1. Hebrew Bible, Song of Songs, None (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 331| 6.11. "אֶל־גִּנַּת אֱגוֹז יָרַדְתִּי לִרְאוֹת בְּאִבֵּי הַנָּחַל לִרְאוֹת הֲפָרְחָה הַגֶּפֶן הֵנֵצוּ הָרִמֹּנִים׃", | 6.11. I went down into the garden of nuts, To look at the green plants of the valley, To see whether the vine budded, And the pomegranates were in flower. |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 28.15-28.69 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 142| 28.15. "וְהָיָה אִם־לֹא תִשְׁמַע בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם וּבָאוּ עָלֶיךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָלוֹת הָאֵלֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגוּךָ׃", 28.16. "אָרוּר אַתָּה בָּעִיר וְאָרוּר אַתָּה בַּשָּׂדֶה׃", 28.17. "אָרוּר טַנְאֲךָ וּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּךָ׃", 28.18. "אָרוּר פְּרִי־בִטְנְךָ וּפְרִי אַדְמָתֶךָ שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרוֹת צֹאנֶךָ׃", 28.19. "אָרוּר אַתָּה בְּבֹאֶךָ וְאָרוּר אַתָּה בְּצֵאתֶךָ׃", 28.21. "יַדְבֵּק יְהוָה בְּךָ אֶת־הַדָּבֶר עַד כַּלֹּתוֹ אֹתְךָ מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃", 28.22. "יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בַּשַּׁחֶפֶת וּבַקַּדַּחַת וּבַדַּלֶּקֶת וּבַחַרְחֻר וּבַחֶרֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפוֹן וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן וּרְדָפוּךָ עַד אָבְדֶךָ׃", 28.23. "וְהָיוּ שָׁמֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ נְחֹשֶׁת וְהָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתֶּיךָ בַּרְזֶל׃", 28.24. "יִתֵּן יְהוָה אֶת־מְטַר אַרְצְךָ אָבָק וְעָפָר מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם יֵרֵד עָלֶיךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ׃", 28.25. "יִתֶּנְךָ יְהוָה נִגָּף לִפְנֵי אֹיְבֶיךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד תֵּצֵא אֵלָיו וּבְשִׁבְעָה דְרָכִים תָּנוּס לְפָנָיו וְהָיִיתָ לְזַעֲוָה לְכֹל מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ׃", 28.26. "וְהָיְתָה נִבְלָתְךָ לְמַאֲכָל לְכָל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּלְבֶהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד׃", 28.27. "יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בִּשְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם ובעפלים [וּבַטְּחֹרִים] וּבַגָּרָב וּבֶחָרֶס אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תוּכַל לְהֵרָפֵא׃", 28.28. "יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בְּשִׁגָּעוֹן וּבְעִוָּרוֹן וּבְתִמְהוֹן לֵבָב׃", 28.29. "וְהָיִיתָ מְמַשֵּׁשׁ בַּצָּהֳרַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר יְמַשֵּׁשׁ הָעִוֵּר בָּאֲפֵלָה וְלֹא תַצְלִיחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶיךָ וְהָיִיתָ אַךְ עָשׁוּק וְגָזוּל כָּל־הַיָּמִים וְאֵין מוֹשִׁיעַ׃", 28.31. "שׁוֹרְךָ טָבוּחַ לְעֵינֶיךָ וְלֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ חֲמֹרְךָ גָּזוּל מִלְּפָנֶיךָ וְלֹא יָשׁוּב לָךְ צֹאנְךָ נְתֻנוֹת לְאֹיְבֶיךָ וְאֵין לְךָ מוֹשִׁיעַ׃", 28.32. "בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ נְתֻנִים לְעַם אַחֵר וְעֵינֶיךָ רֹאוֹת וְכָלוֹת אֲלֵיהֶם כָּל־הַיּוֹם וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶךָ׃", 28.33. "פְּרִי אַדְמָתְךָ וְכָל־יְגִיעֲךָ יֹאכַל עַם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדָעְתָּ וְהָיִיתָ רַק עָשׁוּק וְרָצוּץ כָּל־הַיָּמִים׃", 28.34. "וְהָיִיתָ מְשֻׁגָּע מִמַּרְאֵה עֵינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶה׃", 28.35. "יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בִּשְׁחִין רָע עַל־הַבִּרְכַּיִם וְעַל־הַשֹּׁקַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תוּכַל לְהֵרָפֵא מִכַּף רַגְלְךָ וְעַד קָדְקֳדֶךָ׃", 28.36. "יוֹלֵךְ יְהוָה אֹתְךָ וְאֶת־מַלְכְּךָ אֲשֶׁר תָּקִים עָלֶיךָ אֶל־גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַעְתָּ אַתָּה וַאֲבֹתֶיךָ וְעָבַדְתָּ שָּׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים עֵץ וָאָבֶן׃", 28.37. "וְהָיִיתָ לְשַׁמָּה לְמָשָׁל וְלִשְׁנִינָה בְּכֹל הָעַמִּים אֲשֶׁר־יְנַהֶגְךָ יְהוָה שָׁמָּה׃", 28.38. "זֶרַע רַב תּוֹצִיא הַשָּׂדֶה וּמְעַט תֶּאֱסֹף כִּי יַחְסְלֶנּוּ הָאַרְבֶּה׃", 28.39. "כְּרָמִים תִּטַּע וְעָבָדְתָּ וְיַיִן לֹא־תִשְׁתֶּה וְלֹא תֶאֱגֹר כִּי תֹאכְלֶנּוּ הַתֹּלָעַת׃", 28.41. "בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת תּוֹלִיד וְלֹא־יִהְיוּ לָךְ כִּי יֵלְכוּ בַּשֶּׁבִי׃", 28.42. "כָּל־עֵצְךָ וּפְרִי אַדְמָתֶךָ יְיָרֵשׁ הַצְּלָצַל׃", 28.43. "הַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בְּקִרְבְּךָ יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ מַעְלָה מָּעְלָה וְאַתָּה תֵרֵד מַטָּה מָּטָּה׃", 28.44. "הוּא יַלְוְךָ וְאַתָּה לֹא תַלְוֶנּוּ הוּא יִהְיֶה לְרֹאשׁ וְאַתָּה תִּהְיֶה לְזָנָב׃", 28.45. "וּבָאוּ עָלֶיךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָלוֹת הָאֵלֶּה וּרְדָפוּךָ וְהִשִּׂיגוּךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ כִּי־לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֺתָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר צִוָּךְ׃", 28.46. "וְהָיוּ בְךָ לְאוֹת וּלְמוֹפֵת וּבְזַרְעֲךָ עַד־עוֹלָם׃", 28.47. "תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָבַדְתָּ אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב מֵרֹב כֹּל׃", 28.48. "וְעָבַדְתָּ אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ יְהוָה בָּךְ בְּרָעָב וּבְצָמָא וּבְעֵירֹם וּבְחֹסֶר כֹּל וְנָתַן עֹל בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶךָ עַד הִשְׁמִידוֹ אֹתָךְ׃", 28.49. "יִשָּׂא יְהוָה עָלֶיךָ גּוֹי מֵרָחוֹק מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁר יִדְאֶה הַנָּשֶׁר גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תִשְׁמַע לְשֹׁנוֹ׃", 28.51. "וְאָכַל פְּרִי בְהֶמְתְּךָ וּפְרִי־אַדְמָתְךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יַשְׁאִיר לְךָ דָּגָן תִּירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶךָ עַד הַאֲבִידוֹ אֹתָךְ׃", 28.52. "וְהֵצַר לְךָ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ עַד רֶדֶת חֹמֹתֶיךָ הַגְּבֹהוֹת וְהַבְּצֻרוֹת אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה בֹּטֵחַ בָּהֵן בְּכָל־אַרְצֶךָ וְהֵצַר לְךָ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ בְּכָל־אַרְצְךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָךְ׃", 28.53. "וְאָכַלְתָּ פְרִי־בִטְנְךָ בְּשַׂר בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן־לְךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר־יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיְבֶךָ׃", 28.54. "הָאִישׁ הָרַךְ בְּךָ וְהֶעָנֹג מְאֹד תֵּרַע עֵינוֹ בְאָחִיו וּבְאֵשֶׁת חֵיקוֹ וּבְיֶתֶר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יוֹתִיר׃", 28.55. "מִתֵּת לְאַחַד מֵהֶם מִבְּשַׂר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יֹאכֵל מִבְּלִי הִשְׁאִיר־לוֹ כֹּל בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיִבְךָ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ׃", 28.56. "הָרַכָּה בְךָ וְהָעֲנֻגָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא־נִסְּתָה כַף־רַגְלָהּ הַצֵּג עַל־הָאָרֶץ מֵהִתְעַנֵּג וּמֵרֹךְ תֵּרַע עֵינָהּ בְּאִישׁ חֵיקָהּ וּבִבְנָהּ וּבְבִתָּהּ׃", 28.57. "וּבְשִׁלְיָתָהּ הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ וּבְבָנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד כִּי־תֹאכְלֵם בְּחֹסֶר־כֹּל בַּסָּתֶר בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיִבְךָ בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ׃", 28.58. "אִם־לֹא תִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת הַכְּתוּבִים בַּסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה לְיִרְאָה אֶת־הַשֵּׁם הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא הַזֶּה אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ׃", 28.59. "וְהִפְלָא יְהוָה אֶת־מַכֹּתְךָ וְאֵת מַכּוֹת זַרְעֶךָ מַכּוֹת גְּדֹלוֹת וְנֶאֱמָנוֹת וָחֳלָיִם רָעִים וְנֶאֱמָנִים׃", 28.61. "גַּם כָּל־חֳלִי וְכָל־מַכָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא כָתוּב בְּסֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת יַעְלֵם יְהוָה עָלֶיךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ׃", 28.62. "וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם בִּמְתֵי מְעָט תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר הֱיִיתֶם כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם לָרֹב כִּי־לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ׃", 28.63. "וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂשׂ יְהוָה עֲלֵיכֶם לְהֵיטִיב אֶתְכֶם וּלְהַרְבּוֹת אֶתְכֶם כֵּן יָשִׂישׂ יְהוָה עֲלֵיכֶם לְהַאֲבִיד אֶתְכֶם וּלְהַשְׁמִיד אֶתְכֶם וְנִסַּחְתֶּם מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃", 28.64. "וֶהֱפִיצְךָ יְהוָה בְּכָל־הָעַמִּים מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעָבַדְתָּ שָּׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַעְתָּ אַתָּה וַאֲבֹתֶיךָ עֵץ וָאָבֶן׃", 28.65. "וּבַגּוֹיִם הָהֵם לֹא תַרְגִּיעַ וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה מָנוֹחַ לְכַף־רַגְלֶךָ וְנָתַן יְהוָה לְךָ שָׁם לֵב רַגָּז וְכִלְיוֹן עֵינַיִם וְדַאֲבוֹן נָפֶשׁ׃", 28.66. "וְהָיוּ חַיֶּיךָ תְּלֻאִים לְךָ מִנֶּגֶד וּפָחַדְתָּ לַיְלָה וְיוֹמָם וְלֹא תַאֲמִין בְּחַיֶּיךָ׃", 28.67. "בַּבֹּקֶר תֹּאמַר מִי־יִתֵּן עֶרֶב וּבָעֶרֶב תֹּאמַר מִי־יִתֵּן בֹּקֶר מִפַּחַד לְבָבְךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּפְחָד וּמִמַּרְאֵה עֵינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶה׃", 28.68. "וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ יְהוָה מִצְרַיִם בָּאֳנִיּוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתִּי לְךָ לֹא־תֹסִיף עוֹד לִרְאֹתָהּ וְהִתְמַכַּרְתֶּם שָׁם לְאֹיְבֶיךָ לַעֲבָדִים וְלִשְׁפָחוֹת וְאֵין קֹנֶה׃", 28.69. "אֵלֶּה דִבְרֵי הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה לִכְרֹת אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב מִלְּבַד הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַת אִתָּם בְּחֹרֵב׃", | 28.15. "But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all His commandments and His statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee.", 28.16. "Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field.", 28.17. "Cursed shall be thy basket and thy kneading-trough.", 28.18. "Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the young of thy flock.", 28.19. "Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out.", 28.20. "The LORD will send upon thee cursing, discomfiture, and rebuke, in all that thou puttest thy hand unto to do, until thou be destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the evil of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken Me.", 28.21. "The LORD will make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until He have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest in to possess it.", 28.22. "The LORD will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with drought, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.", 28.23. "And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.", 28.24. "The LORD will make the rain of thy land powder and dust; from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed.", 28.25. "The LORD will cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies; thou shalt go out one way against them, and shalt flee seven ways before them; and thou shalt be a horror unto all the kingdoms of the earth.", 28.26. "And thy carcasses shall be food unto all fowls of the air, and unto the beasts of the earth, and there shall be none to frighten them away.", 28.27. "The LORD will smite thee with the boil of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healed.", 28.28. "The LORD will smite thee with madness, and with blindness, and with astonishment of heart.", 28.29. "And thou shalt grope at noonday, as the blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not make thy ways prosperous; and thou shalt be only oppressed and robbed alway, and there shall be none to save thee.", 28.30. "Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her; thou shalt build a house, and thou shalt not dwell therein; thou shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt not use the fruit thereof.", 28.31. "Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof; thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee; thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies; and thou shalt have none to save thee.", 28.32. "Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day; and there shall be nought in the power of thy hand.", 28.33. "The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed away:", 28.34. "so that thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see.", 28.35. "The LORD will smite thee in the knees, and in the legs, with a sore boil, whereof thou canst not be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the crown of thy head.", 28.36. "The LORD will bring thee, and thy king whom thou shalt set over thee, unto a nation that thou hast not known, thou nor thy fathers; and there shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone.", 28.37. "And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples whither the LORD shall lead thee away.", 28.38. "Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather little in; for the locust shall consume it.", 28.39. "Thou shalt plant vineyards and dress them, but thou shalt neither drink of the wine, nor gather the grapes; for the worm shall eat them.", 28.40. "Thou shalt have olive-trees throughout all thy borders, but thou shalt not anoint thyself with the oil; for thine olives shall drop off.", 28.41. "Thou shalt beget sons and daughters, but they shall not be thine; for they shall go into captivity.", 28.42. "All thy trees and the fruit of thy land shall the locust possess.", 28.43. "The stranger that is in the midst of thee shall mount up above thee higher and higher; and thou shalt come down lower and lower.", 28.44. "He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt not lend to him; he shall be the head, and thou shalt be the tail.", 28.45. "And all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou didst not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep His commandments and His statutes which He commanded thee.", 28.46. "And they shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed for ever;", 28.47. "because thou didst not serve the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, by reason of the abundance of all things;", 28.48. "therefore shalt thou serve thine enemy whom the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things; and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.", 28.49. "The LORD will bring a nation against thee from far, from the end of the earth, as the vulture swoopeth down; a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand;", 28.50. "a nation of fierce countece, that shall not regard the person of the old, nor show favour to the young.", 28.51. "And he shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy ground, until thou be destroyed; that also shall not leave thee corn, wine, or oil, the increase of thy kine, or the young of thy flock, until he have caused thee to perish.", 28.52. "And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy high and fortified walls come down, wherein thou didst trust, throughout all thy land; and he shall besiege thee in all thy gates throughout all thy land, which the LORD thy God hath given thee.", 28.53. "And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters whom the LORD thy God hath given thee; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall straiten thee.", 28.54. "The man that is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye shall be evil against his brother, and against the wife of his bosom, and against the remt of his children whom he hath remaining;", 28.55. "so that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he shall eat, because he hath nothing left him; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemy shall straiten thee in all thy gates.", 28.56. "The tender and delicate woman among you, who would not adventure to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicateness and tenderness, her eye shall be evil against the husband of her bosom, and against her son, and against her daughter;", 28.57. "and against her afterbirth that cometh out from between her feet, and against her children whom she shall bear; for she shall eat them for want of all things secretly; in the siege and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemy shall straiten thee in thy gates.", 28.58. "If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and awful Name, the LORD thy God;", 28.59. "then the LORD will make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, and sore sicknesses, and of long continuance.", 28.60. "And He will bring back upon thee all the diseases of Egypt, which thou wast in dread of; and they shall cleave unto thee.", 28.61. "Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed.", 28.62. "And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou didst not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God.", 28.63. "And it shall come to pass, that as the LORD rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the LORD will rejoice over you to cause you to perish, and to destroy you; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goest in to possess it.", 28.64. "And the LORD shall scatter thee among all peoples, from the one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which thou hast not known, thou nor thy fathers, even wood and stone.", 28.65. "And among these nations shalt thou have no repose, and there shall be no rest for the sole of thy foot; but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and languishing of soul.", 28.66. "And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear night and day, and shalt have no assurance of thy life.", 28.67. "In the morning thou shalt say: ‘Would it were even! ’ and at even thou shalt say: ‘Would it were morning! ’ for the fear of thy heart which thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see.", 28.68. "And the LORD shall bring thee back into Egypt in ships, by the way whereof I said unto thee: ‘Thou shalt see it no more again’; and there ye shall sell yourselves unto your enemies for bondmen and for bondwoman, and no man shall buy you.", 28.69. "These are the words of the covet which the LORD commanded Moses to make with the children of Israel in the land of Moab, beside the covet which He made with them in Horeb.", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 25.8, 33.20 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332, 373| 25.8. "וְעָשׂוּ לִי מִקְדָּשׁ וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכָם׃", | 25.8. "And let them make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them.", 33.20. "And He said: ‘Thou canst not see My face, for man shall not see Me and live.’", |
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| 4. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 20 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Swartz (2018), The Mechanics of Providence: The Workings of Ancient Jewish Magic and Mysticism. 164 |
5. Hebrew Bible, 1 Kings, 18.42 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332| 18.42. "וַיַּעֲלֶה אַחְאָב לֶאֱכֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת וְאֵלִיָּהוּ עָלָה אֶל־רֹאשׁ הַכַּרְמֶל וַיִּגְהַר אַרְצָה וַיָּשֶׂם פָּנָיו בֵּין ברכו [בִּרְכָּיו׃]", | 18.42. "So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he bowed himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees.", |
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| 6. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 6 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 352 |
7. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 25.30 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Fishbane (2003), Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking, 255 | 25.30. "Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them: The LORD doth roar from on high, And utter His voice from His holy habitation; He doth mightily roar because of His fold; He giveth a shout, as they that tread the grapes, Against all the inhabitants of the earth.", |
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| 8. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 1, 10-11, 40-43, 45-48, 44 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 352 |
9. Anon., 1 Enoch, 14 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 331 | 14. The book of the words of righteousness, and of the reprimand of the eternal Watchers in accordance,with the command of the Holy Great One in that vision. I saw in my sleep what I will now say with a tongue of flesh and with the breath of my mouth: which the Great One has given to men to",converse therewith and understand with the heart. As He has created and given to man the power of understanding the word of wisdom, so hath He created me also and given me the power of reprimanding,the Watchers, the children of heaven. I wrote out your petition, and in my vision it appeared thus, that your petition will not be granted unto you throughout all the days of eternity, and that judgement,has been finally passed upon you: yea (your petition) will not be granted unto you. And from henceforth you shall not ascend into heaven unto all eternity, and in bonds of the earth the decree,has gone forth to bind you for all the days of the world. And (that) previously you shall have seen the destruction of your beloved sons and ye shall have no pleasure in them, but they shall fall before,you by the sword. And your petition on their behalf shall not be granted, nor yet on your own: even though you weep and pray and speak all the words contained in the writing which I have,written. And the vision was shown to me thus: Behold, in the vision clouds invited me and a mist summoned me, and the course of the stars and the lightnings sped and hastened me, and the winds in,the vision caused me to fly and lifted me upward, and bore me into heaven. And I went in till I drew nigh to a wall which is built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire: and it began to affright,me. And I went into the tongues of fire and drew nigh to a large house which was built of crystals: and the walls of the house were like a tesselated floor (made) of crystals, and its groundwork was,of crystal. Its ceiling was like the path of the stars and the lightnings, and between them were,fiery cherubim, and their heaven was (clear as) water. A flaming fire surrounded the walls, and its,portals blazed with fire. And I entered into that house, and it was hot as fire and cold as ice: there,were no delights of life therein: fear covered me, and trembling got hold upon me. And as I quaked,and trembled, I fell upon my face. And I beheld a vision, And lo! there was a second house, greater,than the former, and the entire portal stood open before me, and it was built of flames of fire. And in every respect it so excelled in splendour and magnificence and extent that I cannot describe to,you its splendour and its extent. And its floor was of fire, and above it were lightnings and the path,of the stars, and its ceiling also was flaming fire. And I looked and saw therein a lofty throne: its appearance was as crystal, and the wheels thereof as the shining sun, and there was the vision of,cherubim. And from underneath the throne came streams of flaming fire so that I could not look",thereon. And the Great Glory sat thereon, and His raiment shone more brightly than the sun and,was whiter than any snow. None of the angels could enter and could behold His face by reason",of the magnificence and glory and no flesh could behold Him. The flaming fire was round about Him, and a great fire stood before Him, and none around could draw nigh Him: ten thousand times,ten thousand (stood) before Him, yet He needed no counselor. And the most holy ones who were,nigh to Him did not leave by night nor depart from Him. And until then I had been prostrate on my face, trembling: and the Lord called me with His own mouth, and said to me: ' Come hither,,Enoch, and hear my word.' And one of the holy ones came to me and waked me, and He made me rise up and approach the door: and I bowed my face downwards. |
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10. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 9.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 142| 9.2. "בִּשְׁנַת אַחַת לְמָלְכוֹ אֲנִי דָּנִיֵּאל בִּינֹתִי בַּסְּפָרִים מִסְפַּר הַשָּׁנִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר־יְהוָה אֶל־יִרְמִיָה הַנָּבִיא לְמַלֹּאות לְחָרְבוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה׃", 9.2. "וְעוֹד אֲנִי מְדַבֵּר וּמִתְפַּלֵּל וּמִתְוַדֶּה חַטָּאתִי וְחַטַּאת עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמַפִּיל תְּחִנָּתִי לִפְנֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהַי עַל הַר־קֹדֶשׁ אֱלֹהָי׃", | 9.2. "in the first year of his reign I Daniel meditated in the books, over the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that He would accomplish for the desolations of Jerusalem seventy years.", |
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| 11. Dead Sea Scrolls, of Discipline, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18, 6.27, 6.27-7.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 142 |
12. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 50.1-50.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147 | 50.1. The leader of his brethren and the pride of his people was Simon the high priest, son of Onias,who in his life repaired the house,and in his time fortified the temple. 50.1. like an olive tree putting forth its fruit,and like a cypress towering in the clouds. 50.2. He laid the foundations for the high double walls,the high retaining walls for the temple enclosure. 50.2. Then Simon came down, and lifted up his hands over the whole congregation of the sons of Israel,to pronounce the blessing of the Lord with his lips,and to glory in his name; 50.3. In his days a cistern for water was quarried out,a reservoir like the sea in circumference. 50.4. He considered how to save his people from ruin,and fortified the city to withstand a seige. 50.5. How glorious he was when the people gathered round him as he came out of the inner sanctuary! |
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| 13. Dead Sea Scrolls, (Cairo Damascus Covenant) Cd-A, 9.11-9.12, 15.1-15.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 138, 142 |
| 14. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 9.11-9.12, 15.1-15.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 138, 142 |
15. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 3.179-3.187 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332 | 3.179. 7. Now here one may wonder at the ill-will which men bear to us, and which they profess to bear on account of our despising that Deity which they pretend to honor; 3.180. for if any one do but consider the fabric of the tabernacle, and take a view of the garments of the high priest, and of those vessels which we make use of in our sacred ministration, he will find that our legislator was a divine man, and that we are unjustly reproached by others; for if any one do without prejudice, and with judgment, look upon these things, he will find they were every one made in way of imitation and representation of the universe. 3.181. When Moses distinguished the tabernacle into three parts, and allowed two of them to the priests, as a place accessible and common, he denoted the land and the sea, these being of general access to all; but he set apart the third division for God, because heaven is inaccessible to men. 3.182. And when he ordered twelve loaves to be set on the table, he denoted the year, as distinguished into so many months. By branching out the candlestick into seventy parts, he secretly intimated the Decani, or seventy divisions of the planets; and as to the seven lamps upon the candlesticks, they referred to the course of the planets, of which that is the number. 3.183. The veils, too, which were composed of four things, they declared the four elements; for the fine linen was proper to signify the earth, because the flax grows out of the earth; the purple signified the sea, because that color is dyed by the blood of a sea shell-fish; the blue is fit to signify the air; and the scarlet will naturally be an indication of fire. 3.184. Now the vestment of the high priest being made of linen, signified the earth; the blue denoted the sky, being like lightning in its pomegranates, and in the noise of the bells resembling thunder. And for the ephod, it showed that God had made the universe of four elements; and as for the gold interwoven, I suppose it related to the splendor by which all things are enlightened. 3.185. He also appointed the breastplate to be placed in the middle of the ephod, to resemble the earth, for that has the very middle place of the world. And the girdle which encompassed the high priest round, signified the ocean, for that goes round about and includes the universe. Each of the sardonyxes declares to us the sun and the moon; those, I mean, that were in the nature of buttons on the high priest’s shoulders. 3.186. And for the twelve stones, whether we understand by them the months, or whether we understand the like number of the signs of that circle which the Greeks call the Zodiac, we shall not be mistaken in their meaning. And for the mitre, which was of a blue color, it seems to me to mean heaven; 3.187. for how otherwise could the name of God be inscribed upon it? That it was also illustrated with a crown, and that of gold also, is because of that splendor with which God is pleased. Let this explication suffice at present, since the course of my narration will often, and on many occasions, afford me the opportunity of enlarging upon the virtue of our legislator. |
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16. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 5.212-5.214, 5.217-5.218 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332 | 5.212. but before these doors there was a veil of equal largeness with the doors. It was a Babylonian curtain, embroidered with blue, and fine linen, and scarlet, and purple, and of a contexture that was truly wonderful. Nor was this mixture of colors without its mystical interpretation, but was a kind of image of the universe; 5.213. for by the scarlet there seemed to be enigmatically signified fire, by the fine flax the earth, by the blue the air, and by the purple the sea; two of them having their colors the foundation of this resemblance; but the fine flax and the purple have their own origin for that foundation, the earth producing the one, and the sea the other. 5.214. This curtain had also embroidered upon it all that was mystical in the heavens, excepting that of the [twelve] signs, representing living creatures. 5.217. Now, the seven lamps signified the seven planets; for so many there were springing out of the candlestick. Now, the twelve loaves that were upon the table signified the circle of the zodiac and the year; 5.218. but the altar of incense, by its thirteen kinds of sweet-smelling spices with which the sea replenished it, signified that God is the possessor of all things that are both in the uninhabitable and habitable parts of the earth, and that they are all to be dedicated to his use. |
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17. Mishnah, Bekhorot, 8.5-8.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 72| 8.5. "שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁל שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים שֶׁלֹּא בִכְּרוּ וְיָלְדוּ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים, זֶה נוֹתֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים לַכֹּהֵן, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים לַכֹּהֵן. מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אִם לְכֹהֵן אֶחָד נָתְנוּ, יַחֲזִיר לָהֶן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים. אִם לִשְׁנֵי כֹהֲנִים נָתְנוּ, אֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לְהוֹצִיא מִיָּדָם. זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, הָאָבוֹת פְּטוּרִין, וְהַבֵּן חַיָּב לִפְדּוֹת אֶת עַצְמוֹ. שְׁתֵּי נְקֵבוֹת וְזָכָר אוֹ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים וּשְׁתֵּי נְקֵבוֹת, אֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם: \n", 8.6. "אַחַת בִּכְּרָה וְאַחַת שֶׁלֹּא בִכְּרָה שֶׁל שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים, וְיָלְדוּ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים, זֶה שֶׁלֹּא בִכְּרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, נוֹתֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים לַכֹּהֵן. זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, אֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם. מֵת הַבֵּן בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּתַן לַכֹּהֵן, יַחֲזִיר (לוֹ חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים). לְאַחַר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נָתַן, יִתֵּן. מֵת בְּיוֹם שְׁלשִׁים, כְּיוֹם שֶׁלְּפָנָיו. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם נָתַן, לֹא יִטּוֹל. וְאִם לֹא נָתַן, לֹא יִתֵּן. מֵת הָאָב בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדָּה, עַד שֶׁיָּבִיא רְאָיָה שֶׁנִּפְדָּה. לְאַחַר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, בְּחֶזִקַת שֶׁנִּפְדָּה, עַד (שֶׁיָּבִיא רְאָיָה) שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדָּה. הוּא לִפָּדוֹת וּבְנוֹ לִפָּדוֹת, הוּא קוֹדֵם אֶת בְּנוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּנוֹ קוֹדְמוֹ, שֶׁמִּצְוָתוֹ עַל אָבִיו, וּמִצְוַת בְּנוֹ עָלָיו: \n", 8.7. "חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן, בְּמָנֶה צוֹרִי. שְׁלשִׁים שֶׁל עֶבֶד, וַחֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁל אוֹנֵס וְשֶׁל מְפַתֶּה, וּמֵאָה שֶׁל מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע, כֻּלָּם בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ, בְּמָנֶה צוֹרִי. וְכֻלָּן נִפְדִּין בְּכֶסֶף, וּבְשָׁוֶה כֶסֶף, חוּץ מִן הַשְּׁקָלִים: \n", 8.8. "אֵין פּוֹדִין לֹא בַעֲבָדִים, וְלֹא בִשְׁטָרוֹת, וְלֹא בְקַרְקָעוֹת, וְלֹא בְהֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת. כָּתַב לַכֹּהֵן שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב לוֹ חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים, חַיָּב לִתֵּן לוֹ וּבְנוֹ אֵינוֹ פָדוּי, לְפִיכָךְ אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִתֵּן לוֹ מַתָּנָה, רַשַּׁאי. הַמַּפְרִישׁ פִּדְיוֹן בְּנוֹ וְאָבַד, חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יח), יִהְיֶה לָּךְ וּפָדֹה תִפְדֶּה: \n", | 8.5. "If two women who had never before given birth married two men and gave birth to two males, the one father gives five selas to the priest and the other gives five selas to the priest. If one of the children died within thirty days [of its birth], if they gave the redemption money to one priest alone, he returns five selas to them, but if they gave the money to two priests, they are not able to recover it from them. If they gave birth to a male and a female, the fathers are exempt, whereas the son must redeem himself [as in any case he is a first-born]. If they gave birth to two females and a male or to two females and two males, the priest receives nothing.", 8.6. "If one woman had given birth before and the other had never before given birth, the two women belonging to two husbands, and they gave birth to two males, the one whose wife had never before given birth gives five selas to the priest. If they gave birth to a male and a female, the priest receives nothing. If the son dies within thirty days although he gave the priest [the five selas], he must return them. If he dies after thirty days, although he has not yet given the five selas, he (the father) must give them. If he dies on the thirtieth day, it is as if he died on the previous day. But Rabbi Akiva says: if he gave [the five selas] he cannot reclaim them, but if he had not yet given, he need not give. If the father dies within thirty days, [the infant] is under the presumption of not having been redeemed until proof is brought that he has been redeemed. If the father dies after thirty days, the infant is under the presumption of having been redeemed until he [the son] is told that he was not redeemed. If both he and his son need to be redeemed, the father takes precedence over his son. Rabbi Judah says: his son comes first for the command to redeem him was upon his father, and the command of his son is upon him.", 8.7. "The five selas of a first-born [are paid in] the standard of Tyrian maneh. As regards the thirty shekels of a slave and likewise the fifty shekels of the rapist and seducer and the one hundred shekels for one who spreads an evil name in all these cases the payment is in the holy shekel, in the standard of Tyrian maneh. All of these are redeemed with money or the equivalent of money with the exception of shekel payments.", 8.8. "We must not redeem [a first-born] with slaves, nor with notes of indebtedness, nor with immovable properties, nor with objects of hekdesh. If one gives a written acknowledgment to a priest that he owes him five selas he is bound to give them to him, although his son is not considered as redeemed. Therefore, if the priest wishes to give him [the note of indebtedness] as a gift he is permitted to do so. If one set aside the redemption money of his son and it became lost, he is responsible for it, because it says: “Shall be for you [but] you shall surely redeem” (Numbers 18:15).", |
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18. Mishnah, Berachot, 9.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147| 9.5. "חַיָּב אָדָם לְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַטּוֹבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו) וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת יְיָ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ. בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ, בִּשְׁנֵי יְצָרֶיךָ, בְּיֵצֶר טוֹב וּבְיֵצֶר רָע. וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת נַפְשֶׁךָ. וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מָמוֹנֶךָ. דָּבָר אַחֵר בְּכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מִדָּה וּמִדָּה שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֵד לְךָ הֱוֵי מוֹדֶה לוֹ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד. לֹא יָקֵל אָדָם אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ כְּנֶגֶד שַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקָּדָשִׁים. לֹא יִכָּנֵס לְהַר הַבַּיִת בְּמַקְלוֹ, וּבְמִנְעָלוֹ, וּבְפֻנְדָּתוֹ, וּבְאָבָק שֶׁעַל רַגְלָיו, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ קַפַּנְדַּרְיָא, וּרְקִיקָה מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר. כָּל חוֹתְמֵי בְרָכוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים מִן הָעוֹלָם. מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין, וְאָמְרוּ, אֵין עוֹלָם אֶלָּא אֶחָד, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ אוֹמְרִים, מִן הָעוֹלָם וְעַד הָעוֹלָם. וְהִתְקִינוּ, שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם שׁוֹאֵל אֶת שְׁלוֹם חֲבֵרוֹ בַּשֵּׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (רות ב) וְהִנֵּה בֹעַז בָּא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם, וַיֹּאמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִים יְיָ עִמָּכֶם, וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ, יְבָרֶכְךָ יְיָ. וְאוֹמֵר (שופטים ו) יְיָ עִמְּךָ גִּבּוֹר הֶחָיִל. וְאוֹמֵר (משלי כג) אַל תָּבוּז כִּי זָקְנָה אִמֶּךָ. וְאוֹמֵר (תהלים קיט) עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ. רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר, הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ: \n", | 9.5. "One must bless [God] for the evil in the same way as one blesses for the good, as it says, “And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might” (Deuteronomy 6:5). “With all your heart,” with your two impulses, the evil impulse as well as the good impulse. “With all your soul” even though he takes your soul [life] away from you. “With all your might” with all your money. Another explanation, “With all your might” whatever treatment he metes out to you. One should not show disrespect to the Eastern Gate, because it is in a direct line with the Holy of Holies. One should not enter the Temple Mount with a staff, or with shoes on, or with a wallet, or with dusty feet; nor should one make it a short cut, all the more spitting [is forbidden]. All the conclusions of blessings that were in the Temple they would say, “forever [lit. as long as the world is].” When the sectarians perverted their ways and said that there was only one world, they decreed that they should say, “for ever and ever [lit. from the end of the world to the end of the world]. They also decreed that a person should greet his fellow in God’s name, as it says, “And behold Boaz came from Bethlehem and said to the reapers, ‘May the Lord be with you.’ And they answered him, “May the Lord bless you’” (Ruth 2:. And it also says, “The Lord is with your, you valiant warrior” (Judges 6:12). And it also says, “And do not despise your mother when she grows old” (Proverbs 23:22). And it also says, “It is time to act on behalf of the Lord, for they have violated Your teaching” (Psalms 119:126). Rabbi Natan says: [this means] “They have violated your teaching It is time to act on behalf of the Lord.”", |
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19. Mishnah, Hagigah, 1.2, 1.8, 4.10 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Swartz (2018), The Mechanics of Providence: The Workings of Ancient Jewish Magic and Mysticism. 164| 1.2. "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הָרְאִיָּה שְׁתֵּי כֶסֶף, וַחֲגִיגָה מָעָה כֶסֶף. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הָרְאִיָּה מָעָה כֶסֶף, וַחֲגִיגָה שְׁתֵּי כָסֶף: \n", 1.8. "הֶתֵּר נְדָרִים פּוֹרְחִין בָּאֲוִיר, וְאֵין לָהֶם עַל מַה שֶּׁיִּסְמֹכוּ. הִלְכוֹת שַׁבָּת, חֲגִיגוֹת וְהַמְּעִילוֹת, הֲרֵי הֵם כַּהֲרָרִים הַתְּלוּיִין בְּשַׂעֲרָה, שֶׁהֵן מִקְרָא מֻעָט וַהֲלָכוֹת מְרֻבּוֹת. הַדִּינִין וְהָעֲבוֹדוֹת, הַטָּהֳרוֹת וְהַטֻּמְאוֹת וַעֲרָיוֹת, יֵשׁ לָהֶן עַל מַה שֶּׁיִּסְמֹכוּ. הֵן הֵן גּוּפֵי תּוֹרָה: \n", | 1.2. "Bet Shammai say: the pilgrimage-offering (re’eyah) must be worth [at least] two pieces of silver and the hagigah one piece (ma’ah) of silver. But Bet Hillel say: the pilgrimage-offering must be worth [at least] one ma'ah of silver and the hagigah two pieces of silver.", 1.8. "[The laws concerning] the dissolution of vows hover in the air and have nothing to rest on. The laws concerning Shabbat, hagigot, and trespassing are as mountains hanging by a hair, for they have scant scriptural basis but many halakhot. [The laws concerning] civil cases and [Temple] worship, purity and impurity, and the forbidden relations have what to rest on, and they that are the essentials of the Torah.", |
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20. Mishnah, Ketuvot, 7.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Eckhardt (2011), Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals. 25| 7.6. "וְאֵלּוּ יוֹצְאוֹת שֶׁלֹּא בִכְתֻבָּה, הָעוֹבֶרֶת עַל דַּת מֹשֶׁה וִיהוּדִית. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא דַּת מֹשֶׁה, מַאֲכִילָתוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְעֻשָּׂר, וּמְשַׁמַּשְׁתּוֹ נִדָּה, וְלֹא קוֹצָה לָהּ חַלָּה, וְנוֹדֶרֶת וְאֵינָהּ מְקַיֶּמֶת. וְאֵיזוֹהִי דַת יְהוּדִית, יוֹצְאָה וְרֹאשָׁהּ פָּרוּעַ, וְטוֹוָה בַשּׁוּק, וּמְדַבֶּרֶת עִם כָּל אָדָם. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמְקַלֶּלֶת יוֹלְדָיו בְּפָנָיו. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף הַקּוֹלָנִית. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא קוֹלָנִית, לִכְשֶׁהִיא מְדַבֶּרֶת בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ וּשְׁכֵנֶיהָ שׁוֹמְעִין קוֹלָהּ: \n", | 7.6. "These leave [their marriage] without their ketubah: A wife who transgresses the law of Moses or Jewish law. And what is the law of Moses? Feeding her husband with untithed food, having intercourse with him while in the period of her menstruation, not separating dough offering, or making vows and not fulfilling them. And what is Jewish practice? Going out with her head uncovered, spinning wool in the marketplace or conversing with every man. Abba Shaul says: also one who curses her husband’s parents in his presence. Rabbi Tarfon says: also one who has a loud voice. And who is regarded as one who has a loud voice? A woman whose voice can be heard by her neighbors when she speaks inside her house.", |
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21. Mishnah, Shabbat, 19.1-19.2, 19.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 58| 19.1. "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם לֹא הֵבִיא כְלִי מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, מְבִיאוֹ בְשַׁבָּת מְגֻלֶּה. וּבַסַּכָּנָה, מְכַסֵּהוּ עַל פִּי עֵדִים. וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, כּוֹרְתִין עֵצִים לַעֲשׂוֹת פֶּחָמִין וְלַעֲשׂוֹת כְּלִי בַרְזֶל. כְּלָל אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת אֵינָהּ דּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת דּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת: \n", 19.2. "עוֹשִׂין כָּל צָרְכֵי מִילָה בְשַׁבָּת, מוֹהֲלִין, וּפוֹרְעִין, וּמוֹצְצִין, וְנוֹתְנִין עָלֶיהָ אִסְפְּלָנִית וְכַמּוֹן. אִם לֹא שָׁחַק מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, לוֹעֵס בְּשִׁנָּיו וְנוֹתֵן. אִם לֹא טָרַף יַיִן וְשֶׁמֶן מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, יִנָּתֵן זֶה בְעַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בְעַצְמוֹ. וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין לָהּ חָלוּק לְכַתְּחִלָּה, אֲבָל כּוֹרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ סְמַרְטוּט. אִם לֹא הִתְקִין מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, כּוֹרֵךְ עַל אֶצְבָּעוֹ וּמֵבִיא, וַאֲפִלּוּ מֵחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת: \n", 19.6. "אֵלּוּ הֵן צִיצִין הַמְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַמִּילָה, בָּשָׂר הַחוֹפֶה אֶת רֹב הָעֲטָרָה. וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה. וְאִם הָיָה בַעַל בָּשָׂר, מְתַקְּנוֹ מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעָיִן. מָל וְלֹא פָרַע אֶת הַמִּילָה, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא מָל: \n", | 19.1. "Rabbi Eliezer says: if one did not bring an instrument [with which to circumcise] on the eve of Shabbat, he must bring it on Shabbat uncovered; but in [times of] danger he hides it on the testimony of witnesses. Rabbi Eliezer said further: one may cut wood to make charcoal to make an iron instrument. Rabbi Akiva stated a general principle: any [manner of] work which could be performed on the eve of Shabbat does not supersede Shabbat; but that which could not be performed on the eve of Shabbat does supersede Shabbat.", 19.2. "They may perform all the necessities of circumcision on Shabbat: circumcising, uncovering [the corona], sucking [the wound], and placing a compress and cumin upon [the wound]. If one did not grind [the cumin] on the eve of Shabbat, he may chew [it] with his teeth and apply [it to the wound]. If he did not beat up wine and oil on the eve of Shabbat, he should apply each separately. They may not make a cloak for it in the first place, but he may wrap a rag about it. If this was not prepared from the eve of Shabbat, he may wind it about his finger and bring it, and even from another courtyard.", 19.6. "These are the shreds which invalidate circumcision: flesh that covers the greater part of the corona; and he may not eat terumah. And if he is chubby, he must repair it for appearance sake. If one circumcises but does not uncover the circumcision, it is as though he has not circumcised.", |
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22. Mishnah, Sotah, 7.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147| 7.6. "בִּרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים כֵּיצַד, בַּמְּדִינָה אוֹמְרִים אוֹתָהּ שָׁלשׁ בְּרָכוֹת, וּבַמִּקְדָּשׁ בְּרָכָה אֶחָת. בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ אוֹמֵר אֶת הַשֵּׁם כִּכְתָבוֹ, וּבַמְּדִינָה בְכִנּוּיוֹ. בַּמְּדִינָה כֹּהֲנִים נוֹשְׂאִים אֶת יְדֵיהֶן כְּנֶגֶד כִּתְפֵיהֶן, וּבַמִּקְדָּשׁ עַל גַּבֵּי רָאשֵׁיהֶן, חוּץ מִכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַגְבִּיהַּ אֶת יָדָיו לְמַעְלָה מִן הַצִּיץ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מַגְבִּיהַּ יָדָיו לְמַעְלָה מִן הַצִּיץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ט) וַיִּשָּׂא אַהֲרֹן אֶת יָדָיו אֶל הָעָם וַיְבָרְכֵם: \n", | 7.6. "How was the priestly blessing [pronounced]?In the province (outside of the Temple) it was said as three blessings, but in the Temple as one blessing. In the Temple the name was uttered as it is written, but in the province in its substituted name. In the province the priests raise their hands at the height of their shoulders, but in the Temple above their heads, except the high priest who does not raise his hands higher than the frontlet (on his forehead). Rabbi Judah says: even the high priest raises his hands higher than the frontlet, as it says, “And Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them” (Leviticus 9:22).", |
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23. Mishnah, Yadayim, 4.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147| 4.8. "אָמַר צְדוֹקִי גְלִילִי, קוֹבֵל אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל עִם משֶׁה בַּגֵּט. אוֹמְרִים פְּרוּשִׁים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עָלֶיךָ, צְדוֹקִי גְלִילִי, שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִים אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל עִם הַשֵּׁם בַּדַּף, וְלֹא עוֹד, אֶלָּא שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל מִלְמַעְלָן וְאֶת הַשֵּׁם מִלְּמַטָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ה) וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה מִי ה' אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ לְשַׁלַּח אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל. וּכְשֶׁלָּקָה מַהוּ אוֹמֵר (שם ט), ה' הַצַּדִּיק: \n", | 4.8. "A Galilean min said: I complain against you Pharisees, that you write the name of the ruler and the name of Moses together on a divorce document. The Pharisees said: we complain against you, Galilean min, that you write the name of the ruler together with the divine name on a single page [of Torah]? And furthermore that you write the name of the ruler above and the divine name below? As it is said, \"And Pharoah said, Who is the Lord that I should hearken to his voice to let Israel go?\" (Exodus 5:2) But when he was smitten what did he say? \"The Lord is righteous\" (Exodus 9:27).", |
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| 24. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 352 |
| 25. Tosefta, Berachot, a b c d\n0 6(7).20 6(7).20 6(7) 20\n1 6(7).23 6(7).23 6(7) 23\n2 6(7).24 6(7).24 6(7) 24 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147 |
26. Tosefta, Ketuvot, 4.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Eckhardt (2011), Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals. 25| 4.9. "[דרש הלל הזקן לשון הדיוט כשהיו בני אלכסנדריא מקדשין נשים אחד בא וחוטפה מן השוק ובא מעשה לפני חכמים בקשו לעשות בניהן ממזרין אמר להם הלל הזקן הוציאו לי כתובת אמותיכן הוציאו לו וכתוב בה משתכנסי לביתי תיהוי לי לאנתו כדת משה וישראל].", | 4.9. "Hillel the Elder would explain lay-language [of contracts as if it were the biblical text]. When the people of Alexandria would betroth wives, another would come and seize her from the street. The matter came to the Sages. They sought to make their children bastards [since the betrothal was valid, so when they are married to others in the meantime their children will be illegitimate]. Hillel the Elder said to them: \"Bring to me the ketubah of your mothers.\" They brought them for him, and it was written in it \"When you enter my house, you will be my wife according to the law of Moshe and Yisrael\" [in other words, based on a fine reading of the ketubah text, the betrothal only takes full effect when she enters his house, which means that the other husband was not illegitimate and her children aren't bastards].", |
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27. Tosefta, Yadayim, 2.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147| 2.9. "אמר להן רבי יוחנן בן זכאי כתבי הקדש חיבתם מטמאתן שלא יעשה אותן שטיחים לבהמה. אמרו בייתוסים קובלין עליכם פרושין מה <אם> בת בני הבא מכח בני שבא מכחו הרי יורשתני בתי הבאה מכחי אינו דין שתרשני <אמר להן לא אם אמרתם בבת הבן שכן חולקין עם האחים תאמרו בבת שאינה חולקת עם האחים>. אומר טיבלני שחרית קובלני עליכם פרושים שאתם מזכירים את הגוף שיש בו טומאה. ", | |
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28. Tosefta, Kippurim, 4.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332| 4.6. "רבי יהודה אומר עוברה שהריחה שביעית תוחבין לה בכוש הריחה תרומה תוחבין לה בכוש לא ינעול אדם מנעל מסומר ויטייל בתוך הבית אפילו ממטה למטה [ורשב\"ג מתיר וכן היה] רשב\"ג אומר אם היו ידיו מלוכלכות בטיט ובצואה מדיחן במים כדי שלא יטנפו כליו היה הולך להקביל פני אביו פני רבו [פני תלמידו] עובר כדרכו אפילו עד צוארו ואינו חושש.", | |
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| 29. Palestinian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147 |
30. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 3.4 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332| 3.4. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוֹצָדָק שָׁאַל לְרַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן, אָמַר לוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשָּׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ שֶׁאַתָּה בַּעַל אַגָּדָה, מֵהֵיכָן נִבְרֵאת הָאוֹרָה, אָמַר לוֹ מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנִּתְעַטֵּף בָּהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כַּשַֹּׂלְמָה וְהִבְהִיק זִיו הֲדָרוֹ מִסּוֹף הָעוֹלָם וְעַד סוֹפוֹ. אֲמָרָהּ לֵיהּ בִּלְחִישָׁה, אָמַר לוֹ מִקְרָא מָלֵא הוּא (תהלים קד, ב): עוֹטֶה אוֹר כַּשַֹּׂלְמָה, וְאַתְּ אֲמַרְתְּ לִי בִּלְחִישָׁה, אֶתְמְהָא. אָמַר לוֹ כְּשֵׁם שֶׁשְּׁמַעְתִּיהָ בִּלְחִישָׁה כָּךְ אֲמַרְתִּיהָ לָךְ בִּלְחִישָׁה. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה, אִלּוּלֵי שֶׁדְּרָשָׁהּ רַבִּי יִצְחָק בָּרַבִּים לֹא הָיָה אֶפְשָׁר לְאָמְרָהּ, מִקַּמֵּי כֵּן מָה הָיוּ אָמְרִין. רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יִצְחָק אָמַר מִמָּקוֹם בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ נִבְרֵאת הָאוֹרָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יחזקאל מג, ב): וְהִנֵּה כְּבוֹד אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּא מִדֶּרֶךְ הַקָּדִים, וְאֵין כְּבוֹדוֹ אֶלָּא בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (ירמיה יז, יב): כִּסֵּא כָבוֹד מָרוֹם מֵרִאשׁוֹן מְקוֹם מִקְדָּשֵׁנוּ וגו'. | 3.4. "Rabbi Shimeon Ben Yehotzadak asked Rabbi Shmuel Bar Nachman: Since I heard that you are a master of agadot, tell me from where was the light created? He answered: [the text] teaches that the Holy One of Blessing enveloped Himself [in it] as [one does with] a cloak, and made the splendor of His glory shine from one end of the world to the other. He told him this agadah in a whisper: he said to him - there is even a full verse [about it] 'He wears light as a cloak' (Ps. 104:2). [Rabbi Shmuel Bar Nachman said] And you are telling this to me in a whisper? This is surprising! He told him: Just as I heard it in a whisper, I'm telling you in a whisper. Said Rabbi Berachia in the name of Rabbi Itzchak: The light was created from the place of the Beit Hamikdash, since it is written 'And behold the glory of the God of Israel comes from the way of the East' (Ezekiel 43:2) and there is no His glory except the Beit Hamikdash, as you say: 'A throne of glory, on high from the beginning, the place of our sanctuary' (Jeremiah 17:12) etc.", |
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| 31. Palestinian Talmud, Shabbat, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 58 |
| 32. Anon., Sifre Numbers, 118, 39, 43 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147 |
33. Babylonian Talmud, Yoma, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332| 54b. כאיש המעורה בלוייה שלו אמר ריש לקיש בשעה שנכנסו נכרים להיכל ראו כרובים המעורין זה בזה הוציאון לשוק ואמרו ישראל הללו שברכתן ברכה וקללתן קללה יעסקו בדברים הללו מיד הזילום שנאמר (איכה א, ח) כל מכבדיה הזילוה כי ראו ערותה,ושתיה היתה נקראת תנא שממנה הושתת העולם תנן כמאן דאמר מציון נברא העולם דתניא רבי אליעזר אומר עולם מאמצעיתו נברא שנאמר (איוב לח, לח) בצקת עפר למוצק ורגבים ידובקו,רבי יהושע אומר עולם מן הצדדין נברא שנאמר (איוב לז, ו) כי לשלג יאמר הוי ארץ וגשם מטר וגשם מטרות עוזו רבי יצחק (נפחא) אמר אבן ירה הקב"ה בים ממנו נשתת העולם שנאמר (איוב לח, ו) על מה אדניה הטבעו או מי ירה אבן פנתה,וחכמים אומרים מציון נברא שנאמר (תהלים נ, א) מזמור לאסף אל אלהים ה' ואומר מציון מכלל יופי ממנו מוכלל יפיו של עולם,תניא ר' אליעזר הגדול אומר (בראשית ב, ד) אלה תולדות השמים והארץ בהבראם ביום עשות ה' אלהים ארץ ושמים תולדות שמים משמים נבראו תולדות הארץ מארץ נבראו,וחכמים אומרים אלו ואלו מציון נבראו שנאמר מזמור לאסף אל אלהים ה' דבר ויקרא ארץ ממזרח שמש עד מבואו ואומר מציון מכלל יופי אלהים הופיע ממנו מוכלל יופיו של עולם,נטל את הדם ממי שממרס בו וכו' מאי כמצליף מחוי רב יהודה | 54b. It means b like a man /b joined and b clinging to his i livaya /i , /b his partner, i.e., his wife. In other words, the cherubs appeared to be embracing one another. b Reish Lakish said: When gentiles /b destroyed the Second Temple and b entered the Sanctuary, they saw /b these drawings of b cherubs clinging to one another. /b They peeled them from the wall, b took them out to the market, and said: These Jews, whose blessing is a blessing and whose curse is a curse, /b due to their great fear of God, should b they be occupied with such matters, /b making images of this kind? b They immediately debased /b and destroyed b them, as it is stated: “All who honored her debase her because they have seen her nakedness” /b (Lamentations 1:8).,§ The mishna taught that a stone sat in the Holy of Holies b and it was called /b the b foundation [ i shetiyya /i ] /b rock. A Sage b taught /b in the i Tosefta /i : Why was it called i shetiyya /i ? It is b because the world was created [ i hushtat /i ] from it. /b The Gemara comments: b We learned /b the mishna b in accordance with /b the opinion of b the one who said /b that b the world was created from Zion. As it was taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Eliezer says: The world was created from its center, as it is stated: “When the dust runs into a mass, and the clods cleave fast together” /b (Job 38:38). The world was created by adding matter to the center, like the formation of clumps of earth., b Rabbi Yehoshua says: /b The b world was created from the sides, as it is stated: “For He said to the snow: Become the earth, likewise to the shower of rain, and to the showers of His mighty rain” /b (Job 37:6). This verse indicates that the rains fell from all sides, which led to the creation of the earth. b Rabbi Yitzḥak Nappaḥa said: The Holy One, Blessed be He, cast a stone into the sea, from which the world was created, as it is stated: “Upon what were its foundations fastened; or who laid its cornerstone?” /b (Job 38:6)., b And the Rabbis say: /b The world b was created from Zion, as it is stated: “A Psalm of Asaph. God, the Lord God /b has spoken and called the earth, from the rising of the sun to its place of setting” (Psalms 50:1), b and it states: “Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, /b God has shined forth” (Psalms 50:2). The mishna is taught in accordance with this last opinion., b It was taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Eliezer the Great says: “These are the generations of the heaven and the earth when they were created, on the day that the Lord God made earth and heaven” /b (Genesis 2:4) means that the b generations of the heavens, /b i.e., all things found in the heavens, b were created from the heavens, /b while the b generations of the earth were created from the earth. /b , b And the Rabbis say: Both these and those were created from Zion, as it is stated: “A Psalm of Asaph. God, the Lord God has spoken and called the earth, from the rising of the sun to its place of setting,” and it says: “Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God has shined forth,” /b i.e., b from /b Zion b the beauty of the world was perfected, /b which includes both the generations of the heavens and the generations of the earth.,§ The mishna taught that the High Priest b took the blood /b of the bull b from /b the one b who was stirring it /b so it would not coagulate, b and he entered /b and sprinkled it like one who whips. The Gemara asks: b What is /b the meaning of: b Like one who whips? Rav Yehuda demonstrated /b the action with his hand, |
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34. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Qamma, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 72| 11b. דיש מקצת שליא בלא ולד וגזירה מקצתה אטו כולה קמ"ל,ואמר עולא אמר רבי אלעזר בכור שנטרף בתוך ל' יום אין פודין אותו,וכן תני רמי בר חמא מתוך שנאמר (במדבר יח, טו) פדה תפדה יכול אפי' נטרף בתוך ל' יום ת"ל אך חלק,ואמר עולא א"ר אלעזר בהמה גסה נקנית במשיכה,והא אנן תנן במסירה הוא דאמר כי האי תנא דתניא וחכ"א זו וזו במשיכה ר"ש אומר זו וזו בהגבהה,ואמר עולא אמר ר' אלעזר האחין שחלקו מה שעליהן שמין ומה שעל בניהן ובנותיהן אין שמין,אמר רב פפא פעמים אף מה שעליהן אין שמין משכחת לה בגדול אחי דניחא להו דלשתמעון מיליה,ואמר עולא א"ר אלעזר שומר שמסר לשומר פטור ולא מיבעיא שומר חנם שמסר לשומר שכר דעלויי עלייה לשמירתו אלא אפילו שומר שכר שמסר לשומר חנם דהשתא גרועי גרעיה לשמירתו נמי פטור שהרי מסר לבן דעת,רבא אמר שומר שמסר לשומר חייב ולא מיבעיא שומר שכר שמסר לשומר חנם דגרועי גרעיה לשמירתו אלא אפילו שומר חנם שמסר לשומר שכר חייב,דאמר ליה את מהימנת לי בשבועה האי לא מהימן לי בשבועה,ואמר עולא א"ר אלעזר הלכתא גובין מן העבדים,אמר ליה ר"נ לעולא אמר רבי אלעזר אפי' מיתמי לא מיניה מיניה אפי' מגלימא דעל כתפיה,הכא במאי עסקינן שעשאו אפותיקי כדרבא דאמר רבא עשה עבדו אפותיקי ומכרו בעל חוב גובה הימנו שורו אפותיקי ומכרו אין ב"ח גובה הימנו,מ"ט הא אית ליה קלא והא לית ליה קלא | 11b. b that there is /b a possibility that b part of the afterbirth /b will emerge b without /b part of b the fetus /b inside, and the reason that the Sages forbid eating the afterbirth is due to a rabbinic b decree /b prohibiting a case where b part of /b an afterbirth emerges from the womb and part of it remains inside, b due to /b the possibility that one may confuse it with a case where b all of /b the afterbirth emerges. Therefore, Ulla b teaches us /b that, in fact, part of the afterbirth does not emerge without part of the fetus inside.,The Gemara cites another i halakha /i taught by Ulla, citing Rabbi Elazar: b And Ulla says /b that b Rabbi Elazar says: /b With regard to a male b firstborn /b child b who was mauled /b by an animal b within thirty days /b of his birth and died, one is b not required to redeem him, /b as the requirement to do so, by paying five i sela /i to a priest, applies only once the child is thirty days old (see Numbers 18:15–16)., b And /b similarly, b Rami bar Ḥama taught /b a i baraita /i : b Since it is stated: /b “Yet b you shall redeem” /b (Numbers 18:15), one b might /b have thought that b even /b if a male firstborn child was b mauled /b by an animal b within thirty days /b of his birth one should redeem him. Therefore, b the verse states “yet /b you shall redeem”; the addition of the word “yet” serves to b differentiate /b and limit the requirement to redeem the firstborn male.,The Gemara cites another i halakha /i taught by Ulla, citing Rabbi Elazar: b And Ulla says /b that b Rabbi Elazar says: A large animal, /b such as a cow or a horse, b is acquired by /b the buyer b pulling /b the animal.,The Gemara asks: b But didn’t we learn /b in a mishna ( i Kiddushin /i 25b): A large animal is acquired b by passing /b the reins of the animal to the buyer? The Gemara explains: Rabbi Elazar b states /b his opinion b in accordance with /b the opinion of b that i tanna /i , /b i.e., the Rabbis, b as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b And the Rabbis say: This and that, /b i.e., both large and small animals, are acquired b through /b the buyer b pulling /b the animal. b Rabbi Shimon says: This and that /b are acquired b through /b the buyer b lifting /b the animal.,The Gemara cites another i halakha /i taught by Ulla, citing Rabbi Elazar: b And Ulla says /b that b Rabbi Elazar says: /b With regard to b brothers who divide /b the estate they inherited, the court b appraises whatever /b clothes are b upon them /b if those clothes came from, or if they were purchased with money from, the deceased’s estate, and that sum is considered part of the portion they receive. But the court does b not appraise whatever is upon their sons and daughters. /b In order to save the children from the humiliation of having to appear in court, the brothers waive their rights to the clothes the children are wearing., b Rav Pappa said: Sometimes, it does not even appraise what-ever is upon /b the brothers. b You find such /b a case b with /b the b eldest brother /b where the other brothers waive their rights to the value of his clothes, b as it is beneficial for them /b to have the eldest brother appear well dressed in order b that /b when he represents their interests in dealings with others, b his words will be listened to /b and respected.,The Gemara cites another i halakha /i taught by Ulla, citing Rabbi Elazar: b And Ulla says /b that b Rabbi Elazar says: /b In the case of b a bailee who conveyed /b a deposit that was entrusted to him b to /b another b bailee, /b the first bailee is b exempt /b for any occurrence for which he would have been exempt had he kept the deposit with him. The Gemara adds: b And it is not necessary /b to state this in the case of b an unpaid bailee who conveyed /b a deposit b to a paid bailee, thereby increasing /b the level of b its safeguarding, /b since the paid bailee has a greater level of accountability than an unpaid bailee. b Rather, /b this is the i halakha /i b even /b in a case of b a paid bailee who conveyed /b a deposit b to an unpaid bailee, thereby decreasing /b the level of b its safeguarding. /b In this case, the first bailee is b exempt /b for any occurrence for which he would have been exempt had he kept the deposit with him, b because he conveyed /b it b to a mentally competent person /b and thereby fulfilled his responsibility to ensure the deposit is safeguarded., b Rava said: /b With regard to b a bailee who conveyed /b a deposit b to /b another b bailee, /b the first bailee becomes b liable /b to pay for any loss to the item, even for mishaps for which he would not have been liable had he kept the deposit with him. The Gemara adds: b And it is not necessary /b to state this in a case of b a paid bailee who conveyed /b a deposit b to an unpaid bailee, thereby decreasing /b the level of b its safeguarding. Rather, /b this is the i halakha /i b even /b in the case of b an unpaid bailee who conveyed /b a deposit b to a paid bailee, /b thereby increasing the level of its safeguarding; he is b liable. /b ,The reason he is liable is b that /b the owner of the deposit b can say to him: You are credible to me with regard to /b taking b an oath, /b but b this /b other bailee, to whom you conveyed my item, b is not credible to me with regard to /b taking b an oath. /b If an occurrence for which a bailee does not carry liability occurs, damaging the deposit, in order to release himself from an obligation to pay the bailee must take an oath to the item’s owner that none of the types of occurrences for which he bears liability occurred. Rava rules that the owner is required to accept an oath only from the bailee with whom he entrusted his item, but not from anyone else. Accordingly, since the first bailee was not present when the event occurred, he is unable to attest to what happened, and even if the second bailee takes an oath to that effect, the owner is not expected to accept his oath. Consequently, the first bailee bears full liability for any loss.,The Gemara cites another i halakha /i taught by Ulla, citing Rabbi Elazar: b And Ulla says /b that b Rabbi Elazar says: The i halakha /i /b is that b one can collect from /b the debtor b the slaves /b that he owns as payment for a debt., b Rav Naḥman said to Ulla: /b Did b Rabbi Elazar say /b that this i halakha /i applies b even /b when collecting b from /b a debtor’s b orphans? /b A creditor can collect the debt from orphans only by taking the land the debtor bequeathed to his children. Rav Naḥman asked whether this also extends to collecting any slaves the children inherited. Ulla replied: b No, /b a creditor collects a debt by taking slaves only when he collects directly b from /b the debtor himself. Rav Naḥman challenges this: But when the creditor collects b from him, /b he can collect the debt b even from the cloak that is upon his shoulders, /b and therefore he can certainly also collect the debt by taking his slaves, so what is the novelty of this ruling?,Ulla explains: b With what are we dealing here? /b We are dealing with a case in b which /b the debtor b set aside /b his slave b as designated repayment [ i appoteiki /i ]. /b Consequently, if the slave was subsequently sold to a third party and the debtor was later unable to repay the debt, the creditor can seize the slave from the third party as payment of the debt. Even though generally only land can be seized from a buyer as payment for the seller’s debt, a slave is considered to have similar status to land in this regard. This is b in accordance with /b the opinion b of Rava, as Rava says: /b If a master b set aside his slave /b as b designated repayment /b of a debt b and /b then b sold him, /b the master’s b creditor collects /b the debt b by /b taking the slave; but if one set aside b his ox /b as b designated repayment and /b then b sold it, /b the b creditor does not collect /b the debt b by /b taking the ox.,The Gemara asks: b What is the reason /b for this difference? The Gemara explains: The designation of b this /b slave generates b publicity, /b since a slave is significant and identifiable, therefore any prospective buyer is assumed to have been aware of the status of the slave and accepted the consequences of purchasing him. b But /b the designation of b this /b ox b does not /b generate b publicity, /b since one ox is not easily distinguishable from another, and a buyer cannot be assumed to be aware that the ox was set aside as designated repayment. Therefore it is unfair that one who purchases such an ox should have it seized from him. Therefore, the Sages enacted that a creditor cannot do so. |
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35. Babylonian Talmud, Bekhorot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 72| 49a. בבא בהרשאה,והאמרי נהרדעי לא כתבינן אדרכתא אמטלטלי ה"מ היכא דכפריה אבל היכא דלא כפריה כתבינן:,זכר ונקבה אין כאן לכהן כלום: תנא רב הונא שני זכרים ונקבה אין כאן לכהן כלום,ותנא דידן כיון דבשני אנשים הוא דמשכחת לה באיש אחד ושתי נשים לא משכחת לה לא מתני ליה:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big מת הבן בתוך שלשים יום אע"פ שנתן לכהן יחזיר לאחר ל' יום אע"פ שלא נתן יתן מת ביום שלשים כיום שלפניו ר' עקיבא אומר אם נתן לא יטול ואם לא נתן לא יתן:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big מאי טעמייהו דרבנן גמרי (במדבר יח טז) חדש (במדבר ג מ) חדש ממדבר מה התם ומעלה אף הכא נמי ומעלה,ור"ע מספקא ליה מדאיצטריך למכתב ומעלה גבי ערכין ולא גמרי ממדבר הוו להו שני כתובים הבאים כאחד,וכל שני כתובים הבאים כאחד אין מלמדין,או דלמא כי אין מלמדין לעלמא אבל לגופייהו מלמדין ומשום הכי מספקינן ליה,אמר רב אשי הכל מודים לענין אבילות יום שלשים כיום שלפניו ואמר שמואל הלכה כדברי המיקל באבל:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big מת האב בתוך שלשים בחזקת שלא נפדה עד שיביא ראיה שנפדה לאחר שלשים יום בחזקת שנפדה עד שיאמרו לו שלא נפדה הוא לפדות ובנו לפדות הוא קודם לבנו רבי יהודה אומר בנו קודמו שמצותו על אביו ומצות בנו עליו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big איתמר הפודה את בנו בתוך שלשים יום רב אמר בנו פדוי ושמואל אמר אין בנו פדוי דכולי עלמא מעכשיו אין בנו פדוי לאחר שלשים יום ואיתנהו למעות ודאי בנו פדוי,כי פליגי לאחר שלשים יום ונתעכלו המעות רב אמר בנו פדוי מידי דהוה אקידושי אשה התם לאו אע"ג דנתעכלו המעות הוו קידושי | 49a. This is referring to a case b where /b one of the fathers b comes with authorization /b to act on behalf of the other father to state his claim for him, and therefore the priest cannot reject his claim. But if they gave the money to two different priests an authorization is of no effect, as each priest can claim the other took the redemption money of the son who died.,The Gemara asks: b But didn’t /b the Sages b of Neharde’a say: We do not write an authorization document [ i adrakhta /i ] concerning movable property? /b Therefore, in the case of redemption, where money, which has the status of movable property, is demanded from the priest, an authorization document may not be used. The Gemara answers: b This statement, /b that one does not write authorization for movable property, applies only b when /b the respondent, in this case the priest, already b denied /b the claim against him. b But /b in a case where the respondent b did not /b yet b deny /b the claim against him b we write /b authorization even for movable property. In the case of redemption, although the priest claims the one issuing the claim against him is not the father of the son who died, he does not deny that he received the money.,§ The mishna teaches: With regard to two women who had not previously given birth who were married to two men, and gave birth to b a male and a female /b who then became intermingled, the fathers are exempt from the mitzva of redemption but the son is obligated to redeem himself, as he certainly has firstborn status. If the offspring were two females and a male, or two males and two females, all of whom became intermingled, b the priest has nothing here. /b Concerning this case b Rav Huna teaches: /b If they gave birth to b two males and a female the priest has nothing here, /b despite the fact that one of them is definitely a firstborn, as each father can claim that his firstborn is the female. In addition, the sons are exempt as well, since each can claim that the female was his sister and born first.,The Gemara asks: b And /b with regard to b the i tanna /i of our /b mishna, why does he not state this case? The Gemara answers: b Since you find /b this ruling b that /b they are entirely exempt in a case b where /b the women are married to b two men, /b but b you do not find it /b in a case b of one man and two /b of his b wives, /b as a firstborn was definitely born to that man and he must give five i sela /i coins to a priest, the i tanna /i b does not teach /b the case of two women and two men either. The reason is that stylistically, the i tanna /i prefers to teach the ruling: The priest has nothing here, only when the i halakha /i is identical in a case of two wives of two men and a case of two wives of one man., strong MISHNA: /strong If b the /b firstborn b son dies within thirty days /b of birth, b although /b the father b gave /b five i sela /i b to the priest, /b the priest b must return /b it. If the firstborn son dies b after thirty days /b have passed, b even if /b the father b did not give /b five i sela /i coins to the priest b he must give /b it then. If the firstborn b dies on the thirtieth day, /b that day’s halakhic status is b like /b that of the b day that preceded it, /b as the obligation takes effect only after thirty days have elapsed. b Rabbi Akiva says: /b If the firstborn dies on the thirtieth day it is a case of uncertainty; therefore, b if /b the father already b gave /b the redemption payment to the priest b he cannot take /b it back, b but if he did not /b yet b give /b payment b he does not /b need to b give /b it., strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara asks: b What is the reason of the Rabbis, /b i.e., the first i tanna /i , who hold that the mitzva of redemption applies only after thirty days have elapsed? The Gemara explains that b they derive /b the meaning of the term b “month” /b stated in this context by means of a verbal analogy b from /b the meaning of the term b “month” /b stated in the context of the redemption of the Israelite firstborn in b the wilderness /b via the Levites. b Just as there, /b with regard to the redemption through the Levites, it is stated: “Number all the firstborn males of the children of Israel from a month old b and upward” /b (Numbers 3:40), i.e., after thirty days, b so too here, /b with regard to the mitzva of redemption for future generations, where it states: “From a month old you shall redeem” (Numbers 18:16), the requirement: b And upward, /b applies b as well, /b i.e., only after thirty days., b And Rabbi Akiva is uncertain /b in this regard, as one could claim: b From /b the fact b that it was necessary /b for the verse b to write “and upward” with regard to /b the mitzva of b valuations: /b “And if it be from sixty years old and upward” (Leviticus 27:7), b and /b it b is not derived from /b the redemption of the Israelite firstborns in the b wilderness /b that the phrase “from…years old” means “and upward,” one can conclude the following: The redemption of the firstborn in the wilderness and valuations b are two verses that come as one, /b i.e., to teach the same matter., b And /b there is a principle that b any two verses that come as one do not teach /b their common i halakha /i to other cases. If so, the i halakha /i with regard to the mitzva of redeeming the firstborn for future generations would be that the thirtieth day is like the following day, which is not in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis., b Or perhaps /b one could say: b When /b do two verses that come as one b not teach /b their common i halakha /i ? That is b with regard to general /b i halakhot /i , i.e., entirely different areas of i halakha /i . b But with regard to themselves, /b i.e., similar cases, b they do teach. /b If so, one should derive permanent i halakha /i of redemption of firstborns from the redemption of the firstborn in the wilderness. b And /b it is b due to that /b reason that Rabbi Akiva is b uncertain /b concerning a firstborn on his thirtieth day., b Rav Ashi says: All concede with regard to mourning /b that b the thirtieth day is like the preceding day, /b i.e., if the son died on the thirtieth day it is considered as though he died on the day before and he has the status of a stillborn, and the rites of mourning are not observed. b And /b the reason is as b Shmuel says: /b The b i halakha /i /b is b in accordance with the statement of the /b more b lenient /b authority b in /b matters relating to b mourning. /b , strong MISHNA: /strong If b the father /b of the firstborn b dies within thirty /b days of birth b the presumptive status of /b the son is b that he was not redeemed, until /b the son b will bring proof that he was redeemed. /b If the father dies b after thirty days /b have passed b the presumptive status of /b the son is b that he was redeemed, until /b people b will tell him that he was not redeemed. /b If one had both b himself to redeem and his son to redeem, his /b own redemption b takes precedence over /b that of b his son. Rabbi Yehuda says: /b The redemption of b his son takes precedence, as the mitzva /b to redeem the father is incumbent b upon his /b own b father, and the mitzva /b to redeem b his son /b is incumbent b upon him. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong It b was stated: /b In the case of b one who redeems his /b firstborn b son within thirty days /b of his birth by giving a priest five i sela /i coins, b Rav says his son is redeemed and Shmuel says his son is not redeemed. /b The Gemara explains: b Everyone /b agrees that if the father said: He is redeemed b from now, /b that b his son is not redeemed, /b as the obligation to redeem the son is not yet in effect. Likewise, if the father says the redemption should take effect b after thirty days, and the money is /b still b there, /b in the possession of the priest, after thirty days, b his son is certainly redeemed, /b as the money is in the priest’s possession when the obligation of redemption comes into effect., b They disagree /b in a situation b where /b the father says the redemption should take effect b after thirty days but the money was squandered away /b in the meantime. b Rav says his son is redeemed, just as is /b the i halakha /i b with regard to the betrothal of a woman /b on the condition that it takes effect after thirty days. In that case b there, /b is it b not /b correct that b even though the money was squandered away /b during the thirty days b it is /b a valid b betrothal? /b |
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36. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147| 38a. ככתבו ובמדינה בכינויו במדינה כהנים נושאים את ידיהן כנגד כתפיהן ובמקדש על גבי ראשיהן חוץ מכהן גדול שאינו מגביה את ידיו למעלה מן הציץ ר' יהודה אומר אף כהן גדול מגביה ידיו למעלה מן הציץ שנאמר (ויקרא ט, כב) וישא אהרן את ידיו אל העם ויברכם, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big תנו רבנן (במדבר ו, כג) כה תברכו בלשון הקודש אתה אומר בלשון הקודש או אינו אלא בכל לשון נאמר כאן כה תברכו ונאמר להלן (דברים כז, יב) אלה יעמדו לברך את העם מה להלן בלשון הקודש אף כאן בלשון הקודש,רבי יהודה אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר כה עד שיאמרו בלשון הזה,תניא אידך כה תברכו בעמידה אתה אומר בעמידה או אינו אלא אפי' בישיבה נאמר כאן כה תברכו ונאמר להלן אלה יעמדו לברך מה להלן בעמידה אף כאן בעמידה,ר' נתן אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (דברים י, ח) לשרתו ולברך בשמו מה משרת בעמידה אף מברך בעמידה ומשרת גופיה מנלן דכתיב (דברים יח, ה) לעמוד לשרת,תניא אידך כה תברכו בנשיאות כפים אתה אומר בנשיאות כפים או אינו אלא שלא בנשיאות כפים נאמר כאן כה תברכו ונאמר להלן (ויקרא ט, כב) וישא אהרן את ידיו אל העם ויברכם מה להלן בנשיאות כפים אף כאן בנשיאות כפים,קשיא ליה לר' יונתן אי מה להלן כהן גדול וראש חודש ועבודת צבור אף כאן כהן גדול וראש חודש ועבודת ציבור,ר' נתן אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (דברים יח, ה) הוא ובניו כל הימים מקיש בניו לו מה הוא בנשיאות כפים אף בניו בנשיאות כפים וכתיב כל הימים ואיתקש ברכה לשירות,ותניא אידך כה תברכו את בני ישראל בשם המפורש אתה אומר בשם המפורש או אינו אלא בכינוי ת"ל (במדבר ו, כז) ושמו את שמי שמי המיוחד לי,יכול אף בגבולין כן נאמר כאן ושמו את שמי ונאמר להלן (דברים יב, ה) לשום את שמו שם מה להלן בית הבחירה אף כאן בבית הבחירה,רבי יאשיה אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (שמות כ, כא) בכל המקום אשר אזכיר את שמי אבוא אליך בכל מקום ס"ד אלא מקרא זה מסורס הוא בכל מקום אשר אבוא אליך וברכתיך שם אזכיר את שמי והיכן אבוא אליך וברכתיך בבית הבחירה שם אזכיר את שמי בבית הבחירה,תניא אידך כה תברכו את בני ישראל אין לי אלא בני ישראל גרים נשים ועבדים משוחררים מנין ת"ל (במדבר ו, כג) אמור להם לכולהו,תניא אידך כה תברכו פנים כנגד פנים אתה אומר פנים כנגד פנים או אינו אלא פנים כנגד עורף ת"ל אמור להם כאדם האומר לחבירו,תניא אידך כה תברכו בקול רם או אינו אלא בלחש ת"ל אמור להם כאדם שאומר לחבירו,אמר אביי נקטינן לשנים קורא כהנים ולא' אינו קורא כהן שנא' אמור להם לשנים ואמר רב חסדא נקטינן כהן קורא כהנים ואין ישראל קורא כהנים שנאמר אמור להם אמירה | 38a. b as it is written /b in the Torah, i.e., the Tetragrammaton, b and in the country /b they use b its substitute name /b of Lordship. b In the country, the priests lift their hands /b so they are b aligned with their shoulders /b during the benediction. b And in the Temple /b they lift them b above their heads, except for the High Priest, who does not lift his hands above the frontplate. /b Since the Tetragrammaton is inscribed on it, it is inappropriate for him to lift his hands above it. b Rabbi Yehuda says: Even the High Priest lifts his hands above the frontplate, as it is stated: “And Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them” /b (Leviticus 9:22)., strong GEMARA: /strong b The Sages taught: /b The mitzva given to the priests: b “So you shall bless /b the children of Israel” (Numbers 6:23), is that they bless them b in the sacred tongue, /b Hebrew. Do b you say /b that the benediction must be recited b in the sacred tongue, or /b perhaps it may be recited b in any language? /b The i baraita /i answers: b It is stated here, /b with regard to the Priestly Benediction: b “So you shall bless,” and it is stated there, /b with regard to the blessings and curses: b “These shall stand /b on Mount Gerizim b to bless the people” /b (Deuteronomy 27:12). There is a verbal analogy between these two usages of the word “bless”: b Just as there, /b the blessings and curses were recited b in the sacred tongue, /b as stated above (33a), b so too here, /b the Priestly Benediction is recited b in the sacred tongue. /b , b Rabbi Yehuda says: It is not necessary /b to derive this from a verbal analogy, as b it says /b with regard to the Priestly Benediction: b “Thus,” /b which means that it is not recited correctly b unless they recite it in this /b exact b language, /b as it is written in the Torah., b It is taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : b “So you shall bless,” /b means b while standing. /b Do b you say /b that the benediction must be recited b while standing, or /b perhaps it may b even /b be recited b while sitting? It is stated here: “So you shall bless,” and it is stated there, /b with regard to the blessings and curses: b “These shall stand /b on Mount Gerizim b to bless.” Just as there, /b the blessing was recited b while standing, so too here, /b the priests must recite the Priestly Benediction b while standing. /b , b Rabbi Natan says: It is not necessary /b to derive this from a verbal analogy, as b it says /b in the verse: “At that time the Lord separated the tribe of Levi to bear the Ark of the Covet of the Lord, to stand before the Lord b to minister to Him and to bless in His name” /b (Deuteronomy 10:8). b Just as /b a priest b performs the /b Temple b service while standing, so too, he blesses while standing. /b The Gemara asks: b And from where do we /b derive that b he performs the service itself /b while standing? b As it is written: “To stand to minister /b in the name of the Lord” (Deuteronomy 18:5)., b It is taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : b “So you shall bless” /b means b with lifted hands. /b Do b you say /b that the priests must recite the benediction b with lifted hands, or /b perhaps they may recite it b without lifted hands? It is stated here: “So you shall bless,” and it is stated there, /b with regard to the dedication of the Tabernacle: b “And Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them” /b (Leviticus 9:22). b Just as there, /b Aaron blessed the nation b with lifted hands, so too here, /b the Priestly Benediction is recited b with lifted hands. /b ,This i halakha /i was b difficult for Rabbi Yonatan to understand: If /b this i halakha /i is derived from the dedication of the Tabernacle, then why not also say: b Just as there, /b the b High Priest /b was the one who recited the blessing, b and /b it was the b New Moon, and /b the offerings that were brought were b a communal service, so too here, /b the Priestly Benediction must be recited only by the b High Priest, and /b on the b New Moon, and /b when performing b a communal service? /b , b Rabbi Natan says: It is not necessary /b to derive from a verbal analogy that the Priestly Benediction is recited with lifted hands, as b it says /b with regard to Aaron: “To stand to minister in the name of the Lord, b him and his sons forever” /b (Deuteronomy 18:5). In this verse, b his sons are juxtaposed with him. Just as /b Aaron recited the Priestly Benediction b with lifted hands, so too, his sons /b recite the benediction b with lifted hands. And /b furthermore, b it is written “forever,” /b which indicates that it is referring not only to special occasions. b And /b although the verse is not referring to the Priestly Benediction, the b benediction is juxtaposed to /b the Temple b service /b in another verse: “To minister to Him and to bless in His name” (Deuteronomy 10:8)., b And it is taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : b “So you shall bless the children of Israel” /b means the blessing should be recited b with the ineffable name. /b Do b you say /b that the Priestly Benediction must be recited b with the ineffable name, or /b perhaps b it is /b recited b with only the substitute name, /b i Adonai /i ? b The verse states: “So shall they put My name” /b (Numbers 6:27), which means b My name that is unique to Me. /b ,One b might /b have thought that b even in the outlying areas, /b outside the Temple, b this /b ineffable name is used. b It is stated here, /b with regard to the Priestly Benediction: b “So shall they put My name,” and it is stated there, /b with regard to the place one must sacrifice offerings: “The place that the Lord your God has chosen out of all your tribes b to put His name there” /b (Deuteronomy 12:5). The verbal analogy teaches that b just as there, /b the expression “to put His name there” is referring to b the Temple, so too here, /b the mitzva of “so shall they put My name” applies b in the Temple /b and not anywhere else., b Rabbi Yoshiya says: It is not necessary /b to derive this i halakha /i from the verbal analogy, as it can be derived from a verse. b It says /b in the verse: b “In every place where I cause My name to be mentioned I will come to you /b and bless you” (Exodus 20:20). Does it b enter your mind /b that this verse literally means that the Divine Presence will be revealed b everywhere? Rather, this verse /b must be interpreted by b transposition. /b It must be reordered and read as follows: b In every place where I will come to you and bless you, there I will cause My name to be mentioned. /b Rabbi Yoshiya explains that God is stating: b And where will I come to you and bless you? In the Temple. /b Therefore, he derives: b There, in the Temple, I will cause My name to be mentioned, /b but the ineffable name is not mentioned elsewhere., b It is taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : b “So you shall bless the sons of Israel” /b (Numbers 6:23). b I have /b derived b only /b the i halakha /i to bless b the sons of Israel. From where /b do I derive the i halakha /i of blessing b converts, women, and emancipated slaves? The verse states /b immediately afterward: b “You shall say to them,” /b meaning b to all of /b the Jewish people., b It is taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : b “So you shall bless,” /b means that the priests must recite the Priestly Benediction b face-to-face /b with the congregation. Do b you say /b that the Benediction must be recited b face-to-face, or /b perhaps b it is only /b recited with the b faces /b of the priests b facing the back of the necks /b of the congregation? b The verse states: “You shall say to them,” /b face-to-face, b like a person who is talking to another. /b , b It is taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : b “So you shall bless” /b means that the benediction must be recited b out loud. Or, /b perhaps, b is it /b recited b only in a whisper? The verse states: “You shall say to them,” like a person who is talking to another. /b , b Abaye said: We have a tradition /b with regard to the prayer leader calling the priests to recite the Priestly Benediction: When there are b two /b priests, b he calls: Priests, but /b when there is b one /b priest b he does not call: Priest, as it is stated: “You shall say to them,” /b in plural, meaning b to /b a minimum of b two /b priests. b And Rav Ḥisda said: We have a tradition /b that b a priest calls: Priests, but an Israelite does not call: Priests, as it is stated: “You shall say to them,” /b which means that the b saying /b |
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37. Babylonian Talmud, Hagigah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 232| 14b. הא בדברי תורה הא במשא ומתן בדברי תורה הוו במשא ומתן לא הוו.,ת"ר מעשה ברבן יוחנן בן זכאי שהיה רוכב על החמור והיה מהלך בדרך ור' אלעזר בן ערך מחמר אחריו אמר לו רבי שנה לי פרק אחד במעשה מרכבה אמר לו לא כך שניתי לכם ולא במרכבה ביחיד אלא א"כ היה חכם מבין מדעתו אמר לו רבי תרשיני לומר לפניך דבר אחד שלמדתני אמר לו אמור,מיד ירד רבן יוחנן בן זכאי מעל החמור ונתעטף וישב על האבן תחת הזית אמר לו רבי מפני מה ירדת מעל החמור אמר אפשר אתה דורש במעשה מרכבה ושכינה עמנו ומלאכי השרת מלוין אותנו ואני ארכב על החמור מיד פתח ר"א בן ערך במעשה המרכבה ודרש וירדה אש מן השמים וסיבבה כל האילנות שבשדה פתחו כולן ואמרו שירה,מה שירה אמרו (תהלים קמח, ז) הללו את ה' מן הארץ תנינים וכל תהומות עץ פרי וכל ארזים הללויה נענה מלאך מן האש ואמר הן הן מעשה המרכבה עמד רבן יוחנן ב"ז ונשקו על ראשו ואמר ברוך ה' אלהי ישראל שנתן בן לאברהם אבינו שיודע להבין ולחקור ולדרוש במעשה מרכבה יש נאה דורש ואין נאה מקיים נאה מקיים ואין נאה דורש אתה נאה דורש ונאה מקיים אשריך אברהם אבינו שאלעזר בן ערך יצא מחלציך,וכשנאמרו הדברים לפני ר' יהושע היה הוא ורבי יוסי הכהן מהלכים בדרך אמרו אף אנו נדרוש במעשה מרכבה פתח רבי יהושע ודרש ואותו היום תקופת תמוז היה נתקשרו שמים בעבים ונראה כמין קשת בענן והיו מלאכי השרת מתקבצין ובאין לשמוע כבני אדם שמתקבצין ובאין לראות במזמוטי חתן וכלה,הלך רבי יוסי הכהן וסיפר דברים לפני רבן יוחנן בן זכאי ואמר אשריכם ואשרי יולדתכם אשרי עיני שכך ראו ואף אני ואתם בחלומי מסובין היינו על הר סיני ונתנה עלינו בת קול מן השמים עלו לכאן עלו לכאן טרקלין גדולים ומצעות נאות מוצעות לכם אתם ותלמידיכם ותלמידי תלמידיכם מזומנין לכת שלישית,איני והתניא ר' יוסי בר' יהודה אומר שלשה הרצאות הן ר' יהושע הרצה דברים לפני רבן יוחנן בן זכאי ר"ע הרצה לפני ר' יהושע חנניא בן חכינאי הרצה לפני ר"ע ואילו ר"א בן ערך לא קא חשיב דארצי וארצו קמיה קחשיב דארצי ולא ארצו קמיה לא קא חשיב והא חנניא בן חכינאי דלא ארצו קמיה וקא חשיב דארצי מיהא קמיה מאן דארצי.,ת"ר ארבעה נכנסו בפרדס ואלו הן בן עזאי ובן זומא אחר ורבי עקיבא אמר להם ר"ע כשאתם מגיעין אצל אבני שיש טהור אל תאמרו מים מים משום שנאמר (תהלים קא, ז) דובר שקרים לא יכון לנגד עיני,בן עזאי הציץ ומת עליו הכתוב אומר (תהלים קטז, טו) יקר בעיני ה' המותה לחסידיו בן זומא הציץ ונפגע ועליו הכתוב אומר (משלי כה, טז) דבש מצאת אכול דייך פן תשבענו והקאתו אחר קיצץ בנטיעות רבי עקיבא יצא בשלום,שאלו את בן זומא מהו לסרוסי כלבא אמר להם (ויקרא כב, כד) ובארצכם לא תעשו כל שבארצכם לא תעשו שאלו את בן זומא בתולה שעיברה מהו לכ"ג מי חיישינן לדשמואל דאמר שמואל | 14b. b This /b case is referring b to words of Torah, /b while b that /b case is referring b to commerce. With regard to words of Torah, they were /b trustworthy; b with regard to commerce, they were not. /b ,§ The Gemara returns to the topic of the Design of the Divine Chariot. b The Sages taught: An incident /b occurred b involving Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai, who was riding on a donkey and was traveling along the way, and /b his student, b Rabbi Elazar ben Arakh, was riding a donkey behind him. /b Rabbi Elazar b said to him: My teacher, teach me one chapter in the Design of the /b Divine b Chariot. He said to him: /b Have b I not taught you: And one may not /b expound the Design of the Divine Chariot b to an individual, unless he is a Sage who understands on his own accord? /b Rabbi Elazar b said to him: My teacher, allow me to say before you one thing that you taught me. /b In other words, he humbly requested to recite before him his own understanding of this issue. b He said to him: Speak. /b , b Immediately, Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai alighted from the donkey, and wrapped /b his head in his cloak in a manner of reverence, b and sat on a stone under an olive tree. /b Rabbi Elazar b said to him: My teacher, for what reason did you alight from the donkey? He said: /b Is it b possible that /b while b you are expounding the Design of the /b Divine b Chariot, and the Divine Presence is with us, and the ministering angels are accompanying us, that I should ride on a donkey? Immediately, Rabbi Elazar ben Arakh began /b to discuss b the Design of the /b Divine b Chariot and expounded, and fire descended from heaven and encircled all the trees in the field, and all /b the trees b began reciting song. /b , b What song did they recite? “Praise the Lord from the earth, sea monsters and all depths…fruit trees and all cedars…praise the Lord” /b (Psalms 148:7–14). b An angel responded from the fire, saying: This is the very Design of the /b Divine b Chariot, /b just as you expounded. b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai stood and kissed /b Rabbi Elazar ben Arakh b on his head, and said: Blessed be God, Lord of Israel, who gave our father Abraham a son /b like you, b who knows /b how b to understand, investigate, and expound the Design of the /b Divine b Chariot. There are some who expound /b the Torah’s verses b well but do not fulfill /b its imperatives b well, /b and there are some b who fulfill /b its imperatives b well but do not expound /b its verses b well, /b whereas b you expound /b its verses b well and fulfill /b its imperatives b well. Happy are you, our father Abraham, that Elazar ben Arakh came from your loins. /b ,The Gemara relates: b And when /b these b matters, /b this story involving his colleague Rabbi Elazar ben Arakh, b were recounted before Rabbi Yehoshua, he was walking along the way with Rabbi Yosei the Priest. They said: We too shall expound the Design of the /b Divine b Chariot. Rabbi Yehoshua began expounding. And that was the day of the summer solstice, /b when there are no clouds in the sky. Yet the b heavens became filled with clouds, and there was the appearance of a kind of rainbow in a cloud. And ministering angels gathered and came to listen, like people gathering and coming to see the rejoicing of a bridegroom and bride. /b , b Rabbi Yosei the Priest went and recited /b these b matters before Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai, /b who b said /b to him: b Happy are /b all of b you, and happy are /b the mothers b who gave birth to you; happy are my eyes that saw this, /b students such as these. b As for you and I, /b I saw b in my dream /b that b we were seated at Mount Sinai, and a Divine Voice came to us from heaven: Ascend here, ascend here, /b for b large halls /b [ b i teraklin /i /b ] b and pleasant couches are made up for you. You, your students, and the students of your students are invited to /b the b third group, /b those who will merit to welcome the Divine Presence.,The Gemara poses a question: b Is that so? But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says: There are three lectures. /b In other words, there are three Sages with regard to whom it states that they delivered lectures on the mystical tradition: b Rabbi Yehoshua lectured /b on these b matters before Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai; Rabbi Akiva lectured before Rabbi Yehoshua; /b and b Ḥaya ben Ḥakhinai lectured before Rabbi Akiva. However, Rabbi Elazar ben Arakh was not included /b in the list, despite the testimony that he lectured before Rabban Yoḥa. The Gemara explains: Those b who lectured and were /b also b lectured to were included; /b but those b who lectured and were not lectured to were not included. /b The Gemara asks: b But wasn’t /b there b Ḥaya ben Ḥakhinai, who was not lectured to, and /b yet b he is included? /b The Gemara answers: Ḥaya ben Ḥakhinai b actually lectured before one who lectured /b in front of his own rabbi, so he was also included in this list.,§ b The Sages taught: Four entered the orchard [ i pardes /i ], /b i.e., dealt with the loftiest secrets of Torah, b and they are as follows: Ben Azzai; and ben Zoma; i Aḥer /i , /b the other, a name for Elisha ben Avuya; b and Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Akiva, /b the senior among them, b said to them: When, /b upon your arrival in the upper worlds, b you reach pure marble stones, do not say: Water, water, /b although they appear to be water, b because it is stated: “He who speaks falsehood shall not be established before My eyes” /b (Psalms 101:7).,The Gemara proceeds to relate what happened to each of them: b Ben Azzai glimpsed /b at the Divine Presence b and died. And with regard to him the verse states: “Precious in the eyes of the Lord is the death of His pious ones” /b (Psalms 116:15). b Ben Zoma glimpsed /b at the Divine Presence b and was harmed, /b i.e., he lost his mind. b And with regard to him the verse states: “Have you found honey? Eat as much as is sufficient for you, lest you become full from it and vomit it” /b (Proverbs 25:16). b i Aḥer /i chopped down the shoots /b of saplings. In other words, he became a heretic. b Rabbi Akiva came out safely. /b ,The Gemara recounts the greatness of ben Zoma, who was an expert interpreter of the Torah and could find obscure proofs: b They asked ben Zoma: What is /b the i halakha /i with regard to b castrating a dog? /b The prohibition against castration appears alongside the sacrificial blemishes, which may imply that it is permitted to castrate an animal that cannot be sacrificed as an offering. b He said to them: /b The verse states “That which has its testicles bruised, or crushed, or torn, or cut, you shall not offer to God, nor b shall you do so in your land” /b (Leviticus 22:24), from which we learn: With regard to b any /b animal b that is in your land, you shall not do /b such a thing. b They /b also b asked ben Zoma: /b A woman considered b to be a virgin who became pregt, what is /b the i halakha /i ? b A High Priest /b may marry only a virgin; is he permitted to marry her? The answer depends on the following: b Are we concerned for /b the opinion of b Shmuel? Shmuel says: /b |
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38. Babylonian Talmud, Kiddushin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 373 | 72a. b And it is /b only b now /b that b the Persians moved /b the bridge further b up /b northward. b Abaye said to Rav Yosef: Until where does /b the border extend b on this /b western b side of the Euphrates? Rav Yosef said to him: What are you thinking? /b Why do you ask? Is it b due to /b the town of b Biram? /b Even b those of /b pure b lineage /b who live in b Pumbedita marry /b women b from Biram, /b which demonstrates that the residents of Biram are presumed to have unflawed lineage., b Rav Pappa says: Just as /b there is b a dispute /b between Rav and Shmuel as to the northern border of Babylonia with regard b to lineage, so /b is there b a dispute with regard to bills of divorce. /b An agent bringing a bill of divorce from a country overseas to Eretz Yisrael must state that it was written and signed in his presence. If he brought it from Babylonia, there is no requirement for him to state this. Rav Pappa is teaching that the borders that define Babylonia with regard to this issue are the same as the borders with regard to lineage. b And Rav Yosef says: /b This b dispute /b is b with regard to lineage, but with regard to bills of divorce, everyone agrees /b that it is considered Babylonia b up to the second lake of the bridge /b that Shmuel mentioned., b Rami bar Abba said: /b The province of b Ḥaveil Yamma is the glory of Babylonia /b with regard to lineage; b Shunya and Guvya /b are b the glory of Ḥaveil Yamma. Ravina said: /b The town of b Tzitzora /b is b also /b like Shunya and Guvya. b This is also taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Ḥa ben Pineḥas says: Ḥaveil Yamma is the glory of Babylonia; Shunya and Guvya and Tzitzora /b are b the glory of Ḥaveil Yamma. Rav Pappa says: And nowadays, Samaritans have assimilated with them, /b and their lineage is problematic. The Gemara comments: b And /b that b is not so. /b Rather, one Samaritan b requested /b to marry b a woman from them and they would not give /b her b to him, /b which led to the rumor that Samaritans had assimilated with them. The Gemara asks: b What /b is this region called b Ḥaveil Yamma? Rav Pappa said: This /b is the area near the b Euphrates /b adjacent b to Bursi. /b ,The Gemara relates: There was b a certain man who said to /b the Sages: b I am from /b a place called b Shot Mishot. Rabbi Yitzḥak Nappaḥa stood on his feet and said: Shot Mishot is located between the /b Tigris and Euphrates b Rivers. /b The Gemara asks: b And if it is located between the rivers, what of it? /b What i halakha /i is this relevant for? b Abaye said /b that b Rabbi Ḥama bar Ukva says /b that b Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says: /b The area b between the rivers is like the exile, /b meaning Pumbedita, b with regard to lineage. /b The Gemara inquires: b And where is /b the area between the rivers b located /b for the purpose of this i halakha /i ? b Rabbi Yoḥa said: From Ihi Dekira and upward, /b i.e., northward. The Gemara asks: b But doesn’t Rabbi Yoḥa say: Until the crossing at Gizma /b but no further? b Abaye said: A strip extends /b from that region past Ihi Dekira., b Rav Ika bar Avin says /b that b Rav Ḥael says /b that b Rav says: Ḥillazon Nihavnad is like the exile with regard to lineage. Abaye said to them: Do not listen to /b Rav Ika bar Avin about this, as b it was a i yevama /i /b who b fell before him /b from b there /b to perform levirate marriage, and he said that its lineage was unflawed because he wished to marry her. Rav Ika bar Avin b said to him: Is that to say /b that this i halakha /i b is mine? It is Rav Ḥael’s, /b and it is not reasonable to say that I was influenced by my own interests in stating it. b They went and asked Rav Ḥael. He said to them: Rav said as follows: Ḥillazon Nihavnad is like the exile with regard to lineage. /b ,The Gemara comments: b And /b this b disagrees /b with the statement b of Rabbi Abba bar Kahana, as Rabbi Abba bar Kahana says: What /b is the meaning of that b which is written /b with regard to the exile of the ten tribes of the kingdom of Israel: b “And he put them in Halah, and in Habor, on the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes” /b (II Kings 18:11)? b Halah is Ḥillazon; Habor is Hadyav; the river of Gozan is Ginzak; the cities of the Medes are Ḥamadan and its neighboring towns, and some say: This is Nihavnad and its neighboring towns. /b Since the ten tribes assimilated with the gentiles, the lineage of Jews from those places is flawed, unlike that which was taught before.,The Gemara asks: b What /b are the b neighboring towns /b of Nihavnad? b Shmuel said: /b The b city /b of b Mushekhei, Ḥosekei, and Rumekei. Rabbi Yoḥa says: And /b all of these are the same with regard b to flawed /b lineage. b It was assumed /b that b Mushekhei is /b the same as b Mushekanei. /b The Gemara therefore asks: b But doesn’t Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin say /b that b Shmuel says: Mushekanei is like the exile with regard to lineage? Rather, /b it must be that b Mushekhei is discrete, and Mushekanei is discrete. /b ,In connection to the aforementioned places, the Gemara analyzes the following verse, describing a vision of a bear-like animal: b “And it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth” /b (Daniel 7:5). b Rabbi Yoḥa says: This is Ḥillazon, Hadyav, and Netzivin, which /b the Persian government b sometimes swallows and sometimes discharges. /b In other words, control over these places passed from the Persians to the Romans and back again several times.,The first part of that verse stated: b “And behold a second beast, similar to a bear” /b (Daniel 7:5). b Rav Yosef taught: These are Persians, who eat and drink /b copious amounts b like a bear, and are corpulent like a bear, and grow hair like a bear, and have no rest like a bear, /b which is constantly on the move from one place to another. b When Rabbi Ami saw a Persian riding, he would say: This is a bear on the move. /b , b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b said to Levi: Show me Persians, /b i.e., describe a typical Persian to me. Levi b said to him: /b They b are similar to the legions of the house of David. /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said: b Show me Ḥabbarin, /b Persian priests. Levi said to him: They b are similar to angels of destruction. /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said: b Show me Ishmaelites. /b Levi said to him: They b are similar to demons of an outhouse. /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said: b Show me Torah scholars of Babylonia. /b Levi said to him: They b are similar to ministering angels. /b , b When Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b was dying, he said /b prophetically: b There is /b a place called b Homanya in Babylonia, /b and b all its /b people are the sons b of Ammon. There is /b a place called b Masgariya in Babylonia, /b and b all its /b people are b i mamzerim /i . There is /b a place called b Bireka in Babylonia, /b and b there are two brothers /b there b who exchange wives with each other, /b and their children are therefore i mamzerim /i . b There is /b a place called b Bireta DeSatya in Babylonia. Today they turned away from the Omnipresent. /b What did they do? b A ditch with fish overflowed, and they went and trapped /b the fish b on Shabbat. Rabbi Aḥai, son of Rabbi Yoshiya, excommunicated them, and they /b all b became apostates. There is /b a place called b Akra DeAgma in Babylonia. There is /b a man named b Adda bar Ahava there. /b |
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39. Babylonian Talmud, Menachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 72 | 37a. b Rabbi Yosei HaḤorem says: /b This is no proof, as b we have found that /b the b right /b hand is also b called i yad /i , as it is stated: “And when Joseph saw that his father was laying his right hand [ i yad yemino /i ]” /b (Genesis 48:17). The Gemara asks: b And the other /b i tanna /i , who maintains that the right hand is not called i yad /i , how does he respond to this proof? He maintains that the right hand b is called “his right hand [ i yad yemino /i ],” /b but it b is not called a i yad /i without /b further b specification. /b , b Rabbi Natan says: /b This proof is b not necessary, /b as b it says: “And you shall bind them /b for a sign upon your arm” (Deuteronomy 6:8), and then it states: b “And you shall write them /b upon the doorposts of your house” (Deuteronomy 6:9). This teaches that b just as writing is with /b the b right /b hand, as most people write with their right hands, b so too, /b the b binding /b of phylacteries must be performed b with /b the b right /b hand. b And since binding is with /b the b right /b hand, this means that b donning is on /b the b left /b arm, as one cannot bind the phylacteries with the same hand upon which he is donning them. The Gemara asks: b And from where does Rabbi Yosei HaḤorem, /b who holds that the right hand is also called i yad /i in the Torah, b derive that donning /b phylacteries is b on /b the b left /b arm? The Gemara answers: b He derives it from where Rabbi Natan derives it. /b , b Rav Ashi said: /b The requirement that phylacteries be donned on the left arm is derived b from /b the verse: “It shall be for a sign upon b your arm [ i yadkha /i ]” /b (Exodus 13:16), which b is written with /b a letter b i heh /i /b at the end. This is expounded as though it stated: Your b weak [ i keha /i ] /b arm. b Rabbi Abba said to Rav Ashi: But /b one can b say /b that i yadkha /i should be interpreted as i yadko’aḥ /i , with a letter i ḥet /i at the end instead of a i heh /i . If so, this would mean: b Your arm that is of strength [ i shebeko’aḥ /i ], /b which is the right arm. Rav Ashi b said to /b Rabbi Abba: b Is /b this word b written with a i ḥet /i ? /b ,The Gemara notes that Rav Ashi’s opinion, that the i halakha /i that phylacteries are donned on the left arm is derived from the term i yadkha /i , is b subject to /b a dispute between b i tanna’im /i , /b as it is taught in a i baraita /i : b i Yadkha /i /b is written b with a i heh /i , /b indicating weakness, and b this /b is referring to the b left /b arm. b Others say: “Your arm,” /b i.e., i yadkha /i , serves b to include one without /b a complete b arm, /b i.e., one whose arm ends at the elbow, in the obligation to don phylacteries, as the remaining part is also categorized as a weak arm. It b is taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : If one b does not have /b a left b arm, /b i.e., not even above the elbow, he is b exempt from the /b mitzva of b phylacteries. Others say: i Yadkha /i /b serves b to include one without /b a left b arm /b even above the elbow, teaching that he must don phylacteries on his right arm., b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : b A left-handed person dons phylacteries on his right /b arm, b which is /b equivalent to b his left /b arm, i.e., his weaker arm. The Gemara raises a difficulty: b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i that a left-handed person b dons /b phylacteries b on his left /b arm, b which is the left /b arm b of every /b other b person? Abaye said: When that /b i baraita /i b is taught, /b it is referring b to one who has /b equal b control with both his hands, /b i.e., an ambidextrous person. Since such an individual also uses his right hand, he dons phylacteries on his left arm., b The school of Menashe taught /b with regard to the verse: “And you shall bind them for a sign on your arm, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes” (Deuteronomy 6:8): b “On your arm”; this /b is the b bicep. “Between your eyes”; this /b is the b crown /b of the head. The Gemara asks: b Where /b exactly on the crown of the head are the phylacteries placed? b The school of Rabbi Yannai say: /b Phylacteries are placed on the b place where /b the bone above b the baby’s brain is soft /b after birth.,§ The Sage b Peleimu raised a dilemma before Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi: In the case of b one who has two heads, on which of them does he don phylacteries? /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi b said to him: Either get up /b and b exile /b yourself from here b or accept upon yourself excommunication /b for asking such a ridiculous question. b In the meantime, a certain man arrived /b and b said to /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: A firstborn b child has been born to me who has two heads. How much /b money b must I give to the priest /b for the redemption of the firstborn? b A certain elder came /b and b taught him: You are obligated to give him ten i sela /i , /b the requisite five for each head.,The Gemara asks: b Is that so? But Rami bar Ḥama teaches: Since it is stated /b with regard to the redemption of the firstborn: b “The firstborn of man you shall redeem” /b (Numbers 18:15), b I /b would b derive /b that b even /b if b he was ravaged, /b e.g., by an animal, b within thirty /b days of his birth, one should redeem him. To counter this, b the verse states: /b |
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40. Babylonian Talmud, Nedarim, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 138| 14b. תניא הנודר בתורה לא אמר כלום במה שכתוב בה דבריו קיימין בה ובמה שכתוב בה דבריו קיימין,קתני במה שכתוב בה דבריו קיימין בה ובמה שכתוב בה צריך למימר,אמר רב נחמן לא קשיא הא דמחתא אורייתא אארעא הא דנקיט לה בידיה מחתא על ארעא דעתיה אגווילי נקט לה בידיה דעתיה על האזכרות שבה,ואיבעית אימא דמחתא על ארעא והא קא משמע לן דאף על גב דמחתא על ארעא כיוון דאמר במה שכתוב בה מהני וזו ואין צריך לומר זו קתני,ואי בעית אימא כולה מציעתא נמי דנקיט ליה בידיה והא קא משמע לן כיוון דנקיט ליה בידיה אף על גב דלא אמר אלא בה כמאן דאמר במה שכתוב בה דמי:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big קונם שאני ישן שאני מדבר שאני מהלך האומר לאשה קונם שאני משמשך הרי זה בלא יחל דברו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big איתמר קונם עיני בשינה היום אם אישן למחר אמר רב יהודה אמר רב אל יישן היום שמא יישן למחר ורב נחמן אמר יישן היום ולא חיישינן שמא יישן למחר ומודה רב יהודה באומר קונם עיני בשינה למחר אם אישן היום שישן היום | 14b. § b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b One who takes a vow /b by associating an item b with a Torah /b scroll b has not said anything, /b and the vow does not take effect. However, he associates the item b with what is written in /b the Torah scroll, b his statement is upheld. /b Since the name of God is written in the Torah, he has invoked God’s name in his vow. If he associates the item b with it and with what is written in it, his statement is upheld. /b ,The Gemara asks: b It is taught /b that if he associates the item b with what is written in /b the Torah scroll, b his statement is upheld. Need it be said /b that the i halakha /i is the same if he associates the item b with it and with what is written in it? /b That is obvious., b Rav Naḥman said: /b This is b not difficult. This /b case, in which the item is associated with it and with what is written in it, is referring to b where the Torah /b scroll b is placed on the ground, /b while b that /b case, in which the item is associated with what is written in it, is referring to b where he is holding it in his hands. /b If b it is placed on the ground, /b whether one mentions the Torah scroll or what is written in it, b his thoughts are concerning the parchment, /b i.e., the physical scroll, as he naturally assumes that since the scroll is placed on the ground, the parchment must be blank. Therefore, the vow takes effect only if he mentions both it and what is written in it, indicating that he is aware that it is a Torah scroll. However, where b he is holding it in his hands /b and associates the item with what is written in it, b his thoughts are concerning the mentions [ i azkarot /i ] /b of the name of God b that are in it, /b and the vow takes effect., b And if you wish, say /b instead that the entire i baraita /i is referring to a case b where it is placed on the ground, and this /b middle clause of: With what is written in the Torah scroll, b teaches us that even though it is placed on the ground, since he said: With what is written in it, it is /b an b effective /b vow, as he was clearly referring to the names of God. b And /b the i tanna /i of the i baraita /i b teaches /b employing the style: b This, and it is unnecessary to say that. /b The i baraita /i teaches the i halakha /i where he said: What is written in it, which has a novel element, and then states a more obvious ruling, i.e., it goes without saying that if he associates the item with it and with what is written in it, the vow takes effect., b And if you wish, say /b instead that b the entire middle clause, /b i.e., the latter clause, where he associates the item with it and with what is written in it, is referring to a case b where he is holding /b the Torah scroll b in his hands. And /b the i baraita /i b teaches us this: Since he is holding it in his hands, even though he said only: With /b the Torah scroll, and did not explicitly state: With what is written in it, he is b considered /b to be b like one who said: With what is written in it. /b Therefore, the item is prohibited., strong MISHNA: /strong With regard to one who says: b Sleeping is /b forbidden b for me as if /b it were b an offering [ i konam /i ], /b thereby prohibiting himself from sleeping; or: b Speaking is /b i konam /i b for me; /b or: b Walking is /b i konam /i b for me; /b or b one who says to his wife: Engaging in sexual intercourse with you is i konam /i for me, /b if he violates the vow b he is in /b violation of the prohibition b “He shall not profane his word” /b (Numbers 30:3)., strong GEMARA: /strong b It was stated /b that with regard to one who says: b Sleeping is i konam /i for my eyes today if I will sleep tomorrow, Rav Yehuda said /b that b Rav said: He may not sleep today, lest he sleep tomorrow /b and thereby cause the vow to have been violated today, retroactively. b And Rav Naḥman said: He may sleep today, /b as there is currently no prohibition, b and we are not concerned that he will perhaps sleep tomorrow, /b as he will be careful not to sleep. b And Rav Yehuda concedes /b that b in /b a case where b he says: Sleeping is i konam /i for my eyes tomorrow if I sleep today, he may sleep today. /b |
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41. Babylonian Talmud, Pesahim, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147| 50a. כאיסורו מה איסורו בכזית אף חזרתו בכזית,תניא ר' נתן אומר זה וזה כשתי ביצים ולא הודו לו חכמים,(זכריה יד, ו) והיה ביום ההוא לא יהיה אור יקרות וקפאון מאי יקרות וקפאון,א"ר אלעזר זה אור שיקר בעולם הזה וקפוי לעולם הבא,ר' יוחנן אמר אלו נגעים ואהלות שיקרין הן בעוה"ז וקפויין הן לעולם הבא,ור' יהושע בן לוי אמר אלו בני אדם שיקרין הן בעולם הזה וקפויין הן לעוה"ב כי הא דרב יוסף בריה דר' יהושע בן לוי חלש ואיתנגיד כי הדר אמר ליה אבוה מאי חזית אמר ליה עולם הפוך ראיתי עליונים למטה ותחתונים למעלה אמר לו בני עולם ברור ראית ואנן היכי התם כי היכי דאיתו אנן הכא הכי איתינן התם,ושמעתי שהיו אומרים אשרי מי שבא לכאן ותלמודו בידו ושמעתי שהיו אומרים הרוגי מלכות אין אדם יכול לעמוד במחיצתן,(ומאן) נינהו אילימא ר"ע וחביריו משום הרוגי מלכות ותו לא אלא הרוגי לוד,(זכריה יד, כ) ביום ההוא יהיה על מצלות הסוס קדש לה' מאי מצלות הסוס,א"ר יהושע בן לוי עתיד הקב"ה להוסיף על ירושלים עד שהסוס רץ ומציל,ר' אלעזר אמר כל מצילות שתולין לסוס בין עיניו יהיה קדש לה',ור' יוחנן אמר כל ביזה שבוזזין ישראל עד שעה שהסוס רץ ומציל יהיה קדש לה',בשלמא למאן דאמר כל ביזה שבזזו ישראל היינו דכתיב (זכריה יד, כ) והיה הסירות בבית ה' כמזרקים לפני המזבח אלא למ"ד בהנך תרתי מאי והיה הסירות בבית ה' מילתא אחריתי קאמר דמתעתרי ישראל ומתנדבי ומייתי,בשלמא למ"ד ביזה היינו דכתיב (זכריה יד, כא) ולא יהיה כנעני עוד בבית ה' צבאות אלא למ"ד הנך תרתי מאי ולא יהיה כנעני א"ר ירמיה אין כאן עני,וכנעני מנלן דאיקרי תגר דכתיב (בראשית לח, ב) וירא שם יהודה בת איש כנעני מאי כנעני אילימא כנעני ממש אפשר בא אברהם והזהיר את יצחק בא יצחק והזהיר את יעקב ויהודה אזיל ונסיב אלא אמר רבי שמעון בן לקיש בת גברא תגרא דכתיב (הושע יב, ח) כנען בידו מאזני מרמה ואיבעית אימא מהכא (ישעיהו כג, ח) אשר סוחריה שרים כנעניה נכבדי ארץ:,(זכריה יד, ט) והיה ה' למלך על כל הארץ ביום ההוא יהיה ה' אחד ושמו אחד אטו האידנא לאו אחד הוא,אמר רבי אחא בר חנינא לא כעולם הזה העולם הבא העולם הזה על בשורות טובות אומר ברוך הטוב והמטיב ועל בשורות רעות אומר ברוך דיין האמת לעולם הבא כולו הטוב והמטיב,ושמו אחד מאי אחד אטו האידנא לאו שמו אחד הוא,א"ר נחמן בר יצחק לא כעולם הזה העולם הבא העולם הזה נכתב ביו"ד ה"י ונקרא באל"ף דל"ת אבל לעולם הבא כולו אחד נקרא ביו"ד ה"י ונכתב ביו"ד ה"י,סבר רבא למדרשה בפירקא א"ל ההוא סבא לעלם כתיב,ר' אבינא רמי כתיב (שמות ג, טו) זה שמי לעלם וזה זכרי לדור דור אמר הקב"ה לא כשאני נכתב אני נקרא נכתב אני ביו"ד ה"א ונקרא אני באל"ף דל"ת:, br br big strongהדרן עלך אלו עוברין /strong /big br br,מתני׳ big strongמקום /strong /big שנהגו לעשות מלאכה בערבי פסחים עד חצות עושין מקום שנהגו שלא לעשות אין עושין ההולך ממקום שעושין למקום שאין עושין או ממקום שאין עושין למקום שעושין נותנין עליו חומרי מקום שיצא משם וחומרי מקום שהלך לשם | 50a. b is analogous to its prohibition. Just as its prohibition is /b only when it is the size of an b olive-bulk, so too, /b the requirement to b return it is /b only when it is the size of an b olive-bulk. /b ,Another opinion on this issue b was taught /b in a i baraita /i . b Rabbi Natan says: /b The minimum measure for both b this and that, /b leaven and sacrificial meat, is b two egg-bulks /b of prohibited material, b but the Rabbis did not agree with him. /b ,Incidental to the discussion of leaving Jerusalem and its surrounding area, the Gemara cites expositions of a prophetic passage, including a statement that God will eventually expand the boundaries of Jerusalem. The verse states: b “And it shall come to pass on that day that there shall not be light, /b but b heavy clouds [ i yekarot /i ] and thickness [ i vekippaon /i ]” /b (Zechariah 14:6). The Gemara asks: b What is /b the meaning of the expression b “ i yekarot vekippaon /i ”? /b , b Rabbi Elazar said: This is /b the b light /b currently provided by the sun, b which is significant /b [ b i yakar /i ] in this world and insignificant /b [ b i kafuy /i ] in the World-to-Come, /b when the moon will shine as brightly as the sun does now and the sun will be seven times brighter than it is currently., b Rabbi Yoḥa said: This /b expression refers to the tractates of b i Nega’im /i and i Oholot /i , which are weighty [ i yekarim /i ] /b owing to their difficulty b in this world, /b as they are among the most complex subjects, b but /b will be b easy [ i kefuyin /i ] in the World-to-Come, /b when people will be much wiser., b And Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: These are people who are /b considered b important [ i yekarim /i ] in this world and unimportant /b [ b i kefuyim /i ] in the World-to-Come. /b This is b like /b the incident involving b Rav Yosef, son of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, /b who b became ill and /b was about to b expire. When he returned /b to good health, b his father said to him: What did you see /b when you were about to die? b He said to him: I saw an inverted world. Those above, /b i.e., those who are considered important in this world, were b below, /b insignificant, while b those below, /b i.e., those who are insignificant in this world, were b above. He said to him: My son, you have seen a clear world. /b The world you have seen is the true world, as in that world people’s standings befit them. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi asked: b And where are we, /b the Torah scholars, b there? /b Rav Yosef responded: b Just as we are /b regarded b here, so are we /b regarded b there. /b ,Rav Yosef added: b And I heard that they were saying /b in that world: b Praiseworthy is the one who arrives here with his studies in hand. And I /b also b heard that they were saying: Those executed by the government /b enjoy such an exalted status that b no one can stand in their enclosure. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And who are these /b martyrs that Rav Yosef was referring to? b If you say /b that he was referring to b Rabbi Akiva and his colleagues, /b who were martyred, this cannot be: Is their elevated status b due /b only b to /b the fact that b they were martyred by /b the Roman b government and nothing more? /b These men were exceptional in their piety and sanctity during their lives as well. b Rather, /b it is referring to b the martyrs of Lod, /b Pappos and Luliyanos, who gave themselves up to be martyred for the sake of the Jewish people. They falsely admitted to killing the king’s daughter in order to prevent a harsh decree from being issued against the entire community. Although they were not known for exceptional piety before that event, they are considered to be extremely holy due to their martyrdom.,The Gemara continues to expound the section of the book of Zechariah cited above. The verse states: b “On that day there shall be upon the bells of the horses [ i metzillot hasus /i ]: Holy unto the Lord” /b (Zechariah 14:20). The Gemara asks: b What is /b the meaning of the expression b i metzillot hasus /i ? /b , b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: In the future the Holy One, Blessed be He, will extend Jerusalem /b by b as much as /b the distance that b a horse can run /b the entire time b it casts a shadow [ i metzeil /i ]. /b Jerusalem will be so large that a horse running from one side of the city in the morning will not arrive at the other end of the city until midday, when its shadow will have disappeared., b Rabbi Elazar said: All /b decorative b bells [ i metzillot /i ] that one hangs between the eyes of a horse will be sanctified to God, /b i.e., they will be consecrated for the Temple treasury., b And Rabbi Yoḥa said: All spoils that the Jewish people /b will b take /b from gentiles who wage war against them, b up to the time a horse runs and casts a shadow [ i metzeil /i ], /b i.e., half a day, b will be sanctified for God. /b ,The Gemara asks: b Granted, according to the one who said /b that this expression refers to b all spoils that the Jewish people /b will b take, this is as it is written /b in the continuation of the verse, which mentions additional treasure donated to the Temple: b “And the pots in the Lord’s house shall be like the basins before the altar.” However, according to the ones who said these /b other b two /b explanations, b what /b is the meaning of: b “And the pots in the Lord’s house”? /b The Gemara explains that according to these opinions the verse b is saying something else: /b It is prophesying that in the future b the Jewish people will become wealthy and bring donations /b to the Temple.,The Gemara goes on to ask: b Granted, according to the one who said /b that this expression refers to b spoils, this is as it is written /b in the next verse: b “And /b on that day b there shall no longer be a merchant [ i kena’ani /i ] in the house of the Lord of hosts” /b (Zechariah 14:21), as he will no longer be needed. b However, according to the ones who said these /b other b two /b explanations, b what /b is the meaning of the expression: b “There shall no longer be a merchant”? Rabbi Yirmeya said: /b The word i kena’ani /i is in fact a contraction of the phrase: b There is no poor person here [ i ein kan ani /i ]. /b In other words, there will no longer be poor people, and therefore the Jews themselves will be able to donate whatever is needed in the Temple (Maharsha)., b And from where do we /b derive b that a merchant can be called a i kena’ani /i ? As it is written: “And Judah saw there the daughter of a certain i kena’ani /i … /b and he took her, and went in unto her” (Genesis 38:2). b What is /b the meaning of the word b i kena’ani /i /b in this context? b If you say /b it refers to b an actual Canaanite, is it possible that Abraham warned Isaac /b not to marry a Canaanite woman, and b Isaac warned Jacob /b to the same effect, b and /b nonetheless b Judah went and married /b a Canaanite woman? b Rather, Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: /b She was b the daughter of a merchant, as it is written: “As for the merchant [ i kena’an /i ], the balances of deceit are in his hand. He loves /b to oppress” (Hosea 12:8). b And if you wish, say /b instead that this meaning of the word can be understood from the following verse, which describes Tyre: b “Whose traders are princes, whose merchants [ i kieha /i ] are the honorable of the earth” /b (Isaiah 23:8).,The Gemara cites another verse from the prophecy at the end of the book of Zechariah: b “And the Lord shall be King over all the earth, on that day shall the Lord be one and His name one” /b (Zechariah 14:9). The Gemara asks: b Is that to say that now He is not one? /b , b Rabbi Aḥa bar Ḥanina said: The World-to-Come is not like this world. /b In b this world, upon good tidings one recites: Blessed…Who is good and does good, and over bad tidings one recites: Blessed…the true Judge. In the World-to-Come /b one will b always /b recite: b Blessed…Who is good and does good. /b There will be only one mode of blessing God for tidings.,The verse states: “On that day shall the Lord be one b and His name one.” /b The Gemara asks: b What /b is the meaning of the word b one /b in this context? b Is that to say that now His name is not one? /b , b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: The World-to-Come is not like this world. In this world, /b God’s name that b is written with /b the letters b i yod /i /b and b i heh /i is read /b as i Adonai /i , which begins with the letters b i alef /i /b and b i dalet /i . /b God’s name is not pronounced in the same way as it is written. b However, in the World-to-Come it will all be one, /b as God’s name will be both b read with /b the letters b i yod /i /b and b i heh /i and written with /b the letters b i yod /i /b and b i heh /i . /b , b Rava thought to expound /b upon the correct punctuation and enunciation of the name of God during his public b lecture /b before one of the Festivals. b A certain old man said to him: /b The word b forever is written /b in the verse: “This is My name forever [ i le’olam /i ]” (Exodus 3:15) without the letter i vav /i , such that it can be read i le’alem /i , to conceal, meaning that the name should be concealed., b Rabbi Avina raised a contradiction: It is written /b in the verse: b “This is My name forever,” /b implying a requirement to conceal the name of God, and in the very next phrase it states: b “And this is My memorial unto all generations” /b (Exodus 3:15), which indicates that the name of God is to be publicized and remembered by all. Rather, b the Holy One, Blessed be He, said: I, /b i.e., My name, is b not read as I am written. I am written with /b the letters b i yod /i /b and b i heh /i , and I am read with /b the letters b i alef /i /b and b i dalet /i . /b ,, strong MISHNA: /strong In b a place where /b the people were b accustomed to perform labor on Passover eve until midday, one /b may b do /b so on that day. In b a place where /b the people were b accustomed not to perform /b labor, b one /b may b not do /b so. The performance of labor on the eve of Passover is not prohibited by Torah law, but is dependent on local custom. If one b travels from a place where /b people b perform /b labor on Passover eve b to a place where /b people b do not perform /b labor, b or from a place where /b people b do not perform /b labor on Passover eve b to a place where /b people b perform /b labor, the Sages b impose upon him the stringencies of /b both b the place from which he left and the stringencies of the place to which he went. /b In both cases, he may not perform labor. |
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42. Babylonian Talmud, Qiddushin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147| 71a. מטהר שבטים שבטו של לוי מטהר תחילה שנא' (מלאכי ג, ג) וישב מצרף ומטהר כסף וטיהר את בני לוי וזיקק אותם כזהב וככסף והיו לי"י מגישי מנחה בצדקה,אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי כסף מטהר ממזרים שנאמר וישב מצרף ומטהר כסף מאי מגישי מנחה בצדקה א"ר יצחק צדקה עשה הקב"ה עם ישראל שמשפחה שנטמעה נטמעה,גופא אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל כל ארצות עיסה לארץ ישראל וארץ ישראל עיסה לבבל בימי רבי בקשו לעשות בבל עיסה לארץ ישראל אמר להן קוצים אתם משימים לי בין עיני רצונכם יטפל עמכם ר' חנינא בר חמא,נטפל עמהם ר' חנינא בר חמא אמר להם כך מקובלני מר' ישמעאל בר' יוסי שאמר משום אביו כל ארצות עיסה לארץ ישראל וארץ ישראל עיסה לבבל,בימי רבי פנחס בקשו לעשות בבל עיסה לארץ ישראל אמר להם לעבדיו כשאני אומר שני דברים בבית המדרש טלוני בעריסה ורוצו כי עייל אמר להם אין שחיטה לעוף מן התורה,אדיתבי וקמעייני בה אמר להו כל ארצות עיסה לארץ ישראל וארץ ישראל עיסה לבבל נטלוהו בעריסה ורצו רצו אחריו ולא הגיעוהו ישבו ובדקו עד שהגיעו לסכנה ופירשו,א"ר יוחנן היכלא בידינו היא אבל מה אעשה שהרי גדולי הדור נטמעו בה סבר לה כר' יצחק דאמר ר' יצחק משפחה שנטמעה נטמעה,אמר אביי אף אנן נמי תנינא משפחת בית הצריפה היתה בעבר הירדן וריחקה בן ציון בזרוע עוד אחרת היתה וקירבה בן ציון בזרוע כגון אלו אליהו בא לטמא ולטהר לרחק ולקרב כגון אלו דידעין אבל משפחה שנטמעה נטמעה,תאנא עוד אחרת היתה ולא רצו חכמים לגלותה אבל חכמים מוסרים אותו לבניהם ולתלמידיהן פעם אחת בשבוע ואמרי לה פעמים בשבוע אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק מסתברא כמאן דאמר פעם אחת בשבוע כדתניא הריני נזיר אם לא אגלה משפחות יהיה נזיר ולא יגלה משפחות,אמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר ר' יוחנן שם בן ארבע אותיות חכמים מוסרין אותו לתלמידיהן פעם אחת בשבוע ואמרי לה פעמים בשבוע אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק מסתברא כמאן דאמר פעם אחת בשבוע דכתיב (שמות ג, טו) זה שמי לעולם לעלם כתיב רבא סבר למידרשיה בפירקא א"ל ההוא סבא לעלם כתיב,רבי אבינא רמי כתיב (שמות ג, טו) זה שמי וכתיב (שמות ג, טו) זה זכרי אמר הקב"ה לא כשאני נכתב אני נקרא נכתב אני ביו"ד ה"י ונקרא באל"ף דל"ת,ת"ר בראשונה שם בן שתים עשרה אותיות היו מוסרין אותו לכל אדם משרבו הפריצים היו מוסרים אותו לצנועים שבכהונה והצנועים שבכהונה מבליעים אותו בנעימת אחיהם הכהנים תניא אמר רבי טרפון פעם אחת עליתי אחר אחי אמי לדוכן והטיתי אזני אצל כהן גדול ושמעתי שהבליע שם בנעימת אחיו הכהנים,אמר רב יהודה אמר רב שם בן ארבעים ושתים אותיות אין מוסרין אותו אלא למי שצנוע ועניו ועומד בחצי ימיו ואינו כועס ואינו משתכר ואינו מעמיד על מדותיו וכל היודעו והזהיר בו והמשמרו בטהרה אהוב למעלה ונחמד למטה ואימתו מוטלת על הבריות ונוחל שני עולמים העולם הזה והעולם הבא,אמר שמואל משמיה דסבא בבל בחזקת כשרה עומדת עד שיודע לך במה נפסלה שאר ארצות בחזקת פסול הן עומדות עד שיודע לך במה נכשרה ארץ ישראל מוחזק לפסול פסול מוחזק לכשר כשר,הא גופא קשיא אמרת מוחזק לפסול פסול הא סתמא כשר והדר תני מוחזק לכשר כשר הא סתמא פסול אמר רב הונא בר תחליפא משמיה דרב לא קשיא | 71a. b purifies /b the b tribes, /b i.e., clarifies their lineage, He will b purify /b that of b the tribe of Levi first, as it is stated /b with regard to the angel sent forth by God: b “And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; and he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver; and there shall be they that shall offer to the Lord offerings in righteousness” /b (Malachi 3:3)., b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: Money purifies i mamzerim /i . /b Money causes rich i mamzerim /i to become assimilated with Jews of unflawed lineage, since other families marry them despite their flawed lineage. In the future, God will not single them out as i mamzerim /i , b as it is stated: “And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver,” /b which teaches that money, i.e., silver, purifies them. b What, /b then, is the connection to the next part of the verse: b “They that shall offer to the Lord offerings in righteousness”? Rabbi Yitzḥak says: The Holy One, Blessed be He, performed /b an act of b righteousness with the Jewish people /b by establishing b that a family that has become assimilated /b with Jews of unflawed lineage remains b assimilated. /b They are not removed from their tribe despite their flawed lineage.,§ With regard to b the /b matter b itself /b that was discussed earlier, the lineage of the Jews in various lands, b Rav Yehuda says /b that b Shmuel says: /b The lineage of residents of b all lands is muddled /b compared b to /b that of the residents of b Eretz Yisrael, and /b the lineage of residents of b Eretz Yisrael is muddled /b compared b to /b that of b Babylonia. /b The Gemara relates: b In the days of Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, b they sought to establish /b the lineage of the Jews in b Babylonia /b as b muddled /b relative b to /b that of b Eretz Yisrael. /b In other words, the people of Eretz Yisrael wanted their lineage to be considered superior to that of the residents of Babylonia, so that if people from Eretz Yisrael would wish to marry Babylonians, they would have to investigate the lineage of the Babylonians. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi was descended from Hillel, a Babylonian, so b he said to /b those who put forth this suggestion: b Are you placing thorns between my eyes? /b Do you wish to insult me? b If you wish, Rabbi Ḥanina bar Ḥama will join you /b and explain it to you., b Rabbi Ḥanina bar Ḥama joined them /b and b said to them: This /b is the tradition that b I received from Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, who says in the name of his father, /b who was from Eretz Yisrael: The lineage of residents of b all lands is muddled /b compared b to /b that of b Eretz Yisrael, and /b the lineage of residents of b Eretz Yisrael is muddled /b compared b to /b that of b Babylonia. /b ,The Gemara further relates with regard to the same issue: b In the days of Rabbi Pineḥas, they sought to establish /b the lineage of b Babylonia /b as b muddled /b relative b to /b that of b Eretz Yisrael. He said to his servants: When I have said two statements in the house of study, pick me up on a stretcher and run, /b so that I will not be attacked for my statements. b When he entered /b the house of study b he said to /b those studying there: b Slaughter of a bird is not /b obligatory b by Torah law. /b , b While they were sitting and scrutinizing this /b novel i halakha /i , b he said to them: /b The lineage of residents of b all lands is muddled /b compared b to /b that of b Eretz Yisrael, and /b the lineage of residents of b Eretz Yisrael is muddled /b compared b to /b that of b Babylonia. /b His servants b picked him up on a stretcher and ran. /b Those that were in the house of study b pursued him but could not catch him. /b Nevertheless, b they sat and examined /b the lineage of various families in order to determine whether in fact the lineage of the residents of Eretz Yisrael was problematic, b until they reached /b powerful families. It was b dangerous /b to accuse them of flaws due to their power, b and they withdrew /b from their inspections., b Rabbi Yoḥa says /b as an oath: By the b Sanctuary! It is in our power /b to reveal the identity of a family that has a flawed lineage, b but what can I do, as the greatest of the generation are assimilated into it? /b Consequently, I will not reveal its name. The Gemara comments: Rabbi Yoḥa b holds in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yitzḥak, as Rabbi Yitzḥak says: A family that has become assimilated /b remains b assimilated, /b and one should not reveal their flawed status., b Abaye said: We too learn /b in the mishna ( i Eduyyot /i 8:7): b There was a family /b known as b Beit HaTzerifa in Transjordan, and /b a person called b ben Tziyyon forcefully distanced it /b and proclaimed that its lineage was flawed, although its lineage was unflawed. b There was another /b one b that ben Tzion forcefully drew near, /b although its lineage was flawed. The mishna adds: Known families b such as these, Elijah comes to /b declare b impure and to /b declare b pure, to distance and to draw near. /b Abaye continues: When the mishna states: b Such as these, /b it means those b whose /b status b we know. But a family that has become assimilated, /b whose flawed lineage is unknown to the public, b has /b already b become assimilated, /b and not even Elijah will publicize its flaw.,The Sage b taught /b ( i Tosefta /i , i Eduyyot /i 3:4): b There was another /b family with flawed lineage, b but the Sages did not want to reveal its /b identity to all. b But the Sages transmit its /b name b to their children and to their students once every seven years, and some say twice every seven years, /b to prevent them from marrying into their family. b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak says: It stands to reason in accordance with the one who says /b that they transmit it b once every seven years, as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i ( i Tosefta /i , i Nazir /i 1:2): One who says: b I am hereby a nazirite if I do not reveal /b the names of b families /b of flawed lineage among the Jewish people, b he should be a nazirite and not reveal /b the identity of such b families. /b This shows that such information should be kept secret as much as possible.,§ The above statement, concerning a matter that the Sages transmitted privately and infrequently, leads the Gemara to teach a similar i halakha /i : b Rabba bar bar Ḥana says /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa says: The Sages transmit /b the correct pronunciation of b the four-letter name /b of God b to their students once every seven years, and some say twice every seven years. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak says: It stands to reason in accordance with the one who says /b that they transmit it b once every seven years, as it is written: “This is My name forever [ i le’olam /i ]” /b (Exodus 3:15), which is b written /b so that it can be read b i le’alem /i , /b to hide. This indicates that the Divine Name must remain hidden. The Gemara relates: b Rava planned to expound /b and explain the proper way to say the name b in /b a public b discourse. A certain elder said to him: It is written /b so that it can be read b i le’alem /i , /b indicating that it must stay hidden., b Rabbi Avina raised a contradiction: It is written: “This is My name,” /b indicating that the name as written is that of God; b and it is written: “This is My remembrance” /b (Exodus 3:15), which indicates that it is not God’s actual name but merely a way of remembering His name. The explanation is as follows: b The Holy One, Blessed be He, said: Not as I am written am I pronounced. I am written with /b the letters b i yod /i , i heh /i , /b i vav /i , i heh /i , b while /b My name is b pronounced with /b the letters b i alef /i , i dalet /i , /b i nun /i , i yod /i ., b The Sages taught: Initially, /b the Sages b would transmit the twelve-letter name /b of God b to any person. When the uninhibited ones /b who used the name disrespectfully b increased, they would transmit it /b only b to discreet /b members b of the priesthood, and the discreet /b members b of the priesthood /b would pronounce the name during the Priestly Benediction. They would b conceal it /b by saying it b during the sweet /b melody b of their priestly brothers, /b so that it would not become publicly known. b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Tarfon, /b who was himself a priest, b said: /b On b one occasion I ascended after my mother’s brother to the platform /b to give the Priestly Benediction, b and I inclined my ear near the High Priest, and I heard him conceal the name during the sweet /b melody b of his priestly brothers. /b , b Rav Yehuda says /b that b Rav says: The forty-two-letter name /b of God b may be transmitted only to one who is discreet, and humble, and stands at /b at least b half his life, and does not get angry, and does not get drunk, and does not insist upon his rights /b but is willing to yield. There is no concern that such a person might reveal the name in a fit of anger or drunkenness. b And anyone who knows /b this name b and is careful with it and guards it in purity is beloved above and treasured below; and fear of him is cast upon the creatures; and he inherits two worlds, this world and the World-to-Come. /b ,§ The Gemara returns to the issue of lineage: b Shmuel says in the name of /b a certain b elder: /b A family in b Babylonia has a presumptive status of unflawed /b lineage b until it becomes known to you in what way it was /b rendered of b flawed /b lineage. Conversely, a family from b other lands has a presumptive status of flawed /b lineage b until it becomes known to you in what way it was /b rendered b unflawed. /b As for families in b Eretz Yisrael, /b one who b has a presumptive status of flawed /b lineage is of b flawed /b lineage, whereas one who b has presumptive status of unflawed /b lineage is of b unflawed /b lineage.,The Gemara is puzzled by this last statement: b This matter itself is difficult: /b First, b you said /b that a family that b has a presumptive status of flawed /b lineage is of b flawed /b lineage, indicating that a family with b unspecified /b status is of b unflawed /b lineage. b And then /b you b teach: /b A family that b has a presumptive status of unflawed /b lineage is of b unflawed /b lineage, indicating that a family with b unspecified /b status is of b flawed /b lineage. b Rav Huna bar Taḥalifa said in the name of Rav: /b This is b not difficult. /b |
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43. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 72| 135b. ונתחדשה הלכה,איני והא איתמר יוצא דופן ומי שיש לו שתי ערלות רב הונא ורב חייא בר רב חד אמר מחללין עליו את השבת וחד אמר אין מחללין עד כאן לא פליגי אלא לחלל עליו את השבת אבל לשמנה ודאי מהלינן ליה הא בהא תליא,כתנאי יש יליד בית שנימול לאחד ויש יליד בית שנימול לשמנה יש מקנת כסף שנימול לאחד ויש מקנת כסף שנימול לשמנה,יש מקנת כסף שנימול לא' ויש מקנת כסף שנימול לשמונה כיצד לקח שפחה מעוברת ואח"כ ילדה זהו מקנת כסף הנימול לשמונה לקח שפחה וולדה עמה זו היא מקנת כסף שנימול לאחד,ויש יליד בית שנימול לשמנה כיצד לקח שפחה ונתעברה אצלו וילדה זהו יליד בית הנימול לשמנה רב חמא אומר ילדה ואח"כ הטבילה זהו יליד בית שנימול לאחד הטבילה ואחר כך ילדה זהו יליד בית הנימול לשמנה,ותנא קמא לא שני ליה בין הטבילה ואח"כ ילדה בין ילדה ואח"כ הטבילה דאע"ג דאין אמו טמאה לידה נימול לשמנה,(אמר רבא) בשלמא לר' חמא משכחת לה יליד בית נימול לא' יליד בית נימול לח' מקנת כסף נימול לא' ומקנת כסף נימול לח' ילדה ואח"כ הטבילה זהו יליד בית שנימול לאחד הטבילה ואח"כ ילדה זהו יליד בית שנימול לח',מקנת כסף נימול לשמנה כגון שלקח שפחה מעוברת והטבילה ואח"כ ילדה מקנת כסף נימול לאחד כגון שלקח זה שפחה וזה עוברה,אלא לת"ק בשלמא כולהו משכחת להו אלא יליד בית נימול לאחד היכי משכחת לה,א"ר ירמיה בלוקח שפחה לעוברה,הניחא למ"ר קנין פירות לאו כקנין הגוף דמי אלא למ"ד קנין פירות כקנין הגוף דמי מאי איכא למימר,אמר רב משרשיא בלוקח שפחה ע"מ שלא להטבילה,תניא ר"ש בן גמליאל אומר כל ששהה ל' יום באדם אינו נפל שנאמר (במדבר יח, טז) ופדויו מבן חדש תפדה שמנת ימים בבהמה אינו נפל שנאמר (ויקרא כב, כז) ומיום השמיני והלאה ירצה לקרבן וגו',הא לא שהה ספיקא הוי | 135b. b i halakha /i was introduced. /b No proof can be cited from the observance of mitzvot prior to the revelation at Sinai.,The Gemara asks: b Is that so? Wasn’t it stated /b that there is a dispute with regard to this i halakha /i ? As it was taught with regard to b a child born by caesarean section and one who has two foreskins, Rav Huna and Rav Ḥiyya bar Rav /b disputed their status. b One said: One desecrates Shabbat on his /b behalf and performs the circumcision; b and one said: One does not desecrate /b Shabbat on his behalf. b They only disagree with regard to /b whether or not it is permissible b to desecrate Shabbat on his /b behalf; b however, with regard to /b circumcising him b at eight /b days, in principle, b we certainly circumcise him, /b even though the birth of a child by caesarean section does not render his mother ritually impure due to childbirth. The Gemara answers: The two disputes b are interdependent. /b The one who holds that one desecrates Shabbat for this child’s circumcision also holds that one must circumcise him on the eighth day. The one who holds that one may not desecrate Shabbat for this child’s circumcision holds that one need not circumcise him on the eighth day.,The Gemara comments: The issue of Rabbi Asi’s statement that the obligation to circumcise after eight days depends upon whether or not his birth renders his mother ritually impure due to childbirth is b parallel to /b a b tannaitic /b dispute, as we learned: b There is a home-born child /b of a Canaanite maidservant born in a Jewish home, who has the legal status of a Canaanite slave and his Jewish owner is obligated to circumcise him, b who is circumcised at /b the age of b one /b day, i.e., immediately after birth; b and there is a home-born child circumcised at eight /b days. b And there is a /b slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction b who is circumcised at one /b day, b and there is /b a slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction b who is circumcised at eight /b days.,The i baraita /i explains: b There is a home-born child who is circumcised at one; and there is a home-born child circumcised at eight. How so? /b If a Jew b purchased a pregt maidservant and she then gave birth /b to a child while in his possession; b that is /b a slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction b who is circumcised at eight /b days, as the fetus was purchased along with the maidservant. If b he purchased a maidservant /b who had already given birth b and /b purchased b her child /b along b with her, /b he is obligated to circumcise the child as soon as the child enters his possession; b this is /b a slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction, b who is circumcised at one /b day., b And /b likewise, b there is a home-born child circumcised at eight /b days. b How so? /b If he b bought a maidservant and she became pregt in his possession and gave birth; that is a home-born child circumcised at eight /b days. b Rav Ḥama says /b there is a distinction: If the maidservant b gave birth and he subsequently /b had b her immerse /b for the purpose of becoming a maidservant, b that is a home-born child circumcised at one /b day. But if b he /b had b her immerse and she then gave birth; that is a home-born child circumcised at eight /b days., b And the first i tanna /i does not distinguish between whether he /b had b her immerse and she then gave birth, or whether she gave birth and he then /b had b her immerse. /b Apparently, b even though /b the child’s birth does b not /b render b his mother ritually impure /b due to b childbirth, /b as she is not obligated in mitzvot before immersing and she is not susceptible to ritual impurity of childbirth, b he is circumcised at eight /b days. The dispute between Rabbi Ḥama and the first i tanna /i revolves around the i halakha /i stated by Rabbi Asi.,With regard to the dispute between the i tanna’im /i , b Rava said: Granted, /b according b to /b the opinion of b Rabbi Ḥama, /b cases b can be found /b of b a home-born child circumcised at one /b day, a b home-born child circumcised at eight /b days, a slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction b circumcised at one /b day, b and /b a slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction b circumcised at eight /b days, in the following manner: If a maidservant b gave birth and he subsequently /b had b her immerse, that is /b the case of b a home-born child circumcised at one /b day. If b he /b had b her immerse and she then gave birth, that is /b the case of b a home-born child circumcised at eight /b days.,A slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction b is circumcised at eight /b days in a case b where /b a Jew b purchased a pregt maidservant /b and thereby paid for and purchased the fetus as well, b and /b then had b her immerse, and she then gave birth. /b A slave b purchased /b in a b money /b transaction b is circumcised at one /b day in a case b where that /b person b purchased a maidservant, and that /b person, i.e., someone else, bought b her fetus; /b since the owner of the fetus has no share in its mother, the child may be circumcised immediately after birth., b However, according to /b the opinion of the b first i tanna /i , granted /b that b all /b the cases b can be found; however, how /b can the case of b a home-born child circumcised at one /b day b be found? /b , b Rabbi Yirmeya said: /b It can be found b in /b the case of b one who purchases a maidservant for /b the purpose of purchasing rights to b her fetus /b without purchasing the maidservant herself.,The Gemara asks: This b works out well according to /b the opinion of b the one who said /b that b a transaction /b to purchase an item for its b product is not a transaction /b to purchase b the item itself, /b i.e., one who purchased a field for its fruit did not purchase the field itself. b However, according to /b the opinion of b the one who said /b that b a transaction /b to purchase an item for its b product is a transaction /b to purchase b the item itself, what can be said, /b as he does not distinguish between the purchase of the maidservant herself and the purchase of the children that she bears?, b Rav Mesharshiya said: /b According to this opinion, it must be explained as referring b to /b one who b purchases a maidservant on condition that he will not /b have b her immerse. /b They can stipulate that he will not have her immerse as a maidservant and that she will remain a gentile. In that case, the child is a slave born to a Jew, and the mitzva of circumcision is in effect immediately upon birth.,The Gemara cites a related i baraita /i where b it was taught /b that b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: With regard to people, any /b child b that remains /b alive b thirty days /b after birth b is no /b longer suspected of being a b stillborn, /b and is assumed to be a regular child who will go on living. Proof is cited from that which b is stated /b with regard to the laws of redemption and valuations: b “And their redemption, from a month old you shall redeem /b according to your valuation, five shekels of silver, according to the shekel of the Sanctuary; it is twenty i gera /i ” (Numbers 18:16), indicating that no value is ascribed to an infant less than a month old, as its viability is uncertain. Likewise, a newborn b animal /b that survives for b eight days is no /b longer suspected of being a b stillborn, /b as b it is stated: /b “When a bullock or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall be seven days under its mother; b and from the eighth day and onward it may be accepted for an offering /b made by fire to the Lord” (Leviticus 22:27).,The Gemara asks: Is that to say by inference: If the child b did not /b yet b remain /b alive for thirty days, b it is /b considered an b uncertainty /b whether or not it is a stillborn with regard to several i halakhot /i ? |
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44. Babylonian Talmud, Berachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fishbane (2003), Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking, 255| 59b. תנו רבנן הרואה חמה בתקופתה לבנה בגבורתה וכוכבים במסילותם ומזלות כסדרן אומר ברוך עושה בראשית ואימת הוי אמר אביי כל כ"ח שנין והדר מחזור ונפלה תקופת ניסן בשבתאי באורתא דתלת נגהי ארבע:,ר' יהודה אומר הרואה הים וכו': לפרקים עד כמה אמר רמי בר אבא א"ר יצחק עד שלשים יום,ואמר רמי בר אבא א"ר יצחק הרואה פרת אגשרא דבבל אומר ברוך עושה בראשית והאידנא דשניוה פרסאי מבי שבור ולעיל רב יוסף אמר מאיהי דקירא ולעיל ואמר רמי בר אבא הרואה דגלת אגשרא דשביסתנא אומר ברוך עושה בראשית,מאי (בראשית ב, יד) חדקל א"ר אשי שמימיו חדין וקלין מאי פרת שמימיו פרין ורבין,ואמר רבא האי דחריפי בני מחוזא משום דשתו מיא דדגלת האי דגיחורי משום דמשמשי ביממא והאי דניידי עינייהו משום דדיירו בבית אפל:,על הגשמים כו': ועל הגשמים הטוב והמטיב מברך והא"ר אבהו ואמרי לה במתניתא תנא מאימתי מברכין על הגשמים משיצא חתן לקראת כלה,מאי מברכין אמר רב יהודה מודים אנחנו לך על כל טפה וטפה שהורדת לנו ורבי יוחנן מסיים בה הכי אילו פינו מלא שירה כים וכו' אין אנו מספיקין להודות לך ה' אלהינו עד תשתחוה בא"י רוב ההודאות,רוב ההודאות ולא כל ההודאות אמר רבא אימא האל ההודאות א"ר פפא הלכך נימרינהו לתרוייהו רוב ההודאות והאל ההודאות,ואלא קשיא ל"ק הא דשמע משמע הא דחזא מחזי,דשמע משמע היינו בשורות טובות ותנן על בשורות טובות אומר ברוך הטוב והמטיב,אלא אידי ואידי דחזי מחזי ולא קשיא הא דאתא פורתא הא דאתא טובא ואב"א הא והא דאתא טובא ולא קשיא הא דאית ליה ארעא הא דלית ליה ארעא,אית ליה ארעא הטוב והמטיב מברך והא (תנן) בנה בית חדש וקנה כלים חדשים אומר ברוך שהחיינו והגיענו לזמן הזה שלו ושל אחרים אומר הטוב והמטיב,לא קשיא הא דאית ליה שותפות הא דלית ליה שותפות והתניא קצרו של דבר על שלו הוא אומר ברוך שהחיינו וקיימנו על שלו ועל של חבירו אומר ברוך הטוב והמטיב,וכל היכא דלית לאחרינא בהדיה לא מברך הטוב והמטיב והתניא אמרו ליה ילדה אשתו זכר אומר ברוך הטוב והמטיב התם נמי דאיכא אשתו בהדיה דניחא לה בזכר,ת"ש מת אביו והוא יורשו בתחלה אומר ברוך דיין האמת ולבסוף הוא אומר ברוך הטוב והמטיב התם נמי דאיכא אחי דקא ירתי בהדיה,ת"ש שינוי יין א"צ לברך שינוי מקום צריך לברך וא"ר יוסף בר אבא א"ר יוחנן אע"פ שאמרו שינוי יין א"צ לברך אבל אומר ברוך הטוב והמטיב התם נמי דאיכא בני חבורה דשתו בהדיה:,בנה בית חדש וקנה כלים חדשים וכו': א"ר הונא לא שנו אלא שאין לו כיוצא בהן אבל יש לו כיוצא בהן א"צ לברך ור' יוחנן אמר אפילו יש לו כיוצא בהן צריך לברך | 59b. b The Sages taught: One who sees the sun in /b the beginning of b its cycle, the moon in its might, the planets in their orbit, or the signs of the zodiac /b aligned b in their order recites: Blessed…Author of creation. /b The Gemara asks: b And when is it /b that the sun is at the beginning of its cycle? b Abaye said: Every twenty-eight years /b when the b cycle /b is complete and b returns /b to its genesis, b and the Nisan, /b vernal, b equinox, /b when the spring days and nights are of equal length, b falls within /b the constellation of b Saturn on the night of the third and eve of the fourth /b day of the week, as then their arrangement returns to be as it was when the constellations were first placed in the heavens.,We learned in the mishna that b Rabbi Yehuda said: One who sees the great sea /b intermittently b recites: /b Blessed…Who has made the great sea. The Gemara asks: b How much /b is b intermittently? Rami bar Abba said /b that b Rav Yitzḥak said: Thirty days. /b , b And Rami bar Abba said /b that b Rav Yitzḥak said: One who sees the Euphrates River near the bridge of Babylonia recites: Blessed…Author of creation. /b The Gemara adds: b And now that the Persians have rerouted /b the course of the river, one only recites the blessing b from Beit Shavor upriver. /b Downriver, it no longer flows as it did at creation, so there one does not recite the blessing: Author of creation. b Rav Yosef said: /b One only recites the blessing b from Ihi Dekira upriver. And Rami bar Abba said: One who sees the Tigris on the bridge of Shabistana recites: Blessed…Author of creation. /b ,The Gemara proceeds to explain the names of these rivers. b What is /b the source of the name b i Ḥidekel /i [ /b Tigris]? b Rav Ashi said: /b Its name is an acronym derived from the fact that b its waters are sharp [ i ḥadin /i ] and light [ i kalin /i ] /b and therefore good for drinking. b What is /b the source of the name b i Perat /i /b [Euphrates]? It is so named b because its waters are fruitful [ i parin /i ] and multiply [ i ravin /i ]; /b there are many fish in it.,As for the Tigris River, b Rava said: The inhabitants /b of the city b Meḥoza are sharp because they drink the water of the Tigris; they are red because they engage in /b conjugal b relations in the daytime; and their eyes move /b constantly b because they live in dark houses. /b ,We learned in our mishna that b over rain /b one recites the blessing: Blessed…Who is good and does good. The Gemara asks: b And over rain /b does b one /b really b recite the blessing: Who is good and does good? Didn’t Rabbi Abbahu say, and some say it was taught in a i baraita /i : From when does one recite the blessing on rain? From when the groom went out to meet the bride. /b In other words, there are puddles of water on the ground. The groom, meaning the raindrops from above, cause the bride, meaning the water below, to splash.,The Gemara asks: b What blessing does one recite? Rav Yehuda said: /b The formula of the blessing is: b We thank You for each and every drop that You have made fall for us. And Rav Yoḥa concludes /b the blessing b as follows: If our mouths were as full of song as the sea…we could not sufficiently praise You O Lord our God, /b and he continues with the formula of i nishmat /i that is recited on Shabbat morning, b until: Shall bow /b before You. b Blessed are You, O Lord, /b to Whom b abundant thanksgivings /b are offered.,The Gemara asks: Does the blessing say: b Abundant thanksgivings, and not: All thanksgivings? /b Certainly all thanksgivings are due to God. b Rava said: /b Emend the formula of the blessing and b say: The God of thanksgivings. Rav Pappa said: Therefore, we will recite them both: Abundant thanksgivings, and: The God of thanksgivings. /b , b However, it is /b still b difficult, /b as apparently the blessing for rain is not: Who is good and does good, as it appears in our mishna. The Gemara responds: This is b not difficult. This, /b which we learned in our mishna, that one recites: Who is good and does good, refers to a case b where one heard /b that rain fell. b This, /b where we learned that one recites: We thank You, etc., refers to a case b where one saw /b the rain fall.,The Gemara asks: b One heard /b that the rain fell; b that is /b a case of b good tidings. And we learned /b in the mishna b that upon /b hearing b good tidings one recites: Who is good and does good. /b Therefore, there is no reason for the mishna to mention rain separately., b Rather, /b the difficulty can be otherwise resolved: b This, /b Rabbi Abbahu’s statement, b and that, /b the mishna, both refer to a case where one saw the rain fall, b and /b this is b not difficult. This, /b Rabbi Abbahu’s statement that one recites We thank You, etc., b refers to /b a case b where a little /b rain b fell, /b while b that, /b the mishna which says that one recites: Who is good and does good, refers to a case b where a lot /b of rain b fell. And if you wish, say /b instead that b this and that /b refer to cases b where a lot /b of rain b fell, and /b this is b not difficult. This, /b the mishna, b refers to /b a case b where one owns land, /b while b that, /b Rabbi Abbahu’s statement that one recites: We thank You, etc., b refers to /b a case b where one does not own land, /b so the rain does not benefit him directly.,The Gemara asks: b One who owns land recites: Who is good and does good? Didn’t we learn /b in the mishna: b One who built a new house or purchased new vessels recites: Blessed…Who has given us life…and brought us to this time. /b However, if the land belonged b to him and others /b in partnership, b he recites: Who is good and does good? /b For rain falling onto land that one owns exclusively, he recites: Who has given us life and not: Who is good and does good.,The Gemara answers: This is b not difficult. This, /b the mishna where we learned that one recites: Who is good and does good, b refers to /b a case b where one /b owns his land b in partnership /b with another; b that, /b Rabbi Abbahu’s statement that one recites: Who has given us life, b refers to /b a case b where one /b owns the land exclusively and b does not have a partnership. And /b indeed, this i halakha /i b was taught /b in a i baraita /i : b The gist of the matter is, for /b that which b is /b exclusively b his, he recites: Blessed…Who has given us life and sustained us; for /b that which b belongs to him and to another /b in partnership, b he recites: Who is good and does good. /b ,The Gemara challenges this principle: b And in every case where others are not with him, one does not recite: Who is good and does good? Wasn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b If they told him that his wife gave birth to a male, he recites: Who is good and does good? /b The Gemara responds: b There too, his wife is with him, as she is also happy that a male /b child was born.,The Gemara challenges further: b Come and hear /b a contradiction from what was taught in a i baraita /i : One whose b father died and he is his heir, initially recites: Blessed…the true Judge, /b upon hearing of his father’s death, b and ultimately, /b upon receiving his inheritance, b he recites: Blessed…Who is good and does good. /b Despite the fact that the son alone benefits, he nevertheless recites: Who is good and does good. The Gemara responds: b There, too, /b it refers to a case b where he has brothers who inherit along with him. /b ,The Gemara cites an additional challenge: b Come and hear /b a contradiction based on what was taught in a i baraita /i : In the case of b a change in /b the type of b wine /b during a meal, b one need not recite the blessing: /b Who creates fruit of the vine, a second time. However, in the case of b a change in place, one must recite a /b second b blessing /b over the wine. b And Rabbi Yosef bar Abba said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: Although /b the Sages b said that /b in the case of b a change in /b the type of b wine one need not recite a /b second b blessing /b over the wine, b he does recite: Blessed…Who is good and does good. /b The Gemara responds: b There, too, /b it refers to a case where he is not alone, but where b members of the group are drinking with him. /b ,We learned in the mishna: One who b built a new house or purchased new vessels /b recites: Blessed…Who has given us life, sustained us and brought us to this time. With regard to this blessing, b Rav Huna said: They only taught /b that one recites: Who has given us life, upon purchasing a new vessel when b he does not /b already b have something similar, /b i.e., something he inherited. b However, if he /b already b has something similar he need not recite a blessing, /b as it is not new to him. b Rabbi Yoḥa said: Even /b if b one /b already b has something similar /b that he inherited, b he must recite a blessing /b because he never before purchased a vessel of that kind. |
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| 45. Anon., Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer, 29 Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 58 |
| 53. Anon., Hekhalot Rabbati, 100-302, 304-306, 81-99, 303 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 232, 265, 268 |
| 54. Anon., Tanhuma, None Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332 |
| 55. Anon., Tanchuma (Buber), None Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332 |
| 56. Papyri, Cpj, 128 Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Eckhardt (2011), Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals. 25 |
| 57. Anon., Sifre Zuta, None Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147 |
| 58. Anon., Pesiqta De Rav Kahana, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147 |
| 59. Anon., Hekhalot Zutarti, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 233, 266, 267, 268 |
| 60. Anon., Maase Merkava, 595 Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 331 |
61. Babylonian Talmud, Avodah Zarah, None Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon b sherira Found in books: Rowland (2009), The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament, 332| 17a. והנאך ועליו נתפסת אמר לו עקיבא הזכרתני פעם אחת הייתי מהלך בשוק העליון של ציפורי ומצאתי אחד ומתלמידי ישו הנוצרי ויעקב איש כפר סכניא שמו אמר לי כתוב בתורתכם (דברים כג, יט) לא תביא אתנן זונה [וגו'] מהו לעשות הימנו בהכ"ס לכ"ג ולא אמרתי לו כלום,אמר לי כך לימדני ישו הנוצרי (מיכה א, ז) כי מאתנן זונה קבצה ועד אתנן זונה ישובו ממקום הטנופת באו למקום הטנופת ילכו,והנאני הדבר על ידי זה נתפסתי למינות ועברתי על מה שכתוב בתורה (משלי ה, ח) הרחק מעליה דרכך זו מינות ואל תקרב אל פתח ביתה זו הרשות ואיכא דאמרי הרחק מעליה דרכך זו מינות והרשות ואל תקרב אל פתח ביתה זו זונה וכמה אמר רב חסדא ארבע אמות,ורבנן [האי] מאתנן זונה מאי דרשי ביה כדרב חסדא דאמר רב חסדא כל זונה שנשכרת לבסוף היא שוכרת שנאמר (יחזקאל טז, לד) ובתתך אתנן ואתנן לא נתן לך [ותהי להפך],ופליגא דרבי פדת דא"ר פדת לא אסרה תורה אלא קריבה של גלוי עריות בלבד שנא' (ויקרא יח, ו) איש איש אל כל שאר בשרו לא תקרבו לגלות ערוה,עולא כי הוה אתי מבי רב הוה מנשק להו לאחתיה אבי ידייהו ואמרי לה אבי חדייהו ופליגא דידיה אדידיה דאמר עולא קריבה בעלמא אסור משום לך לך אמרין נזירא סחור סחור לכרמא לא תקרב,(משלי ל, טו) לעלוקה שתי בנות הב הב מאי הב הב אמר מר עוקבא [קול] שתי בנות שצועקות מגיהנם ואומרות בעוה"ז הבא הבא ומאן נינהו מינות והרשות איכא דאמרי אמר רב חסדא אמר מר עוקבא קול גיהנם צועקת ואומרת הביאו לי שתי בנות שצועקות ואומרות בעולם הזה הבא הבא,(משלי ב, יט) כל באיה לא ישובון ולא ישיגו אורחות חיים וכי מאחר שלא שבו היכן ישיגו ה"ק ואם ישובו לא ישיגו אורחות חיים,למימרא דכל הפורש ממינות מיית והא ההיא דאתאי לקמיה דרב חסדא ואמרה ליה קלה שבקלות עשתה בנה הקטן מבנה הגדול ואמר לה רב חסדא טרחו לה בזוודתא ולא מתה,מדקאמרה קלה שבקלות עשתה מכלל דמינות [נמי] הויא בה ההוא דלא הדרא בה שפיר ומש"ה לא מתה,איכא דאמרי ממינות אין מעבירה לא והא ההיא דאתאי קמיה דרב חסדא וא"ל [ר"ח זוידו לה זוודתא] ומתה מדקאמרה קלה שבקלות מכלל דמינות נמי הויא בה,ומעבירה לא והתניא אמרו עליו על ר"א בן דורדיא שלא הניח זונה אחת בעולם שלא בא עליה פעם אחת שמע שיש זונה אחת בכרכי הים והיתה נוטלת כיס דינרין בשכרה נטל כיס דינרין והלך ועבר עליה שבעה נהרות בשעת הרגל דבר הפיחה אמרה כשם שהפיחה זו אינה חוזרת למקומה כך אלעזר בן דורדיא אין מקבלין אותו בתשובה,הלך וישב בין שני הרים וגבעות אמר הרים וגבעות בקשו עלי רחמים אמרו לו עד שאנו מבקשים עליך נבקש על עצמנו שנאמר (ישעיהו נד, י) כי ההרים ימושו והגבעות תמוטינה אמר שמים וארץ בקשו עלי רחמים אמרו עד שאנו מבקשים עליך נבקש על עצמנו שנאמר (ישעיהו נא, ו) כי שמים כעשן נמלחו והארץ כבגד תבלה,אמר חמה ולבנה בקשו עלי רחמים אמרו לו עד שאנו מבקשים עליך נבקש על עצמנו שנאמר (ישעיהו כד, כג) וחפרה הלבנה ובושה החמה אמר כוכבים ומזלות בקשו עלי רחמים אמרו לו עד שאנו מבקשים עליך נבקש על עצמנו שנאמר (ישעיהו לד, ד) ונמקו כל צבא השמים,אמר אין הדבר תלוי אלא בי הניח ראשו בין ברכיו וגעה בבכיה עד שיצתה נשמתו יצתה בת קול ואמרה ר"א בן דורדיא מזומן לחיי העולם הבא [והא הכא בעבירה הוה ומית] התם נמי כיון דאביק בה טובא כמינות דמיא,בכה רבי ואמר יש קונה עולמו בכמה שנים ויש קונה עולמו בשעה אחת ואמר רבי לא דיין לבעלי תשובה שמקבלין אותן אלא שקורין אותן רבי,ר' חנינא ור' יונתן הוו קאזלי באורחא מטו להנהו תרי שבילי חד פצי אפיתחא דעבודת כוכבים וחד פצי אפיתחא דבי זונות אמר ליה חד לחבריה ניזיל אפיתחא דעבודת כוכבים | 17a. b and you derived pleasure from it, and because of /b this b you were held responsible /b by Heaven. Rabbi Eliezer b said to him: Akiva, /b you are right, as b you have reminded me /b that b once I was walking in the upper marketplace of Tzippori, and I found a man /b who was one b of the students of Jesus the Nazarene, and his name was Ya’akov of Kefar Sekhanya. He said to me: It is written in your Torah: “You shall not bring the payment to a prostitute, /b or the price of a dog, into the house of the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 23:19). b What is /b the i halakha /i : Is it permitted b to make from /b the payment to a prostitute for services rendered b a bathroom for a High Priest /b in the Temple? b And I said nothing to him /b in response., b He said to me: Jesus the Nazarene taught me the following: /b It is permitted, as derived from the verse: b “For of the payment to a prostitute she has gathered them, and to the payment to a prostitute they shall return” /b (Micah 1:7). Since the coins b came from a place of filth, let them go to a place of filth /b and be used to build a bathroom., b And I derived pleasure from the statement, /b and b due to this, I was arrested for heresy /b by the authorities, because b I transgressed that which is written in the Torah: /b “Remove your way far from her, and do not come near the entrance of her house” (Proverbs 5:8). b “Remove your way far from her,” this /b is a reference to b heresy; “and do not come near the entrance of her house,” this /b is a reference to b the ruling authority. /b The Gemara notes: b And there are /b those b who say /b a different interpretation: b “Remove your way far from her,” this /b is a reference to b heresy and the ruling authority; “and do not come near the entrance of her house,” this /b is a reference to b a prostitute. And how much /b distance must one maintain from a prostitute? b Rav Ḥisda said: Four cubits. /b ,With regard to the derivation of the verse by Jesus the Nazarene, the Gemara asks: b And what do the Sages derive from this /b phrase: b “Payment to a prostitute”? /b The Gemara answers: They explain it b in accordance with /b the opinion b of Rav Ḥisda, as Rav Ḥisda says: Any prostitute who hires herself /b out to others for money will become so attached to this practice that b ultimately, /b when others no longer wish to hire her, b she /b will b hire /b others to engage in intercourse with her. b As it is stated: “And in that you gave payment, and no payment is given to you, therefore you are contrary” /b (Ezekiel 16:34).,The Gemara comments: b And /b Rav Ḥisda, who stated above that the Torah requires one to maintain a distance of four cubits from a prostitute, b disagrees with /b the opinion b of Rabbi Pedat. As Rabbi Pedat says: The Torah prohibited only intimacy that involves engaging in prohibited sexual relations, as it is stated: “None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness” /b (Leviticus 18:6). The prohibition against intimacy in the Torah applies exclusively to sexual intercourse, and all other kinds of intimacy that do not include actual intercourse are not included in the prohibition.,The Gemara relates: b When Ulla would come from the study hall, he would kiss his sisters on their hands. And some say: On their chests. And /b the Gemara points out that this action of b his disagrees with /b another ruling that Ulla b himself /b issued, b as Ulla says: Mere intimacy /b with a woman with whom one is prohibited from engaging in sexual intercourse is b prohibited, due to /b the maxim: b Go, go, we say to a nazirite, go around, go around /b but b do not come near to the vineyard. /b Just as a nazirite is warned not even to come into close proximity of a vineyard lest he consume a product of the vine, so too one is obligated to distance himself from anyone with whom intercourse is forbidden.,§ In connection to the earlier mention of heresy and the ruling authorities, the Gemara cites a verse: b “The horseleech has two daughters: Give, give” /b (Proverbs 30:15). b What /b is meant by b “give, give”? Mar Ukva says: /b This is the b voice /b of b the two daughters who cry /b out b from Gehenna /b due to their suffering; b and /b they are the ones who b say in this world: Give, give, /b demanding dues and complete allegiance. b And who are they? /b They are b heresy and the ruling authority. There are /b those b who say /b that b Rav Ḥisda says /b that b Mar Ukva says: The voice of Gehenna cries /b out b and says: Bring me two daughters who cry and say in this world: Give, give. /b ,The following verse in Proverbs makes reference to a foreign woman, which according to the Sages is a euphemism for heresy: b “None that go to her return, neither do they attain the paths of life” /b (Proverbs 2:19). The Gemara asks: b Since /b those that are drawn to heresy b do not return, /b from b where would they attain /b the path of life? Why is it necessary for the verse to add that they do not attain the paths of life? The Gemara explains that b this /b is what the verse b is saying: /b In general, those who go to her do not return, b and /b even b if they return, they do not attain the paths of life, /b i.e., the pain of their regret will shorten their lives.,The Gemara asks: Is this b to say that anyone who separates /b himself b from heresy /b and returns from his mistaken ways must b die? But /b what about b that /b woman b who came before Rav Ḥisda /b to confess to him, b and she said to him: The lightest of the light, /b i.e., the least of the sins that she committed, is that b she conceived her younger son from /b engaging in intercourse with b her older son. And Rav Ḥisda said to her: Prepare funeral shrouds for her, /b i.e., yourself, as you will certainly die soon, b but she did not die. /b ,The above incident refutes the claim that anyone who repents for the sin of heresy must die, as b from /b the fact b that she said /b that b the lightest of the light /b of her sins was that b she conceived /b one son from engaging in intercourse with another son, b by inference /b one can learn b that she was also involved in heresy, /b and yet she did not die. The Gemara answers: b That /b is a case b where /b the woman b did not repent properly, and due to that /b reason b she did not die. /b , b There are /b those b who say /b there is a different version of the objection to the Gemara’s statement that those who repent for the sin of heresy must die: Is that to say that if one repents b for /b the sin of b heresy, yes, /b the result is death, whereas if one repents b for /b the b sin /b of forbidden sexual intercourse he does b not /b die? b But /b what about b that /b woman b who came before Rav Ḥisda /b to confess to him b and Rav Ḥisda said to /b those present: b Prepare funeral shrouds for her, and she died? /b The Gemara answers: b From /b the fact b that she said: The lightest of the light, by inference /b one can learn b that she was also involved in heresy. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And /b is it correct that one who repents b of the sin /b of forbidden sexual intercourse does b not /b die? b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b They said about Rabbi Elazar ben Durdayya that /b he was so promiscuous that b he did not leave one prostitute in the world with whom he did not engage in sexual intercourse. Once, he heard that there was one prostitute in /b one of the b cities overseas who would take a purse /b full of b dinars as her payment. He took a purse /b full of b dinars and went and crossed seven rivers /b to reach b her. When /b they were engaged in the b matters /b to which they were b accustomed, /b a euphemism for intercourse, b she passed wind /b and b said: Just as this passed wind /b will b not return to its place, so too Elazar ben Durdayya will not be accepted in repentance, /b even if he were to try to repent.,This statement deeply shocked Elazar ben Durdayya, and b he went and sat between two mountains and hills /b and b said: Mountains and hills, pray for mercy on my /b behalf, so that my repentance will be accepted. b They said to him: Before we pray for mercy on your /b behalf, b we must pray for mercy on our own /b behalf, b as it is stated: “For the mountains may depart, and the hills be removed” /b (Isaiah 54:10). b He said: Heaven and earth, pray for mercy on my /b behalf. b They said /b to him: b Before we pray for mercy on your /b behalf, b we must pray for mercy on our own /b behalf, b as it is stated: “For the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment” /b (Isaiah 51:6)., b He said: Sun and moon, pray for mercy on my /b behalf. b They said to him: Before we pray for mercy on your /b behalf, b we must pray for mercy on our own /b behalf, b as it is stated: “Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed” /b (Isaiah 24:23). b He said: Stars and constellations, pray for mercy on my /b behalf. b They said to him: Before we pray for mercy on your /b behalf, b we must pray for mercy on our own /b behalf, b as it is stated: “And all the hosts of heaven shall molder away” /b (Isaiah 34:4).,Elazar ben Durdayya b said: /b Clearly b the matter depends on nothing other than myself. He placed his head between his knees and cried loudly until his soul left /b his body. b A Divine Voice emerged and said: Rabbi Elazar ben Durdayya is destined for life in the World-to-Come. /b The Gemara explains the difficulty presented by this story: b And here /b Elazar ben Durdayya b was /b guilty of b the sin /b of forbidden sexual intercourse, b and /b yet b he died /b once he repented. The Gemara answers: b There too, since he was attached so strongly /b to the sin, to an extent that transcended the physical temptation he felt, b it is similar to heresy, /b as it had become like a form of idol worship for him.,When b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi heard this story of Elazar ben Durdayya, b he wept and said: There is /b one who b acquires his /b share in the World-to-Come only b after many years /b of toil, b and there is /b one who b acquires his /b share in the World-to-Come b in one moment. And Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi further b says: Not only are penitents accepted, but they are even called: Rabbi, /b as the Divine Voice referred to Elazar ben Durdayya as Rabbi Elazar ben Durdayya.,§ In relation to the issue of distancing oneself from idol worship and prostitution, the Gemara relates: b Rabbi Ḥanina and Rabbi Yonatan were /b once b walking along the road /b when b they came to a certain two paths, one /b of which b branched off toward the entrance of /b a place of b idol worship, and /b the other b one branched off toward the entrance of a brothel. One said to the other: Let us go by /b the path that leads to b the entrance /b of the place b of idol worship, /b |
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| 62. Papyri, P.Murabba'T, 19-20 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Eckhardt (2011), Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals. 25 |
| 63. Anon., Yalqut Shimoni, None Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 147 |
| 64. Papyri, P.Yadin, 10 Tagged with subjects: •hai gaon Found in books: Eckhardt (2011), Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals. 25 |
