1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 17.15, 31.10-13.15 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 115| 17.15. "שׂוֹם תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בּוֹ מִקֶּרֶב אַחֶיךָ תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ לֹא תוּכַל לָתֵת עָלֶיךָ אִישׁ נָכְרִי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־אָחִיךָ הוּא׃", | 17.15. "thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose; one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over thee; thou mayest not put a foreigner over thee, who is not thy brother.", |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 23.40 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 54, 115 | 23.40. "And ye shall take you on the first day the fruit of goodly trees, branches of palm-trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook, and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 118.25, 118.27 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 54, 111| 118.25. "אָנָּא יְהוָה הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא אָנָּא יְהוָה הַצְלִיחָה נָּא׃", 118.27. "אֵל יְהוָה וַיָּאֶר לָנוּ אִסְרוּ־חַג בַּעֲבֹתִים עַד־קַרְנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ׃", | 118.25. "We beseech Thee, O LORD, save now! We beseech Thee, O LORD, make us now to prosper!", 118.27. "The LORD is God, and hath given us light; Order the festival procession with boughs, even unto the horns of the altar.", |
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| 4. Anon., Jubilees, 16, 31-32, 29 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 116 |
5. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 10.7-10.8 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 96, 116 | 10.7. Therefore bearing ivy-wreathed wands and beautiful branches and also fronds of palm, they offered hymns of thanksgiving to him who had given success to the purifying of his own holy place.' 10.8. They decreed by public ordice and vote that the whole nation of the Jews should observe these days every year." |
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6. Tosefta, Rosh Hashanah, 1.15 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 111| 1.15. "אם [אינן] מכירין אותו משלחין עדיו עמו אפילו בשבת מעשה ברבי נהוראי שבא עם העד [בשבת] לאושא והעיד בו. בראשונה היו משיאין משואות בראשי [ההרים] הגבוהים בהר המשחה בסרטבא [ובצרופנה בתבור בחורן בבית דלתיה] רשב\"א אומר אף [בהרי מכמא ותבור] וחברותיה.", | |
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7. Tosefta, Sotah, 7.13-7.17 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 115| 7.13. "[כי] למדה תורה דרך ארץ [נתמנתה לאדם פרנס] יקח [לו] בית חזר [נתמנתה] לו יקח לו שדה חזר [נתמנתה] יקח לו אשה שנאמר (דברים כ׳:ז׳) מי האיש אשר בנה ומי האיש אשר נטע ומי האיש אשר ארש [אשה] וכן שלמה אמר בחכמתו (משלי כ״ד:כ״ז) הכן בחוץ מלאכתך וגו' הכן בחוץ מלאכתך זה בית ועתדה בשדה זה שדה אחר ובנית ביתך זו אשה. ד\"א הכן בחוץ מלאכתך זו מקרא ועתדה בשדה לך [אלו] משנה אחר ובנית ביתך זה מדרש. ד\"א הכן בחוץ מלאכתך [זה משנה] ועתדה בשדה לך זה מדרש אחר ובנית ביתך אלו הלכות. ד\"א הכן בחוץ מלאכתך זה מדרש ועתדה בשדה לך אלו הלכות אחר ובנית ביתך אלו אגדות. ד\"א הכן בחוץ מלאכתך אלו הלכות ועתדה בשדה לך אלו אגדות אחר ובנית ביתך זו תלמוד ר' אליעזר בנו של ר' יוסי הגלילי אומר הכן בחוץ מלאכתך [זה תלמוד] ועתדה בשדה לך [זה מעשה הטוב] אחר ובנית ביתך בא דרוש [וטול שכר].", 7.14. "(דברים כ׳:ח׳) ויספו השוטרים וגו' הירא ורך הלבב [שמתירא מן העבירה] שבידו שנאמר (תהילים מ״ט:ו׳) למה אירא בימי רע דברי ר' יוסי הגלילי ר\"ע אומר מי האיש הירא [ודאי] מה ת\"ל שוב ורך הלבב שאפי' גבור שבגבורים וחזק שבחזקים והיה רחמן היה חוזר שנאמר (דברים כ׳:ח׳) ולא ימס את לבב אחיו כלבבו ר' שמעון אומר כל השומע דברי כהן במערכות [המלחמה] ואינו חוזר לסוף שהוא נופל בחרב ומפיל את ישראל בחרב ומגלה אותם מארצם ובאין אחרים ויושבין בארצם שנא' (שם) ואיש אחר יקחנה יכול דודו ובן דודו נאמר כאן אחר ונאמר להלן אחר מה אחר האמור להלן עובד כוכבים אף [אחר האמור] כאן עובד כוכבים שמע שמת אחיו במלחמה עד שלא נתן במשא חוזר משנתן במשא אין חוזר.", 7.15. "יש יוצאין וחוזרין יוצאין ואין חוזרין ויש שאין יוצאין כל עיקר כל אלו שאמרו יוצאין וחוזרין נותנין [פסי] העיר ומספקין מים ומזון למלחמה ומתקנים את הדרכים ושאר כולן אין חוזרין כל אלו שאמרו אין יוצאין כל עיקר הבונה בית וחנכו ולא שהה שנים עשר חדש נטע כרם וחללו ולא שהה שנים עשר חדש ארס אשה ולקחה ולא שהה שנים עשר חדש הללו אין נותנין פסי העיר ואין מספקין מים ומזון למלחמה ואין מתקנים את הדרכים ר' יהודה היה קורא למלחמת הרשות מלחמת מצוה אבל מלחמת חובה הכל יוצא אפי' חתן מחדרו וכלה מחופתה. ", | |
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8. Tosefta, Sukkah, 1.7, 3.1-3.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 96, 106, 115, 157| 1.7. "מחצלת של [חשיפה] ושל גמי גדולה מסככין בה קטנה אין מסככין בה של קנים ושל חלף גדולה מסככין בה ארוכה אין מסככין בה ר' ישמעאל ברבי יוסי אמר [משם אמו אף ארוכה] מסככין בה וכן היה ר' דוסא אומר כדבריו." 3.1. "לולב דוחה את השבת בתחלתו וערבה בסופו [מעשה וכבשו עליה בייתוסין אבנים גדולים מערב שבת הכירו בהם עמי הארץ ובאו וגררום והוציאום מתחת אבנים בשבת] לפי שאין בייתוסין מודים שחבוט ערבה דוחה שבת.", 3.2. "ערבה הלכה למשה מסיני אבא שאול אומר מן התורה שנאמר וערבי נחל [שתים ערבה ללולב וערבה למזבח] רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר כך היו אומרין ליה וליך המזבח ליה וליך המזבח י\"ח יום בשנה ולילה אחת קורין בהן] את ההלל ואלו הן שמונת ימי [חג ושמונת ימי חנוכה ויום טוב הראשון של פסח ולילו ויו\"ט של עצרת].", | 1.7. "Matting made of shavings or of large reed-grass can be used as a covering, but if it is small they cannot cover with it. Reed mats or rush mats, if large, may be used as a covering, but not they are woven toegther. But R. Yishmael b. R. Yosi said in the name of his father that even if woven together they may be used; and so R. Dosa says, following his opinion." 3.1. "The lulav suspends the Sabbath in the beginning of its duty, and the willow in the end of its duty. There is a story that some Boethusians once hid the willows under some great stones on the Sabbath eve; but when this had become known to the common people they came and dragged them out from under the stones on the Sabbath, for the Boethusians do not acknowledge that the beating of the willow suspends the Sabbath.", 3.2. "The [beat of the willow] is a tradition from Moses at Sinai, and Abba Sha'ul deduced it from Scripture, as it is says, “Willows of the brook”, the plural denoting two, one for the lulav, and one for the altar. Rabbi Elieser ben Yacov said, Thus were they saying, \"To Him and to thee, O altar, to Him and to thee, O altar!\" Eighteen days and one night (in the year) the entire Hallel is repeated. These are: the eight days of sukkot, the eight days of Hanukkah, the first day of Passover, the night of the first day of Passover, and the first day of Shavuot.", |
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9. Mishnah, Taanit, 4.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 157| 4.4. "כָּל יוֹם שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ הַלֵּל, אֵין בּוֹ מַעֲמָד בַּשַּׁחֲרִית. קָרְבַּן מוּסָף, אֵין בּוֹ בַנְּעִילָה. קָרְבַּן עֵצִים, אֵין בּוֹ בַמִּנְחָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. אָמַר לוֹ בֶן עַזַּאי, כָּךְ הָיָה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שׁוֹנֶה, קָרְבַּן מוּסָף, אֵין בּוֹ בַמִּנְחָה. קָרְבַּן עֵצִים, אֵין בּוֹ בַנְּעִילָה. חָזַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹנֶה כְבֶן עַזַּאי: \n", | 4.4. "On any day when there is Hallel there was no maamad at Shaharit; [On the day when] there is a Musaf-offering, there was no [maamad] at Ne'ilah. [On the day of] the wood-offering, there was no [maamad] at Minhah, the words of Rabbi Akiva. Ben Azzai said to him: Thus did Rabbi Joshua learn: [On the day when] there is a Musaf-offering, there was no [maamad] at Minhah; [On the day of] the wood-offering, there was no [maamad] at Ne’ilah. Rabbi Akiva retracted and learned like Ben Azzai.", |
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10. Mishnah, Sukkah, 1.3, 4.1-4.3, 4.5-4.7 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 54, 96, 106, 111, 115, 116| 1.3. "פֵּרַס עָלֶיהָ סָדִין מִפְּנֵי הַחַמָּה, אוֹ תַּחְתֶּיהָ מִפְּנֵי הַנְּשָׁר, אוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַס עַל גַּבֵּי הַקִּינוֹף, פְּסוּלָה. אֲבָל פּוֹרֵס הוּא עַל גַּבֵּי נַקְלִיטֵי הַמִּטָּה: \n", 4.1. "לוּלָב וַעֲרָבָה, שִׁשָּׁה וְשִׁבְעָה. הַהַלֵּל וְהַשִּׂמְחָה, שְׁמֹנָה. סֻכָּה וְנִסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם, שִׁבְעָה. וְהֶחָלִיל, חֲמִשָּׁה וְשִׁשָּׁה: \n", 4.2. "לוּלָב שִׁבְעָה כֵּיצַד, יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, לוּלָב שִׁבְעָה, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים, שִׁשָּׁה: \n", 4.3. "עֲרָבָה שִׁבְעָה כֵּיצַד, יוֹם שְׁבִיעִי שֶׁל עֲרָבָה שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, עֲרָבָה שִׁבְעָה, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים שִׁשָּׁה: \n", 4.5. "מִצְוַת עֲרָבָה כֵּיצַד, מָקוֹם הָיָה לְמַטָּה מִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְנִקְרָא מוֹצָא. יוֹרְדִין לְשָׁם וּמְלַקְּטִין מִשָּׁם מֻרְבִּיּוֹת שֶׁל עֲרָבָה, וּבָאִין וְזוֹקְפִין אוֹתָן בְּצִדֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְרָאשֵׁיהֶן כְּפוּפִין עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקָעוּ. בְּכָל יוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ פַּעַם אַחַת, וְאוֹמְרִים, אָנָּא ה' הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא, אָנָּא ה' הַצְלִיחָה נָּא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי וָהוֹ הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא. וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים. בִּשְׁעַת פְּטִירָתָן, מָה הֵן אוֹמְרִים, יֹפִי לְךָ מִזְבֵּחַ, יֹפִי לְךָ מִזְבֵּחַ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לְיָהּ וּלְךָ, מִזְבֵּחַ. לְיָהּ וּלְךָ, מִזְבֵּחַ: \n", 4.6. "כְּמַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְחֹל כָּךְ מַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְשַׁבָּת, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיוּ מְלַקְּטִין אוֹתָן מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וּמַנִּיחִים אוֹתָן בְּגִיגִיּוֹת שֶׁל זָהָב, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִכְמֹשׁוּ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה אוֹמֵר, חֲרִיּוֹת שֶׁל דֶּקֶל הָיוּ מְבִיאִין, וְחוֹבְטִין אוֹתָן בַּקַּרְקַע בְּצִדֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם נִקְרָא יוֹם חִבּוּט חֲרִיּוֹת: \n", 4.7. "מִיַּד הַתִּינוֹקוֹת שׁוֹמְטִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן וְאוֹכְלִין אֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן: \n", | 1.3. "If he spread a sheet over it because of the sun or beneath it because of falling [leaves]; Or if he spread [a sheet] over the frame of a four-post bed, [the sukkah] is invalid. But he may spread it over the frame of a two-post bed.", 4.1. "[The rituals of] the lulav and the aravah are for six or seven [days]; The Hallel and the rejoicing are for eight [days]; The sukkah and the water libation are for seven [days]; The flute is for five or six [days].", 4.2. "“The lulav for seven.” How so? If the first day of the festival fell on Shabbat, the lulav [is taken for] seven days; on any other day, [it is taken] for six.", 4.3. "“The aravah seven days.” How is this? If the seventh day of [the ritual of] the aravah fell on Shabbat, [it lasts] seven days; if it fell on any other day, [it lasts only] six.", 4.5. "The mitzvah of the aravah how was it [performed]?There was a place below Jerusalem called Moza. They went down there and gathered tall branches of aravot and then they came and stood them up at the sides of the altar, and their tops were bent over the altar. They then sounded a teki’ah [long blast], a teru’ah [staccato blast] and again a teki’ah. Every day they went round the altar once, saying, “O Lord, save us, O Lord, make us prosper” (Psalms 118:. Rabbi Judah says: “Ani vaho, save us.” On that day they went round the altar seven times. When they departed, what did they say? “O altar, beauty is to you! O altar, beauty is to you!” Rabbi Eliezer said: [they would say,] “To the Lord and to you, O altar, to the Lord and to you, O altar.”", 4.6. "As was its performance on a weekday, so was its performance on Shabbat, except that they would gather them on the eve of Shabbat and place them in golden basins so that they would not become wilted. Rabbi Yoha ben Beroka says: they used to bring palm branches and they would beat them on the ground at the sides of the altar, and that day was called “[the day of] the beating of the palm branches.”", 4.7. "Immediately after beating the willows (or palm branches) the children undo their lulavs and eat their etrogim.", |
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11. Mishnah, Sotah, 7.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 115| 7.8. "פָּרָשַׁת הַמֶּלֶךְ כֵּיצַד. מוֹצָאֵי יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג, בַּשְּׁמִינִי בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, עוֹשִׂין לוֹ בִימָה שֶׁל עֵץ בָּעֲזָרָה, וְהוּא יוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לא) מִקֵּץ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים בְּמֹעֵד וְגוֹ'. חַזַּן הַכְּנֶסֶת נוֹטֵל סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה וְנוֹתְנָהּ לְרֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת, וְרֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת נוֹתְנָהּ לַסְּגָן, וְהַסְּגָן נוֹתְנָהּ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, וְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל נוֹתְנָהּ לַמֶּלֶךְ, וְהַמֶּלֶךְ עוֹמֵד וּמְקַבֵּל וְקוֹרֵא יוֹשֵׁב. אַגְרִיפָּס הַמֶּלֶךְ עָמַד וְקִבֵּל וְקָרָא עוֹמֵד, וְשִׁבְּחוּהוּ חֲכָמִים. וּכְשֶׁהִגִּיעַ (שם יז) לְלֹא תוּכַל לָתֵת עָלֶיךָ אִישׁ נָכְרִי, זָלְגוּ עֵינָיו דְּמָעוֹת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַל תִּתְיָרֵא אַגְרִיפָּס, אָחִינוּ אָתָּה, אָחִינוּ אָתָּה, אָחִינוּ אָתָּה. וְקוֹרֵא מִתְּחִלַּת אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים (דברים א׳:א׳) עַד שְׁמַע, וּשְׁמַע (שם ו), וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ (שם יא), עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר (שם יד), כִּי תְכַלֶּה לַעְשֵׂר (שם כו), וּפָרָשַׁת הַמֶּלֶךְ (שם יז), וּבְרָכוֹת וּקְלָלוֹת (שם כח), עַד שֶׁגּוֹמֵר כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה. בְּרָכוֹת שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מְבָרֵךְ אוֹתָן, הַמֶּלֶךְ מְבָרֵךְ אוֹתָן, אֶלָּא שֶׁנּוֹתֵן שֶׁל רְגָלִים תַּחַת מְחִילַת הֶעָוֹן: \n", | 7.8. "How was the procedure in connection with the portion read by the king?At the conclusion of the first day of the festival (Sukkot) in the eighth [year], at the end of the seventh year, they erect a wooden platform in the Temple court, and he sits upon it, as it is said, “At the end of seven years, in the set time” etc (Deuteronomy 31:10). The synagogue attendant takes a Torah scroll and hands it to the head of the synagogue, the head of the synagogue hands it to the deputy and he hands it to the high priest, and the high priest hands it to the king and the king stands and receives it, but reads it while sitting. King Agrippa stood and received it and read standing, and the sages praised him. When he reached, “You shall not place a foreigner over you” (ibid 17:15) his eyes ran with tears. They said to him, “Fear not, Agrippas, you are our brother, you are our brother!” [The king] reads from the beginning of “These are the words” (ibid 1:1) until the Shema ((ibid 6:4-9), and the Shema, and “It will come to pass if you hear” (ibid 11:13-21 the second part of the Shema), and “You shall surely tithe” (ibid 14:22-29), and “When you have finished tithing” (ibid 26:12-15) and the portion of the king (ibid 17:14-20) and the blessings and curses (ibid, until he finishes all the section. The blessings that the high priest recites, the king recites, except that he substitutes one for the festivals instead of one for the pardon of sin.", |
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12. New Testament, John, 7.37 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 111| 7.37. Ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ μεγάλῃ τῆς ἑορτῆς ἱστήκει ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἔκραξεν λέγων Ἐάν τις διψᾷ ἐρχέσθω πρός με καὶ πινέτω. | 7.37. Now on the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, "If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink! |
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13. Mishnah, Pesahim, 5.7 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 157| 5.7. "יָצְתָה כַת רִאשׁוֹנָה וְנִכְנְסָה כַת שְׁנִיָּה. יָצְתָה שְׁנִיָּה, נִכְנְסָה שְׁלִישִׁית. כְּמַעֲשֵׂה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה כָּךְ מַעֲשֵׂה הַשְּׁנִיָּה וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית. קָרְאוּ אֶת הַהַלֵּל. אִם גָּמְרוּ שָׁנוּ, וְאִם שָׁנוּ שִׁלְּשׁוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא שִׁלְּשׁוּ מִימֵיהֶם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁל כַּת שְׁלִישִׁית לֹא הִגִּיעַ לְאָהַבְתִּי כִּי יִשְׁמַע ה', מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעַמָּהּ מֻעָטִין: \n", | 5.7. "The first division [then] went out and the second entered; the second went out and the third entered. As did the first, so did the second and the third. They recited the Hallel. If they finished it, they repeated, and if they repeated [and were not finished yet], they recited it a third time, though they never did recite it a third time. Rabbi Judah says: the third division never reached, “I love Lord for he hears” (Psalms, because the people for it were few.", |
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14. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 4.209-4.211, 13.372 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 96, 115 | 4.209. 12. When the multitude are assembled together unto the holy city for sacrificing every seventh year, at the feast of tabernacles, let the high priest stand upon a high desk, whence he may be heard, and let him read the laws to all the people; and let neither the women nor the children be hindered from hearing, no, nor the servants neither; 4.210. for it is a good thing that those laws should be engraven in their souls, and preserved in their memories, that so it may not be possible to blot them out; for by this means they will not be guilty of sin, when they cannot plead ignorance of what the laws have enjoined them. The laws also will have a greater authority among them, as foretelling what they will suffer if they break them; and imprinting in their souls by this hearing what they command them to do, 4.211. that so there may always be within their minds that intention of the laws which they have despised and broken, and have thereby been the causes of their own mischief. Let the children also learn the laws, as the first thing they are taught, which will be the best thing they can be taught, and will be the cause of their future felicity. 13.372. 5. As to Alexander, his own people were seditious against him; for at a festival which was then celebrated, when he stood upon the altar, and was going to sacrifice, the nation rose upon him, and pelted him with citrons [which they then had in their hands, because] the law of the Jews required that at the feast of tabernacles every one should have branches of the palm tree and citron tree; which thing we have elsewhere related. They also reviled him, as derived from a captive, and so unworthy of his dignity and of sacrificing. |
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15. Mishnah, Arakhin, 2.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 157| 2.3. "אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת תְּקִיעוֹת בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ וְלֹא מוֹסִיפִין עַל אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה. אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשְּׁנֵי נְבָלִין וְלֹא מוֹסִיפִין עַל שִׁשָּׁה. אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשְּׁנֵי חֲלִילִין וְלֹא מוֹסִיפִין עַל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. וּבִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם בַּשָּׁנָה הֶחָלִיל מַכֶּה לִפְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. בִּשְׁחִיטַת פֶּסַח רִאשׁוֹן, וּבִשְׁחִיטַת פֶּסַח שֵׁנִי, וּבְיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח, וּבְיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁל עֲצֶרֶת, וּבִשְׁמוֹנַת יְמֵי הֶחָג, וְלֹא הָיָה מַכֶּה בְּאַבּוּב שֶׁל נְחשֶׁת אֶלָּא בְּאַבּוּב שֶׁל קָנֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁקּוֹלוֹ עָרֵב. וְלֹא הָיָה מַחֲלִיק אֶלָּא בְאַבּוּב יְחִידִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲלִיק יָפֶה: \n" | 2.3. "There are never less than twenty-one blasts in the Temple and never more than forty-eight. There are never less than two harps, nor more than six. There are never less than two flutes, nor more than twelve. On twelve days in the year the flute was played before the altar: At the slaughtering of the first pesah, At the killing of the second pesah, On the first festival day of Pesah, On the festival day of Atzeret (Shavuot), And on the eight days of Sukkot. And they did not play on a pipe [abuv] of bronze but on a pipe of reed, because its tune is sweeter. Nor was anything but a single pipe used for closing a tune, because it makes a pleasant finale." |
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16. Anon., Leviticus Rabba, 37.2 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 116| 37.2. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִישׁ כִּי יַפְלִא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב לד, יא): כִּי פֹעַל אָדָם יְשַׁלֶּם לוֹ וּכְאֹרַח אִישׁ יַמְצִאֶנּוּ, עוֹבָדָא הֲוָה בְּחַד גְּבַר דַּהֲווֹ לֵיהּ תְּרֵין בְּנִין, חַד מִנְּהוֹן עֲבַד מִצְוָה וְחַד מִנְּהוֹן לָא עֲבַד כָּל עִקָּר, הַהוּא דַּעֲבַד מִצְוָה זַבַּן לְבֵיתֵיהּ וְזַבַּן כָּל מַה דַּהֲוָה לֵיהּ וְאַפְּקַנְתְּהוֹן לְמִצְוָתָא, חַד זְמַן בְּיוֹמָא דְהוֹשַׁעְנָא יַהֲבָה לֵיהּ אִינְתְּתֵיהּ עַשְׂרָה פּוּלְסִין אָמְרָה לֵיהּ פּוּק זְבֵין לְבָנֶיךָ כְּלוּם מִן שׁוּקָא, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא לַשּׁוּק פָּגְעוּ בֵּיהּ גַּבָּאֵי צְדָקָה, אָמְרֵי הָא אֲתָא מָרֵי מִצְוָתָא, אָמְרוּ לוֹ הַב חוּלָקָךְ בַּהֲדָא מִצְוָתָא דַּאֲנַן זָבְנִין חַד קוֹלָא לְחָדָא יְתוֹמְתָא, נְסַב אִלֵּין עַשְׂרָה פּוּלְסִין וִיהַב יַתְהוֹן לְהוֹן, וְנִתְבַּיֵּישׁ לֵילֵךְ לְבֵיתוֹ הָלַךְ לוֹ לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, חָמָא תַּמָּן מִן אִלֵּין אֶתְרוֹגַיָא דְּמֵינוּקַיָא מְקַלְקְלֵי בְּיוֹם הוֹשַׁעְנָא, וּתְנִינַן תַּמָּן מִיָּד הַתִּינוֹקוֹת שׁוֹמְטִין לוּלָבֵיהֶן וְאוֹכְלִים אֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶם, נְסַב מִנְּהוֹן וּמְלָא יָת סַקָּא וְהָלַךְ לִפְרשׁ בַּיָּם הַגָּדוֹל, עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לִמְדִינַת הַמֶּלֶךְ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ שָׁם אַרָעַת שַׁעְתָּא וְאִשְׁתְּכַח מַלְכָּא חָשֵׁשׁ מֵעוֹי, אָמְרִין לֵיהּ בְּחֶלְמָא אַסְוָתָךְ אֱכֹל מִן אִלֵּין אֶתְרוֹגִין דִּיהוּדָאי מַצְלִין עִמְּהוֹן בְּיוֹם הוֹשַׁעְנָא וְאַתְּ מִתְּסֵי, פִּשְׁפְּשִׁין בְּהַהוּא שַׁעְתָּא לְכָל אִלְפַיָא וּלְכָל מְדִינְתָּא וְלָא אַשְׁכְּחוּן, אָזְלִין וְאַשְׁכְּחוּן לְהַהוּא גַבְרָא יָתֵיב עַל סַקָּא, אָמְרִין לֵיהּ אִית גַּבָּךְ כְּלוּם, אֲמַר לָהֶם גְּבַר מִסְכֵּן אֲנָא וְלֵית גַּבִּי כְּלוּם לִמְזַבְּנָא, פִּשְׁפְּשׁוּ בְּסַקָּא וְאַשְׁכְּחוּן מִן אִלֵּין אֶתְרוֹגִין, וַאֲמָרִין לֵיהּ אִלֵּין מָה הֵן, אֲמַר לוֹן מִן אִלֵּין דִּיהוּדָאי מַצְלֵי בְּיוֹם הוֹשַׁעְנָא, אַטְעָנוּן סַקָּא וְאַעֲלוּהָ קֳדָם מַלְכָּא, אָכַל מַלְכָּא אִלֵּין אֶתְרוֹגַיָיא וְאִתְּסֵי. פַּנּוּן שַׂקָּא וּמְלָאוּהָ דִינָרִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ מַלְכָּא שְׁאֵיל לָךְ עוֹד שְׁאֵלָּה וַאֲנָא עָבֵיד, אֲמַר לֵיהּ שְׁאֵילְנָא דְיַחֲזֹר לִי מוֹדְלִי וְיִפְקוּן כָּל עַמָּא לָקֳדָמוּתִי, עָבְדִין לֵיהּ כֵן, כֵּיוָן דְּמָטָא לְהַהִיא מְדִינְתָּא נָפַק כָּרוֹזָא קֳדָמוֹי וְנָפְקוּ כָּל עַמָּא לָקֳדָמוּתֵיהּ, נָפְקוּ אֲחוֹי וּבָנָיו לָקֳדָמוּתֵיהּ, מִינֵי גוֹזִין בְּחַד נָהָר יְהַב לְהוֹן שִׁבֹּלְתָּא דְנַהֲרָא וְשָׁטְפַת יָתְהוֹן, וְאִשְׂתַּכַּר עָלֵל לְבֵיתֵיהּ וְיָרַת מוֹדְלֵי דַּאֲחוֹי, לְקַיֵּם מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי פֹעַל אָדָם יְשַׁלֶּם לוֹ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי פֹּעַל אָדָם יְשַׁלֶּם לוֹ, זֶה משֶׁה, דִּכְתִיב (שמות ב, יא): וַיְהִי בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וַיִּגְדַּל משֶׁה וַיֵּצֵא אֶל אֶחָיו וַיַּרְא בְּסִבְלֹתָם, מַה רָאָה, רָאָה מַשּׂוֹי אִישׁ עַל אִשָּׁה, וּמַשׂוֹי גָּדוֹל עַל קָטָן, וּמַשׂוֹי בָּחוּר עַל זָקֵן, וְשָׁב וְיִשֵּׁב לָהֶם סִבְלוֹתָם בֵּין אִישׁ לְאִשָּׁה בֵּין גָּדוֹל לְקָטָן, בֵּין בָּחוּר לְזָקֵן, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אַתָּה יִשַּׁבְתָּ לְבָנַי סִבְלוֹתָם חַיֶּיךָ שֶׁאַתָּה עָתִיד לְיַשֵּׁב וּלְפָרֵשׁ לְבָנַי נִדְרֵיהֶם בֵּין אִישׁ לְאִשָּׁה בֵּין גָּדוֹל לְקָטָן, בֵּין בָּחוּר לְזָקֵן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ כִּי יַפְלִא לִנְדֹּר נֶדֶר בְּעֶרְכְּךָ נְפָשֹׁת לַה'. | |
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| 17. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 40.17 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 115 |
18. Babylonian Talmud, Sukkah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 54| 43b. תשבו תשבו לגזרה שוה נאמר כאן תשבו ונאמר במלואים (ויקרא ח, לה) תשבו מה להלן ימים ואפי' לילות אף כאן ימים ואפילו לילות:,ערבה שבעה כיצד: ערבה בשביעי מ"ט דחיא שבת א"ר יוחנן כדי לפרסמה שהיא מן התורה אי הכי לולב נמי לידחי כדי לפרסמו שהוא מן התורה,לולב גזרה משום דרבה אי הכי ערבה נמי נגזור ערבה שלוחי בית דין מייתי לה לולב לכל מסור,אי הכי כל יומא נמי לידחי אתי לפקפוקי בלולב ולידחי ביום טוב ראשון לא מוכחא מלתא אמרי לולב הוא דקא דחי,ולידחי בחד מהנך כיון דקא מפקת לה מראשון אוקמה אשביעי,אי הכי האידנא נמי לידחי אנן לא ידעינן בקיבועא דירחא,אינהו דידעי בקיבועא דירחא לידחי כי אתא בר הדיא אמר לא איקלע כי אתא רבין וכל נחותי אמרי איקלע ולא דחי,ואלא קשיא אמר רב יוסף מאן לימא לן דערבה בנטילה דלמא בזקיפה,איתיביה אביי לולב וערבה ששה ושבעה מאי לאו כלולב מה לולב בנטילה אף ערבה בנטילה מידי איריא הא כדאיתיה והא כדאיתיה,איתיביה אביי בכל יום מקיפין את המזבח פעם אחת ואותו היום שבע פעמים מאי לאו בערבה לא בלולב והא אמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה בערבה א"ל הוא אמר לך בערבה ואנא אמינא בלולב אתמר ר' אלעזר אומר בלולב רב שמואל [בר נתן] אמר ר' חנינא בערבה וכן אמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה בערבה,א"ל רבא לרב יצחק בריה דרבה בר בר חנה בר אוריא תא ואימא לך מלתא מעליתא דהוה אמר אבוך הא דתנן כל היום מקיפין את המזבח פעם אחת ואותו היום מקיפין את המזבח שבע פעמים הכי אמר אבוך משמיה דר' אלעזר בלולב,איתיביה לולב דוחה את השבת בתחלתו וערבה בסופו פעם אחת חל שביעי של ערבה להיות בשבת והביאו מרביות של ערבה מערב שבת והניחום בעזרה והכירו בהן בייתוסין ונטלום וכבשום תחת אבנים,למחר הכירו בהן עמי הארץ ושמטום מתחת האבנים והביאום הכהנים וזקפום בצידי המזבח לפי שאין בייתוסין מודים שחיבוט ערבה דוחה את השבת,אלמא בנטילה היא תיובתא,ואלא נדחו כיון דאנן לא דחינן אינהו נמי לא דחו והא יום טוב הראשון דלדידן לא דחי ולדידהו דחי | 43b. b “You shall reside,” “you shall reside,” /b by means b of a verbal analogy. It is stated here, /b with regard to i sukka /i : b “You shall reside /b in i sukkot /i seven days” (Leviticus 23:42), b and it is stated with regard to the inauguration /b of the Tabernacle: “And at the door of the Tent of Meeting b you shall reside /b day and night seven days” (Leviticus 8:35). b Just as there, /b with regard to the inauguration, the meaning is b days and even nights, so too here, /b with regard to i sukka /i , the meaning is b days and even nights. /b ,§ The mishna continues: The altar is encircled with the b willow branch /b for b seven /b days. b How /b so? If the seventh day of performing the mitzva of the willow branch occurs on Shabbat, since on that day the mitzva of the willow branch is a mitzva by Torah law, it overrides Shabbat and the mitzva of the willow branch is then performed seven days. The Gemara asks: With regard to the mitzva of the b willow branch on the seventh /b day, b what is the reason /b that b it overrides Shabbat? Rabbi Yoḥa said: /b It is b in order to publicize that it is /b a mitzva that b applies by Torah /b law, since it is not written explicitly in the Torah. The Gemara raises an objection: b If so, i lulav /i too should override /b Shabbat in the Temple on the other days of i Sukkot /i as well and not only on the first day b in order to publicize that it is /b a mitzva b by Torah /b law all seven days, since that too is not written explicitly in the Torah.,The Gemara answers: One is prohibited from taking the b i lulav /i /b on Shabbat by rabbinic b decree due to /b the concern expressed b by Rabba /b (42b) lest he take the i lulav /i in his hand and go to an expert to learn how to wave the i lulav /i and thereby carry it in the public domain. The Gemara objects: b If so, /b with regard to the b willow branch as well let us issue a decree /b due to the same concern. The Gemara answers: The two cases are different. With regard to the b willow branch, agents of the court bring it /b to the priests who perform the mitzva in the Temple, and they carefully prepare the willow branch prior to the onset of Shabbat and will not come to carry it in a prohibited manner on Shabbat. However, performance of the mitzva of b i lulav /i is incumbent upon every individual. /b Therefore, there is concern lest one unwittingly perform the prohibited labor of carrying on Shabbat.,The Gemara objects: b If so, /b i.e., because the willow branch is supplied by agents of the court there is no concern that Shabbat will be desecrated, b let /b the mitzva of the willow branch b override /b Shabbat on b every day /b of the Festival b as well. /b The Gemara answers: In that case people b would come to raise doubts about /b the significance of the mitzva of b i lulav /i , /b as, unlike the mitzva of the willow branch, it would override Shabbat on only one day of the Festival and not on all seven. The Gemara asks: b And let /b the mitzva of the willow branch b override /b Shabbat b on the first day of the Festival, /b just as the mitzva of i lulav /i does, and not on the seventh day. The Gemara answers: b The matter /b of publicizing that the mitzva of willow branch is a mitzva by Torah law b would not be apparent, /b as people b would say /b that b it is /b really the mitzva of b i lulav /i that overrides /b Shabbat, and once i lulav /i is permitted the willow branch is permitted as well.,The Gemara asks: b And let /b the mitzva of the willow branch b override /b Shabbat b on one of these /b other days of i Sukkot /i ; why specifically the seventh day? The Gemara answers: b Once you moved it from the first /b day, b establish it on the seventh /b day, which is also a unique day of i Sukkot /i , and not on one of the other intermediate days of i Sukkot /i .,The Gemara asks: b If so, /b i.e., if the mitzva of the willow branch is so significant that it overrides Shabbat, b let it override /b Shabbat b today as well, /b even though the Temple is not standing. The Gemara answers: b We do not know /b when precisely b the establishment of the month /b was determined by the court. Therefore, it is possible that the day observed as the seventh day of i Sukkot /i is not the seventh day at all. Certainly, one does not violate the rabbinic decree to fulfill a mitzva that is not definitely a mitzva by Torah law.,The Gemara asks: If so, with regard to the people of Eretz Yisrael, b who know the establishment of the month, let them override /b Shabbat for the mitzva of willow branch on the seventh day of i Sukkot /i even today. b When bar Hedya came /b from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia b he said: /b That is not a practical question, as the seventh day b does not coincide /b with Shabbat, since the Sages fixed the calendar to avoid that possibility. b When Ravin and all those /b emissaries b who descended /b to Babylonia, or who originally left Babylonia for Eretz Yisrael and returned, b came, they said: It does coincide /b with Shabbat, b but it does not override /b Shabbat.,The Gemara asks: b But /b then it is b difficult; /b why doesn’t the mitzva of the willow branch override Shabbat on the seventh day today? b Rav Yosef said: Who will say to us /b definitively b that /b the mitzva of b the willow branch /b is performed b by taking /b it? b Perhaps it is /b performed b by standing /b the branches b upright /b against the altar. Since there is no altar today, the mitzva does not override Shabbat., b Abaye raised an objection to /b Rav Yosef from the mishna, which states: The b i lulav /i /b is taken b and /b the altar is encircled with b the willow branch /b either b six or seven /b days. b What, is it not /b learned from the juxtaposition of these mitzvot in the mishna that the mitzva of the willow branch is b like /b the mitzva of b i lulav /i /b in that b just as /b the mitzva of b i lulav /i /b is performed b by taking /b it, b so too, /b the mitzva of the b willow branch /b is performed b by taking /b it and not by standing it upright? He answered him: b Are the cases /b necessarily b comparable? /b Perhaps b this /b mitzva of i lulav /i is b as it is, /b by means of taking, b and this /b mitzva of the willow branch is b as it is, /b by means of standing it upright., b Abaye raised an objection to /b Rav Yosef from a mishna: b On every day /b the people b circle the altar one time, and /b on b that day, /b the seventh day of the willow branch, they circle it b seven times. What, is /b the mishna b not /b referring to circling the altar b with the willow branch /b in hand? He answered him: b No, /b it is referring to circling the altar b with a i lulav /i . /b Abaye objects: b But didn’t Rav Naḥman say /b that b Rabba bar Avuh said: /b They would circle the altar b with the willow branch? /b Rav Yosef b said to him: He said to you with the willow branch; /b however, my authority is no less than his, as we are both i amora’im /i , b and I say /b that they circle the altar b with a i lulav /i . It was stated /b that this was the subject of dispute between other i amora’im /i as well. b Rabbi Elazar says: /b They circle the altar b with a i lulav /i . Rav Shmuel bar Natan said /b that b Rabbi Ḥanina said: /b They circle the altar b with the willow branch. And likewise, Rav Naḥman said /b that b Rabba bar Avuh said: /b They would circle the altar b with the willow branch. /b , b Rava said to Rav Yitzḥak, son of Rabba bar bar Ḥana: Son of Torah [ i bar urya /i ], come and I will tell you an outstanding statement that your father would say. /b With regard to b that which we learned /b in a mishna: On b every day /b the people b circle the altar one time, and on that day, /b the seventh day of the willow branch, b they circle the altar seven times; this /b is what b your father said in the name of Rabbi Elazar: /b They circle the altar b with a i lulav /i . /b ,Abaye b raised an objection to /b Rav Yosef from the i Tosefta /i ( i Sukka /i 3:1): The mitzva of b i lulav /i overrides Shabbat at /b the b start /b of the Festival, b and the willow branch /b overrides it b at /b the b end /b of the Festival. b One time, the seventh /b day b of /b the b willow branch occurred on Shabbat, and they brought branches of /b the b willow /b tree b on Shabbat eve, /b before Shabbat, b and placed them in the /b Temple b courtyard /b for use on Shabbat. The b Boethusians /b in the Temple, who disagreed with the Sages and held that there is no mitzva of the willow branch on the seventh day of the Festival, b noticed them and took them and concealed them under /b the b stones. /b This was an attempt to prevent fulfillment of the mitzva, as they knew that the Sages would prohibit moving the stones, which are set-aside on Shabbat., b The next day, /b some of b the ignoramuses noticed /b the branches concealed under the stones. b And /b since the ignoramuses identified with the opinion of the Sages, and at the same time were ignorant of the details of the mitzvot, b they extracted them from under the stones. And the priests brought them and stood them upright at the sides of the altar. /b This happened b because /b the b Boethusians do not concede that waving the willow branch overrides Shabbat. /b , b Apparently, /b based on the conclusion of the incident, the mitzva of the willow branch b is /b fulfilled b by taking /b it, as it is referring to waving the willow branch and not just standing it upright at the sides of the altar. The Gemara notes: Indeed, it is b a conclusive refutation /b of Rav Yosef’s opinion.,Given the refutation of Rav Yosef’s opinion, the original question is difficult: b Rather, let them /b in Eretz Yisrael b override /b Shabbat for the mitzva of the willow branch on the seventh day of i Sukkot /i nowadays as well. The Gemara answers: b Since we /b in the Diaspora b do not override /b Shabbat for this purpose, b they /b in Eretz Yisrael b also do not override /b it. The Gemara objects: b But doesn’t the first day of the Festival /b refute that contention, as b for us /b in the Diaspora it b does not override /b Shabbat and we do not take the i lulav /i , b and for them /b in Eretz Yisrael b it overrides /b Shabbat and they take the i lulav /i ? |
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19. Babylonian Talmud, Arakhin, None (6th cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 157| 10a. ועיבור שנה ל' אישתקד עשינו שניהם מלאין דל תלתא לבהדי תלתא וקם ליה בדוכתיה אמר ליה נר ישראל כן הוה:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big אין פוחתין מעשרים ואחת תקיעות במקדש ולא מוסיפין על ארבעים ושמנה,אין פוחתין משני נבלים ולא מוסיפין על ששה אין פוחתין משני חלילין ולא מוסיפין על שנים עשר ובשנים עשר יום בשנה החליל מכה לפני המזבח בשחיטת פסח ראשון ובשחיטת פסח שני ויום טוב הראשון של פסח וביום טוב של עצרת ובשמונת ימי החג ולא היה מכה באבוב של נחשת אלא באבוב של קנה מפני שקולו ערב ולא היה מחלק אלא באבוב יחידי מפני שהוא מחליק יפה,ועבדי כהנים היו דברי ר"מ רבי יוסי אומר משפחת בית פגרים ובית ציפרא מעמאום היו משיאין לכהונה רבי חנינא בן אנטיגנוס אומר לוים היו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big מתניתין דלא כרבי יהודה דתניא ר' יהודה אומר [הפוחת] לא יפחות משבע [והמוסיף] לא יוסיף על שש עשרה,במאי קמיפלגי רבי יהודה סבר תקיעה תרועה ותקיעה חדא היא ורבנן סברי תקיעה לחוד ותרועה לחוד ותקיעה לחוד,מאי טעמא דר' יהודה כתיב (במדבר י, ה) ותקעתם תרועה וכתיב (במדבר י, ו) תרועה יתקעו (לכם) ש"מ תקיעה תרועה ותקיעה חדא היא ורבנן ההוא לפשוטה לפניה ופשוטה לאחריה הוא דאתא,ורבנן מ"ט דכתיב (במדבר י, ז) ובהקהיל את הקהל תתקעו ולא תריעו ואי ס"ד תקיעה תרועה ותקיעה חדא היא אמר רחמנא עביד פלגא דמצוה ורבי יהודה סימנא בעלמא הוא,כמאן אזלא הא דאמר רב כהנא אין בין תקיעה לתרועה ולא כלום כמאן כרבי יהודה פשיטא,מהו דתימא אפילו כרבנן אתיא ולאפוקי מדרבי יוחנן דאמר שמע תשע תקיעות בתשע שעות ביום יצא קמ"ל,ואימא הכי נמי אם כן מאי ולא כלום:,שנים עשר יום בשנה מכה בחליל וכו': מאי שנא הני הואיל ויחיד גומר בהן את ההלל,דאמר רבי יוחנן משום רבי שמעון בן יהוצדק שמונה עשר ימים שהיחיד גומר בהן את ההלל שמונה ימי החג ושמונה ימי חנוכה ויום טוב הראשון של פסח ויום טוב (הראשון) של עצרת ובגולה עשרים ואחד תשעה ימי החג ושמונה ימי חנוכה ושני ימים טובים של פסח ושני ימים טובים של עצרת,מאי שנא בחג דאמרי' כל יומא ומאי שנא בפסח דלא אמרינן | 10a. b and /b the month that was b intercalated, /b added for the b leap year, /b was b thirty /b days, and b last year we turned two /b months that are generally deficient into b full /b months, which meant that it had eight full months instead of the usual six. Consequently, b remove /b from consideration the b three /b months that were made deficient this year b corresponding to the three /b extra months that were made full last year, b and /b the moon is b restored to its place, /b i.e., it is properly aligned with the months. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi b said to him: Lamp of Israel! /b Indeed, b so it was. /b , strong MISHNA: /strong b No fewer than twenty-one /b trumpet b blasts are /b sounded daily b in the Temple, /b as each day three blasts were sounded for the opening of the gates in the morning, nine for the daily morning offering, and nine for the daily afternoon offering, totaling twenty-one. b And no more than forty-eight are /b ever sounded on a single day. This would occur on the Friday of i Sukkot /i , when they would sound an additional twelve blasts during the ritual of drawing the water for the water libation; nine for the additional offerings; three to signal the population to cease their work before Shabbat; and three more to mark the beginning of Shabbat.,When accompanying their song with instruments, the Levites b do not use fewer than two lyres and do not use more than six. /b When flutes are played, b they do not use fewer than two flutes and do not use more than twelve. And /b there are b twelve days during the year when the flute plays before the altar: At /b the time of b the slaughter of the first Paschal offering, /b on the fourteenth of Nisan; b and at /b the time of b the slaughter of the second Paschal offering, /b on the fourteenth of Iyyar; b and on the first festival /b day b of Passover; and on the festival of i Shavuot /i ; and on /b all b eight days of the festival of i Sukkot /i . And one would not play with a copper flute; rather, one would play with a flute of reed, because its sound is /b more b pleasant. And one would conclude /b the music b only with a single flute, because it concludes /b the music b nicely. /b ,The Temple musicians b were slaves of priests; /b this is b the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosei says: /b The musicians were not slaves, but Israelites from b the family of the house of Pegarim and the family of the house of Tzippara from /b the city of b Emaum, /b and their lineage was sufficiently pure that b they would marry /b their daughters b to /b members of b the priesthood. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Antigonus says: They were Levites. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna teaches that no fewer than twenty-one trumpet blasts are sounded daily in the Temple and no more than forty-eight. The Gemara notes: b The mishna is not in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda, as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yehuda says: One may not /b blow b fewer than seven /b blasts, and b one may not /b blow b more than sixteen /b blasts.,The Gemara asks: b With regard to what /b principle b do /b the i tanna /i of the mishna and Rabbi Yehuda b disagree? /b The Gemara explains that b Rabbi Yehuda holds: /b A series of blasts consisting of b i tekia /i , i terua /i , i tekia /i is /b counted as b one /b unit. b And the Rabbis hold: A i tekia /i /b is counted as b a discrete /b unit b and a i terua /i /b is also counted as b a discrete /b unit, b and /b the final b i tekia /i /b is again counted as b a discrete /b unit. They agree with regard to the sequence and the number of the blasts; their disgreement is only with regard to how the blasts are tallied.,The Gemara asks: b What is the reasoning of Rabbi Yehuda? /b As b it is written /b in the verse: b “And you shall sound [ i utkatem /i ] a i terua /i ” /b (Numbers 10:5), b and it is written: “A i terua /i they will sound [ i yitke’u /i ]” /b (Numbers 10:6). b Conclude from /b the fact that the Torah uses a verb from the root i tekia /i when referring to a i terua /i that b a i tekia /i , i terua /i , and i tekia /i /b together constitute b one /b unit. b And /b how do b the Rabbis /b interpret these verses? They explain that b these /b verses b come /b to teach that each i terua /i blast is accompanied by b a plain /b blast, a i tekia /i , b preceding it and /b another b plain /b blast b following it. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And what is the reasoning /b of b the Rabbis? As it is written: “And when congregating the people you shall sound a i tekia /i and shall not sound a i terua /i ” /b (Numbers 10:7). b And if it enters your mind /b that a series of b i tekia /i , i terua /i , and i tekia /i are /b considered b one /b unit, would b the Merciful One say /b to b perform /b only b half a mitzva? /b Rather, each sound constitutes a separate mitzva. The Gemara asks: b And /b how does b Rabbi Yehuda /b explain this verse? The Gemara answers: b That /b single i tekia /i mentioned in the context of congregating the people was blown b merely as a signal /b to the people to assemble, not for the purpose of fulfilling a mitzva, which, in Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion, always comes in units of three sounds.,The Gemara asks: b In accordance with whose /b opinion b is that which Rav Kahana said? /b As Rav Kahana said: b There is /b to be b no /b pause b between a i tekia /i and a i terua /i at all, /b but rather they are sounded in one continuous series of blasts. b In accordance with whose /b opinion is this statement? It is b in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda. /b The Gemara asks: Isn’t that b obvious? /b Why was it necessary to point this out?,The Gemara answers: It is not obvious that Rav Kahana’s statement is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda. b Lest you say /b that Rav Kahana b comes /b to teach his i halakha /i b even in accordance with /b the opinion of b the Rabbis, /b and that he is coming b to exclude /b only the opinion b of Rabbi Yoḥa, who says: /b If b one heard nine blasts in nine /b different b hours on the day /b of Rosh HaShana, despite the considerable gap between them, b he has fulfilled /b his obligation. One might have thought that Rav Kahana meant only that there should not be such long gaps between the sounds. Therefore, the Gemara b teaches us /b that Rav Kahana’s ruling is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, as he does not allow any pause at all between the shofar blasts.,The Gemara asks: b And /b how do you know that this was Rav Kahana’s intent? One can b say it is indeed so, /b that Rav Kahana holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis and he merely excludes the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥa. The Gemara answers that b if so, what is /b the meaning of the phrase b “at all” /b when Rav Kahana said that there is no pause between a i tekia /i and a i terua /i at all? This phrase indicates that Rav Kahana does not allow even a slight pause between blasts, which is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda.,§ The mishna teaches that there are b twelve days during the year when the flute plays /b before the altar, and it proceeds to list them. The Gemara asks: b What is different /b about b these /b days enumerated in the mishna that the flute is played before the altar specifically on those occasions? The Gemara answers: They are unique, b since /b these are the days b on which the individual completes /b the full b i hallel /i . /b , b As Rabbi Yoḥa says in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yehotzadak: /b There are b eighteen days /b a year b on which the individual completes /b the full b i hallel /i : The eight days of the festival /b of i Sukkot /i , including the Eighth Day of Assembly; b and the eight days of Hanukkah; and the first festival day of Passover; and the festival day of Assembly, /b i.e., i Shavuot /i . b And in the Diaspora, /b where a second day is added to each Festival due to uncertainty over the precise date, there are b twenty-one days: The nine days of the festival /b of i Sukkot /i ; b and the eight days of Hanukkah; and the /b first b two festival days of Passover; and the two festival days of Assembly, /b i.e., i Shavuot /i .,The Gemara asks: b What is different /b about b the festival /b of i Sukkot /i , b that we say /b i hallel /i b every day, and what is different /b about b Passover, that we do not say /b i hallel /i |
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| 20. Anon., Pesiqta Derav Kahana (Alternative Parsha), 458 Tagged with subjects: •willow procession, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 157 |
| 21. Philo Maior, Fragments, 116-122, 124, 123 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 96 |
