1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 10.17, 10.21, 16.13, 16.15 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Judean Calendar Plaques • calendar • calendar,
Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022) 459; Ganzel and Holtz (2020) 58; Rowland (2009) 319; Rubenstein(1995) 14
10.17. כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הוּא אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים וַאֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים הָאֵל הַגָּדֹל הַגִּבֹּר וְהַנּוֹרָא אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִשָּׂא פָנִים וְלֹא יִקַּח שֹׁחַד׃
10.21. הוּא תְהִלָּתְךָ וְהוּא אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה אִתְּךָ אֶת־הַגְּדֹלֹת וְאֶת־הַנּוֹרָאֹת הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר רָאוּ עֵינֶיךָ׃
16.13. חַג הַסֻּכֹּת תַּעֲשֶׂה לְךָ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים בְּאָסְפְּךָ מִגָּרְנְךָ וּמִיִּקְבֶךָ׃
16.15. שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תָּחֹג לַיהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר יְהוָה כִּי יְבָרֶכְךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכֹל תְּבוּאָתְךָ וּבְכֹל מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ וְהָיִיתָ אַךְ שָׂמֵחַ׃''. None | 10.17. For the LORD your God, He is God of gods, and Lord of lords, the great God, the mighty, and the awful, who regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward.
10.21. He is thy glory, and He is thy God, that hath done for thee these great and tremendous things, which thine eyes have seen.
16.13. Thou shalt keep the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in from thy threshing-floor and from thy winepress.
16.15. Seven days shalt thou keep a feast unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shall choose; because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the work of thy hands, and thou shalt be altogether joyful.''. None |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 12.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Judean Calendar Plaques • calendar • liturgical calendar
Found in books: Ganzel and Holtz (2020) 56, 57; Neusner (2004) 292; Zawanowska and Wilk (2022) 143
12.2. הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חֳדָשִׁים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לְחָדְשֵׁי הַשָּׁנָה׃'
12.2. כָּל־מַחְמֶצֶת לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תֹּאכְלוּ מַצּוֹת׃ '. None | 12.2. ’This month shall be unto you the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year to you.''. None |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.27, 7.6-8.14, 14.18, 14.19, 14.20 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • Judean Calendar Plaques • calendar • calendars, solar
Found in books: Allen and Dunne (2022) 34; Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022) 337, 459; Bowen and Rochberg (2020) 533; Fraade (2011) 256, 258; Ganzel and Holtz (2020) 56; Piotrkowski (2019) 384
1.14. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי מְאֹרֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הַיּוֹם וּבֵין הַלָּיְלָה וְהָיוּ לְאֹתֹת וּלְמוֹעֲדִים וּלְיָמִים וְשָׁנִים׃
1.15. וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֹרֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהָאִיר עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְהִי־כֵן׃
1.16. וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־שְׁנֵי הַמְּאֹרֹת הַגְּדֹלִים אֶת־הַמָּאוֹר הַגָּדֹל לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת הַיּוֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּאוֹר הַקָּטֹן לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת הַלַּיְלָה וְאֵת הַכּוֹכָבִים׃
1.27. וַיִּבְרָא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָאָדָם בְּצַלְמוֹ בְּצֶלֶם אֱלֹהִים בָּרָא אֹתוֹ זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בָּרָא אֹתָם׃
14.18. וּמַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק מֶלֶךְ שָׁלֵם הוֹצִיא לֶחֶם וָיָיִן וְהוּא כֹהֵן לְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן׃
14.19. וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ וַיֹּאמַר בָּרוּךְ אַבְרָם לְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן קֹנֵה שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ׃' '. None | 1.14. And God said: ‘Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years;
1.15. and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.’ And it was so.
1.16. And God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; and the stars.
1.27. And God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them.
14.18. And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine; and he was priest of God the Most High.
14.19. And he blessed him, and said: ‘Blessed be Abram of God Most High, Maker of heaven and earth;
14.20. and blessed be God the Most High, who hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand.’ And he gave him a tenth of all.' '. None |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 23.2, 23.4, 23.11, 23.15, 23.38, 23.40 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • Judean Calendar Plaques • calendar • calendar in 1 Enoch, in rabbinic literature • calendar, • liturgical calendar • solar (calendar)
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 161, 162, 263, 264, 277; Ganzel and Holtz (2020) 58, 61, 63; Hayes (2015) 200, 201; Neusner (2004) 292, 293; Piotrkowski (2019) 311; Rubenstein(1995) 55, 110; Vinzent (2013) 216
23.2. דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְאוּ אֹתָם מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ אֵלֶּה הֵם מוֹעֲדָי׃
23.2. וְהֵנִיף הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם עַל לֶחֶם הַבִּכּוּרִים תְּנוּפָה לִפְנֵי יְהוָה עַל־שְׁנֵי כְּבָשִׂים קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיוּ לַיהוָה לַכֹּהֵן׃
23.4. אֵלֶּה מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְאוּ אֹתָם בְּמוֹעֲדָם׃
23.4. וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר כַּפֹּת תְּמָרִים וַעֲנַף עֵץ־עָבֹת וְעַרְבֵי־נָחַל וּשְׂמַחְתֶּם לִפְנֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃
23.11. וְהֵנִיף אֶת־הָעֹמֶר לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לִרְצֹנְכֶם מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת יְנִיפֶנּוּ הַכֹּהֵן׃
23.15. וּסְפַרְתֶּם לָכֶם מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת מִיּוֹם הֲבִיאֲכֶם אֶת־עֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת תְּמִימֹת תִּהְיֶינָה׃
23.38. מִלְּבַד שַׁבְּתֹת יְּהוָה וּמִלְּבַד מַתְּנוֹתֵיכֶם וּמִלְּבַד כָּל־נִדְרֵיכֶם וּמִלְּבַד כָּל־נִדְבוֹתֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לַיהוָה׃' '. None | 23.2. Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: The appointed seasons of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are My appointed seasons.
23.4. These are the appointed seasons of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their appointed season.
23.11. And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you; on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
23.15. And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the day of rest, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the waving; seven weeks shall there be complete;
23.38. beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill-offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.
23.40. And ye shall take you on the first day the fruit of goodly trees, branches of palm-trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook, and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.' '. None |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 28.2-28.3, 29.35-29.39 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendar • calendar, • liturgical calendar
Found in books: Balberg (2017) 143, 144; Neusner (2004) 292, 293; Rubenstein(1995) 51
28.2. וּמִנְחָתָם סֹלֶת בְּלוּלָה בַשָּׁמֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה עֶשְׂרֹנִים לַפָּר וּשְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים לָאַיִל תַּעֲשׂוּ׃
28.2. צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אֶת־קָרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי לְאִשַּׁי רֵיחַ נִיחֹחִי תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ׃ 28.3. וְאָמַרְתָּ לָהֶם זֶה הָאִשֶּׁה אֲשֶׁר תַּקְרִיבוּ לַיהוָה כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה תְמִימִם שְׁנַיִם לַיּוֹם עֹלָה תָמִיד׃ 28.3. שְׂעִיר עִזִּים אֶחָד לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם׃
29.35. בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ׃ 29.36. וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם עֹלָה אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַיהוָה פַּר אֶחָד אַיִל אֶחָד כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה שִׁבְעָה תְּמִימִם׃ 29.37. מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּר לָאַיִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂים בְּמִסְפָּרָם כַּמִּשְׁפָּט׃ 29.38. וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת אֶחָד מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד וּמִנְחָתָהּ וְנִסְכָּהּ׃ 29.39. אֵלֶּה תַּעֲשׂוּ לַיהוָה בְּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם לְבַד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶם וְנִדְבֹתֵיכֶם לְעֹלֹתֵיכֶם וּלְמִנְחֹתֵיכֶם וּלְנִסְכֵּיכֶם וּלְשַׁלְמֵיכֶם׃''. None | 28.2. Command the children of Israel, and say unto them: My food which is presented unto Me for offerings made by fire, of a sweet savour unto Me, shall ye observe to offer unto Me in its due season. 28.3. And thou shalt say unto them: This is the offering made by fire which ye shall bring unto the LORD: he-lambs of the first year without blemish, two day by day, for a continual burnt-offering.
29.35. On the eighth day ye shall have a solemn assembly: ye shall do no manner of servile work; 29.36. but ye shall present a burnt-offering, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: one bullock, one ram, seven he-lambs of the first year without blemish; 29.37. their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullock, for the ram, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the ordice; 29.38. and one he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof. 29.39. These ye shall offer unto the LORD in your appointed seasons, beside your vows, and your freewill-offerings, whether they be your burnt-offerings, or your meal-offerings, or your drink-offerings, or your peace-offerings.''. None |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 104.19, 104.24 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Calendars • Calendars, Solar • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendar • calendar in 1 Enoch, in rabbinic literature
Found in books: Allen and Dunne (2022) 34; Beyerle and Goff (2022) 173, 419; Fraade (2011) 257; Hayes (2015) 237; Zawanowska and Wilk (2022) 139
104.19. עָשָׂה יָרֵחַ לְמוֹעֲדִים שֶׁמֶשׁ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ׃
104.24. מָה־רַבּוּ מַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְהוָה כֻּלָּם בְּחָכְמָה עָשִׂיתָ מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ קִנְיָנֶךָ׃''. None | 104.19. Who appointedst the moon for seasons; The sun knoweth his going down.
104.24. How manifold are Thy works, O LORD! In wisdom hast Thou made them all; The earth is full of Thy creatures.''. None |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 1.13-1.14, 2.2, 54.11-54.14 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • burial, calendar • calendar • liturgical calendar
Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022) 446, 459; Fraade (2011) 257; Humphreys (2018) 557; Klein and Wienand (2022) 174; Neusner (2004) 293; Stuckenbruck (2007) 138
1.13. לֹא תוֹסִיפוּ הָבִיא מִנְחַת־שָׁוְא קְטֹרֶת תּוֹעֵבָה הִיא לִי חֹדֶשׁ וְשַׁבָּת קְרֹא מִקְרָא לֹא־אוּכַל אָוֶן וַעֲצָרָה׃ 1.14. חָדְשֵׁיכֶם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם שָׂנְאָה נַפְשִׁי הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח נִלְאֵיתִי נְשֹׂא׃
2.2. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יַשְׁלִיךְ הָאָדָם אֵת אֱלִילֵי כַסְפּוֹ וְאֵת אֱלִילֵי זְהָבוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ־לוֹ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺת לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִים׃
2.2. וְהָיָה בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים נָכוֹן יִהְיֶה הַר בֵּית־יְהוָה בְּרֹאשׁ הֶהָרִים וְנִשָּׂא מִגְּבָעוֹת וְנָהֲרוּ אֵלָיו כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם׃
54.11. עֲנִיָּה סֹעֲרָה לֹא נֻחָמָה הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי מַרְבִּיץ בַּפּוּךְ אֲבָנַיִךְ וִיסַדְתִּיךְ בַּסַּפִּירִים׃ 54.12. וְשַׂמְתִּי כַּדְכֹד שִׁמְשֹׁתַיִךְ וּשְׁעָרַיִךְ לְאַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח וְכָל־גְּבוּלֵךְ לְאַבְנֵי־חֵפֶץ׃ 54.13. וְכָל־בָּנַיִךְ לִמּוּדֵי יְהוָה וְרַב שְׁלוֹם בָּנָיִךְ׃ 54.14. בִּצְדָקָה תִּכּוֹנָנִי רַחֲקִי מֵעֹשֶׁק כִּי־לֹא תִירָאִי וּמִמְּחִתָּה כִּי לֹא־תִקְרַב אֵלָיִךְ׃''. None | 1.13. Bring no more vain oblations; It is an offering of abomination unto Me; New moon and sabbath, the holding of convocations— I cannot endure iniquity along with the solemn assembly. 1.14. Your new moons and your appointed seasons My soul hateth; They are a burden unto Me; I am weary to bear them.
2.2. And it shall come to pass in the end of days, That the mountain of the LORD’S house Shall be established as the top of the mountains, And shall be exalted above the hills; And all nations shall flow unto it.
54.11. O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will set thy stones in fair colours, And lay thy foundations with sapphires. 54.12. And I will make thy pinnacles of rubies, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy border of precious stones. 54.13. And all thy children shall be taught of the LORD; and great shall be the peace of thy children. 54.14. In righteousness shalt thou be established; be thou far from oppression, for thou shalt not fear, And from ruin, for it shall not come near thee.''. None |
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8. Hesiod, Works And Days, 383-765, 771, 813-826 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • agricultural calendar • cultic ritual practice, calendars and festivals • cultic ritual practice, sacrificial and festal calendars • inscriptions, sacrificial calendars • time, calendars
Found in books: Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 537, 541, 542; Kirichenko (2022) 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90
383. πληιάδων Ἀτλαγενέων ἐπιτελλομενάων'384. ἄρχεσθʼ ἀμήτου, ἀρότοιο δὲ δυσομενάων. 385. αἳ δή τοι νύκτας τε καὶ ἤματα τεσσαράκοντα 386. κεκρύφαται, αὖτις δὲ περιπλομένου ἐνιαυτοῦ 387. φαίνονται τὰ πρῶτα χαρασσομένοιο σιδήρου. 388. οὗτός τοι πεδίων πέλεται νόμος, οἵ τε θαλάσσης 389. ἐγγύθι ναιετάουσʼ, οἵ τʼ ἄγκεα βησσήεντα, 390. πόντου κυμαίνοντος ἀπόπροθι, πίονα χῶρον 391. ναίουσιν· γυμνὸν σπείρειν, γυμνὸν δὲ βοωτεῖν, 392. γυμνὸν δʼ ἀμάειν, εἴ χʼ ὥρια πάντʼ ἐθέλῃσθα 393. ἔργα κομίζεσθαι Δημήτερος· ὥς τοι ἕκαστα 394. ὥριʼ ἀέξηται, μή πως τὰ μέταζε χατίζων 395. πτώσσῃς ἀλλοτρίους οἴκους καὶ μηδὲν ἀνύσσῃς. 396. ὡς καὶ νῦν ἐπʼ ἔμʼ ἦλθες· ἐγὼ δέ τοι οὐκ ἐπιδώσω 397. οὐδʼ ἐπιμετρήσω· ἐργάζευ, νήπιε Πέρση, 398. ἔργα, τά τʼ ἀνθρώποισι θεοὶ διετεκμήραντο, 399. μή ποτε σὺν παίδεσσι γυναικί τε θυμὸν ἀχεύων 400. ζητεύῃς βίοτον κατὰ γείτονας, οἳ δʼ ἀμελῶσιν. 401. δὶς μὲν γὰρ καὶ τρὶς τάχα τεύξεαι· ἢν δʼ ἔτι λυπῇς, 402. χρῆμα μὲν οὐ πρήξεις, σὺ δʼ ἐτώσια πόλλʼ ἀγορεύσεις· 403. ἀχρεῖος δʼ ἔσται ἐπέων νομός. ἀλλά σʼ ἄνωγα 404. φράζεσθαι χρειῶν τε λύσιν λιμοῦ τʼ ἀλεωρήν. 405. οἶκον μὲν πρώτιστα γυναῖκά τε βοῦν τʼ ἀροτῆρα, 406. κτητήν, οὐ γαμετήν, ἥτις καὶ βουσὶν ἕποιτο, 407. χρήματα δʼ ἐν οἴκῳ πάντʼ ἄρμενα ποιήσασθαι, 408. μὴ σὺ μὲν αἰτῇς ἄλλον, ὃ δʼ ἀρνῆται, σὺ δὲ τητᾷ, 409. ἡ δʼ ὥρη παραμείβηται, μινύθῃ δὲ τὸ ἔργον. 410. μηδʼ ἀναβάλλεσθαι ἔς τʼ αὔριον ἔς τε ἔνηφιν· 411. οὐ γὰρ ἐτωσιοεργὸς ἀνὴρ πίμπλησι καλιὴν 412. οὐδʼ ἀναβαλλόμενος· μελέτη δὲ τὸ ἔργον ὀφέλλει· 413. αἰεὶ δʼ ἀμβολιεργὸς ἀνὴρ ἄτῃσι παλαίει. 414. ἦμος δὴ λήγει μένος ὀξέος ἠελίοιο 415. καύματος ἰδαλίμου, μετοπωρινὸν ὀμβρήσαντος 416. Ζηνὸς ἐρισθενέος, μετὰ δὲ τρέπεται βρότεος χρὼς 417. πολλὸν ἐλαφρότερος· δὴ γὰρ τότε Σείριος ἀστὴρ 418. βαιὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς κηριτρεφέων ἀνθρώπων 419. ἔρχεται ἠμάτιος, πλεῖον δέ τε νυκτὸς ἐπαυρεῖ· 420. τῆμος ἀδηκτοτάτη πέλεται τμηθεῖσα σιδήρῳ 421. ὕλη, φύλλα δʼ ἔραζε χέει, πτόρθοιό τε λήγει· 422. τῆμος ἄρʼ ὑλοτομεῖν μεμνημένος ὥρια ἔργα. 423. ὄλμον μὲν τριπόδην τάμνειν, ὕπερον δὲ τρίπηχυν, 424. ἄξονα δʼ ἑπταπόδην· μάλα γάρ νύ τοι ἄρμενον οὕτω· 425. εἰ δέ κεν ὀκταπόδην, ἀπὸ καὶ σφῦράν κε τάμοιο. 426. τρισπίθαμον δʼ ἄψιν τάμνειν δεκαδώρῳ ἀμάξῃ. 427. πόλλʼ ἐπικαμπύλα κᾶλα· φέρειν δὲ γύην, ὅτʼ ἂν εὕρῃς, 428. ἐς οἶκον, κατʼ ὄρος διζήμενος ἢ κατʼ ἄρουραν, 429. πρίνινον· ὃς γὰρ βουσὶν ἀροῦν ὀχυρώτατός ἐστιν, 430. εὖτʼ ἂν Ἀθηναίης δμῷος ἐν ἐλύματι πήξας 431. γόμφοισιν πελάσας προσαρήρεται ἱστοβοῆι. 432. δοιὰ δὲ θέσθαι ἄροτρα, πονησάμενος κατὰ οἶκον, 433. αὐτόγυον καὶ πηκτόν, ἐπεὶ πολὺ λώιον οὕτω· 434. εἴ χʼ ἕτερον ἄξαις, ἕτερόν κʼ ἐπὶ βουσὶ βάλοιο. 435. δάφνης δʼ ἢ πτελέης ἀκιώτατοι ἱστοβοῆες, 436. δρυὸς ἔλυμα, γύης πρίνου· βόε δʼ ἐνναετήρω 437. ἄρσενε κεκτῆσθαι, τῶν γὰρ σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν, 438. ἥβης μέτρον ἔχοντε· τὼ ἐργάζεσθαι ἀρίστω. 439. οὐκ ἂν τώ γʼ ἐρίσαντε ἐν αὔλακι κὰμ μὲν ἄροτρον 440. ἄξειαν, τὸ δὲ ἔργον ἐτώσιον αὖθι λίποιεν. 441. τοῖς δʼ ἅμα τεσσαρακονταετὴς αἰζηὸς ἕποιτο 442. ἄρτον δειπνήσας τετράτρυφον, ὀκτάβλωμον, 443. ὃς ἔργου μελετῶν ἰθεῖάν κʼ αὔλακʼ ἐλαύνοι, 444. μηκέτι παπταίνων μεθʼ ὁμήλικας, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ 445. θυμὸν ἔχων· τοῦ δʼ οὔτι νεώτερος ἄλλος ἀμείνων 446. σπέρματα δάσσασθαι καὶ ἐπισπορίην ἀλέασθαι. 447. κουρότερος γὰρ ἀνὴρ μεθʼ ὁμήλικας ἐπτοίηται. 448. φράζεσθαι δʼ, εὖτʼ ἂν γεράνου φωνὴν ἐπακούσῃς 449. ὑψόθεν ἐκ νεφέων ἐνιαύσια κεκληγυίης· 450. ἥτʼ ἀρότοιό τε σῆμα φέρει καὶ χείματος ὥρην 451. δεικνύει ὀμβρηροῦ· κραδίην δʼ ἔδακʼ ἀνδρὸς ἀβούτεω· 452. δὴ τότε χορτάζειν ἕλικας βόας ἔνδον ἐόντας· 453. ῥηίδιον γὰρ ἔπος εἰπεῖν· βόε δὸς καὶ ἄμαξαν· 454. ῥηίδιον δʼ ἀπανήνασθαι· πάρα ἔργα βόεσσιν. 455. φησὶ δʼ ἀνὴρ φρένας ἀφνειὸς πήξασθαι ἄμαξαν, 456. νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ οἶδʼ· ἑκατὸν δέ τε δούρατʼ ἀμάξης, 457. τῶν πρόσθεν μελέτην ἐχέμεν οἰκήια θέσθαι. 458. εὖτʼ ἂν δὲ πρώτιστʼ ἄροτος θνητοῖσι φανείῃ, 459. δὴ τότʼ ἐφορμηθῆναι ὁμῶς δμῶές τε καὶ αὐτὸς 460. αὔην καὶ διερὴν ἀρόων ἀρότοιο καθʼ ὥρην, 461. πρωὶ μάλα σπεύδων, ἵνα τοι πλήθωσιν ἄρουραι. 462. ἦρι πολεῖν· θέρεος δὲ νεωμένη οὔ σʼ ἀπατήσει. 463. νειὸν δὲ σπείρειν ἔτι κουφίζουσαν ἄρουραν· 464. νειὸς ἀλεξιάρη παίδων εὐκηλήτειρα. 465. εὔχεσθαι δὲ Διὶ χθονίῳ Δημήτερί θʼ ἁγνῇ, 466. ἐκτελέα βρίθειν Δημήτερος ἱερὸν ἀκτήν, 467. ἀρχόμενος τὰ πρῶτʼ ἀρότου, ὅτʼ ἂν ἄκρον ἐχέτλης 468. χειρὶ λαβὼν ὅρπηκα βοῶν ἐπὶ νῶτον ἵκηαι 469. ἔνδρυον ἑλκόντων μεσάβων. ὁ δὲ τυτθὸς ὄπισθε 470. δμῷος ἔχων μακέλην πόνον ὀρνίθεσσι τιθείη 471. σπέρμα κατακρύπτων· ἐυθημοσύνη γὰρ ἀρίστη 472. θνητοῖς ἀνθρώποις, κακοθημοσύνη δὲ κακίστη. 473. ὧδέ κεν ἀδροσύνῃ στάχυες νεύοιεν ἔραζε, 474. εἰ τέλος αὐτὸς ὄπισθεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐσθλὸν ὀπάζοι, 475. ἐκ δʼ ἀγγέων ἐλάσειας ἀράχνια· καί σε ἔολπα 476. γηθήσειν βιότου αἰρεύμενον ἔνδον ἐόντος. 477. εὐοχθέων δʼ ἵξεαι πολιὸν ἔαρ, οὐδὲ πρὸς ἄλλους 478. αὐγάσεαι· σέο δʼ ἄλλος ἀνὴρ κεχρημένος ἔσται. 479. εἰ δέ κεν ἠελίοιο τροπῇς ἀρόῳς χθόνα δῖαν, 480. ἥμενος ἀμήσεις ὀλίγον περὶ χειρὸς ἐέργων, 481. ἀντία δεσμεύων κεκονιμένος, οὐ μάλα χαίρων, 482. οἴσεις δʼ ἐν φορμῷ· παῦροι δέ σε θηήσονται. 483. ἄλλοτε δʼ ἀλλοῖος Ζηνὸς νόος αἰγιόχοιο, 484. ἀργαλέος δʼ ἄνδρεσσι καταθνητοῖσι νοῆσαι. 485. εἰ δέ κεν ὄψʼ ἀρόσῃς, τόδε κέν τοι φάρμακον εἴη· 486. ἦμος κόκκυξ κοκκύζει δρυὸς ἐν πετάλοισι 487. τὸ πρῶτον, τέρπει δὲ βροτοὺς ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν, 488. τῆμος Ζεὺς ὕοι τρίτῳ ἤματι μηδʼ ἀπολήγοι, 489. μήτʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερβάλλων βοὸς ὁπλὴν μήτʼ ἀπολείπων· 490. οὕτω κʼ ὀψαρότης πρῳηρότῃ ἰσοφαρίζοι. 491. ἐν θυμῷ δʼ εὖ πάντα φυλάσσεο· μηδέ σε λήθοι 492. μήτʼ ἔαρ γιγνόμενον πολιὸν μήθʼ ὥριος ὄμβρος. 493. πὰρ δʼ ἴθι χάλκειον θῶκον καὶ ἐπαλέα λέσχην 494. ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ, ὁπότε κρύος ἀνέρα ἔργων 495. ἰσχάνει, ἔνθα κʼ ἄοκνος ἀνὴρ μέγα οἶκον ὀφέλλοι, 496. μή σε κακοῦ χειμῶνος ἀμηχανίη καταμάρψῃ 497. σὺν πενίῃ, λεπτῇ δὲ παχὺν πόδα χειρὶ πιέζῃς. 498. πολλὰ δʼ ἀεργὸς ἀνήρ, κενεὴν ἐπὶ ἐλπίδα μίμνων, 499. χρηίζων βιότοιο, κακὰ προσελέξατο θυμῷ. 500. ἐλπὶς δʼ οὐκ ἀγαθὴ κεχρημένον ἄνδρα κομίζει, 501. ἥμενον ἐν λέσχῃ, τῷ μὴ βίος ἄρκιος εἴη. 502. δείκνυε δὲ δμώεσσι θέρευς ἔτι μέσσου ἐόντος· 503. οὐκ αἰεὶ θέρος ἐσσεῖται, ποιεῖσθε καλιάς. 504. μῆνα δὲ Ληναιῶνα, κάκʼ ἤματα, βουδόρα πάντα, 505. τοῦτον ἀλεύασθαι, καὶ πηγάδας, αἵτʼ ἐπὶ γαῖαν 506. πνεύσαντος Βορέαο δυσηλεγέες τελέθουσιν, 507. ὅστε διὰ Θρῄκης ἱπποτρόφου εὐρέι πόντῳ 508. ἐμπνεύσας ὤρινε· μέμυκε δὲ γαῖα καὶ ὕλη· 509. πολλὰς δὲ δρῦς ὑψικόμους ἐλάτας τε παχείας 510. οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς πιλνᾷ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ 511. ἐμπίπτων, καὶ πᾶσα βοᾷ τότε νήριτος ὕλη. 512. θῆρες δὲ φρίσσουσʼ, οὐρὰς δʼ ὑπὸ μέζεʼ ἔθεντο, 513. τῶν καὶ λάχνῃ δέρμα κατάσκιον· ἀλλά νυ καὶ τῶν 514. ψυχρὸς ἐὼν διάησι δασυστέρνων περ ἐόντων. 515. καί τε διὰ ῥινοῦ βοὸς ἔρχεται, οὐδέ μιν ἴσχει· 516. καί τε διʼ αἶγα ἄησι τανύτριχα· πώεα δʼ οὔ τι, 517. οὕνεκʼ ἐπηεταναὶ τρίχες αὐτῶν, οὐ διάησιν 518. ἲς ἀνέμου Βορέου· τροχαλὸν δὲ γέροντα τίθησιν. 519. καὶ διὰ παρθενικῆς ἁπαλόχροος οὐ διάησιν, 520. ἥτε δόμων ἔντοσθε φίλῃ παρὰ μητέρι μίμνει 521. οὔ πω ἔργα ἰδυῖα πολυχρύσου Ἀφροδίτης· 522. εὖ τε λοεσσαμένη τέρενα χρόα καὶ λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ 523. χρισαμένη μυχίη καταλέξεται ἔνδοθι οἴκου 524. ἤματι χειμερίῳ, ὅτʼ ἀνόστεος ὃν πόδα τένδει 525. ἔν τʼ ἀπύρῳ οἴκῳ καὶ ἤθεσι λευγαλέοισιν. 526. οὐδέ οἱ ἠέλιος δείκνυ νομὸν ὁρμηθῆναι· 527. ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ κυανέων ἀνδρῶν δῆμόν τε πόλιν τε 528. στρωφᾶται, βράδιον δὲ Πανελλήνεσσι φαείνει. 529. καὶ τότε δὴ κεραοὶ καὶ νήκεροι ὑληκοῖται 530. λυγρὸν μυλιόωντες ἀνὰ δρία βησσήεντα 531. φεύγουσιν· καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ τοῦτο μέμηλεν, 532. ὡς σκέπα μαιόμενοι πυκινοὺς κευθμῶνας ἔχωσι 533. καὶ γλάφυ πετρῆεν· τότε δὴ τρίποδι βροτῷ ἶσοι, 534. οὗ τʼ ἐπὶ νῶτα ἔαγε, κάρη δʼ εἰς οὖδας ὁρᾶται, 535. τῷ ἴκελοι φοιτῶσιν, ἀλευόμενοι νίφα λευκήν. 536. καὶ τότε ἕσσασθαι ἔρυμα χροός, ὥς σε κελεύω, 537. χλαῖνάν τε μαλακὴν καὶ τερμιόεντα χιτῶνα· 538. στήμονι δʼ ἐν παύρῳ πολλὴν κρόκα μηρύσασθαι· 539. τὴν περιέσσασθαι, ἵνα τοι τρίχες ἀτρεμέωσι, 540. μηδʼ ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν ἀειρόμεναι κατὰ σῶμα. 541. ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδιλα βοὸς ἶφι κταμένοιο 542. ἄρμενα δήσασθαι, πίλοις ἔντοσθε πυκάσσας. 543. πρωτογόνων δʼ ἐρίφων, ὁπότʼ ἂν κρύος ὥριον ἔλθῃ, 544. δέρματα συρράπτειν νεύρῳ βοός, ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ νώτῳ 545. ὑετοῦ ἀμφιβάλῃ ἀλέην· κεφαλῆφι δʼ ὕπερθεν 546. πῖλον ἔχειν ἀσκητόν, ἵνʼ οὔατα μὴ καταδεύῃ· 547. ψυχρὴ γάρ τʼ ἠὼς πέλεται Βορέαο πεσόντος 548. ἠώιος δʼ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος 549. ἀὴρ πυροφόρος τέταται μακάρων ἐπὶ ἔργοις· 550. ὅστε ἀρυσάμενος ποταμῶν ἄπο αἰεναόντων, 551. ὑψοῦ ὑπὲρ γαίης ἀρθεὶς ἀνέμοιο θυέλλῃ 552. ἄλλοτε μέν θʼ ὕει ποτὶ ἕσπερον, ἄλλοτʼ ἄησι 553. πυκνὰ Θρηικίου Βορέου νέφεα κλονέοντος. 554. τὸν φθάμενος ἔργον τελέσας οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι, 555. μή ποτέ σʼ οὐρανόθεν σκοτόεν νέφος ἀμφικαλύψῃ, 556. χρῶτα δὲ μυδαλέον θήῃ κατά θʼ εἵματα δεύσῃ. 557. ἀλλʼ ὑπαλεύασθαι· μεὶς γὰρ χαλεπώτατος οὗτος, 558. χειμέριος, χαλεπὸς προβάτοις, χαλεπὸς δʼ ἀνθρώποις. 559. τῆμος τὤμισυ βουσίν, ἐπʼ ἀνέρι δὲ πλέον εἴη 560. ἁρμαλιῆς· μακραὶ γὰρ ἐπίρροθοι εὐφρόναι εἰσίν. 561. ταῦτα φυλασσόμενος τετελεσμένον εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν 562. ἰσοῦσθαι νύκτας τε καὶ ἤματα, εἰσόκεν αὖτις 563. γῆ πάντων μήτηρ καρπὸν σύμμικτον ἐνείκῃ. 564. εὖτʼ ἂν δʼ ἑξήκοντα μετὰ τροπὰς ἠελίοιο 565. χειμέριʼ ἐκτελέσῃ Ζεὺς ἤματα, δή ῥα τότʼ ἀστὴρ 566. Ἀρκτοῦρος προλιπὼν ἱερὸν ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο 567. πρῶτον παμφαίνων ἐπιτέλλεται ἀκροκνέφαιος. 568. τὸν δὲ μέτʼ ὀρθογόη Πανδιονὶς ὦρτο χελιδὼν 569. ἐς φάος ἀνθρώποις, ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο. 570. τὴν φθάμενος οἴνας περταμνέμεν· ὣς γὰρ ἄμεινον. 571. ἀλλʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν φερέοικος ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἂμ φυτὰ βαίνῃ 572. Πληιάδας φεύγων, τότε δὴ σκάφος οὐκέτι οἰνέων· 573. ἀλλʼ ἅρπας τε χαρασσέμεναι καὶ δμῶας ἐγείρειν· 574. φεύγειν δὲ σκιεροὺς θώκους καὶ ἐπʼ ἠόα κοῖτον 575. ὥρῃ ἐν ἀμήτου, ὅτε τʼ ἠέλιος χρόα κάρφει. 576. τημοῦτος σπεύδειν καὶ οἴκαδε καρπὸν ἀγινεῖν 577. ὄρθρου ἀνιστάμενος, ἵνα τοι βίος ἄρκιος εἴη. 578. ἠὼς γὰρ ἔργοιο τρίτην ἀπομείρεται αἶσαν, 579. ἠώς τοι προφέρει μὲν ὁδοῦ, προφέρει δὲ καὶ ἔργου, 580. ἠώς, ἥτε φανεῖσα πολέας ἐπέβησε κελεύθου 581. ἀνθρώπους πολλοῖσί τʼ ἐπὶ ζυγὰ βουσὶ τίθησιν. 582. ἦμος δὲ σκόλυμός τʼ ἀνθεῖ καὶ ἠχέτα τέττιξ 583. δενδρέῳ ἐφεζόμενος λιγυρὴν καταχεύετʼ ἀοιδὴν 584. πυκνὸν ὑπὸ πτερύγων, θέρεος καματώδεος ὥρῃ, 585. τῆμος πιόταταί τʼ αἶγες καὶ οἶνος ἄριστος, 586. μαχλόταται δὲ γυναῖκες, ἀφαυρότατοι δέ τοι ἄνδρες 587. εἰσίν, ἐπεὶ κεφαλὴν καὶ γούνατα Σείριος ἄζει, 588. αὐαλέος δέ τε χρὼς ὑπὸ καύματος· ἀλλὰ τότʼ ἤδη 589. εἴη πετραίη τε σκιὴ καὶ βίβλινος οἶνος, 590. μάζα τʼ ἀμολγαίη γάλα τʼ αἰγῶν σβεννυμενάων, 591. καὶ βοὸς ὑλοφάγοιο κρέας μή πω τετοκυίης 592. πρωτογόνων τʼ ἐρίφων· ἐπὶ δʼ αἴθοπα πινέμεν οἶνον, 593. ἐν σκιῇ ἑζόμενον, κεκορημένον ἦτορ ἐδωδῆς, 594. ἀντίον ἀκραέος Ζεφύρου τρέψαντα πρόσωπα, 595. κρήνης τʼ αἰενάου καὶ ἀπορρύτου, ἥτʼ ἀθόλωτος, 596. τρὶς ὕδατος προχέειν, τὸ δὲ τέτρατον ἱέμεν οἴνου. 597. δμωσὶ δʼ ἐποτρύνειν Δημήτερος ἱερὸν ἀκτὴν 598. δινέμεν, εὖτʼ ἂν πρῶτα φανῇ σθένος Ὠαρίωνος, 599. χώρῳ ἐν εὐαέι καὶ ἐυτροχάλῳ ἐν ἀλωῇ. 600. μέτρῳ δʼ εὖ κομίσασθαι ἐν ἄγγεσιν· αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ 601. πάντα βίον κατάθηαι ἐπάρμενον ἔνδοθι οἴκου, 602. θῆτά τʼ ἄοικον ποιεῖσθαι καὶ ἄτεκνον ἔριθον 603. δίζησθαι κέλομαι· χαλεπὴ δʼ ὑπόπορτις ἔριθος· 604. καὶ κύνα καρχαρόδοντα κομεῖν, μὴ φείδεο σίτου, 605. μή ποτέ σʼ ἡμερόκοιτος ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ χρήμαθʼ ἕληται. 606. χόρτον δʼ ἐσκομίσαι καὶ συρφετόν, ὄφρα τοι εἴη 607. βουσὶ καὶ ἡμιόνοισιν ἐπηετανόν. αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα 608. δμῶας ἀναψῦξαι φίλα γούνατα καὶ βόε λῦσαι. 609. εὖτʼ ἂν δʼ Ὠαρίων καὶ Σείριος ἐς μέσον ἔλθῃ 610. οὐρανόν, Ἀρκτοῦρον δʼ ἐσίδῃ ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ηώς, 611. ὦ Πέρση, τότε πάντας ἀποδρέπεν οἴκαδε βότρυς· 612. δεῖξαι δʼ ἠελίῳ δέκα τʼ ἤματα καὶ δέκα νύκτας, 613. πέντε δὲ συσκιάσαι, ἕκτῳ δʼ εἰς ἄγγεʼ ἀφύσσαι 614. δῶρα Διωνύσου πολυγηθέος. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ 615. Πληιάδες θʼ Ὑάδες τε τό τε σθένος Ὠαρίωνος 616. δύνωσιν, τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀρότου μεμνημένος εἶναι 617. ὡραίου· πλειὼν δὲ κατὰ χθονὸς ἄρμενος εἶσιν. 618. εἰ δέ σε ναυτιλίης δυσπεμφέλου ἵμερος αἱρεῖ, 619. εὖτʼ ἂν Πληιάδες σθένος ὄβριμον Ὠαρίωνος 620. φεύγουσαι πίπτωσιν ἐς ἠεροειδέα πόντον, 621. δὴ τότε παντοίων ἀνέμων θυίουσιν ἀῆται· 622. καὶ τότε μηκέτι νῆας ἔχειν ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ, 623. γῆν ἐργάζεσθαι μεμνημένος, ὥς σε κελεύω. 624. νῆα δʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου ἐρύσαι πυκάσαι τε λίθοισι 625. πάντοθεν, ὄφρʼ ἴσχωσʼ ἀνέμων μένος ὑγρὸν ἀέντων, 626. χείμαρον ἐξερύσας, ἵνα μὴ πύθῃ Διὸς ὄμβρος. 627. ὅπλα δʼ ἐπάρμενα πάντα τεῷ ἐγκάτθεο οἴκῳ 628. εὐκόσμως στολίσας νηὸς πτερὰ ποντοπόροιο· 629. πηδάλιον δʼ ἐυεργὲς ὑπὲρ καπνοῦ κρεμάσασθαι. 630. αὐτὸς δʼ ὡραῖον μίμνειν πλόον, εἰσόκεν ἔλθῃ· 631. καὶ τότε νῆα θοὴν ἅλαδʼ ἑλκέμεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρτον 632. ἄρμενον ἐντύνασθαι, ἵνʼ οἴκαδε κέρδος ἄρηαι, 633. ὥς περ ἐμός τε πατὴρ καὶ σός, μέγα νήπιε Πέρσῃ, 634. πλωίζεσκʼ ἐν νηυσί, βίου κεχρημένος ἐσθλοῦ· 635. ὅς ποτε καὶ τῇδʼ ἦλθε, πολὺν διὰ πόντον ἀνύσσας, 636. Κύμην Αἰολίδα προλιπών, ἐν νηὶ μελαίνῃ· 637. οὐκ ἄφενος φεύγων οὐδὲ πλοῦτόν τε καὶ ὄλβον, 638. ἀλλὰ κακὴν πενίην, τὴν Ζεὺς ἄνδρεσσι δίδωσιν· 639. νάσσατο δʼ ἄγχʼ Ἑλικῶνος ὀιζυρῇ ἐνὶ κώμῃ, 640. Ἄσκρῃ, χεῖμα κακῇ, θέρει ἀργαλέῃ, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐσθλῇ. 641. τύνη δʼ, ὦ Πέρση, ἔργων μεμνημένος εἶναι 642. ὡραίων πάντων, περὶ ναυτιλίης δὲ μάλιστα. 643. νῆʼ ὀλίγην αἰνεῖν, μεγάλῃ δʼ ἐνὶ φορτία θέσθαι. 644. μείζων μὲν φόρτος, μεῖζον δʼ ἐπὶ κέρδεϊ κέρδος 645. ἔσσεται, εἴ κʼ ἄνεμοί γε κακὰς ἀπέχωσιν ἀήτας. 646. εὖτʼ ἂν ἐπʼ ἐμπορίην τρέψας ἀεσίφρονα θυμὸν 647. βούληαι χρέα τε προφυγεῖν καὶ λιμὸν ἀτερπέα, 648. δείξω δή τοι μέτρα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης, 649. οὔτε τι ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος οὔτε τι νηῶν. 650. οὐ γάρ πώ ποτε νηί γʼ ἐπέπλων εὐρέα πόντον, 651. εἰ μὴ ἐς Εὔβοιαν ἐξ Αὐλίδος, ᾗ ποτʼ Ἀχαιοὶ 652. μείναντες χειμῶνα πολὺν σὺν λαὸν ἄγειραν 653. Ἑλλάδος ἐξ ἱερῆς Τροίην ἐς καλλιγύναικα. 654. ἔνθα δʼ ἐγὼν ἐπʼ ἄεθλα δαΐφρονος Ἀμφιδάμαντος 655. Χαλκίδα τʼ εἲς ἐπέρησα· τὰ δὲ προπεφραδμένα πολλὰ 656. ἄεθλʼ ἔθεσαν παῖδες μεγαλήτορος· ἔνθα μέ φημι 657. ὕμνῳ νικήσαντα φέρειν τρίποδʼ ὠτώεντα. 658. τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ Μούσῃς Ἑλικωνιάδεσσʼ ἀνέθηκα, 659. ἔνθα με τὸ πρῶτον λιγυρῆς ἐπέβησαν ἀοιδῆς. 660. τόσσον τοι νηῶν γε πεπείρημαι πολυγόμφων· 661. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὣς ἐρέω Ζηνὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο· 662. Μοῦσαι γάρ μʼ ἐδίδαξαν ἀθέσφατον ὕμνον ἀείδειν. 663. ἤματα πεντήκοντα μετὰ τροπὰς ἠελίοιο, 664. ἐς τέλος ἐλθόντος θέρεος καματώδεος ὥρης, 665. ὡραῖος πέλεται θνητοῖς πλόος· οὔτε κε νῆα 666. καυάξαις οὔτʼ ἄνδρας ἀποφθείσειε θάλασσα, 667. εἰ δὴ μὴ πρόφρων γε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων 668. ἢ Ζεὺς ἀθανάτων βασιλεὺς ἐθέλῃσιν ὀλέσσαι· 669. ἐν τοῖς γὰρ τέλος ἐστὶν ὁμῶς ἀγαθῶν τε κακῶν τε. 670. τῆμος δʼ εὐκρινέες τʼ αὖραι καὶ πόντος ἀπήμων· 671. εὔκηλος τότε νῆα θοὴν ἀνέμοισι πιθήσας 672. ἑλκέμεν ἐς πόντον φόρτον τʼ ἐς πάντα τίθεσθαι, 673. σπεύδειν δʼ ὅττι τάχιστα πάλιν οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι· 674. μηδὲ μένειν οἶνόν τε νέον καὶ ὀπωρινὸν ὄμβρον 675. καὶ χειμῶνʼ ἐπιόντα Νότοιό τε δεινὰς ἀήτας, 676. ὅστʼ ὤρινε θάλασσαν ὁμαρτήσας Διὸς ὄμβρῳ 677. πολλῷ ὀπωρινῷ, χαλεπὸν δέ τε πόντον ἔθηκεν. 678. ἄλλος δʼ εἰαρινὸς πέλεται πλόος ἀνθρώποισιν· 679. ἦμος δὴ τὸ πρῶτον, ὅσον τʼ ἐπιβᾶσα κορώνη 680. ἴχνος ἐποίησεν, τόσσον πέταλʼ ἀνδρὶ φανείῃ 681. ἐν κράδῃ ἀκροτάτῃ, τότε δʼ ἄμβατός ἐστι θάλασσα· 682. εἰαρινὸς δʼ οὗτος πέλεται πλόος. οὔ μιν ἔγωγε 683. αἴνημʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἐμῷ θυμῷ κεχαρισμένος ἐστίν· 684. ἁρπακτός· χαλεπῶς κε φύγοις κακόν· ἀλλά νυ καὶ τὰ 685. ἄνθρωποι ῥέζουσιν ἀιδρείῃσι νόοιο· 686. χρήματα γὰρ ψυχὴ πέλεται δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσιν. 687. δεινὸν δʼ ἐστὶ θανεῖν μετὰ κύμασιν. ἀλλά σʼ ἄνωγα 688. φράζεσθαι τάδε πάντα μετὰ φρεσίν, ὡς ἀγορεύω. 689. μηδʼ ἐν νηυσὶν ἅπαντα βίον κοΐλῃσι τίθεσθαι· 690. ἀλλὰ πλέω λείπειν, τὰ δὲ μείονα φορτίζεσθαι. 691. δεινὸν γὰρ πόντου μετὰ κύμασι πήματι κύρσαι. 692. δεινὸν δʼ, εἴ κʼ ἐπʼ ἄμαξαν ὑπέρβιον ἄχθος ἀείρας 693. ἄξονα. καυάξαις καὶ φορτία μαυρωθείη. 694. μέτρα φυλάσσεσθαι· καιρὸς δʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἄριστος. 695. ὡραῖος δὲ γυναῖκα τεὸν ποτὶ οἶκον ἄγεσθαι, 696. μήτε τριηκόντων ἐτέων μάλα πόλλʼ ἀπολείπων 697. μήτʼ ἐπιθεὶς μάλα πολλά· γάμος δέ τοι ὥριος οὗτος· 698. ἡ δὲ γυνὴ τέτορʼ ἡβώοι, πέμπτῳ δὲ γαμοῖτο. 699. παρθενικὴν δὲ γαμεῖν, ὥς κʼ ἤθεα κεδνὰ διδάξῃς. 700. τὴν δὲ μάλιστα γαμεῖν, ἥ τις σέθεν ἐγγύθι ναίει, 701. πάντα μάλʼ ἀμφιιδών, μὴ γείτοσι χάρματα γήμῃς. 702. οὐ μὲν γάρ τι γυναικὸς ἀνὴρ ληίζετʼ ἄμεινον 703. τῆς ἀγαθῆς, τῆς δʼ αὖτε κακῆς οὐ ῥίγιον ἄλλο, 704. δειπνολόχης· ἥτʼ ἄνδρα καὶ ἴφθιμόν περ ἐόντα 705. εὕει ἄτερ δαλοῖο καὶ ὠμῷ γήραϊ δῶκεν. 706. εὖ δʼ ὄπιν ἀθανάτων μακάρων πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι. 707. μηδὲ κασιγνήτῳ ἶσον ποιεῖσθαι ἑταῖρον· 708. εἰ δέ κε ποιήσῃς, μή μιν πρότερος κακὸν ἔρξῃς. 709. μηδὲ ψεύδεσθαι γλώσσης χάριν· εἰ δὲ σέ γʼ ἄρχῃ 710. ἤ τι ἔπος εἰπὼν ἀποθύμιον ἠὲ καὶ ἔρξας, 711. δὶς τόσα τίνυσθαι μεμνημένος· εἰ δὲ σέ γʼ αὖτις 712. ἡγῆτʼ ἐς φιλότητα, δίκην δʼ ἐθέλῃσι παρασχεῖν, 713. δέξασθαι· δειλός τοι ἀνὴρ φίλον ἄλλοτε ἄλλον 714. ποιεῖται, σὲ δὲ μή τι νόον κατελεγχέτω εἶδος. 715. μηδὲ πολύξεινον μηδʼ ἄξεινον καλέεσθαι, 716. μηδὲ κακῶν ἕταρον μηδʼ ἐσθλῶν νεικεστῆρα. 717. μηδέ ποτʼ οὐλομένην πενίην θυμοφθόρον ἀνδρὶ 718. τέτλαθʼ ὀνειδίζειν, μακάρων δόσιν αἰὲν ἐόντων. 719. γλώσσης τοι θησαυρὸς ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἄριστος 720. φειδωλῆς, πλείστη δὲ χάρις κατὰ μέτρον ἰούσης. 721. εἰ δὲ κακὸν εἴποις, τάχα κʼ αὐτὸς μεῖζον ἀκούσαις. 722. μηδὲ πολυξείνου δαιτὸς δυσπέμφελος εἶναι 723. ἐκ κοινοῦ· πλείστη δὲ χάρις, δαπάνη τʼ ὀλιγίστη. 724. μηδέ ποτʼ ἐξ ἠοῦς Διὶ λειβέμεν αἴθοπα οἶνον 725. χερσὶν ἀνίπτοισιν μηδʼ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισιν· 726. οὐ γὰρ τοί γε κλύουσιν, ἀποπτύουσι δέ τʼ ἀράς. 727. μηδʼ ἄντʼ ἠελίου τετραμμένος ὀρθὸς ὀμιχεῖν· 728. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κε δύῃ, μεμνημένος, ἔς τʼ ἀνιόντα· 729. μήτʼ ἐν ὁδῷ μήτʼ ἐκτὸς ὁδοῦ προβάδην οὐρήσῃς 730. μηδʼ ἀπογυμνωθείς· μακάρων τοι νύκτες ἔασιν· 731. ἑζόμενος δʼ ὅ γε θεῖος ἀνήρ, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 732. ἢ ὅ γε πρὸς τοῖχον πελάσας ἐυερκέος αὐλῆς. 733. μηδʼ αἰδοῖα γονῇ πεπαλαγμένος ἔνδοθι οἴκου 734. ἱστίῃ ἐμπελαδὸν παραφαινέμεν, ἀλλʼ ἀλέασθαι. 735. μηδʼ ἀπὸ δυσφήμοιο τάφου ἀπονοστήσαντα 736. σπερμαίνειν γενεήν, ἀλλʼ ἀθανάτων ἀπὸ δαιτός. 737. μηδέ ποτʼ αἰενάων ποταμῶν καλλίρροον ὕδωρ 738. ποσσὶ περᾶν, πρίν γʼ εὔξῃ ἰδὼν ἐς καλὰ ῥέεθρα, 739. χεῖρας νιψάμενος πολυηράτῳ ὕδατι λευκῷ. 740. ὃς ποταμὸν διαβῇ κακότητʼ ἰδὲ χεῖρας ἄνιπτος, 741. τῷ δὲ θεοὶ νεμεσῶσι καὶ ἄλγεα δῶκαν ὀπίσσω. 742. μηδʼ ἀπὸ πεντόζοιο θεῶν ἐν δαιτὶ θαλείῃ 743. αὖον ἀπὸ χλωροῦ τάμνειν αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ. 744. μηδέ ποτʼ οἰνοχόην τιθέμεν κρητῆρος ὕπερθε 745. πινόντων· ὀλοὴ γὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μοῖρα τέτυκται. 746. μηδὲ δόμον ποιῶν ἀνεπίξεστον καταλείπειν, 747. μή τοι ἐφεζομένη κρώξῃ λακέρυζα κορώνη. 748. μηδʼ ἀπὸ χυτροπόδων ἀνεπιρρέκτων ἀνελόντα 749. ἔσθειν μηδὲ λόεσθαι· ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῖς ἔνι ποινή. 750. μηδʼ ἐπʼ ἀκινήτοισι καθιζέμεν, οὐ γὰρ ἄμεινον, 751. παῖδα δυωδεκαταῖον, ὅτʼ ἀνέρʼ ἀνήνορα ποιεῖ, 752. μηδὲ δυωδεκάμηνον· ἴσον καὶ τοῦτο τέτυκται. 753. μηδὲ γυναικείῳ λουτρῷ χρόα φαιδρύνεσθαι 754. ἀνέρα· λευγαλέη γὰρ ἐπὶ χρόνον ἔστʼ ἐπὶ καὶ τῷ 755. ποινή. μηδʼ ἱεροῖσιν ἐπʼ αἰθομένοισι κυρήσας 756. μωμεύειν ἀίδηλα· θεός νύ τι καὶ τὰ νεμεσσᾷ. 757. μηδέ ποτʼ ἐν προχοῇς ποταμῶν ἅλαδε προρεόντων 758. μηδʼ ἐπὶ κρηνάων οὐρεῖν, μάλα δʼ ἐξαλέασθαι· 759. μηδʼ ἐναποψύχειν· τὸ γὰρ οὔ τοι λώιόν ἐστιν. 760. ὧδʼ ἔρδειν· δεινὴν δὲ βροτῶν ὑπαλεύεο φήμην. 761. φήμη γάρ τε κακὴ πέλεται, κούφη μὲν ἀεῖραι 762. ῥεῖα μάλʼ, ἀργαλέη δὲ φέρειν, χαλεπὴ δʼ ἀποθέσθαι. 763. φήμη δʼ οὔτις πάμπαν ἀπόλλυται, ἥν τινα πολλοὶ 764. λαοὶ φημίξωσι· θεός νύ τίς ἐστι καὶ αὐτή. 765. Ἤματα δʼ ἐκ Διόθεν πεφυλαγμένος εὖ κατὰ μοῖραν
771. τῇ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα χρυσάορα γείνατο Λητώ·
813. ἀνέρι τʼ ἠδὲ γυναικί· καὶ οὔποτε πάγκακον ἦμαρ. 814. παῦροι δʼ αὖτε ἴσασι τρισεινάδα μηνὸς ἀρίστην 815. ἄρξασθαί τε πίθου καὶ ἐπὶ ζυγὸν αὐχένι θεῖναι 816. βουσὶ καὶ ἡμιόνοισι καὶ ἵπποις ὠκυπόδεσσι, 817. νῆα πολυκλήιδα θοὴν εἰς οἴνοπα πόντον 818. εἰρύμεναι· παῦροι δέ τʼ ἀληθέα κικλῄσκουσιν. 819. τετράδι δʼ οἶγε πίθον· περὶ πάντων ἱερὸν ἦμαρ 820. μέσση· παῦροι δʼ αὖτε μετʼ εἰκάδα μηνὸς ἀρίστην 821. ἠοῦς γιγνομένης· ἐπὶ δείελα δʼ ἐστὶ χερείων. 822. αἵδε μὲν ἡμέραι εἰσιν ἐπιχθονίοις μέγʼ ὄνειαρ, 823. αἱ δʼ ἄλλαι μετάδουποι, ἀκήριοι, οὔ τι φέρουσαι. 824. ἄλλος δʼ ἀλλοίην αἰνεῖ, παῦροι δὲ ἴσασιν. 825. ἄλλοτε μητρυιὴ πέλει ἡμέρη, ἄλλοτε μήτηρ. 826. τάων εὐδαίμων τε καὶ ὄλβιος, ὃς τάδε πάντα '. None | 383. And leave ferocious famine far behind;'384. If to a little you a little more 385. Should add and do this often, with great speed 386. It will expand. A man has little care 387. For what he has at home: there’s greater need 388. To guard his wealth abroad, while still his share 389. At home is safer. Taking from your store 390. Is good, but wanting something causes pain – 391. Think on this. Use thrift with the flagon’s core 392. But when you open it and then again 393. As it runs out, then take your fill – no need 394. For prudence with the lees. Allow no doubt 395. About a comrade’s wages; no, take heed 396. Even with your brother – smile and ferret out 397. A witness. Trust and mistrust both can kill. 398. Let not a dame, fawning and lascivious, 399. Dupe you - she wants your barn. Your trust is ill- 400. Placed in a woman – she’s perfidious. 401. An only child preserves his family 402. That wealth may grow. But if one leaves two heirs, 403. One must live longer. Zeus, though, easily 404. To larger houses gives great wealth. The care 405. And increase for more kindred greater grow. 406. If you want wealth, do this, add industry 407. To industry, and harvest what you sow 408. When Pleiades’ ascendancy you see, 409. And plough when they have set. They lurk concealed 410. For forty days and nights but then appear 411. In time when first your sickles for the field 412. You sharpen. This is true for dwellers near 413. The level plains and sea, and those who dwell 414. In woody glens far from the raging deep, 415. Those fertile lands; sow naked, plough, as well, 416. Unclothed, and harvest stripped if you would reap 417. Demeter’s work in season. Everything 418. Will then be done in time: in penury 419. You’ll not beg help at others’ homes and bring 420. Your own downfall. Thus now you come to me: 421. I’ll give you nothing. Practise industry, 422. Foolish Perses, which the gods have given men, 423. Lest, with their wives and children, dolefully 424. They seek food from their neighbours, who will then 425. Ignore them. Twice or thrice you may succeed, 426. But if you still harass them, you’ll achieve 427. Nothing and waste your words about your need. 428. I urge you, figure how you may relieve 429. Your need and cease your hunger. The first thing 430. That you must do is get a house, then find 431. A slave to help you with your furrowing, 432. Female, unwed, an ox to plough behind, 433. Then in the house prepare the things you’ll need; 434. Don’t borrow lest you be refused and lack 435. All means and, as the hours duly speed 436. Along, your labour’s lost. Do not push back 437. Your toil for just one day: don’t drag your feet 438. And fight with ruin evermore. No, when 439. You feel no more the fierce sun’s sweaty heat 440. And mighty Zeus sends autumn rain, why, then 441. We move more quickly – that’s the time when we 442. See Sirius travelling less above us all, 443. Poor wretches, using night more, and that tree 444. You cut has shed its foliage in the fall, 445. No longer sprouting, and is less replete 446. With worm-holes. Now’s the time to fell your trees. 447. Cut with a drilling-mortar of three feet 448. And pestle of three cubits: you must seize 449. A seven-foot axle – that’s a perfect fit 450. (You’ll make a hammerhead with one of eight). 451. To have a ten-palm wagon, make for it 452. Four three-foot wagon-wheels. Wood that’s not straight 453. Is useful – gather lots for use within: 454. At home or in the mountains search for it. 455. Holm-oak is strongest for the plough: the pin 456. Is fixed on it, on which the pole will sit, 457. By craftsmen of Athene. But make two 458. Within your house, of one piece and compressed. 459. That’s better - if one breaks the other you 460. May use. Sound elm or laurel are the best 461. For poles. The stock should be of oak, the beam 462. of holm-oak. Two bull oxen you should buy, 463. Both nine years old - a prime age, you may deem, 464. For strength. They toil the hardest nor will vie 465. In conflict in the furrows nor will break 466. The plough or leave the work undone. And now 467. A forty-year-old stalwart you should take 468. Who will, before he ventures out to plough, 469. Consume a quartered, eight-slice loaf, one who, 470. Skilled in his craft, will keep the furrow straight 471. Nor look around for comrades but stay true 472. To his pursuit. Born at a later date, 473. A man may never plough thus and may cause 474. A second sowing. Younger men, distract, 475. Will wink at comrades. Let this give you pause - 476. The crane’s high, yearly call means “time to act” 477. Start ploughing for it’s winter-time. It’s gall 478. To one who has no oxen: it will pay 479. To have horned oxen fattened in their stall. 480. It will be simple then for you to say 481. “Bring me my oxen and my wagon too”, 482. And it is also easy to reject 483. A friend and say “They have their work to do, 484. My oxen.” Merely mind-rich men expect 485. Their wagon’s made already, foolish men. 486. They don’t know that a hundred boards they’ll need. 487. Get all you need together and then, when 488. The ploughing term commences, with all speed, 489. You and your slaves, set out and plough straight through 490. The season, wet or dry; quick, at cockcrow, 491. That you may fill those furrows, plough; and you 492. Should plough in spring; the summer, should you go 493. On ploughing, won’t dismay you. Plough your field 494. When soil is light – such is a surety 495. For us and for our children forms a shield. 496. Pray, then, to Zeus, the god of husbandry, 497. And pure Demeter that she fill her grain. 498. First grab the handles of the plough and flick 499. The oxen as upon the straps they strain. 500. Then let a bondsman follow with a stick, 501. Close at your back, to hide the seed and cheat 502. The birds. For man good management’s supreme, 503. Bad management is worst. If you repeat 504. These steps, your fields of corn shall surely teem 505. With stalks which bow down low if in the end 506. Zeus brings a happy outcome and you’ve cleared 507. Your jars of cobwebs: then if you make fast 508. Your stores of food at home you will be cheered, 509. I think. You’ll be at ease until pale spring, 510. Nor will you gape at others – rather they’ll 511. Have need of you. Keep at your furrowing 512. Until the winter sun and surely fail 513. And reap sat down and seize within your hand 514. Your meagre crop and bind with dusty speed, 515. With many a frown, and take it from your land 516. Inside a basket, and few folk will waste 517. Their praise upon you. Aegis-bearing Zeu 518. Is changeable – his thoughts are hard to see. 519. If you plough late, this just may be of use: 520. When first the cuckoo calls on the oak-tree 521. And through the vast earth causes happiness, 522. Zeus rains non-stop for three days that the height 523. of flood’s an ox’s hoof, no more, no less: 524. That way the man who ploughs but late just might 525. Equal the early plougher. All this you 526. Must do, and don’t permit pale spring to take 527. You by surprise, the rainy season, too. 528. Round public haunts and smithies you should make 529. A detour during winter when the cold 530. Keeps men from work, for then a busy man 531. May serve his house. Let hardship not take hold, 532. Nor helplessness, through cruel winter’s span, 533. Nor rub your swollen foot with scrawny hand. 534. An idle man will often, while in vain 535. He hopes, lacking a living from his land, 536. Consider crime. A needy man will gain 537. Nothing from hope while sitting in the street 538. And gossiping, no livelihood in sight. 539. Say to your slaves in the midsummer heat: 540. “There won’t always be summer, shining bright – 541. Build barns.” Lenaion’s evil days, which gall 542. The oxen, guard yourself against. Beware 543. of hoar-frosts, too, which bring distress to all 544. When the North Wind blows, which blasts upon the air 545. In horse-rich Thrace and rouses the broad sea, 546. Making the earth and woods resound with wails. 547. He falls on many a lofty-leafed oak-tree 548. And on thick pines along the mountain-vale 549. And fecund earth, the vast woods bellowing. 550. The wild beasts, tails between their legs, all shake. 551. Although their shaggy hair is covering 552. Their hides, yet still the cold will always make 553. Their way straight through the hairiest beast. Straight through 554. An ox’s hide the North Wind blows and drill 555. Through long-haired goats. His strength, though, cannot do 556. Great harm to sheep who keep away all chill 557. With ample fleece. He makes old men stoop low 558. But soft-skinned maids he never will go through – 559. They stay indoors, who as yet do not know 560. Gold Aphrodite’s work, a comfort to 561. Their darling mothers, and their tender skin 562. They wash and smear with oil in winter’s space 563. And slumber in a bedroom far within 564. The house, when in his cold and dreadful place 565. The Boneless gnaws his foot (the sun won’t show 566. Him pastures but rotate around the land 567. of black men and for all the Greeks is slow 568. To brighten). That’s the time the hornèd and 569. The unhorned beasts of the wood flee to the brush, 570. Teeth all a-chatter, with one thought in mind – 571. To find some thick-packed shelter, p’raps a bush 572. Or hollow rock. Like one with head inclined 573. Towards the ground, spine shattered, with a stick 574. To hold him up, they wander as they try 575. To circumvent the snow. As I ordain, 576. Shelter your body, too, when snow is nigh – 577. A fleecy coat and, reaching to the floor, 578. A tunic. Both the warp and woof must you 579. Entwine but of the woof there must be more 580. Than of the warp. Don this, for, if you do, 581. Your hair stays still, not shaking everywhere. 582. Be stoutly shod with ox-hide boots which you 583. Must line with felt. In winter have a care 584. To sew two young kids’ hides to the sinew 585. of an ox to keep the downpour from your back, 586. A knit cap for your head to keep your ear 587. From getting wet. It’s freezing at the crack 588. of dawn, which from the starry sky appear 589. When Boreas drops down: then is there spread 590. A fruitful mist upon the land which fall 591. Upon the blessed fields and which is fed 592. By endless rivers, raised on high by squalls. 593. Sometimes it rains at evening, then again, 594. When the thickly-compressed clouds are animated 595. By Thracian Boreas, it blows hard. Then 596. It is the time, having anticipated 597. All this, to finish and go home lest you 598. Should be enwrapped by some dark cloud, heaven-sent, 599. Your flesh all wet, your clothing drenched right through. 600. This is the harshest month, both violent 601. And harsh to beast and man – so you have need 602. To be alert. Give to your men more fare 603. Than usual but halve your oxen’s feed. 604. The helpful nights are long, and so take care. 605. Keep at this till the year’s end when the day 606. And nights are equal and a diverse crop 607. Springs from our mother earth and winter’s phase 608. Is two months old and from pure Ocean’s top 609. Arcturus rises, shining, at twilight. 610. Into the light then Pandion’s progeny, 611. The high-voiced swallow, comes at the first sight 612. of spring. Before then, the best strategy 613. Is pruning of your vines. But when the snail 614. Climbs up the stems to flee the Pleiades, 615. Stop digging vineyards; now it’s of avail 616. To sharpen scythes and urge your men. Shun these 617. Two things – dark nooks and sleeping till cockcrow 618. At harvest-season when the sun makes dry 619. One’s skin. Bring in your crops and don’t be slow. 620. Rise early to secure your food supply. 621. For Dawn will cut your labour by a third, 622. Who aids your journey and you toil, through whom 623. Men find the road and put on many a herd 624. of oxen many a yoke. When thistles bloom 625. And shrill cicadas chirp up in the tree 626. Nonstop beneath their wings, into our view 627. Comes summer, harbinger of drudgery, 628. Goats at their fattest, wine its choicest, too, 629. The women at their lustiest, though men 630. Are at their very weakest, head and knee 631. Being dried up by Sirius, for then 632. Their skin is parched. It is at times like these 633. I crave some rocky shade and Bibline wine, 634. A hunk of cheese, goat’s milk, meat from a beast 635. That’s pasture-fed, uncalved, or else I pine 636. For new-born kids. Contented with my feast, 637. I sit and drink the wine, so sparkling, 638. Facing the strong west wind, there in the shade, 639. And pour three-fourths of water from the spring, 640. A spring untroubled that will never fade, 641. Then urge your men to sift the holy corn 642. of Demeter, when Orion first we see 643. In all his strength, upon the windy, worn 644. Threshing-floor. Then measure well the quantity 645. And take it home in urns. Now I urge you 646. To stockpile all your year’s supplies inside. 647. Dismiss your hired man and then in lieu 648. Seek out a childless maid (you won’t abide 649. One who is nursing). You must take good care 650. of your sharp-toothed dog; do not scant his meat 651. In case The One Who Sleeps by Day should dare 652. To steal your goods. Let there be lots to eat 653. For both oxen and mules, and litter, too. 654. Unyoke your team and grant a holiday. 655. When rosy-fingered Dawn first gets a view 656. of Arcturus and across the sky halfway 657. Come Sirius and Orion, pluck your store 658. of grapes and bring them home; then to the sun 659. Expose them for ten days, then for five more 660. Conceal them in the dark; when this is done, 661. Upon the sixth begin to pour in jar 662. Glad Bacchus’ gift. When strong Orion’s set 663. And back into the sea decline the star 664. Pleiades and Hyades, it’s time to get 665. Your plough out, Perses. Then, as it should be, 666. The year is finished. If on stormy sea 667. You long to sail, when into the dark, 668. To flee Orion’s rain, the Pleiade 669. Descend, abundant winds will blow: forbear 670. To keep at that time on the wine-dark sea 671. Your ships, but work your land with earnest care, 672. As I ordain. So that the potency 673. of the wet winds may not affect your craft, 674. You must protect it on dry land, and tamp 675. It tight with stones on both sides, fore and aft. 676. Take out the plug that Zeus’s rain won’t damp 677. And rot the wood. The tackle store inside 678. And neatly fold the sails and then suspend 679. The well-made rudder over smoke, then bide 680. Your time until the season’s at an end 681. And you may sail. Then take down to the sea 682. Your speedy ship and then prepare the freight 683. To guarantee a gain, as formerly 684. Our father would his vessels navigate. 685. In earnest, foolish Perses, to posse 686. Great riches, once he journeyed to this place 687. From Cyme, fleeing not wealth or succe 688. But grinding poverty, which many face 689. At Zeus’s hands. Near Helicon he dwelt 690. In a wretched village, Ascra, most severe 691. In winter, though an equal woe one felt 692. In summer, goods at no time. Perses, hear 693. My words – of every season’s toil take care, 694. Particularly sailing. Sure, approve 695. A little ship but let a large one bear 696. Your merchandise – the more of this you move, 697. The greater gain you make so long as you 698. Avoid strong winds. When you have turned to trade 699. Your foolish mind, in earnest to eschew 700. Distressful want and debits yet unpaid, 701. The stretches of the loud-resounding sea 702. I’ll teach you, though of everything marine 703. I am unlearned: yet on no odyssey 704. Upon the spacious ocean have I been – 705. Just to Euboea from Aulis (the great host 706. of Greeks here waited out the stormy gale, 707. Who went from holy Greece to Troy, whose boast 708. Is comely women). I myself took sail 709. To Chalchis for the games of the geniu 710. Archidamas: for many games had been 711. Arranged by children of that glorious, 712. Great man and advertised. I scored a win 713. For song and brought back home my accolade, 714. A two-eared tripod which I dedicated 715. To the Muses there in Helicon (I made 716. My debut there when I participated 717. In lovely song). Familiarity 718. With ships for me to this has been confined. 719. But since the Muses taught singing to me, 720. I’ll tell you aegis-bearing Zeus’s mind. 721. When fifty days beyond the solstice go 722. And toilsome summer’s ending, mortals can 723. Set sail upon the ocean, which will no 724. Seafarers slaughter, nor will any man 725. Shatter his ship, unless such is the will 726. of earth-shaking Poseidon or our king, 727. Lord Zeus, who always judge both good and ill. 728. The sea is tranquil then, unwavering 729. The winds. Trust these and drag down to the sea 730. Your ship with confidence and place all freight 731. On board and then as swiftly as may be 732. Sail home and for the autumn rain don’t wait 733. Or fast-approaching blizzards, new-made wine, 734. The South Wind’s dreadful blasts – he stirs the sea 735. And brings downpours in spring and makes the brine 736. Inclement. Spring, too, grants humanity 737. The chance to sail. When first some leaves are seen 738. On fig-tree-tops, as tiny as the mark 739. A raven leaves, the sea becomes serene 740. For sailing. Though spring bids you to embark, 741. I’ll not praise it – it does not gladden me. 742. It’s hazardous, for you’ll avoid distre 743. With difficulty thus. Imprudently 744. Do men sail at that time – covetousne 745. Is their whole life, the wretches. For the sea 746. To take your life is dire. Listen to me: 747. Don’t place aboard all your commodities – 748. Leave most behind, place a small quantity 749. Aboard. To tax your cart too much and break 750. An axle, losing all, will bring distress. 751. Be moderate, for everyone should take 752. An apt approach. When you’re in readiness, 753. Get married. Thirty years, or very near, 754. Is apt for marriage. Now, past puberty 755. Your bride should go four years: in the fifth year 756. Wed her. That you may teach her modesty 757. Marry a maid. The best would be one who 758. Lives near you, but you must with care look round 759. Lest neighbours make a laughingstock of you. 760. A better choice for men cannot be found 761. Than a good woman, nor a worse one than 762. One who’s unworthy, say a sponging mare 763. Who will, without a torch, burn up a man 764. And bring him to a raw old age. Beware 765. of angering the blessed ones – your friend
771. Your friend and pay the price for his offence,
813. Therefore don’t eat or wash from it. Permit 814. No twelve-year- or twelve-month-old to be sat 815. Upon a sacred monument, for it 816. Will make him womanish, and make sure that 817. You don’t wash in a basin that has been 818. Just handled by a woman – punishment, 819. Should you do this, will for a time be keen. 820. If you should find a sacrifice unspent 821. of flame, do not belittle things that we 822. Know nothing of – a god is angered thus. 823. In springs or rivers flowing to the sea 824. Don’t urinate – this point is serious. 825. It’s better not to vent your bowels there: 826. Thus you’ll stay fee of mortals’ wicked chat, '. None |
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9. None, None, nan (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Judean Calendar Plaques • calendar • solar (calendar)
Found in books: Ganzel and Holtz (2020) 3; Piotrkowski (2019) 384, 396
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10. Hebrew Bible, 1 Chronicles, 24.7-24.18 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Calendars, Lunar • Calendars, Solar • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendars, mishmarot
Found in books: Beyerle and Goff (2022) 71; Bowen and Rochberg (2020) 536; Fraade (2011) 270, 271
24.7. וַיֵּצֵא הַגּוֹרָל הָרִאשׁוֹן לִיהוֹיָרִיב לִידַעְיָה הַשֵּׁנִי׃ 24.8. לְחָרִם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לִשְׂעֹרִים הָרְבִעִי׃ 24.9. לְמַלְכִּיָּה הַחֲמִישִׁי לְמִיָּמִן הַשִּׁשִּׁי׃' '24.11. לְיֵשׁוּעַ הַתְּשִׁעִי לִשְׁכַנְיָהוּ הָעֲשִׂרִי׃ 24.12. לְאֶלְיָשִׁיב עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר לְיָקִים שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר׃ 24.13. לְחֻפָּה שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר לְיֶשֶׁבְאָב אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר׃ 24.14. לְבִלְגָּה חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר לְאִמֵּר שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר׃ 24.15. לְחֵזִיר שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר לְהַפִּצֵּץ שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר׃ 24.16. לִפְתַחְיָה תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר לִיחֶזְקֵאל הָעֶשְׂרִים׃ 24.17. לְיָכִין אֶחָד וְעֶשְׂרִים לְגָמוּל שְׁנַיִם וְעֶשְׂרִים׃ 24.18. לִדְלָיָהוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה וְעֶשְׂרִים לְמַעַזְיָהוּ אַרְבָּעָה וְעֶשְׂרִים׃''. None | 24.7. Now the first lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah; 24.8. the third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim; 24.9. the fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin; 24.10. the seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah; 24.11. the ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah; 24.12. the eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim; 24.13. the thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab; 24.14. the fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer; 24.15. the seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Happizzez; 24.16. the nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezkel; 24.17. the one and twentieth to Jachin, the two and twentieth to Gamul; 24.18. the three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four and twentieth to Maaziah.''. None |
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11. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • assembly, calendar • calendar • calendars, sacred
Found in books: Gagné (2020) 345; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 16
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12. Aeschines, Letters, 1.23 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Solon, calendar of • calendars, sacred • calendars, sacred, of Nicomachus
Found in books: Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 22; Mikalson (2016) 169, 170, 191
| 1.23. After the purifying sacrifice has been carried round“It was custom at Athens to purify the ecclesia, the theatres, and the gatherings of the people in general by the sacrifice of very small pigs, which they named kaqa/rsia.”—Harpocration and the herald has offered the traditional prayers, the presiding officers are commanded to declare to be next in order the discussion of matters pertaining to the national religion, the reception of heralds and ambassadors, and the discussion of secular matters.The above interpretation is confirmed by Aristot. Const. Ath. 43.1.29 f., where we find the same phraseology, evidently that of the law itself. Heralds, whose person was inviolate even in time of war, were often sent to carry messages from one state to another. They frequently prepared the way for negotiations to be conducted by ambassadors, appointed for the special occasion. The herald then asks, “Who of those above fifty years of age wishes to address the assembly?” When all these have spoken, he then invites any other Athenian to speak who wishes (provided such privileges belongs to him).That is, any citizen who is not disqualified by some loss of civic privilege inflicted as a penalty. Aeschines has in mind the fact that a man like Timarchus would not have the privilege. ''. None |
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13. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Erchia, sacrificial calendar from deme • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • Solon, calendar of • calendars, sacred • calendars, sacred, of Marathon Tetrapolis • calendars, sacred, of Nicomachus
Found in books: Ekroth (2013) 241; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 22; Mikalson (2016) 60, 167, 170, 191; Papazarkadas (2011) 80
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14. Anon., 1 Enoch, 72, 73, 73.1-74.9, 74, 75, 75.2, 76, 77, 78, 78.15, 78.16, 79, 80, 81, 82, 82.4, 82.5, 82.6, 82.7, 82.9, 82.10, 82.11, 82.12, 82.13, 82.14, 82.15, 82.16, 82.17, 82.18, 82.19, 82.20 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Calendars • Calendars, Solar • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendars, Hebrew • calendars, lunar • calendars, solar
Found in books: Beyerle and Goff (2022) 173, 177, 419; Bowen and Rochberg (2020) 530, 531; Fraade (2011) 258, 261, 282; Rowland (2009) 47, 319; Stuckenbruck (2007) 7, 84, 151, 229
| 72. The book of the courses of the luminaries of the heaven, the relations of each, according to their classes, their dominion and their seasons, according to their names and places of origin, and according to their months, which Uriel, the holy angel, who was with me, who is their guide, showed me; and he showed me all their laws exactly as they are, and how it is with regard to all the years of the world,and unto eternity, till the new creation is accomplished which dureth till eternity. And this is the first law of the luminaries: the luminary the Sun has its rising in the eastern portals of the heaven,,and its setting in the western portals of the heaven. And I saw six portals in which the sun rises, and six portals in which the sun sets and the moon rises and sets in these portals, and the leaders of the stars and those whom they lead: six in the east and six in the west, and all following each other,in accurately corresponding order: also many windows to the right and left of these portals. And first there goes forth the great luminary, named the Sun, and his circumference is like the,circumference of the heaven, and he is quite filled with illuminating and heating fire. The chariot on which he ascends, the wind drives, and the sun goes down from the heaven and returns through the north in order to reach the east, and is so guided that he comes to the appropriate (lit. \' that \') portal and,shines in the face of the heaven. In this way he rises in the first month in the great portal, which,is the fourth those six portals in the cast. And in that fourth portal from which the sun rises in the first month are twelve window-openings, from which proceed a flame when they are opened in,their season. When the sun rises in the heaven, he comes forth through that fourth portal thirty,,mornings in succession, and sets accurately in the fourth portal in the west of the heaven. And during this period the day becomes daily longer and the night nightly shorter to the thirtieth,morning. On that day the day is longer than the night by a ninth part, and the day amounts exactly to ten parts and the night to eight parts. And the sun rises from that fourth portal, and sets in the fourth and returns to the fifth portal of the east thirty mornings, and rises from it and sets in the fifth,portal. And then the day becomes longer by two parts and amounts to eleven parts, and the night,becomes shorter and amounts to seven parts. And it returns to the east and enters into the sixth",portal, and rises and sets in the sixth portal one-and-thirty mornings on account of its sign. On that day the day becomes longer than the night, and the day becomes double the night, and the day,becomes twelve parts, and the night is shortened and becomes six parts. And the sun mounts up to make the day shorter and the night longer, and the sun returns to the east and enters into the,sixth portal, and rises from it and sets thirty mornings. And when thirty mornings are accomplished,,the day decreases by exactly one part, and becomes eleven parts, and the night seven. And the sun goes forth from that sixth portal in the west, and goes to the east and rises in the fifth portal for,thirty mornings, and sets in the west again in the fifth western portal. On that day the day decreases by two parts, and amounts to ten parts and the night to eight parts. And the sun goes forth from that fifth portal and sets in the fifth portal of the west, and rises in the fourth portal for one-,and-thirty mornings on account of its sign, and sets in the west. On that day the day is equalized with the night, and becomes of equal length, and the night amounts to nine parts and the day to,nine parts. And the sun rises from that portal and sets in the west, and returns to the east and rises,thirty mornings in the third portal and sets in the west in the third portal. And on that day the night becomes longer than the day, and night becomes longer than night, and day shorter than day till the thirtieth morning, and the night amounts exactly to ten parts and the day to eight,parts. And the sun rises from that third portal and sets in the third portal in the west and returns to the east, and for thirty mornings rises,in the second portal in the east, and in like manner sets in the second portal in the west of the heaven. And on that day the night amounts to eleven,parts and the day to seven parts. And the sun rises on that day from that second portal and sets in the west in the second portal, and returns to the east into the first portal for one-and-thirty,mornings, and sets in the first portal in the west of the heaven. And on that day the night becomes longer and amounts to the double of the day: and the night amounts exactly to twelve parts and,the day to six. And the sun has (therewith) traversed the divisions of his orbit and turns again on those divisions of his orbit, and enters that portal thirty mornings and sets also in the west,opposite to it. And on that night has the night decreased in length by a ninth part, and the night,has become eleven parts and the day seven parts. And the sun has returned and entered into the second portal in the east, and returns on those his divisions of his orbit for thirty mornings, rising,and setting. And on that day the night decreases in length, and the night amounts to ten parts,and the day to eight. And on that day the sun rises from that portal, and sets in the west, and returns to the east, and rises in the third portal for one-and-thirty mornings, and sets in the west of the heaven.,On that day the night decreases and amounts to nine parts, and the day to nine parts, and the night,is equal to the day and the year is exactly as to its days three hundred and sixty-four. And the length of the day and of the night, and the shortness of the day and of the night arise-through the course,of the sun these distinctions are made (lit. \' they are separated \'). So it comes that its course becomes",daily longer, and its course nightly shorter. And this is the law and the course of the sun, and his return as often as he returns sixty times and rises, i.e. the great luminary which is named the sun, for ever and ever. And that which (thus) rises is the great luminary, and is so named according to,its appearance, according as the Lord commanded. As he rises, so he sets and decreases not, and rests not, but runs day and night, and his light is sevenfold brighter than that of the moon; but as regards size they are both equal.
73. And after this law I saw another law dealing with the smaller luminary, which is named the Moon. And her circumference is like the circumference of the heaven, and her chariot in which she rides is driven by the wind, and light is given to her in (definite) measure. And her rising and setting change every month: and her days are like the days of the sun, and when her light is uniform (i.e. full) it amounts to the seventh part of the light of the sun. And thus she rises. And her first phase in the east comes forth on the thirtieth morning: and on that day she becomes visible, and constitutes for you the first phase of the moon on the thirtieth day together with the sun in the portal where the sun rises. And the one half of her goes forth by a seventh part, and her whole circumference is empty, without light, with the exception of one-seventh part of it, (and) the,fourteenth part of her light. And when she receives one-seventh part of the half of her light, her light,amounts to one-seventh part and the half thereof. And she sets with the sun, and when the sun rises the moon rises with him and receives the half of one part of light, and in that night in the beginning of her morning in the commencement of the lunar day the moon sets with the sun, and,is invisible that night with the fourteen parts and the half of one of them. And she rises on that day with exactly a seventh part, and comes forth and recedes from the rising of the sun, and in her remaining days she becomes bright in the (remaining) thirteen parts.
74. And I saw another course, a law for her, (and) how according to that law she performs her monthly,revolution. And all these Uriel, the holy angel who is the leader of them all, showed to me, and their positions, and I wrote down their positions as he showed them to me, and I wrote down their months,as they were, and the appearance of their lights till fifteen days were accomplished. In single seventh parts she accomplishes all her light in the east, and in single seventh parts accomplishes all her,darkness in the west. And in certain months she alters her settings, and in certain months she pursues,her own peculiar course. In two months the moon sets with the sun: in those two middle portals the",third and the fourth. She goes forth for seven days, and turns about and returns again through the portal where the sun rises, and accomplishes all her light: and she recedes from the sun, and in eight,days enters the sixth portal from which the sun goes forth. And when the sun goes forth from the fourth portal she goes forth seven days, until she goes forth from the fifth and turns back again in seven days into the fourth portal and accomplishes all her light: and she recedes and enters into the,first portal in eight days. And she returns again in seven days into the fourth portal from which the",sun goes forth. Thus I saw their position -how the moons rose and the sun set in those days. And if five years are added together the sun has an overplus of thirty days, and all the days which accrue,to it for one of those five years, when they are full, amount to,days. And the overplus of the sun and of the stars amounts to six days: in",years",days every year come to",days: and the",moon falls behind the sun and stars to the number of",days. And the sun and the stars bring in all the years exactly, so that they do not advance or delay their position by a single day unto eternity; but complete the years with perfect justice in,days. In",years there are",days, and in,years",days, so that in,years there are",days. For the moon alone the days amount in",years to",days, and in,years she falls",days behind: i.e. to the sum (of",there is",to be added (1,000 and),days. And in",years there are",days, so that for the moon the days,in",years amount to",days. For in",years she falls behind to the amount of",days, all the,days she falls behind in",years are",And the year is accurately completed in conformity with their world-stations and the stations of the sun, which rise from the portals through which it (the sun) rises and sets,days."' "
75.2. reckoned in the reckoning of the year. And owing to them men go wrong therein, for those luminaries truly render service on the world-stations, one in the first portal, one in the third portal of the heaven, one in the fourth portal, and one in the sixth portal, and the exactness of the year i
75. And the leaders of the heads of the thousands, who are placed over the whole creation and over all the stars, have also to do with the four intercalary days, being inseparable from their office, according to the reckoning of the year, and these render service on the four days which are not,reckoned in the reckoning of the year. And owing to them men go wrong therein, for those luminaries truly render service on the world-stations, one in the first portal, one in the third portal of the heaven, one in the fourth portal, and one in the sixth portal, and the exactness of the year is,accomplished through its separate three hundred and sixty-four stations. For the signs and the times and the years and the days the angel Uriel showed to me, whom the Lord of glory hath set for ever over all the luminaries of the heaven, in the heaven and in the world, that they should rule on the face of the heaven and be seen on the earth, and be leaders for the day and the night, i.e. the sun, moon, and stars, and all the ministering creatures which make their revolution in all the chariots,of the heaven. In like manner twelve doors Uriel showed me, open in the circumference of the sun's chariot in the heaven, through which the rays of the sun break forth: and from them is warmth,diffused over the earth, when they are opened at their appointed seasons. And for the winds and,the spirit of the dew when they are opened, standing open in the heavens at the ends. As for the twelve portals in the heaven, at the ends of the earth, out of which go forth the sun, moon, and stars,,and all the works of heaven in the east and in the west, There are many windows open to the left and right of them, and one window at its (appointed) season produces warmth, corresponding (as these do) to those doors from which the stars come forth according as He has commanded them,,and wherein they set corresponding to their number. And I saw chariots in the heaven, running,in the world, above those portals in which revolve the stars that never set. And one is larger than all the rest, and it is that that makes its course through the entire world." '
76. And at the ends of the earth I saw twelve portals open to all the quarters (of the heaven), from,which the winds go forth and blow over the earth. Three of them are open on the face (i.e. the east) of the heavens, and three in the west, and three on the right (i.e. the south) of the heaven, and,three on the left (i.e. the north). And the three first are those of the east, and three are of the,north, and three after those on the left of the south, and three of the west. Through four of these come winds of blessing and prosperity, and from those eight come hurtful winds: when they are sent, they bring destruction on all the earth and on the water upon it, and on all who dwell thereon, and on everything which is in the water and on the land.,And the first wind from those portals, called the east wind, comes forth through the first portal which is in the east, inclining towards the south: from it come forth desolation, drought, heat,,and destruction. And through the second portal in the middle comes what is fitting, and from it there come rain and fruitfulness and prosperity and dew; and through the third portal which lies toward the north come cold and drought.,And after these come forth the south winds through three portals: through the first portal of",them inclining to the east comes forth a hot wind. And through the middle portal next to it there",come forth fragrant smells, and dew and rain, and prosperity and health. And through the third portal lying to the west come forth dew and rain, locusts and desolation.,And after these the north winds: from the seventh portal in the east come dew and rain, locusts and desolation. And from the middle portal come in a direct direction health and rain and dew and prosperity; and through the third portal in the west come cloud and hoar-frost, and snow and rain, and dew and locusts.,And after these four are the west winds: through the first portal adjoining the north come forth dew and hoar-frost, and cold and snow and frost. And from the middle portal come forth dew and rain, and prosperity and blessing; and through the last portal which adjoins the south come forth drought and desolation, and burning and destruction. And the twelve portals of the four quarters of the heaven are therewith completed, and all their laws and all their plagues and all their benefactions have I shown to thee, my son Methuselah.
77. And the first quarter is called the east, because it is the first: and the second, the south, because the Most High will descend there, yea, there in quite a special sense will He who is blessed for ever,descend. And the west quarter is named the diminished, because there all the luminaries of the,heaven wane and go down. And the fourth quarter, named the north, is divided into three parts: the first of them is for the dwelling of men: and the second contains seas of water, and the abysses and forests and rivers, and darkness and clouds; and the third part contains the garden of righteousness.,I saw seven high mountains, higher than all the mountains which are on the earth: and thence,comes forth hoar-frost, and days, seasons, and years pass away. I saw seven rivers on the earth larger than all the rivers: one of them coming from the west pours its waters into the Great Sea.,And these two come from the north to the sea and pour their waters into the Erythraean Sea in the",east. And the remaining, four come forth on the side of the north to their own sea, two of them to the Erythraean Sea, and two into the Great Sea and discharge themselves there and some say:,into the desert. Seven great islands I saw in the sea and in the mainland: two in the mainland and five in the Great Sea."
78. And the names of the sun are the following: the first Orjares, and the second Tomas. And the moon has four names: the first name is Asonja, the second Ebla, the third Benase, and the fourth,Erae. These are the two great luminaries: their circumference is like the circumference of the",heaven, and the size of the circumference of both is alike. In the circumference of the sun there are seven portions of light which are added to it more than to the moon, and in definite measures it is s transferred till the seventh portion of the sun is exhausted. And they set and enter the portals of the west, and make their revolution by the north, and come forth through the eastern portals,on the face of the heaven. And when the moon rises one-fourteenth part appears in the heaven:",the light becomes full in her: on the fourteenth day she accomplishes her light. And fifteen parts of light are transferred to her till the fifteenth day (when) her light is accomplished, according to the sign of the year, and she becomes fifteen parts, and the moon grows by (the addition of) fourteenth,parts. And in her waning (the moon) decreases on the first day to fourteen parts of her light, on the second to thirteen parts of light, on the third to twelve, on the fourth to eleven, on the fifth to ten, on the sixth to nine, on the seventh to eight, on the eighth to seven, on the ninth to six, on the tenth to five, on the eleventh to four, on the twelfth to three, on the thirteenth to two, on the,fourteenth to the half of a seventh, and all her remaining light disappears wholly on the fifteenth. And,in certain months the month has twenty-nine days and once twenty-eight. And Uriel showed me another law: when light is transferred to the moon, and on which side it is transferred to her by the sun. During all the period during which the moon is growing in her light, she is transferring it to herself when opposite to the sun during fourteen days her light is accomplished in the heaven,,and when she is illumined throughout, her light is accomplished full in the heaven. And on the first,day she is called the new moon, for on that day the light rises upon her. She becomes full moon exactly on the day when the sun sets in the west, and from the east she rises at night, and the moon shines the whole night through till the sun rises over against her and the moon is seen over against the sun. On the side whence the light of the moon comes forth, there again she wanes till all the light vanishes and all the days of the month are at an end, and her circumference is empty, void of,light. And three months she makes of thirty days, and at her time she makes three months of twenty- nine days each, in which she accomplishes her waning in the first period of time, and in the first,portal for one hundred and seventy-seven days. And in the time of her going out she appears for three months (of) thirty days each, and for three months she appears (of) twenty-nine each. At night she appears like a man for twenty days each time, and by day she appears like the heaven, and there is nothing else in her save her light.
79. And now, my son, I have shown thee everything, and the law of all the stars of the heaven is,completed. And he showed me all the laws of these for every day, and for every season of bearing rule, and for every year, and for its going forth, and for the order prescribed to it every month,and every week: And the waning of the moon which takes place in the sixth portal: for in this",sixth portal her light is accomplished, and after that there is the beginning of the waning: (And the waning) which takes place in the first portal in its season, till one hundred and seventy-seven,days are accomplished: reckoned according to weeks, twenty-five (weeks) and two days. She falls behind the sun and the order of the stars exactly five days in the course of one period, and when,this place which thou seest has been traversed. Such is the picture and sketch of every luminary which Uriel the archangel, who is their leader, showed unto me.
80. And in those days the angel Uriel answered and said to me: \' Behold, I have shown thee everything, Enoch, and I have revealed everything to thee that thou shouldst see this sun and this moon, and the leaders of the stars of the heaven and all those who turn them, their tasks and times and departures.,And in the days of the sinners the years shall be shortened, And their seed shall be tardy on their lands and fields, And all things on the earth shall alter, And shall not appear in their time: And the rain shall be kept back And the heaven shall withhold (it).,And in those times the fruits of the earth shall be backward, And shall not grow in their time, And the fruits of the trees shall be withheld in their time.,And the moon shall alter her order, And not appear at her time.,And in those days the sun shall be seen and he shall journey in the evening on the extremity of the great chariot in the west And shall shine more brightly than accords with the order of light.",And many chiefs of the stars shall transgress the order (prescribed). And these shall alter their orbits and tasks, And not appear at the seasons prescribed to them.,And the whole order of the stars shall be concealed from the sinners, And the thoughts of those on the earth shall err concerning them, And they shall be altered from all their ways, Yea, they shall err and take them to be gods.,And evil shall be multiplied upon them, And punishment shall come upon them So as to destroy all.\'' "
81. And he said unto me: ' Observe, Enoch, these heavenly tablets, And read what is written thereon, And mark every individual fact.',And I observed the heavenly tablets, and read everything which was written (thereon) and understood everything, and read the book of all the deeds of mankind, and of all the children of flesh,that shall be upon the earth to the remotest generations. And forthwith I blessed the great Lord the King of glory for ever, in that He has made all the works of the world,And I extolled the Lord because of His patience, And blessed Him because of the children of men.,And after that I said: ' Blessed is the man who dies in righteousness and goodness, Concerning whom there is no book of unrighteousness written, And against whom no day of judgement shall be found.',And those seven holy ones brought me and placed me on the earth before the door of my house, and said to me: ' Declare everything to thy son Methuselah, and show to all thy children that no,flesh is righteous in the sight of the Lord, for He is their Creator. One year we will leave thee with thy son, till thou givest thy (last) commands, that thou mayest teach thy children and record (it) for them, and testify to all thy children; and in the second year they shall take thee from their midst.,Let thy heart be strong, For the good shall announce righteousness to the good;The righteous with the righteous shall rejoice, And shall offer congratulation to one another.,But the sinners shall die with the sinners, And the apostate go down with the apostate.,And those who practice righteousness shall die on account of the deeds of men, And be taken away on account of the doings of the godless.',And in those days they ceased to speak to me, and I came to my people, blessing the Lord of the world." '
82.4. Blessed are all the righteous, blessed are all those who walk In the way of righteousness and sin not as the sinners, in the reckoning of all their days in which the sun traverses the heaven, entering into and departing from the portals for thirty days with the heads of thousands of the order of the stars, together with the four which are intercalated which divide the four portions of the year, which
82.5. lead them and enter with them four days. Owing to them men shall be at fault and not reckon them in the whole reckoning of the year: yea, men shall be at fault, and not recognize them
82.6. accurately. For they belong to the reckoning of the year and are truly recorded (thereon) for ever, one in the first portal and one in the third, and one in the fourth and one in the sixth, and the year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days.
82.7. And the account thereof is accurate and the recorded reckoning thereof exact; for the luminaries, and months and festivals, and years and days, has Uriel shown and revealed to me, to whom the
82.9. and all the powers of the heaven which revolve in their circular chariots. And these are the orders of the stars, which set in their places, and in their seasons and festivals and months.'
82.12. the four parts of the year. And these heads over thousands are intercalated between"' "
82.13. leader and leader, each behind a station, but their leaders make the division. And these are the names of the leaders who divide the four parts of the year which are ordained: Milki'el, Hel'emmelek, and Mel'ejal," "
82.14. and Narel. And the names of those who lead them: Adnar'el, and Ijasusa'el, and 'Elome'el- these three follow the leaders of the orders, and there is one that follows the three leaders of the orders which follow those leaders of stations that divide the four parts of the year. In the beginning of the year Melkejal rises first and rules, who is named Tam'aini and sun, and" '
82.15. And now, my son Methuselah, all these things I am recounting to thee and writing down for thee! and I have revealed to thee everything, and given thee books concerning all these: so preserve, my son Methuselah, the books from thy father\'s hand, and (see) that thou deliver them to the generations of the world.,I have given Wisdom to thee and to thy children, And thy children that shall be to thee, That they may give it to their children for generations, This wisdom (namely) that passeth their thought.,And those who understand it shall not sleep, But shall listen with the ear that they may learn this wisdom, And it shall please those that eat thereof better than good food.,Blessed are all the righteous, blessed are all those who walk In the way of righteousness and sin not as the sinners, in the reckoning of all their days in which the sun traverses the heaven, entering into and departing from the portals for thirty days with the heads of thousands of the order of the stars, together with the four which are intercalated which divide the four portions of the year, which,lead them and enter with them four days. Owing to them men shall be at fault and not reckon them in the whole reckoning of the year: yea, men shall be at fault, and not recognize them,accurately. For they belong to the reckoning of the year and are truly recorded (thereon) for ever, one in the first portal and one in the third, and one in the fourth and one in the sixth, and the year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days.,And the account thereof is accurate and the recorded reckoning thereof exact; for the luminaries, and months and festivals, and years and days, has Uriel shown and revealed to me, to whom the,Lord of the whole creation of the world hath subjected the host of heaven. And he has power over night and day in the heaven to cause the light to give light to men -sun, moon, and stars,,and all the powers of the heaven which revolve in their circular chariots. And these are the orders of the stars, which set in their places, and in their seasons and festivals and months.,And these are the names of those who lead them, who watch that they enter at their times, in their orders, in their seasons, in their months, in their periods of dominion, and in their positions. Their four leaders who divide the four parts of the year enter first; and after them the twelve leaders of the orders who divide the months; and for the three hundred and sixty (days) there are heads over thousands who divide the days; and for the four intercalary days there are the leaders which sunder,the four parts of the year. And these heads over thousands are intercalated between",leader and leader, each behind a station, but their leaders make the division. And these are the names of the leaders who divide the four parts of the year which are ordained: Milki\'el, Hel\'emmelek, and Mel\'ejal,,and Narel. And the names of those who lead them: Adnar\'el, and Ijasusa\'el, and \'Elome\'el- these three follow the leaders of the orders, and there is one that follows the three leaders of the orders which follow those leaders of stations that divide the four parts of the year. In the beginning of the year Melkejal rises first and rules, who is named Tam\'aini and sun, and,all the days of his dominion whilst he bears rule are ninety-one days. And these are the signs of the days which are to be seen on earth in the days of his dominion: sweat, and heat, and calms; and all the trees bear fruit, and leaves are produced on all the trees, and the harvest of wheat, and the rose-flowers, and all the flowers which come forth in the field, but the trees of the winter season become withered. And these are the names of the leaders which are under them: Berka\'el, Zelebs\'el, and another who is added a head of a thousand, called Hilujaseph: and the days of the dominion of this (leader) are at an end.,The next leader after him is Hel\'emmelek, whom one names the shining sun, and all the days,of his light are ninety-one days. And these are the signs of (his) days on the earth: glowing heat and dryness, and the trees ripen their fruits and produce all their fruits ripe and ready, and the sheep pair and become pregt, and all the fruits of the earth are gathered in, and everything that is,in the fields, and the winepress: these things take place in the days of his dominion. These are the names, and the orders, and the leaders of those heads of thousands: Gida\'ljal, Ke\'el, and He\'el, and the name of the head of a thousand which is added to them, Asfa\'el: and the days of his dominion are at an end.Section IV. Chapters LXXXIII-XC. The Dream-Visions.' "
82.16. all the days of his dominion whilst he bears rule are ninety-one days. And these are the signs of the days which are to be seen on earth in the days of his dominion: sweat, and heat, and calms; and all the trees bear fruit, and leaves are produced on all the trees, and the harvest of wheat, and the rose-flowers, and all the flowers which come forth in the field, but the trees of the winter season become withered. And these are the names of the leaders which are under them: Berka'el, Zelebs'el, and another who is added a head of a thousand, called Hilujaseph: and the days of the dominion of this (leader) are at an end." '
82.18. The next leader after him is Hel'emmelek, whom one names the shining sun, and all the day" '
82.19. of his light are ninety-one days. And these are the signs of (his) days on the earth: glowing heat and dryness, and the trees ripen their fruits and produce all their fruits ripe and ready, and the sheep pair and become pregt, and all the fruits of the earth are gathered in, and everything that i
82. And now, my son Methuselah, all these things I am recounting to thee and writing down for thee! and I have revealed to thee everything, and given thee books concerning all these: so preserve, my son Methuselah, the books from thy father\'s hand, and (see) that thou deliver them to the generations of the world.,I have given Wisdom to thee and to thy children, And thy children that shall be to thee, That they may give it to their children for generations, This wisdom (namely) that passeth their thought.,And those who understand it shall not sleep, But shall listen with the ear that they may learn this wisdom, And it shall please those that eat thereof better than good food.,Blessed are all the righteous, blessed are all those who walk In the way of righteousness and sin not as the sinners, in the reckoning of all their days in which the sun traverses the heaven, entering into and departing from the portals for thirty days with the heads of thousands of the order of the stars, together with the four which are intercalated which divide the four portions of the year, which,lead them and enter with them four days. Owing to them men shall be at fault and not reckon them in the whole reckoning of the year: yea, men shall be at fault, and not recognize them,accurately. For they belong to the reckoning of the year and are truly recorded (thereon) for ever, one in the first portal and one in the third, and one in the fourth and one in the sixth, and the year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days.,And the account thereof is accurate and the recorded reckoning thereof exact; for the luminaries, and months and festivals, and years and days, has Uriel shown and revealed to me, to whom the,Lord of the whole creation of the world hath subjected the host of heaven. And he has power over night and day in the heaven to cause the light to give light to men -sun, moon, and stars,,and all the powers of the heaven which revolve in their circular chariots. And these are the orders of the stars, which set in their places, and in their seasons and festivals and months.,And these are the names of those who lead them, who watch that they enter at their times, in their orders, in their seasons, in their months, in their periods of dominion, and in their positions. Their four leaders who divide the four parts of the year enter first; and after them the twelve leaders of the orders who divide the months; and for the three hundred and sixty (days) there are heads over thousands who divide the days; and for the four intercalary days there are the leaders which sunder,the four parts of the year. And these heads over thousands are intercalated between",leader and leader, each behind a station, but their leaders make the division. And these are the names of the leaders who divide the four parts of the year which are ordained: Milki\'el, Hel\'emmelek, and Mel\'ejal,,and Narel. And the names of those who lead them: Adnar\'el, and Ijasusa\'el, and \'Elome\'el- these three follow the leaders of the orders, and there is one that follows the three leaders of the orders which follow those leaders of stations that divide the four parts of the year. In the beginning of the year Melkejal rises first and rules, who is named Tam\'aini and sun, and,all the days of his dominion whilst he bears rule are ninety-one days. And these are the signs of the days which are to be seen on earth in the days of his dominion: sweat, and heat, and calms; and all the trees bear fruit, and leaves are produced on all the trees, and the harvest of wheat, and the rose-flowers, and all the flowers which come forth in the field, but the trees of the winter season become withered. And these are the names of the leaders which are under them: Berka\'el, Zelebs\'el, and another who is added a head of a thousand, called Hilujaseph: and the days of the dominion of this (leader) are at an end.,The next leader after him is Hel\'emmelek, whom one names the shining sun, and all the days,of his light are ninety-one days. And these are the signs of (his) days on the earth: glowing heat and dryness, and the trees ripen their fruits and produce all their fruits ripe and ready, and the sheep pair and become pregt, and all the fruits of the earth are gathered in, and everything that is,in the fields, and the winepress: these things take place in the days of his dominion. These are the names, and the orders, and the leaders of those heads of thousands: Gida\'ljal, Ke\'el, and He\'el, and the name of the head of a thousand which is added to them, Asfa\'el: and the days of his dominion are at an end.Section IV. Chapters LXXXIII-XC. The Dream-Visions. '. None |
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15. Anon., Jubilees, 1.9, 1.14, 2.9, 3.31, 4.17-4.18, 4.21, 6.17-6.18, 6.29-6.38, 15.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Calendars • Calendars, Solar • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendar • calendar in 1 Enoch • calendar in 1 Enoch, at Qumran • calendar, • calendars, solar
Found in books: Allen and Dunne (2022) 34; Beyerle and Goff (2022) 173, 177, 323, 419; Bowen and Rochberg (2020) 533; Fraade (2011) 258, 259, 260; Hayes (2015) 104, 105; Lieu (2004) 111, 281; Rowland (2009) 47; Rubenstein(1995) 51; Stuckenbruck (2007) 84, 138
| 1.9. And do thou write for thyself all these words which I declare unto thee this day, for I know their rebellion and their stiff neck, before I bring them into the land of which I sware to their fathers, to Abraham and to Isaac and to Jacob, saying: "Unto your seed will I give a land flowing with milk and honey
1.14. and My sabbaths, and My holy place which I have hallowed for Myself in their midst, and My tabernacle, and My sanctuary, which I have hallowed for Myself in the midst of the land, that I should set My name upon it, and that it should dwell (there).
2.9. And this was the only work (God) created on the second day.
3.31. for God doth know that on the day ye shall eat thereof, your eyes will be opened, and ye will be as gods, and ye will know good and evil."' "
4.17. And in the second week of the tenth jubilee Mahalalel took unto him to wife Dînâh, the daughter of Barâkî’êl the daughter of his father's brother, and she bare him a son in the third week in the sixth year, and he called his name Jared;" '4.18. for in his days the angels of the Lord descended on the earth, those who are named the Watchers, that they should instruct the children of men, and that they should do judgment and uprightness on the earth.
4.21. And he was the first among men that are born on earth who learnt writing and knowledge and wisdom
6.17. And this testimony is written concerning you that you should observe it continually, so that you should not eat on any day any blood of beasts or birds or cattle during all the days of the earth, 6.18. and the man who eateth the blood of beast or of cattle or of birds during all the days of the earth, he and his seed shall be rooted out of the land.
6.29. And do thou command the children of Israel to observe this festival in all their generations for a commandment unto them: 6.30. one day in the year in this month they shall celebrate the festival. 6.31. For it is the feast of weeks and the feast of first-fruits: 6.32. this feast is twofold and of a double nature: according to what is written and engraven concerning it celebrate it. 6.33. For I have written in the book of the first law, in that which I have written for thee, that thou shouldst celebrate it in its season, one day in the year, 6.34. and I explained to thee its sacrifices that the children of Israel should remember and should celebrate it throughout their generations in this month, one day in every year. 6.35. And on the new moon of the first month, and on the new moon of the fourth month, and on the new moon of the seventh month, and on the new moon of the tenth month are the days of remembrance, and the days of the seasons in the four divisions of the year. 6.36. These are written and ordained as a testimony for ever. 6.37. And Noah ordained them for himself as feasts for the generations for ever, so that they have become thereby a memorial unto him. 6.38. And on the new moon of the first month he was bidden to make for himself an ark, and on that (day) the earth became dry and he opened (the ark) and saw the earth.
15.25. And on the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and all the men of his house, (and those born in the house), and all those, whom he had bought with money from the children of the stranger, were circumcised with him.''. None |
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16. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 7.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Calendars, Solar • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendar • solar (calendar)
Found in books: Beyerle and Goff (2022) 173; Fraade (2011) 267; Piotrkowski (2019) 387
7.25. וּמִלִּין לְצַד עליא עִלָּאָה יְמַלִּל וּלְקַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין יְבַלֵּא וְיִסְבַּר לְהַשְׁנָיָה זִמְנִין וְדָת וְיִתְיַהֲבוּן בִּידֵהּ עַד־עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן׃''. None | 7.25. And he shall speak words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most High; and he shall think to change the seasons and the law; and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and half a time.''. None |
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17. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 1.7, 6.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Calendars, Liturgical • Maccabees (Books), Calendar System • calendar • solar (calendar)
Found in books: Beyerle and Goff (2022) 232; Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 1136; Piotrkowski (2019) 387; Salvesen et al (2020) 376
| 1.7. In the reign of Demetrius, in the one hundred and sixty-ninth year, we Jews wrote to you, in the critical distress which came upon us in those years after Jason and his company revolted from the holy land and the kingdom'" "
6.7. On the monthly celebration of the king's birthday, the Jews were taken, under bitter constraint, to partake of the sacrifices; and when the feast of Dionysus came, they were compelled to walk in the procession in honor of Dionysus, wearing wreaths of ivy.'"". None |
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18. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendars • calendars, Jewish • calendars, uniformity of • calendars, wall-painting
Found in books: Ando (2013) 407; Rüpke (2011) 109
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19. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendars • calendars, astronomical calendar • calendars, decree of the Koinon of Asia
Found in books: Hallmannsecker (2022) 149; Rüpke (2011) 112
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20. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Calendars • Calendars, Solar • Festivals—see also Calendar
Found in books: Beyerle and Goff (2022) 173, 177, 417, 418, 419; Fraade (2011) 257
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21. Ovid, Fasti, 3.697-3.702, 6.249 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendar • calendar, Roman (fasti) • calendars, fasti
Found in books: Bierl (2017) 299, 305; Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 403; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 4
3.697. praeteriturus eram gladios in principe fixos, 3.698. cum sic a castis Vesta locuta focis: 3.699. ‘ne dubita meminisse: meus fuit ille sacerdos, 3.700. sacrilegae telis me petiere manus. 3.701. ipsa virum rapui simulacraque nuda reliqui: 3.702. quae cecidit ferro, Caesaris umbra fuit.’
6.249. Vesta, fave! tibi nunc operata resolvimus ora,''. None | 3.697. Our leader, when Vesta spoke from her pure hearth: 3.698. Don’t hesitate to recall them: he was my priest, 3.699. And those sacrilegious hands sought me with their blades. 3.700. I snatched him away, and left a naked semblance: 3.701. What died by the steel, was Caesar’s shadow.’ 3.702. Raised to the heavens he found Jupiter’s halls,
6.249. Vesta, favour me! I’ll open my lips now in your service,''. None |
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22. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • abbreviations, in calendars • calendars, local, Roman influence on • calendars, marble • calendars, wall
Found in books: Ando (2013) 163; Rüpke (2011) 96, 126
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23. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 6.420-6.425 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Festivals—see also Calendar
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 527; Goodman (2006) 50
6.421. τούτων τὸ πλέον ὁμόφυλον μὲν ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπιχώριον: ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς χώρας ὅλης ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἑορτὴν συνεληλυθότες ἐξαπίνης τῷ πολέμῳ περιεσχέθησαν, ὥστε τὸ μὲν πρῶτον αὐτοῖς τὴν στενοχωρίαν γενέσθαι λοιμώδη φθοράν, αὖθις δὲ καὶ λιμὸν ὠκύτερον." "6.422. ὅτι δ' ἐχώρει τοσούτους ἡ πόλις, δῆλον ἐκ τῶν ἐπὶ Κεστίου συναριθμηθέντων, ὃς τὴν ἀκμὴν τῆς πόλεως διαδηλῶσαι Νέρωνι βουλόμενος καταφρονοῦντι τοῦ ἔθνους παρεκάλεσεν τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς, εἴ πως δυνατὸν εἴη τὴν πληθὺν ἐξαριθμήσασθαι:" "6.423. οἱ δ' ἐνστάσης ἑορτῆς, πάσχα καλεῖται, καθ' ἣν θύουσιν μὲν ἀπὸ ἐνάτης ὥρας μέχρις ἑνδεκάτης, ὥσπερ δὲ φατρία περὶ ἑκάστην γίνεται θυσίαν οὐκ ἐλάσσων ἀνδρῶν δέκα, μόνον γὰρ οὐκ ἔξεστιν δαίνυσθαι, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ συνείκοσιν ἀθροίζονται," '6.424. τῶν μὲν θυμάτων εἰκοσιπέντε μυριάδας ἠρίθμησαν, πρὸς δὲ πεντακισχίλια ἑξακόσια.' "6.425. γίνονται ἀνδρῶν, ἵν' ἑκάστου δέκα δαιτυμόνας θῶμεν, μυριάδες ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ διακόσιαι καθαρῶν ἁπάντων καὶ ἁγίων:" ". None | 6.421. the greater part of whom were indeed of the same nation with the citizens of Jerusalem, but not belonging to the city itself; for they were come up from all the country to the feast of unleavened bread, and were on a sudden shut up by an army, which, at the very first, occasioned so great a straitness among them that there came a pestilential destruction upon them, and soon afterward such a famine, as destroyed them more suddenly. 6.422. And that this city could contain so many people in it, is manifest by that number of them which was taken under Cestius, who being desirous of informing Nero of the power of the city, who otherwise was disposed to contemn that nation, entreated the high priests, if the thing were possible, to take the number of their whole multitude. 6.423. So these high priests, upon the coming of that feast which is called the Passover, when they slay their sacrifices, from the ninth hour till the eleventh, but so that a company not less than ten belong to every sacrifice (for it is not lawful for them to feast singly by themselves), and many of us are twenty in a company, 6.424. found the number of sacrifices was two hundred and fifty-six thousand five hundred; 6.425. which, upon the allowance of no more than ten that feast together, amounts to two million seven hundred thousand and two hundred persons that were pure and holy;' '. None |
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24. Mishnah, Menachot, 10.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendar,
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 264; Rubenstein(1995) 110
10.3. כֵּיצַד הָיוּ עוֹשִׂים. שְׁלוּחֵי בֵית דִּין יוֹצְאִים מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב, וְעוֹשִׂים אוֹתוֹ כְרִיכוֹת בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נוֹחַ לִקְצֹר. וְכָל הָעֲיָרוֹת הַסְּמוּכוֹת לְשָׁם, מִתְכַּנְּסוֹת לְשָׁם, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נִקְצָר בְּעֵסֶק גָּדוֹל. כֵּיוָן שֶׁחֲשֵׁכָה, אוֹמֵר לָהֶם, בָּא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ, אוֹמְרִים, הֵן. בָּא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. מַגָּל זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. מַגָּל זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. קֻפָּה זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. קֻפָּה זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹמֵר לָהֶם, שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. אֶקְצֹר, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ קְצֹר. אֶקְצֹר, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ קְצֹר. שָׁלשׁ פְּעָמִים עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ הֵן, הֵן, הֵן. וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה. מִפְּנֵי הַבַּיְתוֹסִים, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, אֵין קְצִירַת הָעֹמֶר בְּמוֹצָאֵי יוֹם טוֹב:''. None | 10.3. How would they do it reap the omer?The agents of the court used to go out on the day before the festival and tie the unreaped grain in bunches to make it the easier to reap. All the inhabitants of the towns near by assembled there, so that it might be reaped with a great demonstration. As soon as it became dark he says to them: “Has the sun set?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Has the sun set?” And they answer, “Yes.” “With this sickle?” And they answer, “Yes.” “With this sickle?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Into this basket?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Into this basket?” And they answer, “Yes.” On the Sabbath he says to them, “On this Sabbath?” And they answer, “Yes.” “On this Sabbath?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Shall I reap?” And they answer, “Reap.” “Shall I reap?” And they answer, “Reap.” He repeated every matter three times, and they answer, “yes, yes, yes.” And why all of this? Because of the Boethusians who held that the reaping of the omer was not to take place at the conclusion of the first day of the festival.''. None |
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25. Mishnah, Rosh Hashanah, 2.1, 2.8-2.9 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • Gamliel, R., calendar court (Yavne) • authority, rabbinic, calendar court (Yavne) • calendar • calendar court (Yavne) • calendar court (Yavne), R. Joshua vs. R. Gamliel • calendar court (Yavne), Yom Kippur date • calendar court (Yavne), divine mandate • calendar court (Yavne), procedures • calendar court (Yavne), witnesses • calendar in 1 Enoch, in rabbinic literature • calendar setting • calendar threats • calendar,
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 277, 560; Goodman (2006) 168; Hayes (2015) 201; Rubenstein(1995) 110; Simon-Shushan (2012) 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 201
2.1. אִם אֵינָן מַכִּירִין אוֹתוֹ, מְשַׁלְּחִין אַחֵר עִמּוֹ לַהֲעִידוֹ. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מְקַבְּלִין עֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ מִכָּל אָדָם. מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ מְקַבְּלִין אֶלָּא מִן הַמַּכִּירִים:
2.8. דְּמוּת צוּרוֹת לְבָנוֹת הָיוּ לוֹ לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בַּטַּבְלָא וּבַכֹּתֶל בַּעֲלִיָּתוֹ, שֶׁבָּהֶן מַרְאֶה אֶת הַהֶדְיוֹטוֹת וְאוֹמֵר, הֲכָזֶה רָאִיתָ אוֹ כָזֶה. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ שְׁנַיִם וְאָמְרוּ, רְאִינוּהוּ שַׁחֲרִית בַּמִּזְרָח וְעַרְבִית בַּמַּעֲרָב. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר הֵם. כְּשֶׁבָּאוּ לְיַבְנֶה קִבְּלָן רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. וְעוֹד בָּאוּ שְׁנַיִם וְאָמְרוּ, רְאִינוּהוּ בִזְמַנּוֹ, וּבְלֵיל עִבּוּרוֹ לֹא נִרְאָה, וְקִבְּלָן רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. אָמַר רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינָס, עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר הֵן, הֵיאָךְ מְעִידִין עַל הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁיָּלְדָה, וּלְמָחָר כְּרֵסָהּ בֵּין שִׁנֶּיהָ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דְּבָרֶיךָ: 2.9. שָׁלַח לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, גּוֹזְרַנִי עָלֶיךָ שֶׁתָּבֹא אֶצְלִי בְּמַקֶּלְךָ וּבִמְעוֹתֶיךָ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹנְךָ. הָלַךְ וּמְצָאוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מֵצֵר, אָמַר לוֹ, יֶשׁ לִי לִלְמוֹד שֶׁכָּל מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל עָשׂוּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כג), אֵלֶּה מוֹעֲדֵי יְיָ מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ, אֲשֶׁר תִּקְרְאוּ אֹתָם, בֵּין בִּזְמַנָּן בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא בִזְמַנָּן, אֵין לִי מוֹעֲדוֹת אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ. בָּא לוֹ אֵצֶל רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינָס, אָמַר לוֹ, אִם בָּאִין אָנוּ לָדוּן אַחַר בֵּית דִּינוֹ שֶׁל רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, צְרִיכִין אָנוּ לָדוּן אַחַר כָּל בֵּית דִּין וּבֵית דִּין שֶׁעָמַד מִימוֹת משֶׁה וְעַד עַכְשָׁיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כד), וַיַּעַל משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא וְשִׁבְעִים מִזִּקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְלָמָּה לֹא נִתְפָּרְשׁוּ שְׁמוֹתָן שֶׁל זְקֵנִים, אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד, שֶׁכָּל שְׁלשָׁה וּשְׁלשָׁה שֶׁעָמְדוּ בֵית דִּין עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲרֵי הוּא כְבֵית דִּינוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה. נָטַל מַקְלוֹ וּמְעוֹתָיו בְּיָדוֹ, וְהָלַךְ לְיַבְנֶה אֵצֶל רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּיוֹם שֶׁחָל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים לִהְיוֹת בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹנוֹ. עָמַד רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וּנְשָׁקוֹ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ, בֹּא בְשָׁלוֹם, רַבִּי וְתַלְמִידִי, רַבִּי בְחָכְמָה, וְתַלְמִידִי שֶׁקִּבַּלְתָּ דְּבָרָי:''. None | 2.1. If they don’t know him the one who came to testify, they send another with him to testify concerning his reliability. Originally testimony concerning the new moon was accepted from anyone. When the minim disrupted this, it was decreed that testimony should be received only from persons known to the court.
2.8. Rabban Gamaliel had diagrams of the moon on a tablet hung on the wall of his upper chamber, and he used to show them to the unlearned and say, “Did it look like this or this?” It happened that two witnesses came and said, “We saw it in the morning in the east and in the evening in the west.” Rabbi Yoha ben Nuri said: they are lying witnesses. When they came to Yavneh Rabban Gamaliel accepted them. On another occasion two witnesses came and said, “We saw it at its proper time, but on the night which should have been the new moon it was not seen,” and Rabban Gamaliel accepted their evidence. Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas said: they are lying witnesses. How can they testify that a woman has given birth when on the next day her belly is between her teeth (swollen)? Rabbi Joshua to him: I see your argument. 2.9. Rabban Gamaliel sent to him: I order you to appear before me with your staff and your money on the day which according to your count should be Yom Hakippurim. Rabbi Akiva went and found him in distress. He said to him: I can teach that whatever Rabban Gamaliel has done is valid, because it says, “These are the appointed seasons of the Lord, holy convocations, which you shall proclaim at their appointed times” (Leviticus 23:4), whether they are proclaimed at their proper time or not at their proper time, I have no other appointed times save these. He Rabbi Joshua then went to Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas. He said to him: if we call in question the court of Rabban Gamaliel we must call in question the decisions of every court which has existed since the days of Moses until now. As it says, “Then Moses and Aaron, Nadav and Avihu and seventy of the elders of Israel went up” (Exodus 24:9). Why were the names of the elders not mentioned? To teach that every group of three which has acted as a court over Israel, behold it is like the court of Moses. He Rabbi Joshua took his staff and his money and went to Yavneh to Rabban Gamaliel on the day which according to his count should be Yom Hakippurim. Rabban Gamaliel rose and kissed him on his head and said to him: Come in peace, my teacher and my student my teacher in wisdom and my student because you have accepted my decision.''. None |
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26. Mishnah, Sukkah, 4.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendar,
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 546; Rubenstein(1995) 111
4.5. מִצְוַת עֲרָבָה כֵּיצַד, מָקוֹם הָיָה לְמַטָּה מִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְנִקְרָא מוֹצָא. יוֹרְדִין לְשָׁם וּמְלַקְּטִין מִשָּׁם מֻרְבִּיּוֹת שֶׁל עֲרָבָה, וּבָאִין וְזוֹקְפִין אוֹתָן בְּצִדֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְרָאשֵׁיהֶן כְּפוּפִין עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקָעוּ. בְּכָל יוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ פַּעַם אַחַת, וְאוֹמְרִים, אָנָּא ה' הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא, אָנָּא ה' הַצְלִיחָה נָּא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי וָהוֹ הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא. וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים. בִּשְׁעַת פְּטִירָתָן, מָה הֵן אוֹמְרִים, יֹפִי לְךָ מִזְבֵּחַ, יֹפִי לְךָ מִזְבֵּחַ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לְיָהּ וּלְךָ, מִזְבֵּחַ. לְיָהּ וּלְךָ, מִזְבֵּחַ:"". None | 4.5. The mitzvah of the aravah how was it performed?There was a place below Jerusalem called Moza. They went down there and gathered tall branches of aravot and then they came and stood them up at the sides of the altar, and their tops were bent over the altar. They then sounded a teki’ah long blast, a teru’ah staccato blast and again a teki’ah. Every day they went round the altar once, saying, “O Lord, save us, O Lord, make us prosper” (Psalms 118:. Rabbi Judah says: “Ani vaho, save us.” On that day they went round the altar seven times. When they departed, what did they say? “O altar, beauty is to you! O altar, beauty is to you!” Rabbi Eliezer said: they would say, “To the Lord and to you, O altar, to the Lord and to you, O altar.”''. None |
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27. New Testament, Acts, 1.13 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Liturgy (liturgical), calendar, Easter • calendars
Found in books: Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022) 246; Mendez (2022) 43
1.13. Καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθον, εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ἀνέβησαν οὗ ἦσαν καταμένοντες, ὅ τε Πέτρος καὶ Ἰωάνης καὶ Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἀνδρέας, Φίλιππος καὶ Θωμᾶς, Βαρθολομαῖος καὶ Μαθθαῖος, Ἰάκωβος Ἁλφαίου καὶ Σίμων ὁ ζηλωτὴς καὶ Ἰούδας Ἰακώβου.''. None | 1.13. When they had come in, they went up into the upper room, where they were staying; that is Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James. ''. None |
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28. New Testament, Colossians, 2.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendar • calendar,
Found in books: Huttner (2013) 125; Vinzent (2013) 201
2.16. Μὴ οὖν τις ὑμᾶς κρινέτω ἐν βρώσει καὶ ἐν πόσει ἢ ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς ἢ νεομηνίας ἢ σαββάτων,''. None | 2.16. Let no man therefore judge you in eating, or in drinking, or with respect to a feast day or a new moon or a Sabbath day, ''. None |
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29. New Testament, Romans, 14.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendars • calendar
Found in books: Beyerle and Goff (2022) 175; Vinzent (2013) 200
14.5. ὃς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν· ἕκαστος ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ νοῒ πληροφορείσθω·''. None | 14.5. One man esteems one day as more important. Another esteems every day alike. Let each man be fully assured in his own mind. ''. None |
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30. New Testament, John, 20.24, 20.26-20.28 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Liturgy (liturgical), calendar • Liturgy (liturgical), calendar, Easter • calendars
Found in books: Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022) 246; Mendez (2022) 43, 44, 56
20.24. Θωμᾶς δὲ εἷς ἐκ τῶν δώδεκα, ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος, οὐκ ἦν μετʼ αὐτῶν ὅτε ἦλθεν Ἰησοῦς.
20.26. Καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέρας ὀκτὼ πάλιν ἦσαν ἔσω οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Θωμᾶς μετʼ αὐτῶν. ἔρχεται ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων, καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ εἶπεν Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν. 20.27. εἶτα λέγει τῷ Θωμᾷ Φέρε τὸν δάκτυλόν σου ὧδε καὶ ἴδε τὰς χεῖράς μου, καὶ φέρε τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ βάλε εἰς τὴν πλευράν μου, καὶ μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος ἀλλὰ πιστός. 20.28. ἀπεκρίθη Θωμᾶς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου.''. None | 20.24. But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, wasn't with them when Jesus came. " '
20.26. After eight days again his disciples were inside, and Thomas was with them. Jesus came, the doors being locked, and stood in the midst, and said, "Peace be to you." 20.27. Then he said to Thomas, "Reach here your finger, and see my hands. Reach here your hand, and put it into my side. Don\'t be unbelieving, but believing." 20.28. Thomas answered him, "My Lord and my God!"'". None |
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31. Tacitus, Annals, 1.8.4, 3.17 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendar, additions to • calendar, and consular date • calendar, and political events • calendars, local, Roman influence on • senate, in Latin and Greek,, calendar of business
Found in books: Ando (2013) 162; Rohland (2022) 98; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 135; Talbert (1984) 215
3.17. Post quae Tiberius adulescentem crimine civilis belli purgavit, patris quippe iussa nec potuisse filium detrectare, simul nobilitatem domus, etiam ipsius quoquo modo meriti gravem casum miseratus. pro Plancina cum pudore et flagitio disseruit, matris preces obtendens, in quam optimi cuiusque secreti questus magis ardescebant. id ergo fas aviae interfectricem nepotis adspicere, adloqui, eripere senatui. quod pro omnibus civibus leges obtineant uni Germanico non contigisse. Vitellii et Veranii voce defletum Caesarem, ab imperatore et Augusta defensam Plancinam. proinde venena et artes tam feliciter expertas verteret in Agrippinam, in liberos eius, egregiamque aviam ac patruum sanguine miserrimae domus exsatiaret. biduum super hac imagine cognitionis absumptum, urgente Tiberio liberos Pisonis matrem uti tuerentur. et cum accusatores ac testes certatim perorarent respondente nullo, miseratio quam invidia augebatur. primus sententiam rogatus Aurelius Cotta consul (nam referente Caesare magistratus eo etiam munere fungebantur) nomen Pisonis radendum fastis censuit, partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut Cn. Pisoni filio concederetur isque praenomen mutaret; M. Piso exuta dignitate et accepto quinquagies sestertio in decem annos relegaretur, concessa Plancinae incolumitate ob preces Augustae.' '. None | 1.8.4. \xa0The only business which he allowed to be discussed at the first meeting of the senate was the funeral of Augustus. The will, brought in by the Vestal Virgins, specified Tiberius and Livia as heirs, Livia to be adopted into the Julian family and the Augustan name. As legatees in the second degree he mentioned his grandchildren and great-grandchildren; in the third place, the prominent nobles â\x80\x94 an ostentatious bid for the applause of posterity, as he detested most of them. His bequests were not above the ordinary civic scale, except that he left 43,500,000 sesterces to the nation and the populace, a\xa0thousand to every man in the praetorian guards, five hundred to each in the urban troops, and three hundred to all legionaries or members of the Roman cohorts. The question of the last honours was then debated. The two regarded as the most striking were due to Asinius Gallus and Lucius Arruntius â\x80\x94 the former proposing that the funeral train should pass under a triumphal gateway; the latter, that the dead should be preceded by the titles of all laws which he had carried and the names of all peoples whom he had subdued. In addition, Valerius Messalla suggested that the oath of allegiance to Tiberius should be renewed annually. To a query from Tiberius, whether that expression of opinion came at his dictation, he retorted â\x80\x94 it was the one form of flattery still left â\x80\x94 that he had spoken of his own accord, and, when public interests were in question, he would (even at the risk of giving offence) use no man\'s judgment but his own. The senate clamoured for the body to be carried to the pyre on the shoulders of the Fathers. The Caesar, with haughty moderation, excused them from that duty, and warned the people by edict not to repeat the enthusiastic excesses which on a former day had marred the funeral of the deified Julius, by desiring Augustus to be cremated in the Forum rather than in the Field of Mars, his appointed resting-place. On the day of the ceremony, the troops were drawn up as though on guard, amid the jeers of those who had seen with their eyes, or whose fathers had declared to them, that day of still novel servitude and freedom disastrously re-wooed, when the killing of the dictator Caesar to some had seemed the worst, and to others the fairest, of high exploits:â\x80\x94 "And now an aged prince, a veteran potentate, who had seen to it that not even his heirs should lack for means to coerce their country, must needs have military protection to ensure a peaceable burial!" <
3.17. \xa0Tiberius followed by absolving the younger Piso from the charge of civil war, â\x80\x94 for "the orders came from a father, and a son could not have disobeyed," â\x80\x94 and at the same time expressed his sorrow for a noble house and the tragic fate of its representative, whatever his merits or demerits. In offering a shamefaced and ignominious apology for Plancina, he pleaded the entreaties of his mother; who in private was being more and more hotly criticized by every person of decency:â\x80\x94 "So it was allowable in a grandmother to admit her husband\'s murderess to sight and speech, and to rescue her from the senate! The redress which the laws guaranteed to all citizens had been denied to Germanicus alone. The voice of Vitellius and Veranius had bewailed the Caesar: the emperor and Augusta had defended Plancina. It remained to turn those drugs and arts, now tested with such happy results, against Agrippina and her children, and so to satiate this admirable grandmother and uncle with the blood of the whole calamitous house!" Two days were expended on this phantom of a trial, with Tiberius pressing Piso\'s sons to defend their mother; and as the accusers and witnesses delivered their competing invectives, without a voice to answer, pity rather than anger began to deepen. The question was put in the first instance to Aurelius Cotta, the consul; for, if the reference came from the sovereign, even the magistrates went through the process of registering their opinion. Cotta proposed that the name of Piso should be erased from the records, one half of his property confiscated, and the other made over to his son Gnaeus, who should change his first name; that Marcus Piso should be stripped of his senatorial rank, and relegated for a period of ten years with a gratuity of five million sesterces: Plancina, in view of the empress\'s intercession, might be granted immunity. <''. None |
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32. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • Sadducees, calendar • calendar • calendar in 1 Enoch, in rabbinic literature • calendar split • calendar, • halakhah, priestly, calendar conflict • sectarians, calendar
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 264; Hayes (2015) 201; Rubenstein(1995) 111; Simon-Shushan (2012) 258
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33. Justin, First Apology, 67 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendar
Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022) 438; Vinzent (2013) 207, 208
| 67. And we afterwards continually remind each other of these things. And the wealthy among us help the needy; and we always keep together; and for all things wherewith we are supplied, we bless the Maker of all through His Son Jesus Christ, and through the Holy Ghost. And on the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits; then, when the reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs, and exhorts to the imitation of these good things. Then we all rise together and pray, and, as we before said, when our prayer is ended, bread and wine and water are brought, and the president in like manner offers prayers and thanksgivings, according to his ability, and the people assent, saying Amen; and there is a distribution to each, and a participation of that over which thanks have been given, and to those who are absent a portion is sent by the deacons. And they who are well to do, and willing, give what each thinks fit; and what is collected is deposited with the president, who succours the orphans and widows and those who, through sickness or any other cause, are in want, and those who are in bonds and the strangers sojourning among us, and in a word takes care of all who are in need. But Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly, because it is the first day on which God, having wrought a change in the darkness and matter, made the world; and Jesus Christ our Saviour on the same day rose from the dead. For He was crucified on the day before that of Saturn (Saturday); and on the day after that of Saturn, which is the day of the Sun, having appeared to His apostles and disciples, He taught them these things, which we have submitted to you also for your consideration. ''. None |
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34. Babylonian Talmud, Rosh Hashanah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • authority, rabbinic, calendar court (Yavne) • calendar • calendar in 1 Enoch, in rabbinic literature
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 278; Hayes (2015) 201, 237; Simon-Shushan (2012) 259; Zawanowska and Wilk (2022) 144
25a. וערבית במערב א"ר יוחנן בן נורי עדי שקר הם כשבאו ליבנה קיבלן רבן גמליאל,ועוד באו שנים ואמרו ראינוהו בזמנו ובליל עיבורו לא נראה וקיבלן ר"ג,אמר רבי דוסא בן הורכינס עדי שקר הן היאך מעידים על האשה שילדה ולמחר כריסה בין שיניה אמר לו רבי יהושע רואה אני את דבריך שלח לו ר"ג גוזרני עליך שתבא אצלי במקלך ובמעותיך ביוה"כ שחל להיות בחשבונך,הלך ומצאו ר"ע מיצר אמר לו יש לי ללמוד שכל מה שעשה ר"ג עשוי שנאמר (ויקרא כג, ד) אלה מועדי ה\' מקראי קדש אשר תקראו אתם בין בזמנן בין שלא בזמנן אין לי מועדות אלא אלו,בא לו אצל ר\' דוסא בן הורכינס אמר לו אם באין אנו לדון אחר בית דינו של ר"ג צריכין אנו לדון אחר כל בית דין ובית דין שעמד מימות משה ועד עכשיו שנאמר (שמות כד, ט) ויעל משה ואהרן נדב ואביהוא ושבעים מזקני ישראל ולמה לא נתפרשו שמותן של זקנים אלא ללמד שכל שלשה ושלשה שעמדו בית דין על ישראל הרי הוא כבית דינו של משה,נטל מקלו ומעותיו בידו והלך ליבנה אצל ר"ג ביום שחל יוה"כ להיות בחשבונו עמד ר"ג ונשקו על ראשו אמר לו בוא בשלום רבי ותלמידי רבי בחכמה ותלמידי שקבלת את דברי:,25a. and that same day we saw the new moon in the evening in the west. Rabbi Yoḥa ben Nuri said: They are false witnesses, as it is impossible to see the new moon so soon after the last sighting of the waning moon. However, when they arrived in Yavne, Rabban Gamliel accepted them as witnesses without concern.,And there was another incident in which two witnesses came and said: We saw the new moon at its anticipated time, i.e., on the night of the thirtieth day of the previous month; however, on the following night, i.e., the start of the thirty-first, which is often the determit of a full, thirty-day month, it was not seen. And nevertheless Rabban Gamliel accepted their testimony and established the New Moon on the thirtieth day.,Rabbi Dosa ben Horkinas disagreed and said: They are false witnesses; how can witnesses testify that a woman gave birth and the next day her belly is between her teeth, i.e., she is obviously still pregt? If the new moon was already visible at its anticipated time, how could it not be seen a day later? Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: I see the logic of your statement; the New Moon must be established a day later. Upon hearing that Rabbi Yehoshua had challenged his ruling, Rabban Gamliel sent a message to him: I decree against you that you must appear before me with your staff and with your money on the day on which Yom Kippur occurs according to your calculation; according to my calculation, that day is the eleventh of Tishrei, the day after Yom Kippur.,Rabbi Akiva went and found Rabbi Yehoshua distressed that the head of the Great Sanhedrin was forcing him to desecrate the day that he maintained was Yom Kippur. In an attempt to console him, Rabbi Akiva said to Rabbi Yehoshua: I can learn from a verse that everything that Rabban Gamliel did in sanctifying the month is done, i.e., it is valid. As it is stated: “These are the appointed seasons of the Lord, sacred convocations, which you shall proclaim in their season” (Leviticus 23:4). This verse indicates that whether you have proclaimed them at their proper time or whether you have declared them not at their proper time, I have only these Festivals as established by the representatives of the Jewish people.,Rabbi Yehoshua then came to Rabbi Dosa ben Horkinas, who said to him: If we come to debate and question the rulings of the court of Rabban Gamliel, we must debate and question the rulings of every court that has stood from the days of Moses until now. As it is stated: “Then Moses went up, and Aaron, Nadav and Avihu, and seventy of the Elders of Israel” (Exodus 24:9). But why were the names of these seventy Elders not specified? Rather, this comes to teach that every set of three judges that stands as a court over the Jewish people has the same status as the court of Moses. Since it is not revealed who sat on that court, apparently it is enough that they were official judges in a Jewish court.,When Rabbi Yehoshua heard that even Rabbi Dosa ben Horkinas maintained that they must submit to Rabban Gamliel’s decision, he took his staff and his money in his hand, and went to Yavne to Rabban Gamliel on the day on which Yom Kippur occurred according to his own calculation. Upon seeing him, Rabban Gamliel stood up and kissed him on his head. He said to him: Come in peace, my teacher and my student. You are my teacher in wisdom, as Rabbi Yehoshua was wiser than anyone else in his generation, and you are my student, as you accepted my statement, despite your disagreement.,It is taught in a baraita that Rabban Gamliel said to the Sages, in explanation of his opinion that it is possible for the new moon to be visible so soon after the last sighting of the waning moon: This is the tradition that I received from the house of my father’s father: Sometimes the moon comes by a long path and sometimes it comes by a short one.,Rabbi Yoḥa said: What is the reason for the opinion of the house of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, i.e., the house of the heads of the Great Sanhedrin, the source of Rabban Gamliel’s ruling? As it is written: “Who appointed the moon for seasons; the sun knows its going down” (Psalms 104:19). This verse indicates that it is only the sun that knows its going down, i.e., its seasons and the times that it shines are the same every year. In contrast, the moon does not know its going down, as its course is not identical every month.,§ The Gemara relates that Rabbi Ḥiyya once saw the waning moon standing in the sky on the morning of the twenty-ninth of the month. He took a clump of earth and threw it at the moon, saying: This evening we need to sanctify you, i.e., the new moon must be visible tonight so that we may declare the thirtieth of the month as the New Moon, and you are still standing here? Go and cover yourself for now, so that the new moon will be seen only after nightfall. The Gemara further relates that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi once said to Rabbi Ḥiyya: Go to a place called Ein Tav and sanctify the New Moon there, and send me a sign that you have sanctified it. The sign is: David, king of Israel, lives and endures.,The Sages taught in a baraita: Once the sky was covered with clouds, and the form of the moon was visible on the twenty-ninth of the month. The people thought to say that the day was the New Moon, and the court sought to sanctify it. However, Rabban Gamliel said to them: This is the tradition that I received from the house of my father’s father: The monthly cycle of the renewal of the moon takes no less than twenty-nine and a half days, plus two-thirds of an hour, plus seventy-three of the 1,080 subsections of an hour.,The baraita continues: And on that day the mother of the Sage ben Zaza died, and Rabban Gamliel delivered a great eulogy on her behalf. He did this not because she was worthy of this honor; rather, he eulogized her so that the people would know that the court had not sanctified the month, as eulogies are prohibited on the New Moon.,§ The mishna taught that Rabbi Akiva went and found him distressed that the head of the Great Sanhedrin was forcing him to desecrate the day that he maintained was Yom Kippur. A dilemma was raised before the Sages: Who was distressed? Was Rabbi Akiva distressed or was Rabbi Yehoshua distressed? The Gemara answers: Come and hear, as it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Akiva went and found Rabbi Yehoshua in a state of distress, and he said to him: My teacher, for what reason are you distressed? Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: Rabbi Akiva, it is fitting for one to fall sick in bed for twelve months, rather than to have this decree issued against him that he should have to desecrate Yom Kippur.,Rabbi Akiva said to him: My teacher, allow me to say before you one matter that you yourself once taught me. He said to him: Speak. He said to him: It states with respect to the Festivals: “The appointed seasons of the Lord, which you shall proclaim them otam to be sacred convocations (Leviticus 23:2). And it is written: “These are the appointed seasons of the Lord, sacred convocations; you shall proclaim them otam in their season” (Leviticus 23:4). And it is written: “These are the appointed seasons of the Lord; you shall proclaim them otam to be sacred convocations” (Leviticus 23:37). Three times the verses use the term: Them otam, which can also be read as you atem, in plural.,This comes to teach: You atem are authorized to determine the date of the new month, even if you unwittingly establish the New Moon on the wrong day; you, even if you do so intentionally; you, even if you are misled by false witnesses. In all cases, once the court establishes the day as the New Moon, it is sanctified, and God grants His consent. After hearing this, Rabbi Yehoshua said to him in these words: Akiva, you have consoled me; you have consoled me.,§ The mishna taught that Rabbi Yehoshua next came to Rabbi Dosa ben Horkinas, who proved to him that the court of Rabban Gamliel has the same legal status as the court of Moses. The Sages taught in a baraita: Why were the names of these seventy Elders who sat together with Moses on his court not specified? The reason is so that a person not say: Is so-and-so the judge in my time, like Moses and Aaron? Is so-and-so like Nadav and Avihu? Is so-and-so like Eldad and Medad? Therefore, the names of the other elders were not specified, so that there is no way of knowing the qualifications of the elders in the time of Moses to compare them to later judges.,And similarly it says: “And Samuel said to the people: It is the Lord Who made Moses and Aaron” (I Samuel 12:6). And it says further: “And the Lord sent Jerubaal and Bedan and Jephthah and Samuel” (I Samuel 12:11). The Gemara explains: Jerubaal, this is Gideon. And why is he called Jerubaal? The reason is that he waged a quarrel against Baal. Bedan, this is Samson. And why is he called Bedan? As he came from the tribe of Dan. Jephthah, in accordance with its regular meaning, i.e., this is referring to Jephthah himself and is not a nickname.''. None | |
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35. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendar • calendars, Christian • calendars, Gregorian • calendars, lunisolar • calendars, solar
Found in books: Rüpke (2011) 157; Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 28
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36. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendars • calendars, Christian
Found in books: Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022) 340; Rüpke (2011) 164
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37. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • calendars • calendars, Christian
Found in books: Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022) 340; Rüpke (2011) 164, 168
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38. Epigraphy, Ig I , 7, 35, 84, 250
Tagged with subjects: • Athens,, Sacred Calendar of • Eleusis,, Sacred Calendar of • Erchia, sacrificial calendar • Erchia,, Sacred Calendar of • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • Sacrificial Calendar at Athens • Solon, calendar of • assembly, calendar • burial, calendar • calendars • calendars, Boedromion • calendars, Metageitnion • calendars, Mounychion • calendars, Thargeleion • calendars, fasti sacres, months, Athenian • calendars, sacred • calendars, sacred, of Nicomachus • calendars, sacred, of Salaminioi • writing, calendar
Found in books: Connelly (2007) 199, 200; Humphreys (2018) 553, 555, 556, 647, 808; Lalone (2019) 169; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 17, 53, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 75; Mikalson (2016) 121, 128, 170, 218; Papazarkadas (2011) 72, 82, 85, 129; Pirenne-Delforge and Pironti (2022) 182
| 7. The Council and People decided. - was the prytany. - was secretary. - was chairman. - proposed: concerning the request of the Praxiergidai to write up the oracle of the god and the decrees formerly made about them (5) on a stone stele and set it down on the acropolis (polei) behind the old temple; . . . . . . ; and the money . . . . . . of the goddess according to ancestral tradition . . . the payment officers (kolakretai) shall give them the money. (10) Apollo issued the following oracle: it is better for the Praxiergidai to put the peplos on the goddess and make preliminary sacrifice to the Fates, to Zeus Leader of the Fates, to Earth . . . Uninscribed space These are the ancestral traditions of the Praxiergidai . . . . . . Uncertain amount of text missing (15) . . . provide (?) (parechen) . . . for the Praxiergi?dai . . . the fleece (koidion) . . . according to tradition . . . provide (parechen) (20) . . . Thargelion . . . the archon shall give (?) . . . in accordance with ancestral tradition. The Praxiergidai shall put on the peplos. (25) The Praxiergidai shall pay for (apotinen?) (?) a medimnos of barley. text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG I3
7 - Decree about genos Praxiergidai
35. The Council and People decided.? . . . -kos proposed: to install a priestess for Athena Nike to be allotted? from all Athenian women, (5) and that the sanctuary (hieron) be provided with gates in whatever way Kallikrates may specify; and the official sellers (poletas) are to place the contract within the prytany of Leontis; the priestess is to receive fifty drachmas and (10) to receive the backlegs and skins of the public sacrifices (demosion); and that a temple (neon) be built in whatever way Kallikrates may specify and a stone altar. Hestiaios proposed: that three men be selected (15) from the Council; and they shall make the specifications with Kallikrates and show them to? the Council? in accordance with the contracts? . . . text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG I3
35 - Decree about priestess and temple of Athena Nike
84. Gods. Decree 1 The Council and the People decided. Pandionis was in prytany, Aristoxenos was secretary, Antiochides was chairman, Antiphon was archon (418/
7); Adosios proposed: to fence in the sanctuary (hieron) of Kodros and Neleus and Basile and (5) to lease (misthōsai) the sacred precinct (temenos) according to the specifications (suggraphas). Let the official sellers (pōlētai) make the contract (apomisthōsantōn) for the fencing in. Let the king (basileus) lease (apomisthōsatō) the sacred precinct according to the specifications, and let him despatch the boundary-commissioners (horistas) to demarcate these sanctuaries (hiera) so that they may be in the best and most pious condition. The money for the fencing in shall come from the sacred precinct. They shall carry out these provisions before the end of this Council\'s term of office, (10) otherwise each shall be liable to a fine of one thousand drachmas according to what has been proposed (eiremena). Decree 2 Adosios proposed: in other respects in accordance with the Council’s proposal, but let the king (basileus) and the official sellers (pōlētai) lease (misthōsatō) the sacred precinct of Neleus and Basile for twenty years according to the specifications. The lessee (misthōsamenos) shall fence in the sanctuary (hieron) of Kodros and Neleus and Basile at his own expense. Whatever (15) rent the sacred precinct may produce in each year, let him deposit the money in the ninth prytany (prutaneias) with the receivers (apodektai), and let the receivers (apodektais) hand it over to the treasurers of the Other Gods according to the law. If the king (basileus) or anyone else of those instructed about these matters does not carry out what has been decreed in the prytany (prutaneias) of Aigeis, (20) let him be liable to a fine of 10,000 drachmas. The purchaser of the mud (ilun) shall remove it from the ditch (taphro) during this very Council after paying to Neleus the price at which he made the purchase. Let the king (basileus) erase the name of the purchaser of the mud (ilun) once he has paid the fee (misthōsin). Let the king (basileus) write up instead (anteggraphsato) on the wall the name of the lessee (misthōsamenos) of the sacred precinct and for how much he has rented (misthōsētai) it (25) and the names of the guarantors in accordance with the law that concerns the sacred precincts (temenōn). So that anyone who wishes may be able to know, let the secretary (grammateus) of the Council inscribe this decree on a stone stele and place it in the Neleion next to the railings (ikria).10 Let the payment officers (kolakretai) give the money to this end. The king (basileus) shall lease (misthoun) the sacred precinct of Neleus and of Basile on the following terms: (30) that the lessee (misthōsamenos) fence in the sanctuary (hieron) of Kodros and Neleus and Basile according to the specifications (suggraphas) during the term of the Council that is about to enter office, and that he work the sacred precinct of Neleus and Basile on the following terms: that he plant young sprouts of olive trees, no fewer than 200, and more if he wishes; that the lessee (misthōsamenos) have control of the ditch (taphro) and the water from Zeus,11 (
35) as much as flows in between the Dionysion and the gates whence the initiates march out to the sea, and as much as flows in between the public building (oikias tes demosias)12 and the gates leading out to the bath of Isthmonikos; lease (misthoun) it for twenty years. text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG I3
84 - Decree on the administration of the property of Kodros, Neleus and Basile
250. Face A . . . . . . if anyone does any of these things, let him pay . . . to the deme (5) . . . the priestess shall provide for the - boiling meat and roasting meat; for the Antheia and Proerosia: spits, a bronze pot; the religious officials (10) and whoever they require shall carry rods. It is not permitted to put these stipulations to the vote again unless one hundred demesmen are present. (15) Here (?) (teide), a piglet; to the Eleusinion, for Daira, a female lamb, leader of the Proerosia (preroarchos); to the Eleusinion, for the Proerosia, a full-grown female animal, a male piglet; priestly (20) perquisites (apometra), a quart (tetarteus); here, half a quart of barley for the Proerosia, two pigs, one male and one female; priestly perquisites, a quart; here, (25) half a quart; to the Eleusinion, for the Chloia, two piglets, one male and one female; priestly perquisites, 3 (drachmas), 3 obols. For the Antheia, a select sow, (30) pregt, a piglet, male; priestly perquisites, a quart; here, half a quart. . . . . . . (
35) female . . . . . . Face B . . . priestly perquisites, a quart; here, half a quart; barley for the Proerosia, (5) two pigs, one female and one male; priestly perquisites, a quart; here, half a quart; . . . to the Eleusinion . . . (10) . . . . . . . . . two -, one female and one male; priestly perquisites, three (drachmas) of Hekate (?) . . . (15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (20) priestly perquisites . . . . . . full-grown; for Zeus Herkeios -; for the two goddesses - a full-grown female animal, a piglet?; priestly perquisites, (25) a quart; here, half a quart . . . sow . . . piglet . . . priestly perquisites, a quart; here, half a quart; (30) to the Eleusinion, for the Chloia, two piglets, one female, one male; priestly perquisites, 3 (drachmas), 3 obols. For the priestess of Hekate, from whatever sacrifices are made to Hekate shall be given (
35) a thigh, a flank; whoever (the priestess) nominates to be temple attendant shall leave behind pea soup and cup(s?) of gruel (?) . . . . . . text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG I3
250 - Deme decree relating to cult at Paiania ''. None |
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39. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 1006, 1011, 1072, 1177, 1356, 1363, 1496, 1672, 2490, 2499
Tagged with subjects: • Athens,, Sacred Calendar of • Eleusis, sacrificial calendar from deme • Eleusis,, Sacred Calendar of • Erchia, sacrificial calendar from deme • Erchia,, Sacred Calendar of • Marathon, sacrificial calendar from deme • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • Sacrificial Calendar at Athens • Solon, calendar of • Teithras, sacrificial calendar • Teithras, sacrificial calendar from deme • Thorikos, deme, sacrificial calendar from deme • assembly, calendar • burial, calendar • calendars • calendars, Boedromion • calendars, sacred • sacrificial calendars
Found in books: Connelly (2007) 199, 200; Ekroth (2013) 138, 144, 151, 234; Humphreys (2018) 552, 556, 808; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 17, 61, 97, 99; Mikalson (2016) 171; Papazarkadas (2011) 80, 81, 118; Pirenne-Delforge and Pironti (2022) 186
| 1177. . . . the demarch in office at any time shall take care of the Thesmophorion together with the priestess, that no-one releases anything or gathers a thiasos or installs sacred objects (5) or performs purification rites or approaches the altars or the pit (megaron) without the priestess except when it is the festival of the Thesmophoria or the Plerosia or the Kalamaia (10) or the Skira or another day on which the women come together according to ancestral tradition; that the Piraeans shall resolve: if anyone does any of these things in contravention of these provisions, the demarch (15) shall impose a penalty and bring him before a law court under the laws that are in place with respect to these things; and concerning the gathering of wood in the sanctuaries, if anyone gathers wood, may the old laws (archaious nomous) (20) be valid, those that are in place with respect to these matters; and the boundary officers (horistas) shall inscribe this decree together with the demarch and stand it by the way up to the Thesmophorion. text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG II2
1177 - Decree of deme Piraeus concerning the Thesmophorion
1356. . . . . . . for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup (kotulēs) of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood (phruganōn), 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. (5) For the priestess of the Heroine, priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; the skins of the all the victims for the Heroine (hērōiniōn); for a singed full-grown victim, 3 dr.; a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch- flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of Dionysos Anthios, (10) priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; the skin of the billy-goat (trago); on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of Hera, priestly dues (hierōsuna), 5 dr.; the skin of the ewe (oios); for a singed full-grown victim, 3 dr.; a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on (15) the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of Demeter Chloe, priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of -, (20) priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; the skin of the ewe (oios); a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of the Chaste Goddess (Hagnēs Theo), priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; for a third (triteōs) of barley, 1 dr.; for a sixth (hekteōs) of wheat, (25) 1 dr.; for two cups of honey, 1 dr.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for a chous of wine, 2½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; for logs (xulōn), 3 dr. For the priest of the Chaste Goddess, the same as for the priestess, and the skins of the animals sacrificed for both, and 20 dr. For the priest of Paralos, priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr., and 10 dr.; the skin of the wether (oios); for a sixth (hekteōs) of wheat, 1 dr.; for two cups of honey, 1 dr.; (30) for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for a fourth of barley, 4½ ob.; for two choes (chooin) of wine, 5 ob.; for firewood, 2 ob. For the priest of the Archegetes and of the other heroes, priestly dues, 5 dr.; the skins of whatever victims he consecrates for sacrifice (katarxētai); on the sacrificial hearth (escharan); for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; whenever (he prepares) the table, (35) for two choinikes (choinikoin) of barley, 1½ ob.; for two cups of olive oil, 1 ob.; for half a cup (hēmikotulio) of honey, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob. And whenever one of the Fifties (pentēkostuōn) sacrifices anywhere at the hero-shrines, they shall provide on the table two choinikes (choinike) of wheat, two cups of oil, half a cup (hēmikotulion) of honey. text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG II2
1356 - Provisions for priests and priestesses (in Aixone?)
1363. col. 1 . . . Pyanopsion . . . On the fourth? . . . - dr. . . . to the Eleusinion On the fifth for the hierophant and the herald (5) for lunch, when they announce the festival 1 dr. 3 ob. of the Proerosia. On the seventh 20 dr. for Apollo Pythios, a goat (10) and the things for the rites, a suckling lamb? (progonion) and accompaniments to adorn a table for the god; priestly dues (hiereōsuna) for the priest one line erased (15) for the hierophant and the priestesses from Eleusis at the all-night revel to provide libations and barley cakes . . . (20) one line erased? . . . to the underground pit (megaron) . . . ?; 10 dr. for the perquisites (apometra) for the priestess; for the priestess of Plouton (25) to the hearths (hestias{as}) (?) in honour of the two - dr. Thesmophorian goddesses . . . a basket - dr. . . . wood for the altar and . . . col. 2 Skirophorion? . . . (30) . . . On the twelfth? . . . . . . 20 dr. . . . (35) . . . . . . for Poseidon . . . a cake . . . . . . (40) . . . 20 dr. . . . . . . text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG II2
1363 - Sacrificial calendar from Eleusis ' '. None |
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40. Epigraphy, Seg, 21.541, 24.151, 33.147, 43.26, 50.168, 52.48, 54.214
Tagged with subjects: • Erchia, sacrificial calendar • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • Solon, calendar of • Teithras, sacrificial calendar • assembly, calendar • burial, calendar • calendars • calendars, Boedromion • calendars, Kyanopsion • calendars, Maimakterion • calendars, Metageitnion • calendars, fasti • calendars, fasti sacres, months • calendars, fasti sacres, months, Athenian • calendars, sacred • calendars, sacred, of Erchia • calendars, sacred, of Marathon Tetrapolis • calendars, sacred, of Nicomachus • calendars, sacrificial • demes, religion of calendars • writing, calendar
Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 403; Hitch (2017) 159; Humphreys (2018) 355, 552, 553, 554, 555, 558, 559, 659, 808; Lalone (2019) 5, 183; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 61, 64, 65, 291; Mikalson (2016) 61, 100, 106, 167, 199, 232, 235; Papazarkadas (2011) 81, 82, 118, 129, 142, 255; Parker (2005) 65; Pirenne-Delforge and Pironti (2022) 177, 178, 183
| 21.541. Gods The Greater Demarchy (dēmarchia hē mezōn) Α Metageitnion, on the twelfth, for Apollo Lykeios, in the city, (5) a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), 12 dr.; - on the twentieth (dekatei proterai), for Hera Thelchinia, on the hill (em pagōi) at Erchia, a lamb (arna), (10) all black, no taking away (ou phora), 7 dr.; - Boedromion, on the twenty-seventh (tetradi phthinontos), for the Nymphs, (15) on the hill at Erchia, a sheep, 10 dr.; - Pyanopsion, on the fourteenth, for the heroines (20) in the hollow (en aulōni) at Erchia, a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), for the priestess the skin, 10 dr.; - Gamelion, on the seventh, (25) for Kourotrophos, in the Delphinion at Erchia, a piglet, 3 dr.; - for Apollo Delphinios, at Erchia, (30) a sheep, 12 dr.; - on the eighth, for Apollo Apotropaios, at Erchia (35) towards Paiania, a goat, 12 dr.; - Anthesterion, at the Diasia, in the city (en astei) at Agrai, (40) for Zeus Meilichios, a sheep, wineless (nēphalios) up until (the roasting of) the innards, 12 dr.; - Elaphebolion, (45) on the sixteenth, for Semele, at the same altar, a goat, to be handed over to the women, (50) for the priestess the skin, no taking away (ou phora), 10 dr.; - Thargelion, on the fourth, for Leto, at the (55) Pythion at Erchia, a goat, 10 dr.; - Skirophorion, on the third, for Kourotrophos, (60) on the acropolis (em polei) at Erchia, a piglet, 3 dr.; - for Athena Polias, on the acropolis at Erchia, a sheep (65) instead of a bovine (antibous), 10 dr.; total 111 dr. Β Metageitnion, on the twelfth, at the Eleusinion in the city, for Demeter, (5) a sheep, 10 dr.; - on the sixteenth, for Kourotrophos, in Hekate’s (sanctuary) at Erchia, a piglet, (10) 3 dr.; - for Artemis Hekate, at Erchia, a goat, 10 dr.; - Boedromion, (15) on the fourth, for Basile, at Erchia, a ewe-lamb (amnē), white, burnt whole (holokautos), wineless (nēphalios), (20) 7 dr.; - on the twenty-seventh (tetradi phthinontos) on the hill at Erchia, for Acheloos, (25) a sheep, 12 dr.; - Gamelion on the ninth, at the Erosouria (?), on the acropolis (30) at Erchia, for Athena, a ewe-lamb, 7 dr.; - on the twenty- seventh (tetradi phthinontos), for Kourotrophos, in (35) Hera’s (sanctuary) at Erchia, a piglet, 3 dr.; - for Hera, at Erchia, a sheep, for the priestess the skin, 10 dr.; (40) - Mounichion, on the fourth, for the Herakleidai, a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), at Erchia, 12 dr.; (45) - Thargelion on the fourth, for Apollo Pythios, at Erchia, a goat, to be handed over (50) to the Pythaistai, 12 dr.; - for Apollo Paion, on the hill at Erchia, a sheep, 12 dr.; (55) - Skirophorion, on the third, for Aglauros, on the acropolis at Erchia, a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), 10 dr.; (60) - total 108 dr. Γ Hekatombaion, on the twenty- first (dekatei husterai), for Kourotrophos, at (5) Sotidai at Erchia, a piglet, no taking away (ou phora), 3 dr.; - for Artemis at Sotidai at Erchia, (10) a goat, no taking away (ou phora), the skin to be consecrated, 10 dr.; - Metageitnion, on the twelfth, (15) for Zeus Polieus, on the acropolis in the city, a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), 12 dr.; - on the twenty-fifth (hektei phthinontos), (20) for Zeus Epopetes, on the hill at Erchia, a piglet, burnt whole (holokautos), wineless (nēphalios), (25) 3 dr.; - Boedromion, on the twenty-seventh (tetradi phthinontos), for Alochos, on the hill (30) at Erchia, a sheep, 10 dr.; - Gamelion, on the eighth, for Apollo Apotropaios, (35) at Erchia, a goat, to be handed over to the Pythaistai, 12 dr.; - on the twenty-seventh (tetradi phthinontos), for Zeus (40) Teleios, in Hera’s (sanctuary) at Erchia, a sheep, 12 dr.; - Anthesterion, on the second, (45) for Dionysos, at Erchia, a kid (eriphos), very young (proptorthi(os)), 5 dr.; - Mounichion, on the twentieth (dekatei proterai), (50) for Leukaspis, at Erchia, a sheep, wineless (nēphalios), no taking away (ou phora), 12 dr.; - Thargelion, (55) on the fourth, for Zeus, on the hill at Erchia, a sheep, 12 dr.; - Skirophorion, (60) on the third, for Zeus Polieus, on the acropolis at Erchia, a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), 12 dr.; (65) - on the sixteenth, . . . Δ Hekatombaion, on the twenty- first (dekatei husterai), for Kourotrophos, on (5) the peak (epi to akro) at Erchia, a piglet, no taking away (ou phora), 3 dr.; - for Artemis on the peak at Erchia, (10) a goat, no taking away (ou phora), the skin to be consecrated, 10 dr.; - Metageitnion, on the twelfth; (15) for Athena Polias, on the acropolis in the city, a sheep, 10 dr.; - Boedromion, on the fifth, (20) for Epops, at Erchia, a piglet, burnt whole (holokautos), wineless (nēphali(os)), 3 dr.; - on the twenty-seventh (tetradi phthinontos), (25) for Hermes, on the hill at Erchia, a sheep, 12 dr.; - Gamelion, on the twenty-seventh (tetradi phthinontos) (30) for Poseidon, in Hera’s (sanctuary) at Erchia, a sheep, 12 dr.; - Elaphebolion, on the sixteenth, (35) for Dionysos, at Erchia, a goat, to be handed over to the women, no taking away (ou phora), for the priestess (40) the skin, 12 dr.; - Mounichion, on the twenty-first (dekatei husterai), for the Tritopatreis, at Erchia, (45) a sheep, wineless (nēphalios), no taking away (ou phora), 12 dr.; - Thargelion, on the fourth, for the Anakes, (50) at Erchia, a sheep, 12 dr.; - on the nineteenth, for Menedeios, at Erchia, (55) a sheep, no taking away, 12 dr.; - Skirophorion, on the third, for Poseidon, on the acropolis (60) at Erchia, a sheep, 12 dr.; total 110 dr. Ε Metageitnion, on the nine- teenth, for the heroines at (5) the rush-bed (epi schoinōi) at Erchia, a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), for the priestess the skin, 10 dr.; - Boedromion, (10) on the fifth, at Erchia, for Epops, a piglet, burnt whole (holokautos), wineless (nēphalios), (15) 3 dr.; - on the twenty-seventh (tetradi phthinontos), for Earth (Gēi), on the hill at Erchia, a sheep, (20) pregt, no taking away (ou phora), 10 dr.; - Posideon, on the sixteenth, for Zeus, on the (25) rock or rocky place (em petrēi) at Erchia, a sheep, no taking away (ou phora), 12 dr.; - for Zeus Horios, at Erchia, a piglet, (30) no taking away (ou phora), 3 dr.; - Gamelion, on the seventh, for Apollo Lykeios, (35) at Erchia, a sheep, to be handed over to the Pythaistai, no taking away (ou phora), 12 dr.; - on the eighth, (40) for Apollo Nymphegetes, at Erchia, a goat, 12 dr.; - for the Nymphs, at (45) the same altar, a goat, 10 dr.; - Thargelion, on the fourth, for Hermes, (50) in the agora at Erchia, a ram, let the herald make the sacrifice to him (55) and receive the perquisites (gera) just like the demarch, 10 dr.; - on the sixteenth, (60) for Zeus Epakrios, on Hymettos, a lamb (arēn), wineless (nēphalios), no taking away (ou phora), 7 dr.; - Skirophorion, . . . text from Attic Inscriptions Online, SEG
21.541 - Sacrificial calendar of Erchia
33.147. Face A (front) . . . Hekatombaion: . . . and for the . . . to provide lunch (aristom) . . . a drachma each (5) . . . the Proerosia offering (?) (tēn prēro-), . . . the Delphinion, a goat . . . for Hekate . . . _ . . . a full-grown victim (teleom), to be sold (praton). (10) Metageitnion: for Zeus Kataibates in the sacred enclosure (sēkōi) by the Delphini?on, a full-grown victim (teleon), to be sold (praton). _ An oath victim (horkōmosion) is to be provided for the audits (euthunas). Boedromion: the Proerosia; for Zeus Polieus, a select (kriton) sheep, a select piglet; at Automenai (?) (ep&
43.26. Decree 1 Diogenes son of Naukydes proposed: since Phanomachos the treasurer in the archonship of Praxiboulos (315/4) both sacrificed all the sacrifices to the gods and heroes in the year on behalf of the demesmen (5) and managed the Dionysia well and with love of honour (philotimōs) with the demarch Oinophilos and made a libation bowl (phialēn) of silver weighing a mina (= 100 dr.) according to the law and has given a full account of his ficial administration (hōn diōikēsen) both to the (10) city and to the demesmen within the times specified in the laws of the city and the demesmen and has deposited (katabeblēken) with the Acharnians the surplus of the money from his ficial administration (dioikēseōs), 329 drachmas, and rendered (15) his accounts (euthunas), in which he was deemed to have held office as treasurer justly, and managed everything else that the Acharnians required of him well and with love of honour (philotimōs); the Acharnians shall resolve, to praise Phanomachos son of Nikodemos of Acharnai and (20) crown him with a foliage crown for his love of honour (philotimias) and justice towards the demesmen; and the secretary of the demesmen shall inscribe this decree on a stone stele and stand it in the sanctuary of Athena Hippia; (25) and the treasurer shall give 20 drachmas for inscribing the stele and account for it to the demesmen. Decree 2 Diogenes son of Naukydes proposed: since the demarch Oinophilos and the treasurer Phanomachos and (30) the manager of the Dionysia have managed well and with love of honour (philotimōs) both the sacrifice to Dionysos and the procession and the competition and are administering (dioikousin) everything else on behalf of the demesmen according to the laws, the Acharnians shall resolve, (35) to praise the demarch Oinophilos son of Oinophilos and the treasurer Phanomachos son of Nikodemos and the manager, Leon son of Dion, and crown each of them with an ivy crown and the demarch shall announce these (40)crowns at the Dionysia in Acharnai in the competition; and the demarch Oinophilos shall inscribe this decree on a stone stele and stand it in the sanctuary of Athena Hippia; and the treasurer Phanomachos shall give 20 drachmas (45)for inscribing the stele and account for it to the demesmen; and they shall have a seat of honour, themselves and their descendants, for all time at the Dionysia at Acharnai in the competition, in the front row (epi tou prōtou bathrou). text from Attic Inscriptions Online, SEG
43.26 - Two honorific decrees of the deme Acharnai, 315/4 BC
50.168. Face A col. 1 . . . fourth quarter, (5) Mounichion, for - Prakterios, a ram, 12 dr.; Thargelion, . . . by the tower, a sheep, 12 dr.; Skirophorion, (10) . . . in the agora, a ram, 12 dr., on the eleventh or twelfth?, for Zeus Horios, a sheep, 12 dr., for . . . , a sheep, 11 dr., ...? the following . . . . . . in the year of the - in (?) . . . each (15) . . . in order as is written . . . the one on the . . . by the Eleusinion . . . in Kynosoura . . . by the Herakleion;11 (20) ...? fourth quarter, Mounichion, . . . a sheep, 12 dr.; ...? first quarter, Hekatombaion, (25) on the date, for Apollo? Apotropaios, a goat, 12 dr.; second quarter, Pyanopsion, . . . a pregt sheep, 17 dr.; fourth quarter, Mounichion, (30) . . . a goat, 12 dr., . . . 12 dr.; ...? fourth quarter, Mounichion, . . . -aios, a goat, 12 dr., (35) . . . , a sheep, 12 dr., . . . , a sheep, 12 dr., . . . , a sheep, 12 dr.; . . . prior? sequence (dramosunē), (40) second quarter, Pyanopsion, . . . , a bovine, 90 dr.; third quarter, Gamelion, . . . -idai, a pregt sow, 70 (?) dr.; fourth quarter, Mounichion, (45) . . . Nymphagetes, a goat, 12 dr.; Thargelion? . . . river (?), a ram, 12 dr., . . . a goat, 12 dr., . . . a ram, 12 dr., (50) . . . a goat, 12 dr., . . . a sheep, 12 dr., . . . a sheep, 11 dr.; Skirophorion?, . . . a sheep, 12 dr., (55) for Athena Hellotis,10 a piglet, 3 dr., . . . col. 2 . . . these the demarch of Marathon sacrifices . . . within ten days, for the hero . . . a piglet, 3 dr., table for the hero, 1 dr.?; (5) Boedromion, before the Mysteries . . . a bovine, 90 dr., a sheep, 12 dr., for Kourotrophos a sheep, 11 dr.?; second quarter, Posideon . . . a bovine, 150 dr., a sheep, 12 dr., for the heroine a sheep, 11 dr.?, priestly dues (hierōsuna), 7 dr., for Earth in the fields (Gēi eg guais), a pregt bovine, 90 (?) dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 4 dr.?, (10) at the rite (teletēi), baskets (?) (spuridia??), 40 dr.; third quarter, Gamelion . . . for Daira, a pregt sheep, 16 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 1 dr., for Earth at the oracle (Gēi epi tōi manteiōi), a sheep, 11 dr., for Zeus Hypatos? . . . for Ioleus, a sheep, 12 dr., for Kourotrophos, a piglet, 3 dr., a table, (15) 1 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 2 dr. 1½ ob., for the hero Pheraios a sheep, 12 dr. ?, for the heroine, a sheep, 11 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 3 dr.; Elaphebolion, on the tenth, for Earth at the oracle (Gēi epi tōi manteiōi), a completely black he-goat, 15 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna) . . . ; fourth quarter, Mounichion, for Aristomachos, (20) a bovine, 90 dr., a sheep, 12 dr., for the heroine, a sheep, 11 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 7 dr., for the Youth (Neaniai), a bovine, 90 dr., a sheep, 12 dr., a piglet 3 dr., for the heroine, a sheep, 11 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 7 dr. 1½ ob.; these the demarch of Marathon sacrifices, for the hero in Drasileia, a sheep, 12 dr., a table, 1 dr., for the heroine, a sheep, 11 dr., (25) for the hero by the marsh sanctuary (Hellōtion), a sheep, 12 dr., a table, 1 dr., for the heroine, a sheep, 11 dr.; Thargelion, for Achaia, a ram, 12 dr., a female (i.e. a ewe), 11 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 3 dr., for the Fates (Moirais), a piglet, 3 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 1½ ob.; (30) Skirophorion, before Skira, for Hyttenios, the annual offerings (hōraia), a sheep, 12 dr., for Kourotrophos, a piglet, 3 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 2 dr. 1½ ob., for the Tritopatreis, a sheep, 12 dr.?, priestly dues (hierōsuna), 2 dr., for the Akamantes, a sheep, 12 dr., priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 2 dr.; these every other year, prior sequence (protera dramosunē), (35) Hekatombaion, for Athena Hellotis,10 a bovine, 90 dr., three sheep, 33 dr., a piglet, 3 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 7 dr. 1½ ob., for Kourotrophos, a sheep, 11 dr., a piglet, 3 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 1 dr. 1½ ob., for the laurel-bearers (daphnēphorois), 7 dr.; these are sacrificed every other year, after the archonship of Euboulos (40) for the Tetrapoleis, posterior sequence (hustera dramosunē), Hekatombaion, for Athena Hellotis,10 a sheep, 11 dr., for Kourotrophos, a piglet, 3 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 1 dr. 1½ ob.; Metageitnion, for Eleusinia, a bovine, 90 dr., for the Girl (Korēi), a ram, 12 dr., 3 piglets, 9 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), (45) 6 dr. 4½ ob., a sixth (hekteus) of barley, 4 ob., a chous of wine 1 dr., for Kourotrophos, a sheep, 11 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 1 dr., for Zeus Anthaleus, a sheep, 12 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 2 dr.; Anthesterion, for Eleusinia, a pregt sow, 70 (?) dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 1 dr., for Chloe by the property of Meidylos, a pregt sow, 70 dr.?, (50) priestly dues (hierōsuna), 1 dr., a sixth (hekteus) of barley, 4 ob., a chous of wine 1 dr.; Skirophorion, before Skira, for Galios, a ram, 12 dr., priestly dues (hierōsuna), 2 dr., for the well (?) (phreatos), 6 dr., for the Tritopatreis, a table, 1 dr.. At Trikorynthos these every year, first quarter, (55) Metageitnion, for Hera,12 a bovine, 90 dr., a sheep, 11 dr. . . . for Kourotrophos . . . Face B . . . -sistratos of Marathon . . . of Marathon, 20 dr., Archenautes of Marathon, 22 (?) dr., . . . (≥) 10 dr., Hegesistratos of Marathon, . . . -doros . . . Isodikos of Oinoe, (≥) 10 dr., (5) . . . -gonos, Hagnostratos of Marathon, . . . , Patrokles of Oinoe, (≥) 10 dr., . . . 612 dr. 3 ob. (?), . . . of Marathon, . . . of Oinoe, . . . . . . -chos . . . of Marathon . . . . . . (≥) 30 dr. (?) . . . (≥) 20 dr. (?) (10) . . . (≥) 20 dr. (?) . . . . . . of Marathon . . . . . . (≥) 11 dr. (?) . . . (15) . . . (≥) 20 dr. (?) . . . . . . . . . (≥) 3 dr. (?) . . . of Marathon, 60 dr. (?) . . . of Marathon, 12 dr. (?) (20) . . . . . . About 28 lines illegible (50) . . . Hagetor of Probalinthos (?) . . . . . . (≥) 70 dr. . . . . . . . of Marathon, 11 dr. (?), . . . About 8 lines illegible (61) . . . (≥) 2 dr. (?) . . . . . . text from Attic Inscriptions Online, SEG
50.168 - The sacrificial calendar of the Marathonian Tetrapolis
54.214. . . . . . . for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup (kotulēs) of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood (phruganōn), 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. (5) For the priestess of the Heroine, priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; the skins of the all the victims for the Heroine (hērōiniōn); for a singed full-grown victim, 3 dr.; a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch- flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of Dionysos Anthios, (10) priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; the skin of the billy-goat (trago); on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of Hera, priestly dues (hierōsuna), 5 dr.; the skin of the ewe (oios); for a singed full-grown victim, 3 dr.; a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on (15) the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of Demeter Chloe, priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of -, (20) priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; the skin of the ewe (oios); a share of the meat; for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; on the table, a thigh, a haunch-flank, half a head of tripe or sausage. For the priestess of the Chaste Goddess (Hagnēs Theo), priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr.; for a third (triteōs) of barley, 1 dr.; for a sixth (hekteōs) of wheat, (25) 1 dr.; for two cups of honey, 1 dr.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for a chous of wine, 2½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob.; for logs (xulōn), 3 dr. For the priest of the Chaste Goddess, the same as for the priestess, and the skins of the animals sacrificed for both, and 20 dr. For the priest of Paralos, priestly dues (hiereōsuna), 5 dr., and 10 dr.; the skin of the wether (oios); for a sixth (hekteōs) of wheat, 1 dr.; for two cups of honey, 1 dr.; (30) for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for a fourth of barley, 4½ ob.; for two choes (chooin) of wine, 5 ob.; for firewood, 2 ob. For the priest of the Archegetes and of the other heroes, priestly dues, 5 dr.; the skins of whatever victims he consecrates for sacrifice (katarxētai); on the sacrificial hearth (escharan); for a half-sixth (hēmiekteō) of wheat, 3 ob.; for three cups of olive oil, 1½ ob.; for a cup of honey, 3 ob.; whenever (he prepares) the table, (35) for two choinikes (choinikoin) of barley, 1½ ob.; for two cups of olive oil, 1 ob.; for half a cup (hēmikotulio) of honey, 1½ ob.; for firewood, 2 ob. And whenever one of the Fifties (pentēkostuōn) sacrifices anywhere at the hero-shrines, they shall provide on the table two choinikes (choinike) of wheat, two cups of oil, half a cup (hēmikotulion) of honey. text from Attic Inscriptions Online, SEG
54.214 - Provisions for priests and priestesses (in Aixone?) ' '. None |
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41. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • calendars • calendars, Christian
Found in books: Ando (2013) 92; Rüpke (2011) 156
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42. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • calendar, • solar calendar (Montanist)
Found in books: Huttner (2013) 300; Tabbernee (2007) 367
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43. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Calendar/Calendrical Issues • Festivals—see also Calendar • calendar • solar (calendar)
Found in books: Fraade (2011) 262; Piotrkowski (2019) 311
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44. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • burial, calendar • calendar, sacrificial • calendars • cultic ritual practice, calendars and festivals • cultic ritual practice, sacrificial and festal calendars • inscriptions, sacrificial calendars • time, calendars
Found in books: Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 539; Humphreys (2018) 582; Lupu(2005) 65; Pirenne-Delforge and Pironti (2022) 109
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45. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Cos, calendar of • Eleusis, sacrificial calendar from deme • Eleusis,, Sacred Calendar of • Erchia, sacrificial calendar from deme • Erchia,, Sacred Calendar of • Kos, sacrificial calendars • Marathon, sacrificial calendar from deme • Mykonos, sacrificial calendar • Rhodes, calendar extracts • Sacrificial Calendar at Athens • Teithras, sacrificial calendar from deme • Thorikos, calendar mythology in • Thorikos, deme, sacrificial calendar from deme • calendar, Athenian state • calendar, Attic demes • calendar, extracts • calendar, festival • calendar, informative vs. uninformative • calendar, publication, of • calendar, sacrificial • calendars • calendars, Kyanopsion • calendars, Maimakterion • calendars, Plynterion • calendars, sacred calendar from Larissa • cultic ritual practice, calendars and festivals • cultic ritual practice, sacrificial and festal calendars • festivals, sacrificial calendars and • inscriptions, sacrificial calendars • sacrificial calendars • synoecism, calendars and • time, calendars
Found in books: Connelly (2007) 200; Dignas (2002) 248; Eidinow and Kindt (2015) 540; Ekroth (2013) 30, 133, 143, 144, 151, 152, 155, 156, 157, 161, 162, 163, 220, 223, 224, 239, 240, 253, 259, 316, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324; Hitch (2017) 70; Lupu(2005) 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 124, 125; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 291, 292; Parker (2005) 72; Pirenne-Delforge and Pironti (2022) 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183
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46. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Cos, calendar of • Eleusis, sacrificial calendar from deme • Erchia, sacrificial calendar from deme • Marathon, sacrificial calendar from deme • Mykonos, sacrificial calendar • Rhodes, calendar extracts • Teithras, sacrificial calendar from deme • Thorikos, deme, sacrificial calendar from deme • assembly, calendar • calendar, Athenian state • calendar, Attic demes • calendar, commemorative • calendar, extracts • calendar, festival • calendar, informative vs. uninformative • calendar, publication, of • calendar, sacrificial • calendars, Boedromion • calendars, Metageitnion • calendars, sacred • festivals, sacrificial calendars and • gymnasium, calendar • sacrificial calendars • synoecism, calendars and
Found in books: Ekroth (2013) 133, 134, 141, 143, 147, 151, 152, 155, 156, 157, 163, 164, 165, 166, 237, 238, 239, 313; Lupu(2005) 65, 67, 68, 69, 93, 124; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 22, 53, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68
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47. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Erchia, sacrificial calendar • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • calendars, Boedromion • calendars, Metageitnion • calendars, sacred
Found in books: Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 65, 66; Papazarkadas (2011) 81, 129, 142
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48. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Erchia, sacrificial calendar from deme • Marathon, sacrificial calendar from deme • Thorikos, deme, sacrificial calendar from deme • burial, calendar
Found in books: Ekroth (2013) 138, 141; Humphreys (2018) 585
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49. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • Solon, calendar of • calendars, sacred • calendars, sacred, of Erchia • calendars, sacred, of Marathon Tetrapolis • calendars, sacred, of Nicomachus
Found in books: Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 61, 67; Mikalson (2016) 61, 128, 199; Papazarkadas (2011) 80
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50. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • demes, religion of calendars • sacrificial calendars
Found in books: Ekroth (2013) 150; Parker (2005) 66
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51. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Athens,, Sacred Calendar of • Eleusis,, Sacred Calendar of • Erchia, sacrificial calendar • Erchia,, Sacred Calendar of • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • Sacrificial Calendar at Athens • Solon, calendar of • assembly, calendar • burial, calendar • calendars • calendars, Boedromion • calendars, Metageitnion • calendars, Mounychion • calendars, Thargeleion • calendars, fasti sacres, months, Athenian • calendars, sacred • calendars, sacred, of Nicomachus • calendars, sacred, of Salaminioi • writing, calendar
Found in books: Connelly (2007) 199, 200; Humphreys (2018) 553, 555, 556, 647, 808; Lalone (2019) 169; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 17, 53, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 75; Mikalson (2016) 121, 128, 170, 218; Papazarkadas (2011) 72, 82, 85, 129; Pirenne-Delforge and Pironti (2022) 182
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52. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Nikomachos, reviser of the sacrificial calendar • assembly, calendar • calendars, sacred • ritual calendar
Found in books: Heymans (2021) 187; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 16; Papazarkadas (2011) 82
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