| 1. Ennius, Annales, 156 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 156 |
2. Polybius, Histories, 6.53.1-6.53.3, 6.53.5, 6.53.9-6.53.10, 23.16.12 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions •procession, funeral processions, roman •procession, funeral Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 157; Nuno et al. (2021), SENSORIVM: The Senses in Roman Polytheism, 42; Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 245| 6.53.1. ὅταν γὰρ μεταλλάξῃ τις παρʼ αὐτοῖς τῶν ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν, συντελουμένης τῆς ἐκφορᾶς κομίζεται μετὰ τοῦ λοιποῦ κόσμου πρὸς τοὺς καλουμένους ἐμβόλους εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν ποτὲ μὲν ἑστὼς ἐναργής, σπανίως δὲ κατακεκλιμένος. 6.53.2. πέριξ δὲ παντὸς τοῦ δήμου στάντος, ἀναβὰς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐμβόλους, ἂν μὲν υἱὸς ἐν ἡλικίᾳ καταλείπηται καὶ τύχῃ παρών, οὗτος, εἰ δὲ μή, τῶν ἄλλων εἴ τις ἀπὸ γένους ὑπάρχει, λέγει περὶ τοῦ τετελευτηκότος τὰς ἀρετὰς καὶ τὰς ἐπιτετευγμένας ἐν τῷ ζῆν πράξεις. 6.53.3. διʼ ὧν συμβαίνει τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀναμιμνησκομένους καὶ λαμβάνοντας ὑπὸ τὴν ὄψιν τὰ γεγονότα, μὴ μόνον τοὺς κεκοινωνηκότας τῶν ἔργων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἐκτός, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον γίνεσθαι συμπαθεῖς ὥστε μὴ τῶν κηδευόντων ἴδιον, ἀλλὰ κοινὸν τοῦ δήμου φαίνεσθαι τὸ σύμπτωμα. 6.53.5. ἡ δʼ εἰκών ἐστι πρόσωπον εἰς ὁμοιότητα διαφερόντως ἐξειργασμένον καὶ κατὰ τὴν πλάσιν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ὑπογραφήν. 6.53.9. καθέζονται πάντες ἑξῆς ἐπὶ δίφρων ἐλεφαντίνων. οὗ κάλλιον οὐκ εὐμαρὲς ἰδεῖν θέαμα νέῳ φιλοδόξῳ καὶ φιλαγάθῳ· 6.53.10. τὸ γὰρ τὰς τῶν ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ δεδοξασμένων ἀνδρῶν εἰκόνας ἰδεῖν ὁμοῦ πάσας οἷον εἰ ζώσας καὶ πεπνυμένας τίνʼ οὐκ ἂν παραστήσαι; τί δʼ ἂν κάλλιον 23.16.12. τῆς μὲν οὖν ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅλων διαλήψεως τὴν ἀναφορὰν ἐπὶ τὸ ἔθνος ἐποιήσατο — καὶ γὰρ ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες συνέβαινε τότε πάλιν συνάγεσθαι τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς εἰς Μεγάλην πόλιν ἐπὶ τὴν δευτέραν σύνοδον — | 6.53.1. Whenever any illustrious man dies, he is carried at his funeral into the forum to the soâcalled rostra, sometimes conspicuous in an upright posture and more rarely reclined. 6.53.2. Here with all the people standing round, a grown-up son, if he has left one who happens to be present, or if not some other relative mounts the rostra and discourses on the virtues and successful achievements of the dead. 6.53.3. As a consequence the multitude and not only those who had a part in these achievements, but those also who had none, when the facts are recalled to their minds and brought before their eyes, are moved to such sympathy that the loss seems to be not confined to the mourners, but a public one affecting the whole people. 6.53.5. This image is a mask reproducing with remarkable fidelity both the features and complexion of the deceased. 6.53.9. and when they arrive at the rostra they all seat themselves in a row on ivory chairs. There could not easily be a more ennobling spectacle for a young man who aspires to fame and virtue. 6.53.10. For who would not be inspired by the sight of the images of men renowned for their excellence, all together and as if alive and breathing? What spectacle could be more glorious than this? 23.16.12. He referred the whole question to the League â it happened that at that very time the Achaeans, as if for this very purpose, were holding their second assembly at Megalopolis â ordering those among the guilty Messenians who had actually at the time participated in the death of Philopoemen, to put an end to their own lives without delay. |
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| 3. Cicero, In Pisonem, 60 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 156 |
4. Cicero, Republic, 6.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral processions, roman Found in books: Nuno et al. (2021), SENSORIVM: The Senses in Roman Polytheism, 42| 6.10. Post autem apparatu regio accepti sermonem in multam noctem produximus, cum senex nihil nisi de Africano loqueretur omniaque eius non facta solum, sed etiam dicta meminisset. Deinde, ut cubitum discessimus, me et de via fessum, et qui ad multam noctem vigilassem, artior quam solebat somnus complexus est. Hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti; fit enim fere, ut cogitationes sermonesque nostri pariant aliquid in somno tale, quale de Homero scribit Ennius, de quo videlicet saepissime vigilans solebat cogitare et loqui) Africanus se ostendit ea forma, quae mihi ex imagine eius quam ex ipso erat notior; quem ubi agnovi, equidem cohorrui, sed ille: Ades, inquit, animo et omitte timorem, Scipio, et, quae dicam, trade memoriae. | |
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| 5. Propertius, Elegies, 2.13.19-2.13.26 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 156 |
6. Ovid, Fasti, 2.609 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral processions, roman Found in books: Nuno et al. (2021), SENSORIVM: The Senses in Roman Polytheism, 43| 2.609. ‘duc hanc ad manes; locus ille silentibus aptus. | 2.609. ‘Lead her to the shadows: that place is fitting for the silent. |
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7. Livy, History, 3.44.6, 3.48.5, 27.37.7, 27.37.11-27.37.15, 44.16.10 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 88, 156| 44.16.10. Ti. Sempronius ex ea pecunia, quae ipsi attributa erat, aedes P. Africani pone Veteres ad Vortumni signum lanienasque et tabernas coniunctas in publicum emit basilicamque faciendam curavit, | |
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8. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 29.18 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 241 | 29.18. 1. Philopoemen, the general of the Achaean League, was a man of outstanding attainments, intellectual, military, and moral alike, and his lifelong political career was irreproachable throughout. Time and again he was preferred to the office of general, and for forty years he guided the affairs of state. More than anyone else he advanced the general welfare of the Achaean confederacy, for he not only made it his policy to treat the common man kindly, but also by force of character won the esteem of the Romans. Yet in the final scene of life he found Fortune unkind. After his death, however, as if by some divine Providence he obtained honours equal to those paid the gods, in compensation for the misfortunes that attended his demise. In addition to the decrees in his honour voted by the Achaeans jointly, his native city set up an altar, (instituted) an annual sacrifice to him, and appointed hymns and praises of his exploits to be sung by the young men of the city. |
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9. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 7.17.2, 8.89.5, 9.40.3, 10.7.3, 11.28.3 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 88, 89, 157 | 7.17.2. The following night Brutus, having communicated his plan to the tribunes and having prepared a goodly number of the plebeians to support him, went down with them to the Forum; and possessing themselves before sunrise of the sanctuary of Vulcan, where the assemblies of the people were usually held, they called an assembly. When the Forum was filled (for a greater throng had assembled upon this occasion than ever before), Sicinius the tribune came forward and made a long speech against the patricians, reminding the plebeians of all they had suffered at their hands; then he told them about the day before, how he had been hindered by them from speaking and deprived of the power of his magistracy. 8.89.5. The pontiffs, having by tortures and other proofs found that the information was true, took from her head the fillets, and solemnly conducting her through the Forum, buried her alive inside the city walls. As for the two men who were convicted of violating her, they ordered them to be scourged in public and then put to death at once. Thereupon the sacrifices and the auguries became favourable, as if the gods had given up their anger against them. 9.40.3. While the commonwealth was suffering from such a calamity, information was given to the pontiffs by a slave that one of the Vestal virgins who have the care of the perpetual fire, Urbinia by name, had lost her virginity and, though unchaste, was performing the public sacrifices. The pontiffs removed her from her sacred offices, brought her to trial, and after her guilt had been clearly established, they ordered her to be scourged with rods, to be carried through the city in solemn procession and then to be buried alive. 11.28.3. Appius Claudius, the chief of the decemvirs, having seen this girl, who was now marriageable, as she was reading at the schoolmaster's (the schools for the children stood at that time near the Forum), was immediately captivated by her beauty and became still more frenzied because, already mastered by passion, he could not help passing by the school frequently. |
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| 10. Catullus, Poems, 39.1-39.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 88 |
| 11. Horace, Odes, 3.1.11 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 89 |
12. Plutarch, Numa Pompilius, 10.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 157| 10.6. αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν κολαζομένην εἰς φορεῖον ἐνθέμενοι καὶ καταστεγάσαντες ἔξωθεν καὶ καταλαβόντες ἱμᾶσιν, ὡς μηδὲ φωνὴν ἐξάκουστον γενέσθαι, κομίζουσι διʼ ἀγορᾶς, ἐξίστανται δὲ πάντες σιωπῇ καὶ παραπέμπουσιν ἄφθογγοι μετά τινος δεινῆς κατηφείας οὐδὲ ἔστιν ἕτερον θέαμα φρικτότερον, οὐδʼ ἡμέραν ἡ πόλις ἄλλην ἄγει στυγνοτέραν ἐκείνης. | 10.6. Then the culprit herself is placed on a litter, over which coverings are thrown and fastened down with cords so that not even a cry can be heard from within, and carried through the forum. All the people there silently make way for the litter, and follow it without uttering a sound, in a terrible depression of soul. No other spectacle is more appalling, nor does any other day bring more gloom to the city than this. 10.6. Then the culprit herself is placed on a litter, over which coverings are thrown and fastened down with cords so that not even a cry can be heard from within, and carried through the forum. All the people there silently make way for the litter, and follow it without uttering a sound, in a terrible depression of soul. No other spectacle is more appalling, nor does any other day bring more gloom to the city than this. |
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13. Plutarch, Philopoemen, 21.1, 21.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 241, 245| 21.1. ὡς οὖν ὁ περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς λόγος ἧκεν εἰς τοὺς Ἀχαιούς, τὰς μὲν πόλεις αὐτῶν κοινὴ κατήφεια καὶ πένθος εἶχεν, οἱ δʼ ἐν ἡλικίᾳ μετὰ τῶν προβούλων συνελθόντες εἰς Μεγάλην πόλιν οὐδʼ ἡντινοῦν ἀναβολὴν ἐποιήσαντο τῆς τιμωρίας, ἀλλʼ ἑλόμενοι στρατηγὸν Λυκόρταν εἰς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν ἐνέβαλον καὶ κακῶς ἐποίουν τὴν χώραν, ἄχρι οὗ συμφρονήσαντες ἐδέξαντο τοὺς Ἀχαιούς. 21.4. ἐκ δὲ τῶν διὰ μέσου πόλεων καὶ κωμῶν ἀπαντῶντες, ὥσπερ αὑτὸν ἀπὸ στρατείας ἐπανιόντα δεξιούμενοι, τῆς ὑδρίας ἐφήπτοντο, καὶ συμπροῆγον εἰς Μεγάλην πόλιν. ὡς οὖν συνανεμείχθησαν αὐτοῖς οἱ πρεσβύτεροι μετὰ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων, ὀλοφυρμὸς ἤδη διὰ παντὸς ἐχώρει τοῦ στρατεύματος εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἐπιποθοῦσαν τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ βαρέως φέρουσαν, οἰομένην συναποβεβληκέναι τὸ πρωτεύειν ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς. | 21.1. 21.4. |
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14. Tacitus, Annals, 3.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 157| 3.4. Dies quo reliquiae tumulo Augusti inferebantur modo per silentium vastus, modo ploratibus inquies; plena urbis itinera, conlucentes per campum Martis faces. illic miles cum armis, sine insignibus magistratus, populus per tribus concidisse rem publicam, nihil spei reliquum clamitabant, promptius apertiusque quam ut meminisse imperitantium crederes. nihil tamen Tiberium magis penetravit quam studia hominum accensa in Agrippinam, cum decus patriae, solum Augusti sanguinem, unicum antiquitatis specimen appellarent versique ad caelum ac deos integram illi subolem ac superstitem iniquorum precarentur. 3.4. Eodem anno Galliarum civitates ob magnitudinem aeris alieni rebellionem coeptavere, cuius extimulator acerrimus inter Treviros Iulius Florus, apud Aeduos Iulius Sacrovir. nobilitas ambobus et maiorum bona facta eoque Romana civitas olim data, cum id rarum nec nisi virtuti pretium esset. ii secretis conloquiis, ferocissimo quoque adsumpto aut quibus ob egestatem ac metum ex flagitiis maxima peccandi necessitudo, componunt Florus Belgas, Sacrovir propiores Gallos concire. igitur per conciliabula et coetus seditiosa disserebant de continuatione tributorum, gravitate faenoris, saevitia ac superbia praesidentium, et discordare militem audito Germanici exitio. egregium resumendae libertati tempus, si ipsi florentes quam inops Italia, quam inbellis urbana plebes, nihil validum in exercitibus nisi quod externum, cogitarent. | 3.4. The day on which the remains were consigned to the mausoleum of Augustus was alternately a desolation of silence and a turmoil of laments. The city-streets were full, the Campus Martius alight with torches. There the soldier in harness, the magistrate lacking his insignia, the burgher in his tribe, iterated the cry that "the commonwealth had fallen and hope was dead" too freely and too openly for it to be credible that they remembered their governors. Nothing, however, sank deeper into Tiberius' breast than the kindling of men's enthusiasm for Agrippina â "the glory of her country, the last scion of Augustus, the peerless pattern of ancient virtue." So they styled her; and, turning to heaven and the gods, prayed for the continuance of her issue â "and might they survive their persecutors!" |
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15. Plutarch, Coriolanus, 14.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 89| 14.1. ὀλίγου δὲ χρόνου μετῄει μὲν ὑπατείαν ὁ Μάρκιος, ἐκάμπτοντο δὲ οἱ πολλοί, καὶ τὸν δῆμον αἰδώς τις εἶχεν ἄνδρα καὶ γένει καὶ ἀρετῇ πρῶτον ἀτιμάσαι καὶ καταβαλεῖν ἐπὶ τοσούτοις καὶ τηλικούτοις εὐεργετήμασι. καὶ γὰρ ἔθος ἦν τοῖς μετιοῦσι τὴν ἀρχὴν παρακαλεῖν καὶ δεξιοῦσθαι τοὺς πολίτας ἐν ἱματίῳ κατιόντας εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν ἄνευ χιτῶνος, εἴτε μᾶλλον ἐκταπεινοῦντας ἑαυτοὺς τῷ σχήματι πρὸς τὴν δέησιν, εἴτε δεικνύντας οἷς ἦσαν ὠτειλαί προφανῆ τὰ σύμβολα τῆς ἀνδρείας. | 14.1. the multitude relented, and the people felt somewhat ashamed to slight and humble a man who was foremost in birth and valour and had performed so many and such great services. Now it was the custom with those who stood for the office to greet their fellow-citizens and solicit their votes, descending into the forum in their toga, without a tunic under it. This was either because they wished the greater humility of their garb to favour their solicitations, or because they wished to display the tokens of their bravery, in case they bore wounds. |
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| 16. Plutarch, Cato The Younger, 50.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 89 |
| 17. Plutarch, Aratus, 53 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 241 |
18. Plutarch, Mark Antony, 58.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions •procession, funeral Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 156; Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 241| 58.4. ἀλλόκοτον γὰρ ἔδοξεν εἶναι καὶ δεινόν, εὐθύνας τινὰ διδόναι ζῶντα περὶ ὧν ἐβουλήθη γενέσθαι μετὰ τὴν τελευτήν. ἐπεφύετο δὲ τῶν γεγραμμένων μάλιστα τῷ περὶ τῆς ταφῆς. ἐκέλευε γὰρ αὑτοῦ τὸ σῶμα, κἂν ἐν Ῥώμῃ τελευτήσῃ, δι’ ἀγορᾶς πομπευθὲν εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν ὡς Κλεοπάτραν ἀποσταλῆναι. | 58.4. |
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| 19. Suetonius, Iulius, 84.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 156 |
| 20. Statius, Siluae, 3.3.201 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral processions, roman Found in books: Nuno et al. (2021), SENSORIVM: The Senses in Roman Polytheism, 42 |
| 21. Philostratus The Athenian, Lives of The Sophists, 15.2, 15.565-15.566 (2nd cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 225, 248 |
| 22. Servius, Commentary On The Aeneid, 6.264 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral processions, roman Found in books: Nuno et al. (2021), SENSORIVM: The Senses in Roman Polytheism, 43 |
| 23. Epigraphy, Ig, 14, 760 Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 260 |
| 24. Paton, Sites In East Caria And South Lydia, 1 Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 260 |
| 25. Epigraphy, Ig 12.7, 239 Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 248 |
| 26. Kaibel, Epigrammata Graeca (1878), 151, 153, 231, 246, 252, 266, 282, 320, 264 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 260 |
| 28. Min. Fel., Oct., 28.3-28.4 Tagged with subjects: •burial/funeral, procession Found in books: Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022), Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas, 226 |
| 29. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Or., 12.2.8 Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 88 |
| 30. Epigraphy, Syll. , 624 Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 241 |
| 31. Epigraphy, Seg, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 241, 245, 248, 260 |
| 32. Epigraphy, Priene, 104.9-104.11, 108.366-108.377 Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 245 |
| 33. Epigraphy, Knidos, 72, 71 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 224, 248 |
| 34. Epigraphy, Lscg, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 241, 245, 248, 260 |
| 35. Epigraphy, Mama, 8.408, 8.412 Tagged with subjects: •procession, funeral Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 260 |
| 36. Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, 1.11.7 Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 156 |
| 38. Vit.Pop.Rom, Res Rust., None Tagged with subjects: •forum, funeral processions Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 88 |
