The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

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All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
abaton/incubation, stoa, epidauros asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 124, 127, 130, 131, 133
incubant, women, martha, healed	Huebner and Laes (2019) 315, 316
incubate, at epidauros, troizen asklepieion, testimony about worshiper urged to	Renberg (2017) 10, 124, 125
incubating, dodona, sanctuary of zeus, selloi/helloi possibly	Renberg (2017) 100, 101, 314, 315, 617
incubating, for themselves, incubation, priests	Renberg (2017) 613
incubating, oropos amphiareion, public identification of those	Renberg (2017) 276, 277
incubation	Borg (2008) 279, 282 Bortolani et al (2019) 18, 35, 37, 99, 165, 166, 173, 177, 185 Edmonds (2019) 218, 219 Ekroth (2013) 142 Griffiths (1975) 139, 272, 332 Harkins and Maier (2022) 167 Huttner (2013) 209, 358, 359 Jouanna (2012) 68 Ker and Wessels (2020) 115, 119 Luck (2006) 185, 212, 263, 287 Lupu(2005) 10, 16, 17, 246, 247, 339 Marek (2019) 497, 518 Mueller (2002) 53 Russell and Nesselrath (2014) 83, 84 Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 9, 78, 124, 128, 130, 132, 135, 148 Trapp et al (2016) 62, 92, 95, 105, 112, 113, 115, 129, 133, 134 Wilding (2022) 16, 40, 45, 65, 68, 69, 73, 74, 75, 93
incubation, abstention from beans	Renberg (2017) 625, 626
incubation, abydos memnonion, and proxy	Renberg (2017) 615
incubation, abydos memnonion, claim of therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 488, 489, 490
incubation, abydos memnonion, lunar festivals and	Renberg (2017) 738, 739
incubation, abydos memnonion, osiris-sarapis and divinatory	Renberg (2017) 33, 485, 486, 488, 491, 492, 495, 496, 497
incubation, aiane, sanctuary of pluto, speculation regarding	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, akaraka charonion and ploutonion, fasting before	Renberg (2017) 296, 625
incubation, akaraka charonion and ploutonion, priestly	Renberg (2017) 296, 297, 617
incubation, alexandria sarapieion, and	Renberg (2017) 333, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 343, 380, 381, 382, 727
incubation, among healing miracles, menas, saint, lack of evidence for	Renberg (2017) 746, 747, 769, 770
incubation, amphiaraos, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315
incubation, amphiaraos, sought for both divinatory and therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 103, 104, 311
incubation, amphiaraos, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295
incubation, amphikleia, temple of dionysos, practiced, ?	Renberg (2017) 30, 303, 304
incubation, ancient near eastern	Renberg (2017) 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73
incubation, ancient near eastern, absence of physical evidence	Renberg (2017) 37
incubation, ancient near eastern, beside miṭirtu-canal	Renberg (2017) 39, 73
incubation, ancient near eastern, by cult personnel	Renberg (2017) 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 735
incubation, ancient near eastern, by hittite leather-worker	Renberg (2017) 46, 64, 735
incubation, ancient near eastern, by ordinary individuals	Renberg (2017) 63, 64, 65, 66
incubation, ancient near eastern, by proxy	Renberg (2017) 616
incubation, ancient near eastern, by royalty	Renberg (2017) 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 735
incubation, ancient near eastern, by royalty, in early literature	Renberg (2017) 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 735
incubation, ancient near eastern, cross-cultural influences	Renberg (2017) 37, 38, 71, 72
incubation, ancient near eastern, during festivals	Renberg (2017) 44, 53, 64, 73, 735
incubation, ancient near eastern, fertility-related	Renberg (2017) 51, 52, 610, 611, 612
incubation, ancient near eastern, grain-based offerings incubation, , maṣḫatu, maššakku, preceding	Renberg (2017) 73
incubation, ancient near eastern, in reed, hut	Renberg (2017) 39, 40, 41
incubation, ancient near eastern, necromantic, hittite	Renberg (2017) 32, 53, 735
incubation, ancient near eastern, overview of rituals and procedures	Renberg (2017) 72, 73
incubation, ancient near eastern, role of magic circle	Renberg (2017) 41
incubation, ancient near eastern, role of reed gate	Renberg (2017) 39, 40
incubation, ancient near eastern, sleeping atop garments	Renberg (2017) 73
incubation, ancient near eastern, sleeping near cult statue	Renberg (2017) 52, 53, 60
incubation, ancient near eastern, sleeping near offering table	Renberg (2017) 72
incubation, ancient near eastern, sleeping on roof	Renberg (2017) 72, 73, 736
incubation, ancient near eastern, use of incense	Renberg (2017) 73
incubation, ancient near incubation, eastern, purifications preceding	Renberg (2017) 73
incubation, ancient near incubation, eastern, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 64, 65, 66
incubation, and autosuggestion	Renberg (2017) 614
incubation, and chronic ailments, incubation, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 23
incubation, and chthonic divinities	Renberg (2017) 30, 31, 32, 33, 744
incubation, and medical fees	Renberg (2017) 171, 195, 261, 262, 264, 265, 288, 349, 354, 355, 356, 357, 369
incubation, and other forms of divination, incubation, sanctuaries with both	Renberg (2017) 28
incubation, and use of oropos amphiareion, ram sacrifice preceding skin ?	Renberg (2017) 253, 254, 255, 256, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 314, 315
incubation, and, dream	Lupu(2005) 246
incubation, antinoopolis, church d3 associated with	Renberg (2017) 772
incubation, antinous, and therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 514, 515, 518
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, absence of hygieia	Renberg (2017) 224
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, altar with cakes and other preliminary offerings	Renberg (2017) 238, 249, 251
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, and question of sexes sleeping separately	Renberg (2017) 630
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, asklepios accompanied by daughters	Renberg (2017) 223, 224, 239
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, asklepios accompanied by serpents	Renberg (2017) 135, 215, 239
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, asklepios described as sitting	Renberg (2017) 225
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, asklepios employing medicine	Renberg (2017) 230
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, asklepios healing by touch	Renberg (2017) 221
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, celebration after cure	Renberg (2017) 260
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, cure achieved overnight	Renberg (2017) 216
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, date of play	Renberg (2017) 137
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, evidence for bedding materials brought from home	Renberg (2017) 258, 284
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, lamps extinguished by temple servant	Renberg (2017) 238, 259, 308, 309
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, preliminary use of water	Renberg (2017) 185, 240, 241, 242
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, problem of setting at athens or peiraeus	Renberg (2017) 135, 136, 182, 185, 630
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, summary of scene	Renberg (2017) 238, 239
incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, use of stibades	Renberg (2017) 238, 239, 259
incubation, as alternative to failed medical treatment, incubation, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 23
incubation, as alternative to other forms of divination	Renberg (2017) 28
incubation, asklepieia, bedding materials for	Renberg (2017) 222, 223, 239, 258, 259
incubation, asklepieia, benches/couches and	Renberg (2017) 125, 131, 165, 259
incubation, asklepieia, giving of medical fees following	Renberg (2017) 171, 195, 261, 262, 264, 265, 288
incubation, asklepieia, monetary payments preceding	Renberg (2017) 253
incubation, asklepieia, presence of companions during	Renberg (2017) 225, 226, 631, 696
incubation, asklepieia, problem of stoas, and other structures, as evidence for	Renberg (2017) 124, 125, 148, 149, 163, 164, 165
incubation, asklepieia, purity requirements for	Renberg (2017) 197, 210, 211, 212, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 625, 626, 627
incubation, asklepieia, question of what was worn during	Renberg (2017) 259
incubation, asklepieia, rapid cures not involving	Renberg (2017) 214
incubation, asklepieia, repetition of unsuccessful	Renberg (2017) 261
incubation, asklepieia, role of mnemosyne in	Renberg (2017) 250, 251
incubation, asklepieia, structural evidence for	Renberg (2017) 124, 125, 127, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 153, 154, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165
incubation, asklepieia, thesauroi and	Renberg (2017) 163, 164, 253, 261, 262
incubation, asklepieia, use of stibades for	Renberg (2017) 238, 258, 259, 644
incubation, asklepieia, written evidence for	Renberg (2017) 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213
incubation, asklepios and reliefs, accompanied by related divinities	Renberg (2017) 223, 224, 225
incubation, asklepios and reliefs, applying healing touch	Renberg (2017) 219, 220
incubation, asklepios and reliefs, observing related divinity treating patient	Renberg (2017) 225
incubation, asklepios and reliefs, question of reliefs accurately representing dreams	Renberg (2017) 221, 223, 224, 225
incubation, asklepios and reliefs, representation of animal skins and bedding materials	Renberg (2017) 221, 222, 223, 255, 256, 258
incubation, asklepios and reliefs, representation of patients family members	Renberg (2017) 225, 226
incubation, asklepios of aegae in epidauros dedication, literary evidence for	Renberg (2017) 9, 209
incubation, asklepios, comparison with christian	Renberg (2017) 747, 759, 773, 778, 790, 791, 792, 793, 795, 802
incubation, asklepios, epigraphical terms for	Renberg (2017) 10, 11
incubation, asklepios, factors necessitating	Renberg (2017) 214
incubation, at abydos, bes and dionysos cult, and divinatory	Renberg (2017) 485, 486, 488, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 506
incubation, at abydos, bes and dionysos cult, and priestly	Renberg (2017) 494
incubation, at abydos, bes and dionysos cult, and proxy	Renberg (2017) 493, 494
incubation, at abû maqâr monastery, wâdî natrûn, claim of	Renberg (2017) 776
incubation, at alexandrian vespasian, divinatory sarapieion, ?	Renberg (2017) 381
incubation, at amphiaraos, outdoors thebes, ?	Renberg (2017) 669, 670
incubation, at antinoopolis church kollouthos, saint, claim of kôm	Renberg (2017) 773, 774, 775
incubation, at antinoopolis, kollouthos, saint, miracle tales associated with	Renberg (2017) 733, 734, 747, 773, 774, 775
incubation, at apollo sanctuary and ploutonion, hierapolis, phrygia, claims of	Renberg (2017) 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538
incubation, at asklepieia, asklepieia, jerome on	Renberg (2017) 256, 257
incubation, at asklepieia, incubation, christian, compared with	Renberg (2017) 747, 759, 773, 778, 790, 791, 792, 793, 795, 802
incubation, at baal-shamim babylon, therapeutic sanctuary, ?	Renberg (2017) 24, 309, 756
incubation, at beer jacob, sheva, ?	Renberg (2017) 68, 69
incubation, at brioude tomb, julian of brioude, saint, claim of	Renberg (2017) 785, 801
incubation, at byzantine church, dora/tel dor, claim of	Renberg (2017) 540, 541, 542
incubation, at church of apostle philip, hierapolis, phrygia, claim of	Renberg (2017) 760
incubation, at church of john the asklepios temple, baptist, ?	Renberg (2017) 779, 780
incubation, at church of peter at justinian, athyra, ?	Renberg (2017) 747, 758, 759
incubation, at colosse, michael, archangel, claim of	Renberg (2017) 790
incubation, at constantinople church of the mary, mother of jesus, pege, ?	Renberg (2017) 765
incubation, at constantinople church of theotokos ton mary, mother of jesus, kyrou, ?	Renberg (2017) 765
incubation, at cyrrus kosmas and damian, saints, shrine, ?	Renberg (2017) 756, 763, 799, 800
incubation, at deir el-bahari over two nights, thotortaios, son of pachoy, servant at karnak	Renberg (2017) 466, 472, 477, 479
incubation, at deir el-bahari, thotortaios, son of pachoy, servant at karnak, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 96, 453, 454, 466, 497, 498, 499, 501, 502
incubation, at egyptian church, michael, archangel, claim of	Renberg (2017) 777
incubation, at epidauros	Eisenfeld (2022) 222
incubation, at faunus oracle, numa	Renberg (2017) 241, 259, 617, 679
incubation, at golgotha, jerusalem, claim of	Renberg (2017) 759
incubation, at haroeris temple in dream of nektanebos, demotic prophecy of petesis, sequel, ?	Renberg (2017) 85
incubation, at hermoupolis magna, thoth, evidence for	Renberg (2017) 502, 503, 504
incubation, at iolaos heroon, sardinia, claim of	Renberg (2017) 109, 526
incubation, at isis nepherses temple, soknopaiou nesos, speculation regarding	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, at jacob, bethel, ?	Renberg (2017) 69, 70, 71
incubation, at justinian, kosmidion, ?	Renberg (2017) 763
incubation, at karnak temple of thotortaios, son of pachoy, servant at karnak, divinatory amun, ?	Renberg (2017) 96, 483, 497, 499, 500, 501
incubation, at kasai asklepieion, cilicia, claim of	Renberg (2017) 149
incubation, at lesser egyptian sarapieia, sarapis, question of therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 340, 341, 342, 343
incubation, at mallos sanctuary, amphilochos, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 13, 313, 320, 321
incubation, at martyrion of st. julianos, asklepios temple, claim of	Renberg (2017) 759
incubation, at matrona cave shrine of seven maccabee syria, brothers, ?	Renberg (2017) 778
incubation, at michaels anaplous constantinople, church, ?	Renberg (2017) 765, 778, 800, 801
incubation, at nearby shrine of st. ptolemaios, oxyrhynchus, claim of	Renberg (2017) 776
incubation, at nekyomanteia/psychomanteia, oracles, italic, question of	Renberg (2017) 325
incubation, at noviomagus tomb, eligius, saint, claims of	Renberg (2017) 788
incubation, at oropus	Lupu(2005) 221
incubation, at osormnevis, ḥor of sebennytos heliopolis, ?	Renberg (2017) 416, 417, 447, 509, 510
incubation, at paneas shrine of pan, syria, speculation regarding	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, at pharan church, kosmidion, speculation regarding	Renberg (2017) 764
incubation, at preceding temple, dora/tel dor, claim of	Renberg (2017) 540, 541, 542
incubation, at roman forum shrine of sts. kosmas and damian, rome, claim of	Renberg (2017) 764
incubation, at sanatorium, dendara, sanctuary of hathor, claim of therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 377, 530, 542, 543, 544
incubation, at sanctuaries of asklepioss asklepieia, offspring/descendants, ?	Renberg (2017) 304, 305, 306, 307
incubation, at sanctuary of pan, troizen, claim of	Renberg (2017) 527
incubation, at sanctuary of zeus dolichenos, doliche, claim of	Renberg (2017) 538, 539
incubation, at saqqâra, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 443, 444, 445
incubation, at saqqâra, thoth, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443
incubation, at saqqâra, utterances therapeutic, ẖt-mdt.w	Renberg (2017) 433, 441, 442
incubation, at sardus pater sanctuary, sardinia, claim of	Renberg (2017) 109, 526
incubation, at shrine of delos, divinatory brizo, ?	Renberg (2017) 31, 32, 318, 319, 320
incubation, at shrine of seven maccabee asklepios temple, jewish or christian brothers, ?	Renberg (2017) 109, 778, 813
incubation, at shrine of st. asklepios temple, dometios, ?	Renberg (2017) 756, 778, 779
incubation, at sleeping heroes sardinia, sanctuary, ?	Renberg (2017) 107, 108, 526, 563
incubation, at soissons tomb, medard, saint, claims of	Renberg (2017) 788
incubation, at southern church, abdallah nirqi, claim of	Renberg (2017) 772, 773
incubation, at st. augustines abbey, canterbury, claims of	Renberg (2017) 787
incubation, at temple of khnum, esna, pharaonic latopolis, claim of	Renberg (2017) 550, 551
incubation, at temple of khnum, shrine of elephantine, espemet, ?	Renberg (2017) 548, 549, 550
incubation, at tomb of st. agnes, rome, claim of	Renberg (2017) 788, 789
incubation, at tombs	Renberg (2017) 9, 11, 12, 32, 33, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 714, 715, 716, 754, 755
incubation, at tours, martin of tours, saint, claim of	Renberg (2017) 783, 784, 785, 801
incubation, at trier, maximinus, saint, claims of	Renberg (2017) 787, 788
incubation, at trophonion, incubation, greek, question of	Renberg (2017) 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574
incubation, at unidentified hispania citerior sanctuaries, religion, egyptian and greco-egyptian, claim of	Renberg (2017) 563, 564
incubation, at unspecified christian site, rome, claim of	Renberg (2017) 753
incubation, at uzalis martyrium, stephen, saint, claim of	Renberg (2017) 786, 787
incubation, athens asklepieion, doric east stoa and	Renberg (2017) 124, 133, 137, 138, 630
incubation, athens sarapieion, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 332, 348, 349, 726
incubation, aïn labakha, sanctuary of piyris, claim of	Renberg (2017) 490, 546, 547, 548
incubation, balagrae asklepieion, lex sacra possibly linked to	Renberg (2017) 243, 244, 562
incubation, bilingual dream letter, and proxy	Renberg (2017) 615, 616
incubation, building, incubation	Trapp et al (2016) 58, 92, 112
incubation, by bellerophon at athena sanctuary, corinth	Renberg (2017) 101, 102, 670
incubation, by cult personnel, thoth	Renberg (2017) 503, 504
incubation, by domninus, libanius athens asklepieion, pupil	Renberg (2017) 184, 185
incubation, by mari, ancient near eastern kingdom, priestess, ?	Renberg (2017) 60
incubation, by native egyptians, saqqâra, general	Renberg (2017) 98
incubation, by plutarch, athens asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 136, 137, 184, 185, 230
incubation, by spartan leaders, pasiphae, sanctuary at thalamai, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 29, 30, 47, 316, 317, 318, 381
incubation, byzantium, speculation regarding dioskouroi and	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, calchas, shrine at mt. drion, use of black ram skins for divinatory	Renberg (2017) 305, 314
incubation, canopus sarapieion, and divinatory	Renberg (2017) 380, 382, 383
incubation, canopus sarapieion, and therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 339, 340, 343
incubation, christian	Renberg (2017) 12, 13, 20, 33, 99, 100, 110, 372, 541, 733, 734, 746, 747, 749, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 768, 769, 770, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 804
incubation, christian, and beds/benches	Renberg (2017) 770, 772, 773
incubation, christian, and martyrs vigils	Renberg (2017) 754, 755
incubation, christian, archaeological/architectural evidence	Renberg (2017) 760, 762
incubation, christian, associated with saints, and archangel michael	Renberg (2017) 749
incubation, christian, bedding materials	Renberg (2017) 223, 791
incubation, christian, claim regarding dora church	Renberg (2017) 540, 541, 542
incubation, christian, comparison of eastern and western saints hagiographies	Renberg (2017) 795
incubation, christian, criticisms of dream-divination at tombs	Renberg (2017) 109, 110, 754, 755
incubation, christian, general patterns of miracle narratives	Renberg (2017) 747, 783
incubation, christian, healing saints envisioned as physicians	Renberg (2017) 780, 801
incubation, christian, importance of sleeping close to saints tomb/relics	Renberg (2017) 749, 784, 787, 788, 791, 802
incubation, christian, lack of evidence for dreams being sought from jesus	Renberg (2017) 749
incubation, christian, miraculous cures obtainable sleeping away from church	Renberg (2017) 753, 796, 797
incubation, christian, miraculous cures obtainable without dreaming	Renberg (2017) 804
incubation, christian, multiple dreams received	Renberg (2017) 792
incubation, christian, origins and development, and question of continuity	Renberg (2017) 753, 754, 755, 756, 793
incubation, christian, possibility of greater popularity in east than west	Renberg (2017) 756
incubation, christian, possibility of lesser popularity in syria	Renberg (2017) 756
incubation, christian, prayer	Renberg (2017) 621
incubation, christian, prescriptive dreams and medicine	Renberg (2017) 791, 795
incubation, christian, problematic nature of sources	Renberg (2017) 749, 757, 758, 759, 760, 762, 804, 808
incubation, christian, question of sexes sleeping separately	Renberg (2017) 631, 632
incubation, christian, saints different approaches to practicing medicine	Renberg (2017) 790, 791
incubation, christian, saints shrines as locus	Renberg (2017) 749
incubation, christian, specific prescriptions	Renberg (2017) 765
incubation, constantinople, churches associated with	Renberg (2017) 764, 765, 766
incubation, contrasted with greek, incubation, egyptian	Renberg (2017) 17, 18
incubation, dedicatory formulas, greek and latin speculatively associated with	Renberg (2017) 34, 35, 154, 168, 189, 206, 358, 359, 525, 529, 530, 538
incubation, dedicatory objects, reliefs representing	Renberg (2017) 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659
incubation, deir el-bahari, sanctuary of amenhotep and imhotep, availability of both divinatory and therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 29
incubation, deir el-bahari, sanctuary of amenhotep and imhotep, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 451, 452, 453, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473
incubation, deir el-bahari, sanctuary of amenhotep and imhotep, early evidence for	Renberg (2017) 96, 98, 451
incubation, deir el-bahari, sanctuary of amenhotep and imhotep, question of setting for	Renberg (2017) 463, 464, 474, 475, 476, 477, 479
incubation, deir el-bahari, sanctuary of amenhotep and imhotep, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502
incubation, delos sarapieia, dedicatory formulas and	Renberg (2017) 358, 359, 391, 392
incubation, developing before therapeutic, incubation, ancient near eastern, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 38
incubation, divinatory vs. therapeutic, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
incubation, djorf torba, rock-cut chambers and	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, dold, alban, and	Johnston and Struck (2005) 240
incubation, dream	Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 87, 91
incubation, dream of nektanebos, demotic prophecy of petesis, as evidence of pre-ptolemaic	Renberg (2017) 79, 90
incubation, dream-related dedicatory formulas and, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 34
incubation, during deir el-bahari, sanctuary of amenhotep and imhotep, festivals, ?	Renberg (2017) 739, 740
incubation, during festival, isis	Renberg (2017) 387
incubation, during festivals, bilingual dream letter, and	Renberg (2017) 507, 508, 509, 741, 742
incubation, during martyrs vigil, gregory of nyssa, bishop, unintentional	Renberg (2017) 754, 755
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, and hemerologies	Renberg (2017) 742, 743, 744
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, athyrtis	Renberg (2017) 80, 91
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, by cult personnel	Renberg (2017) 80, 92, 93, 377, 446, 479, 480, 481, 619, 620
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, by cult personnel in of f-limits areas	Renberg (2017) 18, 336, 415, 416, 444, 446, 447, 501, 620
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, by pharaonic royalty	Renberg (2017) 79, 80, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, during late period	Renberg (2017) 78, 79
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, during roman period and late antiquity	Renberg (2017) 99, 100
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, earliest evidence	Renberg (2017) 75, 76, 77, 84, 85, 86, 87, 96, 97, 98, 502
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, early development	Renberg (2017) 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, in demotic tales	Renberg (2017) 18, 90, 97, 610
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, lack of identifiable structures	Renberg (2017) 18
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, multiple gods invoked	Renberg (2017) 330
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, possible greek influences	Renberg (2017) 75, 76, 77, 80, 81, 98, 502
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, questionably associated with kushite kings	Renberg (2017) 87, 88
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, reference in greek papyrus letter or narrative, ?	Renberg (2017) 99
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, relationship to private dream-divination	Renberg (2017) 77
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, sleeping near cult statue	Renberg (2017) 83, 583, 737
incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian, underworld associations of divinities consulted	Renberg (2017) 33
incubation, egyptian and incubation, greco-egyptian, fertility	Renberg (2017) 80, 511, 513, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610
incubation, egyptian and incubation, greco-egyptian, festivals and divinatory	Renberg (2017) 387, 441, 446, 470, 507, 508, 509, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744
incubation, egyptian and incubation, greco-egyptian, problematic claim regarding middle kingdom	Renberg (2017) 77
incubation, egyptian and incubation, greco-egyptian, problematic claims regarding new kingdom	Renberg (2017) 76
incubation, egyptian and incubation, greco-egyptian, proxy	Renberg (2017) 479, 480, 481
incubation, epidauros asklepieion, building e and	Renberg (2017) 127, 130, 135
incubation, epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory formulas and	Renberg (2017) 154, 169, 171, 391
incubation, epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to	Renberg (2017) 168, 169, 170, 171, 217, 218, 236, 237
incubation, epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for	Renberg (2017) 168, 172, 202, 203, 205
incubation, epidauros asklepieion, question of seclusion for	Renberg (2017) 131
incubation, epidauros asklepieion, written sources for	Renberg (2017) 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182
incubation, epidauros miracle inscriptions, terms employed for	Renberg (2017) 10, 11
incubation, epidauros miracle inscriptions, testimonies with rapid cures not involving	Renberg (2017) 214
incubation, epidauros miracle inscriptions, testimony showing proxy	Renberg (2017) 615
incubation, euxenippos, performs	Papazarkadas (2011) 103
incubation, excluding pergamon asklepieion, literary sources for aristides	Renberg (2017) 199, 203, 205, 230, 231
incubation, extended, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 15
incubation, fertility-related, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 23, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612
incubation, glykon, and priestly	Renberg (2017) 620
incubation, glykon, claim of	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, greek, ancient near eastern influences, ?	Renberg (2017) 71, 72, 100
incubation, greek, associated with chthonic divinities and divinized mortals	Renberg (2017) 30, 31, 32, 33, 744
incubation, greek, early development	Renberg (2017) 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106
incubation, greek, fasting and dietary abstention	Renberg (2017) 625, 626, 627
incubation, greek, in bellerophon myth	Renberg (2017) 101, 102, 670
incubation, greek, pollution from abortion and miscarriage	Renberg (2017) 243
incubation, greek, public nature	Renberg (2017) 14, 15, 260, 276, 277
incubation, greek, question of sexes sleeping separately	Renberg (2017) 628, 630, 631, 632, 633
incubation, greek, ram skins in reliefs an artistic convention, ?	Renberg (2017) 287, 314
incubation, greek, ram, and incubation, sheep, skins linked to	Renberg (2017) 100, 101, 221, 222, 255, 256, 257, 258, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 305, 314, 315
incubation, greek, represented in reliefs	Renberg (2017) 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659
incubation, hall, incubation	Trapp et al (2016) 94, 98, 100, 105, 111, 112
incubation, hammat gader, lepers ritual contrasted with christian	Renberg (2017) 814
incubation, healing dreams and healing, visions	Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 142, 143, 479, 481, 494, 506, 508, 509, 510
incubation, hemithea, possibility of fertility	Renberg (2017) 605, 606
incubation, hermione, menelauss daughter, and divinatory	Renberg (2017) 30, 313, 322, 323
incubation, hyettos, sanctuary of herakles, claim of	Renberg (2017) 523
incubation, hypnos/somnus, lack of evidence linking to	Renberg (2017) 677, 678, 679
incubation, hypnos/somnus, unconvincingly linked to	Renberg (2017) 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687
incubation, ḥor of sebennytos, and	Renberg (2017) 96, 97, 386, 387, 401, 402, 412, 413, 414, 416, 417, 418, 423, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 508, 509, 510, 613, 619, 621, 622, 726, 737, 738
incubation, ḥor of sebennytos, and priestly	Renberg (2017) 377, 444, 446, 619
incubation, ḥor of sebennytos, and proxy	Renberg (2017) 24, 437, 444, 725
incubation, ḥor of sebennytos, poor source for therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 402
incubation, imhotep, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 432, 433
incubation, imhotep, therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 427, 428, 429, 430
incubation, in church of the holy sepulcher, jerusalem, claim of	Renberg (2017) 758
incubation, in constantinople at anaplous michael, archangel, church, ?	Renberg (2017) 765, 778, 790, 800, 801
incubation, in cult of cybele, hierapolis, phrygia, claim of	Renberg (2017) 760
incubation, in cult, sarapis	Renberg (2017) 332, 333, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 389, 390, 391, 392, 421, 422, 423
incubation, in different areas of pergamon asklepieion, aelius aristides	Renberg (2017) 136, 137, 144, 145
incubation, in gaul, gregory of tours, bishop, as evidence for	Renberg (2017) 783
incubation, in king wenamun and the kingdom of lihyan, leontopolis, temple of miysis	Renberg (2017) 85, 90, 415, 510, 511, 513, 610
incubation, in latin west	Renberg (2017) 12, 20, 107, 149, 206, 207, 208
incubation, in leges sacrae, oropos amphiareion, terms for	Renberg (2017) 10
incubation, in leontopolis, temple of miysis, evidence for aelian, ?	Renberg (2017) 512, 513
incubation, in nitive mood	Lupu(2005) 5, 6, 49
incubation, in roman forum, kosmas and damian, saints, claim of	Renberg (2017) 764
incubation, in secluded areas, asklepieia	Renberg (2017) 127, 131, 138, 158
incubation, in temple pronaos area, asklepieia	Renberg (2017) 124, 136, 137, 144, 185
incubation, in temple, athens asklepieion, question of	Renberg (2017) 135, 136
incubation, in temple, jerusalem, claim of	Renberg (2017) 71, 110, 111
incubation, in temples, asklepieia, question of	Renberg (2017) 136, 137, 150
incubation, incubating, aristophaness plutus scene, presence of companions for those	Renberg (2017) 225, 226, 238, 631, 632
incubation, incubation, , christian, compared with traditional	Renberg (2017) 747, 749, 790, 791, 792
incubation, incubation, , christian, egyptian saints and	Renberg (2017) 768, 769, 770, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777
incubation, incubation, , christian, hagiographical sources questionably linked to	Renberg (2017) 758, 759, 760
incubation, incubation, , christian, limited evidence for divinatory	Renberg (2017) 746, 747
incubation, incubation, , christian, limited evidence for fertility	Renberg (2017) 612, 746, 747, 779, 780
incubation, incubation, , christian, nature of sources for christian	Renberg (2017) 749
incubation, incubation, , christian, problem of defining christian	Renberg (2017) 746, 747, 792, 793, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 804
incubation, incubation, , christian, question of institutionalization of	Renberg (2017) 747
incubation, incubation, , christian, unintentional	Renberg (2017) 747, 754, 759, 769, 770, 774, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 793, 796, 802
incubation, incubation, , greek, fertility	Renberg (2017) 604, 605, 606
incubation, incubation, , greek, question of early royal	Renberg (2017) 47
incubation, incubation, , greek, rarity of priestly	Renberg (2017) 617
incubation, incubation, aristophaness plutus scene, terminology for	Renberg (2017) 9, 11
incubation, incubation, terms for, greek	Renberg (2017) 8, 9, 10, 11
incubation, incubation, terms for, latin	Renberg (2017) 12, 13
incubation, incubation-dreams,	Thonemann (2020) 22, 23, 137, 154, 155, 156, 157
incubation, isis, and	Renberg (2017) 330, 331, 332, 445, 446
incubation, isis, underworld association and	Renberg (2017) 33
incubation, israelite/jewish	Renberg (2017) 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71
incubation, israelite/jewish, at matrona cave shrine of seven maccabee brothers, ?	Renberg (2017) 778
incubation, israelite/jewish, david in jerusalem, ?	Renberg (2017) 71
incubation, israelite/jewish, encouraged by moses, in late tradition	Renberg (2017) 66, 67
incubation, israelite/jewish, in works of hellenistic and roman periods	Renberg (2017) 66
incubation, israelite/jewish, jacob at beer sheva and bethel, ?	Renberg (2017) 68, 69, 70, 71
incubation, israelite/jewish, jaddus, high priest, in jerusalem, ?	Renberg (2017) 110, 111
incubation, israelite/jewish, necromantic	Renberg (2017) 32, 68, 109, 110, 755
incubation, israelite/jewish, solomon at gibeon	Renberg (2017) 53, 54, 55, 68
incubation, kabeira, temple of men pharnakos claim of	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, korope, oracle of apollo koropaios, speculation regarding	Renberg (2017) 523
incubation, kos asklepieion, leges sacrae possibly pertaining to	Renberg (2017) 16, 204
incubation, kos asklepieion, literary evidence for	Renberg (2017) 203, 204, 205
incubation, lebena asklepieion, epigraphical sources for	Renberg (2017) 16, 123, 174, 189, 190, 191, 192, 605
incubation, lebena asklepieion, unusual terminology for	Renberg (2017) 11
incubation, leontopolis, temple of miysis, and divinatory	Renberg (2017) 513
incubation, leontopolis, temple of miysis, and fertility	Renberg (2017) 511, 513
incubation, leontopolis, temple of miysis, and therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 513
incubation, libanius, and proxy	Renberg (2017) 209, 615, 692, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705
incubation, linked to relics of isaiah at church of st. constantinople, laurentius, ?	Renberg (2017) 765, 766
incubation, literary and sub-literary works, egypt, greek, possible narrative featuring	Renberg (2017) 99
incubation, lodging for long-term visitors	Renberg (2017) 17
incubation, mandoulis, theological revelations contrasted with divinatory	Renberg (2017) 554
incubation, mari, ancient near eastern kingdom, priestly	Renberg (2017) 617, 618
incubation, mari, ancient near eastern kingdom, proxy	Renberg (2017) 616
incubation, mari, ancient near eastern kingdom, question of therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 66
incubation, megara, oracle of nyx, claim of	Renberg (2017) 524
incubation, menouthis, isis and divinatory	Renberg (2017) 387, 388
incubation, menouthis, isis and priestly	Renberg (2017) 373, 619, 620
incubation, menouthis, isis and therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 389
incubation, michael, archangel, contrasted with human saints linked to	Renberg (2017) 749
incubation, modern and pre-modern	Renberg (2017) 107, 110, 524
incubation, mt. kithairon, sphragidion, speculation regarding	Renberg (2017) 524
incubation, multiple individuals seeking dream on same matter	Renberg (2017) 388, 391
incubation, non-technical incubation, terms for, greek	Renberg (2017) 8, 9, 10
incubation, of martha, christian asceticism	Huebner and Laes (2019) 315, 316
incubation, oneiros, lack of evidence linking to	Renberg (2017) 677, 678, 679, 680
incubation, oneiros, sources unconvincingly linked to	Renberg (2017) 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687
incubation, or private dream-divination, bilingual dream letter, question of	Renberg (2017) 506, 507
incubation, oracle at albunea, faunus	Renberg (2017) 33, 241, 259, 314, 617, 625, 679
incubation, oracles	Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 142, 143, 479, 481, 494, 506, 508, 510 Johnston (2008) 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 136, 163
incubation, oracles, dreams and dream interpreters	Johnston (2008) 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95
incubation, oropos amphiareion, dedicatory formulas and	Renberg (2017) 290, 312
incubation, oropos amphiareion, leges sacrae pertaining to	Renberg (2017) 275, 276, 277, 280, 283, 284, 285, 286
incubation, oropos amphiareion, literary sources for	Renberg (2017) 275
incubation, oropos amphiareion, purificatory sacrifices preceding	Renberg (2017) 253, 254, 281, 282
incubation, other peoples	Renberg (2017) 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111
incubation, other peoples, anariake, city near caspian sea	Renberg (2017) 110
incubation, other peoples, augilae/nasamones, libyan tribe	Renberg (2017) 11, 106, 107
incubation, other peoples, celts, i.e., galatians	Renberg (2017) 12, 107, 563, 564
incubation, other peoples, claimed for cueva de la santa cruz and los casares, hispania citerior	Renberg (2017) 563, 564
incubation, outdoors, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 11, 12, 127, 145, 316, 317, 669, 670
incubation, pasiphae, sanctuary at thalamai, evidence for outdoors	Renberg (2017) 316, 670
incubation, pattern of fleeing, καταφεύγειν, to healing gods	Renberg (2017) 362, 363
incubation, payment for	Lupu(2005) 247
incubation, pergamon asklepieion, buildings 27/28 and	Renberg (2017) 138, 145, 146
incubation, pergamon asklepieion, dedicatory formulas and	Renberg (2017) 198, 199, 391
incubation, pergamon asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to	Renberg (2017) 198, 199, 218
incubation, pergamon asklepieion, leges sacrae pertaining to	Renberg (2017) 138, 145, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 241, 242, 249, 250, 253, 254, 258, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264
incubation, pergamon asklepieion, question of seclusion for	Renberg (2017) 131
incubation, philippi iseum, claim of	Renberg (2017) 529, 530
incubation, philippopolis, dedication alluding to dream, ?	Renberg (2017) 680
incubation, physicians, physician in relief, ?	Renberg (2017) 645, 646
incubation, podalirios, heroon at mt. drion, question of lykophrons reliability regarding	Renberg (2017) 304, 305, 306, 307, 322
incubation, podalirios, heroon at mt. drion, use of sheep skins for	Renberg (2017) 304, 305, 306, 314
incubation, pompeii, iseum in and	Griffiths (1975) 332
incubation, practiced, kos asklepieion, problem of where	Renberg (2017) 146, 148, 149, 204, 205
incubation, practiced, rome asklepieia, problem of where in rome	Renberg (2017) 182, 206, 207, 208
incubation, preceding therapeutic, amphiaraos, divinatory	Renberg (2017) 310, 311
incubation, preliminary sacrifices	Lupu(2005) 60, 64
incubation, ptolemaios archive, limited evidence for divinatory	Renberg (2017) 401, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423
incubation, qaṣr el-aguz, temple of thoth, claim of	Renberg (2017) 548
incubation, redemptus, bishop, and unintentional	Renberg (2017) 789, 802
incubation, reference, oxyrhynchus, letter or literary text with possible	Renberg (2017) 99
incubation, relief possibly showing fertility treatment, oropos amphiareion	Renberg (2017) 282
incubation, relief, rhamnous amphiareion	Renberg (2017) 282, 283, 292, 293, 314, 652, 653
incubation, reliefs and representation of ram skins, amphiaraos	Renberg (2017) 255, 256, 258, 282, 283, 284, 287, 314
incubation, reliefs, amphiaraos	Renberg (2017) 223, 282, 283, 650, 651, 652, 653, 659
incubation, reliefs, asklepios and	Renberg (2017) 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 659
incubation, reliefs, athens asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 184, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650
incubation, reliefs, hygieia sōteira, in	Renberg (2017) 219, 224, 225, 636, 639, 643, 644, 647, 648
incubation, reliefs, machaon, in	Renberg (2017) 219, 225, 644, 645, 646
incubation, reliefs, oropos amphiareion	Renberg (2017) 223, 282, 650, 651, 652, 659
incubation, reliefs, peiraeus asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 186, 187, 219, 225, 635, 636, 637
incubation, reliefs, performing head asklepios and operation, ?	Renberg (2017) 219
incubation, reliefs, representation of asklepios and physician, ?	Renberg (2017) 645, 646
incubation, represented on telemachos peiraeus asklepieion, monument, ?	Renberg (2017) 187
incubation, rome asklepieia, dedicatory formulas and	Renberg (2017) 206
incubation, rome asklepieia, dedicatory inscription suggesting	Renberg (2017) 206, 207, 208
incubation, sacred animals, egyptian, sacred animal necropolises and	Renberg (2017) 333, 334, 414, 415, 418, 434, 435, 436, 445, 446, 447, 510
incubation, sanctuaries with both divinatory and therapeutic, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 29
incubation, saqqâra, general, overview of evidence for	Renberg (2017) 401, 402, 403, 446, 447
incubation, saqqâra, general, priestly	Renberg (2017) 415, 444, 445, 446, 447, 620
incubation, sarapis, varros eumenides and	Renberg (2017) 348, 349
incubation, scene, overlooked joke regarding aristophaness plutus ablutions, ?	Renberg (2017) 185, 241
incubation, scene, overlooked parody in priests aristophaness plutus thieving, ?	Renberg (2017) 249, 250
incubation, sikyon asklepieion, claim of	Renberg (2017) 149, 527, 679, 680, 686, 687
incubation, siwa ammoneion, speculation regarding	Renberg (2017) 525, 579
incubation, slonta, rupestral sanctuaries and	Renberg (2017) 525
incubation, stoa, asklepios and incubation, reliefs, problem of whether reliefs show	Renberg (2017) 136, 137
incubation, stoa, epidauros asklepieion, benches in	Renberg (2017) 125, 131, 165
incubation, stoa, original oropos amphiareion, structure	Renberg (2017) 277, 280, 628
incubation, stoa, oropos amphiareion	Renberg (2017) 124, 131, 148, 165, 191, 276, 277, 280, 281, 541, 628
incubation, stoa, oropos amphiareion, bench in	Renberg (2017) 125, 165, 277
incubation, stoas as unreliable evidence	Renberg (2017) 34, 148
incubation, structures incubation, terms for, egyptian	Renberg (2017) 18
incubation, structures incubation, terms for, greek	Renberg (2017) 12, 15, 16
incubation, structures, pergamon asklepieion, great and small	Renberg (2017) 138, 144, 145, 146, 211, 479
incubation, syria, limited evidence for	Renberg (2017) 756
incubation, technique, dream	Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 79, 80
incubation, terms for sanctuaries with, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 13
incubation, thanksgiving sacrifice after	Lupu(2005) 63, 64, 65
incubation, therapeutic/divinatory, dream	Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 91
incubation, therapon, saint, claim of healing through	Renberg (2017) 768, 777, 778, 797, 800
incubation, thessalonika egyptian sanctuary, dedicatory formulas and	Renberg (2017) 391, 392
incubation, thessalonika egyptian sanctuary, possibility of	Renberg (2017) 390, 391, 392
incubation, trikka asklepieion, literary evidence for	Renberg (2017) 202, 203
incubation, troizen asklepieion, lack of structural evidence for	Renberg (2017) 124, 125
incubation, unintentional, incubation,	Renberg (2017) 13, 14, 68, 87, 88, 89, 500, 501
incubation, venantius fortunatus, merovingian bishop, source of miracle narratives linked to	Renberg (2017) 788
incubation, vs. private dream-divination, incubation, ritual	Renberg (2017) 13, 14, 15
incubation, was at asklepieia, asklepios, question of how common therapeutic	Renberg (2017) 123, 165, 213
incubation, was practiced, akaraka charonion and ploutonion, question of where	Renberg (2017) 297
incubation-like, ritual at hammat gader, incubation	Renberg (2017) 111, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814
incubation/dream-divination, cult personnel, ancient near eastern, and	Renberg (2017) 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63
incubations, prominence, aristophaness plutus incubation, scene, evidence of	Renberg (2017) 182
pre-incubatory, prayer, incubation	Renberg (2017) 621, 622, 623
pre-incubatory, prayer, incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian	Renberg (2017) 418, 621, 622, 623
pre-incubatory, rituals, incubation, egyptian and greco-egyptian	Renberg (2017) 17, 511

List of validated texts:

29 validated results for "incubation"

1. Homer, Iliad, 1.63, 2.1-2.47 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Cult personnel (ancient near eastern), and incubation/dream-divination • Incubation (ancient Near Eastern) • Incubation (ancient Near Eastern), by cult personnel • dream incubation • healing, incubation (healing dreams and visions) • incubation, • oracles, incubation

Found in books: Edmonds (2019) 219; Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 87; Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 481; Renberg (2017) 58

1.63. ἢ καὶ ὀνειροπόλον, καὶ γάρ τʼ ὄναρ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν,' '
2.1. ἄλλοι μέν ῥα θεοί τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ 2.2. εὗδον παννύχιοι, Δία δʼ οὐκ ἔχε νήδυμος ὕπνος, 2.3. ἀλλʼ ὅ γε μερμήριζε κατὰ φρένα ὡς Ἀχιλῆα 2.4. τιμήσῃ, ὀλέσῃ δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. 2.5. ἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή, 2.6. πέμψαι ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι οὖλον ὄνειρον· 2.7. καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· 2.8. βάσκʼ ἴθι οὖλε ὄνειρε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν· 2.9. ἐλθὼν ἐς κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο
2.10. πάντα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλω·
2.11. θωρῆξαί ἑ κέλευε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς
2.12. πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοι πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν
2.13. Τρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες
2.14. ἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας
2.15. Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται.
2.16. ὣς φάτο, βῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὄνειρος ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον ἄκουσε·
2.17. καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκανε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,
2.18. βῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα· τὸν δὲ κίχανεν
2.19. εὕδοντʼ ἐν κλισίῃ, περὶ δʼ ἀμβρόσιος κέχυθʼ ὕπνος. 2.20. στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς Νηληΐῳ υἷι ἐοικώς 2.21. Νέστορι, τόν ῥα μάλιστα γερόντων τῖʼ Ἀγαμέμνων· 2.22. τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσεφώνεε θεῖος ὄνειρος· 2.23. εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο· 2.24. οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα 2.25. ᾧ λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε· 2.26. νῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι, 2.27. ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει. 2.28. θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς 2.29. πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν 2.32. Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται 2.33. ἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσί, μηδέ σε λήθη 2.34. αἱρείτω εὖτʼ ἄν σε μελίφρων ὕπνος ἀνήῃ. 2.35. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπεβήσετο, τὸν δὲ λίπʼ αὐτοῦ 2.36. τὰ φρονέοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἅ ῥʼ οὐ τελέεσθαι ἔμελλον· 2.37. φῆ γὰρ ὅ γʼ αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν ἤματι κείνῳ 2.38. νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὰ ᾔδη ἅ ῥα Ζεὺς μήδετο ἔργα· 2.39. θήσειν γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔμελλεν ἐπʼ ἄλγεά τε στοναχάς τε 2.40. Τρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι διὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας. 2.41. ἔγρετο δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου, θείη δέ μιν ἀμφέχυτʼ ὀμφή· 2.42. ἕζετο δʼ ὀρθωθείς, μαλακὸν δʼ ἔνδυνε χιτῶνα 2.43. καλὸν νηγάτεον, περὶ δὲ μέγα βάλλετο φᾶρος· 2.44. ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα, 2.45. ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον· 2.46. εἵλετο δὲ σκῆπτρον πατρώϊον ἄφθιτον αἰεὶ 2.47. σὺν τῷ ἔβη κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·''. None

1.63. if war and pestilence alike are to ravage the Achaeans. But come, let us ask some seer or priest, or some reader of dreams—for a dream too is from Zeus—who might say why Phoebus Apollo is so angry, whether he finds fault with a vow or a hecatomb;
2.1. Now all the other gods and men, lords of chariots, slumbered the whole night through, but Zeus was not holden of sweet sleep, for he was pondering in his heart how he might do honour to Achilles and lay many low beside the ships of the Achaeans. And this plan seemed to his mind the best, 2.5. to send to Agamemnon, son of Atreus, a baneful dream. So he spake, and addressed him with winged words:Up, go, thou baneful Dream, unto the swift ships of the Achaeans, and when thou art come to the hut of Agamemnon, son of Atreus,
2.10. tell him all my word truly, even as I charge thee. Bid him arm the long-haired Achaeans with all speed, since now he may take the broad-wayed city of the Trojans. For the immortals, that have homes upon Olympus, are no longer divided in counsel,
2.15. ince Hera hath Vent the minds of all by her supplication, and over the Trojans hang woes. So spake he, and the Dream went his way, when he had heard this saying. Forthwith he came to the swift ships of the Achaeans, and went his way to Agamemnon, son of Atreus, and found him sleeping in his hut, and over him was shed ambrosial slumber. 2.20. So he took his stand above his head, in the likeness of the son of Neleus, even Nestor, whom above all the elders Agamemnon held in honour; likening himself to him, the Dream from heaven spake, saying:Thou sleepest, son of wise-hearted Atreus, the tamer of horses. To sleep the whole night through beseemeth not a man that is a counsellor, 2.25. to whom a host is entrusted, and upon whom rest so many cares. But now, hearken thou quickly unto me, for I am a messenger to thee from Zeus, who, far away though he be, hath exceeding care for thee and pity. He biddeth thee arm the long-haired Achaeans with all speed, since now thou mayest take the broad-wayed city of the Trojans. 2.30. For the immortals that have homes upon Olympus are no longer divided in counsel, since Hera hath bent the minds of all by her supplication, and over the Trojans hang woes by the will of Zeus. But do thou keep this in thy heart, nor let forgetfulness lay hold of thee, whenso honey-hearted sleep shall let thee go. 2.34. For the immortals that have homes upon Olympus are no longer divided in counsel, since Hera hath bent the minds of all by her supplication, and over the Trojans hang woes by the will of Zeus. But do thou keep this in thy heart, nor let forgetfulness lay hold of thee, whenso honey-hearted sleep shall let thee go. 2.35. So spoke the Dream, and departed, and left him there, pondering in his heart on things that were not to be brought to pass. For in sooth he deemed that he should take the city of Priam that very day, fool that he was! seeing he knew not what deeds Zeus was purposing, 2.40. who was yet to bring woes and groanings on Trojans alike and Danaans throughout the course of stubborn fights. Then he awoke from sleep, and the divine voice was ringing in his ears. He sat upright and did on his soft tunic, fair and glistering, and about him cast his great cloak, and beneath his shining feet he bound his fair sandals, 2.45. and about his shoulders flung his silver-studded sword; and he grasped the sceptre of his fathers, imperishable ever, and therewith took his way along the ships of the brazen-coated Achaeans.Now the goddess Dawn went up to high Olympus, to announce the light to Zeus and the other immortals, 2.47. and about his shoulders flung his silver-studded sword; and he grasped the sceptre of his fathers, imperishable ever, and therewith took his way along the ships of the brazen-coated Achaeans.Now the goddess Dawn went up to high Olympus, to announce the light to Zeus and the other immortals, ' '. None

2. None, None, nan (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Incubation, divinatory vs. therapeutic incubation • dream incubation • incubation • incubation,

Found in books: Edmonds (2019) 219; Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 87; Lloyd (1989) 30; Renberg (2017) 27

3. Herodotus, Histories, 1.46, 1.49, 1.52, 8.133-8.135 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abydos Memnonion, and proxy incubation • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation preceding therapeutic • Amphiaraos, outdoors incubation at Thebes(?) • Amphiaraos, sought for both divinatory and therapeutic incubation • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, terminology for incubation • Asklepios of Aegae in Epidauros dedication, literary evidence for incubation • Asklepios, epigraphical terms for incubation • Bilingual dream letter, and proxy incubation • Corinth, incubation by Bellerophon at Athena sanctuary • Epidauros Miracle Inscriptions, terms employed for incubation • Epidauros Miracle Inscriptions, testimony showing proxy incubation • Incubation • Incubation (Greek), early development • Incubation (Greek), in Bellerophon myth • Incubation (Greek), question of incubation at Trophonion • Incubation (other peoples), Augilae/Nasamones (Libyan tribe) • Incubation, at tombs • Incubation, outdoors incubation • Incubation, terms for incubation (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation, non-technical (Greek) • Lebena Asklepieion, unusual terminology for incubation • Libanius, and proxy incubation • dream incubation • dreams and dream interpreters, incubation oracles • incubation oracles

Found in books: Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 70, 71; Johnston (2008) 94, 95; Renberg (2017) 8, 9, 11, 102, 103, 310, 311, 569, 615, 669; Wilding (2022) 16

1.46. Κροῖσος δὲ ἐπὶ δύο ἔτεα ἐν πένθεϊ μεγάλῳ κατῆστο τοῦ παιδὸς ἐστερημένος. μετὰ δὲ ἡ Ἀστυάγεος τοῦ Κυαξάρεω ἡγεμονίη καταιρεθεῖσα ὑπὸ Κύρου τοῦ Καμβύσεω καὶ τὰ τῶν Περσέων πρήγματα αὐξανόμενα πένθεος μὲν Κροῖσον ἀπέπαυσε, ἐνέβησε δὲ ἐς φροντίδα, εἴ κως δύναιτο, πρὶν μεγάλους γενέσθαι τοὺς Πέρσας, καταλαβεῖν αὐτῶν αὐξανομένην τὴν δύναμιν. μετὰ ὦν τὴν διάνοιαν ταύτην αὐτίκα ἀπεπειρᾶτο τῶν μαντείων τῶν τε ἐν Ἕλλησι καὶ τοῦ ἐν Λιβύῃ, διαπέμψας ἄλλους ἄλλῃ, τοὺς μὲν ἐς Δελφοὺς ἰέναι, τοὺς δὲ ἐς Ἄβας τὰς Φωκέων, τοὺς δὲ ἐς Δωδώνην· οἳ δὲ τινὲς ἐπέμποντο παρὰ τε Ἀμφιάρεων καὶ παρὰ Τροφώνιον, οἳ δὲ τῆς Μιλησίης ἐς Βραγχίδας. ταῦτα μέν νυν τὰ Ἑλληνικὰ μαντήια ἐς τὰ ἀπέπεμψε μαντευσόμενος Κροῖσος· Λιβύης δὲ παρὰ Ἄμμωνα ἀπέστελλε ἄλλους χρησομένους. διέπεμπε δὲ πειρώμενος τῶν μαντηίων ὅ τι φρονέοιεν, ὡς εἰ φρονέοντα τὴν ἀληθείην εὑρεθείη, ἐπείρηται σφέα δεύτερα πέμπων εἰ ἐπιχειρέοι ἐπὶ Πέρσας στρατεύεσθαι.
1.49. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐκ Δελφῶν οὕτω τῷ, Κροίσῳ ἐχρήσθη· κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἀμφιάρεω τοῦ μαντηίου ὑπόκρισιν, οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν ὅ τι τοῖσι Λυδοῖσι ἔχρησε ποιήσασι περὶ τὸ ἱρὸν τὰ νομιζόμενα ʽοὐ γὰρ ὦν οὐδὲ τοῦτο λέγεταἰ, ἄλλο γε ἢ ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο ἐνόμισε μαντήιον ἀψευδὲς ἐκτῆσθαι.
1.52. ταῦτα μὲν ἐς Δελφοὺς ἀπέπεμψε, τῷ δὲ Ἀμφιάρεῳ, πυθόμενος αὐτοῦ τήν τε ἀρετὴν καὶ τὴν πάθην, ἀνέθηκε σάκος τε χρύσεον πᾶν ὁμοίως καὶ αἰχμὴν στερεὴν πᾶσαν χρυσέην, τὸ ξυστὸν τῇσι λόγχῃσι ἐὸν ὁμοίως χρύσεον· τὰ ἔτι καὶ ἀμφότερα ἐς ἐμὲ ἦν κείμενα ἐν Θήβῃσι καὶ Θηβέων ἐν τῳ νηῷ τοῦ Ἰσμηνίου Ἀπόλλωνος.
8.133. οἱ μὲν δὴ Ἕλληνες ἔπλεον ἐς τὴν Δῆλον, Μαρδόνιος δὲ περὶ τὴν Θεσσαλίην ἐχείμαζε. ἐνθεῦτεν δὲ ὁρμώμενος ἔπεμπε κατὰ τὰ χρηστήρια ἄνδρα Εὐρωπέα γένος, τῷ οὔνομα ἦν Μῦς, ἐντειλάμενος πανταχῇ μιν χρησόμενον ἐλθεῖν, τῶν οἷά τε ἦν σφι ἀποπειρήσασθαι. ὅ τι μὲν βουλόμενος ἐκμαθεῖν πρὸς τῶν χρηστηρίων ταῦτα ἐνετέλλετο, οὐκ ἔχω φράσαι· οὐ γὰρ ὦν λέγεται· δοκέω δʼ ἔγωγε περὶ τῶν παρεόντων πρηγμάτων καὶ οὐκ ἄλλων πέρι πέμψαι. 8.134. οὗτος ὁ Μῦς ἔς τε Λεβάδειαν φαίνεται ἀπικόμενος καὶ μισθῷ πείσας τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἄνδρα καταβῆναι παρὰ Τροφώνιον, καὶ ἐς Ἄβας τὰς Φωκέων ἀπικόμενος ἐπὶ τὸ χρηστήριον· καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Θήβας πρῶτα ὡς ἀπίκετο, τοῦτο μὲν τῷ Ἰσμηνίῳ Ἀπόλλωνι ἐχρήσατο· ἔστι δὲ κατά περ ἐν Ὀλυμπίῃ ἱροῖσι αὐτόθι χρηστηριάζεσθαι· τοῦτο δὲ ξεῖνον τινὰ καὶ οὐ Θηβαῖον χρήμασι πείσας κατεκοίμησε ἐς Ἀμφιάρεω. Θηβαίων δὲ οὐδενὶ ἔξεστι μαντεύεσθαι αὐτόθι διὰ τόδε· ἐκέλευσε σφέας ὁ Ἀμφιάρεως διὰ χρηστηρίων ποιεύμενος ὁκότερα βούλονται ἑλέσθαι τούτων, ἑωυτῷ ἢ ἅτε μάντι χρᾶσθαι ἢ ἅτε συμμάχῳ, τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀπεχομένους· οἳ δὲ σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι. διὰ τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἔξεστι Θηβαίων οὐδενὶ αὐτόθι ἐγκατακοιμηθῆναι. 8.135. τότε δὲ θῶμά μοι μέγιστον γενέσθαι λέγεται ὑπὸ Θηβαίων· ἐλθεῖν ἄρα τὸν Εὐρωπέα Μῦν, περιστρωφώμενον πάντα τὰ χρηστήρια, καὶ ἐς τοῦ Πτῴου Ἀπόλλωνος τὸ τέμενος. τοῦτο δὲ τὸ ἱρὸν καλέεται μὲν Πτῷον, ἔστι δὲ Θηβαίων, κεῖται δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς Κωπαΐδος λίμνης πρὸς ὄρεϊ ἀγχοτάτω Ἀκραιφίης πόλιος. ἐς τοῦτο τὸ ἱρὸν ἐπείτε παρελθεῖν τὸν καλεόμενον τοῦτον Μῦν, ἕπεσθαι δέ οἱ τῶν ἀστῶν αἱρετοὺς ἄνδρας τρεῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ ὡς ἀπογραψομένους τὰ θεσπιέειν ἔμελλε, καὶ πρόκατε τὸν πρόμαντιν βαρβάρῳ γλώσσῃ χρᾶν. καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἑπομένους τῶν Θηβαίων ἐν θώματι ἔχεσθαι ἀκούοντας βαρβάρου γλώσσης ἀντὶ Ἑλλάδος, οὐδὲ ἔχειν ὅ τι χρήσωνται τῷ παρεόντι πρήγματι· τὸν δὲ Εὐρωπέα Μῦν ἐξαρπάσαντα παρʼ αὐτῶν τὴν ἐφέροντο δέλτον, τὰ λεγόμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ προφήτεω γράφειν ἐς αὐτήν, φάναι δὲ Καρίῃ μιν γλώσσῃ χρᾶν, συγγραψάμενον δὲ οἴχεσθαι ἀπιόντα ἐς Θεσσαλίην.''. None

1.46. After the loss of his son, Croesus remained in deep sorrow for two years. After this time, the destruction by Cyrus son of Cambyses of the sovereignty of Astyages son of Cyaxares, and the growth of the power of the Persians, distracted Croesus from his mourning; and he determined, if he could, to forestall the increase of the Persian power before they became great. ,Having thus determined, he at once made inquiries of the Greek and Libyan oracles, sending messengers separately to Delphi, to Abae in Phocia, and to Dodona, while others were despatched to Amphiaraus and Trophonius, and others to Branchidae in the Milesian country. ,These are the Greek oracles to which Croesus sent for divination: and he told others to go inquire of Ammon in Libya . His intent in sending was to test the knowledge of the oracles, so that, if they were found to know the truth, he might send again and ask if he should undertake an expedition against the Persians.
1.49. Such, then, was the answer from Delphi delivered to Croesus. As to the reply which the Lydians received from the oracle of Amphiaraus when they had followed the due custom of the temple, I cannot say what it was, for nothing is recorded of it, except that Croesus believed that from this oracle too he had obtained a true answer.
1.52. Such were the gifts which he sent to Delphi . To Amphiaraus, of whose courage and fate he had heard, he dedicated a shield made entirely of gold and a spear all of solid gold, point and shaft alike. Both of these were until my time at Thebes, in the Theban temple of Ismenian Apollo.
8.133. The Greeks, then, sailed to Delos, and Mardonius wintered in Thessaly. Having his headquarters there he sent a man of Europus called Mys to visit the places of divination, charging him to inquire of all the oracles which he could test. What it was that he desired to learn from the oracles when he gave this charge, I cannot say, for no one tells of it. I suppose that he sent to inquire concerning his present business, and that alone. 8.134. This man Mys is known to have gone to Lebadea and to have bribed a man of the country to go down into the cave of Trophonius and to have gone to the place of divination at Abae in Phocis. He went first to Thebes where he inquired of Ismenian Apollo (sacrifice is there the way of divination, as at Olympia), and moreover he bribed one who was no Theban but a stranger to lie down to sleep in the shrine of Amphiaraus. ,No Theban may seek a prophecy there, for Amphiaraus bade them by an oracle to choose which of the two they wanted and forgo the other, and take him either for their prophet or for their ally. They chose that he should be their ally. Therefore no Theban may lie down to sleep in that place. ' "8.135. But at this time there happened, as the Thebans say, a thing at which I marvel greatly. It would seem that this man Mys of Europus came in his wanderings among the places of divination to the precinct of Ptoan Apollo. This temple is called Ptoum, and belongs to the Thebans. It lies by a hill, above lake Copais, very near to the town Acraephia. ,When the man called Mys entered into this temple together with three men of the town who were chosen on the state's behalf to write down the oracles that should be given, straightway the diviner prophesied in a foreign tongue. ,The Thebans who followed him were astonished to hear a strange language instead of Greek and knew not what this present matter might be. Mys of Europus, however, snatched from them the tablet which they carried and wrote on it that which was spoken by the prophet, saying that the words of the oracle were Carian. After writing everything down, he went back to Thessaly. "'. None

4. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Incubation (Greek), question of incubation at Trophonion • dream incubation

Found in books: Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 70; Renberg (2017) 572

5. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aelius Aristides, incubation in different areas of Pergamon Asklepieion • Amphiaraos, therapeutic incubation • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, Asklepios accompanied by daughters • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, Asklepios accompanied by serpents • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, Asklepios described as sitting • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, Asklepios employing medicine • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, Asklepios healing by touch • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, absence of Hygieia • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, altar with cakes and other preliminary offerings • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, and question of sexes sleeping separately • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, celebration after cure • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, lamps extinguished by temple servant • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, overlooked joke regarding ablutions(?) • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, overlooked parody in priests thieving(?) • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, preliminary use of water • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, presence of companions for those incubating • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, problem of setting at Athens or Peiraeus • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, summary of scene • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, terminology for incubation • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, use of stibades • Asklepieia, bedding materials for incubation • Asklepieia, benches/couches and incubation • Asklepieia, incubation in temple pronaos area • Asklepieia, presence of companions during incubation • Asklepieia, privileged access for prominent incubators(?) • Asklepieia, purity requirements for incubation • Asklepieia, question of incubation in temples • Asklepieia, question of what was worn during incubation • Asklepieia, role for priests or physicians in incubation(?) • Asklepieia, role of Mnemosyne in incubation • Asklepieia, sacrificial ram skins used for incubation(?) • Asklepieia, structural evidence for incubation • Asklepieia, use of stibades for incubation • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Asklepios and incubation reliefs • Asklepios and incubation reliefs, accompanied by related divinities • Asklepios and incubation reliefs, observing related divinity treating patient • Asklepios and incubation reliefs, problem of whether reliefs show incubation stoa • Asklepios and incubation reliefs, question of reliefs accurately representing dreams • Asklepios and incubation reliefs, representation of animal skins and bedding materials • Asklepios and incubation reliefs, representation of patients family members • Asklepios of Aegae in Epidauros dedication, literary evidence for incubation • Asklepios, epigraphical terms for incubation • Athens Asklepieion, Doric East Stoa and incubation • Athens Asklepieion, incubation by Domninus (Libanius pupil) • Athens Asklepieion, incubation by Plutarch • Athens Asklepieion, question of incubation in temple • Epidauros Asklepieion, Building E and incubation • Epidauros Miracle Inscriptions, terms employed for incubation • Faunus, incubation oracle at Albunea • Hygieia Sōteira, in incubation reliefs • Hypnos/Somnus, lack of evidence linking to incubation • Incubation (Greek), public nature • Incubation (Greek), question of sexes sleeping separately • Incubation (Greek), ram (and sheep) skins linked to incubation • Incubation (other peoples), Augilae/Nasamones (Libyan tribe) • Incubation, at tombs • Incubation, outdoors incubation • Incubation, terms for incubation (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation, non-technical (Greek) • Lebena Asklepieion, unusual terminology for incubation • Machaon, in incubation reliefs • Numa, incubation at Faunus oracle • Oneiros, lack of evidence linking to incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, incubation stoa • Oropos Amphiareion, incubation stoa (original structure) • Oropos Amphiareion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Peiraeus Asklepieion, incubation reliefs • Pergamon Asklepieion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation (excluding Aristides) • dream, incubation and • incubation • incubation, • incubation, preliminary sacrifices • incubation, thanksgiving sacrifice after

Found in books: Chaniotis (2012) 177; Huttner (2013) 358; Jouanna (2012) 68; Lipka (2021) 131, 194, 196; Lupu(2005) 64, 246; Renberg (2017) 8, 9, 11, 135, 136, 185, 186, 215, 221, 224, 225, 226, 230, 238, 239, 241, 242, 249, 250, 259, 260, 280, 308, 630, 678

6. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, terminology for incubation • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Asklepios, epigraphical terms for incubation • Epidauros Miracle Inscriptions, terms employed for incubation • Incubation (other peoples), Augilae/Nasamones (Libyan tribe) • Incubation, at tombs • Incubation, in Latin West • Incubation, outdoors incubation • Incubation, terms for incubation (Greek) • Lebena Asklepieion, unusual terminology for incubation • Rome Asklepieia, dedicatory inscription suggesting incubation • Rome Asklepieia, problem of where in Rome incubation practiced • incubation

Found in books: Jouanna (2012) 68; Lipka (2021) 131; Renberg (2017) 11, 208

7. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Amphikleia, temple of Dionysos, incubation practiced(?) • Corinth, incubation by Bellerophon at Athena sanctuary • Dodona, sanctuary of Zeus, Selloi/Helloi possibly incubating • Hermione (Menelauss daughter), and divinatory incubation • Incubation (Greek), associated with chthonic divinities and divinized mortals • Incubation (Greek), early development • Incubation (Greek), in Bellerophon myth • Incubation (Greek), ram (and sheep) skins linked to incubation • Incubation, and chthonic divinities • Incubation, divinatory vs. therapeutic incubation • Pasiphae, sanctuary at Thalamai, divinatory incubation by Spartan leaders • incubation oracles

Found in books: Johnston (2008) 136; Renberg (2017) 30, 101

8. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation preceding therapeutic • Amphiaraos, sought for both divinatory and therapeutic incubation • Amphiaraos, therapeutic incubation • Asklepieia, role for neokoroi/zakoroi in incubation(?) • Delos Sarapieia, dedicatory formulas and incubation • Delos Sarapieia, divinatory incubation(?) • Epidauros Asklepieion, dedicatory formulas and incubation • Euxenippos, performs incubation • Incubation • Incubation, multiple individuals seeking dream on same matter • Oropos Amphiareion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, literary sources for incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, dedicatory formulas and incubation • Sarapis, incubation in cult • Thessalonika Egyptian sanctuary, dedicatory formulas and incubation • Thessalonika Egyptian sanctuary, possibility of incubation

Found in books: Papazarkadas (2011) 103; Renberg (2017) 275, 311, 391; Wilding (2022) 93

9. Ovid, Fasti, 4.641-4.672 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Akaraka Charonion and Ploutonion, fasting before incubation • Akaraka Charonion and Ploutonion, priestly incubation • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation • Amphiaraos, incubation reliefs and representation of ram skins • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, lamps extinguished by temple servant • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, overlooked joke regarding ablutions(?) • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, preliminary use of water • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, use of stibades • Asklepieia, bedding materials for incubation • Asklepieia, benches/couches and incubation • Asklepieia, purity requirements for incubation • Asklepieia, question of what was worn during incubation • Asklepieia, use of stibades for incubation • Calchas, shrine at Mt. Drion, use of black ram skins for divinatory incubation • Dodona, sanctuary of Zeus, Selloi/Helloi possibly incubating • Faunus, incubation oracle at Albunea • Hypnos/Somnus, lack of evidence linking to incubation • Hypnos/Somnus, unconvincingly linked to incubation • Incubation (Greek), fasting and dietary abstention • Incubation (Greek), ram (and sheep) skins linked to incubation • Incubation (Greek), ram skins in reliefs an artistic convention(?) • Incubation (Greek), rarity of priestly incubation • Incubation, abstention from beans • Mari (ancient Near Eastern kingdom), priestly incubation • Numa, incubation at Faunus oracle • Oneiros, lack of evidence linking to incubation • Oneiros, sources unconvincingly linked to incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, ram sacrifice preceding incubation and use of skin(?) • Pergamon Asklepieion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Podalirios, heroon at Mt. Drion, use of sheep skins for incubation • Rhamnous Amphiareion, incubation relief • Sikyon Asklepieion, claim of incubation • incubation

Found in books: Ker and Wessels (2020) 115, 119; Renberg (2017) 241, 259, 314, 617, 625, 679

4.641. rege Numa, fructu non respondente labori, 4.642. inrita decepti vota colentis erant, 4.643. nam modo siccus erat gelidis aquilonibus annus, 4.644. nunc ager assidua luxuriabat aqua: 4.645. saepe Ceres primis dominum fallebat in herbis, 4.646. et levis obsesso stabat avena solo, 4.647. et pecus ante diem partus edebat acerbos, 4.648. agnaque nascendo saepe necabat ovem. 4.649. silva vetus nullaque diu violata securi 4.650. stabat, Maenalio sacra relicta deo: 4.651. ille dabat tacitis animo responsa quieto 4.652. noctibus, hic geminas rex Numa mactat oves. 4.653. prima cadit Fauno, leni cadit altera Somno: 4.654. sternitur in duro vellus utrumque solo. 4.655. bis caput intonsum fontana spargitur unda, 4.656. bis sua faginea tempora fronde tegit, 4.657. usus abest Veneris, nec fas animalia mensis 4.658. ponere, nec digitis anulus ullus inest, 4.659. veste rudi tectus supra nova vellera corpus 4.660. ponit, adorato per sua verba deo. 4.661. interea placidam redimita papavere frontem 4.662. nox venit et secum somnia nigra trahit. 4.663. Faunus adest, oviumque premens pede vellera duro 4.664. edidit a dextro talia verba toro: 4.665. ‘morte boum tibi, rex, Tellus placanda duarum: 4.666. det sacris animas una iuvenca duas.’ 4.667. excutitur terrore quies: Numa visa revolvit 4.668. et secum ambages caecaque iussa refert, 4.669. expedit errantem nemori gratissima coniunx 4.670. et dixit gravidae posceris exta bovis. 4.671. exta bovis gravidae dantur, fecundior annus 4.672. provenit, et fructum terra pecusque ferunt,''. None

4.641. In Numa’s kingship the harvest failed to reward men’s efforts: 4.642. The farmers, deceived, offered their prayers in vain. 4.643. At one time that year it was dry, with cold northerlies, 4.644. The next, the fields were rank with endless rain: 4.645. often the crop failed the farmer in its first sprouting, 4.646. And meagre wild oats overran choked soil, 4.647. And the cattle dropped their young prematurely, 4.648. And the ewes often died giving birth to lambs. 4.649. There was an ancient wood, long untouched by the axe, 4.650. Still sacred to Pan, the god of Maenalus: 4.651. He gave answers, to calm minds, in night silence. 4.652. Here Numa sacrificed twin ewes. 4.653. The first fell to Faunus, the second to gentle Sleep: 4.654. Both the fleeces were spread on the hard soil. 4.655. Twice the king’s unshorn head was sprinkled with spring water, 4.656. Twice he pressed the beech leaves to his forehead. 4.657. He abstained from sex: no meat might be served 4.658. At table, nor could he wear a ring on any finger. 4.659. Dressed in rough clothes he lay down on fresh fleeces, 4.660. Having worshipped the god with appropriate words. 4.661. Meanwhile Night arrived, her calm brow wreathed 4.662. With poppies: bringing with her shadowy dreams. 4.663. Faunus appeared, and pressing the fleece with a hard hoof, 4.664. From the right side of the bed, he uttered these words: 4.665. ‘King, you must appease Earth, with the death of two cows: 4.666. Let one heifer give two lives, in sacrifice.’ 4.667. Fear banished sleep: Numa pondered the vision, 4.668. And considered the ambiguous and dark command. 4.669. His wife, Egeria, most dear to the grove, eased his doubt, 4.670. Saying: ‘What’s needed are the innards of a pregt cow,’ 4.671. The innards of a pregt cow were offered: the year proved 4.672. More fruitful, and earth and cattle bore their increase.''. None

10. Plutarch, Aristides, 19.1-19.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Amphiaraos, outdoors incubation at Thebes(?) • Amphilochos, divinatory incubation at Mallos sanctuary • Corinth, incubation by Bellerophon at Athena sanctuary • Incubation (Christian) • Incubation (Greek), early development • Incubation (Greek), in Bellerophon myth • Incubation, outdoors incubation • Incubation, ritual incubation vs. private dream-divination • Incubation, terms for incubation (Latin) • Incubation, terms for sanctuaries with incubation • Incubation, unintentional incubation • Pasiphae, sanctuary at Thalamai, evidence for outdoors incubation • dream incubation

Found in books: Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 71; Renberg (2017) 13, 102, 669, 670

19.1. οὕτω δὲ τοῦ ἀγῶνος δίχα συνεστῶτος πρῶτοι μὲν ἐώσαντο τοὺς Πέρσας οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι· καὶ τὸν Μαρδόνιον ἀνὴρ Σπαρτιάτης ὄνομα Ἀρίμνηστος ἀποκτίννυσι, λίθῳ τὴν κεφαλὴν πατάξας, ὥσπερ αὐτῷ προεσήμανε τὸ ἐν Ἀμφιάρεω μαντεῖον. ἔπεμψε γὰρ ἄνδρα Λυδὸν ἐνταῦθα, Κᾶρα δὲ ἕτερον εἰς Τροφωνίου ὁ ὁ bracketed in Sintenis 2 ; Blass reads εἰς τὸ Πτῷον ὁ with S, after Hercher, thus agreeing with Herodotus viii. 135. Μαρδόνιος· καὶ τοῦτον μὲν ὁ προφήτης Καρικῇ γλώσσῃ προσεῖπεν, 19.2. ὁ δὲ Λυδὸς ἐν τῷ σηκῷ τοῦ Ἀμφιάρεω κατευνασθεὶς ἔδοξεν ὑπηρέτην τινὰ τοῦ θεοῦ παραστῆναι καὶ κελεύειν αὐτὸν ἀπιέναι, μὴ βουλομένου δὲ λίθον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐμβαλεῖν μέγαν, ὥστε δόξαι πληγέντα τεθνάναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον· καὶ ταῦτα μὲν οὕτω γενέσθαι λέγεται. τοὺς δὲ φεύγοντας εἰς τὰ ξύλινα τείχη καθεῖρξαν. ὀλίγῳ δʼ ὕστερον Ἀθηναῖοι τοὺς Θηβαίους τρέπονται, τριακοσίους τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους καὶ πρώτους διαφθείραντες ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ μάχῃ.''. None

19.1. 19.2. ''. None

11. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Alexandria Sarapieion, and incubation • Athens Sarapieion, therapeutic incubation • Bes and Dionysos cult, and divinatory incubation at Abydos • Bes and Dionysos cult, and proxy incubation at Abydos • Dedicatory objects, reliefs representing incubation • Ḥor of Sebennytos, and incubation • Incubation (Greek), public nature • Incubation (Greek), represented in reliefs • Incubation, as alternative to other forms of divination • Incubation, divinatory vs. therapeutic incubation • Incubation, extended incubation • Incubation, ritual incubation vs. private dream-divination • Incubation, sanctuaries with both incubation and other forms of divination • Incubation, terms for incubation structures (Greek) • Incubation, unintentional incubation • Isis, and incubation • Sacred animals (Egyptian), sacred animal necropolises and incubation • Sarapis, incubation in cult • Thessalonika Egyptian sanctuary, possibility of incubation • incubation • incubation, incubation-dreams

Found in books: Renberg (2017) 14, 15, 25, 27, 28, 332, 333, 337, 338, 390, 493, 658, 726, 727; Russell and Nesselrath (2014) 83, 84; Thonemann (2020) 23, 154, 155, 156, 157

12. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.34, 1.34.3, 1.34.5, 2.26.8-2.26.9, 2.27.3, 9.39.3-9.39.14 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation • Amphiaraos, incubation reliefs and representation of ram skins • Amphiaraos, therapeutic incubation • Amphilochos, divinatory incubation at Mallos sanctuary • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, lamps extinguished by temple servant • Asklepieia, incubation in secluded areas • Asklepieia, monetary payments preceding incubation • Asklepieia, problem of stoas (and other structures) as evidence for incubation • Asklepieia, purity requirements for incubation • Asklepieia, role for neokoroi/zakoroi in incubation(?) • Asklepieia, sacrificial ram skins used for incubation(?) • Asklepieia, structural evidence for incubation • Asklepieia, thesauroi and incubation • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Balagrae Asklepieion, lex sacra possibly linked to incubation • Calchas, shrine at Mt. Drion, use of black ram skins for divinatory incubation • Dedicatory formulas (Greek and Latin), speculatively associated with incubation • Delos, divinatory incubation at shrine of Brizo(?) • Dodona, sanctuary of Zeus, Selloi/Helloi possibly incubating • Epidauros Asklepieion, Abaton/incubation stoa • Epidauros Asklepieion, Building E and incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, written sources for incubation • Faunus, incubation oracle at Albunea • Hermione (Menelauss daughter), and divinatory incubation • Hypnos/Somnus, lack of evidence linking to incubation • Hypnos/Somnus, unconvincingly linked to incubation • Incubation • Incubation (Greek), associated with chthonic divinities and divinized mortals • Incubation (Greek), question of incubation at Trophonion • Incubation (Greek), ram (and sheep) skins linked to incubation • Incubation (Greek), ram skins in reliefs an artistic convention(?) • Incubation, and chthonic divinities • Incubation, modern and pre-modern • Incubation, outdoors incubation • Incubation, terms for incubation (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation structures (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation, non-technical (Greek) • Kos Asklepieion, leges sacrae possibly pertaining to incubation • Lebena Asklepieion, epigraphical sources for incubation • Megara, oracle of Nyx, claim of incubation • Mt. Kithairon, Sphragidion, speculation regarding incubation • Oneiros, lack of evidence linking to incubation • Oneiros, sources unconvincingly linked to incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, incubation stoa • Oropos Amphiareion, purificatory sacrifices preceding incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, ram sacrifice preceding incubation and use of skin(?) • Pergamon Asklepieion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Philippopolis, dedication alluding to incubation dream(?) • Podalirios, heroon at Mt. Drion, use of sheep skins for incubation • Rhamnous Amphiareion, incubation relief • Sikyon Asklepieion, claim of incubation • Trikka Asklepieion, Isyllos Hymn evidence of incubation(?) • dream incubation • dreams and dream interpreters, incubation oracles • healing, incubation (healing dreams and visions) • incubation • incubation oracles • incubation, at Oropus • incubation, incubation building • oracles, incubation

Found in books: Borg (2008) 279; Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 68, 70, 71, 74; Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 506; Johnston (2008) 94, 95; Lupu(2005) 221; Renberg (2017) 8, 16, 31, 127, 163, 164, 168, 172, 178, 179, 181, 189, 210, 253, 254, 281, 287, 308, 313, 314, 320, 321, 524, 562, 569, 571, 572, 573, 574, 678, 680; Trapp et al (2016) 58; Wilding (2022) 93

1.34.3. παρέχεται δὲ ὁ βωμὸς μέρη· τὸ μὲν Ἡρακλέους καὶ Διὸς καὶ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Παιῶνος, τὸ δὲ ἥρωσι καὶ ἡρώων ἀνεῖται γυναιξί, τρίτον δὲ Ἑστίας καὶ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀμφιαράου καὶ τῶν παίδων Ἀμφιλόχου· Ἀλκμαίων δὲ διὰ τὸ ἐς Ἐριφύλην ἔργον οὔτε ἐν Ἀμφιαράου τινά, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ παρὰ τῷ Ἀμφιλόχῳ τιμὴν ἔχει. τετάρτη δέ ἐστι τοῦ βωμοῦ μοῖρα Ἀφροδίτης καὶ Πανακείας, ἔτι δὲ Ἰασοῦς καὶ Ὑγείας καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς Παιωνίας· πέμπτη δὲ πεποίηται νύμφαις καὶ Πανὶ καὶ ποταμοῖς Ἀχελῴῳ καὶ Κηφισῷ. τῷ δὲ Ἀμφιλόχῳ καὶ παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ πόλει βωμὸς καὶ Κιλικίας ἐν Μαλλῷ μαντεῖον ἀψευδέστατον τῶν ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ.

1.34.5. δοκῶ δὲ Ἀμφιάραον ὀνειράτων διακρίσει μάλιστα προ ς κεῖσθαι· δῆλος δέ, ἡνίκα ἐνομίσθη θεός, διʼ ὀνειράτων μαντικὴν καταστησάμενος. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν καθήρασθαι νομίζουσιν ὅστις ἦλθεν Ἀμφιαράῳ χρησόμενος· ἔστι δὲ καθάρσιον τῷ θεῷ θύειν, θύουσι δὲ καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ πᾶσιν ὅσοις ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ τὰ ὀνόματα· προεξειργασμένων δὲ τούτων κριὸν θύσαντες καὶ τὸ δέρμα ὑποστρωσάμενοι καθεύδουσιν ἀναμένοντες δήλωσιν ὀνείρατος.
2.26.8. μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τόδε ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ τὸν θεὸν γενέσθαι· τὰ γὰρ Ἀσκληπιεῖα εὑρίσκω τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα γεγονότα ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι, τῆς τελετῆς λέγοντες Ἀσκληπιῷ μεταδοῦναι, τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην Ἐπιδαύρια ὀνομάζουσι καὶ θεὸν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου φασὶν Ἀσκληπιόν σφισι νομισθῆναι· τοῦτο δὲ Ἀρχίας ὁ Ἀρισταίχμου, τὸ συμβὰν σπάσμα θηρεύοντί οἱ περὶ τὸν Πίνδασον ἰαθεὶς ἐν τῇ Ἐπιδαυρίᾳ, τὸν θεὸν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς Πέργαμον. 2.26.9. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Περγαμηνῶν Σμυρναίοις γέγονεν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀσκληπιεῖον τὸ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ. τὸ δʼ ἐν Βαλάγραις ταῖς Κυρηναίων ἐστὶν Ἀσκληπιὸς καλούμενος Ἰατρὸς ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου καὶ οὗτος. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ παρὰ Κυρηναίοις τὸ ἐν Λεβήνῃ τῇ Κρητῶν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιεῖον. διάφορον δὲ Κυρηναίοις τοσόνδε ἐς Ἐπιδαυρίους ἐστίν, ὅτι αἶγας οἱ Κυρηναῖοι θύουσιν, Ἐπιδαυρίοις οὐ καθεστηκότος.
2.27.3. οἴκημα δὲ περιφερὲς λίθου λευκοῦ καλούμενον Θόλος ᾠκοδόμηται πλησίον, θέας ἄξιον· ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ Παυσίου γράψαντος βέλη μὲν καὶ τόξον ἐστὶν ἀφεικὼς Ἔρως, λύραν δὲ ἀντʼ αὐτῶν ἀράμενος φέρει. γέγραπται δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ Μέθη, Παυσίου καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον, ἐξ ὑαλίνης φιάλης πίνουσα· ἴδοις δὲ κἂν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ φιάλην τε ὑάλου καὶ διʼ αὐτῆς γυναικὸς πρόσωπον. στῆλαι δὲ εἱστήκεσαν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου τὸ μὲν ἀρχαῖον καὶ πλέονες, ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ ἓξ λοιπαί· ταύταις ἐγγεγραμμένα καὶ ἀνδρῶν καὶ γυναικῶν ἐστιν ὀνόματα ἀκεσθέντων ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ, προσέτι δὲ καὶ νόσημα ὅ τι ἕκαστος ἐνόσησε καὶ ὅπως ἰάθη·
9.39.3. καὶ ἔστι μὲν πρὸς τῇ ὄχθῃ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ναὸς Ἑρκύνης, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ παρθένος χῆνα ἔχουσα ἐν ταῖς χερσίν· εἰσὶ δὲ ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τε αἱ πηγαὶ καὶ ἀγάλματα ὀρθά, περιειλιγμένοι δέ εἰσιν αὐτῶν τοῖς σκήπτροις δράκοντες. ταῦτα εἰκάσαι μὲν ἄν τις Ἀσκληπιοῦ τε εἶναι καὶ Ὑγείας, εἶεν δʼ ἂν Τροφώνιος καὶ Ἕρκυνα, ἐπεὶ μηδὲ τοὺς δράκοντας Ἀσκληπιοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ Τροφωνίου νομίζουσιν ἱεροὺς εἶναι. ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ μνῆμά ἐστιν Ἀρκεσιλάου· Λήϊτον δὲ ἀνακομίσαι φασὶ τοῦ Ἀρκεσιλάου τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐκ Τροίας. 9.39.4. τὰ δὲ ἐπιφανέστατα ἐν τῷ ἄλσει Τροφωνίου ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν, Ἀσκληπιῷ καὶ τοῦτο εἰκασμένον· Πραξιτέλης δὲ ἐποίησε τὸ ἄγαλμα. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Δήμητρος ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Εὐρώπης καὶ Ζεὺς Ὑέτιος ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ. ἀναβᾶσι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ μαντεῖον καὶ αὐτόθεν ἰοῦσιν ἐς τὸ πρόσω τοῦ ὄρους, Κόρης ἐστὶ καλουμένη θήρα καὶ Διὸς Βασιλέως ναός. τοῦτον μὲν δὴ διὰ τὸ μέγεθος ἢ καὶ τῶν πολέμων τὸ ἀλλεπάλληλον ἀφείκασιν ἡμίεργον· ἐν δὲ ἑτέρῳ ναῷ Κρόνου καὶ Ἥρας καὶ Διός ἐστιν ἀγάλματα. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερόν. 9.39.5. κατὰ δὲ τὸ μαντεῖον τοιάδε γίνεται. ἐπειδὰν ἀνδρὶ ἐς τοῦ Τροφωνίου κατιέναι δόξῃ, πρῶτα μὲν τεταγμένων ἡμερῶν δίαιταν ἐν οἰκήματι ἔχει, τὸ δὲ οἴκημα Δαίμονός τε ἀγαθοῦ καὶ Τύχης ἱερόν ἐστιν ἀγαθῆς· διαιτώμενος δὲ ἐνταῦθα τά τε ἄλλα καθαρεύει καὶ λουτρῶν εἴργεται θερμῶν, τὸ δὲ λουτρὸν ὁ ποταμός ἐστιν ἡ Ἕρκυνα· καί οἱ καὶ κρέα ἄφθονά ἐστιν ἀπὸ τῶν θυσιῶν, θύει γὰρ δὴ ὁ κατιὼν αὐτῷ τε τῷ Τροφωνίῳ καὶ τοῦ Τροφωνίου τοῖς παισί, πρὸς δὲ Ἀπόλλωνί τε καὶ Κρόνῳ καὶ Διὶ ἐπίκλησιν Βασιλεῖ καὶ Ἥρᾳ τε Ἡνιόχῃ καὶ Δήμητρι ἣν ἐπονομάζοντες Εὐρώπην τοῦ Τροφωνίου φασὶν εἶναι τροφόν. 9.39.6. καθʼ ἑκάστην δὲ τῶν θυσιῶν ἀνὴρ μάντις παρὼν ἐς τοῦ ἱερείου τὰ σπλάγχνα ἐνορᾷ, ἐνιδὼν δὲ προθεσπίζει τῷ κατιόντι εἰ δὴ αὐτὸν εὐμενὴς ὁ Τροφώνιος καὶ ἵλεως δέξεται. τῶν μὲν δὴ ἄλλων ἱερείων τὰ σπλάγχνα οὐχ ὁμοίως δηλοῖ τοῦ Τροφωνίου τὴν γνώμην· ἐν δὲ νυκτὶ ᾗ κάτεισιν ἕκαστος, ἐν ταύτῃ κριὸν θύουσιν ἐς βόθρον, ἐπικαλούμενοι τὸν Ἀγαμήδην. θυμάτων δὲ τῶν πρότερον πεφηνότων αἰσίων λόγος ἐστὶν οὐδείς, εἰ μὴ καὶ τοῦδε τοῦ κριοῦ τὰ σπλάγχνα τὸ αὐτὸ θέλοι λέγειν· ὁμολογούντων δὲ καὶ τούτων, τότε ἕκαστος ἤδη κάτεισιν εὔελπις, κάτεισι δὲ οὕτω. 9.39.7. πρῶτα μὲν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ αὐτὸν ἄγουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὴν Ἕρκυναν, ἀγαγόντες δὲ ἐλαίῳ χρίουσι καὶ λούουσι δύο παῖδες τῶν ἀστῶν ἔτη τρία που καὶ δέκα γεγονότες, οὓς Ἑρμᾶς ἐπονομάζουσιν· οὗτοι τὸν καταβαίνοντά εἰσιν οἱ λούοντες καὶ ὁπόσα χρὴ διακονούμενοι ἅτε παῖδες. τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἱερέων οὐκ αὐτίκα ἐπὶ τὸ μαντεῖον, ἐπὶ δὲ ὕδατος πηγὰς ἄγεται· αἱ δὲ ἐγγύτατά εἰσιν ἀλλήλων. 9.39.8. ἐνταῦθα δὴ χρὴ πιεῖν αὐτὸν Λήθης τε ὕδωρ καλούμενον, ἵνα λήθη γένηταί οἱ πάντων ἃ τέως ἐφρόντιζε, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷδε ἄλλο αὖθις ὕδωρ πίνειν Μνημοσύνης· ἀπὸ τούτου τε μνημονεύει τὰ ὀφθέντα οἱ καταβάντι. θεασάμενος δὲ ἄγαλμα ὃ ποιῆσαι Δαίδαλόν φασιν—ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν ἱερέων οὐκ ἐπιδείκνυται πλὴν ὅσοι παρὰ τὸν Τροφώνιον μέλλουσιν ἔρχεσθαι— τοῦτο τὸ ἄγαλμα ἰδὼν καὶ θεραπεύσας τε καὶ εὐξάμενος ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ μαντεῖον, χιτῶνα ἐνδεδυκὼς λινοῦν καὶ ταινίαις τὸν χιτῶνα ἐπιζωσθεὶς καὶ ὑποδησάμενος ἐπιχωρίας κρηπῖδας. 9.39.9. ἔστι δὲ τὸ μαντεῖον ὑπὲρ τὸ ἄλσος ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους. κρηπὶς μὲν ἐν κύκλῳ περιβέβληται λίθου λευκοῦ, περίοδος δὲ τῆς κρηπῖδος κατὰ ἅλων τὴν ἐλαχίστην ἐστίν, ὕψος δὲ ἀποδέουσα δύο εἶναι πήχεις· ἐφεστήκασι δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ κρηπῖδι ὀβελοὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ χαλκοῖ καὶ αἱ συνέχουσαι σφᾶς ζῶναι, διὰ δὲ αὐτῶν θύραι πεποίηνται. τοῦ περιβόλου δὲ ἐντὸς χάσμα γῆς ἐστιν οὐκ αὐτόματον ἀλλὰ σὺν τέχνῃ καὶ ἁρμονίᾳ πρὸς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον ᾠκοδομημένον. 9.39.10. τοῦ δὲ οἰκοδομήματος τούτου τὸ σχῆμα εἴκασται κριβάνῳ· τὸ δὲ εὖρος ἡ διάμετρος αὐτοῦ τέσσαρας παρέχοιτο ἂν ὡς εἰκάσαι πήχεις· βάθος δὲ τοῦ οἰκοδομήματος, οὐκ ἂν οὐδὲ τοῦτο εἰκάζοι τις ἐς πλέον ὀκτὼ καθήκειν πηχῶν. κατάβασις δὲ οὐκ ἔστι πεποιημένη σφίσιν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἀνὴρ ἔρχηται παρὰ τὸν Τροφώνιον, κλίμακα αὐτῷ κομίζουσι στενὴν καὶ ἐλαφράν. καταβάντι δέ ἐστιν ὀπὴ μεταξὺ τοῦ τε ἐδάφους καὶ τοῦ οἰκοδομήματος· σπιθαμῶν τὸ εὖρος δύο, τὸ δὲ ὕψος ἐφαίνετο εἶναι σπιθαμῆς. 9.39.11. ὁ οὖν κατιὼν κατακλίνας ἑαυτὸν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος ἔχων μάζας μεμαγμένας μέλιτι προεμβάλλει τε ἐς τὴν ὀπὴν τοὺς πόδας καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιχωρεῖ, τὰ γόνατά οἱ τῆς ὀπῆς ἐντὸς γενέσθαι προθυμούμενος· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν σῶμα αὐτίκα ἐφειλκύσθη τε καὶ τοῖς γόνασιν ἐπέδραμεν, ὥσπερ ποταμῶν ὁ μέγιστος καὶ ὠκύτατος συνδεθέντα ὑπὸ δίνης ἀποκρύψειεν ἂν ἄνθρωπον. τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ ἀδύτου γενομένοις οὐχ εἷς οὐδὲ ὁ αὐτὸς τρόπος ἐστὶν ὅτῳ διδάσκονται τὰ μέλλοντα, ἀλλά πού τις καὶ εἶδε καὶ ἄλλος ἤκουσεν. ἀναστρέψαι δὲ ὀπίσω τοῖς καταβᾶσι διὰ στομίου τε ἔστι τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ προεκθεόντων σφίσι τῶν ποδῶν. 9.39.12. ἀποθανεῖν δὲ οὐδένα τῶν καταβάντων λέγουσιν ὅτι μὴ μόνον τῶν Δημητρίου τινὰ δορυφόρων· τοῦτον δὲ οὔτε ποιῆσαι περὶ τὸ ἱερόν φασιν οὐδὲν τῶν νενομισμένων οὔτε χρησόμενον τῷ θεῷ καταβῆναι, χρυσὸν δὲ καὶ ἄργυρον ἐκκομιεῖν ἐλπίσαντα ἐκ τοῦ ἀδύτου. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τούτου τὸν νεκρὸν ἑτέρωθι ἀναφανῆναι καὶ οὐ κατὰ στόμα ἐκβληθῆναι τὸ ἱερόν. ἐς μὲν δὴ τὸν ἄνθρωπον λεγομένων καὶ ἄλλων εἴρηταί μοι τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα· 9.39.13. τὸν δὲ ἀναβάντα παρὰ τοῦ Τροφωνίου παραλαβόντες αὖθις οἱ ἱερεῖς καθίζουσιν ἐπὶ θρόνον Μνημοσύνης μὲν καλούμενον, κεῖται δὲ οὐ πόρρω τοῦ ἀδύτου, καθεσθέντα δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἀνερωτῶσιν ὁπόσα εἶδέ τε καὶ ἐπύθετο· μαθόντες δὲ ἐπιτρέπουσιν αὐτὸν ἤδη τοῖς προσήκουσιν. οἱ δὲ ἐς τὸ οἴκημα, ἔνθα καὶ πρότερον διῃτᾶτο παρά τε Τύχῃ καὶ Δαίμονι ἀγαθοῖς, ἐς τοῦτο ἀράμενοι κομίζουσι κάτοχόν τε ἔτι τῷ δείματι καὶ ἀγνῶτα ὁμοίως αὑτοῦ τε καὶ τῶν πέλας. ὕστερον μέντοι τά τε ἄλλα οὐδέν τι φρονήσει μεῖον ἢ πρότερον καὶ γέλως ἐπάνεισίν οἱ. 9.39.14. γράφω δὲ οὐκ ἀκοὴν ἀλλὰ ἑτέρους τε ἰδὼν καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ Τροφωνίῳ χρησάμενος. τοὺς δὲ ἐς τοῦ Τροφωνίου κατελθόντας, ἀνάγκη σφᾶς, ὁπόσα ἤκουσεν ἕκαστος ἢ εἶδεν, ἀναθεῖναι γεγραμμένα ἐν πίνακι. λείπεται δʼ ἔτι καὶ τοῦ Ἀριστομένους ἐνταῦθα ἡ ἀσπίς· τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν ὁποῖα ἐγένετο, ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου.' '. None

1.34.3. The altar shows parts. One part is to Heracles, Zeus, and Apollo Healer, another is given up to heroes and to wives of heroes, the third is to Hestia and Hermes and Amphiaraus and the children of Amphilochus. But Alcmaeon, because of his treatment of Eriphyle, is honored neither in the temple of Amphiaraus nor yet with Amphilochus. The fourth portion of the altar is to Aphrodite and Panacea, and further to Iaso, Health and Athena Healer. The fifth is dedicated to the nymphs and to Pan, and to the rivers Achelous and Cephisus. The Athenians too have an altar to Amphilochus in the city, and there is at Mallus in Cilicia an oracle of his which is the most trustworthy of my day.

1.34.5. My opinion is that Amphiaraus devoted him self most to the exposition of dreams. It is manifest that, when his divinity was established, it was a dream oracle that he set up. One who has come to consult Amphiaraus is wont first to purify himself. The mode of purification is to sacrifice to the god, and they sacrifice not only to him but also to all those whose names are on the altar. And when all these things have been first done, they sacrifice a ram, and, spreading the skin under them, go to sleep and await enlightenment in a dream.
2.26.8. There is other evidence that the god was born in Epidaurus for I find that the most famous sanctuaries of Asclepius had their origin from Epidaurus . In the first place, the Athenians, who say that they gave a share of their mystic rites to Asclepius, call this day of the festival Epidauria, and they allege that their worship of Asclepius dates from then. Again, when Archias, son of Aristaechmus, was healed in Epidauria after spraining himself while hunting about Pindasus, he brought the cult to Pergamus . 2.26.9. From the one at Pergamus has been built in our own day the sanctuary of Asclepius by the sea at Smyrna . Further, at Balagrae of the Cyreneans there is an Asclepius called Healer, who like the others came from Epidaurus . From the one at Cyrene was founded the sanctuary of Asclepius at Lebene, in Crete . There is this difference between the Cyreneans and the Epidaurians, that whereas the former sacrifice goats, it is against the custom of the Epidaurians to do so.' "
2.27.3. Near has been built a circular building of white marble, called Tholos (Round House), which is worth seeing. In it is a picture by Pausias 1. A famous painter of Sicyon . representing Love, who has cast aside his bow and arrows, and is carrying instead of them a lyre that he has taken up. Here there is also another work of Pausias, Drunkenness drinking out of a crystal cup. You can see even in the painting a crystal cup and a woman's face through it. Within the enclosure stood slabs; in my time six remained, but of old there were more. On them are inscribed the names of both the men and the women who have been healed by Asclepius, the disease also from which each suffered, and the means of cure. The dialect is Doric." '
9.39.3. On the bank of the river there is a temple of Hercyna, in which is a maiden holding a goose in her arms. In the cave are the sources of the river and images standing, and serpents are coiled around their scepters. One might conjecture the images to be of Asclepius and Health, but they might be Trophonius and Hercyna, because they think that serpents are just as much sacred to Trophonius as to Asclepius. By the side of the river is the tomb of Arcesilaus, whose bones, they say, were carried back from Troy by Leitus.' "9.39.4. The most famous things in the grove are a temple and image of Trophonius; the image, made by Praxiteles, is after the likeness of Asclepius. There is also a sanctuary of Demeter surnamed Europa, and a Zeus Rain-god in the open. If you go up to the oracle, and thence onwards up the mountain, you come to what is called the Maid's Hunting and a temple of King Zeus. This temple they have left half finished, either because of its size or because of the long succession of the wars. In a second temple are images of Cronus, Hera and Zeus. There is also a sanctuary of Apollo." '9.39.5. What happens at the oracle is as follows. When a man has made up his mind to descend to the oracle of Trophonius, he first lodges in a certain building for an appointed number of days, this being sacred to the good Spirit and to good Fortune. While he lodges there, among other regulations for purity he abstains from hot baths, bathing only in the river Hercyna. Meat he has in plenty from the sacrifices, for he who descends sacrifices to Trophonius himself and to the children of Trophonius, to Apollo also and Cronus, to Zeus surnamed King, to Hera Charioteer, and to Demeter whom they surname Europa and say was the nurse of Trophonius. 9.39.6. At each sacrifice a diviner is present, who looks into the entrails of the victim, and after an inspection prophesies to the person descending whether Trophonius will give him a kind and gracious reception. The entrails of the other victims do not declare the mind of Trophonius so much as a ram, which each inquirer sacrifices over a pit on the night he descends, calling upon Agamedes. Even though the previous sacrifices have appeared propitious, no account is taken of them unless the entrails of this ram indicate the same; but if they agree, then the inquirer descends in good hope. The procedure of the descent is this. 9.39.7. First, during the night he is taken to the river Hercyna by two boys of the citizens about thirteen years old, named Hermae, who after taking him there anoint him with oil and wash him. It is these who wash the descender, and do all the other necessary services as his attendant boys. After this he is taken by the priests, not at once to the oracle, but to fountains of water very near to each other. 9.39.8. Here he must drink water called the water of Forgetfulness, that he may forget all that he has been thinking of hitherto, and afterwards he drinks of another water, the water of Memory, which causes him to remember what he sees after his descent. After looking at the image which they say was made by Daedalus (it is not shown by the priests save to such as are going to visit Trophonius), having seen it, worshipped it and prayed, he proceeds to the oracle, dressed in a linen tunic, with ribbons girding it, and wearing the boots of the country. 9.39.9. The oracle is on the mountain, beyond the grove. Round it is a circular basement of white marble, the circumference of which is about that of the smallest threshing floor, while its height is just short of two cubits. On the basement stand spikes, which, like the cross-bars holding them together, are of bronze, while through them has been made a double door. Within the enclosure is a chasm in the earth, not natural, but artificially constructed after the most accurate masonry. 9.39.10. The shape of this structure is like that of a bread-oven. Its breadth across the middle one might conjecture to be about four cubits, and its depth also could not be estimated to extend to more than eight cubits. They have made no way of descent to the bottom, but when a man comes to Trophonius, they bring him a narrow, light ladder. After going down he finds a hole between the floor and the structure. Its breadth appeared to be two spans, and its height one span. 9.39.11. The descender lies with his back on the ground, holding barley-cakes kneaded with honey, thrusts his feet into the hole and himself follows, trying hard to get his knees into the hole. After his knees the rest of his body is at once swiftly drawn in, just as the largest and most rapid river will catch a man in its eddy and carry him under. After this those who have entered the shrine learn the future, not in one and the same way in all cases, but by sight sometimes and at other times by hearing. The return upwards is by the same mouth, the feet darting out first. 9.39.12. They say that no one who has made the descent has been killed, save only one of the bodyguard of Demetrius. But they declare that he performed none of the usual rites in the sanctuary, and that he descended, not to consult the god but in the hope of stealing gold and silver from the shrine. It is said that the body of this man appeared in a different place, and was not cast out at the sacred mouth. Other tales are told about the fellow, but I have given the one most worthy of consideration. 9.39.13. After his ascent from Trophonius the inquirer is again taken in hand by the priests, who set him upon a chair called the chair of Memory, which stands not far from the shrine, and they ask of him, when seated there, all he has seen or learned. After gaining this information they then entrust him to his relatives. These lift him, paralyzed with terror and unconscious both of himself and of his surroundings, and carry him to the building where he lodged before with Good Fortune and the Good Spirit. Afterwards, however, he will recover all his faculties, and the power to laugh will return to him. 9.39.14. What I write is not hearsay; I have myself inquired of Trophonius and seen other inquirers. Those who have descended into the shrine of Trophonius are obliged to dedicate a tablet on which is written all that each has heard or seen. The shield also of Aristomenes is still preserved here. Its story I have already given in a former part of my work. See Paus. 4.16.7 to Paus. 4.32.6 . ' '. None

13. Philostratus The Athenian, Life of Apollonius, 1.7 (2nd cent. CE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Asklepios of Aegae in Epidauros dedication, literary evidence for incubation • Libanius, and proxy incubation • dreams and dream interpreters, incubation oracles • incubation oracles

Found in books: Johnston (2008) 90; Renberg (2017) 209

1.7. προϊὼν δὲ ἐς ἡλικίαν, ἐν ᾗ γράμματα, μνήμης τε ἰσχὺν ἐδήλου καὶ μελέτης κράτος, καὶ ἡ γλῶττα ̓Αττικῶς εἶχεν, οὐδ' ἀπήχθη τὴν φωνὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἔθνους, ὀφθαλμοί τε πάντες ἐς αὐτὸν ἐφέροντο, καὶ γὰρ περίβλεπτος ἦν τὴν ὥραν. γεγονότα δὲ αὐτὸν ἔτη τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἄγει ἐς Ταρσοὺς ὁ πατὴρ παρ' Εὐθύδημον τὸν ἐκ Φοινίκης. ὁ δὲ Εὐθύδημος ῥήτωρ τε ἀγαθὸς ἦν καὶ ἐπαίδευε τοῦτον, ὁ δὲ τοῦ μὲν διδασκάλου εἴχετο, τὸ δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἦθος ἄτοπόν τε ἡγεῖτο καὶ οὐ χρηστὸν ἐμφιλοσοφῆσαι, τρυφῆς τε γὰρ οὐδαμοῦ μᾶλλον ἅπτονται σκωπτόλαι τε καὶ ὑβρισταὶ πάντες καὶ δεδώκασι τῇ ὀθόνῃ μᾶλλον ἢ τῇ σοφίᾳ ̓Αθηναῖοι, ποταμός τε αὐτοὺς διαρρεῖ Κύδνος, ᾧ παρακάθηνται, καθάπερ τῶν ὀρνίθων οἱ ὑγροί. τό τοι“ παύσασθε μεθύοντες τῷ ὕδατι” ̓Απολλωνίῳ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐν ἐπιστολῇ εἴρηται. μεθίστησιν οὖν τὸν διδάσκαλον δεηθεὶς τοῦ πατρὸς ἐς Αἰγὰς τὰς πλησίον, ἐν αἷς ἡσυχία τε πρόσφορος τῷ φιλοσοφήσοντι καὶ σπουδαὶ νεανικώτεραι καὶ ἱερὸν ̓Ασκληπιοῦ καὶ ὁ ̓Ασκληπιὸς αὐτὸς ἐπίδηλος τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. ἐνταῦθα ξυνεφιλοσόφουν μὲν αὐτῷ Πλατώνειοί τε καὶ Χρυσίππειοι καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ περιπάτου, διήκουε δὲ καὶ τῶν ̓Επικούρου λόγων, οὐδὲ γὰρ τούτους ἀπεσπούδαζε, τοὺς δέ γε Πυθαγορείους ἀρρήτῳ τινὶ σοφίᾳ ξυνέλαβε: διδάσκαλος μὲν γὰρ ἦν αὐτῷ τῶν Πυθαγόρου λόγων οὐ πάνυ σπουδαῖος, οὐδὲ ἐνεργῷ τῇ φιλοσοφίᾳ χρώμενος, γαστρός τε γὰρ ἥττων ἦν καὶ ἀφροδισίων καὶ κατὰ τὸν ̓Επίκουρον ἐσχημάτιστο: ἦν δὲ οὗτος Εὔξενος ὁ ἐξ ̔Ηρακλείας τοῦ Πόντου, τὰς δὲ Πυθαγόρου δόξας ἐγίγνωσκεν, ὥσπερ οἱ ὄρνιθες ἃ μανθάνουσι παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, τὸ γὰρ “χαῖρε” καὶ τὸ “εὖ πρᾶττε” καὶ τὸ “Ζεὺς ἵλεως” καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα οἱ ὄρνιθες εὔχονται οὔτε εἰδότες ὅ τι λέγουσιν οὔτε διακείμενοι πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἀλλὰ ἐρρυθμισμένοι τὴν γλῶτταν: ὁ δέ, ὥσπερ οἱ νέοι τῶν ἀετῶν ἐν ἁπαλῷ μὲν τῷ πτερῷ παραπέτονται τοῖς γειναμένοις αὐτοὺς μελετώμενοι ὑπ' αὐτῶν τὴν πτῆσιν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ αἴρεσθαι δυνηθῶσιν, ὑπερπέτονται τοὺς γονέας ἄλλως τε κἂν λίχνους αἴσθωνται καὶ κνίσης ἕνεκα πρὸς τῇ γῇ πετομένους, οὕτω καὶ ὁ ̓Απολλώνιος προσεῖχέ τε τῷ Εὐξένῳ παῖς ἔτι καὶ ἤγετο ὑπ' αὐτοῦ βαίνων ἐπὶ τοῦ λόγου, προελθὼν δὲ ἐς ἔτος δέκατον καὶ ἕκτον ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ τὸν τοῦ Πυθαγόρου βίον, πτερωθεὶς ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὑπό τινος κρείττονος. οὐ μὴν τόν γε Εὔξενον ἐπαύσατο ἀγαπῶν, ἀλλ' ἐξαιτήσας αὐτῷ προάστειον παρὰ τοῦ πατρός, ἐν ᾧ κῆποί τε ἁπαλοὶ ἦσαν καὶ πηγαί, “σὺ μὲν ζῆθι τὸν σεαυτοῦ τρόπον” ἔφη “ἐγὼ δὲ τὸν Πυθαγόρου ζήσομαι”."". None

1.7. ON reaching the age when children are taught their letters, he showed great strength of memory and power of application; and his tongue affected the Attic dialect, nor was his accent corrupted by the race he lived among. All eyes were turned upon him, for he was, moreover, conspicuous for his beauty. When he reached his fourteenth year, his father brought him to Tarsus, to Euthydemus the teacher from Phoenicia. Now Euthydemus was a good rhetor, and began his education; but, though he was attached to his teacher, he found the atmosphere of the city harsh and strange and little conducive to the philosophic life, for nowhere are men more addicted than here to luxury; jesters and full of insolence are they all; and they attend more to their fine linen than the Athenians did to wisdom; and a stream called the Cydnus runs through their city, along the banks of which they sit like so many water-fowl. Hence the words which Apollonius addresses to them in his letter: Be done with getting drunk upon your water. He therefore transferred his teacher, with his father's consent, to the town of Aegae, which was close by, where he found a peace congenial to one who would be a philosopher, and a more serious school of study and a sanctuary of Asclepius, where that god reveals himself in person to men. There he had as his companions in philosophy followers of Plato and Chrysippus and peripatetic philosophers. And he diligently attended also to the discourses of Epicurus, for he did not despise these either, although it was to those of Pythagoras that he applied himself with unspeakable wisdom and ardor. However, his teacher of the Pythagorean system was not a very serious person, nor one who practiced in his conduct the philosophy he taught; for he was the slave of his belly and appetites, and modeled himself upon Epicurus. And this man was Euxenus from the town of Heraclea in Pontus, and he knew the principles of Pythagoras just as birds know what they learn from men; for the birds will wish you farewell, and say Good day or Zeus help you, and such like, without understanding what they say and without any real sympathy for mankind, merely because they have been trained to move their tongue in a certain manner. Apollonius, however, was like the young eagles who, as long as they are not fully fledged, fly alongside of their parents and are trained by them in flight, but who, as soon as they are able to rise in the air, outsoar the parent birds, especially when they perceive the latter to be greedy and to be flying along the ground in order to snuff the quarry; like them Apollonius attended Euxenus as long as he was a child and was guided by him in the path of argument, but when he reached his sixteenth year he indulged his impulse towards the life of Pythagoras, being fledged and winged thereto by some higher power. Notwithstanding he did not cease to love Euxenus, nay, he persuaded his father to present him with a villa outside the town, where there were tender groves and fountains, and he said to him: Now you live there your own life, but I will live that of Pythagoras."". None

14. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, celebration after cure • Asklepieia, role for priests or physicians in incubation(?) • Incubation (Greek), public nature • incubation

Found in books: Harkins and Maier (2022) 167; Renberg (2017) 260

15. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aelius Aristides, incubation in different areas of Pergamon Asklepieion • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation preceding therapeutic • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, Asklepios employing medicine • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, date of play • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, problem of setting at Athens or Peiraeus • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, terminology for incubation • Asklepieia, incubation in temple pronaos area • Asklepieia, privileged access for prominent incubators(?) • Asklepieia, purity requirements for incubation • Asklepieia, question of incubation in temples • Asklepieia, structural evidence for incubation • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Asklepios and incubation reliefs • Asklepios and incubation reliefs, problem of whether reliefs show incubation stoa • Asklepios of Aegae in Epidauros dedication, literary evidence for incubation • Athens Asklepieion, Doric East Stoa and incubation • Athens Asklepieion, incubation by Plutarch • Athens Asklepieion, question of incubation in temple • Epidauros Asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, written sources for incubation • Hierapolis (Phrygia), claims of incubation at Apollo sanctuary and Ploutonion • Incubation • Incubation, at tombs • Incubation, divinatory vs. therapeutic incubation • Incubation, terms for incubation (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation, non-technical (Greek) • Pergamon Asklepieion, dedicatory formulas and incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, great and small incubation structures • Pergamon Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation (excluding Aristides) • Trikka Asklepieion, Isyllos Hymn evidence of incubation(?) • Trikka Asklepieion, literary evidence for incubation • dream incubation • incubation • incubation, incubation building • incubation, incubation hall

Found in books: Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 77; Griffiths (1975) 272; Lipka (2021) 175, 176, 194, 195; Renberg (2017) 9, 22, 136, 137, 144, 173, 175, 199, 201, 202, 218, 230, 245, 246, 247, 248, 310, 533; Russell and Nesselrath (2014) 83, 84; Trapp et al (2016) 62, 111, 112, 113

16. Origen, Against Celsus, 3.24 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation • Kos Asklepieion, literary evidence for incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation (excluding Aristides) • Trikka Asklepieion, Isyllos Hymn evidence of incubation(?) • Trikka Asklepieion, literary evidence for incubation • incubation

Found in books: Renberg (2017) 203; Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 132

3.24. And again, when it is said of Æsculapius that a great multitude both of Greeks and Barbarians acknowledge that they have frequently seen, and still see, no mere phantom, but Æsculapius himself, healing and doing good, and foretelling the future; Celsus requires us to believe this, and finds no fault with the believers in Jesus, when we express our belief in such stories, but when we give our assent to the disciples, and eye-witnesses of the miracles of Jesus, who clearly manifest the honesty of their convictions (because we see their guilelessness, as far as it is possible to see the conscience revealed in writing), we are called by him a set of silly individuals, although he cannot demonstrate that an incalculable number, as he asserts, of Greeks and Barbarians acknowledge the existence of Æsculapius; while we, if we deem this a matter of importance, can clearly show a countless multitude of Greeks and Barbarians who acknowledge the existence of Jesus. And some give evidence of their having received through this faith a marvellous power by the cures which they perform, revoking no other name over those who need their help than that of the God of all things, and of Jesus, along with a mention of His history. For by these means we too have seen many persons freed from grievous calamities, and from distractions of mind, and madness, and countless other ills, which could be cured neither by men nor devils. ''. None

17. Porphyry, On Abstinence, 2.19.5 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Asklepieia, purity requirements for incubation • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, great and small incubation structures • incubation

Found in books: Lupu(2005) 17; Renberg (2017) 211

2.19.5. 19.But those who have written concerning sacred operations and sacrifices, admonish us to be accurate in preserving what pertains to the popana, because these are more acceptable to the Gods than the sacrifice which is performed through the mactation of animals. Sophocles also, in describing a sacrifice which is pleasing to divinity, says in his Polyidus: The skins of sheep in sacrifice were used, Libations too of wine, grapes well preserved, And fruits collected in a heap of every kind; The olive's pinguid juice, and waxen work Most variegated, of the yellow bee. Formerly, also, there were venerable monuments in Delos of those who came from the Hyperboreans, bearing handfuls of fruits. It is necessary, therefore, that, being purified in our manners, we should make oblations, offering to the Gods those sacrifices which are pleasing to them, and not such as are attended with great expense. Now, however, if a man's body is not pure and invested with a splendid garment, he does not think it is qualified for the sanctity of sacrifice. But when he has rendered his body splendid, together with his garment, though his soul at the same time is not, purified from vice, yet he betakes himself to sacrifice, and thinks that it is a thing of no consequence; as if divinity did not especially rejoice in that which is most divine in our nature, when it is in a pure condition, as being allied to his essence. In Epidaurus, therefore, there was the following inscription on the doors of the temple: Into an odorous temple, he who goes Should pure and holy be; but to be wise In what to sanctity pertains, is to be pure.

18. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Abydos Memnonion, Osiris-Sarapis and divinatory incubation • Aiane, sanctuary of Pluto, speculation regarding incubation • Bes and Dionysos cult, and divinatory incubation at Abydos • Byzantium, speculation regarding Dioskouroi and incubation • Dedicatory formulas (Greek and Latin), speculatively associated with incubation • Djorf Torba, rock-cut chambers and incubation • Glykon, claim of incubation • Ḥor of Sebennytos, and incubation • Imhotep, divinatory incubation • Incubation (Egyptian and Greco-Egyptian), and hemerologies • Incubation (Egyptian and Greco-Egyptian), festivals and divinatory incubation • Kabeira, temple of Men Pharnakos claim of incubation • Sacred animals (Egyptian), sacred animal necropolises and incubation • Siwa Ammoneion, speculation regarding incubation • Slonta, rupestral sanctuaries and incubation • Soknopaiou Nesos, speculation regarding incubation at Isis Nepherses temple • Syria, speculation regarding incubation at Paneas shrine of Pan • Thoth, divinatory incubation at Saqqâra • healing, incubation (healing dreams and visions) • incubation • oracles, incubation • therapeutic incubation at Saqqâra, utterances (ẖt-mdt.w)

Found in books: Bortolani et al (2019) 165, 166, 173; Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 143; Renberg (2017) 433, 434, 496, 525, 743

19. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Incubation, divinatory vs. therapeutic incubation • Incubation, fertility-related incubation • Incubation, therapeutic incubation and chronic ailments • Incubation, therapeutic incubation as alternative to failed medical treatment • incubation

Found in books: Renberg (2017) 23; Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 130, 148

20. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 4771, 4960
Tagged with subjects: • Asklepieia, role for neokoroi/zakoroi in incubation(?) • Asklepieia, structural evidence for incubation • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Peiraeus Asklepieion, incubation reliefs • Peiraeus Asklepieion, incubation represented on Telemachos Monument(?) • Sarapis, incubation in cult • incubation

Found in books: Renberg (2017) 153, 187, 346; Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 78, 124

4771. The columns (kionia) and pediment (aitoma) and the latticed partitions (kinklides) and the (statue of) Aphrodite she dedicated to the Goddess from her own resources (5) having repaired both (the statue of) the goddess itself and the things related to it; she was her lamplighter (luchnaptria) and dream-interpreter (oneirokritis). In charge of the vestments was Aemilius (10) Attikos of Melite; the priest, bearer (iakchagogos) of the image of Iakchos, was the son of Dionysios of Marathon, temple attendant (zakoros) and bearer of the holy vessels (hagiaphoros) was Eukarpos. text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG II²
4771 - Dedication of a shrine to Aphrodite/Isis ' '. None

21. Strabo, Geography, 6.3.9
Tagged with subjects: • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation • Amphiaraos, incubation reliefs and representation of ram skins • Asklepieia, incubation at sanctuaries of Asklepioss offspring/descendants(?) • Calchas, shrine at Mt. Drion, use of black ram skins for divinatory incubation • Dodona, sanctuary of Zeus, Selloi/Helloi possibly incubating • Faunus, incubation oracle at Albunea • Hermione (Menelauss daughter), and divinatory incubation • Incubation (Greek), ram (and sheep) skins linked to incubation • Incubation (Greek), ram skins in reliefs an artistic convention(?) • Incubation, terms for incubation (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation, non-technical (Greek) • Oropos Amphiareion, ram sacrifice preceding incubation and use of skin(?) • Podalirios, heroon at Mt. Drion, question of Lykophrons reliability regarding incubation • Podalirios, heroon at Mt. Drion, use of sheep skins for incubation • Rhamnous Amphiareion, incubation relief • dreams and dream interpreters, incubation oracles • healing, incubation (healing dreams and visions) • incubation oracles • oracles, incubation

Found in books: Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 479; Johnston (2008) 91; Renberg (2017) 8, 305, 314, 322

6.3.9. From Barium to the Aufidus River, on which is the Emporium of the Canusitae is four hundred stadia and the voyage inland to Emporium is ninety. Near by is also Salapia, the seaport of the Argyrippini. For not far above the sea (in the plain, at all events) are situated two cities, Canusium and Argyrippa, which in earlier times were the largest of the Italiote cities, as is clear from the circuits of their walls. Now, however, Argyrippa is smaller; it was called Argos Hippium at first, then Argyrippa, and then by the present name Arpi. Both are said to have been founded by Diomedes. And as signs of the dominion of Diomedes in these regions are to be seen the Plain of Diomedes and many other things, among which are the old votive offerings in the sanctuary of Athene at Luceria — a place which likewise was in ancient times a city of the Daunii, but is now reduced — and, in the sea near by, two islands that are called the Islands of Diomedes, of which one is inhabited, while the other, it is said, is desert; on the latter, according to certain narrators of myths, Diomedes was caused to disappear, and his companions were changed to birds, and to this day, in fact, remain tame and live a sort of human life, not only in their orderly ways but also in their tameness towards honorable men and in their flight from wicked and knavish men. But I have already mentioned the stories constantly told among the Heneti about this hero and the rites which are observed in his honor. It is thought that Sipus also was founded by Diomedes, which is about one hundred and forty stadia distant from Salapia; at any rate it was named Sepius in Greek after the sepia that are cast ashore by the waves. Between Salapia and Sipus is a navigable river, and also a large lake that opens into the sea; and the merchandise from Sipus, particularly grain, is brought down on both. In Daunia, on a hill by the name of Drium, are to be seen two hero-temples: one, to Calchas, on the very summit, where those who consult the oracle sacrifice to his shade a black ram and sleep in the hide, and the other, to Podaleirius, down near the base of the hill, this sanctuary being about one hundred stadia distant from the sea; and from it flows a stream which is a cure-all for diseases of animals. In front of this gulf is a promontory, Garganum, which extends towards the east for a distance of three hundred stadia into the high sea; doubling the headland, one comes to a small town, Urium, and off the headland are to be seen the Islands of Diomedes. This whole country produces everything in great quantity, and is excellent for horses and sheep; but though the wool is softer than the Tarantine, it is not so glossy. And the country is well sheltered, because the plains lie in hollows. According to some, Diomedes even tried to cut a canal as far as the sea, but left behind both this and the rest of his undertakings only half-finished, because he was summoned home and there ended his life. This is one account of him; but there is also a second, that he stayed here till the end of his life; and a third, the aforesaid mythical account, which tells of his disappearance in the island; and as a fourth one might set down the account of the Heneti, for they too tell a mythical story of how he in some way came to his end in their country, and they call it his apotheosis.''. None

22. Vergil, Aeneis, 6.895-6.896, 7.81-7.106
Tagged with subjects: • Abydos Memnonion, Osiris-Sarapis and divinatory incubation • Akaraka Charonion and Ploutonion, priestly incubation • Amphiaraos, divinatory incubation • Amphiaraos, incubation reliefs and representation of ram skins • Calchas, shrine at Mt. Drion, use of black ram skins for divinatory incubation • Dodona, sanctuary of Zeus, Selloi/Helloi possibly incubating • Faunus, incubation oracle at Albunea • Incubation (Christian) • Incubation (Egyptian and Greco-Egyptian), Underworld associations of divinities consulted • Incubation (Greek), associated with chthonic divinities and divinized mortals • Incubation (Greek), ram (and sheep) skins linked to incubation • Incubation (Greek), ram skins in reliefs an artistic convention(?) • Incubation (Greek), rarity of priestly incubation • Incubation, and chthonic divinities • Incubation, at tombs • Isis, Underworld association and incubation • Mari (ancient Near Eastern kingdom), priestly incubation • Numa, incubation at Faunus oracle • Oropos Amphiareion, ram sacrifice preceding incubation and use of skin(?) • Podalirios, heroon at Mt. Drion, use of sheep skins for incubation • Rhamnous Amphiareion, incubation relief • dream incubation • incubation • incubation,

Found in books: Edmonds (2019) 219; Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 87; Ker and Wessels (2020) 115, 119; Renberg (2017) 33, 314, 617

6.895. altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto, 6.896. sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes.
7.81. At rex sollicitus monstris oracula Fauni, 7.82. fatidici genitoris, adit lucosque sub alta 7.83. consulit Albunea, nemorum quae maxima sacro 7.84. fonte sonat saevamque exhalat opaca mephitim. 7.85. Hinc Italae gentes omnisque Oenotria tellus 7.86. in dubiis responsa petunt; huc dona sacerdos 7.87. cum tulit et caesarum ovium sub nocte silenti 7.88. pellibus incubuit stratis somnosque petivit, 7.89. multa modis simulacra videt volitantia miris 7.90. et varias audit voces fruiturque deorum 7.91. conloquio atque imis Acheronta adfatur Avernis. 7.92. Hic et tum pater ipse petens responsa Latinus 7.93. centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentis 7.94. atque harum effultus tergo stratisque iacebat 7.95. velleribus: subita ex alto vox reddita luco est: 7.96. Ne pete conubiis natam sociare Latinis,' '7.102. Haec responsa patris Fauni monitusque silenti 7.104. sed circum late volitans iam Fama per urbes 7.105. Ausonias tulerat, cum Laomedontia pubes 7.106. gramineo ripae religavit ab aggere classem.''. None

6.895. Numbered the lapse of days, nor did my thought ' "6.896. Deceive. 0, o'er what lands and seas wast driven " '
7.81. Laurentian, which his realm and people bear. 7.82. Unto this tree-top, wonderful to tell, 7.83. came hosts of bees, with audible acclaim 7.84. voyaging the stream of air, and seized a place 7.85. on the proud, pointing crest, where the swift swarm, 7.86. with interlacement of close-clinging feet, 7.87. wung from the leafy bough. “Behold, there comes,” 7.88. the prophet cried, “a husband from afar! 7.89. To the same region by the self-same path ' "7.90. behold an arm'd host taking lordly sway " "7.91. upon our city's crown!” Soon after this, " '7.92. when, coming to the shrine with torches pure, ' "7.93. Lavinia kindled at her father's side " '7.94. the sacrifice, swift seemed the flame to burn 7.95. along her flowing hair—O sight of woe! 7.96. Over her broidered snood it sparkling flew, 7.97. lighting her queenly tresses and her crown 7.98. of jewels rare: then, wrapt in flaming cloud, ' "7.99. from hall to hall the fire-god's gift she flung. " '7.100. This omen dread and wonder terrible 7.101. was rumored far: for prophet-voices told ' "7.102. bright honors on the virgin's head to fall " '7.104. The King, sore troubled by these portents, sought 7.105. oracular wisdom of his sacred sire, 7.106. Faunus, the fate-revealer, where the groves ' '. None

23. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Asklepios, comparison with Christian incubation • Christian asceticism, incubation of Martha • Incubation (Christian) • Incubation (Christian), compared with incubation at Asklepieia • Incubation (Christian), comparison of eastern and western saints hagiographies • Incubation (Christian), prescriptive dreams and medicine • Incubation (Christian), problem of defining Christian incubation • women, Martha (healed incubant)

Found in books: Huebner and Laes (2019) 315, 316; Renberg (2017) 795

24. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Christian asceticism, incubation of Martha • Incubation (Christian) • Incubation (Christian), miraculous cures obtainable sleeping away from church • Incubation (Christian), problem of defining Christian incubation • Incubation (Christian), unintentional incubation • women, Martha (healed incubant)

Found in books: Huebner and Laes (2019) 316; Renberg (2017) 796

25. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • incubation • incubation, at Oropus

Found in books: Ekroth (2013) 142; Lupu(2005) 10, 221

26. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Amphiaraos, incubation reliefs • Amphiaraos, incubation reliefs and representation of ram skins • Amphiaraos, therapeutic incubation • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, evidence for bedding materials brought from home • Asklepieia, role for neokoroi/zakoroi in incubation(?) • Asklepieia, role for priests or physicians in incubation(?) • Asklepieia, sacrificial ram skins used for incubation(?) • Asklepieia, structural evidence for incubation • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Asklepios and incubation reliefs • Asklepios, epigraphical terms for incubation • Athens Asklepieion, incubation reliefs • Dedicatory objects, reliefs representing incubation • Epidauros Miracle Inscriptions, terms employed for incubation • Incubation • Incubation (Greek), public nature • Incubation (Greek), question of sexes sleeping separately • Incubation (Greek), ram (and sheep) skins linked to incubation • Incubation (Greek), represented in reliefs • Incubation, extended incubation • Incubation, ritual incubation vs. private dream-divination • Incubation, terms for incubation (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation structures (Greek) • Incubation, terms for incubation, non-technical (Greek) • Kos Asklepieion, problem of where incubation practiced • Lebena Asklepieion, epigraphical sources for incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, animal sacrifice in leges sacrae linked to incubation(?) • Oropos Amphiareion, bench in incubation stoa • Oropos Amphiareion, incubation reliefs • Oropos Amphiareion, incubation stoa • Oropos Amphiareion, incubation stoa (original structure) • Oropos Amphiareion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, literary sources for incubation • Oropos Amphiareion, public identification of those incubating • Oropos Amphiareion, ram sacrifice preceding incubation and use of skin(?) • Oropos Amphiareion, terms for incubation in leges sacrae • Pergamon Asklepieion, Buildings 27/28 and incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, great and small incubation structures • Pergamon Asklepieion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Rhamnous Amphiareion, incubation relief • Troizen Asklepieion, testimony about worshiper urged to incubate at Epidauros

Found in books: Renberg (2017) 10, 15, 146, 191, 194, 228, 275, 276, 277, 280, 283, 284, 285, 286, 291, 628, 650; Wilding (2022) 16, 40, 65, 68, 69, 73, 74, 75

27. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, written sources for incubation • Lebena Asklepieion, epigraphical sources for incubation • healing, incubation (healing dreams and visions) • oracles, incubation

Found in books: Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 510; Renberg (2017) 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178

28. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, celebration after cure • Asklepieia, post-incubation offerings and gifts • Asklepieia, purity requirements for incubation • Asklepieia, role for priests or physicians in incubation(?) • Asklepieia, written evidence for incubation • Epidauros Asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation • Incubation (Greek), public nature • Incubation, in Latin West • Pergamon Asklepieion, leges sacrae pertaining to incubation • Pergamon Asklepieion, literary sources for incubation (excluding Aristides) • Rome Asklepieia, dedicatory inscription suggesting incubation • Rome Asklepieia, problem of where in Rome incubation practiced • incubation

Found in books: Chaniotis (2012) 182; Renberg (2017) 197, 207, 231, 236, 260, 263

29. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Incubation

Found in books: Griffiths (1975) 272; Petridou (2016) 457

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Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database