τοὺς πώλους κρίνουσιν, ἐπὶ δικαίῳ καὶ ἄνευ δώρων ποιεῖσθαι κρίσιν, καὶ τὰ ἐς τὸν δοκιμαζόμενόν τε καὶ μή, φυλάξειν καὶ ταῦτα ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ. τῷ κάπρῳ δὲ ὅ τι χρῆσθαί σφισι μετὰ τῶν ἀθλητῶν τὸν ὅρκον καθέστηκεν, οὐκ ἐμνημόνευσα ἐπερέσθαι, ἐπεὶ τοῖς γε ἀρχαιοτέροις ἐπὶ ἱερεῖα ἦν καθεστηκός, ἐφʼ ᾧ τις ὅρκον ἐποιήσατο, μηδὲ ἐδώδιμον εἶναι τοῦτο ἔτι ἀνθρώπῳ. δηλοῖ δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ Ὅμηρος·

2.32.1. To Hippolytus, the son of Theseus, is devoted a very famous precinct, in which is a temple with an old image. Diomedes, they say, made these, and, moreover, was the first to sacrifice to Hippolytus. The Troezenians have a priest of Hippolytus, who holds his sacred office for life, and annual sacrifices have been established. They also observe the following custom. Every maiden before marriage cuts off a lock for Hippolytus, and, having cut it, she brings it to the temple and dedicates it. They will not have it that he was dragged to death by his horses, and, though they know his grave, they do not show it. But they believe that what is called the Charioteer in the sky is the Hippolytus of the legend, such being the honor he enjoys from the gods. 2.32.2. Within this enclosure is a temple of Apollo Seafaring, an offering of Diomedes for having weathered the storm that came upon the Greeks as they were returning from Troy . They say that Diomedes was also the first to hold the Pythian games in honor of Apollo. of Damia and Auxesia (for the Troezenians, too, share in their worship) they do not give the same account as the Epidaurians and Aeginetans, but say that they were maidens who came from Crete . A general insurrection having arisen in the city, these too, they say, were stoned to death by the opposite party; and they hold a festival in their honor that they call Stoning. 5.24.10. An oath is also taken by those who examine the boys, or the foals entering for races, that they will decide fairly and without taking bribes, and that they will keep secret what they learn about a candidate, whether accepted or not. I forgot to inquire what it is customary to do with the boar after the oath of the athletes, though the ancient custom about victims was that no human being might eat of that on which an oath had been sworn.

175. Lucian, Toxaris Or Friendship, 11-12, 19, 24, 38, 56 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Mheallaigh, Reading Fiction with Lucian: Fakes, Freaks and Hyperreality (2014) 69, 70

176. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 2.17.4 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oaths, god’s oath to david Found in books: Williams, Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I: (Sects 1-46) (2009) 123

2.17.4. Whether Philo himself gave them this name, employing an epithet well suited to their mode of life, or whether the first of them really called themselves so in the beginning, since the name of Christians was not yet everywhere known, we need not discuss here.

177. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Metzia, 6a, 5a (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 149

178. Babylonian Talmud, Nedarim, 14b (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •torah, holding during an oath Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 138

179. Babylonian Talmud, Shevuot, 35a, 38b, 40b (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 149

180. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah, 7b (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •oath, oaths, by the tetragrammaton Found in books: Rosen-Zvi, The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash (2012) 62

7b. וקטליאות נזמים וטבעות מעבירין ממנה כדי לנוולה ואחר כך מביא חבל מצרי וקושרו למעלה מדדיה,וכל הרוצה לראות בא לראות חוץ מעבדיה ושפחותיה מפני שלבה גס בהן וכל הנשים מותרות לראותה שנאמר (יחזקאל כג, מח) ונוסרו כל הנשים ולא תעשינה כזמתכנה,

7b. or chokers [katliyot], or nose rings, or finger rings, they removed them from her in order to render her unattractive. And afterward the priest would bring an Egyptian rope fashioned from palm fibers, and he would tie it above her breasts.,And anyone who desires to watch her may come to watch, except for her slaves and maidservants, who are not permitted to watch because her heart is emboldened by them, as seeing one’s slaves reinforces one’s feeling of pride, and their presence may cause her to maintain her innocence. And all of the women are permitted to watch her, as it is stated: “Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness” (Ezekiel 23:48).,halakha that the sota is brought before the Sanhedrin: From where are these matters derived? Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Gamda says that Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says: This is derived by means of a verbal analogy between the words “tora” and “tora.” It is written here, with regard to a sota: “And the priest shall execute upon her all this law [tora]” (Numbers 5:30), and it is written there, with regard to a rebellious Elder, who must go to the place chosen by God and follow the ruling of the Sanhedrin: “According to the law [tora] that they shall teach you” (Deuteronomy 17:11). Just as there the verse is referring to what occurs in the presence of the Sanhedrin of seventy-one judges, so too here, with regard to a sota, the verse is referring to what occurs in the presence of the Sanhedrin of seventy-one judges.,§ The mishna teaches: And they threaten her in order that she admit her sin, to obviate the need to erase God’s name. And the Gemara raises a contradiction from that which was taught in a baraita in the Tosefta (1:6): In the same manner that they threaten her so that she will not drink, so too, they threaten her so that she will drink, as they say to her: My daughter, if the matter is clear to you that you are pure, arise for the sake of your clear position and drink. If you are innocent you have nothing to fear, because the bitter water is similar only to a dry poison placed on the flesh. If there is a wound there, the poison will penetrate and enter the blood stream, but if there is no wound there, it does not have any effect. This teaches that the woman is warned not to drink if she is guilty, but if she is not guilty she is encouraged to drink. There is no mention of the latter in the mishna.,The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. Here the mishna is referring to before the scroll was erased, and at that point the woman is warned only not to drink if she is guilty, so that the name of God will not be erased. There the baraita is referring to after the scroll was erased. Then she is warned that if she is innocent she should drink because if she now refuses to drink, it will turn out that the scroll was erased for no purpose.,§ The mishna teaches: And the judge says in her presence matters that are not worthy of being heard by her and all her father’s family in order to encourage her to admit her sin. The Gemara cites a baraita that details what was said. The Sages taught in a baraita: The judge says in her presence words of homiletical interpretation and mentions incidents that happened to previous generations that are recorded in the early prophetic writings. For example, they expound the following verse: “That wise men told and did not hide from their fathers” (Job 15:18); this teaches that even during the time of the forefathers, there were people who admitted their sins despite the shame they incurred.,For example, Judah admitted that he sinned with Tamar and was not embarrassed to do so, and what was his end? He inherited the life of the World-to-Come. Reuben admitted that he lay with his father’s concubine Bilhah and was not embarrassed, and what was his end? He too inherited the life of the World-to-Come. The Gemara asks: And what is their reward? The Gemara interjects: What is their reward? Their reward was clearly as we say, that they inherited the life of the World-to-Come. The Gemara clarifies: Rather, the second question was: What is their reward in this world? The Gemara answers by citing the next verse in the book of Job: “To them alone the land was given, and no stranger passed among them” (Job 15:19). Judah was given the kingship, and Reuben inherited a portion of land in the Transjordan before the other tribes.,The Gemara questions the source for Reuben’s admission. Granted, with regard to Judah we have found a source that he admitted his sin with Tamar, as it is written: “And Judah acknowledged them and said: She is more righteous than I” (Genesis 38:26). Judah admitted that he was the one who had impregnated Tamar. But from where do we derive that Reuben admitted his sin?,The Gemara answers: It is as Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says that Rabbi Yoḥa says: What is the meaning of that which is written concerning Reuben and Judah in Moses’ blessing of the tribes at the end of his life: “Let Reuben live and not die in that his men become few” (Deuteronomy 33:6), and immediately afterward, in the following verse, it is stated: “And this for Judah, and he said: Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah, and bring him in unto his people; his hands shall contend for him, and You shall be a help against his adversaries” (Deuteronomy 33:7). What is the connection between the blessing of Reuben and that of Judah, juxtaposed with the conjunction “and”?,Rabbi Yoḥa says: All those years that the Jewish people were in the desert, the bones of Judah, which the Jewish people took with them from Egypt along with the bones of his brothers, were rolling around in the coffin, until Moses arose and asked for compassion on Judah’s behalf. Moses said before God: Master of the Universe, who served as the impetus for Reuben that he admit his sin, through which he merited a blessing and was not excluded from the count of the twelve sons of Jacob (see Genesis 35:22)? It was Judah, as Reuben saw him confess his sin, and thereby did the same. Moses continues in the next verse: “And this for Judah,” as if to say: Is this Judah’s reward for serving as an example of confessing to one’s sins, that his bones roll around?,Immediately after Moses prayed, the verse states: “Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah” (Deuteronomy 33:7). His bones then entered their sockets [shafa], and his skeleton was reassembled. But the angels still did not elevate him into the heavenly study hall. Moses then prayed: “And bring him in unto his people” (Deuteronomy 33:7), i.e., those in the heavenly study hall. This prayer was accepted, but he still did not know how to deliberate in Torah matters with the heavenly sages. Moses then prayed: “His hands shall contend for him” (Deuteronomy 33:7), meaning that he should have the ability to contend with them in study. But still he was unable to draw conclusions from his discussion in accordance with the halakha. Moses then prayed: “And You shall be a help against his adversaries” (Deuteronomy 33:7).,The Gemara discusses the propriety of admitting one’s sins in public. Granted, with regard to Judah, it was proper that he admitted his sin in public, as he did so in order that Tamar not be burned innocently. But why did Reuben admit his sin in public? But didn’t Rav Sheshet say: I consider one who specifies his sins in public to be brazen, as one who does so indicates that he is not embarrassed by his actions? The Gemara answers: The reason he admitted his sin in public was in order that his brothers should not be suspected of having committed the deed.,§ The mishna teaches: If after the judge’s warning she says: I am defiled, she writes a receipt for her marriage contract. The Gemara comments: You can learn from this mishna that one writes a receipt to serve as proof that a debt has been paid rather than tearing the promissory note. This matter is the subject of a dispute between the tanna’im in tractate Bava Batra (170b).,Abaye said: Teach in the mishna differently. Rather than understanding that she writes a receipt, explain it to mean: She tears her marriage contract. Rava said to him: But the mishna teaches explicitly that she writes a receipt. Rather, to explain the mishna, Rava said: We are dealing with a place in which they do not write a marriage contract, as they rely on the rabbinical ordice that all wives are entitled to the sum of a standard marriage contract upon divorce or being widowed, even if no marriage contract has been written. Because there is no marriage contract to tear, a receipt is written so that the man can prove that he no longer has a monetary obligation. However, generally, it is possible that the document would be torn, and no proof can be adduced from this mishna.,§ The mishna teaches: But if after the warning she maintains her innocence and says: I am pure, they would bring her up to the Eastern Gate. The Gemara asks: Would they bring her up?

181. Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 4.88 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

183. Epigraphy, Ml, 72, 53 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (2011) 174

184. Andocides, Orations, 4 Tagged with subjects: •oaths, of women, in oratorical and commercial texts Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 151

186. Anon., Hippocratic Oath, 0 Tagged with subjects: •aetolian oaths •dolon,oath with hector, doxa (reputation),importance of •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 21, 377

188. Epigraphy, Seg, 22.508, 26.121, 48.96, 54.57 Tagged with subjects: •solon, oath attributed to •dolon,oath with hector, doxa (reputation),importance of Found in books: Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (2011) 58, 174; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 377

54.57. IV name as demarch handed over total of money of Dionysos at least 2,000 dr. total of Ikarios 2,107 dr. 1/2 obol total of hosios (money) 26,933 dr. 4 obols. V (5)name as demarch handed over total of money of Dionysos [4?],600 dr., total of Ikarios at least 2,100 dr. 1 obol total of hosios (money) [24?],002 dr. 4 obols. VI name as demarch handed over total of money of Dionysos [at least 4,000 dr.?], total of money of Ikarios over 2,120 dr. (10)total of hosios money 25,122 dr. I name as demarch handed over total of money of Dionysos sum over 4,000? and ending in 16 dr. 3 obols, of hosios money total 26,288 dr. 3 obols. II (15)name as demarch handed over total of money of Dionysos sum over 4,000? and ending in 66 dr. 4 obols, of hosios money total 26,697 dr. of money [for Ikarios?] total (20) sum ending in 2 obols. III name as demarch handed over of the hosios money total at least 26,000 dr. of money of Dionysos total at least 3,500 dr. of money of Ikarios total (25) - text from Attic Inscriptions Online, SEG 54.57 - Ficial accounts of the deme Ikarion

189. Epigraphy, Ils, 8393 Tagged with subjects: •marriage, oath sworn to censors Found in books: Hug, Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome (2023) 131

190. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 1237.74, 1237.75, 1237.76, 1237.77, 1237.78, 1237.79, 1237.80, 1237.81, 1237.82, 1237.83, 1237.84, 1237.85, 1237.86, 1237.87, 1237.88, 1237.89, 1237.90, 1237.91, 1237.92, 1237.93, 1237.94, 1237.95, 1237.96, 1237.97, 1237.98, 1237.99, 1237.100, 1237.101, 1237.102, 1237.103, 1237.104, 1237.105, 1237.106, 1237.107, 1237.108, 1237.109, 1237.110, 1237.111, 1237.112, 1237.113, 1196 a 8-13, 1196 b 5-22, 1361, 1593 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 13

191. Sophocles, Gathering of The Achaeans, fr.144 Tagged with subjects: •helen of troy, suitors oath •menelaus, and the suitors oath •absent oaths, and the suitors oath •suitors (of helen) oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 89

192. Epigraphy, Ic Iv, 72.ii.45, 72.iii.5-12 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 164

193. Epigraphy, Cil, 6.41062 Tagged with subjects: •marriage, oath sworn to censors Found in books: Hug, Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome (2023) 131

194. Thucydides, Characters, 2.71.2, 2.71.4, 4.32, 4.87.2-4.87.3, 5.23.4, 5.47.1 Tagged with subjects: •earth,touching during oaths •arrows as oath guarantors •dionysus, oaths sworn to •arbitrators oaths •non-divine witnesses to oaths •aetolian oaths •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 4, 21, 126, 138

195. Aeschylus, Diktyoulkoi, fr.47a.765.6 Tagged with subjects: •oaths to Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 211

196. Isocrates, Odyssey, 1.13 Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, on oaths •oaths, aristotle on Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 157

197. Diodorus Siculus, Fragments, [G] V B, 10.9.1-10.9.2 Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, on oaths •oaths, aristotle on Found in books: Mikalson, Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy (2010) 156

199. Andocides, Orations, 1.31, 1.96-1.98, 1.126, 3.15 Tagged with subjects: •aetolian oaths •history and oaths •leotychidas of sparta, leto,oaths of •informal oaths, in historical texts •oaths, of women, in oratorical and commercial texts Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 151; Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 13, 21, 316

200. Rh., Pol., 1377a15, 1377a16, 1377a12 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin, Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes (2009) 260

201. Epigraphy, Ig I , 3.6-3.10, 42.4-42.6, 83.26-83.28 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 13, 21, 137, 160

203. Deinarchus, Fgrh, 3.2 Tagged with subjects: •arbitrators oaths •statues,proximity to during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 137

204. Hellanicus, Troica, troica Tagged with subjects: •helen of troy, suitors oath •suitors (of helen) oath Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 299

205. Aristotle, Tit., tit. 143, 1 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan

206. Epigraphy, Athenian Agora, 29 l4a.69-81 Tagged with subjects: •arbitrators oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 73

208. Plato, Rivals, rivals Tagged with subjects: •history and oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 317

209. Epigraphy, Agora Xix, p5, l4b Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (2011) 174

210. Epigraphy, Iv, 4 72 Tagged with subjects: •statues,proximity to during oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 164

211. Epigraphy, Rhodes & Osborne Ghi, 88.39-88.46 Tagged with subjects: •leotychidas of sparta, leto,oaths of Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 13

212. Epigraphy, Law Code of Gortyn, 3.5-3.9 Tagged with subjects: •oaths, challenges to, and women •oaths, of women, in oratorical and commercial texts Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 152

214. Papyri, P.Yadin, 16 Tagged with subjects: •oaths, of women, in oratorical and commercial texts Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 153

216. Pythagoras, Rhetorica Ad Alexandrum, 15.7.2, 15.7.3, rhetorica ad alexandrum Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 320

218. Herodas, Fragments, 1.32 Tagged with subjects: •non-divine witnesses to oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 320

219. Photius, Bibliotheca (Library, Bibl.), a b c d\n0 15. ναύκραροι 15. ναύκραροι 15 ναύκραροι Tagged with subjects: •solon, oath attributed to Found in books: Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (2011) 58

220. Philonides Cretensis, Fragments, fr.7 Tagged with subjects: •duplicitous oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 88

221. Lycophron, Letters, 162, 219 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

223. Anon., Iambica Adespota, 57 Tagged with subjects: •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 80, 318

224. Various, Comica Adespota, 1062.11-1062.13, 1117.4 Tagged with subjects: •guilt,inherited, hades (pluto),oaths sworn by •non-divine witnesses to oaths •castor and pollux (twin gods),oaths, invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 207, 321, 324

225. Eubulus, Chrysilla, fr.60 Tagged with subjects: •non-divine witnesses to oaths Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 320

226. Sophocles, Trackers, fr.314.118-19 Tagged with subjects: •guilt,inherited, hades (pluto),oaths sworn by Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 210

227. Sophocles, Atreus, fr.140 Tagged with subjects: •darkness (skotos),oaths invoking Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 116

228. Tragica Adespota, Fragments, 145b, 123a Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 318

229. Damascius, Orations, 29.26, 39.3-39.4, 39.26, 40.10-40.11, 45.58-45.61, 49.57, 49.65, 52.30, 54.40-54.41, 55.27, 57.59 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ashbrook Harvey et al., A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer (2015) 148, 149, 152

230. Aeschylus, Theoroi, fr.78c.1 radt, fr.192.1-2 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 210

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database