1. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 11.7 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • animals, fish, and birds • fish • fish, heart
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 364; Toloni (2022), The Story of Tobit: A Comparative Literary Analysis, 55
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11.7 וּלְכֹל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יֶחֱרַץ־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד־בְּהֵמָה לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן אֲשֶׁר יַפְלֶה יְהוָה בֵּין מִצְרַיִם וּבֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל׃'' None | sup>
11.7 But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog whet his tongue, against man or beast; that ye may know how that the LORD doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.'' None |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 1.11-1.12, 1.20-1.22, 1.24-1.26, 1.28, 1.30, 9.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • Fish, Devoured by the Giants • Leviathan, as a huge fish • animals, fish, and birds • fish • fish (daga)
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 465; Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 410, 415, 468; Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 31, 62; Schaaf (2019), Animal Kingdom of Heaven: Anthropozoological Aspects in the Late Antique World. 2, 113, 142; Sneed (2022), Taming the Beast: A Reception History of Behemoth and Leviathan, 167; Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 367
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1.11 וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים תַּדְשֵׁא הָאָרֶץ דֶּשֶׁא עֵשֶׂב מַזְרִיעַ זֶרַע עֵץ פְּרִי עֹשֶׂה פְּרִי לְמִינוֹ אֲשֶׁר זַרְעוֹ־בוֹ עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְהִי־כֵן׃ 1.12 וַתּוֹצֵא הָאָרֶץ דֶּשֶׁא עֵשֶׂב מַזְרִיעַ זֶרַע לְמִינֵהוּ וְעֵץ עֹשֶׂה־פְּרִי אֲשֶׁר זַרְעוֹ־בוֹ לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טוֹב׃' '1.21 וַיִּבְרָא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִם הַגְּדֹלִים וְאֵת כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת אֲשֶׁר שָׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם לְמִינֵהֶם וְאֵת כָּל־עוֹף כָּנָף לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טוֹב׃ 1.22 וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם אֱלֹהִים לֵאמֹר פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ וּמִלְאוּ אֶת־הַמַּיִם בַּיַּמִּים וְהָעוֹף יִרֶב בָּאָרֶץ׃
1.24 וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים תּוֹצֵא הָאָרֶץ נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה לְמִינָהּ בְּהֵמָה וָרֶמֶשׂ וְחַיְתוֹ־אֶרֶץ לְמִינָהּ וַיְהִי־כֵן׃ 1.25 וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ לְמִינָהּ וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָה לְמִינָהּ וְאֵת כָּל־רֶמֶשׂ הָאֲדָמָה לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טוֹב׃ 1.26 וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצַלְמֵנוּ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ וְיִרְדּוּ בִדְגַת הַיָּם וּבְעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבְכָל־הָאָרֶץ וּבְכָל־הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃
1.28 וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם אֱלֹהִים וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם אֱלֹהִים פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ וּמִלְאוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְכִבְשֻׁהָ וּרְדוּ בִּדְגַת הַיָּם וּבְעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבְכָל־חַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃
9.2 וַיָּחֶל נֹחַ אִישׁ הָאֲדָמָה וַיִּטַּע כָּרֶם׃
9.2 וּמוֹרַאֲכֶם וְחִתְּכֶם יִהְיֶה עַל כָּל־חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ וְעַל כָּל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמָיִם בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תִּרְמֹשׂ הָאֲדָמָה וּבְכָל־דְּגֵי הַיָּם בְּיֶדְכֶם נִתָּנוּ׃'' None | sup>
1.11 And God said: ‘Let the earth put forth grass, herb yielding seed, and fruit-tree bearing fruit after its kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth.’ And it was so. 1.12 And the earth brought forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after its kind; and God saw that it was good.
1.20 And God said: ‘Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let fowl fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.’ 1.21 And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living creature that creepeth, wherewith the waters swarmed, after its kind, and every winged fowl after its kind; and God saw that it was good. 1.22 And God blessed them, saying: ‘Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.’
1.24 And God said: ‘Let the earth bring forth the living creature after its kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind.’ And it was so. 1.25 And God made the beast of the earth after its kind, and the cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the ground after its kind; and God saw that it was good. 1.26 And God said: ‘Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.’
1.28 And God blessed them; and God said unto them: ‘Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that creepeth upon the earth.’
1.30 and to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is a living soul, I have given every green herb for food.’ And it was so.
9.2 And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every fowl of the air, and upon all wherewith the ground teemeth, and upon all the fishes of the sea: into your hand are they delivered.' ' None |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 11.9-11.12 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • Fish, Catfish • Fish, Nile Catfish • fish (daga)
Found in books: Altmann (2019), Banned Birds: the Birds of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14, 12, 61, 104; Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 31, 62
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11.9 אֶת־זֶה תֹּאכְלוּ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בַּמָּיִם כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת בַּמַּיִם בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים אֹתָם תֹּאכֵלוּ׃' '11.11 וְשֶׁקֶץ יִהְיוּ לָכֶם מִבְּשָׂרָם לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ וְאֶת־נִבְלָתָם תְּשַׁקֵּצוּ׃ 11.12 כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אֵין־לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת בַּמָּיִם שֶׁקֶץ הוּא לָכֶם׃'' None | sup>
11.9 These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat. 11.10 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are a detestable thing unto you, 11.11 and they shall be a detestable thing unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, and their carcasses ye shall have in detestation. 11.12 Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestable thing unto you.' ' None |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 27.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • animals, fish, and birds • fish
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 259; Toloni (2022), The Story of Tobit: A Comparative Literary Analysis, 49
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27.8 וְאֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל תְּדַבֵּר לֵאמֹר אִישׁ כִּי־יָמוּת וּבֵן אֵין לוֹ וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּם אֶת־נַחֲלָתוֹ לְבִתּוֹ׃'' None | sup>
27.8 And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying: If a man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughter.'' None |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 147.5 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • animals, fish, and birds
Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 465; Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 463
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147.5 גָּדוֹל אֲדוֹנֵינוּ וְרַב־כֹּחַ לִתְבוּנָתוֹ אֵין מִסְפָּר׃'' None | sup>
147.5 Great is our Lord, and mighty in power; His understanding is infinite.'' None |
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6. None, None, nan (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fishing, fishermen • violence, of fish
Found in books: Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 146; Kneebone (2020), Orthodoxy and the Courts in Late Antiquity, 218, 219, 222
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7. None, None, nan (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fishing, fishermen • fish
Found in books: Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 146; Toloni (2022), The Story of Tobit: A Comparative Literary Analysis, 49
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8. Anon., 1 Enoch, 7.5 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • Fish, Devoured by the Giants
Found in books: Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 234; Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 367
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7.5 them and devoured mankind. And they began to sin against birds, and beasts, and reptiles, and'' None |
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9. Anon., Sibylline Oracles, 8.217 (1st cent. BCE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish
Found in books: Bull, Lied and Turner (2011), Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices: Studies for Einar Thomassen at Sixty, 329; Lampe (2003), Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus, 29
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8.217 Thrice blessed was, even four times happy man.'' None |
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10. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 11.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • fish
Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 398; Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 774
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11.22 μὴ γὰρ οἰκίας οὐκ ἔχετε εἰς τὸ ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν; ἢ τῆς ἐκκλησίας τοῦ θεοῦ καταφρονεῖτε, καὶ καταισχύνετε τοὺς μὴ ἔχοντας; τί εἴπω ὑμῖν; ἐπαινέσω ὑμᾶς; ἐν τούτῳ οὐκ ἐπαινῶ.'' None | sup>
11.22 What, don't you have houses to eat and to drink in?Or do you despise God's assembly, and put them to shame who don't have?What shall I tell you? Shall I praise you? In this I don't praise you."" None |
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11. New Testament, John, 1.14, 21.9-21.11 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • eucharistia/eucharist, with fish • fish
Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 399, 401; Bull, Lied and Turner (2011), Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices: Studies for Einar Thomassen at Sixty, 331, 336, 344; McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 127, 128, 132
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1.14 Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας·?̔
21.9 Ὡς οὖν ἀπέβησαν εἰς τὴν γῆν βλέπουσιν ἀνθρακιὰν κειμένην καὶ ὀψάριον ἐπικείμενον καὶ ἄρτον. 21.10 λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς Ἐνέγκατε ἀπὸ τῶν ὀψαρίων ὧν ἐπιάσατε νῦν. 21.11 ἀνέβη οὖν Σίμων Πέτρος καὶ εἵλκυσεν τὸ δίκτυον εἰς τὴν γῆν μεστὸν ἰχθύων μεγάλων ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα τριῶν· καὶ τοσούτων ὄντων οὐκ ἐσχίσθη τὸ δίκτυον.' ' None | sup>
1.14 The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth.
21.9 So when they got out on the land, they saw a fire of coals there, and fish laid on it, and bread. 21.10 Jesus said to them, "Bring some of the fish which you have just caught."' "21.11 Simon Peter went up, and drew the net to land, full of great fish, one hundred fifty-three; and even though there were so many, the net wasn't torn. " ' None |
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12. New Testament, Mark, 6.41, 8.1-8.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • eucharistia/eucharist, with fish • fish
Found in books: Bull, Lied and Turner (2011), Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices: Studies for Einar Thomassen at Sixty, 331, 344; Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 1043; McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 127, 129, 132
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6.41 καὶ λαβὼν τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εὐλόγησεν καὶ κατέκλασεν τοὺς ἄρτους καὶ ἐδίδου τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἵνα παρατιθῶσιν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας ἐμέρισεν πᾶσιν.
8.1 Ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις πάλιν πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος καὶ μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσιν, προσκαλεσάμενος τοὺς μαθητὰς λέγει αὐτοῖς 8.2 Σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ τὸν ὄχλον ὅτι ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τί φάγωσιν· 8.3 καὶ ἐὰν ἀπολύσω αὐτοὺς νήστεις εἰς οἶκον αὐτῶν, ἐκλυθήσονται ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ· καί τινες αὐτῶν ἀπὸ μακρόθεν εἰσίν. 8.4 καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι Πόθεν τούτους δυνήσεταί τις ὧδε χορτάσαι ἄρτων ἐπʼ ἐρημίας; 8.5 καὶ ἠρώτα αὐτούς Πόσους ἔχετε ἄρτους; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν Ἑπτά. 8.6 καὶ παραγγέλλει τῷ ὄχλῳ ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· καὶ λαβὼν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἐδίδου τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ἵνα παρατιθῶσιν καὶ παρέθηκαν τῷ ὄχλῳ. 8.7 καὶ εἶχαν ἰχθύδια ὀλίγα· καὶ εὐλογήσας αὐτὰ εἶπεν καὶ ταῦτα παρατιθέναι. 8.8 καὶ ἔφαγον καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν, καὶ ἦραν περισσεύματα κλασμάτων ἑπτὰ σφυρίδας. 8.9 ἦσαν δὲ ὡς τετρακισχίλιοι. καὶ ἀπέλυσεν αὐτούς.'' None | sup>
6.41 He took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he blessed and broke the loaves, and he gave to his disciples to set before them, and he divided the two fish among them all.
8.1 In those days, when there was a very great multitude, and they had nothing to eat, Jesus called his disciples to himself, and said to them, 8.2 "I have compassion on the multitude, because they have stayed with me now three days, and have nothing to eat. 8.3 If I send them away fasting to their home, they will faint on the way, for some of them have come a long way." 8.4 His disciples answered him, "From where could one satisfy these people with bread here in a deserted place?" 8.5 He asked them, "How many loaves do you have?"They said, "Seven." 8.6 He commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground, and he took the seven loaves. Having given thanks, he broke them, and gave them to his disciples to serve, and they served the multitude. 8.7 They had a few small fish. Having blessed them, he said to serve these also. 8.8 They ate, and were filled. They took up seven baskets of broken pieces that were left over. 8.9 Those who had eaten were about four thousand. Then he sent them away. '' None |
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13. New Testament, Matthew, 7.9-7.10, 14.13-14.21, 15.32-15.39 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • fish
Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 398, 399; Bull, Lied and Turner (2011), Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices: Studies for Einar Thomassen at Sixty, 331, 344; Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly, (2022), The Lord’s Prayer, 133; Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 774, 1043
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7.9 ἢ τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον—μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ; 7.10 ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει—μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ;
14.13 Ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν ἐκεῖθεν ἐν πλοίῳ εἰς ἔρημον τόπον κατʼ ἰδίαν· καὶ ἀκούσαντες οἱ ὄχλοι ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ πεζῇ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων. 14.14 Καὶ ἐξελθὼν εἶδεν πολὺν ὄχλον, καὶ ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν τοὺς ἀρρώστους αὐτῶν. 14.15 Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης προσῆλθαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ λέγοντες Ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος καὶ ἡ ὥρα ἤδη παρῆλθεν· ἀπόλυσον τοὺς ὄχλους, ἵνα ἀπελθόντες εἰς τὰς κώμας ἀγοράσωσιν ἑαυτοῖς βρώματα. 14.16 ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν ἀπελθεῖν· δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν. 14.17 οἱ δὲ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ Οὐκ ἔχομεν ὧδε εἰ μὴ πέντε ἄρτους καὶ δύο ἰχθύας. 14.18 ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Φέρετέ μοι ὧδε αὐτούς. 14.19 καὶ κελεύσας τοὺς ὄχλους ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπὶ τοῦ χόρτου, λαβὼν τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας, ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εὐλόγησεν καὶ κλάσας ἔδωκεν τοῖς μαθηταῖς τοὺς ἄρτους οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις. 14.20 καὶ ἔφαγον πάντες καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν, καὶ ἦραν τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων δώδεκα κοφίνους πλήρεις. 14.21 οἱ δὲ ἐσθίοντες ἦσαν ἄνδρες ὡσεὶ πεντακισχίλιοι χωρὶς γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων.
15.32 Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς προσκαλεσάμενος τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ εἶπεν Σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ τὸν ὄχλον, ὅτι ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τί φάγωσιν· καὶ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτοὺς νήστεις οὐ θέλω, μή ποτε ἐκλυθῶσιν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ. 15.33 καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταί Πόθεν ἡμῖν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι ὥστε χορτάσαι ὄχλον τοσοῦτον; 15.34 καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς Πόσους ἄρτους ἔχετε; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν Ἑπτά, καὶ ὀλίγα ἰχθύδια. 15.35 καὶ παραγγείλας τῷ ὄχλῳ ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 15.36 ἔλαβεν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς ἰχθύας καὶ εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἐδίδου τοῖς μαθηταῖς οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις. 15.37 καὶ ἔφαγον πάντες καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν, καὶ τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων ἦραν ἑπτὰ σφυρίδας πλήρεις. 15.38 οἱ δὲ ἐσθίοντες ἦσαν τετρακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες χωρὶς γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων. 15.39 Καὶ ἀπολύσας τοὺς ὄχλους ἐνέβη εἰς τὸ πλοῖον, καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ ὅρια Μαγαδάν.'' None | sup>
7.9 Or who is there among you, who, if his son asks him for bread, will give him a stone? 7.10 Or if he asks for a fish, who will give him a serpent?
14.13 Now when Jesus heard this, he withdrew from there in a boat, to a deserted place apart. When the multitudes heard it, they followed him on foot from the cities. 14.14 Jesus went out, and he saw a great multitude. He had compassion on them, and healed their sick. 14.15 When evening had come, his disciples came to him, saying, "This place is deserted, and the hour is already late. Send the multitudes away, that they may go into the villages, and buy themselves food." 14.16 But Jesus said to them, "They don\'t need to go away. You give them something to eat." 14.17 They told him, "We only have here five loaves and two fish." 14.18 He said, "Bring them here to me." 14.19 He commanded the multitudes to sit down on the grass; and he took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he blessed, broke and gave the loaves to the disciples, and the disciples gave to the multitudes. 14.20 They all ate, and were filled. They took up twelve baskets full of that which remained left over from the broken pieces. 14.21 Those who ate were about five thousand men, besides women and children.
15.32 Jesus summoned his disciples and said, "I have compassion on the multitude, because they continue with me now three days and have nothing to eat. I don\'t want to send them away fasting, or they might faint on the way." 15.33 The disciples said to him, "Where should we get so many loaves in a deserted place as to satisfy so great a multitude?" 15.34 Jesus said to them, "How many loaves do you have?"They said, "Seven, and a few small fish." 15.35 He commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground; 15.36 and he took the seven loaves and the fish. He gave thanks and broke them, and gave to the disciples, and the disciples to the multitudes. 15.37 They all ate, and were filled. They took up seven baskets full of the broken pieces that were left over. 15.38 Those who ate were four thousand men, besides women and children. 15.39 Then he sent away the multitudes, got into the boat, and came into the borders of Magdala. '' None |
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14. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • fish sauces, garum, liquamen, muria • garum, fish sauce • liquamen, fish sauce
Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 685; Romana Berno (2023), Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History, 74, 75
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15. Lucian, The Syrian Goddess, 45 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • fish • fish, bejeweled • fish, sacred • fish, that respond to human sounds
Found in books: Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 75; Rojas(2019), The Remains of the Past and the Invention of Archaeology in Roman Anatolia: Interpreters, Traces, Horizons, 109
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45 There is too a lake in the same place, not far from the temple in which many sacred fishes of different kinds are reared. Some of these grow to a great size; they are called by names, and approach when called. I saw one of these ornamented with gold, and on its back fin a golden design was dedicated to the temple. I have often seen this fish, and he certainly carried this design.'' None |
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16. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 2.17, 5.6. (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • fishing
Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 44; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 44
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2.17 To Gallus. You are surprised, you say, at my infatuation for my Laurentine estate, or Laurentian if you prefer it so. * You will cease to wonder when you are told the charms of the villa, the handiness of its site, and the stretch of shore it commands. It is seventeen miles distant from Rome, so that after getting through all your business, and without loss or curtailment of your working hours, you can go and stay there. It can be reached by more than one route, for the roads to Laurentum and Ostia both lead in the same direction, but you must branch off on the former at the eleventh, and on the latter at the fourteenth milestone. From both of these points onward the road is for the most part rather sandy, which makes it a tedious and lengthy journey if you drive, but if you ride it is easy going and quickly covered. The scenery on either hand is full of variety. At places the path is a narrow one with woods running down to it on both sides, at other points it passes through spreading meadows and is wide and open. You will see abundant flocks of sheep and many herds of cattle and horses, which are driven down from the high ground in the winter and grow sleek in a pasturage and a temperature like those of spring. The villa is large enough for all requirements, and is not expensive to keep in repair. At its entrance there is a modest but by no means mean-looking hall; then come the cloisters, which are rounded into the likeness of the letter D, and these enclose a smallish but handsome courtyard. They make a fine place of refuge in a storm, for they are protected by glazed windows and deep overhanging eaves. Facing the middle of the cloisters is a cheerful inner court, then comes a dining-room running down towards the shore, which is handsome enough for any one, and when the sea is disturbed by the south-west wind the room is just flecked by the spray of the spent waves. There are folding doors on all sides of it, or windows that are quite as large as such doors, and so from the two sides and the front it commands a prospect as it were of three seas, while at the back one can see through the inner court, the cloisters, the courtyard, then more cloisters and the hall, and through them the woods and the distant hills. A little farther back, on the left-hand side, is a spacious chamber; then a smaller one which admits the rising sun by one window and by another enjoys his last lingering rays as he sets, and this room also commands a view of the sea that lies beneath it, at a longer but more secure distance. An angle is formed by this chamber and the dining-room, which catches and concentrates the purest rays of the sun. This forms the winter apartments and exercise ground for my household. No wind penetrates thither except those which bring up rain-clouds and only prevent the place being used when they take away the fine weather. Adjoining this angle is a chamber with one wall rounded like a bay, which catches the sun on all its windows as he moves through the heavens. In the wall of this room I have had shelves placed like a library, which contains the volumes which I not only read, but read over and over again. Next to it is a sleeping chamber, through a passage supported by pillars and fitted with pipes which catch the hot air and circulate it from place to place, keeping the rooms at a healthy temperature. The remaining part of this side of the villa is appropriated to the use of my slaves and freedmen, most of the rooms being sufficiently well furnished for the reception of guests. On the other side of the building there is a nicely decorated chamber, then another room which would serve either as a large bed-chamber or a moderate sized dining-room, as it enjoys plenty of sunshine and an extensive sea-view. Behind this is an apartment with an ante-room, suitable for summer use because of its height, and for winter use owing to it sheltered position, for it is out of reach of all winds. Another room with an ante-room is joined to this by a common wall. Next to it is the cold bath room, a spacious and wide chamber, with two curved swimming baths thrown out as it were from opposite sides of the room and facing one another. They hold plenty of water if you consider how close the sea is. ** Adjoining this room is the anointing room, then the sweating room, and then the heating room, from which you pass to two chambers of graceful rather than sumptuous proportions. Attached to these is a warm swimming bath which everybody admires, and from it those who are taking a swim can command a view of the sea. Close by is the ball court, which receives the warmest rays of the afternoon sun; on one side a tower has been built with two sitting rooms on the ground floor, two more on the first floor, and above them a dining-room commanding a wide expanse of sea, a long stretch of shore, and the pleasantest villas of the neighbourhood. There is also a second tower, containing a bedroom which gets the sun morning and evening, and a spacious wine cellar and store-room at the back of it. On the floor beneath is a sitting-room where, even when the sea is stormy, you hear the roar and thunder only in subdued and dying murmurs. It looks out upon the exercise ground, which runs round the garden. This exercise ground has a border of boxwood, or rosemary where the box does not grow well - for box thrives admirably when it is sheltered by buildings, but where it is fully exposed to wind and weather and to the spray of the sea, though it stands at a great distance therefrom, it is apt to shrivel. On the inside ring of the exercise ground is a pretty and shady alley of vines, which is soft and yielding even to the bare foot. The garden itself is clad with a number of mulberry and fig-trees, the soil being especially suitable for the former trees, though it is not so kindly to the others. On this side, the dining-room away from the sea commands as fine a view as that of the sea itself. It is closed in behind by two day-rooms, from the windows of which can be seen the entrance to the villa from the road and another garden as rich as the first one but not so ornamental. Along its side stretches a covered portico, almost long enough for a public building. It has windows on both sides, most of them facing the sea; those looking on the garden are single ones, and less numerous than those on the other side, as every alternate window was left out. All these are kept open when it is a fine day and there is no wind; when the wind is high, the windows only on the sheltered side are opened and no harm is done. † In front of the portico is a terrace walk that is fragrant with violets. The portico increases the warmth of the sun by radiation, and retains the heat just as it keeps off and breaks the force of the north wind. Hence it is as warm in front as it is cool behind. In the same way it checks the south-west winds, and similarly with all winds from whatever quarter they blow - it tempers them and stops them dead. This is its charm in winter, but in summer it is even greater, for in the mornings its shade tempers the heat of the terrace walk, and in the afternoon the heat of the exercise ground and the nearest part of the garden, the shadows falling longer and shorter on the two sides respectively as the sun rises to his meridian and sinks to his setting. Indeed, the portico has least sunshine when the sun is blazing down upon its roof. Consequently it receives the west winds through its open windows and circulates them through the building, and so never becomes oppressive through the stuffy air remaining within it. At the head of the terrace and portico successively is a garden suite of rooms, my favourite spot and well worthy of being so. I had them built myself. In this is a sunny chamber which commands the terrace on one side, the sea on another, and the sun on both; besides an apartment which looks on the portico through folding doors and on the sea through a window. In the middle of the wall is a neat recess, which by means of glazed windows and curtains can either be thrown into the adjoining room or be cut off from it. It holds a couch and two easy-chairs, and as you lie on the couch you have the sea at your feet, the villa at your back, and the woods at your head, and all these views may be looked at separately from each window or blended into one prospect. Adjoining is a chamber for passing the night in or taking a nap, and unless the windows are open, you do not hear a sound either of your slaves talking, or the murmur of the sea, or the raging of the storms; nor do you see the flashes of the lightning or know that it is day. This deep seclusion and remoteness is due to the fact that an intervening passage separates the wall of the chamber from that of the garden, and so all the sound is dissipated in the empty space between. A very small heating apparatus has been fitted to the room, which, by means of a narrow trap-door, either diffuses or retains the hot air as may be required. Adjoining it is an ante-room and a chamber projected towards the sun, which the latter room catches immediately upon his rising, and retains his rays beyond mid-day though they fall aslant upon it. When I betake myself into this sitting-room, I seem to be quite away even from my villa, and I find it delightful to sit there, especially during the Saturnalia, when all the rest of the house rings with the merriment and shouts of the festival-makers; for then I do not interfere with their amusements, and they do not distract me from my studies. The convenience and charm of the situation of my villa have one drawback in that it contains no running water, but I draw my supply from wells or rather fountains, for they are situated at a high level. Indeed, it is one of the curious characteristics of the shore here that wherever you dig you find moisture ready to hand, and the water is quite fresh and not even brackish in the slightest degree, though the sea is so close by. The neighbouring woods furnish us with abundance of fuel, and other supplies we get from the colony of Ostia. The village, which is separated only by one residence from my own, supplies my modest wants; it boasts of three public baths, which are a great convenience, when you do not feel inclined to heat your own bath at home, if you arrive unexpectedly or wish to save time. The shore is beautified by a most pleasing variety of villa buildings, some of which are close together, while others have great intervals between them. They give the appearance of a number of cities, whether you view them from the sea or from the shore itself, and the sands of the latter are sometimes loosened by a long spell of quiet weather, or - as more often happens - are hardened by the constant beating of the waves. The sea does not indeed abound with fish of any value, but it yields excellent soles and prawns. Yet our villa provides us with plenty of inland produce and especially milk, for the herds come down to us from the pastures whenever they seek water or shade. Well, do you think that I have just reasons for living here, for passing my time here, and for loving a retreat for which your mouth must be watering, unless you are a confirmed town-bird? I wish that your mouth did water! If it did, the many great charms of my little villa would be enhanced in the highest degree by your company. Farewell. ' "
5.6. To Domitius Apollinaris. I was charmed with the kind consideration which led you, when you heard that I was about to visit my Tuscan villa in the summer, to advise me not to do so during the season when you consider the district unhealthy. Undoubtedly, the region along the Tuscan coast is trying and dangerous to the health, but my property lies well back from the sea; indeed, it is just under the Apennines, which are the healthiest of our mountain ranges. However, that you may not have the slightest anxiety on my account, let me tell you all about the climatic conditions, the lie of the land, and the charms of my villa. It will be as pleasant reading for you as it is pleasant writing for me. In winter the air is cold and frosty The contour of the district is most beautiful. Picture to yourself an immense amphitheatre, such as only Nature can create, with a wide-spreading plain ringed with hills, and the summits of the hills themselves covered with tall and ancient forests. There is plentiful and varied hunting to be had. Down the mountain slopes there are stretches of timber woods, and among these are rich, deep-soiled hillocks - where if you look for a stone you will have hard work to find one - which are just as fertile as the most level plains, and ripen just as rich harvests, though later in the season. Below these, along the whole hillsides, stretch the vineyards which present an unbroken line far and wide, on the borders and lowest level of which comes a fringe of trees. Then you reach the meadows and the fields - fields which only the most powerful oxen and the stoutest ploughs can turn. The soil is so tough and composed of such thick clods that when it is first broken up it has to be furrowed nine times before it is subdued. The meadows are jewelled with flowers, and produce trefoil and other herbs, always tender and soft, and looking as though they were always fresh. For all parts are well nourished by never-failing streams, and even where there is most water there are no swamps, for the slope of the land drains off into the Tiber all the moisture that it receives and cannot itself absorb. The Tiber runs through the middle of the plain; it is navigable for ships, and all the grain is carried downstream to the city, at least in winter and spring. In summer the volume of water dwindles away, leaving but the name of a great river to the dried-up bed, but in the autumn it recovers its flood. You would be delighted if you could obtain a view of the district from the mountain height, for you would think you were looking not so much at earth and fields as at a beautiful landscape picture of wonderful loveliness. Such is the variety, such the arrangement of the scene, that wherever the eyes fall they are sure to be refreshed. My villa, though it lies at the foot of the hill, enjoys as fine a prospect as though it stood on the summit; the ascent is so gentle and easy, and the gradient so unnoticeable, that you find yourself at the top without feeling that you are ascending. The Apennines lie behind it, but at a considerable distance, and even on a cloudless and still day it gets a breeze from this range, never boisterous and rough, for its strength is broken and lost in the distance it has to travel. Most of the house faces south; in summer it gets the sun from the sixth hour, and in winter considerably earlier, inviting it as it were into the portico, which is broad and long to correspond, and contains a number of apartments and an old-fashioned hall. In front, there is a terrace laid out in different patterns and bounded with an edging of box; then comes a sloping ridge with figures of animals on both sides cut out of the box-trees, while on the level ground stands an acanthus-tree, with leaves so soft that I might almost call them liquid. Round this is a walk bordered by evergreens pressed and trimmed into various shapes; then comes an exercise ground, round like a circus, which surrounds the box-trees that are cut into different forms, and the dwarf shrubs that are kept clipped. Everything is protected by an enclosure, which is hidden and withdrawn from sight by the tiers of box-trees. Beyond is a meadow, as well worth seeing for its natural charm as the features just described are for their artificial beauty, and beyond that there stretches an expanse of fields and a number of other meadows and thickets. At the head of the portico there runs out the dining-room, from the doors of which can be seen the end of the terrace with the meadow and a good expanse of country beyond it, while from the windows the view on the one hand commands one side of the terrace and the part of the villa which juts out, and on the other the grove and foliage of the adjoining riding-school. Almost opposite to the middle of the portico is a summer-house standing back a little, with a small open space in the middle shaded by four plane-trees. Among them is a marble fountain, from which the water plays upon and lightly sprinkles the roots of the plane-trees and the grass plot beneath them. In this summer-house there is a bed-chamber which excludes all light, noise, and sound, and adjoining it is a dining-room for my friends, which faces upon the small court and the other portico, and commands the view enjoyed by the latter. There is another bed-chamber, which is leafy and shaded by the nearest plane-tree and built of marble up to the balcony; above is a picture of a tree with birds perched in the branches equally beautiful with the marble. Here there is a small fountain with a basin around the latter, and the water runs into it from a number of small pipes, which produce a most agreeable sound. In the corner of the portico is a spacious bed-chamber leading out of the dining-room, some of its windows looking out upon the terrace, others upon the meadow, while the windows in front face the fish-pond which lies just beneath them, and is pleasant both to eye and ear, as the water falls from a considerable elevation and glistens white as it is caught in the marble basin. This bed-chamber is beautifully warm even in winter, for it is flooded with an abundance of sunshine. The heating chamber for the bath adjoins it, and on a cloudy day we turn in steam to take the place of the sun's warmth. Next comes a roomy and cheerful undressing room for the bath, from which you pass into a cool chamber containing a large and shady swimming bath. If you prefer more room or warmer water to swim in, there is a pond in the court with a well adjoining it, from which you can make the water colder when you are tired of the warm. Adjoining the cold bath is one of medium warmth, for the sun shines lavishly upon it, but not so much as upon the hot bath which is built farther out. There are three sets of steps leading to it, two exposed to the sun, and the third out of the sun though quite as light. Above the dressing-room is a ball court where various kinds of exercise can be taken, and a number of games can be played at once. Not far from the bath-room is a staircase leading to a covered passage, at the head of which are three rooms, one looking out upon the courtyard with the four plane-trees, the second upon the meadow, and the third upon the vineyards, so each therefore enjoys a different view. At the end of the passage is a bed-chamber constructed out of the passage itself, which looks out upon the riding-course, the vineyards, and the mountains. Connected with it is another bed-chamber open to the sun, and especially so in winter time. Leading out of this is an apartment which adjoins the riding-course of the villa. Such is the appearance and the use to which the front of my house is put. At the side is a raised covered gallery, which seems not so much to look out upon the vineyards as to touch them; in the middle is a dining-room which gets the invigorating breezes from the valleys of the Apennines, while at the other side, through the spacious windows and the folding doors, you seem to be close upon the vineyards again with the gallery between. On the side of the room where there are no windows is a private winding staircase by which the servants bring up the requisites for a meal. At the end of the gallery is a bed-chamber, and the gallery itself affords as pleasant a prospect from there as the vineyards. Underneath runs a sort of subterranean gallery, which in summer time remains perfectly cool, and as it has sufficient air within it, it neither admits any from without nor needs any. Next to both these galleries the portico commences where the dining-room ends, and this is cold before mid-day, and summery when the sun has reached his zenith. This gives the approach to two apartments, one of which contains four beds and the other three, and they are bathed in sunshine or steeped in shadow, according to the position of the sun. But though the arrangements of the house itself are charming, they are far and away surpassed by the riding-course. It is quite open in the centre, and the moment you enter your eye ranges over the whole of it. Around its borders are plane-trees clothed with ivy, and so while the foliage at the top belongs to the trees themselves, that on the lower parts belongs to the ivy, which creeps along the trunk and branches, and spreading across to the neighbouring trees, joins them together. Between the plane-trees are box shrubs, and on the farther side of the shrubs is a ring of laurels which mingle their shade with that of the plane-trees. At the far end, the straight boundary of the riding-course is curved into semi-circular form, which quite changes its appearance. It is enclosed and covered with cypress-trees, the deeper shade of which makes it darker and gloomier than at the sides, but the inner circles - for there are more than one - are quite open to the sunshine. Even roses grow there, and the warmth of the sun is delightful as a change from the cool of the shade. When you come to the end of these various winding alleys, the boundary again runs straight, or should I say boundaries, for there are a number of paths with box shrubs between them. In places there are grass plots intervening, in others box shrubs, which are trimmed to a great variety of patterns, some of them being cut into letters forming my name as owner and that of the gardener. Here and there are small pyramids and apple-trees, and now and then in the midst of all this graceful artificial work you suddenly come upon what looks like a real bit of the country planted there. The intervening space is beautified on both sides with dwarf plane-trees; beyond these is the acanthus-tree that is supple and flexible to the hand, and there are more boxwood figures and names. At the upper end is a couch of white marble covered with a vine, the latter being supported by four small pillars of Carystian marble. Jets of water flow from the couch through small pipes and look as if they were forced out by the weight of persons reclining thereon, and the water is caught in a stone cistern and then retained in a graceful marble basin, regulated by pipes out of sight, so that the basin, while always full, never overflows. The heavier dishes and plates are placed at the side of the basin when I dine there, but the lighter ones, formed into the shapes of little boats and birds, float on the surface and travel round and round. Facing this is a fountain which receives back the water it expels, for the water is thrown up to a considerable height and then falls down again, and the pipes that perform the two processes are connected. Directly opposite the couch is a bed-chamber, and each lends a grace to the other. It is formed of glistening marble, and through the projecting folding doors you pass at once among the foliage, while both from the upper and lower windows you look out upon the same green picture. Within is a little cabinet which seems to belong at once to the same and yet another bed-chamber. This contains a bed and it has windows on every side, yet the shade is so thick outside that very little light enters, for a wonderfully luxuriant vine has climbed up to the roof and covers the whole building. You can fancy you are in a grove as you lie there, only that you do not feel the rain as you do among trees. Here too a fountain rises and immediately loses itself underground. There are a number of marble chairs placed up and down, which are as restful for persons tired with walking as the bed-chamber itself. Near these chairs are little fountains, and throughout the whole riding-course you hear the murmur of tiny streams carried through pipes, which run wherever you please to direct them. These are used to water the shrubs, sometimes in one part, sometimes in another, and at other times all are watered together. I should long since have been afraid of boring you, had I not set out in this letter to take you with me round every corner of my estate. For I am not at all apprehensive that you will find it tedious to read about a place which certainly would not tire you to look at, especially as you can get a little rest whenever you desire, and can sit down, so to speak, by laying down the letter. Moreover, I have been indulging my affection for the place, for I am greatly attached to anything that is mainly the work of my own hands or that someone else has begun and I have taken up. In short - for there is no reason is there? why I should not be frank with you, whether my judgments are sound or unsound - I consider that it is the first duty of a writer to select the title of his work and constantly ask himself what he has begun to write about. He may be sure that so long as he keeps to his subject-matter he will not be tedious, but that he will bore his readers to distraction if he starts dragging in extraneous matter to make weight. Observe the length with which Homer describes the arms of Achilles, and Virgil the arms of Aeneas - yet in both cases the description seems short, because the author only carries out what he intended to. Observe how Aratus hunts up and brings together even the tiniest stars - yet he does not exceed due limits. For his description is not an excursus, but the end and aim of the whole work. It is the same with myself, if I may compare my lowly efforts with their great ones. I have been trying to give you a bird's eye view of the whole of my villa, and if I have introduced no extraneous matter and have never wandered off my subject, it is not the letter containing the description which is to be considered of excessive size, but rather the villa which has been described. However, let me get back to the point I started from, lest I give you an opportunity of justly condemning me by my own law, by not pursuing this digression any farther. I have explained to you why I prefer my Tuscan house to my other places at Tusculum, Tibur and Praeneste. For in addition to all the beauties I have described above, my repose here is more profound and more comfortable, and therefore all the freer from anxiety. There is no necessity to don the toga, no neighbour ever calls to drag me out; everything is placid and quiet; and this peace adds to the healthiness of the place, by giving it, so to speak, a purer sky and a more liquid air. I enjoy better health both in mind and body here than anywhere else, for I exercise the former by study and the latter by hunting. Besides, there is no place where my household keep in better trim, and up to the present I have not lost a single one of all whom I brought with me. I hope Heaven will forgive the boast, and that the gods will continue my happiness to me and preserve this place in all its beauty. Farewell. "' None |
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17. Tertullian, On Baptism, 1 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • eucharistia/eucharist, with fish • fish
Found in books: Bull, Lied and Turner (2011), Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices: Studies for Einar Thomassen at Sixty, 329, 330; McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 136; Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 21
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1 Happy is our sacrament of water, in that, by washing away the sins of our early blindness, we are set free and admitted into eternal life! A treatise on this matter will not be superfluous; instructing not only such as are just becoming formed (in the faith), but them who, content with having simply believed, without full examination of the grounds of the traditions, carry (in mind), through ignorance, an untried though probable faith. The consequence is, that a viper of the Cainite heresy, lately conversant in this quarter, has carried away a great number with her most venomous doctrine, making it her first aim to destroy baptism. Which is quite in accordance with nature; for vipers and asps and basilisks themselves generally do affect arid and waterless places. But we, little fishes, after the example of our &' None |
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18. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • Fish, trampling of, and evil purpose • Fish, trampling of, research into
Found in books: Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 49, 249; Romana Berno (2023), Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History, 220
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19. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • fish image, in Halieutica (Oppian) • pilot-fish
Found in books: Greensmith (2021), The Resurrection of Homer in Imperial Greek Epic: Quintus Smyrnaeus' Posthomerica and the Poetics of Impersonation, 289; Kneebone (2020), Orthodoxy and the Courts in Late Antiquity, 105, 106, 107, 403
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20. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • fishing
Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 44; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 44
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21. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • fishing
Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 44, 46, 50, 78, 80, 82; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 44, 46, 50, 78, 80, 82
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22. Anon., 4 Ezra, 6.52
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • Leviathan, as a huge fish
Found in books: Bull, Lied and Turner (2011), Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices: Studies for Einar Thomassen at Sixty, 331, 334; Sneed (2022), Taming the Beast: A Reception History of Behemoth and Leviathan, 135
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6.52 but to Leviathan thou didst give the seventh part, the watery part; and thou hast kept them to be eaten by whom thou wilt, and when thou wilt.'' None |
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23. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 9.1.1
Tagged with subjects: • Fish • fish farms (piscinae)
Found in books: Mueller (2002), Roman Religion in Valerius Maximus, 128, 129; Romana Berno (2023), Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History, 69
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9.1.1 C. Sergius Orata was the first to make hanging pools; this expense from a slight beginning, extended itself almost to suspended seas of hot water. The The same person, because he would not have his palate subject to the power of Neptune, invented private seas for himself, and separated shoals of different sorts of fish within the large circuits of vast moles, in order that no tempest whatever should deprive his table of his desired delicacies. He also burdened the (till then) deserted banks of of the Lucrine Lake with spacious and tall buildings, so that he might keep his shell-fish fresh. When he waded too deep into public water, he was brought to court by Considius the publicanus. There L. Crassus, pleading against him, said, that his friend Considius was mistaken, if he thought that Orata, being removed from the lake, would lack oysters: for if he could not have them there, he would find them among his roof-tiles.'' None |
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24. Vergil, Aeneis, 5.151-5.169, 5.171-5.243
Tagged with subjects: • fishing
Found in books: Hanghan (2019), Lettered Christians: Christians, Letters, and Late Antique Oxyrhynchus, 46; Hitch (2017), Animal sacrifice in the ancient Greek world, 46
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5.151 Effugit ante alios primisque elabitur undis 5.152 turbam inter fremitumque Gyas; quem deinde Cloanthus 5.153 consequitur, melior remis, sed pondere pinus 5.154 tarda tenet. Post hos aequo discrimine Pristis 5.155 Centaurusque locum tendunt superare priorem; 5.157 Centaurus, nunc una ambae iunctisque feruntur 5.158 frontibus, et longa sulcant vada salsa carina. 5.159 Iamque propinquabant scopulo metamque tenebant, 5.160 cum princeps medioque Gyas in gurgite victor 5.161 rectorem navis compellat voce Menoeten: 5.162 Quo tantum mihi dexter abis? Huc dirige gressum; 5.163 litus ama, et laevas stringat sine palmula cautes; 5.164 altum alii teneant. Dixit; sed caeca Menoetes 5.165 saxa timens proram pelagi detorquet ad undas. 5.166 Quo diversus abis? iterum Pete saxa, Menoete! 5.167 cum clamore Gyas revocabat; et ecce Cloanthum 5.168 respicit instantem tergo, et propiora tenentem. 5.169 Ille inter navemque Gyae scopulosque sotes
5.171 praeterit, et metis tenet aequora tuta relictis. 5.172 Tum vero exarsit iuveni dolor ossibus ingens, 5.173 nec lacrimis caruere genae, segnemque Menoeten, 5.174 oblitus decorisque sui sociumque salutis, 5.175 in mare praecipitem puppi deturbat ab alta; 5.176 ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister, 5.177 hortaturque viros, clavumque ad litora torquet. 5.178 At gravis, ut fundo vix tandem redditus imo est, 5.179 iam senior madidaque fluens in veste Menoetes 5.180 summa petit scopuli siccaque in rupe resedit. 5.181 Ilium et labentem Teucri et risere natantem, 5.182 et salsos rident revomentem pectore fluctus. 5.183 Hic laeta extremis spes est accensa duobus, 5.184 Sergesto Mnestheique, Gyan superare morantem. 5.185 Sergestus capit ante locum scopuloque propinquat, 5.186 nec tota tamen ille prior praeeunte carina; 5.187 parte prior, partem rostro premit aemula Pristis. 5.188 At media socios incedens nave per ipsos 5.189 hortatur Mnestheus: Nunc, nunc insurgite remis, 5.190 Hectorei socii, Troiae quos sorte suprema 5.191 delegi comites; nunc illas promite vires, 5.192 nunc animos, quibus in Gaetulis Syrtibus usi, 5.193 Ionioque mari Maleaeque sequacibus undis. 5.194 Non iam prima peto Mnestheus, neque vincere certo; 5.195 quamquam O!—sed superent, quibus hoc, Neptune, dedisti; 5.196 extremos pudeat rediisse; hoc vincite, cives, 5.197 et prohibete nefas. Olli certamine summo 5.198 procumbunt; vastis tremit ictibus aerea puppis, 5.199 subtrahiturque solum; tum creber anhelitus artus 5.200 aridaque ora quatit, sudor fluit undique rivis. 5.201 Attulit ipse viris optatum casus honorem. 5.202 Namque furens animi dum proram ad saxa suburguet 5.203 interior, spatioque subit Sergestus iniquo, 5.204 infelix saxis in procurrentibus haesit. 5.205 Concussae cautes, et acuto in murice remi 5.206 obnixi crepuere, inlisaque prora pependit. 5.207 Consurgunt nautae et magno clamore morantur, 5.208 ferratasque trudes et acuta cuspide contos 5.209 expediunt, fractosque legunt in gurgite remos. 5.210 At laetus Mnestheus successuque acrior ipso 5.211 agmine remorum celeri ventisque vocatis 5.212 prona petit maria et pelago decurrit aperto. 5.213 Qualis spelunca subito commota columba, 5.214 cui domus et dulces latebroso in pumice nidi, 5.215 fertur in ana volans, plausumque exterrita pennis 5.216 dat tecto ingentem, mox aere lapsa quieto 5.217 radit iter liquidum, celeres neque commovet alas: 5.218 sic Mnestheus, sic ipsa fuga secat ultima Pristis 5.219 aequora, sic illam fert impetus ipse volantem. 5.220 Et primum in scopulo luctantem deserit alto 5.221 Sergestum, brevibusque vadis frustraque vocantem 5.222 auxilia, et fractis discentem currere remis 5.223 Inde Gyan ipsamque ingenti mole Chimaeram 5.224 consequitur; cedit, quoniam spoliata magistro est. 5.225 Solus iamque ipso superest in fine Cloanthus: 5.226 quem petit, et summis adnixus viribus urguet. 5.227 Tum vero ingeminat clamor, cunctique sequentem 5.228 instigant studiis, resonatque fragoribus aether. 5.229 Hi proprium decus et partum indigtur honorem 5.230 ni teneant, vitamque volunt pro laude pacisci; 5.231 hos successus alit: possunt, quia posse videntur. 5.232 Et fors aequatis cepissent praemia rostris, 5.233 ni palmas ponto tendens utrasque Cloanthus 5.234 fudissetque preces, divosque in vota vocasset: 5.235 Di, quibus imperium est pelagi, quorum aequora curro, 5.236 vobis laetus ego hoc candentem in litore taurum 5.237 constituam ante aras, voti reus, extaque salsos 5.238 porriciam in fluctus et vina liquentia fundam. 5.239 Dixit, eumque imis sub fluctibus audiit omnis 5.240 Nereidum Phorcique chorus Panopeaque virgo, 5.241 et pater ipse manu magna Portunus euntem 5.242 impulit; illa Noto citius volucrique sagitta 5.243 ad terram fugit, et portu se condidit alto.' ' None | sup>
5.151 in the mid-circus; wreaths of laurel green, 5.152 the honored tripod, coronals of palm ' "5.153 for conquerors' brows, accoutrements of war, " '5.154 rare robes of purple stain, and generous weight ' "5.155 of silver and of gold. The trumpet's call " '5.157 First, side by side, with sturdy, rival oars, 5.158 four noble galleys, pride of all the fleet, 5.159 come forward to contend. The straining crew 5.160 of Mnestheus bring his speedy Pristis on, — 5.161 Mnestheus in Italy erelong the sire ' "5.162 of Memmius' noble line. Brave Gyas guides " '5.163 his vast Chimaera, a colossal craft, 5.164 a floating city, by a triple row 5.165 of Dardan sailors manned, whose banks of oars 5.166 in triple order rise. Sergestus, he 5.167 of whom the Sergian house shall after spring, 5.168 rides in his mighty Centaur. Next in line, 5.169 on sky-blue Scylla proud Cloanthus rides —
5.171 Fronting the surf-beat shore, far out at sea 5.172 rises a rock, which under swollen waves 5.173 lies buffeted unseen, when wintry storms 5.174 mantle the stars; but when the deep is calm, 5.175 lifts silently above the sleeping wave 5.176 its level field,—a place where haunt and play 5.177 flocks of the sea-birds, Iovers of the sun. 5.178 Here was the goal; and here Aeneas set 5.179 a green-leaved flex-tree, to be a mark ' "5.180 for every captain's eye, from whence to veer " '5.181 the courses of their ships in sweeping curves 5.182 and speed them home. Now places in the line 5.183 are given by lot. Upon the lofty sterns 5.184 the captains ride, in beautiful array 5.185 of Tyriao purple and far-flaming gold; 5.186 the crews are poplar-crowned, the shoulders bare 5.187 rubbed well with glittering oil; their straining arms 5.188 make long reach to the oar, as on the thwarts 5.189 they sit attentive, listening for the call 5.190 of the loud trumpet; while with pride and fear 5.191 their hot hearts throb, impassioned for renown. 5.192 Soon pealed the signal clear; from all the line 5.193 instant the galleys bounded, and the air 5.194 rang to the rowers, shouting, while their arms 5.195 pulled every inch and flung the waves in foam; 5.196 deep cut the rival strokes; the surface fair 5.197 yawned wide beneath their blades and cleaving keels. ' "5.198 Not swifter scour the chariots o'er the plain, " '5.199 ped headlong from the line behind their teams 5.200 of mated coursers, while each driver shakes 5.201 loose, rippling reins above his plunging pairs, ' "5.202 and o'er the lash leans far. With loud applause " '5.203 vociferous and many an urgent cheer 5.204 the woodlands rang, and all the concave shores 5.205 back from the mountains took the Trojan cry 5.206 in answering song. Forth-flying from his peers, ' "5.207 while all the crowd acclaims, sped Gyas' keel " '5.208 along the outmost wave. Cloanthus next 5.209 pushed hard upon, with stronger stroke of oars 5.210 but heavier ship. At equal pace behind 5.211 the Pristis and the Centaur fiercely strive 5.212 for the third place. Now Pristis seems to lead, 5.213 now mightier Centaur past her flies, then both 5.214 ride on together, prow with prow, and cleave 5.215 long lines of foaming furrow with swift keels. 5.216 Soon near the rock they drew, and either ship 5.217 was making goal,—when Gyas, in the lead, 5.218 and winner of the half-course, Ioudly hailed ' "5.219 menoetes, the ship's pilot: “Why so far " '5.220 to starboard, we? Keep her head round this way! 5.221 Hug shore! Let every oar-blade almost graze 5.222 that reef to larboard! Let the others take 5.223 the deep-sea course outside!” But while he spoke, 5.224 Menoetes, dreading unknown rocks below, 5.225 veered off to open sea. “Why steer so wide? 5.226 Round to the rock, Menoetes!” Gyas roared, — 5.227 again in vain, for looking back he saw 5.228 cloanthus hard astern, and ever nearer, 5.229 who, in a trice, betwixt the booming reef ' "5.230 and Gyas' galley, lightly forward thrust " '5.231 the beak of Scylla to the inside course, 5.232 and, quickly taking lead, flew past the goal 5.233 to the smooth seas beyond. Then wrathful grief ' "5.234 flamed in the warrior's heart, nor was his cheek " '5.235 unwet with tears; and, reckless utterly 5.236 of his own honor and his comrades, lives, 5.237 he hurled poor, slack Menoetes from the poop 5.238 headlong upon the waters, while himself, 5.239 pilot and master both, the helm assuming, 5.240 urged on his crew, and landward took his way. 5.241 But now, with heavy limbs that hardly won 5.242 his rescue from the deep, engulfing wave, 5.243 up the rude rock graybeard Menoetes climbed ' ' None |
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25. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Fish, Jeffrey • fish
Found in books: Gordon (2012), The Invention and Gendering of Epicurus, 6, 32, 47, 90, 127, 134; Yona (2018), Epicurean Ethics in Horace: The Psychology of Satire, 27
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