| 1. Septuagint, Genesis, 3 (10th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 57, 323, 324, 328, 335, 336, 343, 344, 423 |
2. Hesiod, Works And Days, 376, 378, 377 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 32| 377. φερβέμεν ὣς γὰρ πλοῦτος ἀέξεται ἐν μεγάροισιν. | 377. In virtue, while Theft lives in sin and bring |
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3. Homer, Odyssey, 13.15 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 49| 13.15. τισόμεθʼ· ἀργαλέον γὰρ ἕνα προικὸς χαρίσασθαι. | 13.15. ourselves, for it's hard for one man to give this freely from his bounty. So said Alcinous, and his speech was pleasing to them. They each went home to rest. When early-born rose-fingered Dawn appeared, they hastened to the ship and brought the manly bronze. |
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| 4. Solon, Fragments, 36.19-36.21 (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 29, 32 |
5. Xenophanes, Fragments, 3 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 57 | 3. They learnt dainty and unprofitable ways from the Lydians, so long as they were free from hateful tyranny; they went to the market-place with cloaks of purple dye, not less than a thousand of them all told, vainglorious and proud of their comely tresses, reeking with fragrance from cunning salves. |
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| 6. Simonides, Fragments, 26 (budé) (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 375 |
| 7. Theognis, Elegies, 149-50, 183-92, 28-32, 53-8, 661-6 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 29 |
| 8. Aristophanes, Fragments, 6.274c-e (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 188 |
| 9. Plato, Gorgias, 524e-525a (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 216 |
| 10. Plato, Laws, 956a, 956b, 958e (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 374 |
11. Plato, Minos, 315c (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 345| 315c. καὶ νόμιμον αὐτοῖς, καὶ ταῦτα ἔνιοι αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς αὑτῶν ὑεῖς τῷ Κρόνῳ, ὡς ἴσως καὶ σὺ ἀκήκοας. καὶ μὴ ὅτι βάρβαροι ἄνθρωποι ἡμῶν ἄλλοις νόμοις χρῶνται, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἐν τῇ Λυκαίᾳ οὗτοι καὶ οἱ τοῦ Ἀθάμαντος ἔκγονοι οἵας θυσίας θύουσιν Ἕλληνες ὄντες. ὥσπερ καὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς οἶσθά που καὶ αὐτὸς ἀκούων οἵοις νόμοις ἐχρώμεθα πρὸ τοῦ περὶ τοὺς ἀποθανόντας, ἱερεῖά τε προσφάττοντες πρὸ τῆς ἐκφορᾶς τοῦ νεκροῦ καὶ ἐγχυτιστρίας μεταπεμπόμενοι· οἱ | 315c. whereas the Carthaginians perform it as a thing they account holy and legal, and that too when some of them sacrifice even their own sons to Cronos, as I daresay you yourself have heard. And not merely is it foreign peoples who use different laws from ours, but our neighbors in Lycaea and the descendants of Athamas —you know their sacrifices, Greeks though they be. And as to ourselves too, you know, of course, from what you have heard yourself, the kind of laws we formerly used in regard to our dead, when we slaughtered sacred victims before |
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| 12. Plato, Republic, 9.579d-e (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 107, 108, 216 |
| 13. Isocrates, Orations, 16.34 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 345 |
14. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 1.6.1-1.6.4, 2.34.4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 57; Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 374| 1.6.2. σημεῖον δ’ ἐστὶ ταῦτα τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἔτι οὕτω νεμόμενα τῶν ποτὲ καὶ ἐς πάντας ὁμοίων διαιτημάτων. 1.6.3. ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι τόν τε σίδηρον κατέθεντο καὶ ἀνειμένῃ τῇ διαίτῃ ἐς τὸ τρυφερώτερον μετέστησαν. καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι αὐτοῖς τῶν εὐδαιμόνων διὰ τὸ ἁβροδίαιτον οὐ πολὺς χρόνος ἐπειδὴ χιτῶνάς τε λινοῦς ἐπαύσαντο φοροῦντες καὶ χρυσῶν τεττίγων ἐνέρσει κρωβύλον ἀναδούμενοι τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ τριχῶν: ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ Ἰώνων τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους κατὰ τὸ ξυγγενὲς ἐπὶ πολὺ αὕτη ἡ σκευὴ κατέσχεν. 1.6.4. μετρίᾳ δ’ αὖ ἐσθῆτι καὶ ἐς τὸν νῦν τρόπον πρῶτοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐχρήσαντο καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα πρὸς τοὺς πολλοὺς οἱ τὰ μείζω κεκτημένοι ἰσοδίαιτοι μάλιστα κατέστησαν. 2.34.4. ξυνεκφέρει δὲ ὁ βουλόμενος καὶ ἀστῶν καὶ ξένων, καὶ γυναῖκες πάρεισιν αἱ προσήκουσαι ἐπὶ τὸν τάφον ὀλοφυρόμεναι. | 1.6.2. And the fact that the people in these parts of Hellas are still living in the old way points to a time when the same mode of life was once equally common to all. 1.6.3. The Athenians were the first to lay aside their weapons, and to adopt an easier and more luxurious mode of life; indeed, it is only lately that their rich old men left off the luxury of wearing undergarments of linen, and fastening a knot of their hair with a tie of golden grasshoppers, a fashion which spread to their Ionian kindred, and long prevailed among the old men there. 1.6.4. On the contrary a modest style of dressing, more in conformity with modern ideas, was first adopted by the Lacedaemonians, the rich doing their best to assimilate their way of life to that of the common people. 2.34.4. Any citizen or stranger who pleases, joins in the procession: and the female relatives are there to wail at the burial. |
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| 15. Aristophanes, Fragments, 6.274c-e (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 188 |
| 16. Menander, Aspis, 232 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 345 |
| 17. Aristotle, Politics, 1270a 25 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 49 |
18. Demosthenes, Orations, 21.159, 59.22-59.23 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 57; Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 49 | 21.159. I do not see how the mass of Athenians are benefited by all the wealth that Meidias retains for private luxury and superfluous display; I do see that his insolence, fostered by his wealth, affects many of us ordinary folk. You ought not to show respect and admiration for such things on every occasion, nor judge a man’s public spirit by such tests as these—whether he builds himself a splendid house or keeps many maid-servants or handsome furniture, but whether his splendor and public spirit are displayed in those things in which the majority of you can share. There you will find Meidias absolutely wanting. 59.22. When they got here, Lysias did not bring them to his own house, out of regard for his wife, the daughter of Brachyllus and his own niece, and for his own mother, who was elderly and who lived in the same house; but he lodged the two, Metaneira and Nicaretê, with Philostratus of Colonus, Colonus, a deme of the tribe Aegeïs. who was a friend of his and was as yet unmarried. They were accompanied by this woman Neaera, who had already taken up the trade of a prostitute, young as she was; for she was not yet old enough. 59.23. To prove the truth of my statements—that the defendant belonged to Nicaretê and followed in her train, and that she prostituted her person to anyone who wished to pay for it—I will call Philostratus as witness to these facts. The Deposition Philostratus, son of Dionysius, of Colonus, deposes that he knows that Neaera was a slave of Nicaretê, to whom Metaneira also belonged, that they were residents of Corinth, and that they stayed at his house when they came to Athens for the mysteries, and that Lysias the son of Cephalêus, who was an intimate friend of his, established them in his house. |
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| 19. Aristotle, Athenian Constitution, 56.7 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 49 |
| 20. Plautus, Trinummus, 1, 10-19, 2, 20-21, 3-9, 22 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 18, 19 |
| 21. Plautus, Aulularia, 500-503, 526-529, 531, 530 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Welch, Tarpeia: Workings of a Roman Myth (2015) 55 |
| 22. Plautus, Epidicus, 226-234, 236-288, 235 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Welch, Tarpeia: Workings of a Roman Myth (2015) 55 |
| 23. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, 9.18 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Breed, Keitel and Wallace, Lucilius and Satire in Second-Century BC Rome (2018) 271 |
| 24. Cicero, Letters, 13.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 105 |
25. Cicero, On Laws, 2.23.59, 2.59, 2.64 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 49; Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 373, 374, 375, 376; Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 105 | 2.59. Another provision we find in the Twelve Tables, intended to obviate the superfluous expenses and extravagant ceremonials of funerals, almost literally translated from the laws of Solon. "Ne facito rogum ascia ne polito." Never carve and polish a funeral pile. You recollect what follows, for we learned the Twelve Tables when schoolboys, as an indispensable lesson, which, by-the-bye, no one attends to now-a-days. Let extravagance, therefore, be diminished to three suits of mourning, with purple bands, and ten flute players. Excessive lamentations are also to be prohibited by this rule, -- Let not the women tear their cheeks or make the lessus or funeral wailings. Those ancient interpreters of our laws, Sextus, Aelius, and Lucius Accilius, have said they could not understand this regulation, but that they suspected it referred to some peculiar funeral ceremonials. Aelius defines the word 'lessus' to be a kind of lugubrious ejaculation, or shriek, which I think likely enough, since Solonʼs law likewise forbids such lamentations. These rules are very commendable, and equally practicable by the rich and poor, and they are eminently conformable to nature, who sweeps away by mortality all the distinctions of fortune. 2.64. In process of time, as Demetrius Phalereus assures us, the funerals became sumptuous, and the elegiac lamentations were extravagantly multiplied. These abuses were prohibited by Solonʼs law, which our Decemvirs have translated almost word for word in our Twelve Tables. Our rule respecting the three suits of mourning, and other customs were thus derived from Solonʼs regulation; and that edict respecting the dirges is expressed in his precise phrases. -- Let not the women tear their cheeks, nor indulge their wailing at funerals. (Mulieres genas ne radunto, neve lessum funeris ergo habento). There is nothing more to be remarked in Solonʼs law respecting funerals, except, that he forbids the injury of sepulchres, or the disturbance of the dead. He makes it penal for any one to violate, dilapidate, or impair any grave, which he calls a τύμβον, or monument or column. But after some time, the extravagance of the mausoleums we see in the Ceramicus, gave occasion to that law which prohibits private persons from erecting any sepulchre more elaborate than ten men can construct in three days. |
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26. Cicero, In Catilinam, 2.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 343 | 2.11. [24] Array now, O Romans, against these splendid troops of Catiline, your guards and your armies; and first of all oppose to that worn-out and wounded gladiator your consuls and generals; then against that banished and enfeebled troop of ruined men lead out the flower and strength of all Italy instantly the cities of the colonies and municipalities will match the rustic mounds of Catiline; and I will not condescend to compare the rest of your troops and equipments and guards with the want and destitution of that highwayman. [25] But if, omitting all these things in which we are rich and of which he is destitute, — the senate, the Roman knights, the people, the city, the treasury, the revenues, all Italy, all the provinces, foreign nations, — if I say, omitting all these things, we choose to compare the causes themselves which are opposed to one another, we may understand from that alone how thoroughly prostrate they are. For on the one side are fighting modesty, on the other wantonness; on the one chastity, on the other uncleanness; on the one honesty, on the other fraud; on the one piety, on the other wickedness; on the one consistency, on the other insanity; on the one honour, on the other baseness; on the one continence, on the other lust; in short, equity, temperance, fortitude, prudence, all the virtues contend against iniquity with luxury, against indolence, against rashness, against all the vices; lastly, abundance contends against destitution, good plans against baffled designs, wisdom against madness, well-founded hope against universal despair. In a contest and war of this sort, even if the zeal of men were to fail, will not the immortal gods compel such numerous and excessive vices to be defeated by these most eminent virtues? |
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27. Cicero, In Verrem, a b c d\n0 2.2.7 2.2.7 2 2\n1 2.2.134 2.2.134 2 2\n2 2.3.169 2.3.169 2 3\n3 "2.1.107" "2.1.107" "2 1\n4 "2.1.111" "2.1.111" "2 1\n5 "2.3.195" "2.3.195" "2 3\n6 "2.4.56" "2.4.56" "2 4 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 335 | 2.2.7. And since our tributary nations and our provinces are, as it were, farms belonging to the Roman people; just as one is most pleased with those farms which are nearest to one, so too the suburban character of this province is very acceptable to the Roman people. And as to the inhabitants themselves, O judges, such is their patience their virtue, and their frugality, that they appear to come very nearly up to the old-fashioned manners of our country, and not to those which now prevail. There is nothing then like the rest of the Greeks; no sloth, no luxury; on the contrary there is the greatest diligence in all public and private affairs, the greatest economy, and the greatest vigilance. Moreover, they are so fond of our nation that they are the only people where neither a publican nor a money-changer is unpopular. |
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28. Cicero, On Duties, a b c d\n0 1.123 1.123 1 123\n1 3.10 3.10 3 10\n2 "2.75" "2.75" "2 75" (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 335| 1.123. Senibus autem labores corporis minuendi, exercitationes animi etiam augendae videntur; danda vero opera, ut et amicos et iuventutem et maxime rem publicam consilio et prudentia quam plurimum adiuvent. Nihil autem magis cavendum est senectuti, quam ne languori se desidiaeque dedat; luxuria vero cum omni aetati turpis, tum senectuti foedissima est; sin autem etiam libidinum intemperantia accessit, duplex malum est, quod et ipsa senectus dedecus concipit et facit adulescentium impudentioren intemperantiarn. | 1.123. The old, on the other hand, should, it seems, have their physical labours reduced; their mental activities should be actually increased. They should endeavour, too, by means of their counsel and practical wisdom to be of as much service as possible to their friends and to the young, and above all to the state. But there is nothing against which old age has to be more on its guard than against surrendering to feebleness and idleness, while luxury, a vice in any time of life, is in old age especially scandalous. But if excess in sensual indulgence is added to luxurious living, it is a twofold evil; for old age not only disgraces itself; it also serves to make the excesses of the young more shameless. < |
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| 29. Cicero, Pro S. Roscio Amerino, 75, 39 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 335 |
30. Polybius, Histories, a b c d\n0 31.25.5 31.25.5 31 25\n1 31.25.6 31.25.6 31 25\n2 32.13.6 32.13.6 32 13\n3 31.25.7 31.25.7 31 25\n4 38.22 38.22 38 22\n5 31.25.4 31.25.4 31 25\n6 7.1 7.1 7 1\n7 "31.27.2" "31.27.2" "31 27 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 40| 31.25.5. καὶ τηλικαύτη τις ἐνεπεπτώκει περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα τῶν ἔργων ἀκρασία τοῖς νέοις ὥστε πολλοὺς μὲν ἐρώμενον ἠγορακέναι ταλάντου, πολλοὺς δὲ ταρίχου Ποντικοῦ κεράμιον τριακοσίων δραχμῶν. | 31.25.5. So great in fact was the incontinence that had broken out among the young men in such matters, that many paid a talent for a male favourite and many three hundred drachmas for a jar of caviar. < |
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| 31. Cicero, Brutus, "106" (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 242 |
| 32. Lucilius Gaius, Fragments, "f573-574" (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 242 |
33. Cicero, Pro Murena, 13, 76, 75 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 188| 75. quae res ipsa, quae diuturnitas imperi comprobat nimium severa oratione reprehendere. fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros et honestus homo et nobilis, Q. Quinto Tubero. is, cum epulum Q. Quintus Maximus P. Publii Africani, patrui sui, nomine populo Romano daret, rogatus est a maximo ut triclinium sterneret, cum esset Tubero eiusdem Africani sororis filius. atque ille, homo eruditissimus ac Stoicus, stravit pelliculis haedinis lectulos Punicanos et exposuit vasa Samia, quasi vero esset Diogenes Cynicus mortuus et non divini hominis Africani mors honestaretur; quem cum supremo eius die maximus laudaret, gratias egit dis immortalibus quod ille vir in hac re publica potissimum natus esset; necesse enim fuisse ibi esse terrarum imperium ubi ille esset. huius in morte celebranda graviter tulit populus Romanus hanc perversam sapientiam Tuberonis, | |
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| 34. Cicero, Brutus, "106" (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 242 |
| 35. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, a b c d\n0 "29.14" "29.14" "29 14" (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 242 |
36. Livy, History, 34.6, 34.5, 34.4, 34.3, 34.2, 34.1, 9.40.3, 34.7, 34.8, 34.4.1, 34.4.2, 34.3.9, 34.2.13, 34.2.10, 34.2.2, 34.1.3, 39.44.1, 34.7.4, 34.6.16, 34.6.14, 34.76.5, 22.61.3, 34.4.14, 34.5.10, 24.18.14, 24.18.13, 34.4.15, 34.7.1, 34.7.2, 34.7.7, 34.17.13, 1.pr.11, 1.57.9, 7.25.9, 2.21.6, 3.64.1, 40.29.6, "24.11.7", "34.1.3", "34.5.1", 40.29.3, 40.29.4, 40.29.5, 40.29.8, "34.5.5", 40.29.9, 40.29.10, 40.29.11, 40.29.12, 40.29.13, 40.29.14, 40.29.7, 34.6.6, 34.6.10, 34.6.8, "42.31.5", 42.21.8, 42.21.7, 34.6.9, 34.6.7, 42.21.6, 42.21.4, 34.3.7, 34.3.8, 34.4.3, 34.4.4, 34.4.5, 34.4.6, 34.4.7, 34.4.8, 34.4.9, 34.4.10, 34.4.11, 34.4.12, 34.4.13, 42.21.5, 34.4.17, 34.4.18, 34.4.19, 34.4.20, 34.3.6, 34.3.5, 34.3.4, 34.3.3, 34.1.5, 34.1.6, "34.1.7", 34.2.1, 34.2.3, 34.4.21, 34.2.4, 34.2.6, 34.2.7, 34.2.8, 34.2.9, 34.2.11, 34.2.12, 34.2.14, 34.3.1, 34.3.2, 34.2.5, 34.5.1, 34.4.16, 34.5.3, 34.7.3, 34.7.5, 34.5.2, 34.8.2, 34.8.3, 34.8.4, "44.18.8", 39.3.1, 39.3.2, 39.3.3, 34.6.18, 34.8.1, 34.5.4, 34.5.5, 34.5.6, 34.5.7, 34.5.8, 34.5.9, 34.5.11, 34.5.12, 34.5.13, 34.6.1, 34.6.2, 34.6.17, 34.6.4, 34.6.3, 34.6.15, 34.6.13, 34.6.12, 34.6.11, 34.6.5 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 136 | 34.6. "I come now to the matter of debate. Here the consul adopted a twofold line of argument, for he protested against any law being repealed and in particular against the repeal of this law which had been passed to restrain female extravagance. His defence of the laws as a whole seemed to me such as a consul ought to make and his strictures on luxury were quite in keeping with his strict and severe moral code. Unless, therefore, we show the weakness of both lines of argument there is some risk of your being led into error. As to laws which have been made not for a temporary emergency, but for all time as being of permanent utility, I admit that none of them ought to be repealed except where experience has shown it to be hurtful or political changes have rendered it useless. But I see that the laws which have been necessitated by particular crises are, if I may say so, mortal and subject to change with the changing times. Laws made in times of peace war generally repeals, those made during war peace rescinds, just as in the management of a ship some things are useful in fair weather and others in foul. As these two classes of laws are distinct in their nature, to which class would the law which we are repealing appear to belong? Is it an ancient law of the kings, coeval with the City, or, which is the next thing to it, did the decemviri who were appointed to codify the laws inscribe it on the Twelve Tables as an enactment without which our forefathers thought that the honour and dignity of our matrons could not be preserved, and if we repeal it shall we have reason to fear that we shall destroy with it the self-respect and purity of our women? Who does not know that this is quite a recent law passed twenty years ago in the consulship of Q. Fabius and Tiberius Sempronius? If the matrons led exemplary lives without it, what danger can there possibly be of their plunging into luxury if it is repealed? If that law had been passed with the sole motive of limiting female excesses there might be some ground for apprehension that the repeal might encourage them, but the circumstances under which it was passed will reveal its object. Hannibal was in Italy; he had won the victory of Cannae; he was now master of Tarentum, Arpi and Capua; there was every likelihood that he would bring his army up to Rome. Our allies had fallen away from us, we had no reserves from which to make good our losses, no seamen to render our navy effective, and no money in the treasury. We had to arm the slaves and they were bought from their owners on condition that the purchase money should be paid at the end of the war; the contractors undertook to supply corn and everything else required for the war, to be paid for at the same date. We gave up our slaves to act as rowers in numbers proportionate to our assessment and placed all our gold and silver at the service of the State, the senators setting the example. Widows and minors invested their money in the public funds and a law was passed fixing the maximum of gold and silver coinage which we were to keep in our houses. Was it at such a crisis as this that the matrons were so given to luxury that the Oppian Law was needed to restrain them, when, owing to their being in mourning, the sacrificial rites of Ceres had been intermitted and the senate in consequence ordered the mourning to be terminated in thirty days? Who does not see that the poverty and wretched condition of the citizens, every one of whom had to devote his money to the needs of the commonwealth, were the real enactors of that law which was to remain in force as long as the reason for its enactment remained in force? If every decree made by the senate and every order made by the people to meet the emergency is to remain in force for all time, why are we repaying to private citizens the sums they advanced? Why are we making public contracts on the basis of immediate payment? Why are slaves not being purchased to serve as soldiers, and each of us giving up our slaves to serve as rowers as we did then? |
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| 37. Livy, Per., "34" (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 249, 250 |
| 38. Nepos, Cato, 2.3 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 24, 105 |
39. Ovid, Ars Amatoria, 2.277 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58| 2.277. Aurea sunt vere nunc saecula: plurimus auro | 2.277. And coarsely in an humble cottage far'd; |
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| 40. Ovid, Tristia, 5.1.43-5.1.44 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58 |
41. Anon., Rhetorica Ad Herennium, 2.34 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 335 | 2.34. Again, the Proposition is defective if it is based on a false enumeration and we present fewer possibilities than there are in reality, as follows: "There are two things, men of the jury, which ever impel men to crime: luxury and greed." "But what about love?," some one will say, "ambition, superstition, the fear of death, the passion for power, and, in short, the great multitude of other motives?" Again the enumeration is false when the possibilities are fewer than we present, as follows: "There are three emotions that agitate all men: fear, desire, and worry." Indeed it had been enough to say fear and desire, since worry is necessarily conjoined with both. Again, the Proposition is defective if it traces things too far back, as follows: "Stupidity is the mother and matter of all evils. She gives birth to boundless desires. Furthermore, boundless desires have neither end nor limit. They breed avarice. Avarice, further, drives men to any crime you will. Thus it is avarice which has led our adversaries to take this crime upon themselves." Here what was said last was enough for a Proposition, lest we copy Ennius and the other poets, who are licensed to speak as follows: "O that in Pelion's woods the firwood timbers had not fallen to the ground, cut down by axes, and that therefrom had not commenced the undertaking to begin the ship which now is named with the name of Argo, because in it sailed the picked Argive heroes who were seeking the golden fleece of the ram from the Colchians, with guile, at King Pelias' command. For then never would my mistress, misled, have set foot away from home." Indeed here it were adequate, if poets had a care for mere adequacy, to say: "Would that my misled mistress had not set foot away from home." In the Proposition, then, we must also carefully guard against this tracing of things back to their remotest origin; for the Proposition does not, like many others, need to be refuted, but is on its own account defective. < |
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| 42. Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico, 2.15.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 39 |
| 43. Sallust, Catiline, 2.5, 5.8, 8.1, 10.1, 11.5, 12.2, 13.4-13.5, 24.3, 25.2-25.4, 52.7, 52.22 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 42, 45, 89 |
| 44. Sallust, Iugurtha, 5.5, 6.1, 32.4, 41.4, 95.3 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 42, 215 |
45. Strabo, Geography, 5.3.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58 | 5.3.7. In the interior, the first city above Ostia is Rome; it is the only city built on the Tiber. It has been remarked above, that its position was fixed, not by choice, but necessity; to this must be added, that those who afterwards enlarged it, were not at liberty to select a better site, being prevented by what was already built. The first [kings] fortified the Capitol, the Palatium, and the Collis Quirinalis, which was so easy of access, that when Titus Tatius came to avenge the rape of the [Sabine] virgins, he took it on the first assault. Ancus Marcius, who added Mount Caelius and the Aventine Mount with the intermediate plain, separated as these places were both from each other and from what had been formerly fortified, was compelled to do this of necessity; since he did not consider it proper to leave outside his walls, heights so well protected by nature, to whomsoever might have a mind to fortify themselves upon them, while at the same time he was not capable of enclosing the whole as far as Mount Quirinus. Servius perceived this defect, and added the Esquiline and Viminal hills. As these were both of easy access from without, a deep trench was dug outside them and the earth thrown up on the inside, thus forming a terrace of 6 stadia in length along the inner side of the trench. This terrace he surmounted with a wall flanked with towers, and extending from the Colline to the Esquiline gate. Midway along the terrace is a third gate, named after the Viminal hill. Such is the Roman rampart, which seems to stand in need of other ramparts itself. But it seems to me that the first [founders] were of opinion, both in regard to themselves and their successors, that Romans had to depend not on fortifications, but on arms and their individual valour, both for safety and for wealth, and that walls were not a defence to men, but men were a defence to walls. At the period of its commencement, when the large and fertile districts surrounding the city belonged to others, and while it lay easily open to assault, there was nothing in its position which could be looked upon as favourable; but when by valour and labour these districts became its own, there succeeded a tide of prosperity surpassing the advantages of every other place. Thus, notwithstanding the prodigious increase of the city, there has been plenty of food, and also of wood and stone for ceaseless building, rendered necessary by the falling down of houses, and on account of conflagrations, and of the sales, which seem never to cease. These sales are a kind of voluntary falling down of houses, each owner knocking down and rebuilding one part or another, according to his individual taste. For these purposes the numerous quarries, the forests, and the rivers which convey the materials, offer wonderful facilities. of these rivers, the first is the Teverone, which flows from Alba, a city of the Latins near to the country of the Marsi, and from thence through the plain below this [city], till it unites with the Tiber. After this come the Nera (Nar) and the Timia, which passing through Ombrica fall into the Tiber, and the Chiana, which flows through Tyrrhenia and the territory of Clusiumn. Augustus Caesar endeavoured to avert from the city damages of the kind alluded to, and instituted a company of freedmen, who should be ready to lend their assistance in cases of conflagration; whilst, as a preventive against the falling of houses, he decreed that all new buildings should not be carried so high as formerly, and that those erected along the public ways should not exceed seventy feet in height. But these improvements must have ceased only for the facilities afforded by the quarries, the forests, and the ease of transport. |
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46. Vergil, Aeneis, 11.497 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58| 11.497. luxurians, luduntque iubae per colla, per armos. | 11.497. if there be mettle in thee and some drops |
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47. Vergil, Georgics, 1.112, 1.191, 3.81 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58| 1.112. luxuriem segetum tenera depascit in herba, 1.191. at si luxuria foliorum exuberat umbra, 3.81. luxuriatque toris animosum pectus. Honesti | 1.112. Or that it hardens more and helps to bind 1.191. An idler in the fields; the crops die down; 3.81. Survives within them, loose the males: be first |
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48. Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture, 6.5.2 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58 | 6.5.2. 2. Those, however, who have to lay up stores that are the produce of the country, should have stalls and shops in their vestibules: under their houses they should have vaults (cryptæ), granaries (horrea), store rooms (apothecæ), and other apartments, suited rather to preserve such produce, than to exhibit a magnificent appearance. 6.5.2. The houses of bankers and receivers of the revenue may be more commodious and elegant, and well secured from the attacks of thieves.,For advocates, and men of literature, houses ought to be still handsomer and more spacious, to allow the reception of persons on consultations.,But for nobles, who in bearing honours, and discharging the duties of the magistracy, must have much intercourse with the citizens, princely vestibules must be provided, lofty atria, and spacious peristylia, groves, and extensive walks, finished in a magnificent style.,In addition to these, libraries, pinacothecæ, and basilicæ, of similar form to those which are made for public use, are to be provided; for in the houses of the noble, the affairs of the public, and the decision and judgment of private causes are often determined. |
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49. Ovid, Fasti, 1.223-1.226 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58| 1.223. nos quoque templa iuvant, quamvis antiqua probemus, 1.224. aurea: maiestas convenit ista deo. 1.225. laudamus veteres, sed nostris utimur annis: 1.226. mos tamen est aeque dignus uterque coli.’ | 1.223. We too delight in golden temples, however much 1.224. We approve the antique: such splendour suits a god. 1.225. We praise the past, but experience our own times: 1.226. Yet both are ways worthy of being cultivated.’ |
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| 50. Julius Caesar, De Bello Civli, 3.96.1-3.96.2 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 39 |
| 51. Plutarch, Moralia, 147e (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 323 |
| 52. Petronius Arbiter, Satyricon, 47.10, 55.6.1-55.6.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 25, 90 |
| 53. Petronius Arbiter, Satyricon, 47.10, 55.6.1-55.6.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 25, 90 |
54. Plutarch, Themistocles, 1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 32 | 1. Thus Probably Plutarch began with his favourite tale of Themistocles’ remark (dealing with the festival day and the day after) to the generals who came after him; cf. 270 c, supra, and the note. rightly spoke the great Themistocles to the generals who succeeded him, for whom he had opened a way for their subsequent exploits by driving out the barbarian host and making Greece free. And rightly will it be spoken also to those who pride themselves on their writings; for if you take away the men of action, you will have no men of letters. Take away Pericles’ statesmanship, and Phormio’s trophies for his naval victories at Rhium, and Nicias’s valiant deeds at Cythera and Megara and Corinth, Demosthenes’ Pylos, and Cleon’s four hundred captives, Tolmides’ circumnavigation of the Peloponnesus, and Myronides’ Cf. Thucydides, i. 108; iv. 95. victory over the Boeotians at Oenophyta-take these away and Thucydides is stricken from your list of writers. Take away Alcibiades ’ spirited exploits in the Hellespontine region, and those of Thrasyllus by Lesbos, and the overthrow by Theramenes of the oligarchy, Thrasybulus and Archinus and the uprising of the Seventy Cf. Xenophon, Hellenica, ii. 4. 2. from Phyle against the Spartan hegemony, and Conon’s restoration of Athens to her power on the sea - take these away and Cratippus An historian who continued Thucydides, claiming to be his contemporary (see E. Schwartz, Hermes, xliv. 496). is no more. Xenophon, to be sure, became his own history by writing of his generalship and his successes and recording that it was Themistogenes Cf. Xenophon, Hellenica, iii. 1. 2; M. MacLaren, Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. lxv. (1934) pp. 240-247. the Syracusan who had compiled an account of them, his purpose being to win greater credence for his narrative by referring to himself in the third person, thus favouring another with the glory of the authorship. But all the other historians, men like Cleitodemus, Diyllus, Cf. Moralia, 862 b; Müller, Frag. Hist. Graec. ii. 360-361. Philochorus, Phylarchus, have been for the exploits of others what actors are for plays, exhibiting the deeds of the generals and kings, and merging themselves with their characters as tradition records them, in order that they might share in a certain effulgence, so to speak, and splendour. For there is reflected from the men of action upon the men of letters an image of another’s glory, which shines again there, since the deed is seen, as in a mirror, through the agency of their words. |
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| 55. Seneca The Younger, De Consolatione Ad Helviam, 10.4, 10.6, 10.8-10.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 146, 157 |
56. Seneca The Younger, Letters, 55.7, 56.6, 60.2, 73.6, 77.16-77.18, 89.21-89.22, 95.72-95.73, 97.1-97.10, 97.15, 116.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 89, 104, 145, 146, 157, 188, 204, 216 | 55.7. But the most convenient thing about the villa is the fact that Baiae is next door, it is free from all the inconveniences of that resort, and yet enjoys its pleasures. I myself understand these attractions, and I believe that it is a villa suited to every season of the year. It fronts the west wind, which it intercepts in such a way that Baiae is denied it. So it seems that Vatia was no fool when he selected this place as the best in which to spend his leisure when it was already unfruitful and decrepit. 55.7. But the most convenient thing about the villa is the fact that Baiae is next door, it is free from all the inconveniences of that resort, and yet enjoys its pleasures. I myself understand these attractions, and I believe that it is a villa suited to every season of the year. It fronts the west wind, which it intercepts in such a way that Baiae is denied it. So it seems that Vatia was no fool when he selected this place as the best in which to spend his leisure when it was already unfruitful and decrepit. 77.18. You are afraid of death; but how can you scorn it in the midst of a mushroom supper? You wish to live; well, do you know how to live? You are afraid to die. But come now: is this life of yours anything but death? Gaius Caesar was passing along the Via Latina, when a man stepped out from the ranks of the prisoners, his grey beard hanging down even to his breast, and begged to be put to death. "What!" said Caesar, "are you alive now?" That is the answer which should be given to men to whom death would come as a relief. "You are afraid to die; what! are you alive now?" 77.18. You are afraid of death; but how can you scorn it in the midst of a mushroom supper?[15] You wish to live; well, do you know how to live? You are afraid to die. But come now: is this life of yours anything but death? Gaius Caesar was passing along the Via Latina, when a man stepped out from the ranks of the prisoners, his grey beard hanging down even to his breast, and begged to be put to death. "What!" said Caesar, "are you alive now?" That is the answer which should be given to men to whom death would come as a relief. "You are afraid to die; what! are you alive now?" 77.18. This, too, will help – to turn the mind aside to thoughts of other things and thus to depart from pain. Call to mind what honourable or brave deeds you have done; consider the good side of your own life.[8] Run over in your memory those things which you have particularly admired. Then think of all the brave men who have conquered pain: of him who continued to read his book as he allowed the cutting out of varicose veins; of him who did not cease to smile, though that very smile so enraged his torturers that they tried upon him every instrument of their cruelty. If pain can be conquered by a smile, will it not be conquered by reason? 89.21. And now for a word with you, whose luxury spreads itself out as widely as the greed of those to whom I have just referred. To you I say: "Will this custom continue until there is no lake over which the pinnacles of your country-houses do not tower? Until there is no river whose banks are not bordered by your lordly structures? Wherever hot waters shall gush forth in rills, there you will be causing new resorts of luxury to rise. Wherever the shore shall bend into a bay, there will you straightway be laying foundations, and, not content with any land that has not been made by art, you will bring the sea within your boundaries. On every side let your house-tops flash in the sun, now set on mountain peaks where they command an extensive outlook over sea and land, now lifted from the plain to the height of mountains; build your manifold structures, your huge piles, – you are nevertheless but individuals, and puny ones at that! What profit to you are your many bed-chambers? You sleep in one. No place is yours where you yourselves are not." 95.72. It will be helpful not only to state what is the usual quality of good men, and to outline their figures and features, but also to relate and set forth what men there have been of this kind. We might picture that last and bravest wound of Cato's, through which Freedom breathed her last; or the wise Laelius and his harmonious life with his friend Scipio; or the noble deeds of the Elder Cato at home and abroad; or the wooden couches of Tubero, spread at a public feast, goatskins instead of tapestry, and vessels of earthenware set out for the banquet before the very shrine of Jupiter! What else was this except consecrating poverty on the Capitol? Though I know no other deed of his for which to rank him with the Catos, is this one not enough? It was a censorship, not a banquet. 95.72. Therefore, if our dwelling is situated amid the din of a city, there should be an adviser standing near us. When men praise great incomes, he should praise the person who can be rich with a slender estate and measures his wealth by the use he makes of it. In the face of those who glorify influence and power, he should of his own volition recommend a leisure devoted to study, and a soul which has left the external and found itself. 95.73. How lamentably do those who covet glory fail to understand what glory is, or in what way it should be sought! On that day the Roman populace viewed the furniture of many men; it marvelled only at that of one! The gold and silver of all the others has been broken up and melted down times without number; but Tubero's earthenware will endure throughout eternity. Farewell. The question next arises whether this part alone is sufficient to make men wise. The problem shall be treated at the proper time; but at present, omitting all arguments, is it not clear that we need someone whom we may call upon as our preceptor in opposition to the precepts of men in general? 95.73. He should point out persons, happy in the popular estimation, who totter on their envied heights of power, who are dismayed and hold a far different opinion of themselves from what others hold of them. That which others think elevated, is to them a sheer precipice. Hence they are frightened and in a flutter whenever they look down the abrupt steep of their greatness. For they reflect that there are various ways of falling and that the topmost point is the most slippery. 97.2. Would anyone believe that money changed hands in the trial when Clodius was defendant on the charge of secret adultery with Caesar's wife, when he violated the ritual of that sacrifice which is said to be offered on behalf of the people when all males are so rigorously removed outside the precinct, that even pictures of all male creatures are covered up? And yet, money was given to the jury, and, baser even than such a bargain, sexual crimes were demanded of married women and noble youths as a sort of additional contribution. 97.2. Would anyone believe that money changed hands in the trial when Clodius was defendant on the charge of secret adultery with Caesar's wife, when he violated[1] the ritual of that sacrifice which is said to be offered on behalf of the people when all males are so rigorously removed outside the precinct, that even pictures of all male creatures are covered up? And yet, money was given to the jury, and, baser even than such a bargain, sexual crimes were demanded of married women and noble youths as a sort of additional contribution.[2] 97.3. The charge involved less sin than the acquittal; for the defendant on a charge of adultery parcelled out the adulteries, and was not sure of his own safety until he had made the jury criminals like himself. All this was done at the trial in which Cato gave evidence, although that was his sole part therein. I shall quote Cicero's actual words, because the facts are so bad as to pass belief: 97.3. The charge involved less sin than the acquittal; for the defendant on a charge of adultery parcelled out the adulteries, and was not sure of his own safety until he had made the jury criminals like himself. All this was done at the trial in which Cato gave evidence, although that was his sole part therein. I shall quote Cicero's actual words,[3] because the facts are so bad as to pass belief: 97.4. "He made assignations, promises, pleas, and gifts. And more than this (merciful Heavens, what an abandoned state of affairs!) upon several of the jury, to round out their reward, he even bestowed the enjoyment of certain women and meetings with noble youths." 97.4. He made assignations, promises, pleas, and gifts. And more than this (merciful Heavens, what an abandoned state of affairs!) upon several of the jury, to round out their reward, he even bestowed the enjoyment of certain women and meetings with noble youths. 97.5. It is superfluous to be shocked at the bribe; the additions to the bribe were worse. "Will you have the wife of that prig, A.? Very good. Or of B., the millionaire? I will guarantee that you shall lie with her. If you fail to commit adultery, condemn Clodius. That beauty whom you desire shall visit you. I assure you a night in that woman's company without delay; my promise shall be carried out faithfully within the legal time of postponement." It means more to parcel out such crimes than to commit them; it means blackmailing dignified matrons. 97.5. It is superfluous to be shocked at the bribe; the additions to the bribe were worse. "Will you have the wife of that prig, A.? Very good. Or of B., the millionaire? I will guarantee that you shall lie with her. If you fail to commit adultery, condemn Clodius. That beauty whom you desire shall visit you. I assure you a night in that woman's company without delay; my promise shall be carried out faithfully within the legal time of postponement." It means more to parcel out such crimes than to commit them; it means blackmailing dignified matrons. 97.6. These jurymen in the Clodius trial had asked the Senate for a guard – a favour which would have been necessary only for a jury about to convict the accused; and their request had been granted. Hence the witty remark of Catulus after the defendant had been acquitted: "Why did you ask us for the guard? Were you afraid of having your money stolen from you?" And yet, amid jests like these he got off unpunished who before the trial was an adulterer, during the trial a pander, and who escaped conviction more vilely than he deserved it. 97.6. These jurymen in the Clodius trial had asked the Senate for a guard – a favour which would have been necessary only for a jury about to convict the accused; and their request had been granted. Hence the witty remark of Catulus after the defendant had been acquitted: "Why did you ask us for the guard? Were you afraid of having your money stolen from you?" And yet, amid jests like these he got off unpunished who before the trial was an adulterer, during the trial a pander, and who escaped conviction more vilely than he deserved it. 97.7. Do you believe that anything could be more disgraceful than such moral standards – when lust could not keep its hands either from religious worship or from the courts of law, when, in the very inquiry which was held in special session by order of the Senate, more crime was committed than investigated? The question at issue was whether one could be safe after committing adultery; it was shown that one could not be safe without committing adultery! 97.7. Do you believe that anything could be more disgraceful than such moral standards – when lust could not keep its hands either from religious worship or from the courts of law, when, in the very inquiry which was held in special session by order of the Senate, more crime was committed than investigated? The question at issue was whether one could be safe after committing adultery; it was shown that one could not be safe without committing adultery! 97.8. All this bargaining took place in the presence of Pompey and Caesar, of Cicero and Cato, – yes, that very Cato whose presence, it is said, caused the people to refrain from demanding the usual quips and cranks of naked actresses at the Floralia, – if you can believe that men were stricter in their conduct at a festival than in a court-room! Such things will be done in the future, as they have been done in the past; and the licentiousness of cities will sometimes abate through discipline and fear, never of itself. 97.8. All this bargaining took place in the presence of Pompey and Caesar, of Cicero and Cato, – yes, that very Cato whose presence, it is said, caused the people to refrain from demanding the usual quips and cranks of naked actresses at the Floralia,[4]– if you can believe that men were stricter in their conduct at a festival than in a court-room! Such things will be done in the future, as they have been done in the past; and the licentiousness of cities will sometimes abate through discipline and fear, never of itself. 97.9. Therefore, you need not believe that it is we who have yielded most to lust and least to law. For young men of to-day live far more simple lives than those of an epoch when a defendant would plead not guilty to an adultery charge before his judges, and his judges admit it before the defendant, when debauchery was practised to secure a verdict, and when Clodius, befriended by the very vices of which he was guilty, played the procurer during the actual hearing of the case. Could one believe this? He to whom one adultery brought condemnation was acquitted because of many. 97.9. Therefore, you need not believe that it is we who have yielded most to lust and least to law. For the young men of to-day live far more simple lives than those of an epoch when a defendant would plead not guilty to an adultery charge before his judges, and his judges admit it before the defendant, when debauchery was practised to secure a verdict, and when Clodius, befriended by the very vices of which he was guilty, played the procurer during the actual hearing of the case. Could one believe this? He to whom one adultery brought condemnation was acquitted because of many. |
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57. Suetonius, Augustus, 34.1, 89.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 58 | 89.2. In reading the writers of both tongues there was nothing for which he looked so carefully as precepts and examples instructive to the public or to individuals; these he would often copy word for word, and send to the members of his household, or to his generals and provincial governors, whenever any of them required admonition. He even read entire volumes to the senate and called the attention of the people to them by proclamations; for example, the speeches of Quintus Metellus "On Increasing the Family," and of Rutilius "On the Height of Buildings"; to convince them that he was not the first to give attention to such matters, but that they had aroused the interest even of their forefathers. |
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58. Suetonius, Caligula, 17.2, 35.1, 37.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 49; Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 207 | 35.1. He took from all the noblest of the city the ancient devices of their families, from Torquatus his collar, from Cincinnatus his lock of hair, from Gnaeus Pompeius the surname Great belonging to his ancient race. After inviting Ptolemy, whom I have mentioned before, to come from his kingdom and receiving him with honour, he suddenly had him executed for no other reason than that when giving a gladiatorial show, he noticed that Ptolemy on entering the theatre attracted general attention by the splendour of his purple cloak. 37.1. In reckless extravagance he outdid the prodigals of all times in ingenuity, inventing a new sort of baths and unnatural varieties of food and feasts; for he would bathe in hot or cold perfumed oils, drink pearls of great price dissolved in vinegar, and set before his guests loaves and meats of gold, declaring that a man ought either to be frugal or Caesar. He even scattered large sums of money among the commons from the roof of the basilica Julia for several days in succession. |
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59. Martial, Epigrams, 9.62, 11.39.11-11.39.12 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 48 | 9.62. ON PHILAENIS: If Philaenis wears all day and night garments dyed with Tyrian purple, it is not that she is extravagant or proud; it is the odour that pleases her, not the colour. |
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60. Martial, Epigrams, 9.62, 11.39.11-11.39.12 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 48 | 9.62. ON PHILAENIS: If Philaenis wears all day and night garments dyed with Tyrian purple, it is not that she is extravagant or proud; it is the odour that pleases her, not the colour. |
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61. Suetonius, Nero, 16.2, 26.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 146, 207 | 16.2. During his reign many abuses were severely punished and put down, and no fewer new laws were made: a limit was set to expenditures; the public banquets were confined to a distribution of food; the sale of any kind of cooked viands in the taverns was forbidden, with the exception of pulse and vegetables, whereas before every sort of dainty was exposed for sale. Punishment was inflicted on the Christians, a class of men given to a new and mischievous superstition. He put an end to the diversions of the chariot drivers, who from immunity of long standing claimed the right of ranging at large and amusing themselves by cheating and robbing the people. The pantomimic actors and their partisans were banished from the city. 26.1. Although at first his acts of wantonness, lust, extravagance, avarice and cruelty were gradual and secret, and might be condoned as follies of youth, yet even then their nature was such that no one doubted that they were defects of his character and not due to his time of life. No sooner was twilight over than he would catch up a cap or a wig and go to the taverns or range about the streets playing pranks, which however were very far from harmless; for he used to beat men as they came home from dinner, stabbing any who resisted him and throwing them into the sewers. He would even break into shops and rob them, setting up a market in the Palace, where he divided the booty which he took, sold it at auction, and then squandered the proceeds. |
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62. Lucan, Pharsalia, 10.146-10.147, 10.149-10.158, 10.488 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 104 | 10.146. Onyx and porphyry on the spacious floor Were trodden 'neath the foot; the mighty gates of Maroe's throughout were formed, He mere adornment; ivory clothed the hall, And fixed upon the doors with labour rare Shells of the tortoise gleamed, from Indian Seas, With frequent emeralds studded. Gems of price And yellow jasper on the couches shone. Lustrous the coverlets; the major part Dipped more than once within the vats of Tyre 10.147. Onyx and porphyry on the spacious floor Were trodden 'neath the foot; the mighty gates of Maroe's throughout were formed, He mere adornment; ivory clothed the hall, And fixed upon the doors with labour rare Shells of the tortoise gleamed, from Indian Seas, With frequent emeralds studded. Gems of price And yellow jasper on the couches shone. Lustrous the coverlets; the major part Dipped more than once within the vats of Tyre 10.149. Onyx and porphyry on the spacious floor Were trodden 'neath the foot; the mighty gates of Maroe's throughout were formed, He mere adornment; ivory clothed the hall, And fixed upon the doors with labour rare Shells of the tortoise gleamed, from Indian Seas, With frequent emeralds studded. Gems of price And yellow jasper on the couches shone. Lustrous the coverlets; the major part Dipped more than once within the vats of Tyre 10.150. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.151. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.152. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.153. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.154. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.155. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.156. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.157. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.158. Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, 10.488. Thou'lt fall upon him in the lists of love; Then dare the venture, and the heavenly gods Shall grant of Cato's and of Brutus' prayers To thee fulfilment." Nor was Achillas slow To hear the voice that counselled him to crime. No sounding clarion summoned, as is wont, His troops to arms; nor trumpet blare betrayed Their nightly march: but rapidly he seized All needed instruments of blood and war. of Latian race the most part of his train, |
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| 63. Suetonius, Tiberius, 34.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 207 |
| 64. Tacitus, Annals, a b c d\n0 2.33.3 2.33.3 2 33\n1 1.10.5 1.10.5 1 10\n2 2.33.4 2.33.4 2 33\n3 3.52.3 3.52.3 3 52\n4 3.53.2 3.53.2 3 53\n5 3.54.3 3.54.3 3 54\n6 3.54.5 3.54.5 3 54\n7 3.33.2 3.33.2 3 33\n8 2.44.1 2.44.1 2 44\n9 1.4.5 1.4.5 1 4\n10 11.31.2 11.31.2 11 31\n11 6.6.2 6.6.2 6 6\n12 4.67.3 4.67.3 4 67\n13 3.37.1 3.37.1 3 37\n14 3.34.5 3.34.5 3 34\n15 4.6.4 4.6.4 4 6\n16 6.31.1 6.31.1 6 31\n17 3.54.2 3.54.2 3 54\n18 4.6.6 4.6.6 4 6\n19 15.37.2 15.37.2 15 37\n20 15.37.3 15.37.3 15 37\n21 2.27.1 2.27.1 2 27\n22 3.30.3 3.30.3 3 30\n23 6.7.1 6.7.1 6 7\n24 6.49.1 6.49.1 6 49\n25 6.49.2 6.49.2 6 49\n26 13.30.1 13.30.1 13 30\n27 13.34.1 13.34.1 13 34\n28 15.37.1 15.37.1 15 37\n29 16.1.1 16.1.1 16 1\n30 15.48.2 15.48.2 15 48\n31 16.3.1 16.3.1 16 3\n32 15.37.4 15.37.4 15 37\n33 15.49.3 15.49.3 15 49\n34 16.18.1 16.18.1 16 18\n35 "15.20.3" "15.20.3" "15 20 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 106, 107 |
| 65. Tacitus, Histories, 3.83.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 215 |
| 66. Ammianus Epigrammaticus, Epigrams, 16.5.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 105 |
67. Plutarch, Solon, 21 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 345 | 21. Praise is given also to that law of Solon which forbids speaking ill of the dead. For it is piety to regard the deceased as sacred, justice to spare the absent, and good policy to rob hatred of its perpetuity. He also forbade speaking ill of the living in temples, courts-of-law, public offices, and at festivals; the transgressor must pay three drachmas to the person injured, and two more into the public treasury. For never to master one’s anger is a mark of intemperance and lack of training; but always to do so is difficult, and for some, impossible. And a law must regard the possibilities in the case, if its maker wishes to punish a few to some purpose, and not many to no purpose.,He was highly esteemed also for his law concerning wills. Before his time, no will could be made, but the entire estate of the deceased must remain in his family. Whereas he, by permitting a man who had no children to give his property to whom he wished, ranked friendship above kinship, and favour above necessity, and made a man’s possessions his own property.,On the other hand, he did not permit all manner of gifts without restriction or restraint, but only those which were not made under the influence of sickness, or drugs, or imprisonment, or when a man was the victim of compulsion or yielded to the persuasions of his wife. He thought, very lightly and properly, that being persuaded into wrong was no better than being forced into it, and he placed deceit and compulsion, gratification and affliction, in one and the same category, believing that both were alike able to pervert a man’s reason.,He also subjected the public appearances of the women, their mourning and their festivals, to a law which did away with disorder and licence. When they went out, they were not to wear more than three garments, they were not to carry more than an obol’s worth of food or drink, nor a pannier more than a cubit high, and they were not to travel about by night unless they rode in a wagon with a lamp to light their way. Laceration of the flesh by mourners, and the use of set lamentations, and the bewailing of any one at the funeral ceremonies of another, he forbade.,The sacrifice of an ox at the grave was not permitted, nor the burial with the dead of more than three changes of raiment, nor the visiting of other tombs than those of their own family, except at the time of interment. Most of these practices are also forbidden by our laws, but ours contain the additional proviso that such offenders shall be punished by the board of censors for women, because they indulge in unmanly and effeminate extravagances of sorrow when they mourn |
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68. Plutarch, Lysander, 30.5 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 49| 30.5. οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τάς τε ἄλλας τιμὰς ἀπέδοσαν αὐτῷ τελευτήσαντι, καὶ τοὺς μνηστευσαμένους τὰς θυγατέρας, εἶτα μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ Λυσάνδρου πένητος εὑρεθέντος ἀπειπαμένους ἐζημίωσαν, ὅτι πλούσιον μὲν νομίζοντες ἐθεράπευον, δίκαιον δὲ καὶ χρηστὸν ἐκ τῆς πενίας ἐπιγνόντες ἐγκατέλιπον. ἦν γάρ, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἐν Σπάρτῃ καὶ ἀγαμίου δίκη καὶ ὀψιγαμίου καὶ κακογαμίου· ταύτῃ δὲ ὑπῆγον μάλιστα τοὺς ἀντὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν καὶ οἰκείων τοῖς πλουσίοις κηδεύοντας. τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ Λύσανδρον οὕτως ἱστορήσαμεν ἔχοντα. | 30.5. However, they paid him many honours at his death. In particular, they imposed a fine upon the men who had engaged to marry his daughters, and then, after Lysander's death, had renounced the engagement. The reason given for the fine was that the men had paid court to Lysander while they thought him rich, but when his poverty showed them that he was just a good man, they forsook him. For there was, as it appears, a penalty at Sparta not only for not marrying at all, and for a late marriage, but also a bad marriage; and to this last they subjected those especially who sought alliance with the rich, instead of with the good and with their own associates. Such, then, are the accounts we have found given of Lysander. |
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69. Plutarch, Cato The Elder, 4.2-4.6, 8.2, 16.7, 18.2-18.5, 19.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 24, 25, 105| 4.3. οὐ μόνον ἕως ἔτι νέος καὶ φιλότιμος ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ γέροντα καὶ πολιὸν ἤδη μεθʼ ὑπατείαν καὶ θρίαμβον, ὥσπερ ἀθλητὴν νικηφόρον, ἐγκαρτεροῦντα τῇ τάξει τῆς ἀσκήσεως καὶ διομαλίζοντα μέχρι τῆς τελευτῆς. ἐσθῆτα μὲν γὰρ οὐδέποτέ φησι φορέσαι πολυτελεστέραν ἑκατὸν δραχμῶν, πιεῖν δὲ καὶ στρατηγῶν καὶ ὑπατεύων τὸν αὐτὸν οἶνον τοῖς ἐργάταις, ὄψον δὲ παρασκευάζεσθαι πρὸς τὸ δεῖπνον ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ἀσσαρίων τριάκοντα, καὶ τοῦτο διὰ τὴν πόλιν, ὅπως ἰσχύοι τὸ σῶμα πρὸς τὰς στρατείας. 4.4. ἐπίβλημα δὲ τῶν ποικίλων Βαβυλώνιον ἐκ κληρονομίας κτησάμενος εὐθὺς ἀποδόσθαι, τῶν δὲ ἐπαύλεων αὐτοῦ μηδεμίαν εἶναι κεκονιαμένην, οὐδένα δὲ πώποτε πρίασθαι δοῦλον ὑπὲρ τὰς χιλίας δραχμὰς καὶ πεντακοσίας, ὡς ἂν οὐ τρυφερῶν οὐδʼ ὡραίων, ἀλλʼ ἐργατικῶν καὶ στερεῶν, οἷον ἱπποκόμων καὶ βοηλατῶν, δεόμενος καὶ τούτους δὲ πρεσβυτέρους γενομένους ᾤετο δεῖν ἀποδίδοσθαι καὶ μὴ βόσκειν ἀχρήστους. ὅλως δὲ μηδὲν εὔωνον εἶναι τῶν περιττῶν, ἀλλʼ οὗ τις οὐ δεῖται, κἂν ἀσσαρίου πιπράσκηται, πολλοῦ νομίζειν· κτᾶσθαι δὲ τὰ σπειρόμενα καὶ νεμόμενα μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ ῥαινόμενα καὶ σαιρόμενα. 18.2. ὀχήματος, κόσμου γυναικείου, σκευῶν τῶν περὶ δίαιταν, ὧν ἑκάστου τὸ τίμημα δραχμὰς χιλίας καὶ πεντακοσίας ὑπερέβαλλεν, ἀποτιμᾶσθαι τὴν ἀξίαν εἰς τὸ δεκαπλάσιον, βουλόμενος ἀπὸ μειζόνων τιμημάτων αὐτοῖς μείζονας καὶ τὰς εἰσφορὰς εἶναι, καὶ προσετίμησε τρεῖς χαλκοῦς πρὸς τοῖς χιλίοις, ὅπως βαρυνόμενοι ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς καὶ Τοὺς εὐσταλεῖς καὶ λιτοὺς ὁρῶντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἴσων ἐλάττονα τελοῦντας εἰς τὸ δημόσιον ἀπαγορεύωσιν. 18.3. ἦσαν οὖν αὐτῷ χαλεποὶ μὲν οἱ τὰς εἰσφορὰς διὰ τὴν τρυφὴν ὑπομένοντες, χαλεποὶ δʼ αὖ πάλιν οἱ τὴν τρυφὴν ἀποτιθέμενοι διὰ τὰς εἰσφοράς, πλούτου γὰρ ἀφαίρεσιν οἱ πολλοὶ νομίζουσι τὴν κώλυσιν αὐτοῦ τῆς ἐπιδείξεως, ἐπιδείκνυσθαι δὲ τοῖς περιττοῖς, οὐ τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις. ὃ δὴ καὶ μάλιστά φασι τὸν φιλόσοφον Ἀρίστωνα θαυμάζειν, ὅτι Τοὺς τὰ περιττὰ κεκτημένους μᾶλλον ἡγοῦνται μακαρίους ἢ Τοὺς τῶν ἀναγκαίων καὶ χρησίμων εὐποροῦντας. 19.4. καίτοι πρότερον αὐτὸς κατεγέλα τῶν ἀγαπώντων τὰ τοιαῦτα, καὶ λανθάνειν αὐτοὺς ἔλεγεν ἐπὶ χαλκέων καὶ ζωγράφων ἔργοις μέγα φρονοῦντας, αὐτοῦ δὲ καλλίστας εἰκόνας ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς περιφέρειν τοὺς πολίτας πρὸς δὲ τοὺς θαυμάζοντας, ὅτι πολλῶν ἀδόξων ἀνδριάντας ἐχόντων ἐκεῖνος οὐκ ἔχει μᾶλλον γὰρ, ἔφη, βούλομαι ζητεῖσθαι, διὰ τί μου ἀνδριὰς οὐ κεῖται ἢ διὰ τί κεῖται | 4.3. 4.4. 18.2. 18.3. 19.4. |
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70. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, a b c d\n0 2.9.4 2.9.4 2 9\n1 2.9.5 2.9.5 2 9\n2 "6.9.10" "6.9.10" "6 9\n3 "9.3.1" "9.3.1" "9 3\n4 "9.1.3" "9.1.3" "9 1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 104 | 2.9.4. What shall I say of the censorship of Fabricius Luscinus? All ages have told us, and will still declare to us, that Cornelius Rufinus, who had served as consul twice and as dictator with great renown, was by him expelled from the senate, because he had bought some silver house-ware, weighing ten pounds, that was deemed a bad example of luxury. Indeed the very letters of our age seem to be astonished, when they are compelled to record such severity, and to fear that they will be thought to be commemorating some other city; for it is hard to believe that within the same city ten pounds of silver was then thought disgraceful luxury, and is now considered contemptible poverty. |
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71. Plutarch, Numa Pompilius, 10 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Welch, Tarpeia: Workings of a Roman Myth (2015) 107 | 10. In the beginning, then, they say that Gegania and Verenia were consecrated to this office by Numa, who subsequently added to them Canuleia and Tarpeia; that at a later time two others were added by Servius, making the number which has continued to the present time. It was ordained by the king that the sacred virgins should vow themselves to chastity for thirty years; during the first decade they are to learn their duties, during the second to perform the duties they have learned, and during the third to teach others these duties. ,Then, the thirty years being now passed, any one who wishes has liberty to marry and adopt a different mode of life, after laying down her sacred office. We are told, however, that few have welcomed the indulgence, and that those who did so were not happy, but were a prey to repentance and dejection for the rest of their lives, thereby inspiring the rest with superstitious fears, so that until old age and death they remained steadfast in their virginity.,But Numa bestowed great privileges upon them, such as the right to make a will during the life time of their fathers, and to transact and manage their other affairs without a guardian, like the mothers of three children. When they appear in public, the fasces are carried before them, and if they accidentally meet a criminal on his way to execution, his life is spared; but the virgin must make oath that the meeting was involuntary and fortuitous, and not of design. ,He who passes under the litter on which they are borne, is put to death. For their minor offences the virgins are punished with stripes, the Pontifex Maximus sometimes scourging the culprit on her bare flesh, in a dark place, with a curtain interposed. But she that has broken her vow of chastity is buried alive near the Colline gate. Here a little ridge of earth extends for some distance along the inside of the city-wall; the Latin word for it is agger. ,Under it a small chamber is constructed, with steps leading down from above. In this are placed a couch with its coverings, a lighted lamp, and very small portions of the necessaries of life, such as bread, a bowl of water, milk, and oil, as though they would thereby absolve themselves from the charge of destroying by hunger a life which had been consecrated to the highest services of religion. ,Then the culprit herself is placed on a litter, over which coverings are thrown and fastened down with cords so that not even a cry can be heard from within, and carried through the forum. All the people there silently make way for the litter, and follow it without uttering a sound, in a terrible depression of soul. No other spectacle is more appalling, nor does any other day bring more gloom to the city than this. ,When the litter reaches its destination, the attendants unfasten the cords of the coverings. Then the high-priest, after stretching his hands toward heaven and uttering certain mysterious prayers before the fatal act, brings forth the culprit, who is closely veiled, and places her on the steps leading down into the chamber. After this he turns away his face, as do the rest of the priests, and when she has gone down, the steps are taken up, and great quantities of earth are thrown into the entrance to the chamber, hiding it away, and making the place level with the rest of the mound. Such is the punishment of those who break their vow of virginity. 10. In the beginning, then, they say that Gegania and Verenia were consecrated to this office by Numa, who subsequently added to them Canuleia and Tarpeia; that at a later time two others were added by Servius, making the number which has continued to the present time. It was ordained by the king that the sacred virgins should vow themselves to chastity for thirty years; during the first decade they are to learn their duties, during the second to perform the duties they have learned, and during the third to teach others these duties.,Then, the thirty years being now passed, any one who wishes has liberty to marry and adopt a different mode of life, after laying down her sacred office. We are told, however, that few have welcomed the indulgence, and that those who did so were not happy, but were a prey to repentance and dejection for the rest of their lives, thereby inspiring the rest with superstitious fears, so that until old age and death they remained steadfast in their virginity.,But Numa bestowed great privileges upon them, such as the right to make a will during the life time of their fathers, and to transact and manage their other affairs without a guardian, like the mothers of three children. When they appear in public, the fasces are carried before them, and if they accidentally meet a criminal on his way to execution, his life is spared; but the virgin must make oath that the meeting was involuntary and fortuitous, and not of design.,He who passes under the litter on which they are borne, is put to death. For their minor offences the virgins are punished with stripes, the Pontifex Maximus sometimes scourging the culprit on her bare flesh, in a dark place, with a curtain interposed. But she that has broken her vow of chastity is buried alive near the Colline gate. Here a little ridge of earth extends for some distance along the inside of the city-wall; the Latin word for it is agger.,Under it a small chamber is constructed, with steps leading down from above. In this are placed a couch with its coverings, a lighted lamp, and very small portions of the necessaries of life, such as bread, a bowl of water, milk, and oil, as though they would thereby absolve themselves from the charge of destroying by hunger a life which had been consecrated to the highest services of religion.,Then the culprit herself is placed on a litter, over which coverings are thrown and fastened down with cords so that not even a cry can be heard from within, and carried through the forum. All the people there silently make way for the litter, and follow it without uttering a sound, in a terrible depression of soul. No other spectacle is more appalling, nor does any other day bring more gloom to the city than this.,When the litter reaches its destination, the attendants unfasten the cords of the coverings. Then the high-priest, after stretching his hands toward heaven and uttering certain mysterious prayers before the fatal act, brings forth the culprit, who is closely veiled, and places her on the steps leading down into the chamber. After this he turns away his face, as do the rest of the priests, and when she has gone down, the steps are taken up, and great quantities of earth are thrown into the entrance to the chamber, hiding it away, and making the place level with the rest of the mound. Such is the punishment of those who break their vow of virginity. |
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| 72. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, a b c d\n0 19.5.22 19.5.22 19 5\n1 18.188 18.188 18 188\n2 18.154 18.154 18 154\n3 9.66 9.66 9 66\n4 9.67 9.67 9 67\n5 9.68 9.68 9 68\n6 18.189 18.189 18 189\n7 19.113 19.113 19 113\n8 8.82 8.82 8 82\n9 7.100 7.100 7 100\n10 "10.139" "10.139" "10 139"\n11 1.23 1.23 1 23\n12 1.24 1.24 1 24\n13 "8.64" "8.64" "8 64"\n14 "37.85" "37.85" "37 85" (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 137 |
| 73. Juvenal, Satires, 6.292-6.295, 6.298-6.305, 6.308-6.311, 7.134-7.136 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 48; Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 89 |
74. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 43.25.2, 57.12.1-57.12.2, 57.18.5 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 16, 105, 106 | 57.12.2. For she occupied a very exalted station, far above all women of former days, so that she could at any time receive the senate and such of the people as wished to greet her in her house; and this fact was entered in the public records. The letters of Tiberius bore for a time her name, also, and communications were addressed to both alike. 57.18.5. It ran:"When thrice three hundred revolving years have run their course, Civil strife upon Rome destruction shall bring, and the folly, too, of Sybaris . . ." Tiberius, now, denounced these verses as spurious and made an investigation of all the books that contained any prophecies, rejecting some as worthless and retaining others as genuine. 57.18.5. It ran: "When thrice three hundred revolving years have run their course, Civil strife upon Rome destruction shall bring, and the folly, too, of Sybaris . . ." Tiberius, now, denounced these verses as spurious and made an investigation of all the books that contained any prophecies, rejecting some as worthless and retaining others as genuine. 5 a As the Jews flocked to Rome in great numbers and were converting many of the natives to their ways, he banished most of them. 6 At the death of Germanicus Tiberius and Livia were thoroughly pleased, but everybody else was deeply grieved. He was a man of the most striking physical beauty and likewise of the noblest spirit, and was conspicuous alike for his culture and for his strength. Though the bravest of men against the foe, he showed himself most gentle with his countrymen; |
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| 75. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 5.6.45 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 204 |
| 76. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 5.6.45 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 204 |
| 77. Gellius, Attic Nights, 2.24.14, 2.24.5, 2.24.4, 2.24.3, 2.24.15, 2.24.12, 2.24.11, 2.24.9, 2.24.6, 2.24.7, 2.24.8, 2.24.10, 15.8, 2.24.pr.1, "2.24.2" (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 105 |
| 78. Apuleius, On Plato, 2.15.241-2.15.242 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 216 |
| 79. Athenaeus, The Learned Banquet, 274c, 274d, 274e, 521c, 528a, 528b, 3e (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 345 |
80. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 7.12 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 1021 | 7.12. Thraso of the deme Anacaea, Philocles of Peiraeus, Phaedrus of Anaphlystus, Medon of Acharnae, Micythus of Sypalettus, and Dion of Paeania have been elected commissioners for the making of the crown and the building.These are the terms of the decree.Antigonus of Carystus tells us that he never denied that he was a citizen of Citium. For when he was one of those who contributed to the restoration of the baths and his name was inscribed upon the pillar as Zeno the philosopher, he requested that the words of Citium should be added. He made a hollow lid for a flask and used to carry about money in it, in order that there might be provision at hand for the necessities of his master Crates. |
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| 81. Augustine, De Octo Dulcitii Quaestionibus Liber, 1.4 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 106 |
| 82. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.13.13-3.13.14, 3.17, 3.17.1-3.17.8, 3.17.11-3.17.12, 3.17.14-3.17.18 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 242; Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 105, 109 |
| 83. Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Elagabalus, 18.4 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 218 |
| 84. Orosius Paulus, Historiae Adversum Paganos, a b c d\n0 "4.20.14" "4.20.14" "4 20 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 249, 250 |
| 85. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.13.13-3.13.14, 3.17, 3.17.1-3.17.8, 3.17.11-3.17.12, 3.17.14-3.17.18 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 242; Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 105, 109 |
| 86. Anon., Lucilius, 1109-1110, 1194-1208, 1220, 1242-1243, 126, 237, 448-449, 465-466, 595-596, 599, 601-603, 70, 1241 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Breed, Keitel and Wallace, Lucilius and Satire in Second-Century BC Rome (2018) 263 |
| 87. Anon., De Viris Illustribus, a b c d\n0 "47.6" "47.6" "47 6"\n1 "43" "43" "43" None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 249 |
| 88. Posidonius, Test., 13 Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 423 |
| 89. Epigraphy, Id, 104-107, 109-124, 108 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 1021 |
| 90. Cato The Elder, Fr., orf 4 8.163 = frg. 118 sbl. = gell. 6.3.14, orf 4 8.75 = frg. 65 sbl., orf 4 8.185 = frg. 139 sbl. = fest. p. 282.5, orf 4 8.143 = frg. 210 sbl. = macr. sat. 3.17.3, orf 4 8.133 = frg. 97 sbl. = iul. rufin. rhlm 43.21ff. helm Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 25 |
| 91. Scholia In Pindarum, Scholia Vetera (Scholia In Pindarum (Scholia Vetera) ), "96" Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 242 |
| 92. Ulpianus Domitius, Digesta, 32.70.12 Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Goldman, Color-Terms in Social and Cultural Context in Ancient Rome (2013) 136 |
93. Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, 1.11.5, 2.1.1-2.1.2, 2.100.3 Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 40 | 1.11.5. This same Metellus was the first of all to build a temple of marble, which he erected in the midst of these very monuments, thereby becoming the pioneer in this form of munificence, or shall we call it luxury? One will scarcely find a man of any race, or any age, or any rank, whose happy fortune is comparable with that of Metellus. 6 For, not to mention his surpassing triumphs, the great honours which he held, his supreme position in the state, the length of his life, and the bitter struggles on behalf of the state which he waged with his enemies without damage to his reputation, he reared four sons, saw them all reach man's estate, left them all surviving him and held in the highest honour. 7 These four sons bore the bier of their dead father to its place in front of the rostra; one was an ex-consul and ex-censor, the second an ex-consul, the third was actually consul, and the fourth was then a candidate for the consulship, an office which he duly held. This is assuredly not to die, but rather to pass happily out of life. 2.1.1. BOOK II The first of the Scipios opened the way for the world power of the Romans; the second opened the way for luxury. For, when Rome was freed of the fear of Carthage, and her rival in empire was out of her way, the path of virtue was abandoned for that of corruption, not gradually, but in headlong course. The older discipline was discarded to give place to the new. The state passed from vigilance to slumber, from the pursuit of arms to the pursuit of pleasure, from activity to idleness. 2 It was at this time that there were built, on the Capitol, the porticoes of Scipio Nasica, the porticoes of Metellus already mentioned, and, in the Circus, the portico of Gnaeus Octavius, the most splendid of them all; and private luxury soon followed public extravagance. |
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| 94. Zonaras, Epitome, a b c d\n0 "9.17.1" "9.17.1" "9 17 Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022) 249, 250 |
| 95. Various, Anthologia Palatina, 4.29 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 345 |
| 96. Epigraphy, Ig Ii3, 25, 985, 510 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 1021 |
| 97. Aristophanes Boeotus, Fragments, 6.274c-e Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 188 |
| 98. Epigraphy, Lsam, 64 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 375 |
| 99. Epigraphy, Ig I , 1023, 1261, 1285, 1292, 986 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 401 |
| 100. Porphyrion, Commentarium In Q. Horatium Flaccum, 3.1.33 Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 39 |
| 101. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 1631.637, 1631.638, 11169, 11720, 1258, 1259, 1261, 13102a, 1611, 2631, 2632, 3106, 3206, 3829, 5327, 6572, 6573, 7169, 4985 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 376, 401 |
| 102. Demetrios of Phaleron, Fr., 135 wehrli Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 373 |
| 103. Epigraphy, 77, 161 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 401 |
| 104. Epigraphy, Sema, 1820, 82, 832+834, 153 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 1021 |
| 105. Epigraphy, Irh, 167 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 401 |
| 106. Plutarch, Alk., 11 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 345 |
| 107. Epigraphy, Gortyn, 3.38-3.41 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 49 |
| 108. Various, Fgh 227, f9 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 373 |
| 109. Various, Pcg, 7.100 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 415 |
| 110. Suetoniusde Vita Caesarum , De Vita Caesarum Divus Iulius, 43 Tagged with subjects: •sumptuary laws Found in books: Romana Berno, Roman Luxuria: A Literary and Cultural History (2023) 105 |
| 111. Epigraphy, Seg, 19.174, 34.86, 51.291, 52.132, 54.518, 55.937, 57.820, 58.149 Tagged with subjects: •laws, sumptuary Found in books: Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 375, 376, 401, 415, 1021 |
| 112. Pseudo-Scymnus, Description of The World, 340-373, 375-536, 374 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 344 |
