1. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 16.18 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206| 16.18. "וַיָּמֹדּוּ בָעֹמֶר וְלֹא הֶעְדִּיף הַמַּרְבֶּה וְהַמַּמְעִיט לֹא הֶחְסִיר אִישׁ לְפִי־אָכְלוֹ לָקָטוּ׃", | 16.18. "And when they did mete it with an omer, he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to his eating.", |
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| 2. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 25 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 |
| 3. Isocrates, Nicocles, 47 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 |
| 4. Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.7.16-1.7.17 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228 |
5. Xenophon, The Education of Cyrus, 1.3.18, 6.1.47 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206| 1.3.18. ἀλλʼ οὐ ταὐτά, ἔφη, ὦ παῖ, παρὰ τῷ πάππῳ καὶ ἐν Πέρσαις δίκαια ὁμολογεῖται. οὗτος μὲν γὰρ τῶν ἐν Μήδοις πάντων ἑαυτὸν δεσπότην πεποίηκεν, ἐν Πέρσαις δὲ τὸ ἴσον ἔχειν δίκαιον νομίζεται. καὶ ὁ σὸς πρῶτος πατὴρ τὰ τεταγμένα μὲν ποιεῖ τῇ πόλει, τὰ τεταγμένα δὲ λαμβάνει, μέτρον δὲ αὐτῷ οὐχ ἡ ψυχὴ ἀλλʼ ὁ νόμος ἐστίν. ὅπως οὖν μὴ ἀπολῇ μαστιγούμενος, ἐπειδὰν οἴκοι ᾖς, ἂν παρὰ τούτου μαθὼν ἥκῃς ἀντὶ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ τὸ τυραννικόν, ἐν ᾧ ἐστι τὸ πλέον οἴεσθαι χρῆναι πάντων ἔχειν. ἀλλʼ ὅ γε σὸς πατήρ, εἶπεν ὁ Κῦρος, δεινότερός ἐστιν, ὦ μῆτερ, διδάσκειν μεῖον ἢ πλέον ἔχειν· ἢ οὐχ ὁρᾷς, ἔφη, ὅτι καὶ Μήδους ἅπαντας δεδίδαχεν αὑτοῦ μεῖον ἔχειν; ὥστε θάρρει, ὡς ὅ γε σὸς πατὴρ οὔτʼ ἄλλον οὐδένα οὔτʼ ἐμὲ πλεονεκτεῖν μαθόντα ἀποπέμψει. 6.1.47. ὡς δʼ εἰδέτην ἀλλήλους ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ὁ Ἀβραδάτας, ἠσπάζοντο ἀλλήλους ὡς εἰκὸς ἐκ δυσελπίστων. ἐκ τούτου δὴ λέγει ἡ Πάνθεια τοῦ Κύρου τὴν ὁσιότητα καὶ τὴν σωφροσύνην καὶ τὴν πρὸς αὑτὴν κατοίκτισιν. ὁ δὲ Ἀβραδάτας ἀκούσας εἶπε· τί ἂν οὖν ἐγὼ ποιῶν, ὦ Πάνθεια, χάριν Κύρῳ ὑπέρ τε σοῦ καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἀποδοίην; τί δὲ ἄλλο, ἔφη ἡ Πάνθεια, ἢ πειρώμενος ὅμοιος εἶναι περὶ ἐκεῖνον οἷόσπερ ἐκεῖνος περὶ σέ; | 1.3.18. Yes, my son, said she; but at your grandfather’s Median vs. Persian ideals of justice court they do not recognize the same principles of justice as they do in Persia . For he has made himself master of everything in Media, but in Persia equality of rights is considered justice. And your father is the first one to do what is ordered by the State and to accept what is decreed, and his standard is not his will but the law. Mind, therefore, that you be not flogged within an inch of your life, when you come home, if you return with a knowledge acquired from your grandfather here of the principles not of kingship but of tyranny, one principle of which is that it is right for one to have more than all. But your father, at least, said Cyrus , is more shrewd at teaching people to have less than to have more, mother. Why, do you not see, he went on, that he has taught all the Medes to have less than himself? So never fear that your father, at any rate, will turn either me or anybody else out trained under him to have too much. 6.1.47. And when Abradatas and his wife saw each other they embraced each other with joy, as was natural, considering they had not expected ever to meet again. Thereafter Panthea told of Cyrus’s piety and self-restraint and of his compassion for her. Tell me, Panthea, said Abradatas when he heard Abradatas makes common cause with Cyrus this, what can I do to pay the debt of gratitude that you and I owe to Cyrus ? What else, pray, said Panthea, than to try to be to him what he has been to you? |
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6. Xenophon, Memoirs, 1.6.12 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228| 1.6.12. δῆλον δὴ ὅτι εἰ καὶ τὴν συνουσίαν ᾤου τινὸς ἀξίαν εἶναι, καὶ ταύτης ἂν οὐκ ἔλαττον τῆς ἀξίας ἀργύριον ἐπράττου. δίκαιος μὲν οὖν ἂν εἴης, ὅτι οὐκ ἐξαπατᾷς ἐπὶ πλεονεξίᾳ, σοφὸς δὲ οὐκ ἄν, μηδενός γε ἄξια ἐπιστάμενος. | 1.6.12. Clearly, then, if you set any value on your society, you would insist on getting the proper price for that too. It may well be that you are a just man because you do not cheat people through avarice; but wise you cannot be, since your knowledge is not worth anything. |
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| 7. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan |
| 8. Aristotle, Politics, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan |
| 9. Cicero, Letters, 32.113 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228 |
10. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 18.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 | 18.25. In the time of plenty think of the time of hunger;in the days of wealth think of poverty and need. |
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| 11. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, 12.30.3, 14.3.1 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206, 229 |
| 12. Cicero, In Verrem, 1.1.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 |
| 13. Cicero, Pro Sestio, 69.145-69.146 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228 |
| 14. Cicero, Pro Sulla, 24.67 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 |
| 15. Lucilius Gaius, Fragments, 20 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 |
| 16. Anon., Rhetorica Ad Herennium, 4.38.50 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228 |
17. Philo of Alexandria, Who Is The Heir, 191 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 | 191. Again this heavenly food of the soul which Moses calls manna, the word of God divides in equal portions among all who are to use it; taking care of equality in an extraordinary degree. And Moses bears witness to this where he says, "He who had much had not too much, and he who had but little was in no Want;" since they all used that wonderful and most desirable of proportion. On which account it happened to the Israelites to learn that each of them was collecting not more for the men who were related to him than for the reasonings and manners which were akin to him. For as much as was sufficient for each man, that he was allotted in a prudent manner, so as neither to feel any want or any superfluity. XL. |
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| 18. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 40.3.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 |
| 19. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 10.1.2 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 |
20. New Testament, Romans, 8.18, 11.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206| 8.18. Λογίζομαι γὰρ ὅτι οὐκ ἄξια τὰ παθήματα τοῦ νῦν καιροῦ πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσαν δόξαν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι εἰς ἡμᾶς. 11.5. οὕτως οὖν καὶ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ λίμμα κατʼ ἐκλογὴν χάριτος γέγονεν· | 8.18. For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which will be revealed toward us. 11.5. Even so then at this present time also there is a remt according to the election of grace. |
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21. New Testament, Mark, 6.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228| 6.10. καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς Ὅπου ἐὰν εἰσέλθητε εἰς οἰκίαν, ἐκεῖ μένετε ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε ἐκεῖθεν. | 6.10. He said to them, "Wherever you enter into a house, stay there until you depart from there. |
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22. Dio Chrysostom, Orations, 31.9-31.10 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 | 31.9. For whenever you vote a statue to anyone â and the idea of doing this comes to you now quite readily because you have an abundant supply of statues on hand â though for one thing I could not possibly criticise you, I mean for letting a little time elapse and delaying action; for, on the contrary, as soon as any person is proposed for the honour by you â presto! there he stands on a pedestal, or rather, even before the vote is taken! But what occurs is quite absurd: your chief magistrate, namely, merely points his finger at the first statue that meets his eyes of those which have already been dedicated, and then, after the inscription which was previously on it has been removed and another name engraved, the business of honouring is finished; and there you are! The man whom you have decreed to be worthy of the honour has already got his statue, and quite easily, it seems to me, and at a good bargain, when you look at the matter from this point of view â that the abundance of supply is wonderful and your business a thing to envy, if you are the only people in the world who can set up in bronze any man you wish without incurring any expense, and in fact, without either yourselves or those whom you honour putting up a single drachma. 31.10. Who, pray, from this point of view, could help admiring the cleverness of your city? But I imagine that many things in life which require both special effort and no little expense can be done without cost and quite easily, if one disregards propriety and sincerity. Take, for instance, the sacrifices which we duly offer to the gods: it is possible simply to say they have been offered without offering them, merely, if you please, putting on our wreaths and approaching the altar, and then touching the barley groats and performing all the other rites as we do in an act of worship. And here is an idea! We might lead the same sacrificial victim up to all the statues in turn: to that of Zeus, to that of Helius, to Athena's, and after pouring libations at each one, make believe that we have sacrificed to all the gods â would not that be easy? |
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23. Mishnah, Peah, 5.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229| 5.6. "הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ, הַמּוֹכֵר מֻתָּר וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ אָסוּר. לֹא יִשְׂכֹּר אָדָם אֶת הַפּוֹעֲלִים עַל מְנָת שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט בְּנוֹ אַחֲרָיו. מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחַ אֶת הָעֲנִיִּים לִלְקֹט, אוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַנִּיחַ אֶת אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לֹא, אוֹ שֶׁהוּא מְסַיֵּעַ אֶת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, הֲרֵי זֶה גּוֹזֵל אֶת הָעֲנִיִּים. עַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר (משלי כב) אַל תַּסֵּג גְּבוּל עוֹלִים: \n", | 5.6. "One who sells, the seller is permitted [to take the agricultural gifts] and the purchaser is forbidden. One may not hire a worker on the condition that the son [of the worker] should gather the gleanings after him. One who does not allow the poor to gather, or one who allows one but not another, or one who helps one of them [to gather] behold he is a robber of the poor. Concerning him it is said: “Do not remove the landmark of those that come up (olim)” (Proverbs 22:28).", |
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| 24. Statius, Siluae, 4.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 |
| 25. Seneca The Younger, De Beneficiis, 2.21.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 |
26. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 3.29-3.30 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 | 3.29. but they were enjoined to gather it equally —the measure of an omer for each one every day, because this food should not come in too small a quantity, lest the weaker might not be able to get their share, by reason of the overbearing of the strong in collecting it. 3.30. However, these strong men, when they had gathered more than the measure appointed for them, had no more than others, but only tired themselves more in gathering it, for they found no more than an omer apiece; and the advantage they got by what was superfluous was none at all, it corrupting, both by the worms breeding in it, and by its bitterness. So divine and wonderful a food was this! |
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27. Josephus Flavius, Against Apion, 1.295 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 | 1.295. Manetho says that the person who foreshowed this purgation of Egypt to the king, was Amenophis, but this man says it was Phritiphantes. As to the numbers of the multitude that were expelled, they agree exceedingly well, the former reckoning them eighty thousand, and the latter about two hundred and fifty thousand! |
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| 28. Josephus Flavius, Life, 140-143, 340, 139 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228 |
29. New Testament, Luke, 3.11, 10.5-10.8, 14.33, 18.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206, 228| 3.11. ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς Ὁ ἔχων δύο χιτῶνας μεταδότω τῷ μὴ ἔχοντι, καὶ ὁ ἔχων βρώματα ὁμοίως ποιείτω. 10.5. εἰς ἣν δʼ ἂν εἰσέλθητε οἰκίαν πρῶτον λέγετε Εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ. 10.6. καὶ ἐὰν ἐκεῖ ᾖ υἱὸς εἰρήνης, ἐπαναπαήσεται ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν· εἰ δὲ μήγε, ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἀνακάμψει. 10.7. ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ οἰκίᾳ μένετε, ἔσθοντες καὶ πίνοντες τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν, ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ. μὴ μεταβαίνετε ἐξ οἰκίας εἰς οἰκίαν. 10.8. καὶ εἰς ἣν ἂν πόλιν εἰσέρχησθε καὶ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς, 14.33. οὕτως οὖν πᾶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ὃς οὐκ ἀποτάσσεται πᾶσιν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ὑπάρχουσιν οὐ δύναται εἶναί μου μαθητής. 18.22. ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἔτι ἕν σοι λείπει· πάντα ὅσα ἔχεις πώλησον καὶ διάδος πτωχοῖς, καὶ ἕξεις θησαυρὸν ἐν [τοῖς] οὐρανοῖς, καὶ δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι. | 3.11. He answered them, "He who has two coats, let him give to him who has none. He who has food, let him do likewise." 10.5. Into whatever house you enter, first say, 'Peace be to this house.' 10.6. If a son of peace is there, your peace will rest on him; but if not, it will return to you. 10.7. Remain in that same house, eating and drinking the things they give, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Don't go from house to house. 10.8. Into whatever city you enter, and they receive you, eat the things that are set before you. 14.33. So therefore whoever of you who doesn't renounce all that he has, he can't be my disciple. 18.22. When Jesus heard these things, he said to him, "You still lack one thing. Sell all that you have, and distribute it to the poor. You will have treasure in heaven. Come, follow me." |
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| 30. Maximus of Tyre, Dialexeis, 25 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228 |
| 31. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 6.32.2 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 228 |
| 32. Hermogenes, On Issues, 48.15-48.23 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 |
| 33. Marcus Aurelius Emperor of Rome, Meditations, 1.14 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 |
| 34. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 8.1.10, 8.1.33, 8.2.65 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 206 |
| 35. Fronto, Ep. Graec., 5 Tagged with subjects: •reciprocity in ancient benefaction Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 229 |
