1. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 15.1-15.31 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch •transmission and contraction of impurity, through treading (midras) Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 140| 15.1. "וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר׃", 15.1. "וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה תַחְתָּיו יִטְמָא עַד־הָעָרֶב וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא אוֹתָם יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.2. "דַּבְּרוּ אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַרְתֶּם אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ אִישׁ כִּי יִהְיֶה זָב מִבְּשָׂרוֹ זוֹבוֹ טָמֵא הוּא׃", 15.2. "וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁכַּב עָלָיו בְּנִדָּתָהּ יִטְמָא וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תֵּשֵׁב עָלָיו יִטְמָא׃", 15.3. "וְעָשָׂה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הָאֶחָד חַטָּאת וְאֶת־הָאֶחָד עֹלָה וְכִפֶּר עָלֶיהָ הַכֹּהֵן לִפְנֵי יְהוָה מִזּוֹב טֻמְאָתָהּ׃", 15.3. "וְזֹאת תִּהְיֶה טֻמְאָתוֹ בְּזוֹבוֹ רָר בְּשָׂרוֹ אֶת־זוֹבוֹ אוֹ־הֶחְתִּים בְּשָׂרוֹ מִזּוֹבוֹ טֻמְאָתוֹ הִוא׃", 15.4. "כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּב אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב עָלָיו הַזָּב יִטְמָא וְכָל־הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר־יֵשֵׁב עָלָיו יִטְמָא׃", 15.5. "וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִגַּע בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.6. "וְהַיֹּשֵׁב עַל־הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר־יֵשֵׁב עָלָיו הַזָּב יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.7. "וְהַנֹּגֵעַ בִּבְשַׂר הַזָּב יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.8. "וְכִי־יָרֹק הַזָּב בַּטָּהוֹר וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.9. "וְכָל־הַמֶּרְכָּב אֲשֶׁר יִרְכַּב עָלָיו הַזָּב יִטְמָא׃", 15.11. "וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִגַּע־בּוֹ הַזָּב וְיָדָיו לֹא־שָׁטַף בַּמָּיִם וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.12. "וּכְלִי־חֶרֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּע־בּוֹ הַזָּב יִשָּׁבֵר וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵץ יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמָּיִם׃", 15.13. "וְכִי־יִטְהַר הַזָּב מִזּוֹבוֹ וְסָפַר לוֹ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים לְטָהֳרָתוֹ וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בְּשָׂרוֹ בְּמַיִם חַיִּים וְטָהֵר׃", 15.14. "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִקַּח־לוֹ שְׁתֵּי תֹרִים אוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי יוֹנָה וּבָא לִפְנֵי יְהוָה אֶל־פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וּנְתָנָם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן׃", 15.15. "וְעָשָׂה אֹתָם הַכֹּהֵן אֶחָד חַטָּאת וְהָאֶחָד עֹלָה וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן לִפְנֵי יְהוָה מִזּוֹבוֹ׃", 15.16. "וְאִישׁ כִּי־תֵצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁכְבַת־זָרַע וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם אֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂרוֹ וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.17. "וְכָל־בֶּגֶד וְכָל־עוֹר אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶה עָלָיו שִׁכְבַת־זָרַע וְכֻבַּס בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.18. "וְאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שִׁכְבַת־זָרַע וְרָחֲצוּ בַמַּיִם וְטָמְאוּ עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.19. "וְאִשָּׁה כִּי־תִהְיֶה זָבָה דָּם יִהְיֶה זֹבָהּ בִּבְשָׂרָהּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תִּהְיֶה בְנִדָּתָהּ וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בָּהּ יִטְמָא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.21. "וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בְּמִשְׁכָּבָהּ יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.22. "וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בְּכָל־כְּלִי אֲשֶׁר־תֵּשֵׁב עָלָיו יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.23. "וְאִם עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּב הוּא אוֹ עַל־הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר־הִוא יֹשֶׁבֶת־עָלָיו בְּנָגְעוֹ־בוֹ יִטְמָא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.24. "וְאִם שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ וּתְהִי נִדָּתָהּ עָלָיו וְטָמֵא שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וְכָל־הַמִּשְׁכָּב אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁכַּב עָלָיו יִטְמָא׃", 15.25. "וְאִשָּׁה כִּי־יָזוּב זוֹב דָּמָהּ יָמִים רַבִּים בְּלֹא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ אוֹ כִי־תָזוּב עַל־נִדָּתָהּ כָּל־יְמֵי זוֹב טֻמְאָתָהּ כִּימֵי נִדָּתָהּ תִּהְיֶה טְמֵאָה הִוא׃", 15.26. "כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּב אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁכַּב עָלָיו כָּל־יְמֵי זוֹבָהּ כְּמִשְׁכַּב נִדָּתָהּ יִהְיֶה־לָּהּ וְכָל־הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר תֵּשֵׁב עָלָיו טָמֵא יִהְיֶה כְּטֻמְאַת נִדָּתָהּ׃", 15.27. "וְכָל־הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּם יִטְמָא וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא עַד־הָעָרֶב׃", 15.28. "וְאִם־טָהֲרָה מִזּוֹבָהּ וְסָפְרָה לָּהּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וְאַחַר תִּטְהָר׃", 15.29. "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי תִּקַּח־לָהּ שְׁתֵּי תֹרִים אוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי יוֹנָה וְהֵבִיאָה אוֹתָם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן אֶל־פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃", 15.31. "וְהִזַּרְתֶּם אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִטֻּמְאָתָם וְלֹא יָמֻתוּ בְּטֻמְאָתָם בְּטַמְּאָם אֶת־מִשְׁכָּנִי אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹכָם׃", | 15.1. "And the LORD spoke unto Moses and to Aaron, saying:", 15.2. "Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When any man hath an issue out of his flesh, his issue is unclean.", 15.3. "And this shall be his uncleanness in his issue: whether his flesh run with his issue, or his flesh be stopped from his issue, it is his uncleanness.", 15.4. "Every bed whereon he that hath the issue lieth shall be unclean; and every thing whereon he sitteth shall be unclean. .", 15.5. "And whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.6. "And he that sitteth on any thing whereon he that hath the issue sat shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.7. "And he that toucheth the flesh of him that hath the issue shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.8. "And if he that hath the issue spit upon him that is clean, then he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.9. "And what saddle soever he that hath the issue rideth upon shall be unclean.", 15.10. "And whosoever toucheth any thing that was under him shall be unclean until the even; and he that beareth those things shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.11. "And whomsoever he that hath the issue toucheth, without having rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.12. "And the earthen vessel, which he that hath the issue toucheth, shall be broken; and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water.", 15.13. "And when he that hath an issue is cleansed of his issue, then he shall number to himself seven days for his cleansing, and wash his clothes; and he shall bathe his flesh in running water, and shall be clean.", 15.14. "And on the eighth day he shall take to him two turtle-doves, or two young pigeons, and come before the LORD unto the door of the tent of meeting, and give them unto the priest.", 15.15. "And the priest shall offer them, the one for a sin-offering, and the other for a burnt-offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD for his issue.", 15.16. "And if the flow of seed go out from a man, then he shall bathe all his flesh in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.17. "And every garment, and every skin, whereon is the flow of seed, shall be washed with water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.18. "The woman also with whom a man shall lie carnally, they shall both bathe themselves in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.19. "And if a woman have an issue, and her issue in her flesh be blood, she shall be in her impurity seven days; and whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean until the even.", 15.20. "And every thing that she lieth upon in her impurity shall be unclean; every thing also that she sitteth upon shall be unclean.", 15.21. "And whosoever toucheth her bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.22. "And whosoever toucheth any thing that she sitteth upon shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.23. "And if he be on the bed, or on any thing whereon she sitteth, when he toucheth it, he shall be unclean until the even.", 15.24. "And if any man lie with her, and her impurity be upon him, he shall be unclean seven days; and every bed whereon he lieth shall be unclean. .", 15.25. "And if a woman have an issue of her blood many days not in the time of her impurity, or if she have an issue beyond the time of her impurity; all the days of the issue of her uncleanness she shall be as in the days of her impurity: she is unclean.", 15.26. "Every bed whereon she lieth all the days of her issue shall be unto her as the bed of her impurity; and every thing whereon she sitteth shall be unclean, as the uncleanness of her impurity.", 15.27. "And whosoever toucheth those things shall be unclean, and shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even.", 15.28. "But if she be cleansed of her issue, then she shall number to herself seven days, and after that she shall be clean.", 15.29. "And on the eighth day she shall take unto her two turtle-doves, or two young pigeons, and bring them unto the priest, to the door of the tent of meeting.", 15.30. "And the priest shall offer the one for a sin-offering, and the other for a burnt-offering; and the priest shall make atonement for her before the LORD for the issue of her uncleanness.", 15.31. "Thus shall ye separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness; that they die not in their uncleanness, when they defile My tabernacle that is in the midst of them.", |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 19.14-19.16, 19.18 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through overhang, •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 100, 104, 197| 19.14. "זֹאת הַתּוֹרָה אָדָם כִּי־יָמוּת בְּאֹהֶל כָּל־הַבָּא אֶל־הָאֹהֶל וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר בָּאֹהֶל יִטְמָא שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 19.15. "וְכֹל כְּלִי פָתוּחַ אֲשֶׁר אֵין־צָמִיד פָּתִיל עָלָיו טָמֵא הוּא׃", 19.16. "וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּע עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה בַּחֲלַל־חֶרֶב אוֹ בְמֵת אוֹ־בְעֶצֶם אָדָם אוֹ בְקָבֶר יִטְמָא שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 19.18. "וְלָקַח אֵזוֹב וְטָבַל בַּמַּיִם אִישׁ טָהוֹר וְהִזָּה עַל־הָאֹהֶל וְעַל־כָּל־הַכֵּלִים וְעַל־הַנְּפָשׁוֹת אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ־שָׁם וְעַל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּעֶצֶם אוֹ בֶחָלָל אוֹ בַמֵּת אוֹ בַקָּבֶר׃", | 19.14. "This is the law: when a man dieth in a tent, every one that cometh into the tent, and every thing that is in the tent, shall be unclean seven days.", 19.15. "And every open vessel, which hath no covering close-bound upon it, is unclean.", 19.16. "And whosoever in the open field toucheth one that is slain with a sword, or one that dieth of himself, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.", 19.18. "And a clean person shall take hyssop, and dip it in the water, and sprinkle it upon the tent, and upon all the vessels, and upon the persons that were there, and upon him that touched the bone, or the slain, or the dead, or the grave.", |
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| 3. Dead Sea Scrolls, Temple Scroll, 48.8-48.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 31 |
| 4. Tosefta, Miqvaot, 6.8, 7.8-7.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through sexual intercourse Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 207 |
5. Mishnah, Zavim, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.6, 5.4, 5.6-5.7, 5.12 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through sexual intercourse •transmission and contraction of impurity •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch •transmission and contraction of impurity, through treading (midras) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through overhang, Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 34, 53, 54, 59, 160, 197| 2.2. "בְּשִׁבְעָה דְרָכִים בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הַזָּב עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִזְקַק לְזִיבָה. בְּמַאֲכָל, בְּמִשְׁתֶּה, וּבְמַשָּׂא, בִּקְפִיצָה, בְּחֹלִי, וּבְמַרְאֶה וּבְהִרְהוּר. הִרְהֵר עַד שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה אוֹ שֶׁרָאָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִרְהֵר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ רָאָה בְהֵמָה, חַיָּה וָעוֹף מִתְעַסְּקִין זֶה עִם זֶה, אֲפִלּוּ רָאָה בִגְדֵי צֶבַע הָאִשָּׁה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָכַל כָּל מַאֲכָל, בֵּין רַע בֵּין יָפֶה, וְשָׁתָה כָל מַשְׁקֶה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין כָּאן זָבִין מֵעָתָּה. אָמַר לָהֶם, אֵין אַחֲרָיוּת זָבִים עֲלֵיכֶם. מִשֶּׁנִּזְקַק לְזִיבָה, אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ. אָנְסוֹ וּסְפֵקוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ טְמֵאִים, שֶׁרַגְלַיִם לַדָּבָר. רָאָה רְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ. בַּשְּׁנִיָּה, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ. בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית, אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ, מִפְּנֵי הַקָּרְבָּן: \n", 3.1. "הַזָּב וְהַטָּהוֹר שֶׁיָּשְׁבוּ בִסְפִינָה אוֹ בְאַסְדָּא אוֹ שֶׁרָכְבוּ עַל גַּבֵּי בְהֵמָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בִּגְדֵיהֶם נוֹגְעִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס. יָשְׁבוּ עַל הַנֶּסֶר, עַל הַסַּפְסָל, עַל הַגָּשִׁישׁ שֶׁל מִטָּה וְעַל הָאַכְלוֹנָס, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן מַחְגִּירִין, עָלוּ בְאִילָן שֶׁכֹּחוֹ רַע, בְּסוֹכָה שֶׁכֹּחָהּ רַע, בְּאִילָן יָפֶה, בְּסֻלָּם מִצְרִי בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ קָבוּעַ בְּמַסְמֵר, עַל הַכֶּבֶשׁ וְעַל הַקּוֹרָה וְעַל הַדֶּלֶת בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין עֲשׂוּיִין בְּטִיט, טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר: \n", 4.1. "רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, נִדָּה שֶׁיָּשְׁבָה עִם הַטְּהוֹרָה בְּמִטָּה, כִּפָּה שֶׁבְּרֹאשָׁהּ טָמֵא מִדְרָס. יָשְׁבָה בִסְפִינָה, כֵּלִים שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁ הַנֵּס שֶׁבַּסְּפִינָה טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. נוֹטֶלֶת עֲרֵבָה מְלֵאָה בְגָדִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁמַּשָּׂאָן כָּבֵד, טְמֵאִין. בִּזְמַן שֶׁמַּשָּׂאָן קַל, טְהוֹרִין. זָב שֶׁהִקִּישׁ עַל כְּצוֹצְרָא, וְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר: \n", 4.6. "הַזָּב בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וְאֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, טְמֵאִין. וּבַמֵּת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִן הָאָדָם. זֶה חֹמֶר בַּזָּב מִבַּמֵּת. חֹמֶר בַּמֵּת מִבַּזָּב, שֶׁהַזָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב מִתַּחְתָּיו לְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּלְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְעַל גַּבָּיו מַדָּף לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין, מַה שֶּׁאֵין הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא. חֹמֶר בַּמֵּת, שֶׁהַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל וּמְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, מַה שֶּׁאֵין הַזָּב מְטַמֵּא: \n", 5.4. "מִקְצָת טָמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר וּמִקְצָת טָהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, חִבּוּרֵי טָמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר וְחִבּוּרֵי טָהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִקְצָת טָמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר, טָמֵא. וּמִקְצָת טָהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, טָהוֹר: \n", 5.6. "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזָב, וּבְזָבָה, וּבְנִדָּה, וּבְיוֹלֶדֶת, וּבִמְצֹרָע, בְּמִשְׁכָּב, וּמוֹשָׁב, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, אֶחָד הַנּוֹגֵעַ וְאֶחָד הַמַּסִּיט וְאֶחָד הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְאֶחָד הַנִּשָּׂא: \n", 5.7. "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב, וּבְרֻקּוֹ, בְּשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ, בְּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו, וּבְדַם הַנִּדָּה, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, אֶחָד הַנּוֹגֵעַ וְאֶחָד הַמַּסִּיט. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנּוֹשֵׂא: \n", 5.12. "אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. הָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל רִאשׁוֹן, וְהָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל שֵׁנִי, וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין, וְהַבָּא רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ בְּמַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, וְטָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְעַל רֻבּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, וְהַסֵּפֶר, וְהַיָּדַיִם, וּטְבוּל יוֹם, וְהָאֳכָלִים וְהַכֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִים: \n", | 2.2. "There are seven ways in which a zav is examined as long as he had not become subject to zivah: With regard to food, drink, as [to what] he had carried, whether he had jumped, whether he had been ill, what he had seen, or what he had thought. [It doesn't matter] whether he had thoughts before seeing [a woman], or whether he had seen [a woman] before his thoughts. Rabbi Judah says: even if he had watched beasts, wild animals or birds having intercourse with each other, and even when he had seen a woman's dyed garments. Rabbi Akiva says: even if he had eaten any kind of food, be it good or bad, or had drunk any kind of liquid. They said to him: Then there will be no zavim in the world!’ He replied to them: you are not held responsible for the existence of zavim!’ Once he had become subject to zivah, no further examination takes place. [Zov] resulting from an accident, or that was at all doubtful, or an issue of semen, these are unclean, since there are grounds for the assumption [that it is zivah]. If he had at a first [issue] they examine him; On the second [issue] they examine him, but on the third [issue] they don't examine him. Rabbi Eliezer says: even on the third [issue] they examine him because of the sacrifice.", 3.1. "A zav and a clean person who sat together in a boat, or on a raft, or rode together on a beast, even though their garments did not touch, behold they are impure through midras. If they sat together on a plank, on a bench or on a bed-frame, or on a beam, when these were not fixed tightly, [Or] if they had both climbed a weak tree, or [were swaying] on a weak branch of a strong tree; Or if they were both [climbing] on an Egyptian ladder which was not secured by a nail; Or if they sat together on a bridge, rafter or door, not secured by clay, they are unclean. Rabbi Judah says that they are clean.", 4.1. "Rabbi Joshua said: if a menstruant sat in a bed with a clean woman, [even] the cap on her head contracts midras uncleanness. And if she sat in a boat, the vessels on the top of the mast [also] contract midras uncleanness. If there was [on the boat] a tub full of clothes: If their weight was heavy, they become unclean, But if their weight was light, they remain clean. If a zav knocked against a balcony and thereby caused a loaf of terumah to fall down, it remains clean.", 4.6. "If a zav [sat] in one scale of the balance, while food and liquids were in the other scale, [the latter become] unclean. In the case of a corpse, everything remains clean except for a man. This is [an example of] the greater stringency applying to a zav than to a corpse; and there is a greater stringency in the case of a corpse than a zav. For whereas the zav defiles all objects on which he sits or lies upon, so that these likewise convey uncleanness to people and garments, and he conveys to what is above him madaf uncleanness, so that these in turn defile food and liquids. Whereas in the case of a zav no such uncleanness is conveyed. Greater stringency is also found in the case of a corpse, since it can convey uncleanness by overshadowing, and it defiles seven days’ defilement, whereas in the case of a zav no such uncleanness is conveyed.", 5.4. "If part of an unclean person rests upon a clean person, or part of a clean person upon an unclean person, or if things connected to an unclean person [rest] upon a clean person, or if things connected to a clean person upon one unclean, he becomes unclean. Rabbi Shimon says: if part of an unclean person is upon a clean person, he is unclean; but if part of a clean person is upon one that is unclean, he is clean.", 5.6. "He who touches a zav, or a zavah, a menstruant, or a woman after childbirth, or a metzora, or any object on which these had been sitting or lying, conveys uncleanness at two [removes] and disqualifies [terumah] at one [further remove]. If he separated, he still conveys uncleanness at one [remove], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [further remove]. This is true whether he had touched, or had shifted, or had carried, or was carried.", 5.7. "If one touches the discharge of a zav, his spittle, semen or urine, or the blood of a menstruant, he conveys uncleanness at two [removes], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [more remove]; If he separated, he defiles at one [remove] and disqualifies [terumah] at one [more remove]. This is the case whether he had touched or moved it. Rabbi Eliezer said: also if he had carried it.", 5.12. "The following disqualify terumah:One who eats foods with first degree uncleanness; Or one who eats food with second degree uncleanness; And who drinks unclean liquids. And the one who has immersed his head and the greater part of him in drawn water; And a clean person upon whose head and greater part of him there fell three logs of drawn water; And a scroll [of Holy Scriptures], And [unwashed] hands; And one that has had immersion that same day; And foods and vessels which have become defiled by liquids.", |
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6. Mishnah, Toharot, 1.8, 2.2, 8.7 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 30, 55, 197| 1.8. "מִקְרֶצֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה תְחִלָּה וְהִשִּׁיךְ לָהּ אֲחֵרוֹת, כֻּלָּן תְּחִלָּהּ. פֵּרְשׁוּ, הִיא תְחִלָּה וְכֻלָּן שְׁנִיּוֹת. הָיְתָה שְׁנִיָּה וְהִשִּׁיךְ לָהּ אֲחֵרוֹת, כֻּלָּן שְׁנִיּוֹת. פֵּרְשׁוּ, הִיא שְׁנִיָּה וְכֻלָּן שְׁלִישִׁיּוֹת. הָיְתָה שְׁלִישִׁית וְהִשִּׁיךְ לָהּ אֲחֵרוֹת, הִיא שְׁלִישִׁית וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת, בֵּין שֶׁפֵּרְשׁוּ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא פֵרְשׁוּ: \n", 2.2. "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל רִאשׁוֹן, רִאשׁוֹן. אֹכֶל שֵׁנִי, שֵׁנִי. אֹכֶל שְׁלִישִׁי, שְׁלִישִׁי. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל רִאשׁוֹן וְאֹכֶל שֵׁנִי, שֵׁנִי. שְׁלִישִׁי, שֵׁנִי לַקֹּדֶשׁ וְלֹא שֵׁנִי לַתְּרוּמָה, בְּחֻלִּין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לְטָהֳרַת תְּרוּמָה: \n", 8.7. "אֲחוֹרֵי כֵלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִים, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַמַּשְׁקִין וְאֵין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הָאֳכָלִין. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַמַּשְׁקִין וּפוֹסְלִין אֶת הָאֳכָלִין. שִׁמְעוֹן אֲחִי עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָךְ וְלֹא כָךְ, אֶלָּא מַשְׁקִין שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בַאֲחוֹרֵי הַכֵּלִים, מְטַמְּאִין אֶחָד וּפוֹסְלִין אֶחָד. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי, וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n", | 1.8. "A piece of dough that had first degree uncleanness, and then others became stuck to it, they all become unclean in the first degree. If they were separated, it still remains unclean in the first degree but all the others are have only second degree uncleanness. If [the original piece] had second degree uncleanness and then others became stuck to it, they all become unclean in the second degree; If they were separated, it still remains unclean in the second degree but all the others are only unclean in the third degree. If [the original piece] had third degree uncleanness, and then other became stuck to it, it remains unclean in the third degree but all the others remain clean, whether they were subsequently separated from it or whether they were not separated.", 2.2. "Rabbi Eliezer says: he who eats food with first degree uncleanness contracts first decree uncleanness; [He who eats food with] second [degree uncleanness contracts] second [degree uncleanness]; With third [degree uncleanness contracts] third [degree uncleanness]. Rabbi Joshua says: he who eats food with first [degree] or with second [degree uncleanness contracts] second [degree uncleanness]; With third [degree uncleanness, he contracts] second [degree uncleanness] in regard to holy things but not in regard to terumah. All this applies to common food that was prepared in condition of cleanness that is appropriate for terumah.", 8.7. "The outer parts of vessels that have contracted uncleanness from liquids: Rabbi Eliezer says: they defile liquids but they do not disqualify foods. Rabbi Joshua says: they defile liquids and also disqualify foods. Shimon the brother of Azariah says: neither this nor that. Rather, liquids that were defiled from the outer parts of vessels defile at one remove and disqualify at a second remove. It is as if it say, \"that which defiled you did not defile me but you have defiled me.\"", |
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7. Mishnah, Oholot, 1.1-1.4, 1.8, 2.1-2.6, 3.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through overhang, •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch •transmission and contraction of impurity, through treading (midras) Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 32, 101, 102, 103, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 118, 197| 1.1. "שְׁנַיִם טְמֵאִים בְּמֵת, אֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְאֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. שְׁלשָׁה טְמֵאִין בְּמֵת, שְׁנַיִם טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְאֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אַרְבָּעָה טְמֵאִין בְּמֵת, שְׁלשָׁה טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְאֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. כֵּיצַד שְׁנַיִם. אָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. וְאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵע בּוֹ, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב: \n", 1.2. "כֵּיצַד שְׁלשָׁה. כֵּלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בְּמֵת, וְכֵלִים בַּכֵּלִים, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הַשְּׁלִישִׁי, בֵּין אָדָם וּבֵין כֵּלִים, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עָרֶב: \n", 1.3. "כֵּיצַד אַרְבָּעָה. כֵּלִים נוֹגְעִין בְּמֵת, וְאָדָם בַּכֵּלִים, וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הָרְבִיעִי, בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, יֶשׁ לִי חֲמִישִׁי, הַשַּׁפּוּד הַתָּחוּב בָּאֹהֶל, הָאֹהֶל וְהַשַּׁפּוּד וְאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּשַּׁפּוּד וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הַחֲמִישִׁי, בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין הָאֹהֶל מִתְחַשֵּׁב: \n", 1.4. "אָדָם וְכֵלִים מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמֵת. חֹמֶר בָּאָדָם מִבַּכֵּלִים וְכֵלִים מִבָּאָדָם. שֶׁהַכֵּלִים שְׁלשָׁה וְהָאָדָם שְׁנָיִם. חֹמֶר בָּאָדָם, שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא בָאֶמְצַע, הֵן אַרְבָּעָה. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ בָאֶמְצַע, הֵן שְׁלשָׁה: \n", 1.8. "מָאתַיִם וְאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה אֵבָרִים בָּאָדָם, שְׁלשִׁים בְּפִסַּת הָרֶגֶל, שִׁשָּׁה בְכָל אֶצְבַּע, עֲשָׂרָה בַקֻּרְסָל, שְׁנַיִם בַּשּׁוֹק, חֲמִשָּׁה בָאַרְכֻּבָּה, אֶחָד בַּיָּרֵךְ, שְׁלשָׁה בַקַּטְלִית, אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה צְלָעוֹת, שְׁלשִׁים בְּפִסַּת הַיָּד, שִׁשָּׁה בְכָל אֶצְבַּע, שְׁנַיִם בַּקָּנֶה, וּשְׁנַיִם בַּמַּרְפֵּק, אֶחָד בַּזְּרוֹעַ, וְאַרְבָּעָה בַכָּתֵף. מֵאָה וְאֶחָד מִזֶּה וּמֵאָה וְאֶחָד מִזֶּה. וּשְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה חֻלְיוֹת בַּשִּׁדְרָה, תִּשְׁעָה בָרֹאשׁ, שְׁמֹנָה בַצַּוָּאר, שִׁשָּׁה בַמַּפְתֵּחַ שֶׁל לֵב, וַחֲמִשָּׁה בִנְקָבָיו. כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֵּשׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי. אֲבָל אִם אֵין עֲלֵיהֶן בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, וְאֵין מְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל: \n", 2.1. "אֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל. הַמֵּת, וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, וְכַזַּיִת נֶצֶל, וּמְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב, הַשִּׁדְרָה, וְהַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת, אֵבָר מִן הַמֵּת וְאֵבָר מִן הַחַי שֶׁיֵּשׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מֵרֹב הַבִּנְיָן אוֹ מֵרֹב הַמִּנְיָן. וְרֹב בִּנְיָנוֹ וְרֹב מִנְיָנוֹ שֶׁל מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם רֹבַע, טְמֵאִין. כַּמָּה הוּא רֹב מִנְיָנוֹ, מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה: \n", 2.2. "רְבִיעִית דָּם, וּרְבִיעִית דַּם תְּבוּסָה מִמֵּת אֶחָד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים. דַּם קָטָן שֶׁיָּצָא כֻלּוֹ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, רְבִיעִית. כַּזַּיִת רִמָּה, בֵּין חַיָּה בֵּין מֵתָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא כִבְשָׂרוֹ, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים. אֵפֶר שְׂרוּפִים, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְרֹבַע, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מְלֹא תַרְוָד וְעוֹד עֲפַר קְבָרוֹת, טָמֵא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. מְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב שֶׁגְּבָלוֹ בְמַיִם, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לְטֻמְאָה: \n", 2.3. "אֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וְאֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל. עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, וְאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, וּבֵית הַפְּרָס, אֵבָר מִן הַמֵּת, וְאֵבָר מִן הַחַי שֶׁאֵין עֲלֵיהֶן בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, הַשִּׁדְרָה וְהַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת שֶׁחָסָרוּ. כַּמָּה הוּא חֶסְרוֹן בַּשִּׁדְרָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁתֵּי חֻלְיוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֲפִלּוּ חֻלְיָה אֶחָת. וּבַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כִּמְלֹא מַקְדֵּחַ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּנָּטֵל מִן הַחַי וְיָמוּת. בְּאֵיזֶה מַקְדֵּחַ אָמְרוּ, בַּקָּטָן שֶׁל רוֹפְאִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בַּגָּדוֹל שֶׁל לִשְׁכָּה: \n", 2.4. "הַגּוֹלֵל וְהַדּוֹפֵק מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְאֹהֶל, וְאֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ תַּחְתֵּיהֶן עֲפַר קְבָרוֹת, מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא. אֵיזֶהוּ הַדּוֹפֵק, אֶת שֶׁהַגּוֹלֵל נִשְׁעָן עָלָיו. אֲבָל דּוֹפֵק דּוֹפְקִין, טָהוֹר: \n", 2.5. "אֵלּוּ שֶׁאִם חָסְרוּ טְהוֹרִין. כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, וְכַזַּיִת נֶצֶל, וּמְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב, וּרְבִיעִית דָּם, וְעֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, וְאֵבָר מִן הַחַי שֶׁחָסַר עַצְמוֹ: \n", 2.6. "הַשִּׁדְרָה וְהַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים, וּרְבִיעִית דָּם מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים, וְרֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים, וְאֵבָר מִן הַמֵּת מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים, וְאֵבָר מִן הַחַי מִשְּׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n", 3.6. "כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, פִּתְחוֹ בְטֶפַח, וְהַמֵּת, פִּתְחוֹ בְאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, לְהַצִּיל הַטֻּמְאָה עַל הַפְּתָחִים. אֲבָל לְהוֹצִיא הַטֻּמְאָה, בְּפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. גָּדוֹל מִכַּזַּיִת, כַּמֵּת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַשִּׁדְרָה וְהַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת, כַּמֵּת: \n", | 1.1. "Two are defiled through a corpse, one being defiled with seven days' defilement and one being defiled with a defilement lasting until the evening. Three are defiled through a corpse, two being defiled with seven days’ defilement and one with a defilement lasting until the evening. Four are defiled through a corpse, three being defiled with seven days’ defilement and one with a defilement lasting until the evening. What [is the case of] two? A person who touches a corpse is defiled with seven days’ defilement and a person who touches him is defiled with a defilement lasting until the evening.", 1.2. "What [is the case of] three? Vessels touching a corpse and [other] vessels [touching these] vessels are defiled with seven days’ defilement. The third: whether a person or vessels, is defiled with a defilement lasting until the evening.", 1.3. "What is the case of four? Vessels touching a corpse, a person [touching these] vessels, and [other] vessels [touching this] person, are defiled with seven days' defilement. The fourth, whether a person or vessels, is defiled with a defilement [lasting until the] evening. Rabbi Akiva said: I have a fifth, [if] a peg was fixed in a tent, the tent, the peg, a person touching the peg and vessels [touching] the person are defiled with seven days' defilement. The fifth, whether a person or vessels, is defiled with a defilement [lasting until the] evening. They said to him: the tent does not count.", 1.4. "[Both] persons and vessels can be defiled through a corpse. A greater stringency applies to persons than to vessels and to vessels than to persons. For with vessels [there can be] three [series of defilements], whereas with persons [there can be only] two. A greater stringency applies to persons, for whenever they are in the middle of a [series] there can be four [in the series], whereas when they are not in the middle of a [series] there can be [only] three.", 1.8. "There are two hundred and forty-eight limbs in a human body: Thirty in the foot, six for every toe, Ten in the ankle, Two in the shin, Five in the knee, One in the thigh, Three in the hip, Eleven ribs, Thirty in the hand, [that is] six to every finger, Two in the fore-arm, Two in the elbow, One in the upper arm and Four in the shoulder, [For a total of] one hundred and one on the one side [of the body] and one hundred and one on the other. Eighteen vertebrae in the spine, Nine in the head, Eight in the neck, Six in the key of the heart, And five around the genitals. Each one [of these] can defile by contact, carriage or overshadowing. When is this so? When they have upon them the appropriate amount of flesh, But if they do not have the appropriate amount flesh upon them, they can defile by contact and carriage but cannot defile by overshadowing.", 2.1. "These things defile by overshadowing: a corpse, an olive-sized [portion of flesh] of a corpse, an olive-sized [portion] of nezel, a ladleful of corpse-mold, the spine or the skull, [a] full limb of a corpse, or [a full] limb [severed] from a living person with the appropriate amount of flesh, a quarter [of a kav] of bones from the structural majority or numerical majority, and the structural majority or numerical majority [of the bones] of a corpse even though they do not amount to a quarter [of a kab]; [all these] are unclean. How many [bones] form the numerical majority? One hundred and twenty-five.", 2.2. "[The following likewise defile:]A quarter [of a log] of blood, A quarter [of a log] of mixed blood from one corpse. Rabbi Akiva says: [even] from two corpses. [With regard to] the blood of a child that has completely flowed forth: Rabbi Akiva says: [it defiles] in even the smallest quantity, But the sages say: [there must be] a quarter [of a log]. [With regard to] an olive-sized [portion] of [corpse] worms whether alive or dead: Rabbi Eliezer declares [it] unclean, like the flesh, But the sages declare [it] clean. [With regard to] the ashes of burnt persons: Rabbi Eliezer says: the [minimum] quantity [for defilement is] a quarter [of a kav]. But the sages declare [them to be] clean. A ladleful and [a little] more of grave-dust is unclean. Rabbi Shimon declares [it to be] clean. A ladleful of corpse-mold mixed with water is not [regarded as] joined [into one mass] for [the purposes of] defilement.", 2.3. "The following defile by contact and carriage but not by overshadowing: A bone of barleycorn size, Earth from a foreign country, A bet peras, A limb of a corpse, or a limb [severed] from a living person which has no longer its appropriate flesh, A spine or a skull which is deficient. How much is [considered] a deficiency in the spine? Bet Shammai say: two vertebrae, But Bet Hillel say: even one vertebra. And in the skull? Bet Shammai say: [the size of a] hole [made] by a drill, But Bet Hillel say: as much as would be taken from a living person and he would die. of what drill did they speak? of the small one [used] by physicians, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: of the large one in the Temple-chamber.", 2.4. "The covering stone and the buttressing stone [of a grave] defile by contact and overshadowing but not by carriage. Rabbi Eliezer says: they do defile by carriage. Rabbi Joshua says: if there is grave dust beneath them, they defile by carriage, but if not they do not defile by carriage. What is the buttressing stone? That upon which the covering stone is supported. But the stone that serves as buttress to the buttressing stone is clean.", 2.5. "These are clean if they are deficient:An olive-sized [portion] of a corpse; An olive-sized [portion] of nezel, A ladleful of corpse-mold, A quarter [of a log] of blood, A bone of the size of a barley-corn, And a limb [severed] from a living person, the bone of which [limb] is deficient.", 2.6. "A backbone or a skull [made up from the bones] of two corpses, A quarter [of a log] of blood from two corpses, A quarter [of a kav] of bones from two corpses, A limb of a corpse from two corpses, And a limb [severed] from a living person, [such a limb being made up] from two persons, Rabbi Akiva declares [the all] unclean But the sages declare them clean.", 3.6. "For an olive-sized portion of a corpse, an opening [in the room in which it is found] of one handbreadth [square], and for a [whole] corpse, an opening of four handbreadths [square, is enough] to prevent the uncleanness from [spreading to the other] openings; But for allowing the uncleanness to go out, an opening of one handbreadth [square is enough]. [A portion] greater than the size of an olive is as a [whole] corpse. Rabbi Yose says: [only] the spine and the skull are as a [whole] corpse.", |
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8. Mishnah, Niddah, 5.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through sexual intercourse Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 207| 5.1. "יוֹצֵא דֹפֶן, אֵין יוֹשְׁבִין עָלָיו יְמֵי טֻמְאָה וִימֵי טָהֳרָה, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו קָרְבָּן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה כְיָלוּד. כָּל הַנָּשִׁים מִטַּמְּאוֹת בַּבַּיִת הַחִיצוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ט״ו:י״ט), דָּם יִהְיֶה זֹבָהּ בִּבְשָׂרָהּ. אֲבָל הַזָּב וּבַעַל קֶרִי, אֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא טֻמְאָתָן לַחוּץ:", | 5.1. "For a fetus born from its mother's side, she does not sit the prescribed days of uncleanness nor the days of cleanness, nor does one incur on its account the obligation to bring a sacrifice. Rabbi Shimon says: it is regarded as a regular birth. All women are subject to uncleanness [as soon as the blood appears] in the outer chamber, as it says, \"her discharge being blood in her body\" (Leviticus 15:19). But a zav and one who emitted semen convey no uncleanness unless the discharge came out of the body.", |
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9. Mishnah, Negaim, 2.4, 6.8, 7.1, 13.11-13.12 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through sexual intercourse •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 197, 207| 2.4. "כֵּיצַד רְאִיַּת הַנֶּגַע. הָאִישׁ נִרְאֶה כְעוֹדֵר, וּכְמוֹסֵק זֵיתִים. הָאִשָּׁה כְּעוֹרֶכֶת וּכְמֵנִיקָה אֶת בְּנָהּ, כְּאוֹרֶגֶת בְּעוֹמְדִין לַשֶּׁחִי לַיָּד הַיְמָנִית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף כְּטוֹוָה בְפִשְׁתָּן לַשְּׂמָאלִית. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁנִּרְאֶה לְנִגְעוֹ, כָּךְ הוּא נִרְאֶה לְתִגְלַחְתּוֹ: \n", 6.8. "אֵלּוּ מְקוֹמוֹת בָּאָדָם שֶׁאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בְּבַהֶרֶת, תּוֹךְ הָעַיִן, תּוֹךְ הָאֹזֶן, תּוֹךְ הַחֹטֶם, תּוֹךְ הַפֶּה, הַקְּמָטִין, וְהַקְּמָטִין שֶׁבַּצַּוָּאר, תַּחַת הַדַּד, וּבֵית הַשֶּׁחִי, כַּף הָרֶגֶל, וְהַצִּפֹּרֶן, הָרֹאשׁ, וְהַזָּקָן, הַשְּׁחִין וְהַמִּכְוָה וְהַקֶּדַח הַמּוֹרְדִין, אֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בַּנְּגָעִים, וְאֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִים בַּנְּגָעִים, וְאֵין הַנֶּגַע פּוֹשֶׂה לְתוֹכָן, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין מִשּׁוּם מִחְיָה, וְאֵינָן מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַהוֹפֵךְ כֻּלּוֹ לָבָן. חָזַר הָרֹאשׁ וְהַזָּקָן וְנִקְרְחוּ, הַשְּׁחִין וְהַמִּכְוָה וְהַקֶּדַח וְנַעֲשׂוּ צָרֶבֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין בַּנְּגָעִים, וְאֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין בַּנְּגָעִים, וְאֵין הַנֶּגַע פּוֹשֶׂה לְתוֹכָן, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין מִשּׁוּם מִחְיָה, אֲבָל מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַהוֹפֵךְ כֻּלּוֹ לָבָן. הָרֹאשׁ וְהַזָּקָן עַד שֶׁלֹּא הֶעֱלוּ שֵׂעָר, וְהַדִּלְדּוּלִין שֶׁבָּרֹאשׁ וְשֶׁבַּזָּקָן, נִדּוֹנִים כְּעוֹר הַבָּשָׂר: \n", 7.1. "אֵלּוּ בֶהָרוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת. שֶׁהָיוּ בוֹ קֹדֶם לְמַתַּן תּוֹרָה, בְּנָכְרִי וְנִתְגַּיֵּר, בְּקָטָן וְנוֹלַד, בְּקֶמֶט וְנִגְלָה, בָּרֹאשׁ וּבַזָּקָן, בַּשְּׁחִין וּבַמִּכְוָה וְקֶדַח וּבַמּוֹרְדִין. חָזַר הָרֹאשׁ וְהַזָּקָן וְנִקְרְחוּ, הַשְּׁחִין וְהַמִּכְוָה וְהַקֶּדַח וְנַעֲשׂוּ צָרֶבֶת, טְהוֹרִים. הָרֹאשׁ וְהַזָּקָן עַד שֶׁלֹּא הֶעֱלוּ שֵׂעָר, הֶעֱלוּ שֵׂעָר וְנִקְרְחוּ, הַשְּׁחִין וְהַמִּכְוָה וְהַקֶּדַח עַד שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשׂוּ צָרֶבֶת, נַעֲשׂוּ צָרֶבֶת וְחָיוּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב מְטַמֵּא, שֶׁתְּחִלָּתָן וְסוֹפָן טָמֵא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים: \n", 13.11. "מְצֹרָע שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְבַיִת, כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁיֶּשׁ שָׁם טְמֵאִין, אֲפִלּוּ עַד הַקּוֹרוֹת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, עַד אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. כֵּלִים, מִיָּד טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם שָׁהָה כְדֵי הַדְלָקַת הַנֵּר: \n", 13.12. "נִכְנַס לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, עוֹשִׂים לוֹ מְחִצָּה גְבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים עַל רֹחַב אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. נִכְנָס רִאשׁוֹן, וְיוֹצֵא אַחֲרוֹן. כֹּל הַמַּצִּיל צָמִיד פָּתִיל בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, מַצִּיל צָמִיד פָּתִיל בְּבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע. וְכֹל הַמַּצִּיל מְכֻסֶּה בְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, מַצִּיל מְכֻסֶּה בְּבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כֹּל הַמַּצִּיל צָמִיד פָּתִיל בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, מַצִּיל מְכֻסֶּה בְּבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע. כֹּל הַמַּצִּיל מְכֻסֶּה בְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, אֲפִלּוּ מְגֻלֶּה בְּבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, טָהוֹר: \n", | 2.4. "What is [the posture] of examining negaim?A man is inspected in the posture of one that hoes or one that gathers olives. And a woman [is inspected in the posture] of one who is arranging dough and one who nurses her child, and one that weaves at an upright loom if the nega was in the right armpit. Rabbi Judah says: also in the posture of one that spins flax if it was within the left armpit. Just as [is the posture] for examining for the nega, so too [is the posture] for shaving hair.", 6.8. "The following places in a person do not become unclean on account of a bright spot: the inside of the eye, the inside of the ear, the inside of the nose and the inside of the mouth, wrinkles, wrinkles in the neck, under the breast and the armpit, the sole of the foot, the nails, the head and the beard; and a boil, a burn and a blister that are festering. All these: Do not become unclean on account of negaim Do not combine with other negaim, A nega is not considered to spread into them, Do not become unclean on account of quick flesh, And they do not act to prevent a person from being considered to have turned completely white. If subsequently a bald spot arose in the head or beard, or if a boil, a burn or a blister formed a scar: They may become unclean by negaim, But they do not combine with other negaim, A nega is not considered to spread into them, And they do not become unclean on account of quick flesh. But they do act to prevent a person from being considered to have all turned white. The head and the beard before they have grown hair, and warts with thin necks on the head or the beard, are treated as the skin of the flesh.", 7.1. "The following bright spots are clean:Those that one had before the Torah was given, Those that a non-Jew had when he converted; Or a child when it was born, Or those that were in a crease and were subsequently uncovered. If they were on the head or the beard, on a boil, a burn or a blister that is festering, and subsequently the head or the beard became bald, and the boil, burn or blister turned into a scar, they are clean. If they were on the head or the beard before they grew hair, and they then grew hair and subsequently became bald, or if they were on the body before the boil, burn or blister before they were festering and then these formed a scar or were healed: Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob said that they are unclean since at the beginning and at the end they were unclean, But the sages say: they are clean.", 13.11. "If a metzora entered a house all the vessels in it, even up to the roof beams, become unclean. Rabbi Shimon says: only up to a height of four cubits. Vessels become unclean immediately. Rabbi Judah says: only if the metzora stayed there as much time as is required for the lighting of a lamp.", 13.12. "If he enters a synagogue, a partition ten handbreadths high and four cubits wide must be made for him. He should enter first and come out last. Any vessel that affords protection by having a tightly fitting cover in the tent of a corpse affords protection by a tightly fitting cover in the house of one afflicted by a nega, And whatsoever affords protection when covered in the tent of a corpse affords protection when covered in the house of one afflicted with a nega, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: any vessel that affords protection by having a tightly fitting cover in the tent of a corpse affords protection when covered in the house of one afflicted with a nega; and whatsoever affords protection when covered in the tent of a corpse remains clean even when uncovered in a leprous house.", |
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10. Mishnah, Miqvaot, 8.4-8.5, 9.2, 10.3-10.4, 10.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through sexual intercourse •transmission and contraction of impurity Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 63, 207| 8.4. "נָכְרִית שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, טְמֵאָה. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע מִנָּכְרִי, טְהוֹרָה. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁשִּׁמְּשָׁה בֵיתָהּ, וְיָרְדָה וְטָבְלָה, וְלֹא כִבְּדָה אֶת הַבַּיִת, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבְלָה. בַּעַל קֶרִי שֶׁטָּבַל וְלֹא הֵטִיל אֶת הַמַּיִם, כְּשֶׁיָטִיל אֶת הַמַּיִם, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּחוֹלֶה וּבְזָקֵן, טָמֵא. בְּיֶלֶד וּבְבָרִיא, טָהוֹר:", 8.5. "נִדָּה שֶׁנָּתְנָה מָעוֹת בְּפִיהָ וְיָרְדָה וְטָבְלָה, טְהוֹרָה מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ, אֲבָל טְמֵאָה הִיא עַל גַּב רֻקָּהּ. נָתְנָה שְׂעָרָהּ בְּפִיהָ, קָפְצָה יָדָהּ, קָרְצָה שִׂפְתוֹתֶיהָ, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבְלָה. הָאוֹחֵז בְּאָדָם וּבְכֵלִים וּמַטְבִּילָן, טְמֵאִין. וְאִם הֵדִיחַ אֶת יָדוֹ בַּמַּיִם, טְהוֹרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יְרַפֶּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶם מָיִם. בֵּית הַסְּתָרִים, בֵּית הַקְּמָטִים, אֵינָן צְרִיכִין שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶן מָיִם:", 9.2. "קִלְקֵי הַלֵּב וְהַזָּקָן, וּבֵית הַסְּתָרִים בָּאִשָּׁה, לִפְלוּף שֶׁחוּץ לָעַיִן, וְגֶלֶד שֶׁחוּץ לַמַּכָּה, וְהָרְטִיָּה שֶׁעָלֶיהָ, וּשְׂרָף הַיָּבֵשׁ, וְגִלְדֵי צוֹאָה שֶׁעַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, וּבָצֵק שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּפֹּרֶן, וְהַמִּלְמוּלִין, וְטִיט הַיָּוֵן, וְטִיט הַיּוֹצְרִים, וְגֵץ יְוֵנִי. אֵיזֶהוּ טִיט הַיָּוֵן, זֶה טִיט הַבּוֹרוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מ), וַיַּעֲלֵנִי מִבּוֹר שָׁאוֹן מִטִּיט הַיָּוֵן. טִיט הַיּוֹצְרִין, כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל יוֹצְרִין וּמְטַמֵּא בְּשֶׁל מָרֵקָה. וְגֵץ יְוֵנִי, אֵלּוּ יִתְדוֹת הַדְּרָכִים, שֶׁאֵין טוֹבְלִין בָּהֶן וְלֹא מַטְבִּילִין אוֹתָן. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַטִּיט, מַטְבִּילִין בּוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא לַח. וְלֹא יִטְבֹּל בָּאָבָק שֶׁעַל רַגְלָיו. לֹא יִטְבֹּל אֶת הַקֻּמְקְמוּס בַּפֶּחָמִין, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן שִׁפְשֵׁף: \n", 10.3. "אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינָם צְרִיכִים שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶם הַמַּיִם, קִשְׁרֵי הֶעָנִי, וְהַנִּימִין, וַחֲבַט שֶׁל סַנְדָּל, וּתְפִלָּה שֶׁל רֹאשׁ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא חוֹצָה, וְשֶׁל זְרוֹעַ בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָהּ עוֹלָה וְיוֹרֶדֶת, וְאָזְנֵי הַחֵמֶת, וְאָזְנֵי הַתַּרְמוּל: \n", 10.4. "אֵלּוּ שֶׁהֵם צְרִיכִים שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶן הַמַּיִם, הַקֶּשֶׁר שֶׁבַּפְּרַקְסִים שֶׁבַּכָּתֵף, וְשָׂפָה שֶׁל סָדִין צָרִיךְ לְמַתֵּחַ, וּתְפִלָּה שֶׁל רֹאשׁ בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָהּ חוֹצָה, וְשֶׁל זְרוֹעַ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא עוֹלָה וְיוֹרֶדֶת, וּשְׁנָצִין שֶׁל סַנְדָּל, וּבְגָדִים שֶׁהִטְבִּילָן מְכֻבָּסִין, עַד שֶׁיְּבַעְבְּעוּ. הִטְבִּילָן נְגוּבִין, עַד שֶׁיְּבַעְבְּעוּ וְיָנוּחוּ מִבִּעְבּוּעָן: \n", 10.8. "אָכַל אֳכָלִים טְמֵאִים, וְשָׁתָה מַשְׁקִים טְמֵאִים, טָבַל וֶהֱקִיאָן, טְמֵאִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָן טְהוֹרִים בַּגּוּף. שָׁתָה מַיִם טְמֵאִים, טָבַל וֶהֱקִיאָם, טְהוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם טְהוֹרִים בַּגּוּף. בָּלַע טַבַּעַת טְהוֹרָה, נִכְנַס לְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, הִזָּה וְשָׁנָה וְטָבַל וֶהֱקִיאָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְמוֹת שֶׁהָיְתָה. בָּלַע טַבַּעַת טְמֵאָה, טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה. הֱקִיאָהּ, טְמֵאָה וְטִמְּאַתּוּ. חֵץ שֶׁהוּא תָחוּב בָּאָדָם, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה, חוֹצֵץ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה, טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָתוֹ: \n", | 8.4. "If a non-Jewish woman discharged semen from an Israelite, it is unclean. If an Israelite woman discharged semen from a non-Jewish man, it is clean. If a woman had intercourse and then went down and immersed herself but did not sweep out the house, it is as though she had not immersed herself. If a man who had a seminal emission immersed himself but did not first pass urine, he again becomes unclean when he passes urine. Rabbi Yose says: if he was sick or old he is unclean, but if he was young and healthy he remains clean.", 8.5. "If a menstruant placed coins in her mouth and went down and immersed herself, she becomes clean from her [former] uncleanness, but she becomes unclean on account of her spittle. If she put her hair in her mouth or closed her hand or pressed her lips tightly, it is as though she had not immersed herself. If a person held on to another man or to vessels and immersed them, they remain unclean; but if he had washed his hand before in the water, they become clean. Rabbi Shimon says: he should hold them loosely that water may enter into them. The hidden or wrinkled parts of the body do not need that water should enter into them.", 9.2. "The matted hair on the heart and on the beard and on a woman's hidden parts; pus outside the eye, hardened pus outside a wound and the plaster over it, dried-up juice, clots of excrement on the body, dough under the finger nails, sweat-crumbs, miry clay, potter's clay, and road-clay. What is meant by 'miry clay’? This means the clay in pits, for it is written: \"He lifted me out of the miry pit, the slimy clay\" (Psalms 40:3). \"Potter's clay\" according to its literal sense. Rabbi Yose declares potter's clay clean, but clay for putty unclean. And \"road-clay.\" These become like road-side pegs in these [kinds of clay] one may not immerse oneself nor immerse [other things] with them; But in all other clay one may immerse when it is wet. One may not immerse oneself with dust [still] on one's feet. One may not immerse a kettle with soot [on it] unless he scraped it.", 10.3. "The following do not require that the water shall enter inside them:Knots [in the clothes] of a poor man, or in tassels, or in the thong of a sandal, or in a head-tefillin if it is fastened tightly, or in an arm-tefillin if it does not move up or down, or in the handles of a water-skin, or in the handles of a wallet.", 10.4. "The following require that water shall enter inside them:The knot in an undergarment which is tied to the shoulder. The hem of a sheet must be stretched out. And the knot of head tefillin if it is not fastened tightly, Or of the arm-tefillin if it moves up and down. And the laces of a sandal. Clothes which are immersed when they have just been washed must be kept immersed until they bubble up; But if they are immersed when already dry, they must be kept immersed until they throw up bubbles and then cease to bubble up.", 10.8. "If one ate unclean foods or drank unclean liquids and then he immersed and then vomited them up, they are still unclean because they did not become clean in the body. If one drank unclean water and immersed and then vomited it up, it is clean because it became clean in the body. If one swallowed a clean ring and then went into the tent of a corpse, if he sprinkled himself once and twice and immersed himself and then vomited it up, behold, it remains as it was before. If one swallowed an unclean ring, he may immerse himself and eat terumah. If he vomited it up, it is unclean and it renders him unclean. If an arrow was stuck into a man, it blocks so long as it is visible. But if it is not visible, he may immerse himself and eat terumah.", |
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11. Mishnah, Kelim, 1.5, 8.4, 19.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through overhang, •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch •transmission and contraction of impurity Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 30, 58, 112| 1.5. "עֶשֶׂר טֻמְאוֹת פּוֹרְשׁוֹת מִן הָאָדָם. מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים, אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּמֻתָּר בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת טְבוּל יוֹם, אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּבַתְּרוּמָה וּמֻתָּר בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בַּעַל קֶרִי, אָסוּר בִּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת זָב שֶׁרָאָה שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת, מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב, וְצָרִיךְ בִּיאַת מַיִם חַיִּים, וּפָטוּר מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. רָאָה שָׁלֹשׁ, חַיָּב בַּקָּרְבָּן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת מְצֹרָע מֻסְגָּר, מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה, וּפָטוּר מִן הַפְּרִיעָה וּמִן הַפְּרִימָה וּמִן הַתִּגְלַחַת וּמִן הַצִּפֳּרִים. וְאִם הָיָה מֻחְלָט, חַיָּב בְּכֻלָּן. פֵּרַשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ אֵבָר שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל. וְאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. שִׁעוּר בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, כְּדֵי לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד כְּדֵי לְהַקִּיפוֹ בְחוּט עֵרֶב, יֶשׁ בּוֹ לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה: \n", 8.4. "קְדֵרָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה בַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, הַקְּדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵין כְּלִי חֶרֶס מְטַמֵּא כֵלִים. הָיָה בָהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, נִטְמָא וְטִמְּאָהּ. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n", 19.5. "מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְהַמִּזְרָן מַגַּע מִדְרָס. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַמִּזְרָן טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְהַמִּזְרָן טָהוֹר:", | 1.5. "There are ten [grades of] impurity that emanate from a person:A person before the offering of his obligatory sacrifices is forbidden to eat holy things but permitted to eat terumah and [second] tithe. If he is a tevul yom he is forbidden to eat holy things and terumah but permitted to eat [second] tithe. If he emitted semen he is forbidden to eat any of the three. If he had intercourse with a menstruant he defiles the bottom [bedding] upon which he lies as he does the top [bedding]. If he is a zav who has seen two discharges he conveys impurity to that on which he lies or sits and is required to undergo immersion in running water, but he is exempt from the sacrifice. If he saw three discharges he must bring the sacrifice. If he is a metzora that was only enclosed he conveys impurity by entry [into an ohel] but is exempt from loosening his hair, from rending his clothes, from shaving and from the birds offering. But if he was a confirmed metzora, he is liable for all these. If a limb on which there was not the proper quantity of flesh was severed from a person, it conveys impurity by contact and by carriage but not by ohel. But if it has the proper quantity of flesh it conveys impurity by contact, by carriage and by ohel. A \"proper quantity of flesh\" is such as is capable of healing. Rabbi Judah says: if in one place it has flesh sufficient to surround it with [the thickness of] a thread of the woof it is capable of healing.", 8.4. "A pot which was placed in an oven if a sheretz was in the oven, the pot remains clean since an earthen vessel does not impart impurity to vessels. If it contained dripping liquid, the latter contracts impurity and the pot also becomes unclean. It is as if this one says, \"That which made you unclean did not make me unclean, but you have made me unclean.\"", 19.5. "If around a bed that had contracted midras uncleanness one wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to midras uncleanness. If it was removed, the bed remains subject to midras uncleanness but the mattress is unclean only from contact with midras. If around a bed that had contracted seven-day uncleanness one wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to seven-day uncleanness. If it was removed, the bed remains subject to seven-day uncleanness but the mattress is unclean until the evening. If the bed was subject to evening uncleanness and around it he wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to evening uncleanness; If it was removed, the bed remains subject to evening uncleanness but the mattress becomes clean.", |
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12. Mishnah, Eduyot, 1.7 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through overhang, Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 108| 1.7. "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִן הָעֲצָמִים, בֵּין מִשְּׁנַיִם בֵּין מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִן הַגְּוִיָּה, מֵרֹב הַבִּנְיָן אוֹ מֵרֹב הַמִּנְיָן. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מֵעֶצֶם אֶחָד: \n", | 1.7. "Beth Shammai says: “A quarter-kav of any bones, even from two limbs or from three.” And Beth Hillel says: “A quarter-kav of bones from a corpse, either from [the bones which form] the greater portion of the [body’s] build, or from the greater portion of the number [of the body’s bones]. Shammai says: “Even from a single bone.”", |
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13. New Testament, Matthew, 15.11 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 197| 15.11. οὐ τὸ εἰσερχόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦτο κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον. | 15.11. That which enters into the mouth doesn't defile the man; but that which proceeds out of the mouth, this defiles the man." |
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14. New Testament, Mark, 7.1-7.23 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 31, 197| 7.1. Καὶ συνἄγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἰεροσολύμων 7.2. καὶ ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτʼ ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις, ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους. 7.3. —οἱ γὰρ Φαρισαῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν, κρατοῦντες τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, 7.4. καὶ ἀπʼ ἀγορᾶς ἐὰν μὴ ῥαντίσωνται οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν, καὶ ἄλλα πολλά ἐστιν ἃ παρέλαβον κρατεῖν, βαπτισμοὺς ποτηρίων καὶ ξεστῶν καὶ χαλκίων. 7.5. —καὶ ἐπερωτῶσιν αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς Διὰ τί οὐ περιπατοῦσιν οἱ μαθηταί σου κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ἀλλὰ κοιναῖς χερσὶν ἐσθίουσιν τὸν ἄρτον; 7.6. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Καλῶς ἐπροφήτευσεν Ἠσαίας περὶ ὑμῶν τῶν ὑποκριτῶν, ὡς γέγραπται ὅτι Οὗτος ὁ λαὸς τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ· 7.7. μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με, διδάσκοντες διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων· 7.8. ἀφέντες τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ κρατεῖτε τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων. 7.9. καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς Καλῶς ἀθετεῖτε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν τηρήσητε· 7.10. Μωυσῆς γὰρ εἶπεν Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου, καί Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητερα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω· 7.11. ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε Ἐὰν εἴπῃ ἄνθρωπος τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί Κορβάν, ὅ ἐστιν Δῶρον, ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς, 7.12. οὐκέτι ἀφίετε αὐτὸν οὐδὲν ποιῆσαι τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, 7.13. ἀκυροῦντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ παραδόσει ὑμῶν ᾗ παρεδώκατε· καὶ παρόμοια τοιαῦτα πολλὰ ποιεῖτε. 7.14. Καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος πάλιν τὸν ὄχλον ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς Ἀκούσατέ μου πάντες καὶ σύνετε. 7.15. οὐδὲν ἔστιν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς αὐτὸν ὃ δύναται κοινῶσαι αὐτόν· ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενά ἐστιν τὰ κοινοῦντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον. 7.16. 7.17. Καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς οἶκον ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου, ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ τὴν παραβολήν. 7.18. καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς Οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε; οὐ νοεῖτε ὅτι πᾶν τὸ ἔξωθεν εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον οὐ δύναται αὐτὸν κοινῶσαι, 7.19. ὅτι οὐκ εἰσπορεύεται αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ἀλλʼ εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν, καὶ εἰς τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκπορεύεται; —καθαρίζων πάντα τὰ βρώματα. 7.20. ἔλεγεν δὲ ὅτι Τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκεῖνο κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον· 7.21. ἔσωθεν γὰρ ἐκ τῆς καρδίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἱ διαλογισμοὶ οἱ κακοὶ ἐκπορεύονται, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, φόνοι, 7.22. μοιχεῖαι, πλεονεξίαι, πονηρίαι, δόλος, ἀσέλγεια, ὀφθαλμὸς πονηρός, βλασφημία, ὑπερηφανία, ἀφροσύνη· 7.23. πάντα ταῦτα τὰ πονηρὰ ἔσωθεν ἐκπορεύεται καὶ κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον. | 7.1. Then the Pharisees, and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Jerusalem. 7.2. Now when they saw some of his disciples eating bread with defiled, that is, unwashed, hands, they found fault. 7.3. (For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, don't eat unless they wash their hands and forearms, holding to the tradition of the elders. 7.4. They don't eat when they come from the marketplace, unless they bathe themselves, and there are many other things, which they have received to hold to: washings of cups, pitchers, bronze vessels, and couches.) 7.5. The Pharisees and the scribes asked him, "Why don't your disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands?" 7.6. He answered them, "Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, 'This people honors me with their lips, But their heart is far from me. 7.7. But in vain do they worship me, Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.' 7.8. "For you set aside the commandment of God, and hold tightly to the tradition of men -- the washing of pitchers and cups, and you do many other such things." 7.9. He said to them, "Full well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 7.10. For Moses said, 'Honor your father and your mother;' and, 'He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.' 7.11. But you say, 'If a man tells his father or his mother, "Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban, that is to say, given to God;"' 7.12. then you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother, 7.13. making void the word of God by your tradition, which you have handed down. You do many things like this." 7.14. He called all the multitude to himself, and said to them, "Hear me, all of you, and understand. 7.15. There is nothing from outside of the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man. 7.16. If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!" 7.17. When he had entered into a house away from the multitude, his disciples asked him about the parable. 7.18. He said to them, "Are you thus without understanding also? Don't you perceive that whatever goes into the man from outside can't defile him, 7.19. because it doesn't go into his heart, but into his stomach, then into the latrine, thus making all foods clean?" 7.20. He said, "That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man. 7.21. For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, sexual sins, murders, thefts, 7.22. covetings, wickedness, deceit, lustful desires, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness. 7.23. All these evil things come from within, and defile the man." |
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15. Tosefta, Parah, 8.1-8.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 30| 8.1. "יש כאן שהוא אומר מטמאך ואתה טמאתני כיצד שמלאה משקין טהורין לגסטרא טמא. טמא כפויה על פיה צפו משקין מן התחתונה נטמא באויר העליונה וחזרו וטמאו את התחתונה הרי זה אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני ואתה טמאתני.", 8.2. "זב שישב על גבי אבן מסמא אוכלין ומשקין שתחתיו טהורין. משכב ומושב שתחתיו טמאים ה\"ז אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני ואתה טמאתני.", | |
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16. Tosefta, Oholot, 5.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through overhang, Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 107| 5.2. "ביב שהיא קמור תחת הביב יש בו ארבעה טפחים ויש ביציאתו ארבעה טפחים ונפל בתוכו הבית טהור נפל בבית מה שבתוכו טהור יש בו ארבעה טפחים ואין ביציאתו ארבעה טפחים נפל בתוכו הבית טמא נפל בבית מה שבתוכו טהור אין בו ארבעה טפחים ואין ביציאתו ארבעה טפחים נפל בתוכו הבית טמא נפל בבית מה שבתוכו טמא. רחב מבפנים וצר מבחוץ טומאה ברחב הבית טמא בצר נידון מחצה על מחצה טמאה בין ברחב בין בצר הבית טמאה בבית. כלים שברחב טהורין ושבצר טמאין מודה ר' יהודה בשקיפין ובסלעין שאע\"פ שאינן כאהל אבל חשובין כאהל.", | |
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| 17. Anon., Sifra, None (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 207 |
| 18. Anon., Sifre Numbers, 158, 127 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 197 |
19. Babylonian Talmud, Pesahim, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 197| 14b. (במדבר יט, טז) בחלל חרב חרב הרי הוא כחלל והויא ליה אב הטומאה וקסבר שלישי מותר לעשותו ראשון,ומאי דוחקיה דרב יהודה לאוקמיה בנר של מתכת נוקמיה בנר של חרס,ומאי הוסיף דאילו התם טמא וטמא ואילו הכא פסול וטמא,אמר רבא מתניתין קשיתיה מאי איריא דתני נר שנטמא בטמא מת ניתני שנטמא בשרץ,אלא איזהו דבר שחלוקה טומאתו בין טומאת מת לשרץ הוי אומר זה מתכת,אמר רבא ש"מ קסבר ר"ע טומאת משקין לטמא אחרים דאורייתא דאי ס"ד דרבנן מכדי האי נר מאי קא מהניא להאי שמן אי לאיפסולי גופי' הא פסיל וקאי,ממאי דילמא לטמא אחרים מדרבנן אי מדרבנן מאי איריא באב הטומאה אפילו בראשון ושני נמי תחלה הוי,דתנן כל הפוסל את התרומה מטמא משקין להיות תחלה חוץ מטבול יום,אלא ש"מ דאורייתא היא:,א"ר מאיר מדבריהם למדנו וכו': מדבריהם דמאן אילימא מדברי ר' חנינא סגן הכהנים מי דמי התם טמא וטמא הכא טהור וטמא,ואלא מדברי ר"ע מי דמי התם פסול וטמא הכא טהור וטמא,נימא קסבר רבי מאיר מתניתין באב הטומאה דאורייתא וולד הטומאה דרבנן דמדאורייתא טהור מעליא | 14b. “And whoever touches b one who is slain with a sword /b in the open field, or one who dies on his own, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days” (Numbers 19:16). The Sages derived from the phrase: One who is slain with a sword, that the legal status of a metal b sword /b in terms of its degree of impurity b is like /b that of b one who is slain. /b Any metal vessel that becomes impure through contact with a corpse assumes the impurity status of a corpse, the ultimate primary source of ritual impurity. The same is true with regard to a metal vessel that came into contact with a person or vessel that became impure with impurity imparted by a corpse. In that case the metal vessel assumes the impurity status of that person or vessel, b and /b therefore, b this /b metal lamp b is a primary source of impurity. And /b yet Rabbi Akiva b maintains /b that b it is permitted to render /b this oil, which is impure with b third- /b degree impurity, impure with b first- /b degree impurity through contact with the metal lamp.,The Gemara asks: b And what impelled Rav Yehuda to establish /b the mishna as referring specifically to the case b of a metal lamp? Let him establish it /b as referring specifically to the case b of an earthenware lamp. /b , b And /b if so, b what does /b Rabbi Akiva’s statement b add? /b The Gemara answers: b Whereas there, /b in Rabbi Ḥanina’s testimony, he is referring to a case where one piece of b ritually impure /b meat came into contact with another piece of b impure /b meat, b here, /b in Rabbi Akiva’s testimony, he is referring to a case where oil that is b disqualified /b came into contact with a lamp with first-degree impurity status, rendering the oil b impure. /b Oil with second-degree ritual impurity status disqualifies i teruma /i , as i teruma /i with third-degree ritual impurity status does not transmit ritual impurity to other i teruma /i . In that case, the novelty in Rabbi Akiva’s statement is that a disqualified item is burned together with an impure item even though it is thereby rendered impure., b Rava said: The mishna was difficult for /b Rav Yehuda: b Why /b did the i tanna /i b specifically teach /b the case of b a lamp that became ritually impure /b with first-degree impurity b through /b contact with one who became b ritually impure /b with impurity imparted by b a corpse? Let it teach that /b the lamp b became impure by /b contact with b a creeping animal, /b which is a much more common primary source of impurity., b Rather, what is the substance /b with regard to b which /b there is b a distinction between its impurity /b when exposed to b impurity /b imparted by b a corpse /b and its impurity when exposed to impurity imparted by a b creeping animal? You must say /b that the substance b is metal. /b A metal vessel that comes into contact with a creeping animal assumes first-degree ritual impurity status, whereas if it comes into contact with a person or a vessel that came into contact with a corpse, it becomes a primary source of impurity., b Rava said: Learn from /b this statement that b Rabbi Akiva holds: The ritual impurity of liquids /b with regard b to transmitting impurity to other /b objects is b by Torah law, /b contrary to those i tanna’im /i who hold that liquids transmit impurity only by rabbinic decree. b As, if it enters your mind /b that this type of impurity is b by rabbinic law, now, this lamp, what effect does /b this lamp b have on that oil? If /b it is to b disqualify /b the oil b itself, it is /b already b disqualified from the outset. /b Rather, Rabbi Akiva evidently maintains that through contact with the lamp this oil becomes impure and transmits impurity to food by Torah law.,The Gemara raises a difficulty: b From where /b do you know that this is Rabbi Akiva’s opinion? b Perhaps /b Rabbi Akiva holds that through contact with the lamp, the oil will be able b to transmit ritual impurity to other /b objects b by rabbinic law. /b The Gemara rejects this suggestion: b If /b the oil confers impurity b by rabbinic law, why /b does Rabbi Akiva refer b particularly /b to a case where the oil became impure b by /b contact with b a primary source of impurity? /b If Rabbi Akiva sought to cite an example of rabbinic impurity, he could have cited b even /b a case where the oil came into contact b with /b an object with b first- /b degree impurity status, b or /b an item with b second- /b degree impurity status. By rabbinic law, in those cases b too, /b the oil b is /b impure with b first- /b degree ritual impurity and transmits impurity to food.,The Gemara cites the source for that i halakha /i . b As we learned /b in a mishna: b Any /b item that b disqualifies i teruma /i , /b e.g., anything with second-degree ritual impurity status, b transmits impurity to liquids, /b conferring upon them b first- /b degree ritual impurity status. These liquids assume a higher degree of impurity than the item that rendered them impure. This rabbinic decree applies to anything with second-degree ritual impurity status b except /b for one b who /b was impure and b immersed himself during that day /b and the sun has not yet set. If such a person touches liquids, he does not confer upon them first-degree impurity status. Instead, that case conforms to the standard process of transmission of ritual impurity, and he confers upon them third-degree ritual impurity status and invalidates them.,The Gemara concludes: b Rather, learn from /b the fact that Rabbi Akiva did not cite the example of oil that became impure through contact with an item with first or second-degree ritual impurity that Rabbi Akiva holds that the i halakha /i that liquids transmit impurity to other items b is by Torah law. /b ,It was taught in the mishna that b Rabbi Meir said: From their statements we learned /b that one may burn ritually pure i teruma /i with impure i teruma /i when removing leaven on Passover eve. The Gemara asks: b From whose statements /b was this conclusion inferred? b If you say /b that this conclusion is inferred b from the statement of Rabbi Ḥanina, the deputy High Priest, is /b Rabbi Meir’s statement b comparable /b to that case? b There, /b Rabbi Ḥanina said that one may burn one b ritually impure /b item b and /b another b ritually impure /b item together, whereas b here, /b Rabbi Meir is referring to burning b pure and impure /b i teruma /i together., b But rather, /b Rabbi Meir’s conclusion is inferred b from the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Is it comparable /b to that case? b There, /b Rabbi Akiva said that a b disqualified /b item and an b impure /b item may be burned together, whereas b here, /b Rabbi Meir is referring to burning a b pure /b item and an b impure /b item together.,The Gemara suggests: b Let us say /b that b Rabbi Meir maintains /b that b the mishna /b is referring b to /b an object that is b a primary source of impurity by Torah law and /b an object that is b a secondary source of impurity by rabbinic law, which by Torah law is entirely pure. /b Since the i teruma /i is pure by Torah law, the novelty of Rabbi Meir’s statement is that although by Torah law one of the foods is pure and the other is impure, due to the rabbinic decree of impurity, one may burn the two items together. |
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20. Babylonian Talmud, Niddah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through sexual intercourse Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 207| 66b. לא תחוף לא בנתר ולא בחול בנתר משום דמקטף ובחול משום דמסריך,ואמר אמימר משמיה דרבא אשה לא תחוף אלא בחמין אבל לא בצונן ואפילו בחמי חמה צונן מאי טעמא לא משום דקרירי ומשרו מזייא,ואמר רבא לעולם ילמד אדם בתוך ביתו שתהא אשה מדיחה בית קמטיה במים מיתיבי בית הקמטים ובית הסתרים אינן צריכין לביאת מים,נהי דביאת מים לא בעינן מקום הראוי לביאת מים בעינן כדר' זירא דא"ר זירא כל הראוי לבילה אין בילה מעכבת בו ושאין ראוי לבילה בילה מעכבת בו,אמר רבין בר רב אדא אמר רבי יצחק מעשה בשפחתו של רבי שטבלה ועלתה ונמצא לה עצם חוצץ בין שיניה והצריכה רבי טבילה אחרת,ואמר רבא טבלה ועלתה ונמצא עליה דבר חוצץ אם סמוך לחפיפה טבלה אינה צריכה לחוף ולטבול ואם לאו צריכה לחוף ולטבול,איכא דאמרי אם באותו יום שחפפה טבלה אינה צריכה לחוף ולטבול ואם לאו צריכה לחוף ולטבול,מאי בינייהו איכא בינייהו למסמך לחפיפה טבילה למיחף ביממא ולמטבל בליליא,אמר רבא אשה לא תעמוד על גבי כלי חרס ותטבול סבר רב כהנא למימר טעמא מאי משום גזירת מרחצאות הא על גבי סילתא שפיר דמי,א"ל רב חנן מנהרדעא התם טעמא מאי משום דבעית סילתא נמי בעיתא,אמר רב שמואל בר רב יצחק אשה לא תטבול | 66b. b may not wash /b her hair b with natron or with sand. /b The reason she may not wash her hair b with natron /b is b because /b natron b pulls out /b hair, and that hair may remain sitting on her head and serve as an interposition between her and the water of the ritual bath. b And /b similarly, she may not wash her hair b with sand, because it sticks /b to her hair and it also serves as an interposition., b And Ameimar said in the name of Rava: A woman washes /b her hair b only with hot /b water, b but not with cold /b water. b But /b she may wash her hair b even with hot /b water that was heated in the b sun. What is the reason /b that she may b not /b wash her hair with b cold /b water? b Because it is cold and /b causes the b hair to harden, /b and the dirt will remain in the hair., b And Rava says: A man should always teach in his house that a woman should rinse any place with creases, /b e.g., her armpits, b in water /b before she immerses in a ritual bath, to ensure that they are clean. The Gemara b raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i : b Places with creases and /b any b concealed part /b of the body b do not require immersion in water. /b In other words, the immersion is valid even if the water does not touch those parts of the body. If so, why must she rinse them before immersing?,The Gemara answers: b Granted that they do not require immersion in water, /b but b we require /b that they must be b a place that is suitable for immersion in water. /b This is b in accordance with /b the opinion b of Rabbi Zeira, as Rabbi Zeira says: /b For b any /b amount of flour b suitable for mingling /b with oil in a meal offering, b mingling is not indispensable for it, /b i.e., it is valid even if it is not mixed. b But /b for b any /b amount of flour b not suitable for mingling, /b e.g., if the quantity of flour is so great that the ingredients cannot be properly mixed, b mingling is indispensable for it, /b and such a meal offering is invalid. This teaches a halakhic principle: There are certain actions that prevent the fulfillment of a mitzva if they are impossible, even if the actual performance of those actions are not indispensable to the mitzva., b Ravin bar Rav Adda says /b that b Rabbi Yitzḥak says: /b There was b an incident involving a maidservant of Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b who immersed /b herself, b and she ascended /b from her immersion b and a bone was found interposed between her teeth, and Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b required her /b to perform b another immersion. /b This demonstrates that according to Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi one may not have a foreign object even inside one’s mouth., b And Rava says: /b If a woman b immersed /b in a ritual bath b and ascended /b from the water, b and /b she then b found on her /b hair b an item that interposes /b between her and the water, what is the i halakha /i ? b If she immersed soon /b after b washing /b her hair, b she does not need to wash /b her hair b and immerse /b in the ritual bath a second time, as it can be assumed that this item was not there when she immersed, since her hair had been cleaned. b But if /b she did b not /b wash her hair immediately before immersing, b she must wash /b her hair b and immerse /b in the ritual bath a second time., b There are /b those b who state /b a slightly different version of Rava’s statement: b If she immersed on the same day that she washed /b her hair, b she does not need to wash /b her hair b and to immerse /b in a ritual bath a second time. b But if /b she did b not /b wash her hair on the same day that she immersed, b she must wash /b her hair b and immerse /b in the ritual bath a second time.,The Gemara asks: b What /b is the practical difference b between /b these two versions of Rava’s statement? The Gemara answers: The practical difference b between them /b is b with regard to washing /b her hair b close to immersion. /b According to the first version of Rava’s statement, she must wash her hair immediately before immersing, whereas according to the second version she has more time. Another difference between the two versions is b with regard to washing /b her hair b during the day and immersing at night /b immediately afterward. According to the first version of Rava’s statement, provided that she washed her hair immediately before immersing, it makes no difference whether or not she washed and immersed on the same day. Conversely, according to the second version she must wash her hair on the same day or night as her immersion.,§ b Rava says: A woman may not stand on top of earthenware utensils /b that are submerged in the ritual bath b and immerse. Rav Kahana thought to say: What is the reason /b for this? It is b because /b the Sages issued b a decree /b against immersing in this manner, as it appears like immersing in b bathhouses, /b i.e., the purpose of the decree is to prevent women from thinking that it is permitted to immerse in a bathhouse, which contains drawn water and is not valid as a ritual bath. It can be inferred from this reasoning that it is b permitted /b for a woman to stand b on top of a plank of wood /b that is in the ritual bath., b Rav Ḥa from Neharde’a said to /b Rav Kahana that this is not the reason for Rava’s statement. Rather, b there, /b in the case of submerged earthenware utensils, b what is the reason /b that she may not immerse? She may not immerse b because she /b will be b afraid /b that she might fall off, and consequently she will not immerse herself properly. By the same logic, b she /b will b also /b be b afraid /b when she is standing on top of b a plank of wood, /b and therefore this is also prohibited., b Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzḥak says: A woman may not immerse /b herself |
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21. Babylonian Talmud, Hulin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 197| 34a. בחולין שנעשו על טהרת תרומה ורבי יהושע לא ס"ד דקתני בשר דאי בתרומה בשר מי איכא,אלא מאי בקדשים חיה בקדשים מי איכא בשר בבשר מיחלף בשר בפירי לא מיחלף,אמר עולא חבריא אמרין בחולין שנעשו על טהרת הקדש ודלא כרבי יהושע,ואנא אמינא רבי יהושע היא ולא מיבעיא קאמר לא מיבעיא חולין שנעשו על טהרת קדש דחמירי דאית בהו שלישי אלא אפילו חולין שנעשו על טהרת תרומה נמי אית בהו שלישי,מאן חבריא רבה בר בר חנה היא דאמר רבה בר בר חנה א"ר יוחנן מאי אהדרי רבי אליעזר ורבי יהושע להדדי,אמר לו ר"א לרבי יהושע מצינו אוכל חמור מן האוכל דאילו נבלת עוף טהור בחוץ לא מטמא ואילו אוכלה מטמא בגדים אבית הבליעה ואנו היאך לא נעשה אוכל כמאכל,ורבי יהושע מנבלת עוף טהור לא גמרינן דחידוש הוא אלא מצינו שהמאכל חמור מן האוכל דאילו מאכל בכביצה ואוכל עד דאכיל כחצי פרס ואנו היאך נעשה אוכל כמאכל,ור"א טומאה משיעורין לא גמרינן ועוד לדבריך שאתה אומר על ראשון שני יפה אתה אומר שני שני למה,אמר לו מצינו שהשני עושה שני ע"י משקין,אמר לו והא משקין נמי תחלה הוו דתנן כל הפוסל בתרומה מטמא משקין להיות תחלה חוץ מטבול יום,ועוד שלישי שני למה,אמר לו אף אני לא אמרתי אלא בתרומה שטהרתה | 34a. b with regard to /b the case of b non-sacred /b food items b that were prepared on the /b level of b purity of i teruma /i and /b in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Yehoshua. /b The Gemara responds: b It /b should b not enter your mind /b that the mishna is referring to a case of the level of purity of i teruma /i , b as /b the mishna b teaches /b a case of the slaughter of animals and birds and consumption of their b meat. /b And b if /b the mishna is taught b with regard to /b non-sacred food items that were prepared on the level of purity of b i teruma /i , is there meat /b eaten with the level of purity of i teruma /i ? The practice of preparing non-sacred food items on the level of purity of i teruma /i is done only so that one will not treat actual i teruma /i in the correct manner, and i teruma /i is separated only from produce that grows in the ground.,The Gemara asks: b Rather, what /b is the case in the mishna? Is it a case of non-sacred food items that were prepared on the level of purity of b sacrificial /b food? b Is there an undomesticated animal /b that can be sacrificed as an offering and its meat is b sacrificial /b food? The Gemara answers: Although undomesticated animals cannot be sacrificed as an offering, there are those who would undertake to eat their meat only when prepared on the level of purity of sacrificial food because b meat /b of an undomesticated animal is sometimes b interchanged with meat /b of a domesticated animal. No one would undertake to eat meat only when prepared on the level of purity of i teruma /i , because b meat /b would b not /b be b interchanged with produce. /b , b Ulla said: /b My b colleagues say /b that the mishna is referring to the case b of non-sacred /b food items b that were prepared on the /b level of b purity of sacrificial /b food, b and /b the mishna is b not in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yehoshua, /b who says: Non-sacred food items that were prepared on the level of purity of i teruma /i assume third-degree impurity, but non-sacred food items that were prepared on the level of purity of sacrificial food do not assume third-degree impurity.,Ulla continues: b And I say /b that the mishna b is /b in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Yehoshua, /b and when he said that non-sacred food items that were prepared on the level of purity of i teruma /i assume third-degree impurity, he b is speaking /b utilizing the style of: b It is not necessary. It is not necessary /b to say that in the case of b non-sacred /b food items b that were prepared on the /b level of b purity of sacrificial /b food, b which is stringent, that they have /b the capacity of assuming b third-degree /b impurity. b Rather, even non-sacred /b food items b that were prepared on the /b level of b purity of i teruma /i also have /b the capacity of assuming b third-degree /b impurity.,The Gemara asks: b Who are the colleagues /b to whom Ulla referred? b It is Rabba bar bar Ḥana, as Rabba bar bar Ḥana says /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa says: What did Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua reply to each other? /b The differences between their opinions are twofold. First, Rabbi Eliezer holds that one who eats food with first-degree impurity assumes first-degree impurity, while according to Rabbi Yehoshua he assumes second-degree impurity. Second, Rabbi Eliezer holds that one who eats food with third-degree impurity assumes third-degree impurity, while according to Rabbi Yehoshua he assumes second-degree impurity vis-à-vis sacrificial food but not vis-à-vis i teruma /i ., b Rabbi Eliezer said to Rabbi Yehoshua: /b The basis for my opinion that one assumes the level of impurity of that which he ate is that b we found /b a case where the i halakha /i of b the one who eats /b a food item b is more stringent than /b the i halakha /i of b the food /b itself. b As, the carcass of a kosher bird /b on b the outside, /b i.e., when one comes into contact with it, b does not impart ritual impurity, while /b one who b eats /b the carcass of the kosher bird b renders /b his b garments impure /b when the food is b in /b his b throat. And we, /b in light of that, b how will we not deem one who eats /b the impure item to be on a level of impurity at least b like /b that of b the food /b that he ate?, b And Rabbi Yehoshua /b responded that b we do not derive /b other cases b from the /b case of the b carcass of a kosher bird, because it is a novel /b ruling that cannot serve as a paradigm. b Rather, we found that /b the i halakha /i of b food is more stringent than /b the i halakha /i of b the one who eats /b it, b as food /b becomes impure if its measure is b that /b of b an egg-bulk, and /b one who b eats /b impure food does not become impure b until he eats half of a half-loaf. And we, /b in light of that, b how will we deem one who eats /b the impure item to be on a level of impurity b like /b that of b the food /b that he ate?, b And Rabbi Eliezer /b responded: b We do not derive /b the relative stringency of ritual b impurity from /b the relative size of halakhic b measures, /b as measures are not indicative of stringency or leniency. b And furthermore, according to your statement, that /b which b you say with regard to one who eats food /b with b first-degree /b ritual impurity, that he assumes b second-degree /b impurity, what b you say /b is b well. /b But b that /b which b you say /b with regard to one who eats food with b second-degree /b impurity, that he assumes b second-degree /b impurity, b why /b is that the case? It contradicts your reasoning.,Rabbi Yehoshua b said to /b Rabbi Eliezer: b We found that /b food with b second /b - b degree /b impurity b renders /b other food impure with b second-degree /b impurity b by means of liquids. /b Liquids that come into contact with food with second-degree impurity render other food with which they come into contact impure with second-degree impurity.,Rabbi Eliezer b said to him: But aren’t /b those b liquids also /b impure with b first-degree /b ritual impurity through contact with an item impure with second-degree impurity? b As we learned /b in a mishna ( i Para /i 8:7): b Any /b item with second-degree ritual impurity that b disqualifies i teruma /i renders liquids impure /b with b first-degree /b ritual impurity. These liquids assume a degree of impurity greater than that of the item that rendered them impure. This rabbinic decree applies to all people and items with second-degree impurity b except /b for b one /b who was ritually impure b who immersed that day /b and is waiting for nightfall for the purification process to be completed. Liquids with which he comes into contact follow the standard course of transmitted impurity and assume third-degree impurity, one level below his own impurity.,Rabbi Eliezer questioned the next segment in the ruling of Rabbi Yehoshua: b And furthermore, /b that which you say with regard to one who eats food with b third-degree /b impurity, that he assumes b second-degree /b impurity vis-à-vis sacrificial food, b why /b is that the i halakha /i ? It contradicts your reasoning.,Rabbi Yehoshua b said to /b Rabbi Eliezer: b I too stated /b that one who eats food with third-degree impurity assumes second-degree impurity vis-à-vis sacrificial food b only with regard to /b one who eats non-sacred food items that were prepared on the level of purity of b i teruma /i , as its /b state of b purity /b |
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| 22. Dead Sea Scrolls, '4Q284, None Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through shift (heset) •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 197 |
| 23. Anon., Sifre Zuta Numbers, 19.11, 19.14 Tagged with subjects: •transmission and contraction of impurity, through carriage •transmission and contraction of impurity, through overhang, •transmission and contraction of impurity, through touch Found in books: Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 105, 112 |
