1. Homer, Iliad, 3.278-3.279, 5.539, 5.593, 18.535, 19.259-19.260 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 69; Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 86, 90 | 3.278. / Then in their midst Agamemnon lifted up his hands and prayed aloud:Father Zeus, that rulest from Ida, most glorious, most great, and thou Sun, that beholdest all things and hearest all things, and ye rivers and thou earth, and ye that in the world below take vengeance on men that are done with life, whosoever hath sworn a false oath; 3.279. / Then in their midst Agamemnon lifted up his hands and prayed aloud:Father Zeus, that rulest from Ida, most glorious, most great, and thou Sun, that beholdest all things and hearest all things, and ye rivers and thou earth, and ye that in the world below take vengeance on men that are done with life, whosoever hath sworn a false oath; 5.539. / son of Pergasus, whom the Trojans honoured even as the sons of Priam, for that he was swift to fight amid the foremost. Him did lord Agamemnon smite with his spear upon the shield, and this stayed not the spear, but clean through it passed the bronze, and into the lower belly he drave it through the belt; 5.593. / But Hector marked them across the ranks, and rushed upon them shouting aloud, and with him followed the strong battalions of the Trojans; and Ares led them and the queen Enyo, she bringing ruthless Din of War, while Ares wielded in his hands a monstrous spear, 18.535. / And amid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, and deadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded, another without a wound, and another she dragged dead through the mellay by the feet; and the raiment that she had about her shoulders was red with the blood of men. Even as living mortals joined they in the fray and fought; 19.259. / made prayer to Zeus; and all the Argives sat thereby in silence, hearkening as was meet unto the king. And he spake in prayer, with a look up to the wide heaven:Be Zeus my witness first, highest and best of gods, and Earth and Sun, and the Erinyes, that under earth 19.260. / take vengeance on men, whosoever hath sworn a false oath, that never laid I hand upon the girl Briseis either by way of a lover's embrace or anywise else, but she ever abode untouched in my huts. And if aught of this oath be false, may the gods give me woes |
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| 2. Theognis, Elegies, 447-449, 451-452, 757-764, 450 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 271 |
| 3. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 271 |
| 4. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 271 |
| 5. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 271 |
| 6. Pindar, Olympian Odes, 7.24-7.26 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 87 |
| 7. Aeschylus, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 88 |
| 8. Aeschylus, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 88 |
| 9. Aeschylus, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 88 |
| 10. Pindar, Fragments, 3.13 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 87 |
| 11. Pindar, Pythian Odes, 2 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 87 |
| 12. Heraclitus of Ephesus, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 270 |
13. Herodotus, Histories, 5.72 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 97 | 5.72. When Cleomenes had sent for and demanded the banishment of Cleisthenes and the Accursed, Cleisthenes himself secretly departed. Afterwards, however, Cleomenes appeared in Athens with no great force. Upon his arrival, he, in order to take away the curse, banished seven hundred Athenian families named for him by Isagoras. Having so done he next attempted to dissolve the Council, entrusting the offices of government to Isagoras' faction. ,The Council, however, resisted him, whereupon Cleomenes and Isagoras and his partisans seized the acropolis. The rest of the Athenians united and besieged them for two days. On the third day as many of them as were Lacedaemonians left the country under truce. ,The prophetic voice that Cleomenes heard accordingly had its fulfillment, for when he went up to the acropolis with the intention of taking possession of it, he approached the shrine of the goddess to address himself to her. The priestess rose up from her seat, and before he had passed through the door-way, she said, “Go back, Lacedaemonian stranger, and do not enter the holy place since it is not lawful that Dorians should pass in here. “My lady,” he answered, “I am not a Dorian, but an Achaean.” ,So without taking heed of the omen, he tried to do as he pleased and was, as I have said, then again cast out together with his Lacedaemonians. As for the rest, the Athenians imprisoned them under sentence of death. Among the prisoners was Timesitheus the Delphian, whose achievements of strength and courage were quite formidable. |
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14. Plato, Phaedrus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 70| 249b. ἀνθρώπου εἴδει ἐβίωσαν βίου. τῷ δὲ χιλιοστῷ ἀμφότεραι ἀφικνούμεναι ἐπὶ κλήρωσίν τε καὶ αἵρεσιν τοῦ δευτέρου βίου αἱροῦνται ὃν ἂν θέλῃ ἑκάστη· ἔνθα καὶ εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψυχὴ ἀφικνεῖται, καὶ ἐκ θηρίου ὅς ποτε ἄνθρωπος ἦν πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον. οὐ γὰρ ἥ γε μήποτε ἰδοῦσα τὴν ἀλήθειαν εἰς τόδε ἥξει τὸ σχῆμα. δεῖ γὰρ ἄνθρωπον συνιέναι κατʼ εἶδος λεγόμενον, ἐκ πολλῶν ἰὸν αἰσθήσεων | 249b. made light and raised up into a heavenly place by justice, live in a manner worthy of the life they led in human form. But in the thousandth year both come to draw lots and choose their second life, each choosing whatever it wishes. Then a human soul may pass into the life of a beast, and a soul which was once human, may pass again from a beast into a man. For the soul which has never seen the truth can never pass into human form. For a human being must understand a general conception formed by collecting into a unity |
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| 15. Plato, Laws, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 70 |
16. Plato, Timaeus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 70| 92c. εἰληχότων. καὶ κατὰ ταῦτα δὴ πάντα τότε καὶ νῦν διαμείβεται τὰ ζῷα εἰς ἄλληλα, νοῦ καὶ ἀνοίας ἀποβολῇ καὶ κτήσει μεταβαλλόμενα. | 92c. into one another in all these ways, as they undergo transformation by the loss or by the gain of reason and unreason. |
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| 17. Empedocles, Fragments, None (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 69 |
| 18. Plato, Republic, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 70 |
| 19. Aristoxenus, Fragments, None (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 69 |
| 20. Aeschylus of Alexandria, Fragments, None (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 88 |
| 21. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 10.9.6 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 270 |
22. Plutarch, On The Eating of Flesh I, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 84 | 996b. is no worse than he who slaughters it outright. But it seems that we are more observant of acts contrary to convention than of those that are contrary to nature. In that place, then, Imade my remarks in a popular vein. Istill hesitate, however, to attempt a discussion of the principle underlying my opinion, great as it is, and mysterious and incredible, as Plato says, with merely clever men of mortal opinions, just as a steersman hesitates to shift his course in the midst of a storm, or a playwright to raise his god from the machine in the midst of a play. Yet perhaps it is not unsuitable to set the pitch and announce the theme by quoting some verses of Empedocles. ... By these lines he means, though he does not say so directly, that human souls are imprisoned in mortal bodies as a punishment for murder, the eating of animal flesh, and cannibalism. |
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23. Plutarch, On Exilio, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 83, 84, 88 | 607c. but by coming to Thebes expatriated his 'descendant,' Euhius Dionysus, Rouser of women, Him that is adored in frenzy"? Now as to the matters at which Aeschylus hinted darkly when he said And pure Apollo, god exiled from heaven "let my lips" in the words of Herodotus "be sealed"; Empedocles, however, when beginning the presentation of his philosophy, says by way of prelude: Alaw there is, an oracle of Doom, of old enacted by the assembled gods, That if a Daemon â such as live for agesâ Defile himself with foul and sinful murder, He must for seasons thrice ten thousand roam Far from the Blest: such is the path Itread, |
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24. Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras, 36 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 69 | 36. When Pythagoras sacrificed to the Gods, he did not use offensive profusion, but offered no more than barley bread, cakes and myrrh; least of all, animals, unless perhaps cocks and pigs. When he discovered the proposition that the square on the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle was equal to the squares on the sides containing the right angle, he is said to have sacrificed an ox, although the more accurate say that this ox was made of flour. SPAN |
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25. Porphyry, On Abstinence, 1.26, 2.28 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 69 | 1.26. 26.But what would be the condition of a city, if all the citizens were of this opinion, [viz. that they should abstain from destroying animals?] For how would they repel their enemies, when they were attacked by them, if they were careful in the extreme not to kill any one of them? In this case, indeed, they must be immediately destroyed. And it would be too prolix to narrate other difficulties and inconveniences, which would necessarily take place. That it is not, however, impious to slay and feed on animals, is evident from this, that Pythagoras himself, though those prior to him permitted the athletae to drink milk, and to eat cheese, irrigated with water; but others, posterior to him, rejecting this diet, fed them with dry figs; yet he, abrogating the ancient custom, allowed them to feed on flesh, and found that such a diet greatly increased their strength. Some also relate, that the Pythagoreans themselves did not spare animals when they sacrificed to the gods. Such, therefore, are the arguments of Clodius, Heraclides Ponticus, Hermachus the Epicurean, and the Stoics and Peripatetics [against abstinence from animal food]: among which also are comprehended the arguments which were sent to us by you, O Castricius. As, however, I intend to oppose these opinions, and those of the multitude, I may reasonably premise what follows. SPAN 2.28. 28.The truth of this may also be perceived from the altar which is even now preserved about Delos, which, because no animal is brought to, or is sacrificed upon it, is called the altar of the pious. So that the inhabitants not only abstain from sacrificing animals, but they likewise conceive, that those who established, are similarly pious with those who use the altar. Hence, the Pythagoreans having adopted this mode of sacrifice, abstained from animal food through the whole of life. But when they distributed to the Gods a certain animal instead of themselves, they merely tasted of it, living in reality without touching other |61 animals. We, however, do not act after this manner; but being filled with animal diet, we have arrived at this manifold illegality in our life by slaughtering animals, and using them for food. For neither is it proper that the altars of the Gods should be defiled with murder, nor that food of this kind should be touched by men, as neither is it fit that men should eat one another; but the precept which is still preserved at Athens, should be obeyed through the whole of life. SPAN |
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| 26. Diogenes Laertius, Fragments, [G] V B, 8.12, 8.53 Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 69, 70 |
| 27. Julius Africanus, Kestoi, 79 Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 86 |
| 28. Epigraphy, Lscg, 109, 114, 110 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 97 |
| 29. Heraclitus Lesbius, Fragments, None Tagged with subjects: •sacrifice, animal, rejection of, empedocles Found in books: Petrovic and Petrovic (2016) 270 |
| 30. Philosotratus, Life of Apollonius, 1.1 Tagged with subjects: •sacrifices, empedocles on Found in books: Mikalson (2010) 70 |
