| 1. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 113-114, 116-118, 115 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Levine (2005) 642 |
2. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 6.4-6.9, 31.10-31.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, propylaeum •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 642, 643| 6.4. "שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ יְהוָה אֶחָד׃", 6.5. "וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכָל־מְאֹדֶךָ׃", 6.6. "וְהָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם עַל־לְבָבֶךָ׃", 6.7. "וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ׃", 6.8. "וּקְשַׁרְתָּם לְאוֹת עַל־יָדֶךָ וְהָיוּ לְטֹטָפֹת בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ׃", 6.9. "וּכְתַבְתָּם עַל־מְזוּזֹת בֵּיתֶךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶיךָ׃", 31.11. "בְּבוֹא כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵרָאוֹת אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחָר תִּקְרָא אֶת־הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת נֶגֶד כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם׃", 31.12. "הַקְהֵל אֶת־הָעָם הָאֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים וְהַטַּף וְגֵרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ לְמַעַן יִשְׁמְעוּ וּלְמַעַן יִלְמְדוּ וְיָרְאוּ אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם וְשָׁמְרוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת׃", 31.13. "וּבְנֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדְעוּ יִשְׁמְעוּ וְלָמְדוּ לְיִרְאָה אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם כָּל־הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם חַיִּים עַל־הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃", | 6.4. "HEAR, O ISRAEL: THE LORD OUR GOD, THE LORD IS ONE.", 6.5. "And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.", 6.6. "And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be upon thy heart;", 6.7. "and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.", 6.8. "And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thy hand, and they shall be for frontlets between thine eyes.", 6.9. "And thou shalt write them upon the door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates.", 31.10. "And Moses commanded them, saying: ‘At the end of every seven years, in the set time of the year of release, in the feast of tabernacles,", 31.11. "when all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which He shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing.", 31.12. "Assemble the people, the men and the women and the little ones, and thy stranger that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, and fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words of this law;", 31.13. "and that their children, who have not known, may hear, and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as ye live in the land whither ye go over the Jordan to possess it.’", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 6.3 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, propylaeum Found in books: Levine (2005) 643| 6.3. "וְקָרָא זֶה אֶל־זֶה וְאָמַר קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת מְלֹא כָל־הָאָרֶץ כְּבוֹדוֹ׃", | 6.3. "And one called unto another, and said: Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts; The whole earth is full of His glory.", |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 3.12 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, propylaeum Found in books: Levine (2005) 643| 3.12. "וַתִּשָּׂאֵנִי רוּחַ וָאֶשְׁמַע אַחֲרַי קוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה מִמְּקוֹמוֹ׃", | 3.12. "Then a spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me the voice of a great rushing: ‘Blessed be the glory of the LORD from His place’;", |
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| 5. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 1.41 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen Found in books: Levine (2005) 397 |
6. Hebrew Bible, Nehemiah, 8.4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 344, 376| 8.4. "וַיַּעֲמֹד עֶזְרָא הַסֹּפֵר עַל־מִגְדַּל־עֵץ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ לַדָּבָר וַיַּעֲמֹד אֶצְלוֹ מַתִּתְיָה וְשֶׁמַע וַעֲנָיָה וְאוּרִיָּה וְחִלְקִיָּה וּמַעֲשֵׂיָה עַל־יְמִינוֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ פְּדָיָה וּמִישָׁאֵל וּמַלְכִּיָּה וְחָשֻׁם וְחַשְׁבַּדָּנָה זְכַרְיָה מְשֻׁלָּם׃", | 8.4. "And Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood, which they had made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, and Shema, and Anaiah, and Uriah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, on his right hand; and on his left hand, Pedaiah, and Mishael, and Malchijah, and Hashum, and Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam.", |
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7. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 1.21-1.24 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen Found in books: Levine (2005) 397 | 1.21. He arrogantly entered the sanctuary and took the golden altar, the lampstand for the light, and all its utensils. 1.22. He took also the table for the bread of the Presence, the cups for drink offerings, the bowls, the golden censers, the curtain, the crowns, and the gold decoration on the front of the temple; he stripped it all off. 1.23. He took the silver and the gold, and the costly vessels; he took also the hidden treasures which he found. 1.24. Taking them all, he departed to his own land. He committed deeds of murder,and spoke with great arrogance. |
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8. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 5.21 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen Found in books: Levine (2005) 397 | 5.21. So Antiochus carried off eighteen hundred talents from the temple, and hurried away to Antioch, thinking in his arrogance that he could sail on the land and walk on the sea, because his mind was elated.' |
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9. Tosefta, Oholot, 4.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 4.2. "אמר ר' יהודה ששה דברים היה ר\"ע מטמא וחזר בו. מעשה שהביאו קופות של עצמות מכפר טביא והניחום באויר ביהכ\"נ בלוד ונכנס תיאודריס הרופא וכל הרופאין עמו ואמרו אין כאן שדרה ממת אחד ולא גולגולת ממת אחד אמרו הואיל ויש כן מטמאים ויש כן מטהרין נעמוד למנין התחילו מר\"ע וטיהר אמרו לו הואיל ואתה שהיתה מטמא טהרת יהו טהורין אמר ר\"ש ועד יום מיתתו של ר\"ע היה מטמא ואם משמת חזר בו איני יודע.", | |
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10. Tosefta, Avodah Zarah, 6.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 338| 6.3. "מוקצה שלו אסור ושל חברו מותר לפני הקדישו אסור לאחר הקדישו מותר מאימתי נקרא מוקצה משנעשה בו מעשה איזהו נעבד כל שעובדין אותו בין בשגגה בין במזיד איזה הוא מוקצה מקצה לעבודת כוכבים אבל אמר שור זה לעבודת כוכבים לא אמר כלום לפי שאין הקדש לעבודת כוכבים. ", | |
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11. Mishnah, Shabbat, 16.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 77| 16.2. "מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שָׁלשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת, הָרָאוּי לְאָדָם לְאָדָם, הָרָאוּי לִבְהֵמָה לִבְהֵמָה. כֵּיצַד. נָפְלָה דְלֵקָה בְלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שָׁלשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת, בְּשַׁחֲרִית, מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת, בְּמִנְחָה, מְזוֹן סְעֻדָּה אֶחָת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שָׁלשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת: \n", | 16.2. "Food for three meals may be saved, that which is fit for a person, for a person, that which is fit for a beast, for a beast. How is this so? If a fire breaks out on the eve of Shabbat, food for three meals may be saved. If in the morning, food for two meals may be saved. If at [the time of] minhah, food for one meal. Rabbi Yose says: at all times we may save food for three meals.", |
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12. Mishnah, Peah, 8.5, 8.7 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen •soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 77, 78; Levine (2005) 397| 8.5. "אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין לָעֲנִיִּים בַּגֹּרֶן מֵחֲצִי קַב חִטִּים וְקַב שְׂעוֹרִים. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, חֲצִי קַב. קַב וָחֵצִי כֻסְּמִין, וְקַב גְּרוֹגָרוֹת, אוֹ מָנֶה דְּבֵלָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, פְּרָס. חֲצִי לֹג יָיִן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, רְבִיעִית. רְבִיעִית שֶׁמֶן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, שְׁמִינִית. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת, אָמַר אַבָּא שָׁאוּל, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּמְכְּרֵם וְיִקַּח בָּהֶם מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת:", 8.7. "אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין לֶעָנִי הָעוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם מִכִּכָּר בְּפוּנְדְיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין בְּסֶלַע. לָן, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ פַּרְנָסַת לִינָה. שָׁבַת, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ מְזוֹן שָׁלשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת. מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת, לֹא יִטֹּל מִן הַתַּמְחוּי. מְזוֹן אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה סְעֻדּוֹת, לֹא יִטֹּל מִן הַקֻּפָּה. וְהַקֻּפָּה נִגְבֵּית בִּשְׁנַיִם, וּמִתְחַלֶּקֶת בִּשְׁלשָׁה:", | 8.5. "They may not give to the poor from the threshing-floor less than a half-kav of wheat or a kav of barley. R. Meir says: [only] half a kav [of barley]. [They must give] a kav and a half of spelt, a kav of dried figs or a maneh of pressed figs. Rabbi Akiva says: half a maneh. [They must give] half a log of wine. Rabbi Akiva says: a quarter. [They must give] a quarter [log] of oil. Rabbi Akiva says: an eighth. As for other kinds of produce: Abba Shaul says, [they must give enough] so that he can sell it and buy food enough for two meals.", 8.7. "They may not give a poor person wandering from place to place less than a loaf worth a pundion at a time when four seahs [of wheat cost] one sela. If he spends the night [at a place], they must give him the cost of what he needs for the night. If he stays over Shabbat they must give him enough food for three meals. He who has the money for two meals, he may not take anything from the charity dish. And if he has enough money for fourteen meals, he may not take any support from the communal fund. The communal fund is collected by two and distributed by three people.", |
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13. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 4.209-4.211, 13.74-13.79, 14.231-14.232, 16.164 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave •soup kitchen, portico •soup kitchen Found in books: Levine (2005) 111, 344, 397 | 4.209. 12. When the multitude are assembled together unto the holy city for sacrificing every seventh year, at the feast of tabernacles, let the high priest stand upon a high desk, whence he may be heard, and let him read the laws to all the people; and let neither the women nor the children be hindered from hearing, no, nor the servants neither; 4.210. for it is a good thing that those laws should be engraven in their souls, and preserved in their memories, that so it may not be possible to blot them out; for by this means they will not be guilty of sin, when they cannot plead ignorance of what the laws have enjoined them. The laws also will have a greater authority among them, as foretelling what they will suffer if they break them; and imprinting in their souls by this hearing what they command them to do, 4.211. that so there may always be within their minds that intention of the laws which they have despised and broken, and have thereby been the causes of their own mischief. Let the children also learn the laws, as the first thing they are taught, which will be the best thing they can be taught, and will be the cause of their future felicity. 13.74. 4. Now it came to pass that the Alexandrian Jews, and those Samaritans who paid their worship to the temple that was built in the days of Alexander at Mount Gerizzim, did now make a sedition one against another, and disputed about their temples before Ptolemy himself; the Jews saying that, according to the laws of Moses, the temple was to be built at Jerusalem; and the Samaritans saying that it was to be built at Gerizzim. 13.75. They desired therefore the king to sit with his friends, and hear the debates about these matters, and punish those with death who were baffled. Now Sabbeus and Theodosius managed the argument for the Samaritans, and Andronicus, the son of Messalamus, for the people of Jerusalem; 13.76. and they took an oath by God and the king to make their demonstrations according to the law; and they desired of Ptolemy, that whomsoever he should find that transgressed what they had sworn to, he would put him to death. Accordingly, the king took several of his friends into the council, and sat down, in order to hear what the pleaders said. 13.77. Now the Jews that were at Alexandria were in great concern for those men, whose lot it was to contend for the temple at Jerusalem; for they took it very ill that any should take away the reputation of that temple, which was so ancient and so celebrated all over the habitable earth. 13.78. Now when Sabbeus and Tlteodosius had given leave to Andronicus to speak first, he began to demonstrate out of the law, and out of the successions of the high priests, how they every one in succession from his father had received that dignity, and ruled over the temple; and how all the kings of Asia had honored that temple with their donations, and with the most splendid gifts dedicated thereto. But as for that at Gerizzm, he made no account of it, and regarded it as if it had never had a being. 13.79. By this speech, and other arguments, Andronicus persuaded the king to determine that the temple at Jerusalem was built according to the laws of Moses, and to put Sabbeus and Theodosius to death. And these were the events that befell the Jews at Alexandria in the days of Ptolemy Philometor. 14.231. 14. The decree of the Delians. “The answer of the praetors, when Beotus was archon, on the twentieth day of the month Thargeleon. While Marcus Piso the lieutet lived in our city, who was also appointed over the choice of the soldiers, he called us, and many other of the citizens, and gave order, 14.232. that if there be here any Jews who are Roman citizens, no one is to give them any disturbance about going into the army, because Cornelius Lentulus, the consul, freed the Jews from going into the army, on account of the superstition they are under;—you are therefore obliged to submit to the praetor.” And the like decree was made by the Sardians about us also. 16.164. But if any one be caught stealing their holy books, or their sacred money, whether it be out of the synagogue or public school, he shall be deemed a sacrilegious person, and his goods shall be brought into the public treasury of the Romans. |
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14. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 2.175 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen Found in books: Levine (2005) 397 | 2.175. 4. After this he raised another disturbance, by expending that sacred treasure which is called Corban upon aqueducts, whereby he brought water from the distance of four hundred furlongs. At this the multitude had great indignation; and when Pilate was come to Jerusalem, they came about his tribunal, and made a clamor at it. |
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| 15. Tosefta, Menachot, 10.23 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75 |
16. Tosefta, Bava Qamma, 2.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 2.6. "המצניע קוצים וזכוכית בתוך כותלו של חברו ובא בעל הכותל וסתרו ובא אחר והוזק בהן הרי זה חייב חסידים הראשונים היו מוציאין אותו לתוך שדות עצמן ומעמיקין להן ג' טפחים כדי שלא תעלם המחרישה היה בקופה של תבן ובא חבילה של קוצים ברה\"ר ובא אחר והוזק בהן הרי זה חייב רבי יהודה פוטר שלא נתנו ערי ישראל אלא לכך כגון אלו הפותחין ביביהן והגורפין מערותיהן ברשות הרבים בימות החמה שאין להן רשות בימות הגשמים אע\"פ שיש להן רשות ובא אחר והוזק בהן הרי זה חייב המוציא תבנו וקשו לרשות הרבים לזבלים ובא אחר והוזק בהן הרי זה חייב וכל הקודם בהן זכה החופר את הגלל לזכות בה ברה\"ר ובא אחר והוזק בה הרי זה חייב ואסורה משום גזל רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר כל המקלקלין ברשות הרבים מותרין משום גזל.", | |
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17. Mishnah, Oholot, 6.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 6.2. "קוֹבְרֵי הַמֵּת שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹבְרִים בְּאַכְסַדְרָה, וְהֵגִיף אַחַד מֵהֶן אֶת הַדֶּלֶת וּסְמָכוֹ בַמַּפְתֵּחַ, אִם יָכוֹל הַדֶּלֶת לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָהוֹר. וְאִם לָאו, טָמֵא. וְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁל גְּרוֹגָרוֹת אוֹ קֻפָּה שֶׁל תֶּבֶן שֶׁהֵן נְתוּנוֹת בְּחַלּוֹן, אִם יְכוֹלִין הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת וְהַתֶּבֶן לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לָאו, טְמֵאִין. בַּיִת שֶׁחֲצָצוֹ בְקַנְקַנִּים וְטָח בְּטִיחַ, אִם יָכוֹל הַטִּיחַ לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָהוֹר. וְאִם לָאו, טָמֵא: \n", | 6.2. "If corpse-bearers were passing along a portico and one of them shut a door and locked it with a key, If the door can remain in its position on its own,[the contents of the house] remain clean, But if not, they become unclean. Similarly [in the case of] a barrel of dried figs or a basket of straw placed in a window, If the dried figs or the straw can remain in their position on their own, [the contents of the room] remain clean, But if not they become unclean. [In the case of] a house partitioned off by wine-jars, which had been plastered with clay, If the clay can remain in its position on its own, [the space partitioned off] remains clean, But if not, it becomes unclean.", |
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18. Mishnah, Bava Metzia, 2.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 2.8. "מָצָא סְפָרִים, קוֹרֵא בָהֶן אַחַת לִשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ לִקְרוֹת, גּוֹלְלָן. אֲבָל לֹא יִלְמֹד בָּהֶן בַּתְּחִלָּה, וְלֹא יִקְרָא אַחֵר עִמּוֹ. מָצָא כְסוּת, מְנַעֲרָהּ אַחַת לִשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וְשׁוֹטְחָהּ לְצָרְכָּהּ, אֲבָל לֹא לִכְבוֹדוֹ. כְּלֵי כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת, מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן לְצָרְכָּן, אֲבָל לֹא לְשָׁחֳקָן. כְּלֵי זָהָב וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית, לֹא יִגַּע בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא אֵלִיָּהוּ. מָצָא שַׂק אוֹ קֻפָּה, וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לִטֹּל, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִטֹּל:", | 2.8. "If he found scrolls he must read them once every thirty days, and if he does not know how to read he should unroll them. But he may not learn from them something he has not yet learned, nor may another read with him. If he found clothing he must shake it out once every thirty days, and spread it out for [the clothing’s] own good, but not for his own honor. [If he found] silver or copper vessels he must use them for their own good but not so as to wear them out. [If he found] vessels of gold or glass he may not touch them until Elijah comes. If he found a sack or a large basket or anything that is not generally carried about, he may not carry it.", |
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19. Mishnah, Beitzah, 4.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 4.1. "הַמֵּבִיא כַדֵּי יַיִן מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, לֹא יְבִיאֵם בְּסַל וּבְקֻפָּה, אֲבָל מֵבִיא הוּא עַל כְּתֵפוֹ אוֹ לְפָנָיו. וְכֵן הַמּוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַתֶּבֶן, לֹא יַפְשִׁיל אֶת הַקֻּפָּה לַאֲחוֹרָיו, אֲבָל מְבִיאָהּ הוּא בְיָדוֹ. וּמַתְחִילִין בַּעֲרֵמַת הַתֶּבֶן, אֲבָל לֹא בָעֵצִים שֶׁבַּמֻּקְצֶה: \n", | 4.1. "One who carries jars of wine from place to place, he may not carry them in a basket or in a large basket, but he may carry [them] on his shoulder or in front of him. Similarly, one who brings straw, he may not drape a large basket over his back, rather he must carry it in his hand. And one may start [using] a heap of straw, but [one may] not [start using wood] from the back-yard.", |
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20. Mishnah, Eruvin, 8.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 77| 8.2. "כַּמָּה הוּא שִׁעוּרוֹ, מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעוּדוֹת לְכָל אֶחָד. מְזוֹנוֹ לְחֹל וְלֹא לְשַׁבָּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁבָּת וְלֹא לְחֹל. וְזֶה וָזֶה מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה אוֹמֵר, מִכִּכָּר בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין בְּסֶלַע. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לְכִכָּר מִשָּׁלֹשׁ לְקָב. חֶצְיָהּ לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, וַחֲצִי חֶצְיָהּ לִפְסֹל אֶת הַגְּוִיָּה: \n", | 8.2. "What is the minimum measure [for Shabbat border eruvin]?Food for two meals for each person, for weekdays and not for Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: for Shabbat and not for weekdays. And both intended to give a leniency. Rabbi Yoha ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pondium when the price of wheat is four se’ah for a sela. Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made from a kav [of wheat]. Half of this loaf is the size prescribed for a leprous house, and half of its half is the size that disqualifies one’s body [from eating terumah].", |
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21. Mishnah, Kelim, 8.2, 17.4, 17.11 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75, 77| 8.2. "הָיְתָה שְׁלֵמָה, וְכֵן הַקֻּפָּה, וְכֵן הַחֵמֶת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְהוֹרִין. נִקְּבוּ, הֶעָשׂוּי לְאֳכָלִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַשְׁקִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִים אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ, בְּכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה: \n", 17.4. "הָרִמּוֹנִים שֶׁאָמְרוּ, שְׁלֹשָׁה, אֲחוּזִין זֶה בָזֶה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּנָפָה וּבִכְבָרָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּטֹּל וִיהַלֵּךְ, וּבְקֻפָּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּפְשִׁיל לַאֲחוֹרָיו. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁאֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, כְּגוֹן הָרֹבַע, וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, הַקְּנוֹנִים הַקְּטַנִּים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּרֻבָּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בְּזֵיתִים. נִפְרְצוּ, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. נִגְמְמוּ, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן: \n", 17.11. "וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְּמִדָּה דַקָּה, מִדּוֹת הַלַּח וְהַיָּבֵשׁ שִׁעוּרָן בָּאִיטַלְקִי, זוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הַכֹּל לְפִי מַה שֶּׁהוּא אָדָם, הַקּוֹמֵץ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה, וְהַחוֹפֵן אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת, וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה כִמְלֹא לֻגְמָיו בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וְכִמְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת לָעֵרוּב, מְזוֹנוֹ לְחֹל אֲבָל לֹא לְשַׁבָּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁבָּת אֲבָל לֹא לְחֹל. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִשְּׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לְכִכָּר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ לְקָב. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, מִכִּכָּר בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין בְּסָלַע: \n", | 8.2. "If the hive was complete, and so too in the case of a basket or a skin-bottle, and a sheretz was within it the oven remains clean. If the sheretz was in the oven, any food in the hive remain clean. If a hole was made in it: A vessel that is used for food must have a hole large enough for olives to fall through, If it is used for liquids the hole must be large enough for liquids to pass into it, And if it is used for either it is subjected to the greater restriction: the hole need only be large enough for liquids to pass into it.", 17.4. "The pomegranates of which they have spoken--three attached to one another. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: in a sifter or a sieve [the size of the hole must be such that a pomegranate will drop out] when one picks it up and walks about with it. In a basket it must be such [as would allow a pomegranate] to fall through while one hangs it behind him. And all other vessels which cannot hold pomegranates as, for instance, the quarter kav measure and the half quarter kav measure, and small baskets, the size [of their holes must be] such as would extend over the greater part of them, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says: [the size of their hole must be such that] olives [could fall through]. If their sides were broken [the size of their hole must be] such as olives would drop through. If they are worn away the size must be such as would allow the objects which are usually kept in them [to drop through].", 17.11. "Sometimes they stated a smaller measure: Liquid and dry measures were measured with the Italian standard which was the one that was used in the wilderness. Sometimes they stated a measure that varied according to the individual concerned: One who takes the handful of a minhah, One who takes both hands full of incense, One who drinks a cheek full on Yom Kippur, And the two meals for an eruv, The quantity being the food one eats on weekdays and not on Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: as on Shabbat and not as on weekdays. And both intended to give the more lenient ruling. Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made of a kav. Rabbi Yoha ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pundium when the price of wheat is four se'ah for a sela’.", |
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22. Mishnah, Kilayim, 9.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 9.1. "אֵין אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם אֶלָּא צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים. וְאֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בִנְגָעִים אֶלָּא צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים. אֵין הַכֹּהֲנִים לוֹבְשִׁין לְשַׁמֵּשׁ בְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ אֶלָּא צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים. צֶמֶר גְּמַלִּים וְצֶמֶר רְחֵלִים שֶׁטְּרָפָן זֶה בָזֶה, אִם רֹב מִן הַגְּמַלִּים, מֻתָּר, וְאִם רֹב מִן הָרְחֵלִים, אָסוּר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, אָסוּר. וְכֵן הַפִּשְׁתָּן וְהַקַּנְבּוֹס שֶׁטְּרָפָן זֶה בָזֶה: \n", | 9.1. "Nothing is forbidden on account of kilayim except [a mixture of] wool and linen. No [clothing material] is subject to uncleanness by scale disease except wool or linen. Priests do not wear any materials to serve in the Temple except for wool and linen. Camel’s wool with sheep’s wool, that have been mixed together: if the greater part is camel’s wool, it is permitted [to mix it with linen], but if the greater part is sheep’s wool, it is forbidden; if it is half and half, it is forbidden. The same applies to hemp and linen mixed together.", |
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23. Mishnah, Maasrot, 3.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 3.2. "הַמּוֹצִיא פּוֹעֲלָיו לַשָּׂדֶה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. וְאִם יֶשׁ לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין אַחַת אַחַת מִן הַתְּאֵנָה, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַסַּל וְלֹא מִן הַקֻּפָּה וְלֹא מִן הַמֻּקְצֶה: \n", | 3.2. "One who brought his workers into the field, when he is not obligated to provide for them, they may eat and be exempt from tithes. If, however, he is obligated to provide for them they may eat of the figs one at a time, but not from the basket, nor from the large basket, nor from the storage yard.", |
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24. Mishnah, Nazir, 1.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 1.5. "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מְלֹא הַבַּיִת אוֹ מְלֹא הַקֻּפָּה, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ, אִם אָמַר אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה נָזָרְתִּי, נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. וְאִם אָמַר סְתָם נָזָרְתִּי, רוֹאִין אֶת הַקֻּפָּה כְּאִלּוּ הִיא מְלֵאָה חַרְדָּל, וְנָזִיר כָּל יָמָיו: \n", | 1.5. "[If he says,] “Behold, I am a nazirite as the capacity of this house”, or “as the capacity of this basket,” we check him. If he says “I vowed one long period of naziriteship”, he becomes a nazirite for thirty days. But if he says “I vowed without specification”, we regard the basket as though it were full of mustard seed, and he becomes a nazirite for life.", |
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25. Mishnah, Menachot, 10.1, 10.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 10.1. "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, הָעֹמֶר הָיָה בָא בְשַׁבָּת מִשָּׁלשׁ סְאִין, וּבְחֹל מֵחָמֵשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד בְּשַׁבָּת וְאֶחָד בְּחֹל, מִשָּׁלשׁ הָיָה בָא. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגָן הַכֹּהֲנִים אוֹמֵר, בְּשַׁבָּת הָיָה נִקְצָר בְּיָחִיד וּבְמַגָּל אֶחָד וּבְקֻפָּה אַחַת. וּבְחֹל, בִּשְׁלשָׁה וּבְשָׁלשׁ קֻפּוֹת וּבְשָׁלשׁ מַגָּלוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד בְּשַׁבָּת וְאֶחָד בְּחֹל, בִּשְׁלשָׁה וּבְשָׁלשׁ קֻפּוֹת וּבְשָׁלשׁ מַגָּלוֹת: \n", 10.3. "כֵּיצַד הָיוּ עוֹשִׂים. שְׁלוּחֵי בֵית דִּין יוֹצְאִים מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב, וְעוֹשִׂים אוֹתוֹ כְרִיכוֹת בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נוֹחַ לִקְצֹר. וְכָל הָעֲיָרוֹת הַסְּמוּכוֹת לְשָׁם, מִתְכַּנְּסוֹת לְשָׁם, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נִקְצָר בְּעֵסֶק גָּדוֹל. כֵּיוָן שֶׁחֲשֵׁכָה, אוֹמֵר לָהֶם, בָּא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ, אוֹמְרִים, הֵן. בָּא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. מַגָּל זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. מַגָּל זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. קֻפָּה זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. קֻפָּה זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹמֵר לָהֶם, שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אוֹמְרִים הֵן. אֶקְצֹר, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ קְצֹר. אֶקְצֹר, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ קְצֹר. שָׁלשׁ פְּעָמִים עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ הֵן, הֵן, הֵן. וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה. מִפְּנֵי הַבַּיְתוֹסִים, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, אֵין קְצִירַת הָעֹמֶר בְּמוֹצָאֵי יוֹם טוֹב: \n", | 10.1. "Rabbi Ishmael says: On Shabbat the omer was taken out of three seahs [of barley] and on a weekday out of five. But the sages say: whether on Shabbat or on a weekday it was taken out of three seahs. Rabbi Hanina the vice-high priest says: on Shabbat it was reaped by one man with one sickle into one basket, and on a weekday it was reaped by three men into three baskets and with three sickles. But the sages say: whether on Shabbat or on a weekday it was reaped by three men into three baskets and with three sickles.", 10.3. "How would they do it [reap the omer]?The agents of the court used to go out on the day before the festival and tie the unreaped grain in bunches to make it the easier to reap. All the inhabitants of the towns near by assembled there, so that it might be reaped with a great demonstration. As soon as it became dark he says to them: “Has the sun set?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Has the sun set?” And they answer, “Yes.” “With this sickle?” And they answer, “Yes.” “With this sickle?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Into this basket?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Into this basket?” And they answer, “Yes.” On the Sabbath he says to them, “On this Sabbath?” And they answer, “Yes.” “On this Sabbath?” And they answer, “Yes.” “Shall I reap?” And they answer, “Reap.” “Shall I reap?” And they answer, “Reap.” He repeated every matter three times, and they answer, “yes, yes, yes.” And why all of this? Because of the Boethusians who held that the reaping of the omer was not to take place at the conclusion of the [first day of the] festival.", |
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26. Tosefta, Beitzah, 3.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 3.1. "אין [פותחין] לפסין סתומין ורשב\"ג מתיר אין מכבין את הבקעת לחוס עליה אם בשביל שלא יעשו הבית או בשביל שלא תקדיח [את] התבשיל מותר לא יתן אדם אבל על גבי בקעת כדי לשוברה אבל מכניסה בחור ושוברה אין עושין פחמין ביום טוב אפילו לאותו היום אבל ממתיקין את החרדל בגחלת אין מנפחים במפוח אבל נופחים [השפופרת] אין עושין את השפוד ואין מחדדין אותו אין פוצעין את הקנה לצלות בו מליח אבל פוצעין את האגוז במטפחת ואינו חושש [משום קריעה].", 3.1. "ביברין של חיה [ושל עופות] ושל דגים אין צדין מהם ביו\"ט ואין נותנין לפניהן מזונות אבל צדין מהן מעיו\"ט ונותנין לפניהם מזונות רשב\"ג אומר לא כל הביברין שוין זה הכלל מחוסר צידה אסור שאין מחוסר צידה מותר.", | |
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27. Tosefta, Eruvin, 6.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75, 77| 6.9. "כותל חצר שנפרץ מארבעה טפחים עד עשר אמות מותר מפני שהוא כפתח יתר מכאן כנגד הפרצה אסור נפרצו בו פרצות הרבה אם העומד מרובה על הפרוץ מותר [אם] הפרוץ מרובה על העומד כנגד עשרה בתים בטלה [מחיצה] שתי חצירות זו [לפנים מזו בין זו לזו ד' טפחים] מערבין שנים ואין מערבין אחד היתה אחת מהן גבוהה עשרה טפחים [ממעטה] באבנים בכפתים ובסולם הצורי או שהביא נסר שרוחב ארבעה טפחים וקבעו בה מערבין שנים ואם רצו מערבין אחד פחות מכן מערבין אחד ואין מערבין שנים היתה אחת מהן גבוהה עשרה טפחים עושין לה מחיצה גבוהה חמשה טפחים ומבטלה.", | |
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28. Tosefta, Peah, 4.8-4.10 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen •soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 76, 77, 78; Levine (2005) 397| 4.8. "אין פוחתין לעני העובר ממקום למקום מככר בפונדיון מארבע סאין בסלע לן נותנין לו פרנסת לינה שמן וקטנית שבת נותנין לו מזון שלש סעודות שמן וקיטנית דג וירק בד\"א בזמן שאין מכירין אותו אבל בזמן שמכירין אותו אף מכסין אותו היה מסבב על הפתחים אין נזקקין לו לכל דבר.", 4.9. "תמחוי כל היום קופה מערב שבת לערב שבת תמחוי לכל אדם קופה לאנשי אותה העיר אם שהה שם שלשים יום הרי הוא כאנשי העיר לקופה [ולכיסוי ששה חדשים לעניי] העיר שנים עשר חודש.", | |
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29. Tosefta, Shabbat, 10.1, 14.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 10.1. "החולב והמחבץ והמגבן כגרוגרת והמרבץ [והמרחיץ והסך] והרודה חלות דבש בשבת חייב חטאת [וביו\"ט] לוקה ארבעים דברי רבי אליעזר וחכמים אומרים בין בשבת בין ביו\"ט אינו [חייב] אלא משום שבות ר' שמעון בן אלעזר אומר [משום ר' אליעזר הכוחלת והגודלת] והפוקסת לעצמה פטורה לאחרות חייבת וכן היה ר\"ש בן אלעזר אומר משום ר' אליעזר [לא תקנח אשה פניה בבגד שיש בו סרק].", 10.1. "המוציא שני נימין מזנב הסוס ומזנב הפרה ה\"ז חייב מפני [שמתקינן לכשפים] המוציא שני [זפין מן הקש] שבחזיר ה\"ז חייב ר\"ש ב\"א אומר אפילו אחד יש חולקין חטרתו לשאר גופו.", 14.4. "הגליונים וספרי מינים אין מצילין אותן מפני הדליקה אלא נשרפין במקומן הן ואזכרותיהן ר' יוסי הגלילי אומר בחול קודר את אזכרותיהן וגונזן ושורף את השאר אמר רבי טרפון אקפח את בני שאם יבואו לידי [שאשרפם ואת האזכרות שבהן] שאפי' הרודף רודף [אחרי נכנסתי לבית ע\"ז ולא נכנסתי לבתיהן שעובדי ע\"ז] אין מכירין [אותו] וכופרין [בו] והללו מכירין וכופרין בו ועליהן אמר הכתוב (ישעיהו נ״ז:ח׳) ואחר הדלת והמזוזה שמת זכרונך [וגו'] אמר ר' ישמעאל מה אם להטיל שלום בין איש לאשתו [אמר המקום ספר] שנכתב בקדושה ימחה על המים [ספרי מינים] שמטילין איבה בין ישראל לאביהם שבשמים על אחת כמה וכמה שימחו הן ואזכרותיהן ועליהן אמר הכתוב (תהילים קל״ט:כ״א) הלא משנאיך ה' אשנא וגו' כשם שאין מצילין אותן מפני הדליקה כך אין מצילין אותן לא מן המפולת ולא מן המים ולא מכל דבר המאבד אותן.", | |
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| 30. Tosefta, Sotah, 14.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75 |
31. Tosefta, Sukkah, 4.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 339, 343, 376| 4.6. "[כיצד] ג' להבטיל את העם מן המלאכה חזן הכנסת נוטל חצוצרת ועולה לראש הגג גבוה שבעיר [נטל לקרות] הסמוכין לעיר בטלין הסמוכין לתחום מתכנסין ובאין לתוך התחום ולא היו נכנסין מיד אלא ממתינין עד שיבואו כולן ויתכנסו כולן בבת אחת [מאימתי הוא נכנס משימלא לו חבית ויצלה לו דגה וידליק לו את הנר].", | 4.6. "Why did they blow three blasts? To make the people cease from work. The sexton took the trumpets, and went to the top of the highest roof in the city to summon those near the city to cease from work. Those near the limits of the city assembled themselves together and came to the schoolhouse. They did not come immediately the trumpets blew, but waited till all were gathered together, and then all came at once. When did they assemble? After one could fill a bottle of water, or fry a fish, or light his lamp. ", |
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| 32. Tosefta, Toharot, 10.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75 |
33. Tosefta, Demai, 3.12, 3.16 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 3.12. "היה הוא נאמן ואשתו אין נאמנת לוקחין ממנו ואין מתארחין אצלו ואע\"פ שאמרו הרי הוא כשרוי עם הנחש בכפיפה אשתו נאמנת והוא אינו נאמן מתארחין אצלו ואין לוקחין הימנו הוא נאמן ואחד מבניו נאמן ואחת משפחתו נאמנת לוקחין ואוכלין על פיהן ועושין לו ואוכל בשביעית ובטהרות אינן רשאין לעשות כן.", 3.16. "לא התירו למכור דמאי אלא לסיטון בלבד בעל הבית בין כך ובין כך צריך לעשר דברי רבי מאיר וחכ\"א אחד סיטון ואחד בעה\"ב מותר למכור ולשלוח לחבירו וליתן לו במתנה.", | |
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34. New Testament, Matthew, 5.42 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 77| 5.42. τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε δός, καὶ τὸν θέλοντα ἀπὸ σοῦ δανίσασθαι μὴ ἀποστραφῇς. | 5.42. Give to him who asks you, and don't turn away him who desires to borrow from you. |
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35. Mishnah, Shekalim, 3.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 3.3. "שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל (הָיָה) נִכְנָס וְשִׁקְלוֹ בֵּין אֶצְבְּעוֹתָיו, וְזוֹרְקוֹ לִפְנֵי הַתּוֹרֵם, וְהַתּוֹרֵם מִתְכַּוֵּן וְדוֹחֲקוֹ לַקֻּפָּה. אֵין הַתּוֹרֵם תּוֹרֵם עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהֶם, אֶתְרֹם. וְהֵן אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, תְּרֹם, תְּרֹם, תְּרֹם, שָׁלשׁ פְּעָמִים: \n", | 3.3. "[The members] of Rabban Gamaliel’s household used to enter [the chamber] with their shekel between their fingers, and throw it in front of him who made the appropriation, while he who made the appropriation purposely pressed it into the basket. He who made the appropriation did not make it until he first said to them: “Should I make the appropriation?” And they say to him three times: “Make the appropriation! Make the appropriation! Make the appropriation!”", |
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36. Mishnah, Terumot, 1.7 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 1.7. "אֵין תּוֹרְמִין, לֹא בְמִדָּה, וְלֹא בְמִשְׁקָל, וְלֹא בְמִנְיָן. אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא אֶת הַמָּדוּד וְאֶת הַשָּׁקוּל וְאֶת הַמָּנוּי. אֵין תּוֹרְמִין בְּסַל וּבְקֻפָּה שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל מִדָּה, אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא בָהֶן חֶצְיָן וּשְׁלִישָׁן. לֹא יִתְרֹם בִּסְאָה חֶצְיָהּ, שֶׁחֶצְיָהּ מִדָּה: \n", | 1.7. "They may not give terumah according to measure, or weight, or number, but one may give it from that which has already been measured, weighed or counted. They may not give terumah in a basket or a hamper of a measured capacity, but one may give in it when it is a half or a third filled. He may not give a half of seah in a seah measuring vessel, for this half constitutes a known measure.", |
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37. Mishnah, Yoma, 7.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 344| 7.1. "בָּא לוֹ כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל לִקְרוֹת. אִם רָצָה לִקְרוֹת בְּבִגְדֵי בוּץ, קוֹרֵא. וְאִם לֹא, קוֹרֵא בְאִצְטְלִית לָבָן מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. חַזַּן הַכְּנֶסֶת נוֹטֵל סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה וְנוֹתְנוֹ לְרֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת, וְרֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת נוֹתְנוֹ לַסְּגָן, וְהַסְּגָן נוֹתְנוֹ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, וְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל עוֹמֵד וּמְקַבֵּל וְקוֹרֵא עוֹמֵד, וְקוֹרֵא אַחֲרֵי מוֹת וְאַךְ בֶּעָשׂוֹר. וְגוֹלֵל סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה וּמַנִּיחוֹ בְחֵיקוֹ, וְאוֹמֵר, יוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁקָּרָאתִי לִפְנֵיכֶם כָּתוּב כָּאן, וּבֶעָשׂוֹר שֶׁבְּחֻמַּשׁ הַפְּקוּדִים קוֹרֵא עַל פֶּה, וּמְבָרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ שְׁמֹנֶה בְרָכוֹת, עַל הַתּוֹרָה, וְעַל הָעֲבוֹדָה, וְעַל הַהוֹדָאָה, וְעַל מְחִילַת הֶעָוֹן, וְעַל הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְעַל יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְעַל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ וְעַל הַכֹּהֲנִים בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְעַל שְׁאָר הַתְּפִלָּה: \n", | 7.1. "The high priest [then] came to read. If he wished to read in linen garments, he reads, and if not he reads in his own white cloak. The synagogue attendant would take a Torah scroll and give it to the head of the synagogue, and the head of the synagogue gives it to deputy high priest, and the deputy high priest gives it to the high priest, and the high priest stands and receives it, and reads, [section] beginning] “After the death …” (Leviticus 16:1-34) and “But on the tenth…” (Leviticus 23:26-32). Then he would roll up the Torah scroll and put it in his bosom and say, “More than what I have read out before you is written here.” And “On the tenth …” (Numbers 29:7-11) which is in the Book of Numbers he recites by heart. And he recites on it eight benedictions: “For the law”, “For the Temple service,” “For thanksgiving,” “For the forgiveness of sins” and “For the Temple” on its own, and “For Israel” on its own and “For Jerusalem” on its own, “For the priests” on their own and “For the rest of the prayer.”", |
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38. Mishnah, Sukkah, 2.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 77| 2.6. "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה סְעוּדוֹת חַיָּב אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל בַּסֻּכָּה, אַחַת בַּיּוֹם וְאַחַת בַּלָּיְלָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין לַדָּבָר קִצְבָה, חוּץ מִלֵּילֵי יוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג בִּלְבָד. וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מִי שֶׁלֹּא אָכַל לֵילֵי יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן, יַשְׁלִים בְּלֵילֵי יוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין לַדָּבָר תַּשְׁלוּמִין, עַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר (קהלת א) מְעֻוָּת לֹא יוּכַל לִתְקֹן, וְחֶסְרוֹן לֹא יוּכַל לְהִמָּנוֹת: \n", | 2.6. "Rabbi Eliezer says: a man is obligated to eat fourteen meals in the sukkah, one on each day and one on each night. But the sages say: there is no fixed number, except on the first night of the festival alone. Furthermore Rabbi Eliezer said: if one did not eat in the sukkah on the first night of the festival, he may make up for it on the last night of the festival. But the sages say: there is no compensation for this, and of this was it said: “That which is crooked cannot be made straight, and that which is lacking cannot be counted” (Ecclesiastes 1:15).", |
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39. Mishnah, Sotah, 7.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 344, 376| 7.8. "פָּרָשַׁת הַמֶּלֶךְ כֵּיצַד. מוֹצָאֵי יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג, בַּשְּׁמִינִי בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, עוֹשִׂין לוֹ בִימָה שֶׁל עֵץ בָּעֲזָרָה, וְהוּא יוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לא) מִקֵּץ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים בְּמֹעֵד וְגוֹ'. חַזַּן הַכְּנֶסֶת נוֹטֵל סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה וְנוֹתְנָהּ לְרֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת, וְרֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת נוֹתְנָהּ לַסְּגָן, וְהַסְּגָן נוֹתְנָהּ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, וְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל נוֹתְנָהּ לַמֶּלֶךְ, וְהַמֶּלֶךְ עוֹמֵד וּמְקַבֵּל וְקוֹרֵא יוֹשֵׁב. אַגְרִיפָּס הַמֶּלֶךְ עָמַד וְקִבֵּל וְקָרָא עוֹמֵד, וְשִׁבְּחוּהוּ חֲכָמִים. וּכְשֶׁהִגִּיעַ (שם יז) לְלֹא תוּכַל לָתֵת עָלֶיךָ אִישׁ נָכְרִי, זָלְגוּ עֵינָיו דְּמָעוֹת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַל תִּתְיָרֵא אַגְרִיפָּס, אָחִינוּ אָתָּה, אָחִינוּ אָתָּה, אָחִינוּ אָתָּה. וְקוֹרֵא מִתְּחִלַּת אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים (דברים א׳:א׳) עַד שְׁמַע, וּשְׁמַע (שם ו), וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ (שם יא), עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר (שם יד), כִּי תְכַלֶּה לַעְשֵׂר (שם כו), וּפָרָשַׁת הַמֶּלֶךְ (שם יז), וּבְרָכוֹת וּקְלָלוֹת (שם כח), עַד שֶׁגּוֹמֵר כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה. בְּרָכוֹת שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מְבָרֵךְ אוֹתָן, הַמֶּלֶךְ מְבָרֵךְ אוֹתָן, אֶלָּא שֶׁנּוֹתֵן שֶׁל רְגָלִים תַּחַת מְחִילַת הֶעָוֹן: \n", | 7.8. "How was the procedure in connection with the portion read by the king?At the conclusion of the first day of the festival (Sukkot) in the eighth [year], at the end of the seventh year, they erect a wooden platform in the Temple court, and he sits upon it, as it is said, “At the end of seven years, in the set time” etc (Deuteronomy 31:10). The synagogue attendant takes a Torah scroll and hands it to the head of the synagogue, the head of the synagogue hands it to the deputy and he hands it to the high priest, and the high priest hands it to the king and the king stands and receives it, but reads it while sitting. King Agrippa stood and received it and read standing, and the sages praised him. When he reached, “You shall not place a foreigner over you” (ibid 17:15) his eyes ran with tears. They said to him, “Fear not, Agrippas, you are our brother, you are our brother!” [The king] reads from the beginning of “These are the words” (ibid 1:1) until the Shema ((ibid 6:4-9), and the Shema, and “It will come to pass if you hear” (ibid 11:13-21 the second part of the Shema), and “You shall surely tithe” (ibid 14:22-29), and “When you have finished tithing” (ibid 26:12-15) and the portion of the king (ibid 17:14-20) and the blessings and curses (ibid, until he finishes all the section. The blessings that the high priest recites, the king recites, except that he substitutes one for the festivals instead of one for the pardon of sin.", |
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40. Tosefta, Megillah, 3.21 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 339| 3.21. "כתב הנכתב ליחיד מכנין אותה לרבים לרבים אין מכנין אותה ליחיד רבי יהודה אומר המתרגם פסוק כצורתו הרי זה בדאי והמוסיף הרי זה מגדף. תורגמן העומד לפני חכם אינו רשאי לא לפחות ולא להוסיף ולא לשנות אלא אם כן יהיה אביו או רבו. ", | |
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41. Mishnah, Toharot, 9.1, 9.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 9.1. "זֵיתִים מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. מִשֶּׁיַּזִּיעוּ זֵעַת הַמַּעֲטָן, אֲבָל לֹא זֵעַת הַקֻּפָּה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שִׁעוּר זֵעָה שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּתְחַבְּרוּ שְׁלשָׁה זֶה לָזֶה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים כִּדְבָרָיו: \n", 9.4. "הַגּוֹמֵר אֶת זֵיתָיו וְשִׁיֵּר קֻפָּה אַחַת, יִתְּנֶנָּה לְעָנִי הַכֹּהֵן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ מִיָּד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵת לְעֵת: \n", | 9.1. "At what stage do olives become susceptible to uncleanness?When they exude the moisture [produced] by [their lying in] the vat but not the one [produced while they are still] in the basket, according to the words of Bet Shammai. Rabbi Shimon says: the minimum time prescribed for proper exudation is three days. Bet Hillel says: as soon as three olives stick together. Rabban Gamaliel says: as soon as their preparation is finished, and the sages agree with his view.", 9.4. "One who had finished [the gathering of his olives] and put aside one basketful, let him put it [in the container] in front of a priest, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: he must hand him over the key immediately. Rabbi Shimon says: within twenty-four hours.", |
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42. Mishnah, Miqvaot, 6.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75| 6.5. "הַשִּׁדָּה וְהַתֵּבָה שֶׁבַּיָּם, אֵין מַטְבִּילִין בָּהֶם, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיוּ נְקוּבִין כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּכְלִי גָדוֹל, אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. וּבְקָטָן, רֻבּוֹ. אִם הָיָה שַׂק אוֹ קֻפָּה, מַטְבִּילִין בָּהֶם כְּמָה שֶׁהֵם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַמַּיִם מְעֹרָבִין. הָיוּ נְתוּנִים תַּחַת הַצִּנּוֹר, אֵינָם פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, אֶלָּא מַטְבִּילִין אוֹתָן וּמַעֲלִין אוֹתָן כְּדַרְכָּן: \n", | 6.5. "A chest or a box which is in the sea: one may not immerse in them unless they have a hole as large as the tube of a water-skin. Rabbi Judah says: in the case of a large vessel [the hole should be] four handbreadths, and in a small one [the hole should be as large as] the greater part of it. If there was a sack or a basket [in the sea], one may immerse in them as they are, since the water is mixed together. If they are placed under a water-spout, they do not make the mikveh invalid. And they may be immersed and brought up in the ordinary way.", |
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| 43. Palestinian Talmud, Berachot, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan |
| 44. Anon., Sifra, None (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75 |
| 45. Anon., Sifre Deuteronomy, 232 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75 |
| 46. Palestinian Talmud, Megillah, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan |
| 47. Anon., Sifre Numbers, 6 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •tamhui, as soup kitchen Found in books: Gardner (2015) 75 |
48. Babylonian Talmud, Sukkah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 345| 51b. באבוקות של אור שבידיהן ואומרים לפניהם דברי שירות ותושבחות והלוים בכנורות ובנבלים ובמצלתים ובחצוצרות ובכלי שיר בלא מספר על חמש עשרה מעלות היורדות מעזרת ישראל לעזרת נשים כנגד חמש עשרה (מעלות) שבתהלים שעליהן לוים עומדין בכלי שיר ואומרים שירה,ועמדו שני כהנים בשער העליון שיורד מעזרת ישראל לעזרת נשים ושני חצוצרות בידיהן קרא הגבר תקעו והריעו ותקעו הגיעו למעלה עשירית תקעו והריעו ותקעו הגיעו לעזרה תקעו והריעו ותקעו,(הגיעו לקרקע תקעו והריעו ותקעו) היו תוקעין והולכין עד שמגיעין לשער היוצא ממזרח הגיעו לשער היוצא ממזרח הפכו פניהן ממזרח למערב ואמרו אבותינו שהיו במקום הזה אחוריהם אל ההיכל ופניהם קדמה ומשתחוים קדמה לשמש ואנו ליה עינינו ר' יהודה אומר היו שונין ואומרין אנו ליה וליה עינינו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big ת"ר מי שלא ראה שמחת בית השואבה לא ראה שמחה מימיו מי שלא ראה ירושלים בתפארתה לא ראה כרך נחמד מעולם מי שלא ראה בהמ"ק בבנינו לא ראה בנין מפואר מעולם מאי היא אמר אביי ואיתימא רב חסדא זה בנין הורדוס,במאי בניה אמר (רבא) באבני שישא ומרמרא איכא דאמרי באבני שישא כוחלא ומרמרא אפיק שפה ועייל שפה כי היכי דלקבל סידא סבר למשעיין בדהבא אמרו ליה רבנן שבקיה דהכי שפיר טפי דמיתחזי כאדותא דימא,תניא רבי יהודה אומר מי שלא ראה דיופלוסטון של אלכסנדריא של מצרים לא ראה בכבודן של ישראל אמרו כמין בסילקי גדולה היתה סטיו לפנים מסטיו פעמים שהיו בה (ששים רבוא על ששים רבוא) כפלים כיוצאי מצרים והיו בה ע"א קתדראות של זהב כנגד ע"א של סנהדרי גדולה כל אחת ואחת אינה פחותה מעשרים ואחד רבוא ככרי זהב ובימה של עץ באמצעיתה וחזן הכנסת עומד עליה והסודרין בידו וכיון שהגיע לענות אמן הלה מניף בסודר וכל העם עונין אמן,ולא היו יושבין מעורבין אלא זהבין בפני עצמן וכספין בפני עצמן ונפחין בפני עצמן וטרסיים בפני עצמן וגרדיים בפני עצמן וכשעני נכנס שם היה מכיר בעלי אומנתו ונפנה לשם ומשם פרנסתו ופרנסת אנשי ביתו,אמר אביי וכולהו קטלינהו אלכסנדרוס מוקדן מ"ט איענשו משום דעברי אהאי קרא (דברים יז, טז) לא תוסיפון לשוב בדרך הזה עוד ואינהו הדור אתו,כי אתא אשכחינהו דהוו קרו בסיפרא (דברים כח, מט) ישא ה' עליך גוי מרחוק אמר מכדי ההוא גברא בעי למיתי ספינתא בעשרה יומי דליה זיקא ואתי ספינתא בחמשא יומי נפל עלייהו וקטלינהו:,במוצאי יום טוב כו': מאי תיקון גדול אמר רבי אלעזר כאותה ששנינו חלקה היתה בראשונה והקיפוה גזוזטרא והתקינו שיהו נשים יושבות מלמעלה ואנשים מלמטה,תנו רבנן בראשונה היו נשים מבפנים ואנשים מבחוץ והיו באים לידי קלות ראש התקינו שיהו נשים יושבות מבחוץ ואנשים מבפנים ועדיין היו באין לידי קלות ראש התקינו שיהו נשים יושבות מלמעלה ואנשים מלמטה,היכי עביד הכי והכתיב (דברי הימים א כח, יט) הכל בכתב מיד ה' עלי השכיל,אמר רב קרא אשכחו ודרוש | 51b. b with flaming torches /b that they would juggle b in their hands, and they would say before them passages of song and praise /b to God. b And the Levites /b would play b on lyres, harps, cymbals, and trumpets, and countless /b other b musical instruments. /b The musicians would stand b on the fifteen stairs that descend from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, corresponding to the fifteen /b Songs of the b Ascents in Psalms, /b i.e., chapters 120–134, and b upon which /b the b Levites stand with musical instruments and recite /b their b song. /b , b And /b this was the ceremony of the Water Libation: b Two priests stood at the Upper Gate that descends from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, with two trumpets in their hands. /b When b the rooster crowed /b at dawn, b they sounded a i tekia /i , and sounded a i terua /i , and sounded a i tekia /i . /b When b they /b who would draw the water b reached the tenth stair /b the trumpeters b sounded a i tekia /i , and sounded a i terua /i , and sounded a i tekia /i , /b to indicate that the time to draw water from the Siloam pool had arrived. When b they reached the /b Women’s b Courtyard /b with the basins of water in their hands, the trumpeters b sounded a i tekia /i , and sounded a i terua /i , and sounded a i tekia /i . /b ,When b they reached the ground /b of the Women’s Courtyard, the trumpeters b sounded a i tekia /i , and sounded a i terua /i , and sounded a i tekia /i . They continued sounding /b the trumpets b until they reached the gate /b through b which /b one b exits to the east, /b from the Women’s Courtyard to the eastern slope of the Temple Mount. When b they reached the gate /b through b which /b one b exits to the east, they turned from /b facing b east to /b facing b west, /b toward the Holy of Holies, b and said: Our ancestors who were in this place /b during the First Temple period who did not conduct themselves appropriately, stood b “with their backs toward the Sanctuary of the Lord, and their faces toward the east; and they worshipped the sun toward the east” /b (Ezekiel 8:16), b and we, our eyes are to God. Rabbi Yehuda says /b that b they would repeat and say: We are to God, and our eyes are to God. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong b The Sages taught: One who did not see the Celebration of the Place of the Drawing /b of the Water, b never saw celebration in his life. One who did not see Jerusalem in its glory, never saw a beautiful city. One who did not see the Temple in its constructed /b state, b never saw a magnificent structure. /b The Gemara asks: b What is /b the Temple building to which the Sages refer? b Abaye said, and some say /b that it was b Rav Ḥisda /b who said: b This /b is referring to the magnificent b building of Herod, /b who renovated the Second Temple.,The Gemara asks: b With what /b materials b did he construct it? Rava said: /b It was b with stones of /b green-gray b marble and white marble [ i marmara /i ]. Some say: /b It was b with stones of blue marble and white marble. /b The rows of stones were set with b one row /b slightly b protruded and one row /b slightly b indented, so that the plaster would take /b better. b He thought to plate /b the Temple b with gold, /b but b the Sages said to him: Leave it /b as is, and do not plate it, b as it is better this way, as /b with the different colors and the staggered arrangement of the rows of stones, b it has the appearance of waves of the sea. /b , b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yehuda says: One who did not see the great synagogue [ i deyofloston /i ] of Alexandria of Egypt never saw the glory of Israel. They said /b that its structure b was like a large basilica [ i basileki /i ], /b with b a colonnade within a colonnade. At times there were six hundred thousand /b men b and /b another b six hundred thousand /b men b in it, twice the number of those who left Egypt. In it there were seventy-one golden chairs [ i katedraot /i ], corresponding to the seventy-one /b members b of the Great Sanhedrin, each of which /b consisted of b no less than twenty-one thousand talents of gold. And /b there was b a wooden platform at the center. The sexton of the synagogue /b would b stand on it, with the scarves in his hand. And /b because the synagogue was so large and the people could not hear the communal prayer, b when /b the prayer leader b reached /b the conclusion of a blessing requiring the people b to answer amen, /b the sexton b waved the scarf and all the people /b would b answer amen. /b , b And /b the members of the various crafts b would not sit mingled. Rather, the goldsmiths /b would sit b among themselves, and the silversmiths among themselves, and the blacksmiths among themselves, and the coppersmiths among themselves, and the weavers among themselves. And when a poor /b stranger b entered there, he would recognize people /b who plied b his craft, and he would turn to /b join them b there. And from there /b he would secure b his livelihood /b as well as b the livelihood /b of the b members of his household, /b as his colleagues would find him work in that craft.,After depicting the glory of the synagogue, the Gemara relates that b Abaye said: All of /b the people who congregated in that synagogue b were killed by Alexander /b the Great b of Macedonia. /b The Gemara asks: b What is the reason /b that b they were punished /b and killed? It is b due to /b the fact b that they violated /b the prohibition with regard to Egypt in b this verse: “You shall henceforth return no more that way” /b (Deuteronomy 17:16), b and they returned. /b Since they established their permanent place of residence in Egypt, they were punished., b When /b Alexander b arrived, he found them, /b and saw b that they were reading /b the verse b in the /b Torah b scroll: “The Lord will bring a nation against you from far, /b from the end of the earth, as the vulture swoops down; a nation whose tongue you shall not understand” (Deuteronomy 28:49). b He said, /b referring to himself: b Now, since that man sought to come by ship in ten days, /b and b a wind carried it and the ship arrived in /b only b five days, /b apparently the verse referring a vulture swooping down is referring to me and heavenly forces are assisting me. Immediately, b he set upon them and slaughtered them. /b ,§ The mishna continues: b At the conclusion of /b the first b Festival /b day, etc., the priests and the Levites descended from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, where they would introduce a significant repair. The Gemara asks: b What /b is this b significant repair? Rabbi Elazar said /b that b it is like that which we learned: /b The walls of the Women’s Courtyard b were smooth, /b without protrusions, b initially. /b Subsequently, they affixed protrusions to the wall surrounding the Women’s Courtyard. Each year thereafter, for the Celebration of the Place of the Drawing of the Water, they placed wooden planks on these projections and b surrounded /b the courtyard b with a balcony [ i gezuztra /i ]. And they instituted that /b the b women should sit above and /b the b men below. /b , b The Sages taught /b in the i Tosefta /i : b Initially, women would /b stand b on the inside /b of the Women’s Courtyard, closer to the Sanctuary to the west, b and the men /b were b on the outside /b in the courtyard and on the rampart. b And they would come to /b conduct themselves with inappropriate b levity /b in each other’s company, as the men needed to enter closer to the altar when the offerings were being sacrificed and as a result they would mingle with the women. Therefore, the Sages b instituted that the women should sit on the outside and the men on the inside, and still they would come to /b conduct themselves with inappropriate b levity. /b Therefore, b they instituted /b in the interest of complete separation b that the women would sit above and the men below. /b ,The Gemara asks: b How could one do so, /b i.e., alter the structure of the Temple? b But isn’t it written /b with regard to the Temple: b “All this /b I give you b in writing, /b as b the Lord has made me wise by His hand upon me, /b even all the works of this pattern” (I Chronicles 28:19), meaning that all the structural plans of the Temple were divinely inspired; how could the Sages institute changes?, b Rav said: They found a verse, and interpreted it homiletically /b and acted accordingly: |
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49. Babylonian Talmud, Moed Qatan, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 338| 22b. ממעט על אביו ועל אמו ממעט,על כל המתים כולן רצה חולץ רצה אינו חולץ על אביו ועל אמו חולץ,ומעשה בגדול הדור אחד שמת אביו וביקש לחלוץ וביקש גדול הדור אחר שעמו לחלוץ ונמנע ולא חלץ,אמר אביי גדול הדור רבי גדול הדור שעמו ר' יעקב בר אחא ואיכא דאמרי גדול הדור ר' יעקב בר אחא גדול הדור שעמו רבי,בשלמא למ"ד גדול הדור שעמו רבי היינו דנמנע ולא חלץ,אלא למ"ד רבי יעקב בר אחא אמאי נמנע ולא חלץ רשב"ג נשיא הוה וכולי עלמא מיחייבי למיחלץ קשיא,על כל המתים כולן מסתפר לאחר ל' יום על אביו ועל אמו עד שיגערו בו חבריו על כל המתים כולן נכנס לבית השמחה לאחר ל' יום על אביו ועל אמו לאחר י"ב חדש,אמר רבה בר בר חנה ולשמחת מריעות מיתיבי ולשמחה ולמריעות ל' יום קשיא,אמימר מתני הכי אמר רבה בר בר חנה ולשמחת מריעות מותר ליכנס לאלתר והא תניא לשמחה שלשים ולמריעות שלשים,ל"ק הא באריסותא הא בפורענותא,על כל המתים כולן קורע טפח על אביו ועל אמו עד שיגלה את לבו א"ר אבהו מאי קרא (שמואל ב א, יא) ויחזק דוד בבגדיו ויקרעם ואין אחיזה פחות מטפח,על כל המתים כולן אפילו לבוש עשרה חלוקין אינו קורע אלא עליון על אביו ועל אמו קורע את כולן ואפיקרסותו אינה מעכבת,אחד האיש ואחד אשה ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר האשה קורעת את התחתון ומחזירתו לאחוריה וחוזרת וקורעת את העליון,על כל המתים כולן רצה מבדיל קמי שפה שלו רצה אינו מבדיל על אביו ועל אמו מבדיל,רבי יהודה אומר כל קריעה שאינו מבדיל קמי שפה שלו אינו אלא קרע של תיפלות אמר רבי אבהו מ"ט דר' יהודה דכתיב (מלכים ב ב, יב) ויחזק בבגדיו ויקרעם לשנים קרעים ממשמע שנאמר ויקרעם איני יודע שהן לשנים אלא שנראין קרועים כשנים,על כל המתים כולן שולל לאחר שבעה ומאחה לאחר שלשים על אביו ועל אמו שולל לאחר ל' ואינו מאחה לעולם והאשה שוללתו לאלתר מפני כבודה,כי אתא רבין א"ר יוחנן על כל המתים רצה קורע ביד רצה קורע בכלי על אביו ועל אמו ביד,וא"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן על כל המתים כולן מבפנים על אביו ועל אמו קורע מבחוץ אמר רב חסדא וכן לנשיא,מיתיבי לא הושוו לאביו ולאמו אלא לאיחוי בלבד,מאי לאו אפילו לנשיא לא לבר מנשיא,נשיאה שכיב א"ל רב חסדא (לרב חנן בר רבא) כפי אסיתא וקום עלה ואחוי קריעה לעלמא,על חכם חולץ מימין על אב ב"ד משמאל על נשיא מכאן ומכאן,ת"ר חכם שמת בית מדרשו בטל אב ב"ד שמת כל בתי מדרשות שבעירו בטילין ונכנסין לביהכ"נ ומשנין את מקומן היושבין בצפון יושבין בדרום היושבין בדרום יושבין בצפון נשיא שמת בתי מדרשות כולן בטילין ובני הכנסת נכנסין לבית הכנסת | 22b. b reduce /b it. b In /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he must always b reduce /b his business., b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, if the mourner b wishes, he may remove /b his garment from one of his shoulders, and if b he wishes /b not to remove it, b he need not remove /b it. However, b in /b the case of b his father or mother, he /b must always b remove /b his garment from one of his shoulders.,There was b an incident when the father of a leading authority of /b his b generation died, and /b the authority b wished to remove /b his garment from one shoulder. b Another leading authority of the generation /b also b wished to remove /b his own garment together b with him, /b in order to join him in his mourning, b but /b due to this the first person b refrained and did not remove /b his garment, so that his colleague would not remove his garment as well., b Abaye said: The leading authority of the generation /b mentioned here is b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, and b the leading authority of the generation /b who was b with him /b was b Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa. And some say: The leading authority of the generation /b was b Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa, /b and b the leading authority of the generation /b who was b with him /b was b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi.,The Gemara examines this issue: b Granted, according to the one who said /b that b the leading authority of the generation /b who was b with him was Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, b this is /b the reason that b he refrained and did not remove /b his garment from his shoulder. That is to say, Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa refrained from doing so because he did not wish to cause the i Nasi /i to remove his own garment., b But according to the one who said /b that it is b Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa /b who was the leader of the generation with him, b why did /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi b refrain and not remove /b his garment from his shoulder? b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, /b the father of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, was also b the i Nasi /i , and everyone is required to remove /b his garment from his shoulder for him, as was the accepted practice. Therefore, Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa would also have been required to bare his shoulder. Why, then, did Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi prevent him from doing so? The Gemara concludes: Indeed b this /b is b difficult. /b ,§ The Gemara returns to the continuation of the i baraita /i : b With regard to all deceased /b relatives except for parents, b one may cut his hair after thirty days. In /b the case of b one’s father or mother, /b one may not cut his hair b until his colleagues have rebuked him /b for his hair being too long. b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b he may enter a place /b where b a joyous /b celebration is taking place b after thirty days; in /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he may enter such a place only b after twelve months. /b , b Rabba bar bar Ḥana said: /b The ruling that a mourner may enter a house of joy after thirty days applies specifically b to a joyous social gathering, /b that is to say, to the joyous meals that a group of friends would eat together, each taking a turn hosting. But this ruling does not apply to a large joyous occasion, such as a wedding feast. The Gemara b raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i which adds: b And /b also b for joyous social gatherings, thirty days. /b This implies that when the i baraita /i speaks of joyous celebrations without further specification, it is not referring to joyous social gatherings, but even to weddings and other joyous occasions. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, b it /b is b difficult. /b , b Ameimar taught /b the previous discussion b as follows: Rabba bar bar Ḥana said /b an alternative version of the discussion: b For a joyous social gathering one is permitted to enter immediately. /b The Gemara poses a question: b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b For joyous celebrations and for joyous social gatherings, /b one must wait b thirty /b days?,The Gemara answers: b This is not difficult. This /b ruling, of the i baraita /i , is referring b to an initial /b gathering, when the mourner is the first in the group of friends to host. The i baraita /i teaches that in such a situation the mourner is required to wait thirty days before doing so. b That /b ruling, of Rabba bar bar Ḥana, is referring b to a reciprocal /b gathering. The mourner’s friends have already hosted these gatherings, and now it is his turn to host. Since he is required to host such a gathering for his colleagues, he need not postpone it. Rather, he may host the group immediately.,The i baraita /i continues: b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b one rends /b his garment the length b of a handbreadth, /b and that suffices. b In /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he must rend his garment b until he reveals his heart. Rabbi Abbahu said: What is the verse /b that teaches that the rent must be a handbreadth? b “And David took hold of his clothes and rent them” /b (II Samuel 1:11), b and taking hold cannot /b be done for a garment b less than a handbreadth. /b ,The i baraita /i teaches further: b With regard to all /b other deceased relatives, b even if he is wearing ten garments, /b one on top of the other, b he rends only /b his b outer /b garment. But b in /b the case of b his father or mother, he must rend them all. /b Failure to rend b his undergarment, /b however, b does not invalidate /b the fulfillment of the mitzva., b Both a man and a woman /b are required to rend their garments. b Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: A woman /b first b rends /b her b inner /b garment b and turns /b it b around, /b so that the tear is b on her back. And /b only b afterward /b does b she rend /b her b outer /b garment, so that she does not expose her chest., b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, if b one wishes he may rip apart /b his garment b on the hem, /b rather than merely expanding the neck hole, so that the tear stands out distinctly from the opening of the garment. If he b wishes /b not to do this, b he does not rip apart /b the hem in this manner. That is to say, one may simply enlarge the neck hole, although rending a garment in this way makes the tear less prominent. b In /b the case of b one’s father or mother, /b however, b he must /b always b rip apart /b the hem., b Rabbi Yehuda says: Any rending that does not rip apart /b his garment b on the hem /b of the garment b is nothing other than a frivolous rent /b of no significance, as it must be evident that one has rent his garment in mourning and that the rent is not merely an imperfection in the garment. b Rabbi Abbahu said: What is the reason /b for b Rabbi Yehuda’s /b opinion? b As it is written: “And he took hold of his own clothes and he rent them in two pieces” /b (II Kings 2:12). b From that which is stated: “And he rent,” do I not know that /b he rent them b in two? Rather, /b these words teach b that /b the rent clothes must b appear as if they were torn into two /b pieces, i.e., the tear must be obvious and visible.,The i baraita /i continues: b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b one may tack /b the tear with rough stitches b after seven days, and one may join /b the edges more carefully b after thirty /b days. But b in /b the case of b one’s father or mother, he may tack /b the tear only b after thirty days, and he may never /b again b join /b the edges more carefully. b A woman, /b however, b may tack /b the tear b immediately, due to her honor, /b for it would be dishonorable for her to be seen with torn garments., b When Ravin came /b from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, b he said that Rabbi Yoḥa said: With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b if one wishes, he may rend /b his garment b with /b his b hand; /b and if b he wishes, he may rend /b it b with a utensil /b in a way that will preserve it. But b in /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he must rend his garment b with his hand /b in a manner that will utterly ruin it., b And Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥa said: With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, one rends his garment b on the inside, /b meaning, he rends his inner garment and not necessarily his outermost garment. b In /b the case of b one’s father or mother, /b however, b he must rend /b the garment b on the outside, /b i.e., the outermost garment. b Rav Ḥisda said: And likewise, over a i Nasi /i , /b one is required to rend his garment as he does over his father.,The Gemara b raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i in which it was taught: The i halakhot /i of rending for the death of other people referred to in the i baraita /i , e.g., a i Nasi /i , a president of the court, or one’s teacher, b were likened to /b the i halakhot /i of rending for b one’s father or mother only with regard to /b the issue of carefully b rejoining /b the edges of the rent, as in all of these cases it is prohibited to mend one’s garment with precise stitches., b What, is /b this i baraita /i b not /b also referring b even /b to one who rends his garment b for the i Nasi /i ? /b The Gemara rejects this: b No, /b the i baraita /i is referring to the other people, b aside /b from one who rends his garment for the i Nasi /i , as rending for the i Nasi /i is the same as rending for one’s father with regard to all aspects of the rending.,It was related that the b i Nasi /i died, /b and b Rav Ḥisda said to Rav Ḥa bar Rava: Turn the mortar over and stand on it, and show /b the b rent to everyone. /b Everyone will then rend his garment in this manner, as everyone is required to rend his garment over the death of the i Nasi /i .,§ It was further taught: b For /b mourning b a Sage, one removes /b his garment b from the right /b shoulder. b For /b the b president of the court /b he removes his garment b from the left /b shoulder. b For /b the b i Nasi /i /b he removes his garment b from here and from here, /b from both shoulders., b The Sages taught /b the following i baraita /i : When b a Sage dies, his study hall ceases /b its regular study as a sign of mourning over him. When b the president of the court dies, all of the study halls in his city cease /b their regular study, and everyone b enters the synagogue and changes their places /b there as a sign of mourning over him. b Those who /b ordinarily b sit in the north /b should b sit in the south, and those who /b ordinarily b sit in the south /b should b sit in the north. /b When b a i Nasi /i dies, all study halls cease /b their regular study. On Shabbat, b the members of the synagogue enter the synagogue /b for public Torah reading, which requires a congregation of ten, |
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50. Babylonian Talmud, Megillah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 343| 26b. למישתא ביה שיכרא שפיר דמי,רבינא הוה ליה ההוא תילא דבי כנישתא אתא לקמיה דרב אשי אמר ליה מהו למיזרעה אמר ליה זיל זבניה משבעה טובי העיר במעמד אנשי העיר וזרעה,רמי בר אבא הוה קא בני בי כנישתא הוה ההיא כנישתא עתיקא הוה בעי למיסתריה ולאתויי ליבני וכשורי מינה ועיולי להתם יתיב וקא מיבעיא ליה הא דרב חסדא דאמר רב חסדא לא ליסתור בי כנישתא עד דבני בי כנישתא אחריתי התם משום פשיעותא כי האי גוונא מאי אתא לקמיה דרב פפא ואסר ליה לקמיה דרב הונא ואסר ליה,אמר רבא האי בי כנישתא חלופה וזבונה שרי אוגורה ומשכונה אסור מאי טעמא בקדושתה קאי,ליבני נמי חלופינהו וזבונינהו שרי אוזופינהו אסור הני מילי בעתיקתא אבל בחדתא לית לן בה,ואפילו למאן דאמר הזמנה מילתא היא ה"מ כגון האורג בגד למת אבל הכא כטווי לאריג דמי וליכא למאן דאמר,מתנה פליגי בה רב אחא ורבינא חד אסר וחד שרי מאן דאסר בהאי תפקע קדושתה ומאן דשרי אי לאו דהוה ליה הנאה מיניה לא הוה יהיב ליה הדר הוה ליה מתנה כזביני,ת"ר תשמישי מצוה נזרקין תשמישי קדושה נגנזין ואלו הן תשמישי מצוה סוכה לולב שופר ציצית ואלו הן תשמישי קדושה דלוסקמי ספרים תפילין ומזוזות ותיק של ס"ת ונרתיק של תפילין ורצועותיהן,אמר רבא מריש הוה אמינא האי כורסיא תשמיש דתשמיש הוא ושרי כיון דחזינא דמותבי עלויה ס"ת אמינא תשמיש קדושה הוא ואסור,ואמר רבא מריש הוה אמינא האי פריסא תשמיש דתשמיש הוא כיון דחזינא דעייפי ליה ומנחי סיפרא עלויה אמינא תשמיש קדושה הוא ואסור,ואמר רבא האי תיבותא דאירפט מיעבדה תיבה זוטרתי שרי כורסייא אסיר ואמר רבא האי פריסא דבלה למיעבדיה פריסא לספרי שרי לחומשין אסיר,ואמר רבא הני זבילי דחומשי וקמטרי דספרי תשמיש קדושה נינהו ונגנזין פשיטא מהו דתימא הני לאו לכבוד עבידן לנטורי בעלמא עבידי קמ"ל,ההוא בי כנישתא דיהודאי רומאי דהוה פתיח לההוא אידרונא דהוה מחית ביה מת והוו בעו כהני למיעל לצלויי התם אתו אמרו ליה לרבא אמר להו דלו תיבותא אותבוה דהוה ליה כלי עץ העשוי לנחת וכלי עץ העשוי לנחת אינו מקבל טומאה וחוצץ בפני הטומאה,אמרו ליה רבנן לרבא והא זמנין דמטלטלי ליה כי מנח ספר תורה עלויה והוה ליה מיטלטלא מלא וריקם אי הכי לא אפשר,אמר מר זוטרא מטפחות ספרים שבלו עושין אותן תכריכין למת מצוה וזו היא גניזתן,ואמר רבא ספר תורה שבלה גונזין אותו אצל תלמיד חכם ואפילו שונה הלכות אמר רב אחא בר יעקב ובכלי חרס שנאמר (ירמיהו לב, יד) ונתתם בכלי חרש למען יעמדו ימים רבים,(ואמר) רב פפי משמיה דר' מבי כנישתא לבי רבנן שרי מבי רבנן לבי כנישתא אסיר ורב פפא משמיה דרבא מתני איפכא אמר רב אחא | 26b. b to drink beer with /b the proceeds b seems well /b and is permitted. The seven representatives have the authority to annul the sanctity of the synagogue, and therefore the proceeds of its sale do not retain any sanctity.,The Gemara relates: b Ravina had a certain /b piece of land on which stood b a mound /b of the ruins b of a synagogue. He came before Rav Ashi /b and b said to him: What is /b the i halakha /i with regard b to sowing /b the land? b He said to him: Go, purchase it from the seven representatives of the town in an assembly of the residents of the town, and /b then you may b sow it. /b , b Rami bar Abba was /b once b building a synagogue. There was a certain old synagogue /b that b he wished to demolish, and bring bricks and beams from it, and bring them to there, /b to construct a new synagogue. b He sat and considered that which Rav Ḥisda /b said, b as Rav Ḥisda said: One should not demolish a synagogue until one has built another synagogue. /b Rami bar Abba reasoned that Rav Ḥisda’s ruling b there /b is b due to /b a concern of b negligence, /b as perhaps after the first synagogue is demolished, people will be negligent and a new one will never be built. However, in b a case like this, /b where the new synagogue is to be built directly from the materials of the old one, b what /b is the i halakha /i ? b He came before Rav Pappa /b to ask his opinion, b and he prohibited him /b from doing so. b He /b then came b before Rav Huna, and he /b also b prohibited him /b from doing so., b Rava said: /b With regard to b this synagogue, exchanging it /b for a different building b or selling it /b for money b is permitted, /b but b renting it /b out b or mortgaging it is prohibited. What is the reason /b for this? When a synagogue is rented out or mortgaged, it b remains in its sacred state. /b Therefore, it is prohibited to rent it out or mortgage it, because it will then be used for a non-sacred purpose. However, if it is exchanged or sold, its sanctity is transferred to the other building or to the proceeds of the sale, and therefore the old synagogue building may be used for any purpose.,The same i halakha /i is b also /b true of the b bricks /b of a synagogue; b exchanging them or selling them is permitted, /b but b renting them out is prohibited. /b The Gemara comments: b This applies to old /b bricks that have already been part of a synagogue, b but as for new /b bricks that have only been designated to be used in a synagogue, b we have no /b problem b with it /b if they are rented out for a non-sacred purpose., b And even according to the one who said /b that mere b designation is significant, /b i.e., although a certain object was not yet used for the designated purpose, the halakhic ramifications of using it for that purpose already take hold, b this applies /b only in a case where it was created from the outset for that purpose, b for example, one who weaves a garment /b to be used as shrouds b for a corpse. However, here /b the bricks are b comparable to /b already b spun /b thread that was then designated to be used b to weave /b burial shrouds. Concerning such designation, where nothing was specifically created for the designated purpose, b there is no one who said /b that the designation is significant., b Rav Aḥa and Ravina disagree about /b whether it is permitted to give away a synagogue as b a gift /b to then be used for a non-sacred purpose. b One /b of them b prohibited /b it, b and /b the other b one permitted /b it. b The one who prohibits /b it says: Is it possible that b with this /b act of giving alone b its sanctity is removed? /b This cannot be the case. Since the synagogue was not exchanged for anything else, there is nothing to which the sanctity may be transferred. Consequently, the synagogue remains sacred. b And the one who permitted /b it does so because he reasons that b if /b the donor b did not /b receive any b benefit from /b giving the synagogue, b he would not have given it. /b Therefore, b the gift has reverted to being like a sale, /b and the sanctity is transferred to the benefit received.,§ b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Articles /b used in the performance b of a mitzva may be thrown out /b after use. Although these items were used in the performance of a mitzva, they are not thereby sanctified. However, b articles /b associated with the b sanctity /b of God’s name, i.e. articles on which God’s name is written, and articles that serve an article that has God’s name written on it, even after they are no longer used, b must be interred /b in a respectful manner. b And these /b items b are /b considered b articles of a mitzva: A i sukka /i ; a i lulav /i ; a i shofar /i ; /b and b ritual fringes. And these /b items b are /b considered b articles of sanctity: Cases /b of b scrolls, /b i.e. of Torah scrolls; b phylacteries; and i mezuzot /i ; and a container for a Torah scroll; and a cover for phylacteries; and their straps. /b , b Rava said: Initially, I used to say /b that b this lectern /b in the synagogue upon which the Torah is read b is /b only b an article of an article /b of sanctity, as the Torah scroll does not rest directly upon the lectern but rather upon the cloth that covers it. b And /b the i halakha /i is that once an article of an article of sanctity is no longer used, b it is permitted /b to throw it out. However, b once I saw that the Torah scroll is /b sometimes b placed /b directly b upon /b the lectern without an intervening cloth. b I said /b that b it is an article /b used directly for items b of sanctity, and /b as such b it is prohibited /b to simply discard it after use., b And Rava /b similarly b said: Initially, I used to say /b that b this curtain, /b which is placed at the opening to the ark as a decoration, b is /b only b an article of an article /b of sanctity, as it serves to beautify the ark but is not directly used for the Torah scroll. However, b once I saw that /b sometimes the curtain b is folded over and a Torah scroll is placed upon it. I said /b that b it is an article /b used directly for items b of sanctity and /b as such b it is prohibited /b to simply discard it after use., b And Rava /b further b said: /b With regard to b this ark that has fallen apart, constructing a smaller ark /b from its materials b is permitted, /b as both have the same level of sanctity, but to use the materials to construct b a lectern is prohibited /b because the lectern has a lesser degree of sanctity. b And Rava /b similarly b said: /b With regard to b this curtain /b used to decorate an ark b that has become worn out, to fashion it /b into b a wrapping cloth for /b Torah b scrolls is permitted, /b but to fashion it into a wrapping cloth b for /b a scroll of b one of the five /b books of the Torah b is prohibited. /b , b And Rava /b also b said: /b With regard to b these cases for /b storing scrolls of b one of the five /b books of the Torah b and sacks for /b storing Torah b scrolls, they are /b classified as b articles of sanctity. /b Therefore, b they are to be interred /b when they are no longer in use. The Gemara asks: b Isn’t /b that b obvious? /b The Gemara answers: b Lest you say /b that since b these /b items b are not made for the honor /b of the scrolls but rather b are made merely to /b provide b protection, /b they should not be classified as articles of sanctity, Rava therefore b teaches us /b that although they are indeed made to protect the scrolls, they also provide honor and are therefore to be classified as articles of sanctity.,The Gemara relates: There was b a certain synagogue of the Jews of Rome that opened out into a room in which a corpse was lying, /b thereby spreading the ritual impurity of the corpse throughout the synagogue. b And the priests wished to enter /b the synagogue b in order to pray there. /b However, it was prohibited for them to do so because a priest may not come in contact with ritual impurity of a corpse. b They came and spoke to Rava, /b about what to do. b He said to them: Lift up the ark and put it down /b in the opening between the two rooms, b as it is a wooden utensil that is designated to rest /b in one place and not be moved from there, b and /b the i halakha /i is that b a wooden utensil that is designated to rest is not susceptible to ritual impurity, and /b therefore it b serves as a barrier to /b prevent b ritual impurity /b from spreading., b The Rabbis said to Rava: But isn’t /b the ark b sometimes moved when a Torah scroll is /b still b resting inside it, and /b therefore b it is /b a utensil that b is moved /b both b when it is full and when it is empty; /b such a utensil is susceptible to ritual impurity and cannot prevent ritual impurity from spreading. He said to them: b If so, /b if it is as you claim, then b it is not possible /b to remedy the situation., b Mar Zutra said: /b With regard to b wrapping cloths of /b Torah b scrolls that have become worn out, they may be made into shrouds for a corpse with no one to bury it [ i met mitzva /i ], and this is their /b most appropriate manner for being b interred. /b , b And Rava said: A Torah scroll that became worn out is interred /b and buried b next to a Torah scholar, and /b in this regard, a Torah scholar is defined b even /b as b one who /b only b studies the i halakhot /i /b in the Mishna and the i baraitot /i but is not proficient in their analysis. b Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov said: And /b when it is buried, it is first placed b in an earthenware vessel, as it is stated: “And put them in an earthenware vessel, that they may last for many days” /b (Jeremiah 32:14).,§ b And Rav Pappi said in the name of Rava: /b To convert a building b from a synagogue into a study hall /b is b permitted, /b but b from a study hall into a synagogue /b is b prohibited, /b as he holds that a study hall has a higher degree of sanctity than a synagogue. b And Rav Pappa in the name of Rava teaches the opposite, /b as he holds that a synagogue has a higher degree of sanctity than a study hall. b Rav Aḥa said: /b |
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51. Babylonian Talmud, Berachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Levine (2005) 340| 8a. מאי דכתיב (תהלים סט, יד) ואני תפלתי לך ה' עת רצון אימתי עת רצון בשעה שהצבור מתפללין.,ר' יוסי ברבי חנינא אמר מהכא (ישעיהו מט, ח) כה אמר ה' בעת רצון עניתיך,ר' אחא ברבי חנינא אמר מהכא (איוב לו, ה) הן אל כביר ולא ימאס וכתיב (תהלים נה, יט) פדה בשלום נפשי מקרב לי כי ברבים היו עמדי,תניא נמי הכי רבי נתן אומר מנין שאין הקב"ה מואס בתפלתן של רבים שנאמר הן אל כביר ולא ימאס וכתיב פדה בשלום נפשי מקרב לי וגו' אמר הקב"ה כל העוסק בתורה ובגמילות חסדים ומתפלל עם הצבור מעלה אני עליו כאילו פדאני לי ולבני מבין אומות העולם,אמר ר"ל כל מי שיש לו בית הכנסת בעירו ואינו נכנס שם להתפלל נקרא שכן רע שנאמר (ירמיהו יב, יד) כה אמר ה' על כל שכני הרעים הנוגעים בנחלה אשר הנחלתי את עמי את ישראל ולא עוד אלא שגורם גלות לו ולבניו שנא' (ירמיהו יב, יד) הנני נותשם מעל אדמתם ואת בית יהודה אתוש מתוכם.,אמרו ליה לר' יוחנן איכא סבי בבבל תמה ואמר (דברים יא, כא) למען ירבו ימיכם וימי בניכם על האדמה כתיב אבל בחוצה לארץ לא כיון דאמרי ליה מקדמי ומחשכי לבי כנישתא אמר היינו דאהני להו,כדאמר ר' יהושע בן לוי לבניה קדימו וחשיכו ועיילו לבי כנישתא כי היכי דתורכו חיי א"ר אחא ברבי חנינא מאי קרא (משלי ח, לד) אשרי אדם שומע לי לשקד על דלתותי יום יום לשמור מזוזת פתחי וכתיב בתריה כי מוצאי מצא חיים.,אמר רב חסדא לעולם יכנס אדם שני פתחים בבית הכנסת שני פתחים סלקא דעתך אלא אימא שיעור שני פתחים ואחר כך יתפלל:,(תהלים לב, ו) על זאת יתפלל כל חסיד אליך לעת מצא אמר ר' חנינא לעת מצא זו אשה שנא' (משלי יח, כב) מצא אשה מצא טוב,במערבא כי נסיב אינש אתתא אמרי ליה הכי מצא או מוצא מצא דכתיב מצא אשה מצא טוב ויפק רצון מה' מוצא דכתיב (קהלת ז, כו) ומוצא אני מר ממות את האשה וגו',ר' נתן אומר לעת מצא זו תורה שנאמר (משלי ח, לה) כי מוצאי מצא חיים וגו',רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר לעת מצא זו מיתה שנא' (תהלים סח, כא) למות תוצאות,תניא נמי הכי תשע מאות ושלשה מיני מיתה נבראו בעולם שנאמר למות תוצאות תוצאות בגימטריא הכי הוו קשה שבכלן אסכרא ניחא שבכלן נשיקה אסכרא דמיא כחיזרא בגבבא דעמרא דלאחורי נשרא ואיכא דאמרי כפיטורי בפי ושט נשיקה דמיא כמשחל בניתא מחלבא,ר' יוחנן אמר לעת מצא זו קבורה א"ר חנינא מאי קרא (איוב ג, כב) השמחים אלי גיל ישישו כי ימצאו קבר אמר רבה בר רב שילא היינו דאמרי אינשי ליבעי אינש רחמי אפילו עד זיבולא בתרייתא שלמא,מר זוטרא אמר לעת מצא זה בית הכסא אמרי במערבא הא דמר זוטרא עדיפא מכלהו.,אמר ליה רבא לרפרם בר פפא לימא לן מר מהני מילי מעלייתא דאמרת משמיה דרב חסדא במילי דבי כנישתא,אמר ליה הכי אמר רב חסדא מאי דכתי' (תהלים פז, ב) אוהב ה' שערי ציון מכל משכנות יעקב אוהב ה' שערים המצויינים בהלכה יותר מבתי כנסיות ומבתי מדרשות,והיינו דאמר ר' חייא בר אמי משמיה דעולא מיום שחרב בית המקדש אין לו להקב"ה בעולמו אלא ארבע אמות של הלכה בלבד.,ואמר אביי מריש הוה גריסנא בגו ביתא ומצלינא בבי כנישתא כיון דשמענא להא דאמר רבי חייא בר אמי משמיה דעולא מיום שחרב בית המקדש אין לו להקב"ה בעולמו אלא ארבע אמות של הלכה בלבד לא הוה מצלינא אלא היכא דגריסנא.,רבי אמי ורבי אסי אף על גב דהוו להו תליסר בי כנישתא בטבריא לא מצלו אלא ביני עמודי היכא דהוו גרסי:,ואמר רבי חייא בר אמי משמיה דעולא גדול הנהנה מיגיעו יותר מירא שמים דאילו גבי ירא שמים כתיב (תהלים קיב, א) אשרי איש ירא את ה' ואילו גבי נהנה מיגיעו כתיב (תהלים קכח, ב) יגיע כפיך כי תאכל אשריך וטוב לך אשריך בעולם הזה וטוב לך לעולם הבא ולגבי ירא שמים וטוב לך לא כתיב ביה:,ואמר רבי חייא בר אמי משמיה דעולא לעולם ידור אדם במקום רבו שכל זמן ששמעי בן גרא קיים לא נשא שלמה את בת פרעה,והתניא אל ידור,לא קשיא הא דכייף ליה הא דלא כייף ליה:,אמר רב הונא בר יהודה אמר רבי מנחם אמר ר' אמי מאי דכתי' (ישעיהו א, כח) ועוזבי ה' יכלו זה המניח ס"ת ויוצא,רבי אבהו נפיק בין גברא לגברא.,בעי רב פפא בין פסוקא לפסוקא מהו,תיקו,רב ששת מהדר אפיה וגריס אמר אנן בדידן ואינהו בדידהו:,אמר רב הונא בר יהודה אמר רבי אמי לעולם ישלים אדם פרשיותיו עם הצבור שנים מקרא ואחד תרגום | 8a. b What is /b the meaning of b that which is written: “But as for me, let my prayer be unto You, Lord, in a time of favor; /b O God, in the abundance of Your mercy, answer me with the truth of Your salvation” (Psalms 69:14)? It appears that the individual is praying that his prayers will coincide with a special time of Divine favor. b When is a time of favor? /b It is b at the time when the congregation is praying. /b It is beneficial to pray together with the congregation, for God does not fail to respond to the entreaties of the congregation., b Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said that /b the unique quality of communal prayer is derived b from here: “Thus said the Lord, in a time of acceptance I have answered you and on a day of salvation I have aided you” /b (Isaiah 49:8)., b Rabbi Aḥa, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said /b that it is derived b from here: “Behold, God is mighty, He despises no one” /b (Job 36:5). He adopts an alternative reading of the verse: “Behold, God will not despise” the prayer of “the mighty,” i.e., the community. b And it is written: “He has redeemed my soul in peace so that none came upon me; for there were many with me. /b God shall hear and answer them…” (Psalms 55:19–20). This verse teaches that the prayer was answered because there were many with me when it was offered., b That /b last proof b was also taught /b in a i baraita /i . b Rabbi Natan says: From where do we know that the Holy One, Blessed be He, does not despise the prayer of the masses? As it is stated: “Behold, God does not despise the mighty,” and it is written: “He has redeemed my soul in peace so that none came upon me; /b for there were many with me.” Rabbi Natan interprets this not as David speaking about himself, but as God speaking to Israel. b The Holy One, Blessed be He, says: Anyone who engages in Torah /b study, which is called peace in the verse: “All its ways are peace” (Proverbs 3:17); b and in acts of kindness, and prays with the congregation, I ascribe to him /b credit b as if he redeemed Me and My children from among the nations of the world. /b ,Continuing to extol communal prayer, b Reish Lakish said: One who has a synagogue /b nearby b in his city but does not enter to pray there is called an evil neighbor, as it is stated: “Thus said the Lord: As for all My evil neighbors who touch My inheritance which I have caused My people Israel to inherit, /b behold, I will pluck them up from off their land, and will pluck the house of Judah up from among them” (Jeremiah 12:14). One who only touches, but does not enter the place of prayer, My inheritance, is considered an evil neighbor. b And furthermore, /b he is punished in that b he causes himself and his children /b to go into b exile, as it is stated: “Behold, I will pluck them up from off their land, and will pluck the house of Judah up from among them.” /b ,The Gemara relates that when the Sages b told Rabbi Yoḥa /b that b there are elders in Babylonia, he was confounded and said: It is written: “So that your days will be lengthened and the days of your children upon the land /b the Lord swore to your forefathers to give to them like the days of heaven on the earth” (Deuteronomy 11:21); lengthened in Eretz Yisrael b but not outside of the Land. /b Why then, do the residents of Babylonia live long lives? b When they told him /b that the people in Babylonia b go early /b in the morning b and go late /b in the evening b to the synagogue, he said: That is what was effective for them /b in extending their lives., b As Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said to his sons: Go early and go late and enter the synagogue, so that your lives will be extended. /b And b Rabbi Aḥa, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: /b Upon b what verse /b is this based? As it is stated: b “Happy is the man who listens to Me, watching daily at My gates, guarding at My door posts” /b (Proverbs 8:34). b And /b the reward for doing so b is written thereafter: “For whoso finds Me finds life and obtains the favor of the Lord” /b (Proverbs 8:35).,Based on this verse, b Rav Ḥisda said: A person should always enter two doorways into the synagogue. /b This statement is unclear. Immediately, the Gemara asks: b Does it enter your mind /b that Rav Ḥisda meant that one should enter b two doorways /b literally? What if a synagogue only has a single doorway? Rather, emend his statement and b say /b that Rav Ḥisda meant that b one should enter a distance of two doorways /b into the synagogue b and then pray. /b In entering a distance of two doorways, one fulfills the verse: Guarding at My door posts, in the plural.,Having mentioned the verse, “For whoso finds Me finds life,” the Gemara seeks to clarify its meaning. It is said, b “For this, let every pious man pray to You in the time of finding, /b that the overflowing waters may not reach him” (Psalms 32:6). With regard to the phrase, the time of finding, b Rabbi Ḥanina said: The time of finding /b refers to the time one must find b a wife, /b that one should pray to find a suitable woman to marry. b As it is said: “He who finds [ i matza /i ] a wife finds [ i matza /i ] good /b and obtains favor from the Lord” (Proverbs 18:22)., b In Eretz Yisrael, /b the custom was that b when a man married a woman, they would ask him: i Matza /i or i motzeh /i ? /b In other words, they would ask the groom whether the appropriate passage for his wife is the above verse from Proverbs that begins with the word b i matza /i , as it is written: “He who finds a wife finds good and obtains favor from the Lord” /b or whether the more appropriate verse is the one beginning with the word b i motzeh /i , as it is written: “And I find [ i motzeh /i ] the woman more bitter than death” /b (Ecclesiastes 7:26)., b Rabbi Natan says: The time of finding /b refers to the time of finding b Torah, as it is stated /b in a verse referring to Torah: b “He who finds Me finds life.” /b The Torah is the object most sought., b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: The time of finding /b refers to b death. /b One should pray that when death comes, he will leave the world peacefully, b as it is stated: “Issues [ i totzaot /i ] of death” /b (Psalms 68:21). Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak’s statement is based on the etymological similarity between i totzaot /i and i matza /i , finding., b It was also taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Nine hundred and three types of death were created in the world, as it is stated: “Issues [ i totzaot /i ] of death,” and that, /b 903, b is the numerical value [ i gimatriya /i ] of i totzaot /i /b . The Gemara explains that b the most difficult of /b all these types of death b is croup [ i askara /i ], /b while b the easiest is /b the b kiss /b of death. b Croup is like a thorn /b entangled b in a wool fleece, which, when pulled out backwards, /b tears the wool. b Some say that /b croup b is like ropes at the entrance to the esophagus, /b which would be nearly impossible to insert and excruciating to remove. The b kiss /b of death b is like drawing a hair from milk. /b One should pray that he does not die a painful death., b Rabbi Yoḥa said: The time of finding /b refers to a respectful b burial, /b for which one should pray. Supporting Rabbi Yoḥa’s interpretation, b Rabbi Ḥanina said: What /b is the b verse /b that teaches that the time of finding refers to burial? b “Who rejoice in exultation and are glad when they can find a grave” /b (Job 3:22), as there are situations in which one is relieved when his body finds a grave in which to rest. b Rabba bar Rav Sheila said, that is the /b meaning of the b folk saying: A person should even pray for mercy until the final shovelful /b of dirt b is thrown /b upon his grave., b Mar Zutra said: The time of finding /b refers to finding b a lavatory. /b As most places did not have a sewage system, one was forced to relieve himself outside the city. Because of this unpleasantness, finding a suitable location was called by Mar Zutra, the time of finding. b In the West, /b Eretz Yisrael, b they say: This /b explanation b of Mar Zutra is preferable to all of them, /b as the term i motza /i is explicitly associated in the Bible (see II Kings 10:27) with the lavatory (Rabbi Abraham Moshe Horovitz).,Returning to the tractate’s central topic, b Rava said to Rafram bar Pappa: Let the Master say to us some of those outstanding statements that you said in the name of Rav Ḥisda with regard to matters of the synagogue. /b ,Rafram b said to him, Rav Ḥisda said as follows: What is /b the meaning of the verse: b “The Lord loves the gates of Zion [ i Tziyyon /i ] more than all the dwellings of Jacob” /b (Psalms 87:2)? This means that b the Lord loves the gates distinguished [ i metzuyanim /i ] through /b the study of i halakha /i as they are the gates of Zion, the outstanding gates, b more than the synagogues and study halls. /b Although those places are the most outstanding of the dwellings of Jacob, they are not engaged in the study of i halakha /i ., b And this /b concept, that i halakha /i is the most sublime pursuit, is expressed in that which b Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Ami said in the name of Ulla: Since the day the Temple, /b where the Divine Presence rested in this world, b was destroyed, the Holy One, Blessed be He, has only /b one place b in His world /b where he reveals His presence exclusively; b only the four cubits /b where the study b of i halakha /i /b is undertaken b . /b ,This statement has practical ramifications. b Abaye said: At first I studied in the house and prayed in the synagogue. Once I heard what Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Ami said in the name of Ulla: Since the day the Temple was destroyed, the Holy One, Blessed be He, has only /b one place b in His world, only the four cubits of i halakha /i alone, /b from which I understood the significance of the four cubits of i halakha /i , and b I pray only where I study. /b ,Similarly, the Gemara relates that b Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi, despite /b the fact b that they had thirteen synagogues in Tiberias, they would only pray between the pillars where they studied. /b , b And Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Ami said in the name of Ulla: One who benefits from his hard labor is greater than a God-fearing /b person, i.e., one who is so enthralled by his fear of God that he sits idly by and does not work. b As with regard to a God-fearing /b person, b it is written: “Happy is the man who fears the Lord, /b who greatly desires His mitzvot” (Psalms 112:1), b while with regard to one who benefits from his hard work, it is written: “By the labor of your hands you will live; you are happy and it is good for you” /b (Psalms 128:2). The Gemara explains this verse to mean that b you are happy in this world, and it is good for you in the World-to-Come. And regarding a God-fearing /b person, happy is the man, is written about him but b and it is good for you, is not written about him. /b , b And Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Ami said in the name of Ulla: One should always live in the place where his teacher /b lives; thereby he will avoid sin. b For as long as Shimi ben Gera, /b who according to tradition was a great Torah scholar and teacher of Solomon (see i Gittin /i 59a), b was alive, Solomon did not marry Pharaoh’s daughter. /b Immediately after the Bible relates the death of Shimi (I Kings, end of ch. 2), Solomon’s marriage to Pharaoh’s daughter is recorded (beginning of ch. 3).,The Gemara raises an objection: b Wasn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i that one b should not live /b where his teacher lives?,The Gemara answers: b This is not difficult. This, /b which says that one should live where his teacher lives, is referring to a case b where he is acquiescent to /b his teacher and will heed his teaching and instruction. b While this /b i baraita /i , which says that one should not live where his teacher lives, is referring to a case b where he is not acquiescent to him /b and that will lead them to quarrel.,The Gemara again returns to the topic of the synagogue. b Rav Huna bar Yehuda said /b that b Rabbi Menaḥem said /b that b Rabbi Ami said: What is /b the practical halakhic meaning of b that which is written: “They who forsake the Lord will perish” /b (Isaiah 1:28)? b This /b verse b refers to one who abandons the Torah /b scroll when it was taken out to be read b and leaves /b the synagogue, as it appears that he is fleeing from God.,Practically speaking, the Gemara relates that b Rabbi Abbahu would go out between /b one b person /b who read the Torah b and the /b next b person /b who did so. Since the scroll was closed between readers, it was not considered to be a show of contempt., b Rav Pappa raised a dilemma: What is /b the ruling with regard to leaving b between /b one b verse and /b the next b verse? /b Is one permitted to leave during a break in the Torah reading while the verse was translated into Aramaic?,An answer to this question was not found, so the dilemma b stands /b unresolved.,The Gemara relates that b Rav Sheshet would turn his face /b away from the Torah while it was being read b and study. /b Explaining this practice, b he said: We are /b engaged b in ours, /b the study of the Oral Torah b and they are /b engaged b in theirs, /b listening to the Written Torah. Since Rav Sheshet was engaged in Torah study, he is not considered one who forsakes the Lord., b Rav Huna bar Yehuda said /b that b Rabbi Ami said: A person should always complete his /b Torah b portions with the congregation. /b The congregation reads a particular Torah portion every Shabbat, and during the week prior to each Shabbat, one is required to read the b Bible /b text of the weekly portion b twice and /b the b translation once. /b |
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52. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gardner (2015) 2| 9b. משגש ארחתיה דאימיה משמיה דר' אלעזר מאי דכתיב (ישעיהו נט, יז) וילבש צדקה כשריון לומר לך מה שריון זה כל קליפה וקליפה מצטרפת לשריון גדול אף צדקה כל פרוטה ופרוטה מצטרפת לחשבון גדול רבי חנינא אמר מהכא (ישעיהו סד, ה) וכבגד עדים כל צדקותינו מה בגד זה כל נימא ונימא מצטרפת לבגד גדול אף צדקה כל פרוטה ופרוטה מצטרפת לחשבון גדול,אמאי קרו ליה עולא משגש ארחתיה דאימיה דבעא מיניה רב אחדבוי בר אמי מרב ששת מנין למצורע בימי ספורו שמטמא אדם אמר לו הואיל ומטמא בגדים מטמא אדם,אמר ליה דילמא טומאה בחבורים שאני דהא הסיט נבילה דמטמא בגדים ואינו מטמא אדם,אמר ליה ואלא שרץ דמטמא אדם מנלן לאו משום דמטמא בגדים אמר ליה שרץ בהדיא כתיב ביה (ויקרא כב, ה) או איש אשר יגע בכל שרץ אלא שכבת זרע דמטמא אדם מנלן לאו משום דהואיל ומטמא בגדים מטמא אדם אמר ליה שכבת זרע נמי בהדיא כתיב ביה (ויקרא כב, ד) או איש לרבות את הנוגע,אהדר ליה בבדיחותא חלש דעתיה דרב ששת אישתיק רב אחדבוי בר אמי ואתיקר תלמודיה אתיא אימיה וקא בכיא קמיה צווחה צווחה ולא אשגח בה אמרה ליה חזי להני חדיי דמצית מינייהו בעא רחמי עליה ואיתסי,ודאתאן עלה מנא לן כדתניא ר"ש בן יוחי אומר נאמר כבוס בגדים בימי ספורו ונאמר כבוס בגדים בימי חלוטו מה להלן מטמא אדם אף כאן מטמא אדם,אמר רבי אלעזר גדול העושה צדקה בסתר יותר ממשה רבינו דאילו במשה רבינו כתיב (דברים ט, יט) כי יגורתי מפני האף והחמה ואילו בעושה צדקה כתיב (משלי כא, יד) מתן בסתר יכפה אף [ושחד בחיק חמה עזה] ופליגא דרבי יצחק דאמר ר' יצחק אף כופה חמה אינו כופה שנאמר ושחד בחיק חמה עזה אע"פ ששוחד בחיק חמה עזה איכא דאמרי א"ר יצחק כל דיין שנוטל שחד מביא חמה עזה לעולם [שנאמר ושחד בחיק וגו'],ואמר רבי יצחק כל הנותן פרוטה לעני מתברך בשש ברכות והמפייסו בדברים מתברך בי"א ברכות הנותן פרוטה לעני מתברך בשש ברכות דכתיב (ישעיהו נח, ז) הלא פרוש וגו' ועניים מרודים תביא בית וגו' כי תראה ערום וגו',והמפייסו בדברים מתברך באחת עשרה ברכות שנאמר (ישעיהו נח, י) ותפק לרעב נפשך ונפש נענה תשביע וזרח בחשך אורך ואפלתך כצהרים ונחך ה' תמיד והשביע בצחצחות נפשך וגו' ובנו ממך חרבות עולם מוסדי דור ודור תקומם וגו',ואמר רבי יצחק מאי דכתיב (משלי כא, כא) רודף צדקה וחסד ימצא חיים צדקה וכבוד משום דרודף צדקה ימצא צדקה אלא לומר לך כל הרודף אחר צדקה הקדוש ברוך הוא ממציא לו מעות ועושה בהן צדקה,רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר הקדוש ברוך הוא ממציא לו בני אדם המהוגנים לעשות להן צדקה כדי לקבל עליהם שכרו לאפוקי מאי לאפוקי מדדרש רבה דדרש רבה מאי דכתיב (ירמיהו יח, כג) ויהיו מוכשלים לפניך בעת אפך עשה בהם אמר ירמיה לפני הקדוש ברוך הוא רבונו של עולם [אפילו] בשעה שכופין את יצרן ומבקשין לעשות צדקה לפניך הכשילם בבני אדם שאינן מהוגנין כדי שלא יקבלו עליהן שכר,רבי יהושע בן לוי אמר כל הרגיל לעשות צדקה זוכה הויין לו בנים בעלי חכמה בעלי עושר בעלי אגדה בעלי חכמה דכתיב | 9b. b who perverted the ways of his mother. /b He said b in the name of Rabbi Elazar: What /b is the meaning of that b which is written: “And He donned charity like a coat of mail” /b (Isaiah 59:17)? This verse serves b to tell you /b that b just as /b with regard to b this coat of mail, each and every scale /b of which it is fashioned b combines to /b form b one large coat of mail, so too /b with regard to b charity, each and every i peruta /i /b that one gives b combines to /b form b a great sum. Rabbi Ḥanina says: /b The same idea is derived b from here, /b as it is stated: b “And all our charity is as a polluted garment” /b (Isaiah 64:5). b Just as /b with regard to b this garment, each and every thread /b in it b combines to /b form b one large garment, so too /b with regard to b charity, each and every i peruta /i combines to /b form b a great sum. /b ,The Gemara comments: b Why was /b this Sage b called the infant who perverted the ways of his mother? /b It was because of the following incident: b Rav Aḥadvoi bar Ami asked Rav Sheshet: From where /b is it derived b that a leper renders a person impure /b through contact b during his days of counting, /b i.e., during the seven days that the leper must count from the start of his purification process, when he brings his birds, until he completes that process with the bringing of his sacrifices? Rav Sheshet b said to him: Since he renders /b his b garments impure, /b as it states that on the seventh day of his purification he must wash his clothes (see Leviticus 14:9), b he /b also b renders people impure. /b ,Rav Aḥadvoi b said to him: Perhaps connected impurity is different, /b meaning perhaps he renders his garments impure because they are connected to the source of the impurity, but this does not mean that he renders impure a person whom he touches. A proof for this distinction may be brought from the fact b that /b if b one moves an animal carcass, /b an action that renders him impure even if there was no actual contact with the carcass, b he renders /b the b garments /b that he is wearing b impure but does not render /b another b person impure. /b ,Rav Sheshet b said to him: But from where do we /b derive that the carcass of b a creeping animal renders a person impure? Is it not because /b we know b that it renders /b his b garments impure? /b Rav Aḥadvoi b said to him: It is written explicitly /b with regard to the carcass of b a creeping animal: “Or a man who touches any creeping animal, /b whereby he may be made unclean” (Leviticus 22:5). Rav Sheshet said to him: b But from where do we /b derive that b semen renders a person impure? Is it not because /b we say that b since it renders /b his b garments impure /b (see Leviticus 15:17) b it /b also b renders a person impure? /b Rav Aḥadvoi b said to him: It is also written explicitly /b with regard to b semen: “Or a man /b from whom semen is expelled” (Leviticus 22:4), and the Sages expound the superfluous word “or” as serving b to include /b as impure b one who touches /b semen.,The Gemara relates that with each of his answers Rav Aḥadvoi b responded to /b Rav Sheshet b in a mocking tone, /b intimating that he doubted Rav Sheshet’s grasp of Torah verses. b Rav Sheshet was /b deeply b offended, /b and as punishment, b Rav Aḥadvoi bar Ami became mute and forgot his learning. /b Rav Aḥadvoi’s b mother came and wept before /b Rav Sheshet. b She cried and cried but he ignored her. /b As she had once been Rav Sheshet’s nursemaid, b she said to him: Look at these breasts of mine from which you suckled. /b Upon hearing that, Rav Sheshet b prayed for mercy for /b Rav Aḥadvoi, b and he was healed. /b And since it was Rav Aḥadvoi whose behavior led to his mother’s acting in this manner, he was referred to as the infant who perverted his mother’s ways.,The Gemara comments: With regard to b that which we arrived at, /b i.e., this particular subject, let us clarify the matter: b From where do we /b derive that a leper renders impure a person with whom he comes into contact during his days of counting? b As it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai says: Washing garments is stated with respect to his days of counting, and washing garments is stated with respect to his days of confirmed /b leprosy, after he has been declared conclusively impure by a priest. b Just as there, /b when he is a confirmed leper b he renders a person impure, /b as is explicitly stated in the Torah, b so too here, /b during his days of counting b he renders a person impure. /b ,§ The Gemara resumes its discussion of the virtues of giving charity. b Rabbi Elazar said: One who performs /b acts of b charity in secret is greater than Moses, our teacher. Whereas with regard to Moses, our teacher, it is written: “For I was afraid of the anger and the wrath” /b (Deuteronomy 9:19), b with regard to one who performs /b acts of b charity it is written: “A gift in secret pacifies anger, and a present in the bosom fierce wrath” /b (Proverbs 21:14). The Gemara comments: b And this /b statement b disagrees with /b a statement b of Rabbi Yitzḥak, as Rabbi Yitzḥak says: /b A secret gift b pacifies anger, /b but it b does not pacify wrath, as it is stated: “And a present in the bosom fierce wrath,” /b meaning that b although a present is in the bosom, /b i.e., even if one gives charity in secret, nevertheless b fierce wrath /b can still harm him. b There are /b those b who say /b that b Rabbi Yitzḥak says /b as follows: b Any judge who accepts a bribe brings fierce wrath upon the world, as it is stated: “And a present in the bosom /b fierce wrath.”, b And Rabbi Yitzḥak says: Anyone who gives a i peruta /i to a poor person receives six blessings, and whoever consoles him with words /b of comfort and encouragement b receives eleven blessings. /b The Gemara explains: b One who gives a i peruta /i to a poor person receives six blessings, as it is written: “Is it not to share /b your bread with the hungry, b and that you shall bring the poor that are cast out to your house? When you see the naked, /b that you cover him” (Isaiah 58:7). And the next verses list six blessings: “Then shall your light break forth like the dawn, and your health shall spring forth speedily, and your righteousness shall go before you, the glory of the Lord shall be your rearguard. Then, shall you call, and the Lord shall answer; you shall cry, and He shall say: Here I am” (Isaiah 58:8–9)., b And whoever consoles /b a poor person b with words /b of comfort and encouragement b receives eleven blessings, as it is stated: “And if you draw out your soul to the hungry and satisfy the afflicted soul, then shall your light shine in darkness, and your gloom shall be as the noonday. And the Lord shall guide you continually, and satisfy your thirst in drought… And they that shall be of you shall build the old waste places, you shall raise up the foundations of many generations” /b (Isaiah 58:10–12)., b And Rabbi Yitzḥak says: What /b is the meaning of that b which is written: “He who pursues charity and mercy finds life, charity, and honor” /b (Proverbs 21:21)? Is this to say that b because one has pursued charity, he /b himself b shall find charity? /b That is, shall the reward of one who has always given charity be that he will eventually become poor and other people will act charitably toward him? b Rather, /b the verse serves b to tell you /b that with regard to b anyone who pursues charity, /b giving to the poor and leading others to do so, b the Holy One, Blessed be He, furnishes him with money with which to perform /b his acts of b charity. /b , b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak says: The Holy One, Blessed be He, sends him people who are deserving of charity, so that he will reap /b his just b reward for /b helping b them. /b The Gemara comments: b What /b does this statement serve b to exclude? /b It serves b to exclude Rabba’s homiletical interpretation /b of a different verse, b as Rabba taught: What /b is the meaning of that b which is written: “Let them be made to stumble before You; deal thus with them in the time of Your anger” /b (Jeremiah 18:23)? The prophet b Jeremiah said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, even when /b those wicked men who pursued me b subdue their inclinations and seek to perform /b acts of b charity before You, cause them to stumble upon /b dishonest b people who are not deserving /b of charity, b so that they will not receive reward /b for coming to their assistance., b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: Anyone who is accustomed to performing /b acts of b charity merits /b blessing; b he will have sons who are masters of wisdom, masters of wealth, and masters of i aggada /i . /b The Gemara explains: b Masters of wisdom, as it is written: /b |
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| 53. John Chrysostom, Against The Jews, 2.3, 4.7 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen Found in books: Levine (2005) 294 |
| 54. Epiphanius, Panarion, 80.1.5 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 325 |
| 55. Septuagint, 4 Maccabees, 36 Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 339 |
| 56. Anon., Soferim, 10.6 Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 380 |
| 57. Anon., Midrash Hagadol, None Tagged with subjects: •soup kitchen, nave Found in books: Levine (2005) 344 |
