The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

graph

All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
grain	Ekroth (2013), The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period, 139 Gygax and Zuiderhoek (2021), Benefactors and the Polis: The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity, 50 Humphreys (2018), Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis, 589, 787 Huttner (2013), Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley, 20, 67, 227, 228, 229 Janowitz (2002b), Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity, 104 Lampe (2003), Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus, 10, 50, 62, 84, 243 Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 300, 379, 452, 527, 528, 748, 779, 829, 831, 974 Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 161, 245, 256, 342, 401, 402, 403, 404 Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 108, 180, 182, 184 Nasrallah (2019), Archaeology and the Letters of Paul, 123
grain as a means of exchange/standard of value	Heymans (2021), The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World, 198
grain athenian awareness of prices, of	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 119, 120
grain barley	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 401
grain collateral object of pledge, wheat foodstuffs	Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 137, 144, 145, 156, 157, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185
grain consumption, in greece	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 114, 116, 117
grain distribution of	Gygax and Zuiderhoek (2021), Benefactors and the Polis: The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity, 125, 235
grain distribution to citizens	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 432, 453
grain dole	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 38 Tacoma (2016), Models from the Past in Roman Culture: A World of Exempla, 35, 42, 77, 84, 85, 91, 154, 155, 156
grain favourable to citizens, prices, of	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 125, 126
grain from, lemnos	Papazarkadas (2011), Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens, 287
grain fund	Amendola (2022), The Demades Papyrus (P.Berol. inv. 13045): A New Text with Commentary, 176, 378, 379
grain harvest, new	Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 160
grain import, ephesos	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 404
grain imported from, pontus	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 123, 124
grain millet	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 401
grain oats	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 401
grain offerings	Balberg (2017), Blood for Thought: The Reinvention of Sacrifice in Early Rabbinic Literature, 98, 100, 101, 102, 118, 132
grain offerings, congregation, funding by, and	Balberg (2017), Blood for Thought: The Reinvention of Sacrifice in Early Rabbinic Literature, 132, 133
grain offerings, priestly code, p, on	Balberg (2017), Blood for Thought: The Reinvention of Sacrifice in Early Rabbinic Literature, 100
grain production in attica	Papazarkadas (2011), Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens, 108
grain production, attica	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 105, 106, 107, 108
grain production, in attica	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 105, 106, 107, 108
grain re-export trade, in	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 125, 126
grain shipments, isaeum campense, temple of isis, and	Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 186, 187, 188, 189
grain ships, xerxes, watching	Kowalzig (2007), Singing for the Gods: Performances of Myth and Ritual in Archaic and Classical Greece, 212, 213
grain shortage	Humphreys (2018), Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis, 847, 848 Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 403, 404, 405, 432
grain spelt, barley	Lampe (2003), Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus, 186, 188
grain stocks/storehouses/granaries, horrea	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 244, 295, 385, 401, 436
grain supply	Gygax (2016), Benefaction and Rewards in the Ancient Greek City: The Origins of Euergetism, 50, 186, 187, 192 Heymans (2021), The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World, 218 Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 106, 107, 108, 241, 252, 269, 270, 271, 275
grain supply nile, and, annona	Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 29, 30, 38, 100, 122, 126, 128, 131, 134, 171, 172, 184, 186, 187, 188, 231, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 244, 246, 247
grain supply, athenian	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 7, 125, 126
grain supply, athenian, citizens’ attitude	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 117, 118, 119, 120
grain supply, athenian, importance	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 125, 229
grain supply, civic	Gygax and Zuiderhoek (2021), Benefactors and the Polis: The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity, 203
grain supply, economy, early fifth-century, and	Kowalzig (2007), Singing for the Gods: Performances of Myth and Ritual in Archaic and Classical Greece, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219
grain supply, exchange, and athenian	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 229
grain supply, grain and	Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 258, 263
grain supply, hellespont, and athens’	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 125
grain supply, incentives, in managing	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 122, 123
grain supply, regulation, of athenian	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 121, 122
grain supply, roman	Nelsestuen (2015), Varro the Agronomist: Political Philosophy, Satire, and Agriculture in the Late Republic. 122, 123, 146, 147, 148, 154
grain tacitus, on the britons, on the import of	Isaac (2004), The invention of racism in classical antiquity, 361
grain trade	Tacoma (2016), Models from the Past in Roman Culture: A World of Exempla, 28, 43, 83, 263
grain trade with athens, bosporan kingdom	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 57, 58, 59, 123
grain trade, athenian, management of	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126
grain trade, athenian, re-export in	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 125, 126
grain trade, athenian, with black sea	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61
grain trade, black sea	Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 123, 124, 125
grain wheat	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 401
grain, spica spinther, publius lentulus	Radicke (2022), Roman Women’s Dress: Literary Sources, Terminology, and Historical Development, 448
grain/, agricultural goddess, demeter, as	Simon, Zeyl, and Shapiro, (2021), The Gods of the Greeks, 102, 103, 104, 110, 113
grains, of samuel, sand	Gera (2014), Judith, 148, 149, 209, 236
grain”, aḇiḇ, heb. “barley	Zawanowska and Wilk (2022), The Character of David in Judaism, Christianity and Islam: Warrior, Poet, Prophet and King, 142

List of validated texts:

10 validated results for "grain"

1. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 6.15 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Grain • grain offerings

Found in books: Balberg (2017), Blood for Thought: The Reinvention of Sacrifice in Early Rabbinic Literature, 98; Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 748, 829, 831

sup>
6.15 וְהַכֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ תַּחְתָּיו מִבָּנָיו יַעֲשֶׂה אֹתָהּ חָק־עוֹלָם לַיהוָה כָּלִיל תָּקְטָר׃'' None

sup>
6.15 And the anointed priest that shall be in his stead from among his sons shall offer it, it is a due for ever; it shall be wholly made to smoke unto the LORD.'' None

2. Herodotus, Histories, 2.178 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aiakos, hero of grain-supply • Xerxes, watching grain ships • economy, early fifth-century, and grain supply • grain, supply • grain-supply

Found in books: Heymans (2021), The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World, 218; Kowalzig (2007), Singing for the Gods: Performances of Myth and Ritual in Archaic and Classical Greece, 212

sup>
2.178 φιλέλλην δὲ γενόμενος ὁ Ἄμασις ἄλλα τε ἐς Ἑλλήνων μετεξετέρους ἀπεδέξατο, καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῖσι ἀπικνευμένοισι ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἔδωκε Ναύκρατιν πόλιν ἐνοικῆσαι· τοῖσι δὲ μὴ βουλομένοισι αὐτῶν οἰκέειν, αὐτοῦ δὲ ναυτιλλομένοισι ἔδωκε χώρους ἐνιδρύσασθαι βωμοὺς καὶ τεμένεα θεοῖσι. τὸ μέν νυν μέγιστον αὐτῶν τέμενος, καὶ ὀνομαστότατον ἐὸν καὶ χρησιμώτατον, καλεύμενον δὲ Ἑλλήνιον, αἵδε αἱ πόλιες εἰσὶ αἱ ἱδρυμέναι κοινῇ, Ἱώνων μὲν Χίος καὶ Τέως καὶ Φώκαια καὶ Κλαζομεναί, Δωριέων δὲ Ῥόδος καὶ Κνίδος καὶ Ἁλικαρνησσὸς καὶ Φάσηλις, Αἰολέων δὲ ἡ Μυτιληναίων μούνη. τουτέων μὲν ἐστὶ τοῦτο τὸ τέμενος, καὶ προστάτας τοῦ ἐμπορίου αὗται αἱ πόλιες εἰσὶ αἱ παρέχουσαι· ὅσαι δὲ ἄλλαι πόλιες μεταποιεῦνται, οὐδέν σφι μετεὸν μεταποιεῦνται. χωρὶς δὲ Αἰγινῆται ἐπὶ ἑωυτῶν ἱδρύσαντο τέμενος Διός, καὶ ἄλλο Σάμιοι Ἥρης καὶ Μιλήσιοι Ἀπόλλωνος.'' None

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2.178 Amasis became a philhellene, and besides other services which he did for some of the Greeks, he gave those who came to Egypt the city of Naucratis to live in; and to those who travelled to the country without wanting to settle there, he gave lands where they might set up altars and make holy places for their gods. ,of these the greatest and most famous and most visited precinct is that which is called the Hellenion, founded jointly by the Ionian cities of Chios, Teos, Phocaea, and Clazomenae, the Dorian cities of Rhodes, Cnidus, Halicarnassus, and Phaselis, and one Aeolian city, Mytilene . ,It is to these that the precinct belongs, and these are the cities that furnish overseers of the trading port; if any other cities advance claims, they claim what does not belong to them. The Aeginetans made a precinct of their own, sacred to Zeus; and so did the Samians for Hera and the Milesians for Apollo. '' None

3. Philo of Alexandria, Against Flaccus, 69 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Grain • Nile, and grain supply (annona)

Found in books: Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 779; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 38, 239

sup>
69 And if some of those who were employed in the collection of sticks were too slow, they took their own furniture, of which they had plundered them, to burn their persons, robbing them of their most costly articles, and burning with them things of the greatest use and value, which they used as fuel instead of ordinary timber. '' None

4. Suetonius, Claudius, 18.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • grain supply • grain trade

Found in books: Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 270; Tacoma (2016), Models from the Past in Roman Culture: A World of Exempla, 83, 263

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18.2 \xa0When there was a scarcity of grain because of long-continued droughts, he was once stopped in the middle of the Forum by a mob and so pelted with abuse and at the same time with pieces of bread, that he was barely able to make his escape to the Palace by a back door; and after this experience he resorted to every possible means to bring grain to Rome, even in the winter season. To the merchants he held out the certainty of profit by assuming the expense of any loss that they might suffer from storms, and offered to those who would build merchant ships large bounties, adapted to the condition of each:'' None

5. Tacitus, Annals, 2.59-2.61 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Nile, and grain supply (annona) • grain supply

Found in books: Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 29, 30; Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 106

sup>2.61 Ceterum Germanicus aliis quoque miraculis intendit animum, quorum praecipua fuere Memnonis saxea effigies, ubi radiis solis icta est, vocalem sonum reddens, disiectasque inter et vix pervias arenas instar montium eductae pyramides certamine et opibus regum, lacusque effossa humo, superfluentis Nili receptacula; atque alibi angustiae et profunda altitudo, nullis inquirentium spatiis penetrabilis. exim ventum Elephantinen ac Syenen, claustra olim Romani imperii, quod nunc rubrum ad mare patescit.' ' None

sup>2.60 \xa0Not yet aware, however, that his itinerary was disapproved, Germanicus sailed up the Nile, starting from the town of Canopus â\x80\x94 founded by the Spartans in memory of the helmsman so named, who was buried there in the days when Menelaus, homeward bound for Greece, was blown to a distant sea and the Libyan coast. From Canopus he visited the next of the river-mouths, which is sacred to Hercules (an Egyptian born, according to the local account, and the eldest of the name, the others of later date and equal virtue being adopted into the title); then, the vast remains of ancient Thebes. On piles of masonry Egyptian letters still remained, embracing the tale of old magnificence, and one of the senior priests, ordered to interpret his native tongue, related that "once the city contained seven hundred thousand men of military age, and with that army King Rhamses, after conquering Libya and Ethiopia, the Medes and the Persians, the Bactrian and the Scyth, and the lands where the Syrians and Armenians and neighbouring Cappadocians dwell, had ruled over all that lies between the Bithynian Sea on the one hand and the Lycian on the other." The tribute-lists of the subject nations were still legible: the weight of silver and gold, the number of weapons and horses, the temple-gifts of ivory and spices, together with the quantities of grain and other necessaries of life to be paid by the separate countries; revenues no less imposing than those which are now exacted by the might of Parthia or by Roman power. < ^2.61 \xa0But other marvels, too, arrested the attention of Germanicus: in especial, the stone colossus of Memnon, which emits a vocal sound when touched by the rays of the sun; the pyramids reared mountain high by the wealth of emulous kings among wind-swept and all but impassable sands; the excavated lake which receives the overflow of Nile; and, elsewhere, narrow gorges and deeps impervious to the plummet of the explorer. Then he proceeded to Elephantine and Syene, once the limits of the Roman Empire, which now stretches to the Persian Gulf. <' ' None

6. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Nile, and grain supply (annona) • grain dole

Found in books: Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 235, 239; Tacoma (2016), Models from the Past in Roman Culture: A World of Exempla, 154

7. Demosthenes, Orations, 50.6
Tagged with subjects: • Black Sea,, grain trade • Bosporan kingdom, grain trade with Athens • Pontus, grain imported from • grain • grain trade, Athenian, management of • incentives, in managing grain supply

Found in books: Humphreys (2018), Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis, 787; Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 123

sup>
50.6 When you heard all these tidings at that time in the assembly from both the speakers themselves and those who supported them; when furthermore the merchants and shipowners were about to sail out of the Pontus, and the Byzantines and Calchedonians Calchedon, a town across the Bosporus from Byzantium. and Cyzicenes were forcing their ships to put in to their ports because of the scarcity of grain in their own countries; seeing also that the price of grain was advancing in the Peiraeus, and that there was not very much to be bought, you voted that the trierarchs should launch their ships and bring them up to the pier, and that the members of the senate and the demarchs should make out lists of the demesmen and reports of available seamen, and that the armament should be despatched at once, and aid sent to the various regions. And this decree, proposed by Aristophon, was passed, as follows: The Decree '' None

8. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • grain supply • law, Grain-Tax

Found in books: Gygax (2016), Benefaction and Rewards in the Ancient Greek City: The Origins of Euergetism, 192; Papazarkadas (2011), Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens, 26

9. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Attica, grain production • Attica, grain production in • grain production, in Attica

Found in books: Papazarkadas (2011), Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens, 108; Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 107

10. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • grain, distribution of • grain, distribution to citizens

Found in books: Gygax and Zuiderhoek (2021), Benefactors and the Polis: The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity, 235; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 453

Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database