The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

Results for
Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

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All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
justification	Albrecht (2014), The Divine Father: Religious and Philosophical Concepts of Divine Parenthood in Antiquity, 246, 272, 273 Despotis and Lohr (2022), Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions, 283, 285, 294, 354, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364 Fisch, (2023), Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash, 32, 68, 96, 149 Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 187, 307 Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 8, 11, 190, 191, 245, 254 O'Daly (2020), Augustine's City of God: A Reader's Guide (2nd edn), 255, 256 Osborne (2001), Irenaeus of Lyons, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104
justification, by faith	Morgan (2022), The New Testament and the Theology of Trust: 'This Rich Trust', 280, 281
justification, for murder of c. gracchus, opimius, l.	Walters (2020), Imagery of the Body Politic in Ciceronian Rome, 40, 43
justification, for, synagogues, jewish, anti-traditionalist legislation as	Kraemer (2020), The Mediterranean Diaspora in Late Antiquity: What Christianity Cost the Jews, 182, 183
justification, in new testament	Damm (2018), Religions and Education in Antiquity, 113, 114, 115, 116, 122, 124
justification, justice, and augustine’s theory of	Hoenig (2018), Plato's Timaeus and the Latin Tradition, 266, 267
justification, of antigone	Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 345, 349
justification, of commands	Gwynne (2004), Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur'an: God's Arguments, 60, 61
justification, of creon	Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 337
justification, of god’s judgment, theodicy	Avemarie, van Henten, and Furstenberg (2023), Jewish Martyrdom in Antiquity, 183, 184, 187, 194, 195, 196, 199, 234, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 382, 419
justification, of it, slavery, beneficial and just for the slaves	Isaac (2004), The invention of racism in classical antiquity, 172, 173
justification, of odysseus	Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 368
justification, of oedipus	Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 451, 452, 760
justification, of violence	Yates and Dupont (2020), The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part I: Commencement to the Confessiones of Augustine (ca. 180 to 400 CE), 195, 204, 205
justification, or triumph, crown, of	Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 159, 357
justification, persecution	Ployd (2023), Augustine, Martyrdom, and Classical Rhetoric, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106
justification, temple, for, in biblical tradition	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 89
justifications, for acceptance, sabine estate, gifted to horace by maecenas	Yona (2018), Epicurean Ethics in Horace: The Psychology of Satire, 236, 237, 238
justifications, for, fornication	Monnickendam (2020), Jewish Law and Early Christian Identity: Betrothal, Marriage, and Infidelity in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian, 113
justifications, for, wealth	Yona (2018), Epicurean Ethics in Horace: The Psychology of Satire, 236, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244, 249
justifications, kilayim, for, lack of	Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 133, 134
justifications, of murder of appuleius saturninus, l.	Walters (2020), Imagery of the Body Politic in Ciceronian Rome, 42
justify, justification,	Karfíková (2012), Grace and the Will According to Augustine, 51, 52, 54, 58, 60, 61, 75, 76, 78, 81, 110, 116, 121, 124, 126, 128, 136, 176, 182, 183, 184, 186, 198, 227, 245, 257, 259, 262, 274, 279, 312, 338

List of validated texts:

7 validated results for "justification"

1. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 15.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • justification

Found in books: Despotis and Lohr (2022), Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions, 358; Fisch, (2023), Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash, 32

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15.6 וְהֶאֱמִן בַּיהוָה וַיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ לּוֹ צְדָקָה׃'' None

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15.6 And he believed in the LORD; and He counted it to him for righteousness.'' None

2. Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonus, 266-272 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • justification, of Oedipus • trials and tribunals, justified homicide

Found in books: Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 451; Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 147

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266 Not, surely, afraid of my person or of my acts; since my acts, at least, have been in suffering rather than doing—if I must mention the tale of my mother and my father, because of which you fear me. That know I full well.'²⁶⁷ Not, surely, afraid of my person or of my acts; since my acts, at least, have been in suffering rather than doing—if I must mention the tale of my mother and my father, because of which you fear me. That know I full well. ²⁷⁰ And yet how was I innately evil? I, who was merely requiting a wrong, so that, had I been acting with knowledge, even then I could not be accounted evil. But, as it was, all unknowing I went where I went—while they who wronged me knowingly sought my ruin. ' None

3. New Testament, Galatians, 4.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Justification • justification

Found in books: Albrecht (2014), The Divine Father: Religious and Philosophical Concepts of Divine Parenthood in Antiquity, 246; Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 8

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4.4 ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου, ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον,'' None

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4.4 But when the fullness of the time came,God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law, '' None

4. New Testament, Romans, 4.25, 5.18, 6.1, 6.4, 8.15-8.16, 10.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Justification • justification • justify, justification

Found in books: Albrecht (2014), The Divine Father: Religious and Philosophical Concepts of Divine Parenthood in Antiquity, 246, 272, 273; Despotis and Lohr (2022), Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions, 358, 363; Fisch, (2023), Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash, 32, 68; Karfíková (2012), Grace and the Will According to Augustine, 52, 75, 116, 176; Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 8, 190, 191, 245, 254

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4.25 ὃςπαρεδόθη διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα ἡμῶν καὶ ἠγέρθη διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν ἡμῶν. ^5.18 Ἄρα οὖν ὡς διʼ ἑνὸς παραπτώματος εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἰς κατάκριμα, οὕτως καὶ διʼ ἑνὸς δικαιώματος εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἰς δικαίωσιν ζωῆς· ^6.1 Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; ἐπιμένωμεν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, ἵνα ἡ χάρις πλεονάσῃ; ^6.4 συνετάφημεν οὖν αὐτῷ διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος εἰς τὸν θάνατον, ἵνα ὥσπερ ἠγέρθη Χριστὸς ἐκ νεκρῶν διὰ τῆς δόξης τοῦ πατρός, οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς περιπατήσωμεν. ^8.15 οὐ γὰρ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα δουλείας πάλιν εἰς φόβον, ἀλλὰ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας, ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν ^8.16 Ἀββά ὁ πατήρ· αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα συνμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν ὅτι ἐσμὲν τέκνα θεοῦ. ^10.9 ὅτι ἐὰν ὁμολογήσῃςτὸ ῥῆμα ἐν τῷ στόματί σουὅτι ΚΥΡΙΟΣ ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, καὶ πιστεύσῃςἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σουὅτι ὁ θεὸς αὐτὸν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν, σωθήσῃ·' ' None

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4.25 who was delivered up for our trespasses, and was raised for our justification. ^5.18 So then as through one trespass, all men were condemned; even so through one act of righteousness, all men were justified to life. ^6.1 What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? ^6.4 We were buried therefore with him through baptism to death, that just like Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also might walk in newness of life. ^8.15 For you didn\'t receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption, by whom we cry, "Abba! Father!" ^8.16 The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God; ^10.9 that if you will confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus, and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. ' ' None

5. New Testament, Matthew, 5.21-5.24, 5.44, 5.48, 6.12, 6.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Justification • justification • kilayim, justifications for, lack of

Found in books: Albrecht (2014), The Divine Father: Religious and Philosophical Concepts of Divine Parenthood in Antiquity, 273; Despotis and Lohr (2022), Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions, 283, 294; Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 133; O'Daly (2020), Augustine's City of God: A Reader's Guide (2nd edn), 255, 256

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5.21 Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις Οὐ φονεύσεις· ὃς δʼ ἂν φονεύσῃ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει. ^5.22 Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει· ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ Ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ συνεδρίῳ· ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ Μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός. ^5.23 ἐὰν οὖν προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κἀκεῖ μνησθῇς ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ, ^5.24 ἄφες ἐκεῖ τὸ δῶρόν σου ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, καὶ ὕπαγε πρῶτον διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, καὶ τότε ἐλθὼν πρόσφερε τὸ δῶρόν σου. ^5.44 Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς· ^5.48 Ἔσεσθε οὖν ὑμεῖς τέλειοι ὡς ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος τέλειός ἐστιν. ^6.12 καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν· ^6.14 Ἐὰν γὰρ ἀφῆτε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν, ἀφήσει καὶ ὑμῖν ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος·'' None

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5.21 "You have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, \'You shall not murder;\' and \'Whoever shall murder shall be in danger of the judgment.\ "^5.22 But I tell you, that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment; and whoever shall say to his brother, 'Raca!' shall be in danger of the council; and whoever shall say, 'You fool!' shall be in danger of the fire of Gehenna. " '^5.23 "If therefore you are offering your gift at the altar, and there remember that your brother has anything against you, ^5.24 leave your gift there before the altar, and go your way. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift. ^5.44 But I tell you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you, ^5.48 Therefore you shall be perfect, just as your Father in heaven is perfect. ^6.12 Forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors. ^6.14 "For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. '' None

6. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • New Testament, justification in • justification

Found in books: Damm (2018), Religions and Education in Antiquity, 122; Fisch, (2023), Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash, 149

7. Demosthenes, Orations, 23.53
Tagged with subjects: • killing, justified • trials and tribunals, justified homicide

Found in books: Riess (2012), Performing interpersonal violence: court, curse, and comedy in fourth-century BCE Athens, 36; Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 135

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23.53 Read another statute. Statute If a man kill another unintentionally in an athletic contest, or overcoming him in a fight on the highway, or unwittingly in battle, or in intercourse with his wife, or mother, or sister, or daughter, or concubine kept for procreation of legitimate children, he shall not go into exile as a manslayer on that account. Many statutes have been violated, men of Athens, in the drafting of this decree, but none more gravely than that which has just been read. Though the law so clearly gives permission to slay, and states under what conditions, the defendant ignores all those conditions, and has drawn his penal clause without any suggestion as to the manner of the slaying.'' None

Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database