Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

³⁵² μὴ κακὰ κερδαίνειν· κακὰ κέρδεα ἶσʼ ἀάτῃσιν. ³⁵⁴ καὶ δόμεν, ὅς κεν δῷ, καὶ μὴ δόμεν, ὅς κεν μὴ δῷ. ³⁶⁶ ἐσθλὸν μὲν παρεόντος ἑλέσθαι, πῆμα δὲ θυμῷ,

³⁵² And do your best to give the gods their due
³⁵⁴ Roast for them, please them with an offering,
³⁶⁶ Near wicked neighbours. Measure carefully,

²⁶ ποιμένες ἄγραυλοι, κάκʼ ἐλέγχεα, γαστέρες οἶον, ²⁷ ἴδμεν ψεύδεα πολλὰ λέγειν ἐτύμοισιν ὁμοῖα, ²⁸ ἴδμεν δʼ, εὖτʼ ἐθέλωμεν, ἀληθέα γηρύσασθαι. ⁷⁹ Καλλιόπη θʼ· ἣ δὲ προφερεστάτη ἐστὶν ἁπασέων. ⁸⁰ ἣ γὰρ καὶ βασιλεῦσιν ἅμʼ αἰδοίοισιν ὀπηδεῖ. ⁸¹ ὅν τινα τιμήσωσι Διὸς κοῦραι μεγάλοιο, ⁸² γεινόμενόν τε ἴδωσι διοτρεφέων βασιλήων, ⁸³ τῷ μὲν ἐπὶ γλώσσῃ γλυκερὴν χείουσιν ἐέρσην, ⁸⁴ τοῦ δʼ ἔπεʼ ἐκ στόματος ῥεῖ μείλιχα· οἱ δέ τε λαοὶ, ⁸⁵ πάντες ἐς αὐτὸν ὁρῶσι διακρίνοντα θέμιστας, ⁸⁶ ἰθείῃσι δίκῃσιν· ὃ δʼ ἀσφαλέως ἀγορεύων, ⁸⁷ αἶψά κε καὶ μέγα νεῖκος ἐπισταμένως κατέπαυσεν·, ⁸⁸ τοὔνεκα γὰρ βασιλῆες ἐχέφρονες, οὕνεκα λαοῖς, ⁸⁹ βλαπτομένοις ἀγορῆφι μετάτροπα ἔργα τελεῦσι, ⁹⁰ ῥηιδίως, μαλακοῖσι παραιφάμενοι ἐπέεσσιν. ⁹¹ ἐρχόμενον δʼ ἀνʼ ἀγῶνα θεὸν ὣς ἱλάσκονται, ⁹² αἰδοῖ μειλιχίῃ, μετὰ δὲ πρέπει ἀγρομένοισιν·, ⁹³ τοίη Μουσάων ἱερὴ δόσις ἀνθρώποισιν. ⁹⁴ ἐκ γάρ τοι Μουσέων καὶ ἑκηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος, ⁹⁵ ἄνδρες ἀοιδοὶ ἔασιν ἐπὶ χθόνα καὶ κιθαρισταί, ⁹⁶ ἐκ δὲ Διὸς βασιλῆες· ὃ δʼ ὄλβιος, ὅν τινα Μοῦσαι, ⁹⁷ φίλωνται· γλυκερή οἱ ἀπὸ στόματος ῥέει αὐδή. ⁹⁸ εἰ γάρ τις καὶ πένθος ἔχων νεοκηδέι θυμῷ, ⁹⁹ ἄζηται κραδίην ἀκαχήμενος, αὐτὰρ ἀοιδὸς, ¹⁰⁰ Μουσάων θεράπων κλέεα προτέρων ἀνθρώπων ¹⁰¹ ὑμνήσῃ μάκαράς τε θεούς, οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν, ¹⁰² αἶψʼ ὅ γε δυσφροσυνέων ἐπιλήθεται οὐδέ τι κηδέων, ¹⁰³ μέμνηται· ταχέως δὲ παρέτραπε δῶρα θεάων.

²⁶ of Helicon, and in those early day, ²⁷ Those daughters of Lord Zeus proclaimed to me: ²⁸ “You who tend sheep, full of iniquity,
⁷⁹ Rose up. They to their father made their way, ⁸⁰ With lightning and with thunder holding sway, ⁸¹ In heaven, once Cronus he’d subjugated, ⁸² As to the immortals he disseminated, ⁸³ Their rights. Lord Zeus begat this company, ⁸⁴ of Muses, Thalia, Melpomene, ⁸⁵ Clio, Euterpe and Terpsichory, ⁸⁶ And Polyhymnia, Calliope, ⁸⁷ Urania, Erato: but the best, ⁸⁸ of all of them, deferred to by the rest, ⁸⁹ of all the Muses is Calliope, ⁹⁰ Because the kings blest by divinity, ⁹¹ She serves. Each god-nursed king whom they adore, ⁹² Beholding him at birth, for him they pour, ⁹³ Sweet dew upon his tongue that there may flow, ⁹⁴ Kind words from hm; thus all the people go, ⁹⁵ To see him arbitrate successfully, ⁹⁶ Their undertakings and unswervingly, ⁹⁷ End weighty arguments: thus are there found, ⁹⁸ Wise kings who in crisis turn around, ⁹⁹ The problem in assembly easily, ¹⁰⁰ Employing gentle words persuasively, ¹⁰¹ And he stood out among them. Thus were they, ¹⁰² A holy gift to me, for to this day, ¹⁰³ Through them and archer Phoebus here on earth,

τοῦ δʼ υἱεῖς ἐγένοντʼ Ἀλκμαίων Ἀμφίλοχός τε.

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^10.50 and his brother Polydeuces came to Pamphaes to receive a hospitable welcome, it is no wonder that it is innate in their race to be good athletes; since the Dioscuri, guardians of spacious Sparta, along with Hermes and Heracles, administer the flourishing institution of the games, and they care very much for just men. Indeed, the race of the gods is trustworthy. 55 Changing places in alternation, the Dioscuri spend one day beside their dear father Zeus, and the other beneath the depths of the earth in the hollows of Therapne, each fulfilling an equal destiny, since Polydeuces preferred this life to being wholly a god and living in heaven, when Castor was killed in battle. For Idas, angered for some reason about his cattle, stabbed him with the point of his bronze spear. Looking out from Taygetus, Lynceus saw them seated in the hollow of an oak; for that man had the sharpest eye of all who live on earth. He and Idas at once reached the spot with swift feet, and quickly contrived a mighty deed; 65 and these sons of Aphareus themselves suffered terribly by the devising of Zeus. For right away Polydeuces the son of Leda came in pursuit. They were stationed opposite, near the tomb of their father; from there they seized the grave-column, monument to Hades, a polished stone, and hurled it at the chest of Polydeuces. But they did not crush him, or drive him back; rushing forward with his swift javelin, 70 he drove its bronze point into the ribs of Lynceus, and Zeus hurled against Idas a fiery smoking thunderbolt. They burned together, deserted. Strife with those who are stronger is a harsh companion for men. Swiftly Polydeuces the son of Tyndareus went back to his mighty brother, and found him not yet dead, but shuddering with gasps of breath.

^1.100 I must crown that man with the horse-song in the Aeolian strain. I am convinced that there is no host in the world today who is both knowledgeable about fine things and more sovereign in power, 105 whom we shall adorn with the glorious folds of song. A god is set over your ambitions as a guardian, Hieron, and he devises with this as his concern. If he does not desert you soon, I hope that I will celebrate an even greater sweetness, 110 sped by a swift chariot, finding a helpful path of song when I come to the sunny hill of Cronus. For me the Muse tends her mightiest shaft of courage. Some men are great in one thing, others in another; but the peak of the farthest limit is for kings. Do not look beyond that! 115 May it be yours to walk on high throughout your life, and mine to associate with victors as long as I live, distinguished for my skill among Greeks everywhere.

^3.25 that the spirit of lovely-robed Coronis had caught. For she lay in the bed of a stranger who came from Arcadia; but she did not elude the watcher. Even in Pytho where sheep are sacrificed, the king of the temple happened to perceive it, Loxias, persuading his thoughts with his unerring counsellor: his mind, which knows all things. He does not grasp falsehood, and he is deceived 30 by neither god nor man, neither in deeds nor in thoughts. Knowing even then of her sleeping with Ischys, son of Elatus, and of her lawless deceit, he sent his sister, raging with irresistible force, to Lacereia, since the girl lived by the banks of Lake Boebias. 35 A contrary fortune turned her to evil and overcame her. And many neighbors shared her fate and perished with her; fire leaps from a single spark on a mountain, and destroys a great forest. But when her kinsmen had placed the girl in the wooden walls of the pyre, and the ravening flame of Hephaestus ran around it, then Apollo spoke: "I can no longer endure in my soul to destroy my own child by a most pitiful death, together with his mothers grievous suffering." So he spoke. In one step he reached the child and snatched it from the corpse; the burning fire divided its blaze for him, 45 and he bore the child away and gave him to the Magnesian Centaur to teach him to heal many painful diseases for men. And those who came to him afflicted with congenital sores, or with their limbs wounded by gray bronze or by a far-hurled stone,

αἰγίδος ἡνίοχος πολιοῦχος ̓Αθάνα, "ἥ τ ἐπιχώριος ἡμετέρα θεὸς"

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⁶⁸⁷ The maids of Delos raise their song of joy, circling round the temple gates in honor of Leto’s fair son, ⁶⁸⁸ The maids of Delos raise their song of joy, circling round the temple gates in honor of Leto’s fair son, ⁶⁸⁹ The maids of Delos raise their song of joy, circling round the temple gates in honor of Leto’s fair son, ⁶⁹⁰ the graceful dancer; so I with my old lips will cry aloud songs of joy at your palace-doors, like the swan, aged singer; for there is a good, ⁶⁹⁴ the graceful dancer; so I with my old lips will cry aloud songs of joy at your palace-doors, like the swan, aged singer; for there is a good,

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" ^1.119 Or those who teach that brave or famous or powerful men have been deified after death, and that it is these who are the real objects of the worship, prayers and adoration which we are accustomed to offer — are not they entirely devoid of all sense of religion? This theory was chiefly developed by Euhemerus, who was translated and imitated especially by our poet Ennius. Yet Euhemerus describes the death and burial of certain gods; are we then to think of him as upholding religion, or rather as utterly and entirely destroying it? I say nothing of the holy and awe‑inspiring sanctuary of Eleusis, Where tribes from earths remotest confines seek Initiation, and I pass over Samothrace and those occult mysteries Which throngs of worshippers at dead of night In forest coverts deep do celebrate at Lemnos, since such mysteries when interpreted and rationalized prove to have more to do with natural science than with theology."

^2.69 Sed cum in hominibus iuvandis aut mores spectari aut fortuna soleat, dictu quidem est proclive, itaque volgo loquuntur, se in beneficiis collocandis mores hominum, non fortunam sequi. Honesta oratio est; sed quis est tandem, qui inopis et optimi viri causae non anteponat in opera danda gratiam fortunati et potentis? a quo enim expeditior et celerior remuneratio fore videtur, in eum fere est voluntas nostra propensior. Sed animadvertendum est diligentius, quae natura rerum sit. Nimirum enim inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiamsi referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem, quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse, qui reddiderit, non habere, gratiam autem et, qui rettulerit, habere et, qui habeat, rettulisse. At qui se locupletes, honoratos, beatos putant, ii ne obligari quidem beneficio volunt; quin etiam beneficium se dedisse arbitrantur, cum ipsi quamvis magnum aliquod acceperint, atque etiam a se aut postulari aut exspectari aliquid suspicantur, patrocinio vero se usos aut clientes appellari mortis instar putant.

^2.69 Now in rendering helpful service to people, we usually consider either their character or their circumstances. And so it is an easy remark, and one commonly made, to say that in investing kindnesses we look not to peoples outward circumstances, but to their character. The phrase is admirable! But who is there, pray, that does not in performing a service set the favour of a rich and influential man above the cause of a poor, though most worthy, person? For, as a rule, our will is more inclined to the one from whom we expect a prompter and speedier return. But we should observe more carefully how the matter really stands: the poor man of whom we spoke cannot return a favour in kind, of course, but if he is a good man he can do it at least in thankfulness of heart. As someone has happily said, "Aman has not repaid money, if he still has it; if he has repaid it, he has ceased to have it. But a man still has the sense of favour, if he has returned the favour; and if he has the sense of the favour, he has repaid it." On the other hand, they who consider themselves wealthy, honoured, the favourites of fortune, do not wish even to be put under obligations by our kind services. Why, they actually think that they have conferred a favour by accepting one, however great; and they even suspect that a claim is thereby set up against them or that something is expected in return. Nay more, it is bitter as death to them to have accepted a patron or to be called clients. <

¹⁹ I built the Senate House, and the Chalcidicum adjacent to it, the temple of Apollo on the Palatine with its porticoes, the temple of the divine Julius, the Lupercal, the portico at the Flaminian circus, which I permitted to bear the name of the portico of Octavius after the man who erected the previous portico on the same site, a pulvinar at the Circus Maximus, (2) the temples on the Capitol of Jupiter Feretrius and Jupiter the Thunderer, the temple of Quirinus, the temples of Minerva and Queen Juno and Jupiter Libertas on the Aventine, the temple of the Lares at the top of the Sacred Way, the temple of the Di Penates in the Velia, the temple of Youth, and the temple of the Great Mother on the Palatine.
²² I gave three gladiatorial games in my own name and five in that of my sons or grandsons; at these games some 10,000 men took part in combat. Twice in my own name and a third time in that of my grandson I presented to the people displays by athletes summoned from all parts. 2 I produced shows in my own name four times and in place of other magistrates twenty-three times. On behalf of the college of quindecimviri, as its president, with Marcus Agrippa as colleague, I produced the Secular Games in the consulship of Gaius Furnius and Gaius Silanus 17 BC. In my thirteenth consulship 2 BC I was the first to produce the games of Mars, which thereafter in each succeeding year have been produced by the consuls in accordance with a decree of the senate and by statute. 3 I gave beast-hunts of African beasts in my own name or in that of my sons and grandsons in the circus or forum or amphitheater on twenty-six occasions, on which about 3,500 beasts were destroyed. ²³ I produced a naval battle as a show for the people at the place across the Tiber now occupied by the grove of the Caesars, where a site 1,800 feet long and 1,200 broad was excavated. There thirty beaked triremes or biremes and still more smaller vessels were joined in battle. About 3,000 men, besides the rowers, fought in these fleets.
³⁴ In my sixth and seventh consulships, after I had extinguished civil wars, and at a time when with universal consent I was in complete control of affairs, I transferred the republic from my power to the dominion of the senate and people of Rome. 2 For this service of mine I was named Augustus by decree of the senate, and the door-posts of my house were publicly wreathed with bay leaves and a civic crown was fixed over my door and a golden shield was set in the Curia Julia, which, as attested by the inscription thereon, was given me by the senate and people of Rome on account of my courage, clemency, justice and piety. 3 After this time I excelled all in influence auctoritas, although I possessed no more official power potestas than others who were my colleagues in the several magistracies.

⁶¹ of Helicon-hill, O Thou that be,Haunter, Urania s progeny,Who hurriest soft virginity,To man, 0 Hymenaeus Hymen,0 Hymen Hymenaeus.About thy temples bind the bloom,of Marjoram flowret scented sweet;Take flamey veil: glad hither come,Come hither borne by snow-hued feet,Wearing the saffrond sock.And, roused by day of joyful cheer,Carolling nuptial lays and chaunts,With voice as silver ringing clear,Beat ground with feet, while brandisht flaunts,Thy hand the piney torch.For Vinia comes by Manlius wood,As Venus on th Idalian crest,Before the Phrygian judge she stood,And now with blessed omens blest,The maid is here to wed.A maiden shining bright of blee,As Myrtle branchlet Asia bred,Which Hamadryad deity,As toy for joyance aye befed,With humour of the dew.Then hither come thou, hieing lief,Awhile to leave th Aonian cave,Where neath the rocky Thespian cliff,Nymph Aganippe loves to lave,In cooly waves outpoured.And call the house-bride, homewards bring,Maid yearning for new married fere,Her mind with fondness manacling,As the tough ivy here and there,Errant the tree enwinds.And likewise ye, clean virginal,Maidens, to whom shall haps befall,Like day, in measure join ye all,Singing, 0 Hymenaeus Hymen,0 Hymen Hymenaeus.That with more will-full will a-hearing,The call to office due, he would,Turn footsteps hither, here appearing,Guide to good Venus , and the good,Lover conjoining strait.What God than other Godheads more,Must love-sick wights for aid implore?Whose Godhead foremost shall adore,Mankind? 0 Hymenaeus Hymen,O Hymen Hymenaeus.Thee for his own the trembling sire,Invokes, thee Virgins ever sue,Who laps of zone to loose aspire,And thee the bashful bridegrooms woo,With ears that long to hear.Thou to the hand of love-fierce swain,Deliverest maiden fair and fain,From mothers fondling bosom taen,Perforce, 0 Hymenaeus Hymen,0 Hymen Hymenaeus.Thou lacking, Venus neer avails—,While Fame approves for honesty—,Love-joys to lavish: neer she fails,Thou willing:—with such Deity,Whoeer shall dare compare?Thou wanting, never son and heir,The Hearth can bear, nor parents be,By issue girt, yet can it bear,Thou willing:—with such Deity,Whoeer shall dare compare?An lack a land thy sacring rite,The perfect rule we neer shall see,Reach Earths far bourne; yet such we sight,Thou willing:—with such Deity,Whoeer shall dare compare?Your folds ye gateways wide-ope swing!The maiden comes. Seest not the sheen,of links their splendent tresses fling?Let shame retard the modest mien.Who more she hears us weeps the more,That needs she must advance.Cease raining tear-drops! not for thee,Aurunculeia, risk we deem,That fairer femininety,Clear day outdawned from Ocean stream,Shall ever more behold.Such in the many-tinted bower,of rich mans garden passing gay,Upstands the hyacinthine flower.But thou delayest, wanes the day:“Prithee, come forth new Bride.”,Prithee, come forth new Bride! methinks,Drawing in sight, the talk we hold,Thou haply hearest. See the Links!How shake their locks begilt with gold:Prithee, new Bride come forth.Not lightly given thy mate to ill,Joys and adulterous delights,Foul fleshly pleasures seeking still,Shall ever choose he lie o nights,Far from thy tender paps.But as with pliant shoots the vine,Round nearest tree-trunk winds her way,He shall be ever twined in thine,Embraces:— yet, lo! wanes the day:Prithee, come forth new Bride!Couchlet which to me and all,With bright white bedstead foot.What joys the lord of thee betide!What love-liesse on vaguing way,0 nights! What sweets in morning tide,For thee be stored! Yet wanes the day:Prithee, come forth fresh Bride!Your lighted links, 0 boys, wave high:I see the flamey veil draw nigh:Hie, sing in merry mode and cry,"0 Hymen Hymenaeus io,0 Hymen Hymenaeus!",Lest longer mute tongue stays that joys,In festal jest, from Fescennine,Nor yet denay their nuts to boys,He-Concubine! who learns in fine,His lordlings love is fled.Throw nuts to boys thou idle all,He-Concubine! wast fain full long,With nuts to play: now pleased as thrall,Be thou to swell Talasios throng:He-Concubine throw nuts.Wont thou at peasant-girls to jape,He-whore! Thy Lords delight the while:Now shall hair-curling chattel scrape,Thy cheeks: poor wretch, ah! poor and vile:—,He-Concubine, throw nuts.Tis said from smooth-faced ingle train,(Anointed bridegroom!) hardly fain,Hast eer refrained; now do refrain!O Hymen Hymenaeus io,O Hymen Hymenaeus!We know that naught save licit rites,Be known to thee, but wedded wights,No more deem lawful such delights.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,O Hymen Hymenaeus.Thou too, 0 Bride, whatever dare,Thy groom, of coy rebuff beware,Lest he to find elsewhither fare.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,O Hymen Hymenaeus.Lo! here the house of high degree,Thy husbands puissant home to be,Which ever shall obey thy gree.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,O Hymen Hymenaeus!Till Time betide when eld the hoar,Thy head and temples trembling oer,Make nod to all things evermore.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,0 Hymen Hymenaeus.Oerstep with omen meetest meet,The threshold-stone thy golden feet,Up, past the polisht panels fleet.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,O Hymen Hymerneus.Within bestrewn thy bridegroom see,On couch of Tyrian cramoisy,All imminent awaiting thee.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,O Hymen Hymenaeus.For in his breast not less than thine,Burn high the flames that deepest shrine,Yet his the lowe far deeper lien.O Hymen Hymemeus io,O Hymen Hymenaeus.Let fall the maids soft arms, thou fair,Boy purple-hemd: now be thy care,Her bridegrooms couch she seek and share.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,0 Hymen Hymenaeus.Ye wives time-tried to husbands wed,Well-known for chastity inbred,Dispose the virginette a-bed.O Hymen Hymenaeus io,0 Hymen Hymenaeus.Groom, now tis meet thou hither pace,With bride in genial bed to blend,For sheenly shines her flowery face,Where the white chamomiles contend,With poppies blushing red.Yet bridegroom (So may Godhead deign,Help me!) nowise in humbler way,Art fair, nor Venus shall disdain,Thy charms, but look! how wanes the day:Forward, nor loiter more!No longer loitering makest thou,Now comest thou. May Venus good,Aid thee when frankly takest thou,Thy wishes won, nor true Love wood,Thou carest to conceal.of Africs wolds and wilds each grain,Or constellations glistening,First reckon he that of the twain,To count alone were fain to bring,The many thousand joys.Play as ye please: soon prove ye deft,At babying babes,—twere ill designd,A name thus ancient should be left,Heirless, but issue like of kind,Engendered aye should be.A wee Torquaitus fain Id see,Encradled on his mothers breast,Put forth his tender puds while he,Smiles to his sire with sweetest gest,And liplets half apart.Let son like fathers semblance show,( Manlius !) so with easy guess,All know him where his sire they know,And still his face and form express,His mothers honest love.Approve shall fair approof his birth,From mothers seed-stock generous,As rarest fame of mothers worth,Unique exalts Telemachus,Penelopes own son.Fast close the door-leaves, virgin band:Enow weve played. But ye the fair,New-wedded twain live happy, and,Functions of lusty married pair,Exercise sans surcease.

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^3.4 TEMPER POWER WITH WISDOM O royal Calliope, come from heaven, and play a lengthy melody on the flute, or, if you prefer, use your clear voice, or pluck at the strings of Apollo’s lute. Do you hear her, or does some lovely fancy toy with me? I hear, and seem to wander, now, through the sacred groves, where delightful waters steal, where delightful breezes stray. In my childhood, once, on pathless Vultur’s slopes, beyond the bounds of nurturing Apulia, exhausted with my play and weariness, the fabled doves covered me with new leaves, which was a wonder to everyone who holds Acherontia’s high nest, and Bantia’s woodland pastures, and the rich meadows of low-lying Forentum, since I slept safe from the bears and from the dark vipers, the sacred laurel and the gathered myrtle spread above me, a courageous child, though it was thanks to the power of the gods. Yours Muses, yours, I climb the high Sabine Hills, or I’m carried off to my cool Praeneste, to the slopes of Tibur, if I please, or the cloudless loveliness of Baiae. A friend of your sacred fountains and your choirs, the rout of the army at Philippifailed to kill me, and that accursed tree, and Palinurus’ Sicilian Sea. Whenever you are with me, as a sailor I’ll attempt the raging Bosphorus, or be a traveller in the burning sands of the Syrian shore: as a stranger I’ll see the fierce inhospitable Britons, the Spaniards that love drinking horses’ blood, I’ll see the quiver-bearing Thracians, and, unharmed, visit the Scythian stream. It’s you then who refresh our noble Caesar, in your Pierian caves, when he’s settled his weary troops in all the cities, and he’s ready to complete his labours. You give calm advice, and you delight in that giving, kindly ones. We know how the evil Titans, how their savage supporters were struck down by the lightning from above, by him who rules the silent earth, the stormy sea, the cities, and the kingdoms of darkness, alone, in imperial justice, commanding the gods and the mortal crowd. Great terror was visited on Jupiterby all those bold warriors bristling with hands, and by the brothers who tried to set Pelion on shadowy Olympus. But what power could Giant Typhoeus have, or mighty Mimas, or that Porphyrionwith his menacing stance, Rhoetus, or Enceladus, audacious hurler of uprooted trees, against the bronze breastplate, Minerva’s aegis? On one side stood eager Vulcan, on the other maternal Juno, and Apollo of Pateraand Delos, who is never without the bow on his shoulder, who bathes his flowing hair in Castalia’s pure dew, who holds the forests, and thickets of Lycia. Power without wisdom falls by its own weight: The gods themselves advance temperate power: and likewise hate force that, with its whole consciousness, is intent on wickedness. Let hundred-handed Gyas be the witness to my statement: Orion too, well-known as chaste Dian’s attacker, and tamed by the arrows of the virgin goddess. Earth, heaped above her monstrous children, laments and grieves for her offspring, hurled down to murky Orcus by the lightning bolt: The swift fires have not yet eaten Aetna, set there, nor the vultures ceased tearing at the liver of intemperate Tityus, those guardians placed over his sin: and three hundred chains hold the amorous Pirithous fast.

^1.1 BOOK I EPISTLE I – INTRODUCTION – TO MAECENAS You, Maecenas, of whom my first Muse told, of whom my Last shall tell, seek to trap me in the old game again, Though I’m proven enough, and I’ve won my discharge. My age, spirit are not what they were. Veianius Hangs his weapons on Hercules’ door, stops pleading to The crowd for his life, from the sand, by hiding himself In the country. A voice always rings clear in my ear: ‘While you’ve time, be wise, turn loose the ageing horse, Lest he stumbles, broken winded, jeered, at the end.’ So now I’m setting aside my verse, and other tricks: My quest and care is what’s right and true, I’m absorbed In it wholly: I gather, then store for later use. In case you ask who’s my master, what roof protects me, I’m not bound to swear by anyone’s precepts, I’m carried, a guest, wherever the storm-wind blows me. Now I seek action, and plunge in the civic tide, The guardian, and stern attendant of true virtue: Now I slip back privately to Aristippus’ precepts, Trying to bend world to self, and not self to world.As the night is long to a man whose mistress plays false, And the day is long to those bound to work, as the year Drags for orphans oppressed by matron’s strict custody: So those hours flow slowly and thanklessly for me That hinder my hopes and plans of pursuing closely That which benefits rich and poor alike, that which Neglected causes harm equally to young and old. It’s for me to guide and console myself by rule. You mightn’t be able to match Lynceus’ eyesight, But you wouldn’t not bathe your eyes if they were sore: And just because you can’t hope to have Glycon’s peerless Physique, you’d still want your body free of knotty gout. We should go as far as we can if we can’t go further. Is your mind fevered with greed and wretched desire: There are words and cries with which to ease the pain, And you can rid yourself of the worst of your sickness. Are you swollen with love of glory: then certain rites Renew you, purely if you read the page three times. Envious, irascible, idle, drunken, lustful, No man’s so savage he can’t be civilised, If he’ll attend patiently to self-cultivation.Virtue is to flee vice, and wisdoms’ beginning is Freedom from foolishness. See all your anxious thoughts And risks to avoid what you deem the worst of evils, Too meagre a fortune, some shameful lost election: Eager for trade you dash off to farthest India, Avoiding poverty with seas, shoals and flames: Why not listen to, learn to trust, one wiser than yourself, Cease to care for what you foolishly gaze at and crave? What wrestler at village crossroads and country fairs Would refuse the crown at mighty Olympia, Given the hope, the prize of a dust-free victor’s palm? Silver’s worth less than gold, gold’s worth less than virtue. ‘Citizens, O Citizens, first you must search for wealth, Cash before virtue!’ So Janus’ arcade proclaims From end to end, this saying old and young recite Slate and satchel slung over their left shoulders. You’ve a mind, character, eloquence, honour, but wait: You’re a few thousand short of the needed four hundred: You’ll be a pleb. Yet boys, playing, sing: ‘You’ll be king If you act rightly.’ Let that be your wall of bronze, To be free of guilt, with no wrongs to cause you pallor. Tell me, please, what’s better, a Roscian privilege, Or the children’s rhyme of a kingdom for doing right, Sung once by real men like Curius and Camillus? Is he better for you who tells you: ‘Make cash, Honest cash if you can, if not, cash by any means,’ Just for a closer view of Pupius’ sad plays, Or he who in person exhorts and equips you To stand free and erect, defying fierce Fortune?And if the people of Rome chanced to ask me why I delight in the same colonnades as them, yet not The same opinions, nor follow or flee what they love Or hate, I’d reply as the wary fox once responded to The sick lion: ‘Because those tracks I can see scare me, They all lead towards your den, and none lead away.’ You’re a many-headed monster. What should I follow Or whom? Some are eager for civil contracts: some Hunt wealthy widows with fruits and titbits, or catch Old men in nets to stock their reserves. With many Interest quietly adds to their wealth. Accepting that Different men have differing aims and inclinations, Yet can the same man bear the same liking for an hour? ‘No bay in the world outshines delightful Baiae,’ If that’s what the rich man cries, lake and sea suffer The master’s swift attention: but if some decadent Whim gives him the signal, it’s: ‘Tomorrow, you workmen Haul your gear to Teanum!’ Does the Genius guard His marriage bed in the hall: he says nothing’s finer, Nothing outdoes the single life: if not he swears only Marriage can suit. What knot holds this shifting Proteus? And the pauper? You laugh! He changes his garret, His bed, his barber, his bath, hires a boat and is just As sick as the millionaire sailing his private yacht. If some ham-fisted barber has cropped my hair and I Meet you, you laugh: if I happen to wear a tired shirt Under my tunic, or my toga sits poorly, all Awry, you laugh: yet if my judgement contends With itself, spurns what it craved, seeks what it just put down, Wavers, inconsistently, in all of life’s affairs, Razing, re-building, and altering round to square: You consider my madness normal, don’t laugh at all, Don’t think I need the doctor, or a legal guardian The praetor appoints, given you, in charge of all My affairs, are annoyed by a badly-trimmed nail of this friend who looks to you, hangs on your every word. In sum: the wise man is second only to Jove, Rich, free, handsome, honoured, truly a king of kings, Sane, above all, sound, unless he’s a cold in the head!
^1.7 EPISTLE VII – A REPLY – TO MAECENAS I promised I’d only stay a week in the country, I’m a liar, I’ve been missing all August. And yet If you want me sound and in good health, Maecenas, As you indulge me when I’m ill, you’ll indulge me When I fear illness, when heat and the early figs Honour the undertaker with dark attendants, When pale fathers, fond mothers, fear for their children, When dutiful zeal, the petty affairs of the Forum, Bring on feverish bouts, break open sealed wills. And if winter blankets the Alban fields in snow Your poet will head for the sea, take care of himself, Curl up and read: and, dear friend, if you’ll allow him, He’ll see you again, with the breeze and the first swallow. You’ve made me wealthy, not like a Calabrian host Inviting one to try those pears: ‘Please, eat some.’ ‘I’m full.’ ‘Well take them with you, as many as you like.’ ‘Too kind.’ ‘They’ll be welcome if you take them for your little boys.’ ‘I’m as grateful as if I’d been sent away weighed down.’ ‘As you wish: you’re leaving them for the pigs’ to guzzle.’ Lavish fools make gifts of what they despise and dislike: They yield, and will forever yield, a crop of ingratitude. The wise, and good, will stand ready to help the worthy, While always knowing how real and false coins differ. I’ll show myself worthy too, of your praiseworthy deed. But if you wish me never to leave your side, you’ll need To grant me strong lungs again, those black curls that hide The brow: restore sweet conversation, graceful laughter, Laments over the wine about pert Cinara’s flight.A slim little fox once crept through a narrow gap Into a corn bin, and after eating the vermin, Tried, in vain, to get free, his belly swollen. ‘If you,’ Said a weasel nearby, ‘desire to escape from there, Return, lean, to the tiny gap, the lean ‘you’ slipped through.’ If I’m reproached with this tale, I’ll renounce all I have: I don’t praise the poor man’s rest when I’m glutted on fowl, Yet wouldn’t lose freedom and peace for Arabia’s wealth. You’ve often praised reticence, well the ‘king’ and ‘father’ You’ve heard to your face, is no less true when far off. Try me, and see if I could cheerfully return your gifts. Telemachus, long-suffering Ulysses’ son, gave No bad answer: ‘Ithaca’s no fit place for horses, It hasn’t the wide, flat plains, it isn’t rich in grasses: Son of Atreus, I refuse gifts fitter for you.’ Less for the lesser: not royal Rome, but TiburThe free, or peaceful Tarentum, please me now.Philippus the famous lawyer, one both resolute And energetic, was heading home from work, at two, And complaining, at his age, about the Carinae Being so far from the Forum, when he noticed, A close-shaven man, it’s said, in an empty barber’s Booth, penknife in hand, quietly cleaning his nails. ‘Demetrius,’ (a boy not slow to obey his master’s Orders) ‘go and discover where that man hails from, Who he is, his standing, his father or his patron.’ off he goes, and returns to say the man’s VolteiusMena, a respectable auctioneer, not wealthy, Knowing his time to work or rest, earn or spend, Taking pleasure in humble friends and his own home, And sport, and the Campus when business was over. ‘I’d like to hear all that from his own lips: invite him To dinner.’ Mena can scarcely believe it, pondering In silence. To be brief, he replies: ‘No thank you.’ ‘Does he refuse?’ ‘The rascal has refused, he’s either Insulting you or afraid.’ Next morning, PhilippusFinds Volteius selling cheap goods to working folk, And gives him a greeting. He offers business Commitments and work as his excuse to PhilippusFor not having come to his house that morning, in short For not paying his respects. ‘Consider yourself Forgiven, so long as you dine with me today.’ ‘As you wish.’ ‘Come after nine then: now work, increase Your wealth.’ At dinner he chattered unguardedly And then was packed off home to bed. After that he was often seen to race like a fish to the baited hook, A dawn attendant, a constant guest, so was summoned To visit the country estate when the Latin games Were called. Pulled by the ponies he never stops praising The Sabine soil and skies. Philippus watches and smiles, And seeking light relief and laughter from any source, Gives him seven thousand sesterces, offers a loan of seven more, and persuades him to buy a small farm. He buys it. Not to bore you with an over-long, rambling Tale, the city-dweller turns rustic, rattling on about Furrows, and vineyards, stringing his elm-trees, killing Himself with zeal, aged by his passion for yields. But after his sheep are lost to theft, goats to disease The crops have failed, the ox is broken by ploughing, Pricked by his losses, in the depths of night, he grabs His horse, and rides to Philippus’ house in a rage. When Philippus sees him, wild and unshaven, he cries: ‘Volteius, you look rough, and seem to be sorely tried.’ ‘Truly, patron, call me a miserable wretch,’ he said, ‘If you want to call me by my true name. I beg you, Implore you, by your guardian spirit, your own right hand, Your household gods, give me back the life I once had!’ When a man sees by how much what he’s left surpasses What he sought, he should swiftly return to what he lost. Every man should measure himself by his own rule.
^2.1.245 But your judgement’s not discredited by your beloved Virgil and Varius, nor by the gifts your poets Receive, that redound to your credit, while features Are expressed no more vividly by a bronze statue, Than the spirit and character of famous heroes By the poet’s work. Rather than my earthbound pieces I’d prefer to compose tales of great deeds, Describe the contours of land and river, forts built On mountains, and barbarous kingdoms, of the end of all war, throughout the world, by your command, of the iron bars that enclose Janus, guardian of peace, of Rome, the terror of the Parthians, ruled by you, If I could do as much as I long to: but your greatness Admits of no lowly song, nor does my modesty Dare to attempt a task my powers cannot sustain. It’s a foolish zealousness that vexes those it loves, Above all when it commits itself to the art of verse: Men remember more quickly, with greater readiness, Things they deride, than those they approve and respect. I don’t want oppressive attention, nor to be shown Somewhere as a face moulded, more badly, in wax, Nor to be praised in ill-made verses, lest I’m forced To blush at the gift’s crudity, and then, deceased, In a closed box, be carried down, next to ‘my’ poet, To the street where they sell incense, perfumes, pepper, And whatever else is wrapped in redundant paper.

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Si me non veterum commendant magna parentum, Nomina, si nostri sanguinis auctor eques, At Phoebus comitesque novem vitisque repertor, Hac faciunt, et me qui tibi donat, Amor, Et nulli cessura fides, sine crimine mores, Nudaque simplicitas purpureusque pudor.

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^5.80 prima sui coepit Calliopea chori:

^5.80 Unkempt and wreathed with ivy, began to speak:

^15.861 Di, precor, Aeneae comites, quibus ensis et ignis, ^15.862 cesserunt, dique Indigetes genitorque Quirine, ^15.863 urbis et invicti genitor Gradive Quirini, ^15.864 Vestaque Caesareos inter sacrata penates, ^15.865 et cum Caesarea tu, Phoebe domestice, Vesta, ^15.866 quique tenes altus Tarpeias Iuppiter arces, ^15.868 tarda sit illa dies et nostro serior aevo, ^15.869 qua caput Augustum, quem temperat, orbe relicto, ^15.870 accedat caelo faveatque precantibus absens! quosque alios vati fas appellare piumque est:

^15.861 in homage to you, Cippus, and your horns. ^15.862 But you must promptly put aside delay; ^15.863 hasten to enter the wide open gates—, ^15.864 the fates command you. Once received within, ^15.865 the city, you shall be its chosen king, ^15.866 and safely shall enjoy a lasting reign.”, " ^15.868 eyes from the citys walls and said, “O far,", ^15.869 O far away, the righteous gods should drive, ^15.870 uch omens from me! Better it would be,

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"
^13.1.54 From Scepsis came the Socratic philosophers Erastus and Coriscus and Neleus the son of Coriscus, this last a man who not only was a pupil of Aristotle and Theophrastus, but also inherited the library of Theophrastus, which included that of Aristotle. At any rate, Aristotle bequeathed his own library to Theophrastus, to whom he also left his school; and he is the first man, so far as I know, to have collected books and to have taught the kings in Egypt how to arrange a library. Theophrastus bequeathed it to Neleus; and Neleus took it to Scepsis and bequeathed it to his heirs, ordinary people, who kept the books locked up and not even carefully stored. But when they heard bow zealously the Attalic kings to whom the city was subject were searching for books to build up the library in Pergamum, they hid their books underground in a kind of trench. But much later, when the books had been damaged by moisture and moths, their descendants sold them to Apellicon of Teos for a large sum of money, both the books of Aristotle and those of Theophrastus. But Apellicon was a bibliophile rather than a philosopher; and therefore, seeking a restoration of the parts that had been eaten through, he made new copies of the text, filling up the gaps incorrectly, and published the books full of errors. The result was that the earlier school of Peripatetics who came after Theophrastus had no books at all, with the exception of only a few, mostly exoteric works, and were therefore able to philosophize about nothing in a practical way, but only to talk bombast about commonplace propositions, whereas the later school, from the time the books in question appeared, though better able to philosophise and Aristotelise, were forced to call most of their statements probabilities, because of the large number of errors. Rome also contributed much to this; for, immediately after the death of Apellicon, Sulla, who had captured Athens, carried off Apellicons library to Rome, where Tyrannion the grammarian, who was fond of Aristotle, got it in his hands by paying court to the librarian, as did also certain booksellers who used bad copyists and would not collate the texts — a thing that also takes place in the case of the other books that are copied for selling, both here and at Alexandria. However, this is enough about these men.",
^14.1.48 Famous men born at Nysa are: Apollonius the Stoic philosopher, best of the disciples of Panaetius; and Menecrates, pupil of Aristarchus; and Aristodemus, his son, whose entire course, in his extreme old age, I in my youth took at Nysa; and Sostratus, the brother of Aristodemus, and another Aristodemus, his cousin, who trained Pompey the Great, proved themselves notable grammarians. But my teacher also taught rhetoric and had two schools, both in Rhodes and in his native land, teaching rhetoric in the morning and grammar in the evening; at Rome, however, when he was in charge of the children of Pompey the Great, he was content with the teaching of grammar.
^14.5.4 Then one comes to Holmi, where the present Seleuceians formerly lived; but when Seleucia on the Calycadnus was founded, they migrated there; for immediately on doubling the shore, which forms a promontory called Sarpedon, one comes to the outlet of the Calycadnus. Near the Calycadnus is also Zephyrium, likewise a promontory. The river affords a voyage inland to Seleucia, a city which is well-peopled and stands far aloof from the Cilician and Pamphylian usages. Here were born in my time noteworthy men of the Peripatetic sect of philosophers, Athenaeus and Xenarchus. of these, Athenaeus engaged also in affairs of state and was for a time leader of the people in his native land; and then, having fallen into a friendship with Murena, he was captured along with Murena when in flight with him, after the plot against Augustus Caesar had been detected, but, being clearly proven guiltless, he was released by Caesar. And when, on his return to Rome, the first men who met him were greeting him and questioning him, he repeated the following from Euripides: I am come, having left the vaults of the dead and the gates of darkness. But he survived his return only a short time, having been killed in the collapse, which took place in the night, of the house in which he lived. Xenarchus, however, of whom I was a pupil, did not tarry long at home, but resided at Alexandria and at Athens and finally at Rome, having chosen the life of a teacher; and having enjoyed the friendship both of Areius and of Augustus Caesar, he continued to be held in honor down to old age; but shortly before the end he lost his sight, and then died of a disease.
^14.5.13 The people at Tarsus have devoted themselves so eagerly, not only to philosophy, but also to the whole round of education in general, that they have surpassed Athens, Alexandria, or any other place that can be named where there have been schools and lectures of philosophers. But it is so different from other cities that there the men who are fond of learning, are all natives, and foreigners are not inclined to sojourn there; neither do these natives stay there, but they complete their education abroad; and when they have completed it they are pleased to live abroad, and but few go back home. But the opposite is the case with the other cities which I have just mentioned except Alexandria; for many resort to them and pass time there with pleasure, but you would not see many of the natives either resorting to places outside their country through love of learning or eager about pursuing learning at home. With the Alexandrians, however, both things take place, for they admit many foreigners and also send not a few of their own citizens abroad. Further, the city of Tarsus has all kinds of schools of rhetoric; and in general it not only has a flourishing population but also is most powerful, thus keeping up the reputation of the mother-city. " ^14.5.14 The following men were natives of Tarsus: among the Stoics, Antipater and Archedemus and Nestor; and also the two Athenodoruses, one of whom, called Cordylion, lived with Marcus Cato and died at his house; and the other, the son of Sandon, called Caites after some village, was Caesars teacher and was greatly honored by him; and when he returned to his native land, now an old man, he broke up the government there established, which was being badly conducted by Boethus, among others, who was a bad poet and a bad citizen, having prevailed there by currying the favour of the people. He had been raised to prominence by Antony, who at the outset received favorably the poem which he had written upon the victory at Philippi, but still more by that facility prevalent among the Tarsians whereby he could instantly speak offhand and unceasingly on any given subject. Furthermore, Antony promised the Tarsians an office of gymnasiarch, but appointed Boethus instead of a gymnasiarch, and entrusted to him the expenditures. But Boethus was caught secreting, among other things, the olive-oil; and when he was being proven guilty by his accusers in the presence of Antony he deprecated Antonys wrath, saying, among other things, that Just as Homer had hymned the praises of Achilles and Agamemnon and Odysseus, so I have hymned thine. It is not right, therefore, that I should be brought before you on such slanderous charges. When, however, the accuser caught the statement, he said, Yes, but Homer did not steal Agamemnons oil, nor yet that of Achilles, but you did; and therefore you shall be punished. However, he broke the wrath of Antony by courteous attentions, and no less than before kept on plundering the city until the overthrow of Antony. Finding the city in this plight, Athenodorus for a time tried to induce both Boethus and his partisans to change their course; but since they would abstain from no act of insolence, he used the authority given him by Caesar, condemned them to exile, and expelled them. These at first indicted him with the following inscription on the walls: Work for young men, counsels for the middle-aged, and flatulence for old men; and when he, taking the inscription as a joke, ordered the following words to be inscribed beside it, thunder for old men, someone, contemptuous of all decency and afflicted with looseness of the bowels, profusely bespattered the door and wall of Athenodorus house as he was passing by it at night. Athenodorus, while bringing accusations in the assembly against the faction, said: One may see the sickly plight and the disaffection of the city in many ways, and in particular from its excrements. These men were Stoics; but the Nestor of my time, the teacher of Marcellus, son of Octavia the sister of Caesar, was an Academician. He too was at the head of the government of Tarsus, having succeeded Athenodorus; and he continued to be held in honor both by the prefects and in the city.", ^14.5.15 Among the other philosophers from Tarsus,whom I could well note and tell their names, are Plutiades and Diogenes, who were among those philosophers that went round from city to city and conducted schools in an able manner. Diogenes also composed poems, as if by inspiration, when a subject was given him — for the most part tragic poems; and as for grammarians whose writings are extant, there are Artemidorus and Diodorus; and the best tragic poet among those enumerated in the Pleias was Dionysides. But it is Rome that is best able to tell us the number of learned men from this city; for it is full of Tarsians and Alexandrians. Such is Tarsus.

^1.392 ni frustra augurium vani docuere parentes. ^4.307 Nec te noster amor, nec te data dextera quondam, ^4.316 per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, ^4.321 odere, infensi Tyrii; te propter eundem, ^4.322 exstinctus pudor, et, qua sola sidera adibam, ^4.323 fama prior. Cui me moribundam deseris, hospes? ^4.327 Saltem si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset, ^4.328 ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi parvulus aula, ^4.329 luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret, ^4.330 non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer. ^4.337 Pro re pauca loquar. Neque ego hanc abscondere furto, ^4.338 speravi—ne finge—fugam, nec coniugis umquam, ^4.339 praetendi taedas, aut haec in foedera veni. ^6.854 Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit: ^6.855 Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis, ^6.856 ingreditur, victorque viros supereminet omnes! ^6.857 Hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, ^6.858 sistet, eques sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, ^6.859 tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino. ^6.860 Atque hic Aeneas; una namque ire videbat, ^6.861 egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis, ^6.862 sed frons laeta parum, et deiecto lumina voltu: ^6.863 Quis, pater, ille, virum qui sic comitatur euntem? ^6.864 Filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum? ^6.865 Quis strepitus circa comitum! Quantum instar in ipso! ^6.866 Sed nox atra caput tristi circumvolat umbra. ^6.867 Tum pater Anchises, lacrimis ingressus obortis: ^6.868 O gnate, ingentem luctum ne quaere tuorum; ^6.869 ostendent terris hunc tantum fata, neque ultra, ^6.870 esse sinent. Nimium vobis Romana propago, ^6.871 visa potens, Superi, propria haec si dona fuissent. ^6.872 Quantos ille virum magnam Mavortis ad urbem, ^6.873 campus aget gemitus, vel quae, Tiberine, videbis, ^6.874 funera, cum tumulum praeterlabere recentem! ^6.875 Nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos, ^6.876 in tantum spe tollet avos, nec Romula quondam, ^6.877 ullo se tantum tellus iactabit alumno. ^6.878 Heu pietas, heu prisca fides, invictaque bello, ^6.879 dextera! Non illi se quisquam impune tulisset, ^6.880 obvius armato, seu cum pedes iret in hostem, ^6.881 seu spumantis equi foderet calcaribus armos. ^6.882 Heu, miserande puer, si qua fata aspera rumpas, ^6.883 tu Marcellus eris. Manibus date lilia plenis, ^6.884 purpureos spargam flores, animamque nepotis, ^6.885 his saltem adcumulem donis, et fungar ii, ^6.886 munere—Sic tota passim regione vagantur, ^6.887 aëris in campis latis, atque omnia lustrant. ^6.888 Quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit, ^6.889 incenditque animum famae venientis amore, ^6.890 exin bella viro memorat quae deinde gerenda, ^6.891 Laurentisque docet populos urbemque Latini, ^6.892 et quo quemque modo fugiatque feratque laborem. ^8.726 finxerat; Euphrates ibat iam mollior undis,

^1.392 Him to the skies, in Orient trophies dress,
^4.307 Aeneas partner of her bed and throne.
^4.316 upon the royal dwelling, where for love,
^4.321 unto that prince of Troy who tarries now, ^4.322 in Tyrian Carthage, heedless utterly, ^4.323 of empire Heaven-bestowed. On winged winds,
^4.327 but that he might rule Italy, a land, ^4.328 pregt with thrones and echoing with war; " ^4.329 that he of Teucers seed a race should sire,", ^4.330 and bring beneath its law the whole wide world.
^4.337 of enemies, considering no more, " ^4.338 the land Lavinian and Ausonias sons.", ^4.339 Let him to sea! Be this our final word:
^6.854 Who kept them undefiled their mortal day; ^6.855 And poets, of whom the true-inspired song, " ^6.856 Deserved Apollos name; and all who found", " ^6.857 New arts, to make mans life more blest or fair;", ^6.858 Yea! here dwell all those dead whose deeds bequeath, ^6.859 Deserved and grateful memory to their kind. ^6.860 And each bright brow a snow-white fillet wears. ^6.861 Unto this host the Sibyl turned, and hailed, ^6.862 Musaeus, midmost of a numerous throng, " ^6.863 Who towered oer his peers a shoulder higher:", ^6.864 “0 spirits blest! 0 venerable bard! ^6.865 Declare what dwelling or what region holds, ^6.866 Anchises, for whose sake we twain essayed, ^6.867 Yon passage over the wide streams of hell.”, ^6.868 And briefly thus the hero made reply: ^6.869 “No fixed abode is ours. In shadowy groves, ^6.870 We make our home, or meadows fresh and fair, ^6.871 With streams whose flowery banks our couches be. ^6.872 But you, if thitherward your wishes turn, ^6.873 Climb yonder hill, where I your path may show.”, ^6.874 So saying, he strode forth and led them on, ^6.875 Till from that vantage they had prospect fair, ^6.876 of a wide, shining land; thence wending down, ^6.877 They left the height they trod; for far below, ^6.878 Father Anchises in a pleasant vale, ^6.879 Stood pondering, while his eyes and thought surveyed, ^6.880 A host of prisoned spirits, who there abode, ^6.881 Awaiting entrance to terrestrial air. ^6.882 And musing he reviewed the legions bright, ^6.883 of his own progeny and offspring proud—, ^6.884 Their fates and fortunes, virtues and great deeds. ^6.885 Soon he discerned Aeneas drawing nigh, " ^6.886 oer the green slope, and, lifting both his hands", ^6.887 In eager welcome, spread them swiftly forth. ^6.888 Tears from his eyelids rained, and thus he spoke: ^6.889 “Art here at last? Hath thy well-proven love, ^6.890 of me thy sire achieved yon arduous way? ^6.891 Will Heaven, beloved son, once more allow, ^6.892 That eye to eye we look? and shall I hear,
^8.726 Straightway he roused anew the slumbering fire

^1.34 And what so potent cause took you to TITYRUS, " ¹ You, Tityrus, neath a broad beech-canopy,reclining, on the slender oat rehearse,your silvan ditties: I from my sweet fields,and homes familiar bounds, even now depart.Exiled from home am I; while, Tityrus, you,sit careless in the shade, and, at your call,“Fair Amaryllis” bid the woods resound. TITYRUS,O Meliboeus, twas a god vouchsafed,this ease to us, for him a god will I,deem ever, and from my folds a tender lamb,oft with its life-blood shall his altar stain.His gift it is that, as your eyes may see,my kine may roam at large, and I myself,play on my shepherds pipe what songs I will. MELIBOEUS,I grudge you not the boon, but marvel more,such wide confusion fills the country-side.See, sick at heart I drive my she-goats on,and this one, O my Tityrus, scarce can lead:for mid the hazel-thicket here but now,she dropped her new-yeaned twins on the bare flint,hope of the flock—an ill, I mind me well,which many a time, but for my blinded sense,the thunder-stricken oak foretold, oft too,from hollow trunk the ravens ominous cry.But who this god of yours? Come, Tityrus, tell. TITYRUS,The city, Meliboeus, they call 4 muses of

^1.488 fulgura nec diri totiens arsere cometae. ^4.559 Haec super arvorum cultu pecorumque canebam, ^4.560 et super arboribus, Caesar dum magnus ad altum, ^4.561 fulminat Euphraten bello victorque volentes, ^4.562 per populos dat iura viamque adfectat Olympo. ^4.563 Illo Vergilium me tempore dulcis alebat, ^4.564 Parthenope studiis florentem ignobilis oti, ^4.565 carmina qui lusi pastorum audaxque iuventa,

^1.488 About their shoulders dash the plenteous spray,
^4.559 With a great cry leapt on him, and ere he rose, ^4.560 Forestalled him with the fetters; he nathless, ^4.561 All unforgetful of his ancient craft, ^4.562 Transforms himself to every wondrous thing, ^4.563 Fire and a fearful beast, and flowing stream. ^4.564 But when no trickery found a path for flight, ^4.565 Baffled at length, to his own shape returned,

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^2.18 TO ZOILUS: Do you think, Zoilus, that I am made happy by an invitation to dinner? Happy by an invitation to dinner, Zoilus, and that dinner yours? That guest deserves to be a guest at the Aricine Hill, who is made happy, Zoilus, by a dinner of yours.
^5.22 TO PAULUS: If I did not wish, as well as deserve, to find you at home this morning, may your Esquiline mansion, Paulus, be removed still farther from me! But I live close to the Tiburtine column, near the spot where rustic Flora looks upon ancient Jove. I must surmount the steep path of the Suburran hill, and the pavement dirty with footsteps never dry; while it is scarcely possible to get clear of the long trains of mules, and the blocks of marble which you see dragged along by a multitude of ropes. Worse than all this is it, that, after a thousand toils, your porter tells me, fatigued as I am, that you are not at home. This is the end of my useless labour and dripping toga: even to have seen Paulus at home in the morning was scarcely worth so much, The most attentive client always meets with most neglect from his friends. Unless you sleep longer in the morning, you cannot be my patron.
^10.20 TO MANIUS: That Celtiberian Salo draws me to its auriferous banks, that I am pleased again to visit the dwellings of my native land suspended amid rocks, you, Manius, are the cause; you who have been beloved of me from my infant years, and cherished with affection in the days of my youth; than whom there is no one in all Iberia dearer to me, or more worthy of real regard. With you I should delight even in a tent of the Libyan desert, or a hut of the savage Scythian. If your sentiments are the same, if our affections are mutual, every place will be a Rome to us both.
^11.24 TO LABULLUS: While I am attending you about, and escorting you home, while lending my ear to your chattering, and praising whatever you say and do, how many verses of mine, Labullus, might have seen the light! Does it seem nothing to you, that what Rome reads, what the foreigner seeks, what the knight willingly accepts, what the senator stores up, what the barrister praises, and rival poets abuse, are lost through your fault? Is this right, Labullus? Can any one endure, that while you thus augment the number of your wretched clients, you proportionately diminish the number of my books? In the last thirty days, or thereabouts, I have scarcely finished one page. See what befalls a poet who does not dine at home.

^16.19 Ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τῆς Ἀσίας. ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς ἐν κυρίῳ πολλὰ Ἀκύλας καὶ Πρίσκα σὺν τῇ κατʼ οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίᾳ.

^16.19 The assemblies of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla greetyou much in the Lord, together with the assembly that is in theirhouse.

^6.1 ΕΝ ΔΕ ΤΑΙΣ ΗΜΕΡΑΙΣ ταύταις πληθυνόντων τῶν μαθητῶν ἐγένετο γογγυσμὸς τῶν Ἑλληνιστῶν πρὸς τοὺς Ἐβραίους ὅτι παρεθεωροῦντο ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ τῇ καθημερινῇ αἱ χῆραι αὐτῶν. ^6.2 προσκαλεσάμενοι δὲ οἱ δώδεκα τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μαθητῶν εἶπαν Οὐκ ἀρεστόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς καταλείψαντας τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ διακονεῖν τραπέζαις·, ^6.3 ἐπισκέ ψασθε δέ, ἀδελφοί, ἄνδρας ἐξ ὑμῶν μαρτυρουμένους ἑπτὰ πλήρεις πνεύματος καὶ σοφίας, οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας ταύτης·, ^6.4 ἡμεῖς δὲ τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ διακονίᾳ τοῦ λόγου προσκαρτερήσομεν. ^6.5 καὶ ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐνώπιον παντὸς τοῦ πλήθους, καὶ ἐξελέξαντο Στέφανον, ἄνδρα πλήρη πίστεως καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου, καὶ Φίλιππον καὶ Πρόχορον καὶ Νικάνορα καὶ Τίμωνα καὶ Παρμενᾶν καὶ Νικόλαον προσήλυτον Ἀντιοχέα, ^6.6 οὓς ἔστησαν ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀποστόλων, καὶ προσευξάμενοι ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας. ^6.7 Καὶ ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ηὔξανεν, καὶ ἐπληθύνετο ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν μαθητῶν ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ σφόδρα, πολύς τε ὄχλος τῶν ἱερέων ὑπήκουον τῇ πίστει. ^16.14 καί τις γυνὴ ὀνόματι Λυδία, πορφυρόπωλις πόλεως Θυατείρων σεβομένη τὸν θεόν, ἤκουεν, ἧς ὁ κύριος διήνοιξεν τὴν καρδίαν προσέχειν τοῖς λαλουμένοις ὑπὸ Παύλου. ^16.15 ὡς δὲ ἐβαπτίσθη καὶ ὁ οἶκος αὐτῆς, παρεκάλεσεν λέγουσα Εἰ κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν τῷ κυρίῳ εἶναι, εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου μένετε· καὶ παρεβιάσατο ἡμᾶς. ^18.2 καὶ εὑρών τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν, Ποντικὸν τῷ γένει, προσφάτως ἐληλυθότα ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας καὶ Πρίσκιλλαν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ διὰ τὸ διατεταχέναι Κλαύδιον χωρίζεσθαι πάντας τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἀπὸ τῆς Ῥώμης, προσῆλθεν αὐτοῖς, ^18.27 βουλομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ διελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Ἀχαίαν προτρεψάμενοι οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ἔγραψαν τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἀποδέξασθαι αὐτόν· ὃς παραγενόμενος συνεβάλετο πολὺ τοῖς πεπιστευκόσιν διὰ τῆς χάριτος·

^6.1 Now in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplying, there arose a grumbling of the Grecian Jews against the Hebrews because their widows were neglected in the daily service. ^6.2 The twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, "It is not appropriate for us to forsake the word of God and serve tables. ^6.3 Therefore select from among you, brothers, seven men of good report, full of the Holy Spirit and of wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business. ^6.4 But we will continue steadfastly in prayer and in the ministry of the word.", ^6.5 These words pleased the whole multitude. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a proselyte of Antioch; ^6.6 whom they set before the apostles. When they had prayed, they laid their hands on them. ^6.7 The word of God increased and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem exceedingly. A great company of the priests were obedient to the faith.
^16.14 A certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, one who worshiped God, heard us; whose heart the Lord opened to listen to the things which were spoken by Paul. ^16.15 When she and her household were baptized, she begged us, saying, "If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and stay." She urged us.
^18.2 He found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, who had recently come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome. He came to them,

^18.27 When he had determined to pass over into Achaia, the brothers encouraged him, and wrote to the disciples to receive him. When he had come, he helped them much, who had believed through grace;

^15.24 ὡς ἂν πορεύωμαι εἰς τὴν Σπανίαν, ἐλπίζω γὰρ διαπορευόμενος θεάσασθαι ὑμᾶς καὶ ὑφʼ ὑμῶν προπεμφθῆναι ἐκεῖ ἐὰν ὑμῶν πρῶτον ἀπὸ μέρους ἐμπλησθῶ,—, ^16.7 ἀσπάσασθε Ἀνδρόνικον καὶ Ἰουνίαν τοὺς συγγενεῖς μου καὶ συναιχμαλώτους μου, οἵτινές εἰσιν ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις, οἳ καὶ πρὸ ἐμοῦ γέγοναν ἐν Χριστῷ.

^15.24 whenever I journey to Spain, I will come to you. For I hope to see you on my journey, and to be helped on my way there by you, if first I may enjoy your company for a while.
^16.7 Greet Andronicus and Junias, my relatives and my fellow prisoners, who are notable among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.

^1.10 ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος διʼ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω. ^1.11 Εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἦλθεν, καὶ οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον. ^1.12 ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτόν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, ^1.13 οἳ οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλʼ ἐκ θεοῦ ἐγεννήθησαν.

" ^1.10 He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world didnt recognize him.", " ^1.11 He came to his own, and those who were his own didnt receive him.", " ^1.12 But as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become Gods children, to those who believe in his name:", ^1.13 who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.

^1.39 Ἀναστᾶσα δὲ Μαριὰμ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις ἐπορεύθη εἰς τὴν ὀρινὴν μετὰ σπουδῆς εἰς πόλιν Ἰούδα, ^1.40 καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον Ζαχαρίου καὶ ἠσπάσατο τὴν Ἐλεισάβετ. ^1.41 καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν τὸν ἀσπασμὸν τῆς Μαρίας ἡ Ἐλεισάβετ, ἐσκίρτησεν τὸ βρέφος ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐπλήσθη πνεύματος ἁγίου ἡ Ἐλεισάβετ, ^1.42 καὶ ἀνεφώνησεν κραυγῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ εἶπεν Εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν, καὶ εὐλογημένος ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου. ^1.43 καὶ πόθεν μοι τοῦτο ἵνα ἔλθῃ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ κυρίου μου πρὸς ἐμέ; ^1.44 ἰδοὺ γὰρ ὡς ἐγένετο ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου, ἐσκίρτησεν ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει τὸ βρέφος ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ μου. ^1.45 καὶ μακαρία ἡ πιστεύσασα ὅτι ἔσται τελείωσις τοῖς λελαλημένοις αὐτῇ παρὰ Κυρίου. ^1.46 Καὶ εἶπεν Μαριάμ Μεγαλύνει ἡ ψυχή μου τὸν κύριον, ^1.47 καὶ ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπὶ τῷ θεῷ τῷ σωτῆρί μου·, ^1.48 ὅτι ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης αὐτοῦ, ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν μακαριοῦσίν με πᾶσαι αἱ γενεαί·, ^1.49 ὅτι ἐποίησέν μοι μεγάλα ὁ δυνατός, καὶ ἅγιον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, ^1.50 καὶ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεάς τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτόν. ^1.51 Ἐποίησεν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ, διεσκόρπισεν ὑπερηφάνους διανοίᾳ καρδίας αὐτῶν·, ^1.52 καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀπὸ θρόνων καὶ ὕψωσεν ταπεινούς, ^1.53 πεινῶντας ἐνέπλησεν ἀγαθῶν καὶ πλουτοῦντας ἐξαπέστειλεν κενούς. ^1.54 ἀντελάβετο Ἰσραὴλ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ, μνησθῆναι ἐλέους, ^1.55 καθὼς ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν, τῷ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. ^1.56 Ἔμεινεν δὲ Μαριὰμ σὺν αὐτῇ ὡς μῆνας τρεῖς, καὶ ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτῆς. ^11.27 Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ λέγειν αὐτὸν ταῦτα ἐπάρασά τις φωνὴν γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου εἶπεν αὐτῷ Μακαρία ἡ κοιλία ἡ βαστάσασά σε καὶ μαστοὶ οὓς ἐθήλασας·, ^11.28 αὐτὸς δὲ εἶπεν Μενοῦν μακάριοι οἱ ἀκούοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ φυλάσσοντες.

^1.39 Mary arose in those days and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah, ^1.40 and entered into the house of Zacharias and greeted Elizabeth. " ^1.41 It happened, when Elizabeth heard Marys greeting, that the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.", ^1.42 She called out with a loud voice, and said, "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb! ^1.43 Why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? ^1.44 For behold, when the voice of your greeting came into my ears, the baby leaped in my womb for joy! ^1.45 Blessed is she who believed, for there will be a fulfillment of the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord!", ^1.46 Mary said, "My soul magnifies the Lord. ^1.47 My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior, ^1.48 For he has looked at the humble state of his handmaid. For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed. ^1.49 For he who is mighty has done great things for me. Holy is his name. ^1.50 His mercy is for generations of generations on those who fear him. ^1.51 He has shown strength with his arm. He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their heart. ^1.52 He has put down princes from their thrones. And has exalted the lowly. ^1.53 He has filled the hungry with good things. He has sent the rich away empty. ^1.54 He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy, ^1.55 As he spoke to our fathers, To Abraham and his seed forever.", ^1.56 Mary stayed with her about three months, and then returned to her house.
^11.27 It came to pass, as he said these things, a certain woman out of the multitude lifted up her voice, and said to him, "Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts which nursed you!", ^11.28 But he said, "On the contrary, blessed are those who hear the word of God, and keep it."

⁵⁰ At this the slaves burst into spontaneous applause and shouted, "God bless Gaius!" The cook too was rewarded with a drink and a silver crown, and was handed the cup on a Corinthian dish. Agamemnon began to peer at the dish rather closely, and Trimalchio said, "I am the sole owner of genuine Corinthian plate." I thought he would declare with his usual effrontery that he had cups imported direct from Corinth. But he went one better: "You may perhaps inquire," said he, "how I come to be alone in having genuine Corinthian stuff: the obvious reason is that the name of the dealer I buy it from is Corinthus. But what is real Corinthian, unless a man has Corinthus at his back? Do not imagine that I am an ignoramus. I know perfectly well how Corinthian plate was first brought into the world. At the fall of Ilium, Hannibal, a trickster and a great knave, collected all the sculptures, bronze, gold, and silver, into a single pile, and set light to them. They all melted into one amalgam of bronze. The workmen took bits out of this lump and made plates and entree dishes and statuettes. That is how Corinthian metal was born, from all sorts lumped together, neither one kind nor the other. You will forgive me if I say that personally I prefer glass; glass at least does not smell. If it were not so breakable I should prefer it to gold; as it is, it is so cheap.
⁵³ But a clerk quite interrupted his passion for the dance by reading as though from the gazette: "July the 26th. Thirty boys and forty girls were born on Trimalchios estate at Cumae. Five hundred thousand pecks of wheat were taken up from the threshing-floor into the barn. Five hundred oxen were broken in. On the same date: the slave Mithridates was led to crucifixion for having damned the soul of our lord Gaius. On the same date: ten million sesterces which could not be invested were returned to the reserve. On the same day: there was a fire in our gardens at Pompeii, which broke out in the house of Nasta the bailiff." "Stop," said Trimalchio, "When did I buy any gardens at Pompeii?" "Last year," said the clerk, "so that they are not entered in your accounts yet." Trimalchio glowed with passion, and said, "I will not have any property which is bought in my name entered in my accounts unless I hear of it within six months." We now had a further recitation of police notices, and some foresters wills, in which Trimalchio was cut out in a codicil; then the names of bailiffs, and of a freed-woman who had been caught with a bathman and divorced by her husband, a night watchman; the name of a porter who had been banished to Baiae; the name of a steward who was being prosecuted, and details of an action between some valets. But at last the acrobats came in. A very dull fool stood there with a ladder and made a boy dance from rung to rung and on the very top to the music of popular airs, and then made him hop through burning hoops, and pick up a wine jar with his teeth. No one was excited by this but Trimalchio, who kept saying that it was a thankless profession. There were only two things in the world that he could watch with real pleasure, acrobats and trumpeters; all other shows were silly nonsense. "Why," said he, "I once bought a Greek comedy company, but I preferred them to do Atellane plays, and I told my flute-player to have Latin songs.",
⁶⁰ We were not given long to admire these elegant tours de force; suddenly there came a noise from the ceiling, and the whole dining-room trembled. I rose from my place in a panic: I was afraid some acrobat would come down through the roof. All the other guests too looked up astonished, wondering what the new portent from heaven was announced. The whole ceiling parted asunder, and an enormous hoop, apparently knocked out of a giant cask, was let down. All round it were hung golden crowns and alabaster boxes of perfumes. We were asked to take these presents for ourselves, when I looked back at the table. . A dish with some cakes on it had now been put there, a Priapus made by the confectioner standing in the middle, holding up every kind of fruit and grapes in his wide apron in the conventional style. We reached greedily after his treasures, and a sudden fresh turn of humour renewed our merriment. All the cakes and all the fruits, however lightly they were touched, began to spurt out saffron, and the nasty juice flew even into our mouths. We thought it must be a sacred dish that was anointed with such holy appointments, and we all stood straight up and cried, "The gods bless Augustus, the father of his country." But as some people even after this solemnity snatched at the fruit, we filled our napkins too, myself especially, for I thought that I could never fill Gitons lap with a large enough present. Meanwhile three boys came in with their white tunics well tucked up, and two of them put images of the Lares with lockets round their necks on the table, while one carried round a bowl of wine and cried, "God be gracious unto us." Trimalchio said that one of the images was called Gain, another Luck, and the third Profit. And as everybody else kissed Trimalchios true portrait we were ashamed to pass it by.

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¹⁸ He was the first to establish a regular salary of ahundred thousand sesterces for Latin and Greek teachers of rhetoric, paid from the privy purse. He also presented eminent poets with princely largess and great rewards, and artists, too, such as the restorer of the Venus of Cos and of the Colossus. To a mechanical engineer, who promised to transport some heavy columns to the Capitol at small expense, he gave no mean reward for his invention, but refused to make use of it, saying: "You must let me feed my poor commons."

" ^11.6 The high-priest, at my command, will carry in procession a garland of roses fastened to the sistrum in his hand. Dont hesitate to join the crowd and, trusting in my protection, push your way towards the priest, then as if you wished to kiss his hand pluck gently at the roses with your mouth, and so at once throw off that wretched form of the most detestable of creatures. And have faith in my power to oversee the execution of my orders, for at this very moment when I am here with you I am with my priest too telling him, in dream, what he must do. When I wish, the heaving crowd will part before you, and amidst the joyous rites and wild festivity no one will shrink from your unseemly shape, nor treat your sudden change of form as sinister and level charges at you out of spite. Remember one thing clearly though, and keep it locked deep within your heart: the life that is left to you, to the final sigh of your last breath, is pledged to me. It is right that all your days be devoted to she whose grace returns you to the world of men. Under my wing, you will live in happiness and honour, and when your span of life is complete and you descend to the shades, even there, in the sphere beneath the earth, you will see me, who am now before you, gleaming amidst the darkness of Acheron, queen of the Stygian depths; and dwelling yourself in the Elysian fields, you will endlessly adore me and I will favour you. Know too that if by sedulous obedience, dutiful service, and perfect chastity you are worthy of my divine grace, I and I alone can extend your life beyond the limits set by fate.", "
^11.13 Now the priest, who I could see remembered the orders he had received in dream, though he still marvelled at the actual event that fulfilled the prophecy, halted at once and of himself stretched out his hand, and held the rose-garland level with my lips. My heart leapt with a rapid beat, and I trembled as I tore with eager mouth at the glistening wreath woven of lovely roses, which greedy for the outcome promised I greedily devoured. Nor did the Goddess divine promise fail, for on the instant my ugly bestial form slipped from me. First the coarse hair fell from my body then my dense hide grew thin, my sagging paunch grew trim, the soles of my feet sprouted toes through their hooves, my hands were no longer feet but reached out in a proper manner, my long neck shrank, my head and face rounded, my huge ears shrank back to their former size, my craggy teeth reduced to a human scale, and what had tormented me most of all, my tail, existed no more. The onlookers marvelled, and the priests paid reverence to the evident power of the mighty Goddess, to her magnificence which confirmed my nocturnal vision, and to the ease of my transformation. They stretched their arms towards heaven, and clearly, with one voice, bore witness to her wondrous beneficence.", "
^11.21 From then on I became ever more solicitous in my constant attendance on the deity, believing that my present blessings were a guarantee of future good. Moreover, day by day, my desire for holy orders intensified, and time and again I entreated the high-priest to hasten my initiation into the mysteries of the sacred night. But he, being a grave man, remarkable for his close observance of the strictest religious discipline, restrained my insistence gently and kindly, as parents will restrain their childrens unripe urges, calming my natural eagerness with a comforting expectation of good to come. He told me the proper day for a persons initiation is always marked by a sign from the Goddess, that the officiating priest was likewise indicated by her, and even the costs of the ceremony to be defrayed. He advised me to suffer the delay with reverence and patience, since over-eagerness and disobedience were faults to be guarded against assiduously, and neither to hang back when called nor advance myself when not. of his order had been so wrong-minded, so determined on their own destruction, as to dare to take office rashly or sacrilegiously, and without the Goddess direct command, and thereby to commit a deadly sin. The gates of the underworld and the guardianship of life are both in her hands, he said, and the rites of initiation are akin to a willing death and salvation through her grace. Indeed, those whose term of life was drawing to its close, who already stood on the last threshold of light, if the sects unspoken mysteries could be safely entrusted to them, were often summoned by the power of the Goddess to be in a manner reborn through her grace and set again on a path of renewed life. I too, he suggested, should bow likewise to heavens decree, even though I had been destined for and called long since to the blessed service of the Goddess by clear and evident signs of that great deitys favour. And I should, as the priests did, abstain from unholy and forbidden foods, so as to enter more deeply into the secret mysteries of the purest of faiths.", "
^11.27 yet while I was debating in my own mind, and searching my conscience with the help of the priests, I suddenly realised that I had not yet been introduced to the mysteries of invincible Osiris, the great god who is the mighty father of the gods. Though his rites of initiation were still quite distinct, his godhead and worship were linked, even joined, to that of Isis. I should thus have realised that I was being sought after as a servant of his great divinity as well. The issue was not long in doubt, for the following night I had a vision in which an initiate dressed in white linen brought ivy-wreaths and thyrsi, with things that must be nameless, and placed these various objects on my household altar then, seated in my chair, ordered me to arrange a sacred feast. In order evidently to help me know him again by a sure sign of identity, his left ankle was slightly twisted, and he walked with a hesitant limp. My cloud of doubt was lifted by this clear manifestation of the gods own wishes, and after the morning prayers for the Goddess were complete, I at once began to ask about me, with utmost zeal, as to whether any there exactly resembled him of my dream. Confirmation came immediately, when I caught sight of one of the pastophori who not only limped like the man in my vision, but also was alike in his dress and appearance. I later learned he was called Asinius Marcellus, a name not inappropriate to my own transformation. Without pausing for an instant I approached him, and indeed he was not surprised by our ensuing conversation since he himself had been ordered in a similar manner to preside over my initiation. In his dream, the previous night, he had been arranging garlands for Osiris when he heard from the great gods own oracular mouth, which speaks each mans fate, that a man of Madauros was being sent to him, that the man was poor but the priest must perform his rites of initiation, since by the gods aid, the man would win fame by his studies and the priest himself a fine recompense.", "
^11.29 Not long afterwards, I was again presented in a dream with the sudden and startling demand from the deities for a yet a third initiation. Greatly surprised and puzzled, I pondered their orders in my mind. What did the gods mean by this new and strange design? What was it that, despite my two previous initiations, still remained to be accomplished? Perhaps the priests had erred or omitted something in those ceremonies. I even began to hold misgivings as to their good faith. But while tossed on this stormy sea of speculation, anxious in the extreme, a kindly apparition, in a midnight visitation, instructed me as follows,: Fear nothing from this long train of ceremonies, for nothing previously was done in error. Rather be happy, rejoice that the deities think you worthy, and exult that you will experience thrice what others scarcely dream of undergoing once, and so consider yourself eternally blessed. Moreover in your case a third performance of the rites is essential, since the garments of the goddess you wore in the provinces are stored in her temple, and you lack them here in Rome to perform your worship on holy days, or don those sacred robes when commanded. Therefore to enjoy health, happiness and good fortune, delight in divine instruction and be initiated once more."

^43.45.3 Another likeness they set up in the temple of Quirinus with the inscription, "To the Invincible God," and another on the Capitol beside the former kings of Rome.
^56.8 Nay, Ifor my part am ashamed that Ihave been forced even to mention such a thing. Have done with your madness, then, and stop at last to reflect, that with many dying all the time by disease and many in war it is impossible for the city to maintain itself, unless its population is continually renewed by those who are ever and anon to be born."And let none of you imagine that Ifail to realize that there are disagreeable and painful things incident to marriage and the begetting of children. But bear this in mind, that we do not possess any other good with which some unpleasantness is not mingled, and that in our most abundant and greatest blessings there reside the most abundant and greatest evils.Therefore, if you decline to accept the latter, do not seek to obtain the former, either, since for practically everything that has any genuine excellence or enjoyment one must strive beforehand, strive at the time, and strive afterwards. But why shouldI prolong my speech by going into all these details? Even if there are, then, some unpleasant things incident to marriage and the begetting of children, set over against them the advantages, and you will find these to be at once more numerous and more compelling.For, in addition to all the other blessings that naturally inhere in this state of life, the prizes offered by the laws should induce each other to obey me; for a very small part of these inspires many to undergo even death. And is it not disgraceful that for rewards which lead others to sacrifice even their lives you should be unwilling either to marry wives or to rear children? <

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^2.9 His father, Erucius Clarus, is a man of probity of the old-fashioned sort, full of learning and an experienced counsel, conducting his cases with splendid honesty, perseverance, and modesty as well. His uncle is Caius Septicius, than whom I never met any one more sterling, simple, frank, and trustworthy. They all see who can shower most affection upon me, though they all love me equally, and now I can repay the love of all in the person of young Erucius. So I am button-holing all my friends, begging them for their support, going round to see them and haunting their houses and favourite resorts, and I am putting both my position and influence to the test by my entreaties. I beg of you to think it worth your while to relieve me of some part of my burden. I will do the same for you whenever you ask the return favour; nay I will do so even if you do not ask me. You are a favourite with many, people seek your society, and you have a wide circle of friends. Do you but give a hint that you have a wish, and there will be plenty who will make your wish their desire. Farewell. "
^5.6 At the upper end is a couch of white marble covered with a vine, the latter being supported by four small pillars of Carystian marble. Jets of water flow from the couch through small pipes and look as if they were forced out by the weight of persons reclining thereon, and the water is caught in a stone cistern and then retained in a graceful marble basin, regulated by pipes out of sight, so that the basin, while always full, never overflows. The heavier dishes and plates are placed at the side of the basin when I dine there, but the lighter ones, formed into the shapes of little boats and birds, float on the surface and travel round and round. Facing this is a fountain which receives back the water it expels, for the water is thrown up to a considerable height and then falls down again, and the pipes that perform the two processes are connected. Directly opposite the couch is a bed-chamber, and each lends a grace to the other. It is formed of glistening marble, and through the projecting folding doors you pass at once among the foliage, while both from the upper and lower windows you look out upon the same green picture. Within is a little cabinet which seems to belong at once to the same and yet another bed-chamber. This contains a bed and it has windows on every side, yet the shade is so thick without that but little light enters, for a wonderfully luxuriant vine has climbed up to the roof and covers the whole building. You can fancy you are in a grove as you lie there, only that you do not feel the rain as you do among trees. Here too a fountain rises and immediately loses itself underground. There are a number of marble chairs placed up and down, which are as restful for persons tired with walking as the bed-chamber itself. Near these chairs are little fountains, and throughout the whole riding-course you hear the murmur of tiny streams carried through pipes, which run wherever you please to direct them. These are used to water the shrubs, sometimes in one part, sometimes in another, and at other times all are watered together.I should long since have been afraid of boring you, had I not set out in this letter to take you with me round every corner of my estate. For I am not at all apprehensive that you will find it tedious to read about a place which certainly would not tire you to look at, especially as you can get a little rest whenever you desire, and can sit down, so to speak, by laying down the letter. Moreover, I have been indulging my affection for the place, for I am greatly attached to anything that is mainly the work of my own hands or that some one else has begun and I have taken up. In short — for there is no reason is there? why I should not be frank with you, whether my judgments are sound or unsound — I consider that it is the first duty of a writer to select the title of his work and constantly ask himself what he has begun to write about. He may be sure that so long as he keeps to his subject-matter he will not be tedious, but that he will bore his readers to distraction if he starts dragging in extraneous matter to make weight. Observe the length with which Homer describes the arms of Achilles, and Virgil the arms of Aeneas — yet in both cases the description seems short, because the author only carries out what he intended to. Observe how Aratus hunts up and brings together even the tiniest stars — yet he does not exceed due limits. For his description is not an excursus, but the end and aim of the whole work. It is the same with myself, if I may compare my lowly efforts with their great ones. I have been trying to give you a birds eye view of the whole of my villa, and if I have introduced no extraneous matter and have never wandered off my subject, it is not the letter containing the description which is to be considered of excessive size, but rather the villa which has been described.However, let me get back to the point I started from, lest I give you an opportunity of justly condemning me by my own law, by not pursuing this digression any farther. I have explained to you why I prefer my Tuscan house to my other places at Tusculum, Tibur and Praeneste. For in addition to all the beauties I have described above, my repose here is more profound and more comfortable, and therefore all the freer from anxiety. There is no necessity to don the toga, no neighbour ever calls to drag me out; everything is placid and quiet; and this peace adds to the healthiness of the place, by giving it, so to speak, a purer sky and a more liquid air. I enjoy better health both in mind and body here than anywhere else, for I exercise the former by study and the latter by hunting. Besides, there is no place where my household keep in better trim, and up to the present I have not lost a single one of all whom I brought with me. I hope Heaven will forgive the boast, and that the gods will continue my happiness to me and preserve this place in all its beauty. Farewell.In winter the air is cold and frosty: myrtles, olives and all other trees which require constant warmth for them to do well, the climate rejects and spurns, though it allows laurel to grow, and even brings it to a luxuriant leaf. Occasionally, however, it kills it, but that does not happen more frequently than in the neighbourhood of Rome. In summer, the heat is marvellously tempered: there is always a breath of air stirring, and breezes are more common than winds. Hence the number of old people to be found there: you find the grandfathers and great-grandfathers of the young people still living; you are constantly hearing old stories and tales of the past, so that, when you set foot there, you may fancy that you have been born in another century.The contour of the district is most beautiful. Picture to yourself an immense amphitheatre, such as only Nature can create, with a wide-spreading plain ringed with hills, and the summits of the hills themselves covered with tall and ancient forests. There is plentiful and varied hunting to be had. Down the mountain slopes there are stretches of underwoods, and among these are rich, deep-soiled hillocks — where if you look for a stone you will have hard work to find one — which are just as fertile as the most level plains, and ripen just as rich harvests, though later in the season. Below these, along the whole hillsides, stretch the vineyards which present an unbroken line far and wide, on the borders and lowest level of which comes a fringe of trees. Then you reach the meadows and the fields — fields which only the most powerful oxen and the stoutest ploughs can turn. The soil is so tough and composed of such thick clods that when it is first broken up it has to be furrowed nine times before it is subdued. The meadows are jewelled with flowers, and produce trefoil and other herbs, always tender and soft, and looking as though they were always fresh. For all parts are well nourished by never-failing streams, and even where there is most water there are no swamps, for the declivity of the land drains off into the Tiber all the moisture that it receives and cannot itself absorb.The Tiber runs through the middle of the plain; it is navigable for ships, and all the grain is carried down stream to the city, at least in winter and spring. In summer the volume of water dwindles away, leaving but the name of a great river to the dried-up bed, but in the autumn it recovers its flood. You would be delighted if you could obtain a view of the district from the mountain height, for you would think you were looking not so much at earth and fields as at a beautiful landscape picture of wonderful loveliness. Such is the variety, such the arrangement of the scene, that wherever the eyes fall they are sure to be refreshed.My villa, though it lies at the foot of the hill, enjoys as fine a prospect as though it stood on the summit; the ascent is so gentle and easy, and the gradient so unnoticeable, that you find yourself at the top without feeling that you are ascending. The Apennines lie behind it, but at a considerable distance, and even on a cloudless and still day it gets a breeze from this range, never boisterous and rough, for its strength is broken and lost in the distance it has to travel. Most of the house faces south; in summer it gets the sun from the sixth hour, and in winter considerably earlier, inviting it as it were into the portico, which is broad and long to correspond, and contains a number of apartments and an old-fashioned hall. In front, there is a terrace laid out in different patterns and bounded with an edging of box; then comes a sloping ridge with figures of animals on both sides cut out of the box-trees, while on the level ground stands an acanthus-tree, with leaves so soft that I might almost call them liquid. Round this is a walk bordered by evergreens pressed and trimmed into various shapes; then comes an exercise ground, round like a circus, which surrounds the box-trees that are cut into different forms, and the dwarf shrubs that are kept clipped. Everything is protected by an enclosure, which is hidden and withdrawn from sight by the tiers of box-trees. Beyond is a meadow, as well worth seeing for its natural charm as the features just described are for their artificial beauty, and beyond that there stretches an expanse of fields and a number of other meadows and thickets.At the head of the portico there runs out the dining-room, from the doors of which can be seen the end of the terrace with the meadow and a good expanse of country beyond it, while from the windows the view on the one hand commands one side of the terrace and the part of the villa which juts out, and on the other the grove and foliage of the adjoining riding-school. Almost opposite to the middle of the portico is a summer-house standing back a little, with a small open space in the middle shaded by four plane-trees. Among them is a marble fountain, from which the water plays upon and lightly sprinkles the roots of the plane-trees and the grass plot beneath them. In this summer-house there is a bed-chamber which excludes all light, noise, and sound, and adjoining it is a dining-room for my friends, which faces upon the small court and the other portico, and commands the view enjoyed by the latter. There is another bed-chamber, which is leafy and shaded by the nearest plane-tree and built of marble up to the balcony; above is a picture of a tree with birds perched in the branches equally beautiful with the marble. Here there is a small fountain with a basin around the latter, and the water runs into it from a number of small pipes, which produce a most agreeable sound. In the corner of the portico is a spacious bed-chamber leading out of the dining-room, some of its windows looking out upon the terrace, others upon the meadow, while the windows in front face the fish-pond which lies just beneath them, and is pleasant both to eye and ear, as the water falls from a considerable elevation and glistens white as it is caught in the marble basin. This bed-chamber is beautifully warm even in winter, for it is flooded with an abundance of sunshine.The heating chamber for the bath adjoins it, and on a cloudy day we turn in steam to take the place of the suns warmth. Next comes a roomy and cheerful undressing room for the bath, from which you pass into a cool chamber containing a large and shady swimming bath. If you prefer more room or warmer water to swim in, there is a pond in the court with a well adjoining it, from which you can make the water colder when you are tired of the warm. Adjoining the cold bath is one of medium warmth, for the sun shines lavishly upon it, but not so much as upon the hot bath which is built farther out. There are three sets of steps leading to it, two exposed to the sun, and the third out of the sun though quite as light. Above the dressing-room is a ball court where various kinds of exercise can be taken, and a number of games can be played at once. Not far from the bath-room is a staircase leading to a covered passage, at the head of which are three rooms, one looking out upon the courtyard with the four plane-trees, the second upon the meadow, and the third upon the vineyards, so each therefore enjoys a different view. At the end of the passage is a bed-chamber constructed out of the passage itself, which looks out upon the riding-course, the vineyards, and the mountains. Connected with it is another bed-chamber open to the sun, and especially so in winter time. Leading out of this is an apartment which adjoins the riding-course of the villa.Such is the appearance and the use to which the front of my house is put. At the side is a raised covered gallery, which seems not so much to look out upon the vineyards as to touch them; in the middle is a dining-room which gets the invigorating breezes from the valleys of the Apennines, while at the other side, through the spacious windows and the folding doors, you seem to be close upon the vineyards again with the gallery between. On the side of the room where there are no windows is a private winding staircase by which the servants bring up the requisites for a meal. At the end of the gallery is a bed-chamber, and the gallery itself affords as pleasant a prospect therefrom as the vineyards. Underneath runs a sort of subterranean gallery, which in summer time remains perfectly cool, and as it has sufficient air within it, it neither admits any from without nor needs any. Next to both these galleries the portico commences where the dining-room ends, and this is cold before mid-day, and summery when the sun has reached his zenith. This gives the approach to two apartments, one of which contains four beds and the other three, and they are bathed in sunshine or steeped in shadow, according to the position of the sun.But though the arrangements of the house itself are charming, they are far and away surpassed by the riding-course. It is quite open in the centre, and the moment you enter your eye ranges over the whole of it. Around its borders are plane-trees clothed with ivy, and so while the foliage at the top belongs to the trees themselves, that on the lower parts belongs to the ivy, which creeps along the trunk and branches, and spreading across to the neighbouring trees, joins them together. Between the plane-trees are box shrubs, and on the farther side of the shrubs is a ring of laurels which mingle their shade with that of the plane-trees. At the far end, the straight boundary of the riding-course is curved into semicircular form, which quite changes its appearance. It is enclosed and covered with cypress-trees, the deeper shade of which makes it darker and gloomier than at the sides, but the inner circles — for there are more than one — are quite open to the sunshine. Even roses grow there, and the warmth of the sun is delightful as a change from the cool of the shade. When you come to the end of these various winding alleys, the boundary again runs straight, or should I say boundaries, for there are a number of paths with box shrubs between them. In places there are grass plots intervening, in others box shrubs, which are trimmed to a great variety of patterns, some of them being cut into letters forming my name as owner and that of the gardener. Here and there are small pyramids and apple-trees, and now and then in the midst of all this graceful artificial work you suddenly come upon what looks like a real bit of the country planted there. The intervening space is beautified on both sides with dwarf plane-trees; beyond these is the acanthus-tree that is supple and flexible to the hand, and there are more boxwood figures and names."

" ^2.112 He left the banquet and, after writing a pamphlet upon the logical problem, ended his days in despondency. Upon him too I have written lines:Diodorus Cronus, what sad fate Buried you in despair,So that you hastened to the shades below, Perplexed by Stilpos quibbles?You would deserve your name of Cronus better If C and R were gone.The successors of Euclides include Ichthyas, the son of Metallus, an excellent man, to whom Diogenes the Cynic has addressed one of his dialogues; Clinomachus of Thurii, who was the first to write about propositions, predications and the like; and Stilpo of Megara, a most distinguished philosopher, of whom we have now to treat.", "
^5.78 And in the official list the year in which he was archon was styled the year of lawlessness, according to this same Favorinus.Hermippus tells us that upon the death of Casander, being in fear of Antigonus, he fled to Ptolemy Soter. There he spent a considerable time and advised Ptolemy, among other things, to invest with sovereign power his children by Eurydice. To this Ptolemy would not agree, but bestowed the diadem on his son by Berenice, who, after Ptolemys death, thought fit to detain Demetrius as a prisoner in the country until some decision should be taken concerning him. There he lived in great dejection, and somehow, in his sleep, received an asp-bite on the hand which proved fatal. He is buried in the district of Busiris near Diospolis."

" ^4.1 Having, in the three preceding books, fully stated what occurred to us by way of answer to the treatise of Celsus, we now, reverend Ambrosius, with prayer to God through Christ, offer this fourth book as a reply to what follows. And we pray that words may be given us, as it is written in the book of Jeremiah that the Lord said to the prophet: Behold, I have put My words in your mouth as fire. See, I have set you this day over the nations, and over the kingdoms, to root out and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, and to build and to plant. For we need words now which will root out of every wounded soul the reproaches uttered against the truth by this treatise of Celsus, or which proceed from opinions like his. And we need also thoughts which will pull down all edifices based on false opinions, and especially the edifice raised by Celsus in his work which resembles the building of those who said, Come, let us build us a city, and a tower whose top shall reach to heaven. Yea, we even require a wisdom which will throw down all high things that rise against the knowledge of God, and especially that height of arrogance which Celsus displays against us. And in the next place, as we must not stop with rooting out and pulling down the hindrances which have just been mentioned, but must, in room of what has been rooted out, plant the plants of Gods husbandry; and in place of what has been pulled down, rear up the building of God, and the temple of His glory - we must for that reason pray also to the Lord, who bestowed the gifts named in the book of Jeremiah, that He may grant even to us words adapted both for building up the (temple) of Christ, and for planting the spiritual law, and the prophetic words referring to the same. And above all is it necessary to show, as against the assertions of Celsus which follow those he has already made, that the prophecies regarding Christ are true predictions. For, arraying himself at the same time against both parties - against the Jews on the one hand, who deny that the advent of Christ has taken place, but who expect it as future, and against Christians on the other, who acknowledge that Jesus is the Christ spoken of in prophecy- he makes the following statement:-"

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" ⁹ Demetrius of Phalerum, the president of the kings library, received vast sums of money, for the purpose of collecting together, as far as he possibly could, all the books in the world. By means of purchase and transcription, he carried out, to the best of his ability, the purpose of the king. On one occasion when I was present he was asked, How many thousand books are there in the library?", " ¹⁰ and he replied, More than two hundred thousand, O king, and I shall make endeavour in the immediate future to gather together the remainder also, so that the total of five hundred thousand may be reached. I am told that the laws of the Jews are worth transcribing and deserve a place in"

Holconium Priscum II virum fullones universi rogant, Cnaeum Helvium Sabinum aedilem pistores rogant et cupiunt cum vicinis, Epidium Sabinum II virum iure dicundo oro vos faciatis Trebius cliens facit consentiente sanctissimo ordine, , Populonii ille ego sum Proculus totus qui natus honori aut dic quis sit honos quem mihi inesse negas collegium pistorum patrono praestantissimo, Numerius Popidius Numeri filius Celsinus aedem Isidis terrae motu conlapsam a fundamento pecunia sua restituit hunc decuriones ob liberalitatem cum esset annorum sex ordini suo gratis adlegerunt

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Lucio Mario Maximo II Lucio Roscio Aeliano consulibus Marcus Antonius Priscus Lucius Annius Secundus II viri quinquennales nomina decurionum in aere incidenda curaverunt Patroni cclarissimi vviri Appius Claudius Iulianus Titus Lorenius Celsus Marcus Aedinius Iulianus Lucius Didius Marinus Lucius Domitius Honoratus Marcus Antonius Balbus Marcus Statius Longinus Lucius Pontius Verus Caius Betitius Pius Caius Gavivius Maximus Caius Furius Octavianus Lucius Bruttius Praesens Caius Bruttius Crispinus Caius Petronius Magnus Caius Iunius Numidianus Marcus Papirius Candidus Lucius Caecilius Maximus Quintus Caelius Flavianus Lucius Lucilius Priscilianus Lucius Pontius Bassus Lucius Pontius Mauricius Marcus Antonius Crispinus Tiberius Iulius Licinianus Caius Sulpicius Arrenianus Caius Licinius Licinianus Lucius Valerius Turbo Lucius Flavius Lucilianus Publius Marcius Maximillianus Marcus Statius Patruinus Marcus Statius Longinus iunior Marcus Valerius Turbo iunior Patroni eeqquites RRomani Publius Gerellanus Modestus Titus Ligerius Postuminus Titus Munatius Felix Titus Flavius Crocalianus Caius Galbius Soterianus Titus Aelius Rufus Titus Aelius Flavianus Quintus Coelius Sabinianus Quinquennalicii Titus Ligerius Postuminus Titus Annaeus Rufus Lucius Abuccius Proculus Titus Aelius Rufus Titus Aelius Flavianus Marcus Antonius Priscus Lucius Annius Secundus Allecti inter quinquennales Caius Galbius Soterianus Lucius Abbucius Iulianus Caius Silius Antius Publius Aelius Victorinus II viralicii Aulus Caesellius Proculus II Lucius Faenius Merops II Lucius Abuccius Maximianus Quintus Iunius Alexander II Marcus Aemilius Marcellus Caius Iulius Hospitalis Lucius Marcius Fortunatianus Caius Fulvius Satyrus Publius Libuscidius Victorinus Quintus Fabius Felicissimus Titus Aelius Antonius Lucius Herennius Arescunianus Titus Curius Salvianus Aulus Kanuleius Felicissimus Publius Sergius Bassaeus Publius Graecidius Firmus Marcus Athanius Felicissimus Caius Vibius Octavianus Tiberius Claudius Onesimianus Lucius Annius Pius Quintus Iunius Onesiphorus Caius Lucretius Venustus Aulus Fabius Cassianus Lucius Triccius Apollinaris Marcus Apronius Primus Publius Esquilius Silvanus Quintus Iunius Rusticus Publius Clodius Dasimianus Lucius Abuccius Felicinaus Aedilicii Titus Flavius Crocalianus Caius Ennius Marcianus Sextus Tedius Priscus Publius Graecidius Iustus Tiberius Claudius Candidus Marcus Servilius Helius Titus Artorius Minervalis Lucius Herennius Crescens Titus Flavius Marinus Lucius Clatius Secundinus Lucius Abuccius Euryalus Publius Marcius Carpophorus Lucius Dasimius Priscus Quintus Fabius Tialamus Tiberius Claudius Eutychianus Marcus Sempronius Sabinianus Caius Ennius Priscianus Lucius Faenius Merops iunior Marcus Antonius Vindex Quaestoricii Lucius Ceius Asclepiodotianus Lucius Abbucius Laberianus DecimusBalonius Felix Titus Flavius Iustus Titus Flavius Quintio Marcus Saufeius Constans Marcus Marcius Ianuarius Publius Sergius Augurinus Marcus Aurelius Acrisius Pedani Quintus Fabius Fabianus Lucius Vibius Iuventianus Publius Graecidius Vestinus Publius Carinatius Agathangelus Caius Terentius Priscinus Caius Pomponius Cupitus Caius Peticius Dionysius Sextus Calpurnius Aemilianus Lucius Novius Alticus Caius Vibius Saturninus Publius Pacilius Chrysomallus Titus Pomponius Felix Marcus Aurelius Maximus Decimus Agrius Pietas Quintus Iunius Silvanus Aulus Kanuleius Onesimianus Titus Pompeius Vitalis Caius Fufidius Rufus Titus Pompeius Alexander Caius Lucretius Venustus iunior Caius Iulius Stachys Marcus Athanius Felix Lucius Herennius Celsus Decimus Satrenius Satrenianus Titus Pompeius Attalus Publius Esquilius Silvanus Tiberius Claudius Onesimianus iunior Quintus Iunius Musogenes Publius Rutilius Tertullinus Tiberius Claudius Verus Marcus Ulpius Anthimus Publius Publicius Maximus Praetextati Titus Flavius Frontinus Caius Iulius Hospitalis iunior Lucius Abuccius Proculus iunior Marcus Aurelius Marullus Titus Aelius Nectareus Lucius Eggius Maximus Caius Vibius Marcellus Publius Publicius Maximus Iunior Lucius Annius Rufus Lucius Triccius Apollinaris iunior Marcus Aurelius Iulius Marcus Aurelius Agrippinus Lucius Attius Ianuarius Caius Galbius Atticillianus Caius Vibius Faustinus Titus Pompeius Asclepius Lucius Timinius Ponticus Marcus Aurelius Valens Caius Galbius Amandus Marcus Servilius Marcellus Marcus Gavius Rufus Lucius Dasimius Iustus Quintus Iunius Trophimianus Titus Flavius Silvinus Tiberius Claudius Fortunatus

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