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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

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Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

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All subjects (including unvalidated):
subject book bibliographic info
humour Culík-Baird (2022), Cicero and the Early Latin Poets, 58, 100, 101, 136, 144, 202
Edelmann-Singer et al. (2020), Sceptic and Believer in Ancient Mediterranean Religions, 61, 64, 65, 67, 143, 148, 149, 154, 158, 159, 160, 198
Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 1, 15, 16, 17, 94, 96, 97, 117, 123, 126, 132, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 162, 175, 202, 211, 238, 241, 245, 246, 247, 249
Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 91, 110, 179
Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 91, 110, 179
Kneebone (2020), Orthodoxy and the Courts in Late Antiquity, 328, 329, 330, 331, 367, 409
Laemmle (2021), Lists and Catalogues in Ancient Literature and Beyond: Towards a Poetics of Enumeration, 339
Laes Goodey and Rose (2013), Disabilities in Roman Antiquity: Disparate Bodies, 33, 222
Liddel (2020), Decrees of Fourth-Century Athens (403/2-322/1 BC): Volume 2, Political and Cultural Perspectives, 220
Meister (2019), Greek Praise Poetry and the Rhetoric of Divinity, 71, 72
Moxon (2017), Peter's Halakhic Nightmare: The 'Animal' Vision of Acts 10:9–16 in Jewish and Graeco-Roman Perspective. 42
Tacoma (2020), Cicero and Roman Education: The Reception of the Speeches and Ancient Scholarship, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 143, 144, 145, 146
de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 282, 456, 460, 464, 465, 646, 651
humour, also humoral Singer and van Eijk (2018), Galen: Works on Human Nature: Volume 1, Mixtures (De Temperamentis), 7, 32, 35, 46, 62, 117, 125, 138, 149
humour, and, decrees Liddel (2020), Decrees of Fourth-Century Athens (403/2-322/1 BC): Volume 2, Political and Cultural Perspectives, 220
humour, cold Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 241
humour, name puns Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 42, 94, 112, 150, 161, 167, 174
Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 42, 94, 112, 150, 161, 167, 174
humour, novels Bowie (2023), Essays on Ancient Greek Literature and Culture, Volume 2: Comedy, Herodotus, Hellenistic and Imperial Greek Poetry, the Novels. 468, 643, 858
humour, physical Alexiou and Cairns (2017), Greek Laughter and Tears: Antiquity and After. 224, 225, 226, 234, 240, 241, 303, 391
humour, scatological Seim and Okland (2009), Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity, 210, 217, 218
humour, shadow theatre, puppet Alexiou and Cairns (2017), Greek Laughter and Tears: Antiquity and After. 391, 392, 394, 396, 397, 399
humour, verbal Alexiou and Cairns (2017), Greek Laughter and Tears: Antiquity and After. 17, 76, 108, 110, 118, 119, 120, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 226, 227, 234, 399
humour, visual Alexiou and Cairns (2017), Greek Laughter and Tears: Antiquity and After. 274
humoural, theory Laes Goodey and Rose (2013), Disabilities in Roman Antiquity: Disparate Bodies, 54, 60, 63, 65, 158
humours Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 96, 97, 99, 165
Clarke, King, Baltussen (2023), Pain Narratives in Greco-Roman Writings: Studies in the Representation of Physical and Mental Suffering. 23, 24, 25, 31, 49, 50, 52, 127, 133, 134, 165, 166
Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 188, 215, 223, 320
Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2012), Medical Understandings of Emotions in Antiquity: Theory, Practice, Suffering, 3, 47, 164, 204
van der EIjk (2005), Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, 24, 90, 159
humours, coction hymen Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 84
humours, four Seaford, Wilkins, Wright (2017), Selfhood and the Soul: Essays on Ancient Thought and Literature in Honour of Christopher Gill. 290
humours, four basic Inwood and Warren (2020), Body and Soul in Hellenistic Philosophy, 64, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 85, 86, 151
humours, four, black bile Seaford, Wilkins, Wright (2017), Selfhood and the Soul: Essays on Ancient Thought and Literature in Honour of Christopher Gill. 290, 291, 292, 296, 297, 298
humours, four, yellow bile Seaford, Wilkins, Wright (2017), Selfhood and the Soul: Essays on Ancient Thought and Literature in Honour of Christopher Gill. 174, 191, 288, 289
humours, galen and pseudo-galen, works, on the Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 357
humours, imbalance of Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2012), Medical Understandings of Emotions in Antiquity: Theory, Practice, Suffering, 49, 273
humours, on, channels of the body, character, influence of Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 340
humours, theory of van der EIjk (2005), Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, 141, 153

List of validated texts:
20 validated results for "humour"
1. Hebrew Bible, Esther, 1.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Book of Judith, irony and humor • humor(ous)

 Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 380; Johnson Dupertuis and Shea (2018), Reading and Teaching Ancient Fiction : Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman Narratives 110

sup>
1.13 וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לַחֲכָמִים יֹדְעֵי הָעִתִּים כִּי־כֵן דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ לִפְנֵי כָּל־יֹדְעֵי דָּת וָדִין׃'' None		sup>
1.13 Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times—for so was the king’s manner toward all that knew law and judgment;'' None
2. Plato, Timaeus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humours

 Found in books: Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 96, 97; Lloyd (1989), The Revolutions of Wisdom: Studies in the Claims and Practice of Ancient Greek Science, 204

91c ταῖς γυναιξὶν αὖ μῆτραί τε καὶ ὑστέραι λεγόμεναι διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα, ζῷον ἐπιθυμητικὸν ἐνὸν τῆς παιδοποιίας, ὅταν ἄκαρπον παρὰ τὴν ὥραν χρόνον πολὺν γίγνηται, χαλεπῶς ἀγανακτοῦν φέρει, καὶ πλανώμενον πάντῃ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, τὰς τοῦ πνεύματος διεξόδους ἀποφράττον, ἀναπνεῖν οὐκ ἐῶν εἰς ἀπορίας τὰς ἐσχάτας ἐμβάλλει καὶ νόσους παντοδαπὰς ἄλλας παρέχει, μέχριπερ ἂν ἑκατέρων ἡ ἐπιθυμία καὶ ὁ'' None91c And in women again, owing to the same causes, whenever the matrix or womb, as it is called,—which is an indwelling creature desirous of child-bearing,—remains without fruit long beyond the due season, it is vexed and takes it ill; and by straying all ways through the body and blocking up the passages of the breath and preventing respiration it casts the body into the uttermost distress, and causes, moreover, all kinds of maladies; until the desire and love of the two sexes unite them. Then, culling as it were the fruit from trees,'' None
3. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour • sex/sexual humour

 Found in books: Kanellakis (2020), Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise, 146; Laemmle (2021), Lists and Catalogues in Ancient Literature and Beyond: Towards a Poetics of Enumeration, 339
4. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humor, sexual • sex/sexual humour

 Found in books: Hubbard (2014), A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities, 139; Kanellakis (2020), Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise, 125
5. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Humours, four basic • cold, humour • humors • humors, theory of four

 Found in books: Inwood and Warren (2020), Body and Soul in Hellenistic Philosophy, 75; Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 236, 241; Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 525
6. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humors • humors,

 Found in books: Edmonds (2019), Drawing Down the Moon: Magic in the Ancient Greco-Roman World, 138; Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 204
7. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humors, theory of four • humours

 Found in books: Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 240; van der EIjk (2005), Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, 159
8. Septuagint, Judith, 4.12, 5.12, 6.9, 6.18, 7.22, 13.1 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Book of Judith, irony and humor • humor(ous)

 Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 183, 225, 226, 241, 347, 417; Johnson Dupertuis and Shea (2018), Reading and Teaching Ancient Fiction : Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman Narratives 171, 172

sup>
4.12 They even surrounded the altar with sackcloth and cried out in unison, praying earnestly to the God of Israel not to give up their infants as prey and their wives as booty, and the cities they had inherited to be destroyed, and the sanctuary to be profaned and desecrated to the malicious joy of the Gentiles.
5.12 Then they cried out to their God, and he afflicted the whole land of Egypt with incurable plagues; and so the Egyptians drove them out of their sight. ' "
13.1 When evening came, his slaves quickly withdrew, and Bagoas closed the tent from outside and shut out the attendants from his master's presence; and they went to bed, for they all were weary because the banquet had lasted long. " ' None
9. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour, name puns

 Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 94; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 94
10. New Testament, Ephesians, 5.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • absence of in parables, fables as humorous • against Aesop, against humor • humour, physical

 Found in books: Alexiou and Cairns (2017), Greek Laughter and Tears: Antiquity and After. 224; Strong (2021), The Fables of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke: A New Foundation for the Study of Parables 360

sup>
5.4 καθὼς πρέπει ἁγίοις, καὶ αἰσχρότης καὶ μωρολογία ἢ εὐτραπελία, ἃ οὐκ ἀνῆκεν, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εὐχαριστία.'' None		sup>
5.4 nor filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not appropriate; but rather giving of thanks. '' None
11. New Testament, Luke, 16.24 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Humour • absence of in parables, fables as humorous

 Found in books: Moxon (2017), Peter's Halakhic Nightmare: The 'Animal' Vision of Acts 10:9–16 in Jewish and Graeco-Roman Perspective. 42; Strong (2021), The Fables of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke: A New Foundation for the Study of Parables 370

sup>
16.24 καὶ αὐτὸς φωνήσας εἶπεν Πάτερ Ἀβραάμ, ἐλέησόν με καὶ πέμψον Λάζαρον ἴνα βάψῃ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ δακτύλου αὐτοῦ ὕδατος καὶ καταψύξῃ τὴν γλῶσσάν μου, ὅτι ὀδυνῶμαι ἐν τῇ φλογὶ ταύτῃ.'' None		sup>
16.24 He cried and said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue! For I am in anguish in this flame.' "" None
12. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour

 Found in books: Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 150; Tacoma (2020), Cicero and Roman Education: The Reception of the Speeches and Ancient Scholarship, 26, 29, 34, 40, 42, 52, 56
13. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 59.11.4 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour

 Found in books: Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 150; Tacoma (2020), Cicero and Roman Education: The Reception of the Speeches and Ancient Scholarship, 34

sup>
59.11.4 \xa0Indeed, a certain Livius Geminius, a senator, declared on oath, invoking destruction upon himself and his children if he spoke falsely, that he had seen her ascending to heaven and holding converse with the gods; and he called all the other gods and Panthea herself to witness. For this declaration he received a\xa0million sesterces.'' None
14. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 1.1, 9.16 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour, name puns

 Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 150; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 150

sup>
1.1 To Septicius. You have constantly urged me to collect and publish the more highly finished of the letters that I may have written. I have made such a collection, but without preserving the order in which they were composed, as I was not writing a historical narrative. So I have taken them as they happened to come to hand. I can only hope that you will not have cause to regret the advice you gave, and that I shall not repent having followed it; for I shall set to work to recover such letters as have up to now been tossed on one side, and I shall not keep back any that I may write in the future. Farewell..
9.16 To Mamilianus. I am not surprised that you have been immensely pleased with your sport, considering how productive it was, for you are like the historians when they say that the number of the slain was beyond all computation. Personally, I have neither time nor inclination for sport; no time, because the grape harvest is now on, and no inclination, because it is a poor crop. However, I am drawing off some new verses instead of new must, and as soon as I see that they have fermented I will send them to you, as you have very kindly asked for them. Farewell. '' None
15. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Galen and Pseudo-Galen, works,, On the Humours • Humor in philosophy

 Found in books: Bett (2019), How to be a Pyrrhonist: The Practice and Significance of Pyrrhonian Scepticism, 59; Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 357
16. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Humours • humours, four • humours, four, black bile

 Found in books: Petridou (2016), Homo Patiens: Approaches to the Patient in the Ancient World, 208, 213, 214; Seaford, Wilkins, Wright (2017), Selfhood and the Soul: Essays on Ancient Thought and Literature in Honour of Christopher Gill. 290
17. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Humours, four basic • humours, four, yellow bile

 Found in books: Inwood and Warren (2020), Body and Soul in Hellenistic Philosophy, 86; Seaford, Wilkins, Wright (2017), Selfhood and the Soul: Essays on Ancient Thought and Literature in Honour of Christopher Gill. 191
18. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour, name puns

 Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 42; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 42
19. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour • humour, name puns

 Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 42, 91, 94, 110, 112, 150, 161, 167, 174, 179; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 42, 91, 94, 110, 112, 150, 161, 167, 174, 179
20. None, None, nan (6th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • humour, name puns

 Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 150; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 150



Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.