| 1. Plato, Cratylus, 426c-427c, 438e, 424b-425c (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 36 |
2. Herodotus, Histories, 2.2 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 6| 2.2. οἱ δὲ Αἰγύπτιοι, πρὶν μὲν ἢ Ψαμμήτιχον σφέων βασιλεῦσαι, ἐνόμιζον ἑωυτοὺς πρώτους γενέσθαι πάντων ἀνθρώπων· ἐπειδὴ δὲ Ψαμμήτιχος βασιλεύσας ἠθέλησε εἰδέναι οἵτινες γενοίατο πρῶτοι, ἀπὸ τούτου νομίζουσι Φρύγας προτέρους γενέσθαι ἑωυτῶν, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ἑωυτούς. Ψαμμήτιχος δὲ ὡς οὐκ ἐδύνατο πυνθανόμενος πόρον οὐδένα τούτου ἀνευρεῖν, οἳ γενοίατο πρῶτοι ἀνθρώπων, ἐπιτεχνᾶται τοιόνδε. παιδία δύο νεογνὰ ἀνθρώπων τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων δίδωσι ποιμένι τρέφειν ἐς τὰ ποίμνια τροφήν τινα τοιήνδε, ἐντειλάμενος μηδένα ἀντίον αὐτῶν μηδεμίαν φωνὴν ἱέναι, ἐν στέγῃ δὲ ἐρήμῃ ἐπʼ ἑωυτῶν κέεσθαι αὐτά, καὶ τὴν ὥρην ἐπαγινέειν σφι αἶγας, πλήσαντα δὲ γάλακτος τἆλλα διαπρήσσεσθαι· ταῦτα δὲ ἐποίεέ τε καὶ ἐνετέλλετο Ψαμμήτιχος θέλων ἀκοῦσαι τῶν παιδίων, ἀπαλλαχθέντων τῶν ἀσήμων κνυζημάτων, ἥντινα φωνὴν ῥήξουσι πρώτην· τά περ ὦν καὶ ἐγένετο. ὡς γὰρ διέτης χρόνος ἐγεγόνεε ταῦτα τῷ ποιμένι πρήσσοντι, ἀνοίγοντι τὴν θύρην καὶ ἐσιόντι τὰ παιδία ἀμφότερα προσπίπτοντα βεκὸς ἐφώνεον, ὀρέγοντα τὰς χεῖρας. τὰ μὲν δὴ πρῶτα ἀκούσας ἥσυχος ἦν ὁ ποιμήν· ὡς δὲ πολλάκις φοιτέοντι καὶ ἐπιμελομένῳ πολλὸν ἦν τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος, οὕτω δὴ σημήνας τῷ δεσπότῃ ἤγαγε τὰ παιδία κελεύσαντος ἐς ὄψιν τὴν ἐκείνου. ἀκούσας δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Ψαμμήτιχος ἐπυνθάνετο οἵτινες ἀνθρώπων βεκός τι καλέουσι, πυνθανόμενος δὲ εὕρισκε Φρύγας καλέοντας τὸν ἄρτον. οὕτω συνεχώρησαν Αἰγύπτιοι καὶ τοιούτῳ σταθμησάμενοι πρήγματι τοὺς Φρύγας πρεσβυτέρους εἶναι ἑωυτῶν. ὧδε μὲν γενέσθαι τῶν ἱρέων τοῦ Ἡφαίστου τοῦ ἐν Μέμφι ἤκουον· Ἕλληνες δὲ λέγουσι ἄλλα τε μάταια πολλὰ καὶ ὡς γυναικῶν τὰς γλώσσας ὁ Ψαμμήτιχος ἐκταμὼν τὴν δίαιταν οὕτω ἐποιήσατο τῶν παίδων παρὰ ταύτῃσι τῇσι γυναιξί. | 2.2. Now before Psammetichus became king of Egypt, the Egyptians believed that they were the oldest people on earth. But ever since Psammetichus became king and wished to find out which people were the oldest, they have believed that the Phrygians were older than they, and they than everybody else. ,Psammetichus, when he was in no way able to learn by inquiry which people had first come into being, devised a plan by which he took two newborn children of the common people and gave them to a shepherd to bring up among his flocks. He gave instructions that no one was to speak a word in their hearing; they were to stay by themselves in a lonely hut, and in due time the shepherd was to bring goats and give the children their milk and do everything else necessary. ,Psammetichus did this, and gave these instructions, because he wanted to hear what speech would first come from the children, when they were past the age of indistinct babbling. And he had his wish; for one day, when the shepherd had done as he was told for two years, both children ran to him stretching out their hands and calling “Bekos!” as he opened the door and entered. ,When he first heard this, he kept quiet about it; but when, coming often and paying careful attention, he kept hearing this same word, he told his master at last and brought the children into the king's presence as required. Psammetichus then heard them himself, and asked to what language the word “Bekos” belonged; he found it to be a Phrygian word, signifying bread. ,Reasoning from this, the Egyptians acknowledged that the Phrygians were older than they. This is the story which I heard from the priests of Hephaestus' temple at Memphis ; the Greeks say among many foolish things that Psammetichus had the children reared by women whose tongues he had cut out. |
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| 3. Posidonius Apamensis Et Rhodius, Fragments, 45, 192 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 34 |
4. Varro, On The Latin Language, 5.1-5.2, 5.6, 5.13, 5.61-5.62, 5.98, 5.109, 5.144, 6.1, 6.3, 8.3-8.5, 8.21-8.22, 9.37, 9.56, 10.51 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 106, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 193 | 5.1. I. BOOK V On the Science of the Origin of Words, addressed to CiceroIn what way names were applied to things in Latin, I have undertaken to expound, in six books. of these, I have already composed three before this one, and have addressed them to Septumius; in them I treat of the branch of learning which is called Etymology. The considerations which might be raised against it, I have put in the first book; those adduced in its favour, in the second; those merely describing it, in the third. In the following books, addressed to you, I shall discuss the problem from what things names were applied in Latin, both those which are habitual with the ordinary folk, and those which are found in the poets. 5.13. Therefore because the primal classes of things are four in number, so many are the primal classes of words. From among these, concerning places and those things which are seen in them, I shall put a summary' account in this book; but we shall follow them up wherever the kin of the word under discussion is, even if it has driven its roots beyond its own territory. For often the roots of a tree which is close to the line of the property have gone out under the neighbour's cornfield. Wherefore, when I speak of places, I shall not have gone astray, if from ager 'field' I pass to an agrarius 'agrarian' man, and to an agricola 'farmer.' The partnership of words is one of many members: the Wine Festival cannot be set on its way without wine, nor can the Curia Calabra 'Announcement Hall' be opened without the calatio 'proclamation.' 5.144. The first town of the Roman line which was founded in Latium, was Lavinium; for there are our Penates. This was named from the daughter of Latinus who was wedded to Aeneas, Lavinia. Thirty years after this, a second town was founded, named Alba; it was named from the alba 'white' sow. This sow, when she had escaped from Aeneas's ship to Lavinium, gave birth to a litter of thirty young: from this prodigy, thirty years after the founding of Lavinium, this second city was established, called Alba Longa 'the Long White City,' on account of the colour of the sow and the nature of the place. From here came Rhea, mother of Romulus; from her, Romulus; from him, Rome. 6.1. I. HERE BEGINS BOOK VI The sources of the words which are names of places and are names of those things which are in these places, I have written in the preceding book. In the present book I shall speak about the names of times and of those things which in the performance take place or are said with some time-factor, such as sitting, walking, talking: and if there are any words of a different sort attached to these, I shall give heed rather to the kinship of the words than to the rebukes of my listener. 6.3. II. First we shall speak of the time-names, then of those things which take place through them, but in such a way that first we shall speak of their essential nature: for nature was man's guide to the imposition of names. Time, they say, is an interval in the motion of the world. This is divided into a number of parts, especially from the course of the sun and the moon. Therefore from their temperatus 'moderated' career, tempus 'time' is named, and from this comes tempestiva 'timely things'; and from their motus 'motion,' the mundus 'world,' which is joined with the sky as a whole. |
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| 5. Varro, Fragments, 43, 46, 78, 112 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
| 6. Philodemus of Gadara, De Pietate \ , 1428 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 130 |
| 7. Cicero, On Fate, 7 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 31 |
| 8. Cicero, Lucullus, 102 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 55 |
| 9. Lucilius Gaius, Fragments, 1160, 1322, 1326-1338, 1340, 635-636, 784-790, 382 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
10. Lucretius Carus, On The Nature of Things, 5.1056-5.1090 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 37| 5.1056. postremo quid in hac mirabile tantoperest re, 5.1057. si genus humanum, cui vox et lingua vigeret, 5.1058. pro vario sensu varia res voce notaret? 5.1059. cum pecudes mutae, cum denique saecla ferarum 5.1060. dissimilis soleant voces variasque ciere, 5.1061. cum metus aut dolor est et cum iam gaudia gliscunt. 5.1062. quippe et enim licet id rebus cognoscere apertis. 5.1063. inritata canum cum primum magna Molossum 5.1064. mollia ricta fremunt duros nudantia dentes, 5.1065. longe alio sonitu rabies re stricta minatur, 5.1066. et cum iam latrant et vocibus omnia complent; 5.1067. at catulos blande cum lingua lambere temptant 5.1068. aut ubi eos lactant, pedibus morsuque potentes 5.1069. suspensis teneros imitantur dentibus haustus, 5.1070. longe alio pacto gannitu vocis adulant, 5.1071. et cum deserti baubantur in aedibus, aut cum 5.1072. plorantis fugiunt summisso corpore plagas. 5.1073. denique non hinnitus item differre videtur, 5.1074. inter equas ubi equus florenti aetate iuvencus 5.1075. pinnigeri saevit calcaribus ictus Amoris 5.1076. et fremitum patulis sub naribus edit ad arma, 5.1077. et cum sic alias concussis artibus hinnit? 5.1078. postremo genus alituum variaeque volucres, 5.1079. accipitres atque ossifragae mergique marinis 5.1080. fluctibus in salso victum vitamque petentes, 5.1081. longe alias alio iaciunt in tempore voces, 5.1082. et quom de victu certant praedaque repugt. 5.1083. et partim mutant cum tempestatibus una 5.1084. raucisonos cantus, cornicum ut saecla vetusta 5.1085. corvorumque gregis ubi aquam dicuntur et imbris 5.1086. poscere et inter dum ventos aurasque vocare. 5.1087. ergo si varii sensus animalia cogunt, 5.1088. muta tamen cum sint, varias emittere voces, 5.1089. quanto mortalis magis aequumst tum potuisse 5.1090. dissimilis alia atque alia res voce notare! | |
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| 11. Philo of Alexandria, On Sobriety, 36 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 135 |
| 12. Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory, 1.7.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
| 13. Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, 1.7.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
| 14. Gellius, Attic Nights, 10.4.1-10.4.4, 13.6.3, 19.14.6-19.14.8 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81, 82 |
| 15. Posidonius Olbiopolitanus, Fragments, 45, 192 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 34 |
| 16. Galen, On The Doctrines of Hippocrates And Plato, 2.2.10-2.2.11, 3.5.27-3.5.28 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 85, 130 |
| 17. Sextus, Against The Mathematicians, 8.96 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 85 |
18. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 7.52-7.53, 7.58, 7.70 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 34, 85 | 7.52. The Stoics apply the term sense or sensation (αἴσθησις) to three things: (1) the current passing from the principal part of the soul to the senses, (2) apprehension by means of the senses, (3) the apparatus of the sense-organs, in which some persons are deficient. Moreover, the activity of the sense-organs is itself also called sensation. According to them it is by sense that we apprehend black and white, rough and smooth, whereas it is by reason that we apprehend the conclusions of demonstration, for instance the existence of gods and their providence. General notions, indeed, are gained in the following ways: some by direct contact, some by resemblance, some by analogy, some by transposition, some by composition, and some by contrariety. 7.53. By incidence or direct contact have come our notions of sensible things; by resemblance notions whose origin is something before us, as the notion of Socrates which we get from his bust; while under notions derived from analogy come those which we get (1) by way of enlargement, like that of Tityos or the Cyclops, or (2) by way of diminution, like that of the Pygmy. And thus, too, the centre of the earth was originally conceived on the analogy of smaller spheres. of notions obtained by transposition creatures with eyes on the chest would be an instance, while the centaur exemplifies those reached by composition, and death those due to contrariety. Furthermore, there are notions which imply a sort of transition to the realm of the imperceptible: such are those of space and of the meaning of terms. The notions of justice and goodness come by nature. Again, privation originates notions; for instance, that of the man without hands. Such are their tenets concerning presentation, sensation, and thought. 7.58. There are, as stated by Diogenes in his treatise on Language and by Chrysippus, five parts of speech: proper name, common noun, verb, conjunction, article. To these Antipater in his work On Words and their Meaning adds another part, the mean.A common noun or appellative is defined by Diogenes as part of a sentence signifying a common quality, e.g. man, horse; whereas a name is a part of speech expressing a quality peculiar to an individual, e.g. Diogenes, Socrates. A verb is, according to Diogenes, a part of speech signifying an isolated predicate, or, as others define it, an un-declined part of a sentence, signifying something that can be attached to one or more subjects, e.g. I write, I speak. A conjunction is an indeclinable part of speech, binding the various parts of a statement together; and an article is a declinable part of speech, distinguishing the genders and numbers of nouns, e.g. ὁ, ἡ, τό, οἱ, αἱ, τά. 7.70. A denial contains a negative part or particle and a predication: such as this, No one is walking. A privative proposition is one that contains a privative particle reversing the effect of a judgement, as, for example, This man is unkind. An affirmative or assertory proposition is one that consists of a noun in the nominative case and a predicate, as Dion is walking. A definitive proposition is one that consists of a demonstrative in the nominative case and a predicate, as This man is walking. An indefinitive proposition is one that consists of an indefinite word or words and a predicate, e.g. Some one is walking, or There's some one walking; He is in motion. |
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| 19. Proclus, In Platonis Cratylum Commentaria, 17 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 6 |
| 20. Cassiodorus, De Orthographia, gl 7.149.1-3, gl 7.152.16-153.6, gl 7.152.8-12 (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
| 21. Chrysippus Historicus, Fragments, 2.87, 2.204-2.205, 2.896 Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 85 |
| 22. Anon., Scholia In Dionysium Thracem [Vat.], 249.33-250.25 Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 135 |
| 24. Priscian, Gl, 2.13.8-2.13.11, 2.30.15-2.30.21 Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
| 25. Accius, Grff, 25, 24 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
| 26. Cornutus, Grfm, 16, 4 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
| 27. Augustinus, Dial., 6 Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 38 |
| 28. Apollonius Dyscolus, Conj. Gg, Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 34 |
| 29. Trypho, Fr., 131-134, 130 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 58 |
| 30. Cornutus, De Natura Deorum P., 13 Tagged with subjects: •signified semainomenon, denotatum, designatum, nominatum Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 130 |
| 31. Epicurus, Letter To Herodotus, 75-76 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 37 |
| 32. Marius Victorinus, Gl, 6.8.16 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Pezzini and Taylor,Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World (2019)" 81 |
