1. Homer, Iliad, 6.130-6.140, 14.321-14.322 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Europa • Europa character • Europa, Greek and Latin versions • Europe
Found in books: Bednarek (2021) 13; Bernabe et al (2013) 208; Lyons (1997) 78; Papadodima (2022) 140; Sweeney (2013) 92
6.130. οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱὸς κρατερὸς Λυκόοργος 6.131. δὴν ἦν, ὅς ῥα θεοῖσιν ἐπουρανίοισιν ἔριζεν· 6.132. ὅς ποτε μαινομένοιο Διωνύσοιο τιθήνας 6.133. σεῦε κατʼ ἠγάθεον Νυσήϊον· αἳ δʼ ἅμα πᾶσαι 6.134. θύσθλα χαμαὶ κατέχευαν ὑπʼ ἀνδροφόνοιο Λυκούργου 6.135. θεινόμεναι βουπλῆγι· Διώνυσος δὲ φοβηθεὶς 6.136. δύσεθʼ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα, Θέτις δʼ ὑπεδέξατο κόλπῳ 6.137. δειδιότα· κρατερὸς γὰρ ἔχε τρόμος ἀνδρὸς ὁμοκλῇ. 6.138. τῷ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ὀδύσαντο θεοὶ ῥεῖα ζώοντες, 6.139. καί μιν τυφλὸν ἔθηκε Κρόνου πάϊς· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν 6.140. ἦν, ἐπεὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀπήχθετο πᾶσι θεοῖσιν·
14.321. οὐδʼ ὅτε Φοίνικος κούρης τηλεκλειτοῖο, 14.322. ἣ τέκε μοι Μίνων τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Ῥαδάμανθυν·''. None | 6.130. Nay, for even the son of Dryas, mighty Lycurgus, lived not long, seeing that he strove with heavenly gods—he that on a time drave down over the sacred mount of Nysa the nursing mothers of mad Dionysus; and they all let fall to the ground their wands, smitten with an ox-goad by man-slaying Lycurgus. 6.134. Nay, for even the son of Dryas, mighty Lycurgus, lived not long, seeing that he strove with heavenly gods—he that on a time drave down over the sacred mount of Nysa the nursing mothers of mad Dionysus; and they all let fall to the ground their wands, smitten with an ox-goad by man-slaying Lycurgus. ' "6.135. But Dionysus fled, and plunged beneath the wave of the sea, and Thetis received him in her bosom, filled with dread, for mighty terror gat hold of him at the man's threatenings. Then against Lycurgus did the gods that live at ease wax wroth, and the son of Cronos made him blind; " "6.139. But Dionysus fled, and plunged beneath the wave of the sea, and Thetis received him in her bosom, filled with dread, for mighty terror gat hold of him at the man's threatenings. Then against Lycurgus did the gods that live at ease wax wroth, and the son of Cronos made him blind; " '6.140. and he lived not for long, seeing that he was hated of all the immortal gods. So would not I be minded to fight against the blessed gods. But if thou art of men, who eat the fruit of the field, draw nigh, that thou mayest the sooner enter the toils of destruction. Then spake to him the glorious son of Hippolochus:
14.321. who bare Perseus, pre-eminent above all warriors; nor of the daughter of far-famed Phoenix, that bare me Minos and godlike Rhadamanthys; nor of Semele, nor of Alcmene in Thebes, and she brought forth Heracles, her son stout of heart, 14.322. who bare Perseus, pre-eminent above all warriors; nor of the daughter of far-famed Phoenix, that bare me Minos and godlike Rhadamanthys; nor of Semele, nor of Alcmene in Thebes, and she brought forth Heracles, her son stout of heart, ''. None |
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2. Herodotus, Histories, 1.4, 3.115, 4.36 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Europa • Europa, Greek and Latin versions • Europe • Europe/Europeans
Found in books: Bianchetti et al (2015) 14; Fabre-Serris et al (2021) 156; Gruen (2020) 15; Morrison (2020) 59, 67; Papadodima (2022) 140; Sweeney (2013) 19
1.4. μέχρι μὲν ὤν τούτου ἁρπαγάς μούνας εἶναι παρʼ ἀλλήλων, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου Ἕλληνας δὴ μεγάλως αἰτίους γενέσθαι· προτέρους γὰρ ἄρξαι στρατεύεσθαι ἐς τὴν Ἀσίην ἢ σφέας ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην. τὸ μέν νυν ἁρπάζειν γυναῖκας ἀνδρῶν ἀδίκων νομίζειν ἔργον εἶναι, τὸ δὲ ἁρπασθεισέων σπουδήν ποιήσασθαι τιμωρέειν ἀνοήτων, τὸ δὲ μηδεμίαν ὤρην ἔχειν ἁρπασθεισέων σωφρόνων· δῆλα γὰρ δὴ ὅτι, εἰ μὴ αὐταὶ ἐβούλοντο, οὐκ ἂν ἡρπάζοντο. σφέας μὲν δὴ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίης λέγουσι Πέρσαι ἁρπαζομενέων τῶν γυναικῶν λόγον οὐδένα ποιήσασθαι, Ἕλληνας δὲ Λακεδαιμονίης εἵνεκεν γυναικὸς στόλον μέγαν συναγεῖραι καὶ ἔπειτα ἐλθόντας ἐς τὴν Ἀσίην τὴν Πριάμου δύναμιν κατελεῖν. ἀπὸ τούτου αἰεὶ ἡγήσασθαι τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν σφίσι εἶναι πολέμιον. τὴν γὰρ Ἀσίην καὶ τὰ ἐνοικέοντα ἔθνεα βάρβαρα 1 οἰκηιεῦνται οἱ Πέρσαι, τὴν δὲ Εὐρώπην καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἥγηνται κεχωρίσθαι.
3.115. αὗται μέν νυν ἔν τε τῇ Ἀσίῃ ἐσχατιαί εἰσι καὶ ἐν τῇ Λιβύῃ. περὶ δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ τῶν πρὸς ἑσπέρην ἐσχατιέων ἔχω μὲν οὐκ ἀτρεκέως λέγειν· οὔτε γὰρ ἔγωγε ἐνδέκομαι Ἠριδανὸν καλέεσθαι πρὸς βαρβάρων ποταμὸν ἐκδιδόντα ἐς θάλασσαν τὴν πρὸς βορέην ἄνεμον, ἀπʼ ὅτευ τὸ ἤλεκτρον φοιτᾶν λόγος ἐστί, οὔτε νήσους οἶδα Κασσιτερίδας ἐούσας, ἐκ τῶν ὁ κασσίτερος ἡμῖν φοιτᾷ. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ὁ Ἠριδανὸς αὐτὸ κατηγορέει τὸ οὔνομα ὡς ἔστι Ἑλληνικὸν καὶ οὐ βάρβαρον, ὑπὸ ποιητέω δὲ τινὸς ποιηθέν· τοῦτο δὲ οὐδενὸς αὐτόπτεω γενομένου δύναμαι ἀκοῦσαι, τοῦτο μελετῶν, ὅκως θάλασσα ἐστὶ τὰ ἐπέκεινα Εὐρώπης. ἐξ ἐσχάτης δʼ ὦν ὁ κασσίτερος ἡμῖν φοιτᾷ καὶ τὸ ἤλεκτρον.
4.36. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν Ὑπερβορέων πέρι εἰρήσθω· τὸν γὰρ περὶ Ἀβάριος λόγον τοῦ λεγομένου εἶναι Ὑπερβορέου οὐ λέγω, ὡς 1 τὸν ὀιστὸν περιέφερε κατὰ πᾶσαν γῆν οὐδὲν σιτεόμενος. εἰ δὲ εἰσὶ ὑπερβόρεοι τινὲς ἄνθρωποι, εἰσὶ καὶ ὑπερνότιοι ἄλλοι. γελῶ δὲ ὁρέων γῆς περιόδους γράψαντας πολλοὺς ἤδη καὶ οὐδένα νοονεχόντως ἐξηγησάμενον· οἳ Ὠκεανόν τε ῥέοντα γράφουσι πέριξ τὴν γῆν ἐοῦσαν κυκλοτερέα ὡς ἀπὸ τόρνου, καὶ τὴν Ἀσίην τῇ Εὐρώπῃ ποιεύντων ἴσην. ἐν ὀλίγοισι γὰρ ἐγὼ δηλώσω μέγαθός τε ἑκάστης αὐτέων καὶ οἵη τις ἐστὶ ἐς γραφὴν ἑκάστη.''. None | 1.4. So far it was a matter of mere seizure on both sides. But after this (the Persians say), the Greeks were very much to blame; for they invaded Asia before the Persians attacked Europe . ,“We think,” they say, “that it is unjust to carry women off. But to be anxious to avenge rape is foolish: wise men take no notice of such things. For plainly the women would never have been carried away, had they not wanted it themselves. ,We of Asia did not deign to notice the seizure of our women; but the Greeks, for the sake of a Lacedaemonian woman, recruited a great armada, came to Asia, and destroyed the power of Priam. ,Ever since then we have regarded Greeks as our enemies.” For the Persians claim Asia for their own, and the foreign peoples that inhabit it; Europe and the Greek people they consider to be separate from them.
3.115. These then are the most distant lands in Asia and Libya . But concerning those in Europe that are the farthest away towards evening, I cannot speak with assurance; for I do not believe that there is a river called by foreigners Eridanus issuing into the northern sea, where our amber is said to come from, nor do I have any knowledge of Tin Islands, where our tin is brought from. ,The very name Eridanus betrays itself as not a foreign but a Greek name, invented by some poet; nor for all my diligence have I been able to learn from one who has seen it that there is a sea beyond Europe . All we know is that our tin and amber come from the most distant parts.
4.36. I have said this much of the Hyperboreans, and let it suffice; for I do not tell the story of that Abaris, alleged to be a Hyperborean, who carried the arrow over the whole world, fasting all the while. But if there are men beyond the north wind, then there are others beyond the south. ,And I laugh to see how many have before now drawn maps of the world, not one of them reasonably; for they draw the world as round as if fashioned by compasses, encircled by the Ocean river, and Asia and Europe of a like extent. For myself, I will in a few words indicate the extent of the two, and how each should be drawn. ''. None |
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3. Plato, Republic, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Europe • Europe, contrasted with Asia
Found in books: Isaac (2004) 284; Papadodima (2022) 120
| 470c. if this goes to the mark. I affirm that the Hellenic race is friendly to itself and akin, and foreign and alien to the barbarian. Rightly, he said. We shall then say that Greeks fight and wage war with barbarians, and barbarians with Greeks, and are enemies by nature, and that war is the fit name for this enmity and hatred. Greeks, however, we shall say, are still by nature the friends of Greeks when they act in this way, but that Greece is sick in that case and divided by faction,''. None |
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4. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Asia, contrasted with Europe • Europe • Europe, contrasted with Asia • Hippocrates (Ps.), Airs, Waters, Places, on Asia and Europe
Found in books: Fabre-Serris et al (2021) 41; Isaac (2004) 62
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5. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Asia, contrasted with Europe • Europe • Europe, contrasted with Asia • Europe/Europeans
Found in books: Gruen (2020) 52; Isaac (2004) 70, 71; Sweeney (2013) 19
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6. None, None, nan (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Europe
Found in books: Gagné (2020) 195; Morrison (2020) 59
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7. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Europa • Europa, Moschus • Europe
Found in books: Morrison (2020) 111; Papadodima (2022) 141, 144
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8. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.479, 1.562-1.563, 1.590-1.591, 1.698, 2.405, 2.836-2.875, 3.3 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Europa • Europa character • Jupiter / Zeus, and Europa
Found in books: Bernabe et al (2013) 313; Johnson (2008) 46, 84; Mayor (2017) 201, 217; Miller and Clay (2019) 132, 150; Papadodima (2022) 149, 150
1.479. inpatiens expersque viri nemora avia lustrat,
1.562. postibus Augustis eadem fidissima custos 1.563. ante fores stabis mediamque tuebere quercum,
1.590. nescio quem factura toro, pete” dixerat “umbras 1.591. altorum nemorum” (et nemorum monstraverat umbras),
2.405. perspicit. Arcadiae tamen est impensior illi
2.836. Sevocat hunc genitor. Nec causam fassus amoris 2.837. “fide minister” ait “iussorum, nate, meorum, 2.838. pelle moram solitoque celer delabere cursu, 2.839. quaeque tuam matrem tellus a parte sinistra 2.840. suspicit (indigenae Sidonida nomine dicunt), 2.841. hanc pete, quodque procul montano gramine pasci 2.842. armentum regale vides, ad litora verte.” 2.843. Dixit, et expulsi iamdudum monte iuvenci 2.844. litora iussa petunt, ubi magni filia regis 2.845. ludere virginibus Tyriis comitata solebat. 2.846. Non bene conveniunt nec in una sede morantur 2.847. maiestas et amor: sceptri gravitate relicta 2.848. ille pater rectorque deum, cui dextra trisulcis 2.849. ignibus armata est, qui nutu concutit orbem, 2.850. induitur faciem tauri mixtusque iuvencis 2.851. mugit et in teneris formosus obambulat herbis. 2.852. Quippe color nivis est, quam nec vestigia duri 2.853. calcavere pedis nec solvit aquaticus auster. 2.854. Colla toris exstant, armis palearia pendent, 2.855. cornua parva quidem, sed quae contendere possis 2.856. facta manu, puraque magis perlucida gemma. 2.857. Nullae in fronte minae, nec formidabile lumen; 2.858. pacem vultus habet. Miratur Agenore nata, 2.859. quod tam formosus, quod proelia nulla minetur. 2.860. Sed quamvis mitem metuit contingere primo: 2.861. mox adit et flores ad candida porrigit ora. 2.862. Gaudet amans et, dum veniat sperata voluptas, 2.863. oscula dat manibus; vix iam, vix cetera differt. 2.864. Et nunc adludit viridique exsultat in herba, 2.865. nunc latus in fulvis niveum deponit harenis; 2.866. paulatimque metu dempto modo pectora praebet 2.867. virginea plaudenda manu, modo cornua sertis 2.868. impedienda novis. Ausa est quoque regia virgo 2.869. nescia quem premeret, tergo considere tauri, 2.870. cum deus a terra siccoque a litore sensim 2.871. falsa pedum primis vestigia ponit in undis: 2.872. inde abit ulterius mediique per aequora ponti 2.873. fert praedam. Pavet haec litusque ablata relictum 2.874. respicit, et dextra cornum tenet, altera dorso 2.875. imposita est; tremulae sinuantur flamine vestes.' '. None | 1.479. Deucalion's plaint to Pyrrha ;—and they wept." '
1.562. that bears the bow (a weapon used till then 1.563. only to hunt the deer and agile goat)
1.590. wounds, mortal, to the savage beasts of prey; 1.591. and who courageous overcome their foes.—' "
2.405. If not thy brother's good nor mine may touch" '
2.405. daughter of Cadmus , till she begged of Jove
2.836. but whensoever logs and rocks detained,
2.836. committed the most wicked crimes, for which 2.837. Minerva changed her to the bird of night— 2.837. it foamed, with violence increased, against 2.838. and ever since has claimed her as her own 2.838. obstruction. 2.839. instead of me; and this despite the deed 2.840. for which she shuns the glorious light of day, 2.840. his servants stained with blood, to whom he said, 2.841. and conscious of her crime conceals her shame 2.841. “What have ye done with Bacchus?” And to him' "2.842. in the dark night—Minerva's Owl now called." '2.842. they made reply; “Not Bacchus have we seen, 2.843. All the glad birds of day, indigt shun, 2.843. but we have taken his attendant lad, 2.844. and chase her from the skies.” 2.844. the chosen servant of his sacred rites.” 2.845. And they delivered to the noble king, 2.846. a youth whose hands were lashed behind his back. 2.846. the Raven to the Crow, that talked so much, 2.847. “A mischief fall upon your prating head 2.848. for this detention of my flight. Your word 2.848. his awful gaze upon the lad, and though 2.849. and warnings I despise.” With which retort 2.849. he scarce deferred his doom, addressed him thus; 2.850. he winged upon his journey, swiftly thence 2.850. “Doomed to destruction, thou art soon to give 2.851. example to my people by thy death: 2.851. in haste, despite the warning to inform 2.852. his patron, Phoebus, how he saw the fair 2.852. tell me thy name; what are thy parents called; 2.853. Coronis with a lad of Thessaly . 2.853. where is thy land; and wherefore art thou found 2.854. attendant on these Bacchanalian rites.” 2.855. the busy Raven made such haste to tell, 2.856. Acoetes; and Maeonia is the land 2.856. he dropped his plectrum and his laurel wreath, 2.857. and his bright countece went white with rage. 2.857. from whence I came. My parents were so poor, 2.858. He seized his trusted arms, and having bent 2.858. my father left me neither fruitful fields, 2.859. his certain bow, pierced with a deadly shaft 2.859. tilled by the lusty ox, nor fleecy sheep, 2.860. nor lowing kine; for, he himself was poor, 2.860. that bosom which so often he had pressed 2.861. against his own. 2.861. and with his hook and line was wont to catch 2.862. the leaping fishes, landed by his rod. 2.863. His skill was all his wealth. And when to me 2.863. and as she drew the keen shaft from the wound, 2.864. he gave his trade, he said, ‘You are the heir 2.864. her snow-white limbs were bathed in purple blood: 2.865. and thus she wailed, “Ah, Phoebus! punishment 2.865. of my employment, therefore unto you 2.866. all that is mine I give,’ and, at his death, 2.866. is justly mine! but wherefore didst thou not 2.867. await the hour of birth? for by my death 2.867. he left me nothing but the running waves. — 2.868. an innocent is slain.” This said, her soul 2.868. they are the sum of my inheritance. 2.869. expired with her life-blood, and death congealed 2.869. “And, afterwhile, that I might not be bound 2.870. forever to my father's rocky shores," '2.870. her drooping form.' "2.871. I learned to steer the keel with dextrous hand; 2.872. and marked with watchful gaze the guiding stars;' "2.872. repents his jealous deed; regrets too late 2.873. his ready credence to the Raven's tale." '2.873. the watery Constellation of the Goat, 2.874. Mourning his thoughtless deed, blaming himself, 2.874. Olenian, and the Bear, the Hyades, 2.875. he vents his rage upon the talking bird; 2.875. the Pleiades, the houses of the winds,' ". None |
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9. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Europa
Found in books: Papadodima (2022) 152; Pinheiro Bierl and Beck (2013) 36
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10. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Cadmus, and search for Europa • Europa • Europe • Europe (personal name) • identity, of Europa
Found in books: Lipka (2021) 127; Papadodima (2022) 156, 157; Verhelst and Scheijnens (2022) 20
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11. Strabo, Geography, 2.5.8, 7.3.1
Tagged with subjects: • Europe
Found in books: Bianchetti et al (2015) 157; Gagné (2020) 322; Stephens and Winkler (1995) 104, 106
| 2.5.8. It is true that Pytheas of Marseilles affirms that the farthest country north of the British islands is Thule; for which place he says the summer tropic and the arctic circle is all one. But he records no other particulars concerning it; he does not say whether Thule is an island, or whether it continues habitable up to the point where the summer tropic becomes one with the arctic circle. For myself, I fancy that the northern boundaries of the habitable earth are greatly south of this. Modern writers tell us of nothing beyond Ierne, which lies just north of Britain, where the people live miserably and like savages on account of the severity of the cold. It is here in my opinion the bounds of the habitable earth ought to be fixed. If on the one hand the parallels of Byzantium and Marseilles are the same, as Hipparchus asserts on the faith of Pytheas, (for he says that at Byzantium the gnomon indicates the same amount of shadow as Pytheas gives for Marseilles,) and at the same time the parallel of the Dnieper is distant from Byzantium about 3800 stadia, it follows, if we take into consideration the distance between Marseilles and Britain, that the circle which passes over the Dnieper traverses Britain as well. But the truth is that Pytheas, who so frequently misleads people, deceives in this instance too. It is generally admitted that a line drawn from the Pillars of Hercules, and passing over the Strait of Messina , Athens, and Rhodes, would lie under the same parallel of latitude. It is likewise admitted, that the line in passing from the Pillars to the Strait of Sicily divides the Mediterranean through the midst. Navigators tell us that the greatest distance from Keltica to Libya, starting from the bottom of the Galatic Bay, is 5000 stadia, and that this is likewise the greatest breadth of the Mediterranean. Consequently from the said line to the bottom of the bay is 2500 stadia; but to Marseilles the distance is rather less, in consequence of that city being more to the south than the bottom of the bay. But since from Rhodes to Byzantium is about 4900 stadia, it follows that Byzantium must be far north of Marseilles. The distance from this latter city to Britain is about the same as from Byzantium to the Dnieper. How far it may be from Britain to the island of Ierne is not known. As to whether beyond it there may still be habitable lands, it is not our business to inquire, as we stated before. It is sufficient for our science to determine this in the same manner that we did the southern boundaries. We there fixed the bounds of the habitable earth at 3000 stadia south of Meroe (not that these were its exact limits, but because they were sufficiently near); so in this instance they should be placed about the same number of stadia north of Britain, certainly not more than 4000. It would not serve any political purpose to be well acquainted with these distant places and the people who inhabit them; especially if they are islands whose inhabitants can neither injure us, nor yet benefit us by their commerce. The Romans might easily have conquered Britain, but they did not care to do so, as they perceived there was nothing to fear from the inhabitants, (they not being powerful enough to attack us,) and that they would gain nothing by occupying the land. Even now it appears that we gain more by the customs they pay, than we could raise by tribute, after deducting the wages of the soldiers necessary for guarding the island and exacting the taxes. And the other islands adjacent to this would be still more unproductive.' "
7.3.1. Getae As for the southern part of Germany beyond the Albis, the portion which is just contiguous to that river is occupied by the Suevi; then immediately adjoining this is the land of the Getae, which, though narrow at first, stretching as it does along the Ister on its southern side and on the opposite side along the mountain-side of the Hercynian Forest (for the land of the Getae also embraces a part of the mountains), afterwards broadens out towards the north as far as the Tyregetae; but I cannot tell the precise boundaries. It is because of men's ignorance of these regions that any heed has been given to those who created the mythical Rhipaean Mountains and Hyperboreans, and also to all those false statements made by Pytheas the Massalian regarding the country along the ocean, wherein he uses as a screen his scientific knowledge of astronomy and mathematics. So then, those men should be disregarded; in fact, if even Sophocles, when in his role as a tragic poet he speaks of Oreithyia, tells how she was snatched up by Boreas and carried over the whole sea to the ends of the earth and to the sources of night and to the unfoldings of heaven and to the ancient garden of Phoebus, his story can have no bearing on the present inquiry, but should be disregarded, just as it is disregarded by Socrates in the Phaedrus. But let us confine our narrative to what we have learned from history, both ancient and modern."'. None |
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