1. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 20.10 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 240 | 20.10. "And the man that committeth adultery with another man’s wife, even he that committeth adultery with his neighbour’s wife, both the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.", |
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2. Tosefta, Sotah, 1.1, 13.6-13.10 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 38, 161| 1.1. "ר' יוסי בר' יהודה אמר משום ר' אלעזר מקנא ע\"פ עד אחד או ע\"פ עצמו ומשקה ע\"פ שנים השיבו [על דברי] ר' יוסי בר' יהודה אין [לדבר] סוף אי זו היא עדות הראשונה זו עדות סתירה [שניה] זו עדות טומאה וכמה היא טומאה כדי ביאה וכמה היא כדי ביאה כדי העראה וכמה היא העראה ר' אליעזר אומר כדי חזרת דקל ר' יהושע אומר כדי מזיגת [הכוס] בן עזאי אומר כדי לשתותו ר' עקיבה אומר [כדי שיקשור] הגרדי נימא חנן בן פינחס אומר כדי [שתשוט אצבע לתוך פה פלימו אומר כדי שתפשוט ידה ותטול ככר מתוך הסל אע\"פ] שאין ראיה לדבר זכר לדבר שנא' (משלי ו׳:כ״ו) כי בעד אשה זונה עד ככר לחם.", 13.6. "יוחנן כהן גדול שמע דבר מבית קדש הקדשים נצחין טליא דאזלי לאגחא קרבא באנטוכת וכתבו אותה [שעה] ואותו היום וכוונו ואותה שעה היתה שנצחו שמעון הצדיק שמע דבר מבית קדש הקדשים בטילת עבידתא דיאמר סנאה [לתתאה] להיכלא ונהרג גסקלנוס ובטלו גזירותיו ובלשון ארמי שמע.", 13.7. "כל זמן שהיה שמעון הצדיק קיים [היתה] נר מערבי תדיר משמת הלכו ומצאוהו שכבה מכאן ואילך מוצאין אותה פעמים כבה פעמים [דולק] כל זמן שהיה שמעון הצדיק קיים היתה מערכה תדירה כשמסדרין אותה בשחרית היתה מתגברת והולכות כל היום כולו והיו מקריבין עליה תמידין ומוספין ונסכיהן ולא היו מוסיפין עליה אלא שני גזרי עצים עם תמיד של בין הערבים כדי לקיים מצות [עצים] שנאמר (ויקרא ו׳:ה׳) ובער עליה הכהן משמת שמעון הצדיק תשש כחה של מערכה כשמסדרין אותה [משחרית] לא היו נמנעין מלהוסיף עליה עצים כל היום כולו כל זמן שהיה שמעון הצדיק קיים ברכה נכנסת בשתי [הלחם] ובלחם הפנים שתי הלחם מתחלקת בעצרת לכהנים ולחם הפנים ברגל לכל המשמרות [לאנשי משמר] יש מהן שאוכלין ושובעין ויש שאוכלין ומותירין ולא עלה ביד כל אחד ואחד אלא כזית משמת שמעון הצדיק לא היתה ברכה נכנסת לא בשתי הלחם ולא בלחם הפנים הצנועין מושכין ידיהן והגרגרנין חולקין ביניהם ולא עלה ביד כל אחד ואחד אלא כפול. מעשה בכהן אחד מצפורי שנטל חלקו וחלק חבירו ואעפ\"כ לא עלה בידו אלא כפול והיו קורין אותו בן [חמסן] עד היום.", 13.8. "שנה שמת בה שמעון הצדיק [אמר להם בשנה זו אני] מת אמרו לו מנין אתה יודע אמר להם כל ימות הכפורים היה זקן [אחד לובש] בגדים לבנים ומתכסה לבנים נכנס עמי [ויוצא] עמי שנה זו נכנס עמי ולא יצא לאחר הרגל חלה שבעת ימים ומת משמת שמעון הצדיק פסקו מלברך בשם <ס\"א> [נמנעו אחיו מלברך בשם].", 13.9. "מעוררין אלו הלוים [שאומר] על הדוכן (תהילים מד) עורה למה תישן ה' [וגו'] אמר להן ר' יוחנן בן זכאי וכי יש שינה לפניו והלא כבר נאמר (תהילים קכא) הנה לא ינום ולא יישן אלא כל זמן שישראל שרוין בצער ועובדי כוכבים [שרוין בשלוה כביכול] עורה למה תישן נוקפין אלו [שמכין את העגל] בין קרניו כדרך שעושין לעבודת כוכבים אמר להם יוחנן [כהן גדול] עד מתי אתם מאכילין [את המזבח טריפות].", | 13.8. "The year in which Shimon the Righteous died [he said to them] \"in this year I will die\" \"how do you know this?\" they responded. He (Shimon the Righteous) responded: \"all of the Yom Kippur days there was an old man dressed in all white who would go with me into the holy of holies and leave with me, on this year he went in with me but did not come out with me.\" Seven days passed after the holiday and he died. From the time of the death of Rebbi Shimon the Righteous they ceased blessing in the name of Hashem.", |
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3. Mishnah, Yoma, 1.3, 1.5-1.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 240| 1.3. "מָסְרוּ לוֹ זְקֵנִים מִזִּקְנֵי בֵית דִּין, וְקוֹרִין לְפָנָיו בְּסֵדֶר הַיּוֹם, וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ, אִישִׁי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, קְרָא אַתָּה בְּפִיךָ, שֶׁמָּא שָׁכַחְתָּ אוֹ שֶׁמָּא לֹא לָמָדְתָּ. עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שַׁחֲרִית, מַעֲמִידִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשַׁעַר מִזְרָח, וּמַעֲבִירִין לְפָנָיו פָּרִים וְאֵילִים וּכְבָשִׂים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא מַכִּיר וְרָגִיל בָּעֲבוֹדָה: \n", 1.5. "מְסָרוּהוּ זִקְנֵי בֵית דִּין לְזִקְנֵי כְהֻנָּה, וְהֶעֱלוּהוּ לַעֲלִיַּת בֵּית אַבְטִינָס, וְהִשְׁבִּיעוּהוּ וְנִפְטְרוּ וְהָלְכוּ לָהֶם. וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, אִישִׁי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, אָנוּ שְׁלוּחֵי בֵית דִּין, וְאַתָּה שְׁלוּחֵנוּ וּשְׁלִיחַ בֵּית דִּין, מַשְׁבִּיעִין אָנוּ עָלֶיךָ בְּמִי שֶׁשִּׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ בַבַּיִת הַזֶּה, שֶׁלֹּא תְשַׁנֶּה דָבָר מִכָּל מַה שֶּׁאָמַרְנוּ לָךְ. הוּא פוֹרֵשׁ וּבוֹכֶה, וְהֵן פּוֹרְשִׁין וּבוֹכִין: \n", 1.6. "אִם הָיָה חָכָם, דּוֹרֵשׁ. וְאִם לָאו, תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים דּוֹרְשִׁין לְפָנָיו. וְאִם רָגִיל לִקְרוֹת, קוֹרֵא. וְאִם לָאו, קוֹרִין לְפָנָיו. וּבַמֶּה קוֹרִין לְפָנָיו, בְּאִיּוֹב וּבְעֶזְרָא וּבְדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים. זְכַרְיָה בֶּן קְבוּטָל אוֹמֵר, פְּעָמִים הַרְבֵּה קָרִיתִי לְפָנָיו בְּדָנִיֵּאל: \n", | 1.3. "They delivered to him elders from the elders of the court and they read before him [throughout the seven days] from the order of the day. And they say to him, “Sir, high priest, you read it yourself with your own mouth, lest you have forgotten or lest you have never learned.” On the eve of Yom HaKippurim in the morning they place him at the eastern gate and pass before him oxen, rams and sheep, so that he may recognize and become familiar with the service.", 1.5. "The elders of the court handed him over to the elders of the priesthood and they took him up to the upper chamber of the house of Avtinas. They adjured him and then left. And they said to him [when leaving]: “Sir, high priest, we are messengers of the court and you are our messenger and the messenger of the court. We adjure you by the one that caused His name dwell in this house that you do not change anything of what we said to you.” He turned aside and wept and they turned aside and wept.", 1.6. "If he was a sage he would expound, and if not, the disciples of the sages would expound before him. If he was familiar with reading [the Scriptures] he would read, if not they would read before him. From what would they read before him? From Job, Ezra and Chronicles. Zechariah ben Kv’utal says: I have often read before him from Daniel.", |
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4. Mishnah, Sukkah, 3.13, 4.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 243| 3.13. "יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, כָּל הָעָם מוֹלִיכִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת. לַמָּחֳרָת מַשְׁכִּימִין וּבָאִין, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מַכִּיר אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ, וְנוֹטְלוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, אֵין אָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג בְּלוּלָבוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ. וּשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הֶחָג, אָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּלוּלָבוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ: \n", 4.4. "מִצְוַת לוּלָב כֵּיצַד. יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, מוֹלִיכִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן לְהַר הַבַּיִת, וְהַחַזָּנִין מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן וְסוֹדְרִין אוֹתָן עַל גַּב הָאִצְטַבָּא, וְהַזְּקֵנִים מַנִּיחִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶן בַּלִּשְׁכָּה. וּמְלַמְּדִים אוֹתָם לוֹמַר, כָּל מִי שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לוּלָבִי בְיָדוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא לוֹ בְמַתָּנָה. לְמָחָר מַשְׁכִּימִין וּבָאִין, וְהַחַזָּנִין זוֹרְקִין אוֹתָם לִפְנֵיהֶם. וְהֵן מְחַטְּפִין וּמַכִּין אִישׁ אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. וּכְשֶׁרָאוּ בֵית דִּין שֶׁבָּאוּ לִידֵי סַכָּנָה, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא כָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד נוֹטֵל בְּבֵיתוֹ: \n", | 3.13. "If the first day of the festival falls on Shabbat, all the people bring their lulavim to the synagogue [on Friday]. The next day they arise early [and come to the synagogue] and each one recognizes his own [lulav] and takes it, since the sages said “one cannot fulfill his obligation on the first day of the festival with his friend’s lulav.” But on the other days of the festival one may fulfill his obligation with the lulav of his fellow.", 4.4. "The mitzvah of the lulav how was it carried out? If the first day of the festival fell on Shabbat, they brought their lulavim to the Temple Mount, and the attendants would receive them and arrange them on top of the portico, and the elders laid theirs in the chamber. And they would teach the people to say, “Whoever gets my lulav in his hand, let it be his as a gift.” The next day they got up early, and came [to the Temple Mount] and the attendants threw down [their lulavim] before them, and they snatched at them, and so they used to come to blows with one another. When the court saw that they reached a state of danger, they instituted that each man should take [his lulav] in his own home.", |
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5. Mishnah, Sotah, 1.1, 1.4-1.5, 2.2, 3.6-3.7, 4.4, 4.6, 5.1, 5.4, 6.1, 6.3, 6.8, 9.9-9.16 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 4, 161, 162, 164, 240| 1.1. "הַמְקַנֵּא לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְקַנֵּא לָהּ עַל פִּי שְׁנַיִם, וּמַשְׁקָהּ עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד אוֹ עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מְקַנֵּא לָהּ עַל פִּי שְׁנַיִם וּמַשְׁקָהּ עַל פִּי שְׁנָיִם: \n", 1.4. "הָיוּ מַעֲלִין אוֹתָהּ לְבֵית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, וּמְאַיְּמִין עָלֶיהָ כְדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמְּאַיְּמִין עַל עֵדֵי נְפָשׁוֹת. וְאוֹמְרִים לָהּ, בִּתִּי, הַרְבֵּה יַיִן עוֹשֶׂה, הַרְבֵּה שְׂחוֹק עוֹשֶׂה, הַרְבֵּה יַלְדוּת עוֹשָׂה, הַרְבֵּה שְׁכֵנִים הָרָעִים עוֹשִׂים. עֲשִׂי לִשְׁמוֹ הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁנִּכְתַּב בִּקְדֻשָּׁה, שֶׁלֹּא יִמָּחֶה עַל הַמָּיִם. וְאוֹמְרִים לְפָנֶיהָ דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵינָהּ כְּדַאי לְשׁוֹמְעָן, הִיא וְכָל מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית אָבִיהָ: \n", 1.5. "אִם אָמְרָה טְמֵאָה אָנִי, שׁוֹבֶרֶת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ וְיוֹצֵאת. וְאִם אָמְרָה טְהוֹרָה אָנִי, מַעֲלִין אוֹתָהּ לְשַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח שֶׁעַל פֶּתַח שַׁעַר נִקָּנוֹר, שֶׁשָּׁם מַשְׁקִין אֶת הַסּוֹטוֹת, וּמְטַהֲרִין אֶת הַיּוֹלְדוֹת, וּמְטַהֲרִין אֶת הַמְּצֹרָעִים. וְכֹהֵן אוֹחֵז בִּבְגָדֶיהָ, אִם נִקְרְעוּ נִקְרָעוּ, אִם נִפְרְמוּ נִפְרָמוּ, עַד שֶׁהוּא מְגַלֶּה אֶת לִבָּהּ, וְסוֹתֵר אֶת שְׂעָרָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה לִבָּהּ נָאֶה, לֹא הָיָה מְגַלֵּהוּ. וְאִם הָיָה שְׂעָרָהּ נָאֶה, לֹא הָיָה סוֹתְרוֹ: \n", 2.2. "הָיָה מֵבִיא פְיָלִי שֶׁל חֶרֶס חֲדָשָׁה, וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֲצִי לֹג מַיִם מִן הַכִּיּוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, רְבִיעִית. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמְּמַעֵט בַּכְּתָב, כָּךְ מְמַעֵט בַּמָּיִם. נִכְנַס לַהֵיכָל וּפָנָה לִימִינוֹ, וּמָקוֹם הָיָה שָׁם אַמָּה עַל אַמָּה, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ, וְטַבַּעַת הָיְתָה קְבוּעָה בָהּ. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַגְבִּיהָהּ, נוֹטֵל עָפָר מִתַּחְתֶּיהָ וְנוֹתֵן כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה עַל הַמַּיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ה) וּמִן הֶעָפָר אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בְּקַרְקַע הַמִּשְׁכָּן יִקַּח הַכֹּהֵן וְנָתַן אֶל הַמָּיִם: \n", 3.6. "נִטְמֵאת מִנְחָתָהּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא קָדְשָׁה בַכְּלִי, הֲרֵי הִיא כְּכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת וְתִפָּדֶה, וְאִם מִשֶּׁקָּדְשָׁה בַכְּלִי, הֲרֵי הִיא כְּכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת וְתִשָּׂרֵף. וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁמִּנְחוֹתֵיהֶן נִשְׂרָפוֹת, הָאוֹמֶרֶת טְמֵאָה אֲנִי לְךָ, וְשֶׁבָּאוּ לָהּ עֵדִים שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה, וְהָאוֹמֶרֶת אֵינִי שׁוֹתָה, וְשֶׁבַּעְלָהּ אֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לְהַשְׁקוֹתָהּ, וְשֶׁבַּעְלָהּ בָּא עָלֶיהָ בַדֶּרֶךְ. וְכָל הַנְּשׂוּאוֹת לְכֹהֲנִים, מִנְחוֹתֵיהֶן נִשְׂרָפוֹת: \n", 3.7. "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, מִנְחָתָהּ נִשְׂרֶפֶת. וְכֹהֶנֶת שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, מִנְחָתָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת. מַה בֵּין כֹּהֵן לְכֹהֶנֶת, מִנְחַת כֹּהֶנֶת נֶאֱכֶלֶת, מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן אֵינָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת. כֹּהֶנֶת מִתְחַלֶּלֶת, וְכֹהֵן אֵין מִתְחַלֵּל. כֹּהֶנֶת מִטַּמְּאָה לְמֵתִים, וְאֵין כֹּהֵן מִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים. כֹּהֵן אוֹכֵל בְּקָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, וְאֵין כֹּהֶנֶת אוֹכֶלֶת בְּקָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים: \n", 4.4. "אֵשֶׁת כֹּהֵן שׁוֹתָה וּמֻתֶּרֶת לְבַעְלָהּ. אֵשֶׁת סָרִיס שׁוֹתָה. עַל יְדֵי כָל עֲרָיוֹת מְקַנִּין, חוּץ מִן הַקָּטָן, וּמִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ אִישׁ: \n", 5.1. "כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהַמַּיִם בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתָהּ, כָּךְ הַמַּיִם בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ה) וּבָאוּ, וּבָאוּ. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֲסוּרָה לַבַּעַל, כָּךְ אֲסוּרָה לַבּוֹעֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) נִטְמְאָה, וְנִטְמָאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כָּךְ הָיָה דוֹרֵשׁ זְכַרְיָה בֶן הַקַּצָּב. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי פְעָמִים הָאֲמוּרִים בַּפָּרָשָׁה אִם נִטְמְאָה נִטְמָאָה, אֶחָד לַבַּעַל וְאֶחָד לַבּוֹעֵל: \n", 5.4. "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא (שמות טו), אָז יָשִׁיר משֶׁה וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הַשִּׁירָה הַזֹּאת לַה' וַיֹּאמְרוּ לֵאמֹר, שֶׁאֵין תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר לֵאמֹר, וּמַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר לֵאמֹר, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו שֶׁל משֶׁה עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר, כְּקוֹרִין אֶת הַהַלֵּל, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר לֵאמֹר. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, כְּקוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע וְלֹא כְקוֹרִין אֶת הַהַלֵּל: \n", 6.1. "מִי שֶׁקִּנֵּא לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וְנִסְתְּרָה, אֲפִלּוּ שָׁמַע מֵעוֹף הַפּוֹרֵחַ, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂאוּ וְיִתְּנוּ בָהּ מוֹזְרוֹת בַּלְּבָנָה: \n", 6.3. "שֶׁהָיָה בְדִין, וּמָה אִם עֵדוּת רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁאֵין אוֹסַרְתָּהּ אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, אֵינָהּ מִתְקַיֶּמֶת בְּפָחוֹת מִשְּׁנַיִם, עֵדוּת אַחֲרוֹנָה שֶׁאוֹסַרְתָּהּ אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁלֹּא תִתְקַיֵּם בְּפָחוֹת מִשְּׁנָיִם, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְעֵד אֵין בָּהּ, כָּל עֵדוּת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ. קַל וָחֹמֶר לָעֵדוּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מֵעַתָּה, וּמָה אִם עֵדוּת אַחֲרוֹנָה שֶׁאוֹסַרְתָּהּ אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, הֲרֵי הִיא מִתְקַיֶּמֶת בְּעֵד אֶחָד, עֵדוּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁאֵין אוֹסַרְתָּהּ אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁתִּתְקַיֵּם בְּעֵד אֶחָד, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (דברים כד) כִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר, וּלְהַלָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר (שם יט), עַל פִּי שְׁנֵי עֵדִים יָקוּם דָּבָר, מַה לְּהַלָּן עַל פִּי שְׁנַיִם עֵדִים, אַף כָּאן עַל פִּי שְׁנַיִם עֵדִים: \n", 9.9. "מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ הָרַצְחָנִים, בָּטְלָה עֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה, מִשֶּׁבָּא אֶלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן דִּינַאי, וּתְחִינָה בֶּן פְּרִישָׁה הָיָה נִקְרָא, חָזְרוּ לִקְרוֹתוֹ בֶּן הָרַצְחָן. מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ הַמְנָאֲפִים, פָּסְקוּ הַמַּיִם הַמָּרִים, וְרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי הִפְסִיקָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (הושע ד) לֹא אֶפְקוֹד עַל בְּנוֹתֵיכֶם כִּי תִזְנֶינָה וְעַל כַּלּוֹתֵיכֶם כִּי תְנָאַפְנָה כִּי הֵם וְגוֹ'. מִשֶּׁמֵּת יוֹסֵי בֶן יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ צְרֵדָה וְיוֹסֵי בֶן יוֹחָנָן אִישׁ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, בָּטְלוּ הָאֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מיכה ז) אֵין אֶשְׁכּוֹל לֶאֱכֹל בִּכּוּרָה אִוְּתָה נַפְשִׁי: \n", 9.10. "יוֹחָנָן כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל הֶעֱבִיר הוֹדָיַת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. אַף הוּא בִטֵּל אֶת הַמְעוֹרְרִין וְאֶת הַנּוֹקְפִין. עַד יָמָיו הָיָה פַטִּישׁ מַכֶּה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם. וּבְיָמָיו אֵין אָדָם צָרִיךְ לִשְׁאֹל עַל הַדְּמָאי: \n", 9.11. "מִשֶּׁבָּטְלָה סַנְהֶדְרִין, בָּטְלָה הַשִּׁיר מִבֵּית הַמִּשְׁתָּאוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה כד) בַּשִּׁיר לֹא יִשְׁתּוּ יָיִן וְגוֹ': \n", 9.12. "מִשֶּׁמֵּתוּ נְבִיאִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, בָּטְלוּ אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים. מִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, בָּטַל הַשָּׁמִיר וְנֹפֶת צוּפִים, וּפָסְקוּ אַנְשֵׁי אֲמָנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים יב) הוֹשִׁיעָה ה' כִּי גָמַר חָסִיד וְגוֹ'. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מִיּוֹם שֶׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, אֵין יוֹם שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ קְלָלָה, וְלֹא יָרַד הַטַּל לִבְרָכָה, וְנִטַּל טַעַם הַפֵּרוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף נִטַּל שֹׁמֶן הַפֵּרוֹת: \n", 9.13. "רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הַטָּהֳרָה נָטְלָה אֶת הַטַּעַם וְאֶת הָרֵיחַ. הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת נָטְלוּ אֶת שֹׁמֶן הַדָּגָן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַזְּנוּת וְהַכְּשָׁפִים כִּלּוּ אֶת הַכֹּל: \n", 9.14. "בַּפֻּלְמוֹס שֶׁל אַסְפַּסְיָנוּס גָּזְרוּ עַל עַטְרוֹת חֲתָנִים, וְעַל הָאֵרוּס. בַּפֻּלְמוֹס שֶׁל טִיטוּס גָּזְרוּ עַל עַטְרוֹת כַּלּוֹת, וְשֶׁלֹא יְלַמֵּד אָדָם אֶת בְּנוֹ יְוָנִית. בַּפֻּלְמוֹס הָאַחֲרוֹן גָּזְרוּ שֶׁלֹּא תֵצֵא הַכַּלָּה בָּאַפִּרְיוֹן בְּתוֹךְ הָעִיר, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ הִתִּירוּ שֶׁתֵּצֵא הַכַּלָּה בָּאַפִּרְיוֹן בְּתוֹךְ הָעִיר: \n", 9.15. "מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי מֵאִיר, בָּטְלוּ מוֹשְׁלֵי מְשָׁלִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת בֶּן עַזַּאי, בָּטְלוּ הַשַּׁקְדָּנִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת בֶּן זוֹמָא, בָּטְלוּ הַדַּרְשָׁנִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, פָּסְקָה טוֹבָה מִן הָעוֹלָם. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, בָּא גוֹבַי וְרַבּוּ צָרוֹת. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, פָּסַק הָעשֶׁר מִן הַחֲכָמִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, בָּטַל כְּבוֹד הַתּוֹרָה. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא, בָּטְלוּ אַנְשֵׁי מַעֲשֶׂה. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי יוֹסֵי קַטְנוּתָא, פָּסְקוּ חֲסִידִים. וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ קַטְנוּתָא, שֶׁהָיָה קַטְנוּתָן שֶׁל חֲסִידִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, בָּטַל זִיו הַחָכְמָה. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן, בָּטַל כְּבוֹד הַתּוֹרָה וּמֵתָה טָהֳרָה וּפְרִישׁוּת. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֶּן פָּאבִי, בָּטַל זִיו הַכְּהֻנָּה. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי, בָּטְלָה עֲנָוָה וְיִרְאַת חֵטְא. רַבִּי פִנְחָס בֶּן יָאִיר אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, בּוֹשׁוּ חֲבֵרִים וּבְנֵי חוֹרִין, וְחָפוּ רֹאשָׁם, וְנִדַּלְדְּלוּ אַנְשֵׁי מַעֲשֶׂה, וְגָבְרוּ בַעֲלֵי זְרוֹעַ וּבַעֲלֵי לָשׁוֹן, וְאֵין דּוֹרֵשׁ וְאֵין מְבַקֵּשׁ, וְאֵין שׁוֹאֵל, עַל מִי לָנוּ לְהִשָּׁעֵן, עַל אָבִינוּ שֶׁבַּשָּׁמָיִם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר הַגָּדוֹל אוֹמֵר, מִיּוֹם שֶׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, שָׁרוּ חַכִּימַיָּא לְמֶהֱוֵי כְסָפְרַיָּא, וְסָפְרַיָּא כְּחַזָּנָא, וְחַזָּנָא כְּעַמָּא דְאַרְעָא, וְעַמָּא דְאַרְעָא אָזְלָא וְדַלְדְּלָה, וְאֵין מְבַקֵּשׁ, עַל מִי יֵשׁ לְהִשָּׁעֵן, עַל אָבִינוּ שֶׁבַּשָּׁמָיִם. בְּעִקְּבוֹת מְשִׁיחָא חֻצְפָּא יִסְגֵּא, וְיֹקֶר יַאֲמִיר, הַגֶּפֶן תִּתֵּן פִּרְיָהּ וְהַיַּיִן בְּיֹקֶר, וְהַמַּלְכוּת תֵּהָפֵךְ לְמִינוּת, וְאֵין תּוֹכֵחָה, בֵּית וַעַד יִהְיֶה לִזְנוּת, וְהַגָּלִיל יֶחֱרַב, וְהַגַּבְלָן יִשּׁוֹם, וְאַנְשֵׁי הַגְּבוּל יְסוֹבְבוּ מֵעִיר לְעִיר וְלֹא יְחוֹנָּנוּ, וְחָכְמַת סוֹפְרִים תִּסְרַח, וְיִרְאֵי חֵטְא יִמָּאֲסוּ, וְהָאֱמֶת תְּהֵא נֶעְדֶּרֶת. נְעָרִים פְּנֵי זְקֵנִים יַלְבִּינוּ, זְקֵנִים יַעַמְדוּ מִפְּנֵי קְטַנִּים. (מיכה ז) בֵּן מְנַבֵּל אָב, בַּת קָמָה בְאִמָּהּ, כַּלָּה בַּחֲמֹתָהּ, אֹיְבֵי אִישׁ אַנְשֵׁי בֵיתוֹ. פְּנֵי הַדּוֹר כִּפְנֵי הַכֶּלֶב, הַבֵּן אֵינוֹ מִתְבַּיֵּשׁ מֵאָבִיו. וְעַל מִי יֵשׁ לָנוּ לְהִשָּׁעֵן, עַל אָבִינוּ שֶׁבַּשָּׁמָיִם. רַבִּי פִנְחָס בֶּן יָאִיר אוֹמֵר, זְרִיזוּת מְבִיאָה לִידֵי נְקִיּוּת, וּנְקִיּוּת מְבִיאָה לִידֵי טָהֳרָה, וְטָהֳרָה מְבִיאָה לִידֵי פְרִישׁוּת, וּפְרִישׁוּת מְבִיאָה לִידֵי קְדֻשָּׁה, וּקְדֻשָּׁה מְבִיאָה לִידֵי עֲנָוָה, וַעֲנָוָה מְבִיאָה לִידֵי יִרְאַת חֵטְא, וְיִרְאַת חֵטְא מְבִיאָה לִידֵי חֲסִידוּת, וַחֲסִידוּת מְבִיאָה לִידֵי רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, וְרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְבִיאָה לִידֵי תְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים, וּתְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים בָּא עַל יְדֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ זָכוּר לַטּוֹב, אָמֵן: \n", | 1.1. "One who warns his wife [not to associate with a certain man]: Rabbi Eliezer says: he warns her on the testimony of two witnesses, and makes her drink [the bitter waters] on the testimony of one witness or on his own testimony. Rabbi Joshua says: he warns her on the testimony of two and makes her drink on the testimony of two.", 1.4. "They bring her up to the great court which is in Jerusalem, and [the judges] solemnly admonish her in the same way that they admonish witnesses in capital cases. And they say to her, “My daughter, much is done by wine does much, much is done by frivolity, much is done by youth, much is done by bad neighbors. For the sake of His great name which is written in holiness do it so that it may not be rubbed out on the water.” And they say to her matters which neither she nor all the family of her father's house is worthy to hear.", 1.5. "If she said, “I am defiled to you”, she gives him a receipt for her ketubah and goes out [with a get]. But if she says, “I am pure”, they bring her up to the east gate, Nicanor’s gate, where they give women suspected of adultery the water to drink, purify women after childbirth and purify lepers. A priest seizes her clothing if they are torn, then they are torn, and if they become unstitched, then they are unstitched, until he uncovers her bosom, and he undoes [the braids of] her hair. Rabbi Judah says: if her bosom was beautiful he does not uncover it, and if her hair was beautiful he does not undo it.", 2.2. "[The priest] takes an earthenware bowl and pours half a log of water into it from the laver. Rabbi Judah says: a quarter [of a log]. Just as [Rabbi Judah] reduces the amount of writing, so he reduces the quantity of water. [Then the priest] enters the temple and turns to his right and there was a place there [on the floor] that was a cubit by a cubit, and a marble tablet, to which a ring was attached. When he would lift this up, he would take some dust from beneath it which he puts [into the bowl] so that it would be seen on top of the water; as it is said, “And of the dust that is on the floor of the Tabernacle the priest shall take, and put it into the water” (Numbers 5:17).", 3.6. "If her meal-offering became defiled before it was sanctified in the ministering vessel, behold it is like all meal-offerings [similarly defiled] and can be redeemed. But if [it became defiled] after it had been sanctified in the ministering vessel, behold it is like all meal-offerings [similarly defiled] and it is burned. These are the ones whose meal-offerings are burned: She who says, “I am defiled to you”; And when witnesses came [and testified] that she had been defiled; She who says “I refuse to drink”, She whose husband refuses to let her drink; And she whose husband had relations with her on the journey [to Jerusalem]. And the meal-offerings of all women married to priests are burned.", 3.7. "The meal-offering of the daughter of an Israelite who is married to a priest is burned. But the meal-offering of the daughter of a priest who is married to an Israelite is eaten. What [differences are there in law] between a priest and a priest's daughter? The meal-offering of a priest’s daughter is eaten but the meal-offering of a priest is not eaten. A priest’s daughter may become deconsecrated, but a priest does not become deconsecrated. A priest’s daughter may defile herself by contact with the dead, but a priest may not defile himself by contact with the dead. A priest eats of the most holy things, but a priest’s daughter may not eat of the most holy things.", 4.4. "The wife of a priest drinks and [if she is found to be innocent] is permitted to her husband. The wife of a eunuch drinks. Through [seclusion with] all persons forbidden to her in marriage wives are subjected to warning with the exception of a minor and one not a human.", 5.1. "Just as the water checks her so the water checks him, as it is said, “And shall enter”, “And shall enter” (Numbers 5:22,. Just as she is prohibited to the husband so is she prohibited to the lover, as it is said, “defiled … and is defiled” (Numbers 5:27,, the words of Rabbi Akiba. Rabbi Joshua said: thus Zechariah ben Hakatzav used to expound. Rabbi says: twice in the portion, “If she is defiled…defiled”--one referring [to her being prohibited] to the husband and the other to the paramour.", 5.4. "On that day Rabbi Akiva expounded, “Then Moses and the children of Israel sang this song unto the Lord and said saying” (Exodus 15:. For the Torah did not need to say “saying”, so why did the Torah say “saying”? It teaches that the Israelites responded to every sentence after Moses, in the manner of reading Hallel; that is why it says “saying”. Rabbi Nehemiah says: as is the reading the Shema and not Hallel.", 6.1. "If a man warned his wife and she secluded herself [with another man], even if he heard [that she had done so] from a flying bird, he must divorce her and give her the ketubah, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: until women who spin by moonlight discuss her.", 6.3. "For it would have been logical: Now if the first evidence [that the woman had secluded herself with the man], which does not prohibit her [to her husband] for all time, is not established by fewer than two witnesses, is it not logical that the final evidence [that she had been defiled] which does prohibit her to him for all time, should not be established by fewer than two witnesses! Scripture states, “And there is no witness against her” (Numbers 5:13) whatever testimony there may be against her [is believed]. And now with respect to the first evidence [about her seclusion with the man] there is an a fortiori (kal vehomer) argument: Now if the final evidence [regarding her being defiled], which prohibits her to her husband for all time, is established by one witness, is it not logical that the first evidence, which does not prohibit her to him for all time, should be established by one witness! Scripture states, “Because he has found some unseemly matter in her” (Deuteronomy 24:1), and elsewhere [Scripture] states, “By the mouth of two witnesses ... shall the matter be established” (Deuteronomy 19:15); just as the “matter” mentioned in this latter case must be based on the testimony of two witnesses, so also here [in the case of the suspected woman] the “matter” must be based on the testimony of two witnesses.", 9.9. "When murderers multiplied, the [ceremony of] breaking a heifer’s neck ceased. That was from the time of Eliezer ben Dinai, and he was also called Tehinah ben Perisha and he was afterwards renamed “son of the murderer”. When adulterers multiplied, the ceremony of the bitter waters ceased and it was Rabban Yoha ben Zakkai who discontinued it, as it is said, “I will not punish their daughters for fornicating, nor their daughters-in-law for committing adultery, for they themselves [turn aside with whores and sacrifice with prostitutes]” (Hosea 4:14). When Yose ben Yoezer of Zeredah and Yose ben Yoha of Jerusalem died, the grape-clusters ceased, as it is said, “There is not a cluster [of grapes] to eat; not a ripe fig I could desire [The pious are vanished from the land, none upright are left among men” (Micah 7:1-2).", 9.10. "Yoha the high priest brought to an end the confession made at the presentation of the tithe. He also discontinued the wakers and the knockers Up to his days the hammer used to strike in Jerusalem, And in his days there was no need to inquire about doubtfully tithed produce.", 9.11. "When the Sanhedrin ceased [to function], song ceased from the places of feasting, as it is said, “They drink their wine without song” (Isaiah 24:9).", 9.12. "When the former prophets died, the Urim and Thummim ceased. When Temple was destroyed, the shamir and nopheth zufim ceased. And people of faith ceased, as it says, “Help, O Lord, for the faithful are no more” (Psalms 12:2). Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel in the name of Rabbi Joshua: from the day the Temple was destroyed, there is no day without a curse, the dew has not descended for a blessing, and the flavor has departed from produce. Rabbi Yose says: the fatness was also removed from produce.", 9.13. "Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: [the cessation of observation of the] purity laws has removed taste and fragrance, [the cessation of observation of] the tithes has removed the fatness of grain. But the Sages say: licentiousness and sorcery destroyed everything.", 9.14. "During the war with Vespasian they [the rabbis] decreed against [the use of] crowns worn by bridegrooms and against [the use of] the bell. During the war with Quietus they decreed against [the use of] crowns worn by brides and that nobody should teach their child Greek. During the final war they decreed that a bride should not go out in a palanquin inside the city, but our rabbis decreed that a bride may go out in a palanquin inside the city.", 9.15. "When Rabbi Meir died, the composers of fables ceased. When Ben Azzai died, the diligent students [of Torah] ceased. When Ben Zoma died, the expounders ceased. When Rabbi Joshua died, goodness ceased from the world. When Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel died, locusts come and troubles multiplied. When Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah died, the sages ceased to be wealthy. When Rabbi Akiba died, the glory of the Torah ceased. When Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa died, men of wondrous deeds ceased. When Rabbi Yose Katnuta died, the pious men (hasidim) ceased and why was his name called Katnuta? Because he was the youngest of the pious men. When Rabban Yoha ben Zakkai died, the splendor of wisdom ceased. When Rabban Gamaliel the elder died, the glory of the torah ceased, and purity and separateness perished. When Rabbi Ishmael ben Fabi died, the splendor of the priesthood ceased. When Rabbi died, humility and fear of sin ceased. Rabbi Phineas ben Yair says: when Temple was destroyed, scholars and freemen were ashamed and covered their head, men of wondrous deeds were disregarded, and violent men and big talkers grew powerful. And nobody expounds, nobody seeks, and nobody asks. Upon whom shall we depend? Upon our father who is in heaven. Rabbi Eliezer the Great says: from the day the Temple was destroyed, the sages began to be like scribes, scribes like synagogue-attendants, synagogue-attendants like common people, and the common people became more and more debased. And nobody seeks. Upon whom shall we depend? Upon our father who is in heaven. In the footsteps of the messiah insolence (hutzpah) will increase and the cost of living will go up greatly; the vine will yield its fruit, but wine will be expensive; the government will turn to heresy, and there will be no one to rebuke; the meeting-place [of scholars] will be used for licentiousness; the Galilee will be destroyed, the Gablan will be desolated, and the dwellers on the frontier will go about [begging] from place to place without anyone to take pity on them; the wisdom of the learned will rot, fearers of sin will be despised, and the truth will be lacking; youths will put old men to shame, the old will stand up in the presence of the young, “For son spurns father, daughter rises up against mother, daughter-in-law against mother-in-law a man’s own household are his enemies” (Micah 7:6). The face of the generation will be like the face of a dog, a son will not feel ashamed before his father. Upon whom shall we depend? Upon our father who is in heaven. Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair says, “Heedfulness leads to cleanliness, cleanliness leads to purity, purity leads to separation, separation leads to holiness, holiness leads to modesty, modesty leads to fear of sin, fear of sin leads to piety, piety leads to the Holy Spirit, The Holy Spirit leads to the resurrection of the dead, and the resurrection of the dead comes from Elijah, blessed be his memory, Amen.”", |
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| 6. Mishnah, Sanhedrin, 5-6, 4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 163 |
7. Mishnah, Rosh Hashanah, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 1.9-2.7, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.8, 2.9 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 244| 1.6. "מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁעָבְרוּ יוֹתֵר מֵאַרְבָּעִים זוּג, וְעִכְּבָן רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בְלוּד. שָׁלַח לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אִם מְעַכֵּב אַתָּה אֶת הָרַבִּים, נִמְצֵאתָ מַכְשִׁילָן לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא: \n", | 1.6. "It happened that more than forty pairs of witnesses were on their way [to Jerusalem] and Rabbi Akiva detained them in Lod. Rabban Gamaliel sent to him saying: if you prevent the multitude [from coming to provide testimony] it will turn out that you cause them to stumble in the future.", |
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| 8. Mishnah, Pesahim, 10 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 163 |
9. Mishnah, Middot, 1.2, 1.9, 3.3, 4.2-4.5, 5.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 164, 243| 1.2. "אִישׁ הַר הַבַּיִת הָיָה מְחַזֵּר עַל כָּל מִשְׁמָר וּמִשְׁמָר, וַאֲבוּקוֹת דּוֹלְקִין לְפָנָיו, וְכָל מִשְׁמָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד, אוֹמֵר לוֹ אִישׁ הַר הַבַּיִת, שָׁלוֹם עָלֶיךָ. נִכָּר שֶׁהוּא יָשֵׁן, חוֹבְטוֹ בְמַקְלוֹ. וּרְשׁוּת הָיָה לוֹ לִשְׂרֹף אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ. וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים, מַה קּוֹל בָּעֲזָרָה. קוֹל בֶּן לֵוִי לוֹקֶה וּבְגָדָיו נִשְׂרָפִין, שֶׁיָּשֵׁן לוֹ עַל מִשְׁמָרוֹ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, פַּעַם אַחַת מָצְאוּ אֶת אֲחִי אִמָּא יָשֵׁן, וְשָׂרְפוּ אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ: \n", 1.9. "וּמָקוֹם הָיָה שָׁם, אַמָּה עַל אַמָּה, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ וְטַבַּעַת הָיְתָה קְבוּעָה בָהּ, וְשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁהַמַּפְתְּחוֹת הָיוּ תְלוּיוֹת בָּהּ. הִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַנְּעִילָה, הִגְבִּיהַּ אֶת הַטַּבְלָא בַּטַּבַּעַת וְנָטַל אֶת הַמַּפְתְּחוֹת מִן הַשַּׁלְשֶׁלֶת, וְנָעַל הַכֹּהֵן מִבִּפְנִים, וּבֶן לֵוִי יָשֵׁן לוֹ מִבַּחוּץ. גָּמַר מִלִּנְעֹל, הֶחֱזִיר אֶת הַמַּפְתְּחוֹת לַשַּׁלְשֶׁלֶת וְאֶת הַטַּבְלָא לִמְקוֹמָהּ, נָתַן כְּסוּתוֹ עָלֶיהָ, יָשֵׁן לוֹ. אֵרַע קֶרִי בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם, יוֹצֵא וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ בַמְּסִבָּה הַהוֹלֶכֶת תַּחַת הַבִּירָה, וְהַנֵּרוֹת דּוֹלְקִים מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן, עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְבֵית הַטְּבִילָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, בַּמְּסִבָּה הַהוֹלֶכֶת תַּחַת הַחֵיל יוֹצֵא וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ בְּטָדִי: \n", 3.3. "לְמַטָּה בָרִצְפָה בְּאוֹתָהּ הַקֶּרֶן, מָקוֹם הָיָה שָׁם אַמָּה עַל אַמָּה, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ, וְטַבַּעַת הָיְתָה קְבוּעָה בָהּ, שֶׁבּוֹ יוֹרְדִין לַשִּׁית וּמְנַקִּין אוֹתוֹ. וְכֶבֶשׁ הָיָה לִדְרוֹמוֹ שֶׁל מִזְבֵּחַ, שְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם עַל רֹחַב שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, וּרְבוּבָה הָיְתָה לוֹ בְּמַעֲרָבוֹ, שֶׁשָּׁם הָיוּ נוֹתְנִים פְּסוּלֵי חַטַּאת הָעוֹף: \n", 4.2. "וּשְׁנֵי פִשְׁפָּשִׁין הָיוּ לוֹ לַשַּׁעַר הַגָּדוֹל, אֶחָד בַּצָּפוֹן, וְאֶחָד בַּדָּרוֹם. שֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם, לֹא נִכְנַס בּוֹ אָדָם מֵעוֹלָם, וְעָלָיו הוּא מְפֹרָשׁ עַל יְדֵי יְחֶזְקֵאל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם מד), וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי ה' הַשַּׁעַר הַזֶּה סָגוּר יִהְיֶה לֹא יִפָּתֵחַ וְאִישׁ לֹא יָבֹא בוֹ כִּי ה' אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּא בוֹ וְהָיָה סָגוּר. נָטַל אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ וּפָתַח אֶת הַפִּשְׁפָּשׁ, וְנִכְנַס לְהַתָּא, וּמֵהַתָּא לַהֵיכָל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּתוֹךְ עָבְיוֹ שֶׁל כֹּתֶל הָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ, עַד שֶׁנִּמְצָא עוֹמֵד בֵּין שְׁנֵי הַשְּׁעָרִים, וּפָתַח אֶת הַחִיצוֹנוֹת מִבִּפְנִים וְאֶת הַפְּנִימִיּוֹת מִבַּחוּץ: \n", 4.3. "וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁמֹנָה תָאִים הָיוּ שָׁם, חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בַּצָּפוֹן, חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בַּדָּרוֹם, וּשְׁמֹנָה בַּמַּעֲרָב. שֶׁבַּצָּפוֹן וְשֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם, חֲמִשָּׁה עַל גַּבֵּי חֲמִשָּׁה, וַחֲמִשָּׁה עַל גַּבֵּיהֶם. וְשֶׁבַּמַּעֲרָב, שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁלֹשָׁה, וּשְׁנַיִם עַל גַּבֵּיהֶם. וּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְתָחִים הָיוּ לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, אֶחָד לַתָּא מִן הַיָּמִין, וְאֶחָד לַתָּא מִן הַשְּׂמֹאל, וְאֶחָד לַתָּא שֶׁעַל גַּבָּיו. וּבְקֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית הָיוּ חֲמִשָּׁה פְתָחִים, אֶחָד לַתָּא מִן הַיָּמִין, וְאֶחָד לַתָּא שֶׁעַל גַּבָּיו, וְאֶחָד לַמְּסִבָּה, וְאֶחָד לַפִּשְׁפָּשׁ, וְאֶחָד לַהֵיכָל: \n", 4.4. "הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, חָמֵשׁ, וְרֹבֶד שֵׁשׁ. וְהָאֶמְצָעִית, שֵׁשׁ, וְרֹבֶד שֶׁבַע. וְהָעֶלְיוֹנָה, שֶׁבַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א ו), הַיָּצִיעַ הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה חָמֵשׁ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּהּ וְהַתִּיכֹנָה שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּהּ וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית שֶׁבַע בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּה: \n", 4.5. "וּמְסִבָּה הָיְתָה עוֹלָה מִקֶּרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית לְקֶרֶן צְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית, שֶׁבָּהּ הָיוּ עוֹלִים לְגַגּוֹת הַתָּאִים. הָיָה עוֹלֶה בַּמְּסִבָּה וּפָנָיו לַמַּעֲרָב. הָלַךְ עַל כָּל פְּנֵי הַצָּפוֹן, עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לַמַּעֲרָב. הִגִּיעַ לַמַּעֲרָב, וְהָפַךְ פָּנָיו לַדָּרוֹם. הָלַךְ כָּל פְּנֵי מַעֲרָב עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לַדָּרוֹם. הִגִּיעַ לַדָּרוֹם, וְהָפַךְ פָּנָיו לַמִּזְרָח. הָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ בַּדָּרוֹם, עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְפִתְחָהּ שֶׁל עֲלִיָּה, שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ שֶׁל עֲלִיָּה פָּתוּחַ לַדָּרוֹם. וּבְפִתְחָהּ שֶׁל עֲלִיָּה הָיוּ שְׁנֵי כְלוֹנָסוֹת שֶׁל אֶרֶז, שֶׁבָּהֶן הָיוּ עוֹלִין לְגַגָּהּ שֶׁל עֲלִיָּה. וְרָאשֵׁי פִסְפָּסִין מַבְדִּילִים בָּעֲלִיָּה בֵּין הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְבֵין קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים. וְלוּלִין הָיוּ פְתוּחִין בָּעֲלִיָּה לְבֵית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים, שֶׁבָּהֶן הָיוּ מְשַׁלְשְׁלִין אֶת הָאֻמָּנִים בְּתֵבוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָזוּנוּ עֵינֵיהֶן מִבֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים: \n", | 1.2. "The officer of the Temple Mount used to go round to every watch, with lighted torches before him, and if any watcher did not rise [at his approach] and say to him, “Shalom to you, officer of the Temple Mount, it was obvious that he was asleep. Then he used to beat him with his rod. And he had permission to burn his clothes. And the others would say: What is the noise in the courtyard? It is the cry of a Levite who is being beaten and whose clothes are being burned, because he was asleep at his watch. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob said: once they found my mother's brother asleep, and they burnt his clothes.", 1.9. "There was a place there [in the fire chamber] one cubit square on which was a slab of marble. In this was fixed a ring and a chain on which the keys were hung. When closing time came, the priest would raise the slab by the ring and take the keys from the chain. Then the priest would lock up within while the Levite was sleeping outside. When he had finished locking up, he would replace the keys on the chain and the slab in its place and put his garment on it and sleep there. If one of them had a seminal emission, he would go out by the winding stair which went under the Birah, and which was lighted with lamps on both sides, until he reached the bathing place. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: he descended by the winding stair which went under the Hel and he went out by the Taddi gate.", 3.3. "On the floor beneath at that corner there was a place a cubit square on which was a marble slab with a ring fixed in it, and through this they used to go down to the pit to clean it out. There was an ascent on the south side of the altar, thirty-two cubits [long] by sixteen broad. It had a square window in its western side where disqualified sin-offerings of birds were placed.", 4.2. "The great gate had two small doors, one to the north and one to the south. By the one to the south no one ever went in, and concerning it was stated explicitly be Ezekiel, as it says, “And the Lord said to me: this gate shall be shut, it shall not be opened, neither shall any man enter in by it, for the Lord God of Israel has entered in by it; therefore it shall be shut” (Ezekiel 44:2). He [the priest] took the key and opened the [northern] door and went in to the cell, and from the cell he went into the Hekhal. Rabbi Judah says: he used to walk along in the thickness of the wall until he came to the space between the two gates. He would open the outer doors from within and the inner doors from without.", 4.3. "There were thirty-eight cells there, fifteen on the north, fifteen on the south, and eight on the west. On the north and on the south there were five over five and five again over these; On the west there were three over three and two over these. Each had three openings, one to the cell on the right and one to the cell on the left and one to the cell above. In the [one at the] northeastern corner there were five openings, one to the cell on the right, one to the cell above, one to the mesibbah, one to the door, and one to the Hekhal.", 4.4. "The [chamber] of the lowest [story] was five cubits wide and at the ceiling six cubits. The [chamber] of the middle [story] was six cubits wide and at the ceiling of seven. The [chamber] of the top [story] was seven cubits wide, as it says, \"The lowest story was five cubits wide, the middle one 6 cubits wide and the third 7 cubits wide\" (I Kings 6:6).", 4.5. "The mesibbah (a winding walkway) went up from the north-east corner to the north-west corner by which they used to go up to the roofs of the cells. One would ascend the messibah facing the west, traversing the whole of the northern side till he reached the west. When he reached the west he turned to face south and then traversed whole of the west side till he reached the south. When he reached the south he turned to face eastwards and then traversed the south side till he reached the door of the upper chamber, since the door of the upper chamber opened to the south. In the doorway of the upper chamber were two columns of cedar by which they used to climb up to the roof of the upper chamber, and at the top of them was a row of stones showing the division in the upper chamber between the holy part and the Holy of Holies. There were trap doors in the upper chamber opening into the Holy of Holies by which the workmen were let down in baskets so that they should not feast their eyes on the Holy of Holies.", |
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10. Mishnah, Ketuvot, 7.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 38| 7.4. "הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תֵלֵךְ לְבֵית אָבִיהָ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא עִמָּהּ בָּעִיר, חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד יְקַיֵּם. שְׁנַיִם, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא בְעִיר אַחֶרֶת, רֶגֶל אֶחָד יְקַיֵּם. שְׁלֹשָׁה, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה: \n", | 7.4. "If a man forbade his wife by vow that she may not go to her father’s house: --When the father lives with her in the same town, the husband may retain [her as his wife, if the prohibition was for] one month; but if for two months he must divorce her and give her the ketubah. --When the father lives in another town, the husband may retain [her as his wife, if the prohibition was for] one festival, but if for three festivals, he must divorce her and give her the ketubah.", |
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11. Mishnah, Bekhorot, 6.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 240| 6.8. "נִשְׁבַּר עֶצֶם יָדוֹ, וְעֶצֶם רַגְלוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִכָּר. מוּמִין אֵלּוּ מָנָה אִילָא בְיַבְנֶה, וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים. וְעוֹד שְׁלשָׁה הוֹסִיף. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶת אֵלּוּ. אֵת שֶׁגַּלְגַּל עֵינוֹ עָגוֹל כְּשֶׁל אָדָם, וּפִיו דּוֹמֶה לְשֶׁל חֲזִיר, וְשֶׁנִּטַּל רֹב הַמְדַבֵּר שֶׁל לְשׁוֹנוֹ. וּבֵית דִּין שֶׁל אַחֲרֵיהֶן אָמְרוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מוּמִין: \n", | 6.8. "If the bone of the fore-leg or of its hind-leg is broken, even though it is not noticeable, [this is a blemish]. These blemishes Ila enumerated in Yavneh and the sages agreed with him. He also added another three cases [of blemishes]. They said to him: we have only heard these [already mentioned previously]. [The three added by Ila were]: one whose eyeball is round like that of a human or whose mouth is like that of a pig or if the greater part of the speaking part of the tongue has been removed. A subsequent court ruled however: each of these cases is a [disqualifying] blemish.", |
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12. Mishnah, Shekalim, 1.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 240| 1.3. "בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ, שֻׁלְחָנוֹת הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין בַּמְּדִינָה. בְּעֶשְׂרִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה, יָשְׁבוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ. מִשֶּׁיָּשְׁבוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, הִתְחִילוּ לְמַשְׁכֵּן. אֶת מִי מְמַשְׁכְּנִין, לְוִיִּם וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים, גֵּרִים וַעֲבָדִים מְשֻׁחְרָרִים, אֲבָל לֹא נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים. כָּל קָטָן שֶׁהִתְחִיל אָבִיו לִשְׁקוֹל עַל יָדוֹ, שׁוּב אֵינוֹ פּוֹסֵק. וְאֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אֶת הַכֹּהֲנִים מִפְּנֵי דַּרְכֵּי שָׁלוֹם: \n", | 1.3. "On the fifteenth of [Adar] they would set up tables [of money changers] in the provinces. On the twenty-fifth they set them up in the Temple. When [the tables] were set up in the Temple, they began to exact pledges [from those who had not paid]. From whom did they exact pledges? From Levites and Israelites, converts and freed slaves, but not women or slaves or minors. Any minor on whose behalf his father has begun to pay the shekel, may not discontinue it again. But they did not exact pledges from the priests, because of the ways of peace.", |
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| 13. Anon., Sifre Numbers, 7 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 38 |
| 14. Palestinian Talmud, Sotah, 1.7 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 38 |
15. Babylonian Talmud, Yevamot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 25| 11b. ולא מתייבמת [אמר לך רב] אמינא לך אנא סוטה ודאי ואמרת לי את סוטה ספק ומ"ש סוטה ודאי (מ"ט משום דכתיב בה טומאה,סוטה ספק נמי טומאה כתיבא בה דתניא ר' יוסי בן כיפר אומר משום רבי אלעזר המחזיר גרושתו מן הנישואין אסורה מן האירוסין מותרת משום שנאמר (דברים כד, ד) אחרי אשר הוטמאה,וחכ"א אחת זו ואחת זו אסורה אלא מה אני מקיים אחרי הוטמאה לרבות סוטה שנסתרה,ומאי נסתרה נבעלה ואמאי קרי ליה נסתרה לישנא מעליא נקט נבעלה טומאה בהדיא כתיב בה (במדבר ה, יג) ונסתרה והיא נטמאה,למיקם עלה בלאו ור' יוסי בן כיפר לאו בסוטה לית ליה ואפי' זנאי נמי,מאי טעמא הויה ואישות כתיב בה,בעא מיניה רב יהודה מרב ששת המחזיר גרושתו משניסת ומת צרתה מהו אליבא דרבי יוסי בן כיפר לא תיבעי לך כיון דאמר ר' יוסי בן כיפר טומאה במחזיר גרושתו הוא דכתיבא צרתה כמותה,ואי משום דכתיב בה (דברים כד, ד) תועבה היא היא תועבה ואין בניה תועבין הא צרתה תועבה,כי תיבעי לך אליבא דרבנן אע"ג דאמור רבנן טומאה בסוטה הוא דכתיב אין מקרא יוצא מידי פשוטו,או דלמא כיון דאיעקר איעקר איכא דאמרי אליבא דרבנן לא תיבעי לך כיון דאיתעקר איעקר,כי תיבעי לך אליבא דרבי יוסי בן כיפר מאי אע"ג דאמר ר' יוסי בן כיפר טומאה במחזיר גרושתו הוא דכתיבא מיעט רחמנא היא תועבה ואין צרתה תועבה או דלמא היא תועבה ואין בניה תועבין הא צרתה תועבה,א"ל תניתוה היתה אחת כשרה ואחת פסולה אם היה חולץ חולץ לפסולה ואם היה מייבם מייבם לכשרה,מאי כשרה ומאי פסולה אילימא כשרה כשרה לעלמא פסולה פסולה לעלמא כיון דלדידיה חזיא מאי נפקא ליה מינה,אלא לאו כשרה כשרה ליה פסולה פסולה ליה ומאי ניהו מחזיר גרושתו וקתני ואם היה מייבם מייבם לכשרה,לא לעולם כשרה כשרה לעלמא פסולה פסולה לעלמא ודקאמרת כיון דלדידיה חזיא מאי נפקא ליה מינה משום דרב יוסף,דאמר רב יוסף כאן שנה רבי לא ישפוך אדם מי בורו ואחרים צריכים להם,ת"ש המחזיר גרושתו משנשאת היא וצרתה חולצת היא וצרתה ס"ד [אלא] אימא או היא או צרתה,ולאו תרוצי קמתרצת לה תריץ הכי היא חולצת צרתה או חולצת או מתייבמת,אמר רבי חייא בר אבא רבי יוחנן בעי המחזיר גרושתו משניסת צרתה מהו אמר ליה רבי אמי ותיבעי לך היא גופה היא גופה לא קמיבעיא לי,דאמרינן קל וחומר במותר לה אסורה באסור לה לא כל שכן כי קא מיבעיא לי צרתה מאי מי אלים ק"ו למידחי צרה או לא,רב נחמן בר יצחק מתני הכי אמר ר' חייא בר אבא בעי ר' יוחנן המחזיר גרושתו משניסת מהו א"ל ר' אמי ותיבעי לך צרתה צרתה לא קמיבעיא לי דלא אלים קל וחומר למידחי צרה אלא כי קמיבעיא לי היא גופה מאי מי אלים קל וחומר במקום מצוה או לא | 11b. b and may not enter into levirate marriage. /b This indicates that the levirate bond does apply to a i sota /i , which contradicts Rav’s statement. The Gemara retorts that b Rav /b could have b said to you: I spoke to you /b about b a i sota /i /b whose infidelity was b definite, and you speak to me /b of b an uncertain i sota /i . /b There is no proof that this wife who secluded herself with another man was actually unfaithful, and due to the uncertainty she must still undergo i ḥalitza /i . The Gemara raises a difficulty: b And what is different /b about b a definite i sota /i ? /b Is it different b because /b the term b defilement is written /b with regard b to her? /b ,But with regard to b an uncertain i sota /i , /b who was alone with a specific man enough time to engage in relations, b defilement is written as well. As it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Yosei ben Keifar said in the name of Rabbi Elazar: /b With regard to b one who remarries his divorcée /b after she had been married to another man, an act prohibited by Torah law, if he remarried her b following /b actual b marriage /b to another, b she is forbidden /b to her first husband. However, if he remarried her b following /b mere b betrothal /b to another man, b she is permitted, because it is stated: /b “Her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, b after she was defiled” /b (Deuteronomy 24:4), and a woman who was merely betrothed was never defiled, as no sexual relations had taken place., b And the Rabbis say: /b Both b this one and that one, /b i.e., whether she had been fully married or merely betrothed to another, b she is forbidden /b to her first husband. b Rather, how do I establish /b the phrase: b “After she was defiled”? /b This verse does not refer at all to the case of a woman who married another man lawfully, as she is not called “defiled.” Rather, it comes b to include a i sota /i who secluded herself /b with another man, as she is forbidden to her husband due to the concern that she might have committed adultery. This i baraita /i shows that a i sota /i is termed “defiled,” despite the fact that hers is an uncertain case.,The Gemara rejects this argument: b And what does: Secluded herself, /b mean in this context? It means that she had actually b engaged in relations. And why /b does the i baraita /i b call this: Secluded herself, /b instead of the more straightforward: Engaged in sexual relations? The i baraita /i b employed a euphemistic expression, /b but it actually means that she engaged in intercourse. The Gemara asks: If this is referring to a woman who had b engaged in relations, /b the term b defilement /b is already b explicitly written /b with regard b to her, /b in the chapter that deals with a i sota /i . Why is it necessary to derive that she is defiled from a different source, as in the context of a i sota /i herself the verse states: b “She being defiled secretly” /b (Numbers 5:13)?,The Gemara explains that “may not take her again to be his wife after she was defiled” does not teach that she is called “defiled,” but rather that the i halakha /i b establishes upon her a prohibition. /b In other words, if the husband engages in relations with his wife after she had had intercourse with another, he transgresses a prohibition. b And /b the Gemara comments that b Rabbi Yosei ben Keifar does not hold /b the opinion that there is b a prohibition /b in the case b of a i sota /i , /b as he maintains that a husband who has relations with his i sota /i wife does not transgress any prohibition at all, b and the same /b is true b even if she /b definitely b fornicated /b with another man., b What is the rationale /b of Rabbi Yosei ben Keifar? In his opinion, “after she was defiled” does not refer to a i sota /i but to a woman who had been legally divorced from her first husband and subsequently married another man. This is indicated by the fact that both b becoming, /b i.e., betrothal, b and matrimony are written in this /b context: “Becomes another man’s wife” (Deuteronomy 24:2) and: “Or if the latter husband die, who took her to be his wife” (Deuteronomy 24:3). Here it is clear that the reference is to halakhically valid marriage, whereas a i sota /i had never been another man’s wife, as she cannot marry another man while she is still married.,§ The Gemara discusses a similar case. b Rav Yehuda raised a dilemma before Rav Sheshet: /b In the case of b one who remarries his divorcée after she had married /b another, b and /b then he b dies /b childless, b what is /b the i halakha /i with regard to the levirate marriage of b her rival wife? According to /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yosei ben Keifar, do not raise the dilemma, since Rabbi Yosei ben Keifar said /b that b it is /b with regard b to one who remarries his divorcée /b that b defilement is written, /b and therefore the status of b her rival wife is the same as hers. /b , b And if /b one would claim that the dilemma does in fact arise b because it is written: “That is an abomination” /b (Deuteronomy 24:4), and the emphasis on “that” serves to limit the range of the prohibition and teaches that this i halakha /i applies only to her and not her rival wife, still, the accepted interpretation of this verse is as follows: b She is an abomination, but her children are not abominations. /b In other words, if he transgressed the prohibition and remarried this woman, their children are not disqualified from marrying priests. If so, the term “that” does not come to exclude her rival wife from this i halakha /i , and therefore b her rival wife is an abomination /b for the purposes of levirate marriage, just like the wife herself, and she too is exempt.,Rather, b let the dilemma be raised according to /b the opinion of b the Rabbis. Although the Rabbis said /b that b it is /b with regard b to a i sota /i that defilement is written, /b perhaps here they apply the principle that b a verse does not depart from its literal meaning. /b In other words, notwithstanding the fact that the Rabbis derive from here a halakhic ruling concerning a i sota /i , the straightforward meaning of the verse should not be entirely disregarded. Accordingly, as the context here is remarriage to one’s divorced wife, this verse would teach that hers is a case of defilement., b Or perhaps once /b a verse b is uprooted /b from its context, b it is /b entirely b uprooted /b and no longer teaches anything about the subject matter of the chapter in which it is written. This would mean that the sole significance of this particular verse is in reference to a i sota /i . b There are /b those b who say /b the opposite: b According to /b the opinion of b the Rabbis, do not raise the dilemma, /b as b once /b a verse b is uprooted /b from its context, b it is /b entirely b uprooted. /b Consequently, there is no defilement when a man remarries his divorcée, neither with regard to her nor concerning her rival wife.,Rather, b let the dilemma be raised according to /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yosei ben Keifar. What is /b the dilemma? b Although Rabbi Yosei ben Keifar said /b that b it is /b with regard b to one who remarries his divorcée /b that b defilement is written, /b one can ask: Does b the Merciful One limit /b this i halakha /i by the phrase b “that is an abomination,” /b which indicates: b And her rival wife is not an abomination? Or perhaps /b this verse teaches that b she is an abomination but her children are not abominations, /b which indicates that b her rival wife is an abomination. /b ,Rav Sheshet b said to him: You learned it /b in a i baraita /i that deals with a case of two i yevamot /i who came before a i yavam /i for levirate marriage. In a situation where b one /b of the women b was fit and the other disqualified, if he would /b like to b perform i ḥalitza /i he performs i ḥalitza /i with the disqualified /b woman, b and if he would /b like to b enter into levirate marriage he enters into levirate marriage with the fit /b woman.,Rav Sheshet analyzes this i baraita /i : b What is /b the meaning of b fit, and what is /b the meaning of b disqualified? If we say /b that b fit /b means b fit for all /b men, and b disqualified /b means b disqualified in general, /b e.g., a woman who had already been divorced is disqualified from marrying any priest, despite the fact that she is fit to marry this particular man himself, then b since for him she is suitable, what difference does it make for him /b whether she is disqualified from or fit for marriage to others?, b Rather, is it not /b the case that b fit /b means b fit for him, /b and b disqualified /b means b disqualified for him? And what is that /b case in which a woman is fit or disqualified only with regard to him but not any other man? This is evidently referring to the case of b one who remarries his divorcée. /b The deceased brother had remarried his divorced wife after she had married another man, and therefore she is disqualified from entering into levirate marriage with that particular man but she is permitted to other men. b And it is taught /b there that b if he would /b like to b enter into levirate marriage, he /b may b enter into levirate marriage /b even b with the fit /b woman. This indicates that the rival wife of a remarried divorcée is fit for levirate marriage.,The Gemara rejects this argument: b No; actually, fit /b means b fit to all /b men, and b disqualified /b means b disqualified in general, /b e.g., a woman who had already been divorced is disqualified from marrying any priest. b And that which you said: Since for him she is suitable what difference does it make for him, /b this is significant b because of /b the statement b of Rav Yosef. /b , b As Rav Yosef said: Here Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b taught /b a valuable moral lesson, that b a person should not pour the water from his well when others are in need of it. /b That is, one should not cause loss in any situation, even when this relates to his own personal life, if he might thereby cause a future loss to others. The same reasoning applies here: If he intends to perform i ḥalitza /i it does not matter to him which of the women he chooses, but if he does so with the one who is fit to others, he thereby disqualifies her from marrying a priest, as the legal status of a woman who underwent i ḥalitza /i is like that of a divorcée. It is therefore preferable to perform i ḥalitza /i with the one who in any case was disqualified from marrying a priest.,The Gemara suggests: b Come /b and b hear /b a different i baraita /i : With regard to b one who remarries his divorcée after she had married another, she and her rival wife perform i ḥalitza /i . /b The Gemara first analyzes the wording of the i baraita /i : Can it b enter your mind /b that both b she and her rival wife /b must perform i ḥalitza /i ? After all, only one wife of a deceased brother undergoes i ḥalitza /i , not two. b Rather, say: Either she or her rival wife. /b This indicates that both women are unfit for levirate marriage.,The Gemara rejects this claim: b And did you not /b already b resolve /b a difficulty b in /b the i baraita /i by adjusting its language and not interpreting it as it is? If so, you cannot cite a proof from here, as you can adjust it differently and b answer as follows: She performs i ḥalitza /i , /b while b her rival wife either performs i ḥalitza /i or enters into levirate marriage. /b If so, this i baraita /i provides no conclusive proof that might resolve Rav Yehuda’s dilemma.,§ On the same issue, b Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa raised a dilemma: /b With regard to b one who remarries his divorcée after she had been married to another, what is /b the i halakha /i concerning the levirate marriage of b her rival wife? Rabbi Ami said to him: And /b you can b raise the dilemma /b with regard to this woman b herself. /b Why not ask if she requires levirate marriage when her husband dies? Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba replied: The i halakha /i of the divorcée b herself is not a dilemma for me, /b as she is certainly forbidden.,Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba elaborates: b As /b in this case b we state an i a fortiori /i /b inference: If b she is /b now b forbidden to one who /b was previously b permitted to her, /b i.e., her first husband, with regard b to one who was forbidden to her, /b the i yavam /i , is it b not all the more so /b the case that she remains forbidden to him? b Where I raise the dilemma /b it is with regard to b her rival wife. What is /b the i halakha /i in this case? b Is /b the aforementioned b i a fortiori /i /b inference b strong /b enough b to invalidate her rival wife or not? /b The divorcée herself is certainly exempt from levirate marriage, but the question is whether the i a fortiori /i inference applies to the rival wife as well., b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak /b would b teach /b a different version of this discussion, b as follows: Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa raised a dilemma: /b With regard to b one who remarries his divorcée after she had been married to another, what is /b the i halakha /i concerning her levirate marriage? b Rabbi Ami said to him: And /b you can b raise the dilemma /b with regard to b her rival wife /b as well. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba replied: The i halakha /i of b her rival wife is not a dilemma for me, as the i a fortiori /i /b inference b is not strong /b enough b to invalidate a rival wife. Rather, where I raise the dilemma /b it is with regard to the divorcée b herself. What is /b the i halakha /i ? b Is the i a fortiori /i /b inference b strong /b enough that it can be accepted even b in place of a mitzva /b to enter into levirate marriage, b or not? /b |
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16. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 25| 7b. וקטליאות נזמים וטבעות מעבירין ממנה כדי לנוולה ואחר כך מביא חבל מצרי וקושרו למעלה מדדיה,וכל הרוצה לראות בא לראות חוץ מעבדיה ושפחותיה מפני שלבה גס בהן וכל הנשים מותרות לראותה שנאמר (יחזקאל כג, מח) ונוסרו כל הנשים ולא תעשינה כזמתכנה, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big מנהני מילי א"ר חייא בר גמדא א"ר יוסי בר' חנינא אתיא תורה תורה כתיב הכא (במדבר ה, ל) ועשה לה הכהן את כל התורה וכתיב התם (דברים יז, יא) על פי התורה אשר יורוך מה להלן בשבעים ואחד אף כאן בשבעים ואחד,ומאיימין עליה וכו' ורמינהו כדרך שמאיימין עליה שלא תשתה כך מאיימין עליה שתשתה אומרים לה בתי אם ברור לך הדבר שטהורה את עמדי על בורייך ושתי לפי שאין מים המרים דומין אלא לסם יבש שמונח על בשר חי אם יש שם מכה מחלחל ויורד אין שם מכה אינו מועיל כלום,לא קשיא כאן קודם שנמחקה מגילה כאן לאחר שנמחקה מגילה,ואומר לפניה וכו' ת"ר אומר לפניה דברים של הגדה ומעשים שאירעו בכתובים הראשונים כגון (איוב טו, יח) אשר חכמים יגידו ולא כחדו מאבותם,יהודה הודה ולא בוש מה היה סופו נחל חיי העולם הבא ראובן הודה ולא בוש מה היה סופו נחל חיי העולם הבא ומה שכרן מה שכרן כדקא אמרינן אלא מה שכרן בעולם הזה (איוב טו, יט) להם לבדם נתנה הארץ ולא עבר זר בתוכם,בשלמא ביהודה אשכחן דאודי דכתיב (בראשית לח, כו) ויכר יהודה ויאמר צדקה ממני אלא ראובן מנלן דאודי,דא"ר שמואל בר נחמני אמר ר' יוחנן מאי דכתיב (דברים לג, ו) יחי ראובן ואל ימות (דברים לג, ז) וזאת ליהודה,כל אותן שנים שהיו ישראל במדבר היו עצמותיו. של יהודה מגולגלין בארון עד שעמד משה ובקש עליו רחמים אמר לפניו רבש"ע מי גרם לראובן שהודה יהודה וזאת ליהודה,מיד (דברים לג, ז) שמע ה' קול יהודה על איבריה לשפא ולא הוה קא מעיילין ליה למתיבתא דרקיעא (דברים לג, ז) ואל עמו תביאנו ולא הוה קא ידע משקל ומטרח בשמעתא בהדי רבנן (דברים לג, ז) ידיו רב לו לא הוה קא סלקא ליה שמעתא אליבא דהילכתא (דברים לג, ז) ועזר מצריו תהיה,בשלמא יהודה דאודי כי היכי דלא תישרף תמר אלא ראובן למה ליה דאודי והאמר רב ששת חציף עלי (בר ישראל) דמפריט חטאיה כי היכי דלא ליחשדו אחוהי,אם אמרה טמאה אני וכו' שמעת מינה כותבין שובר,אמר אביי תני מקרעת א"ל רבא והא שוברת קתני אלא אמר רבא במקום שאין כותבין כתובה עסקינן,ואם אמרה טהורה אני מעלין אותה לשערי מזרח מעלין אותה | 7b. b or chokers [ i katliyot /i ], /b or b nose rings, or /b finger b rings, they removed them from her in order to render her unattractive. And afterward /b the priest b would bring an Egyptian rope /b fashioned from palm fibers, b and he would tie it above her breasts. /b , b And anyone who desires to watch her may come to watch, except for her slaves and maidservants, /b who are not permitted to watch b because her heart is emboldened by them, /b as seeing one’s slaves reinforces one’s feeling of pride, and their presence may cause her to maintain her innocence. b And all of the women are permitted to watch her, as it is stated: /b “Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, b that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness” /b (Ezekiel 23:48)., strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara asks concerning the i halakha /i that the i sota /i is brought before the Sanhedrin: b From where are these matters /b derived? b Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Gamda says /b that b Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says: /b This b is derived /b by means of a verbal analogy between the words b “ i tora /i ” /b and b “ i tora /i .” /b It b is written here, /b with regard to a i sota /i : b “And the priest shall execute upon her all this law [ i tora /i ]” /b (Numbers 5:30), b and /b it b is written there, /b with regard to a rebellious Elder, who must go to the place chosen by God and follow the ruling of the Sanhedrin: b “According to the law [ i tora /i ] that they shall teach you” /b (Deuteronomy 17:11). b Just as there /b the verse is referring to what occurs b in /b the presence of the Sanhedrin of b seventy-one /b judges, b so too here, /b with regard to a i sota /i , the verse is referring to what occurs b in /b the presence of the Sanhedrin of b seventy-one /b judges.,§ The mishna teaches: b And they threaten her /b in order that she admit her sin, to obviate the need to erase God’s name. b And /b the Gemara b raises a contradiction /b from that which was taught in a i baraita /i in the i Tosefta /i (1:6): b In the same manner that they threaten her so that she will not drink, so too, they threaten her so that she will drink, /b as b they say to her: My daughter, if the matter is clear to you that you are pure, arise for /b the sake of b your clear /b position b and drink. /b If you are innocent you have nothing to fear, b because the bitter water is similar only to a dry poison placed on the flesh. If there is a wound /b there, the poison will b penetrate and enter /b the blood stream, but if b there is no wound there, it does not have any effect. /b This teaches that the woman is warned not to drink if she is guilty, but if she is not guilty she is encouraged to drink. There is no mention of the latter in the mishna.,The Gemara answers: This is b not difficult. Here /b the mishna is referring to b before the scroll was erased, /b and at that point the woman is warned only not to drink if she is guilty, so that the name of God will not be erased. b There /b the i baraita /i is referring to b after the scroll was erased. /b Then she is warned that if she is innocent she should drink because if she now refuses to drink, it will turn out that the scroll was erased for no purpose.,§ The mishna teaches: b And /b the judge b says in her presence /b matters that are not worthy of being heard by her and all her father’s family in order to encourage her to admit her sin. The Gemara cites a i baraita /i that details what was said. b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : The judge b says in her presence words of homiletical /b interpretation b and /b mentions b incidents that happened /b to previous generations that are recorded b in the early /b prophetic b writings. For example, /b they expound the following verse: b “That wise men told and did not hide from their fathers” /b (Job 15:18); this teaches that even during the time of the forefathers, there were people who admitted their sins despite the shame they incurred.,For example, b Judah admitted /b that he sinned with Tamar b and was not embarrassed /b to do so, and b what was his end? He inherited the life of the World-to-Come. Reuben admitted /b that he lay with his father’s concubine Bilhah b and was not embarrassed, /b and b what was his end? He /b too b inherited the life of the World-to-Come. /b The Gemara asks: b And what is their reward? /b The Gemara interjects: b What is their reward? /b Their reward was clearly b as we say, /b that they inherited the life of the World-to-Come. The Gemara clarifies: b Rather, /b the second question was: b What is their reward in this world? /b The Gemara answers by citing the next verse in the book of Job: b “To them alone the land was given, and no stranger passed among them” /b (Job 15:19). Judah was given the kingship, and Reuben inherited a portion of land in the Transjordan before the other tribes.,The Gemara questions the source for Reuben’s admission. b Granted, with regard to Judah we have found /b a source b that he admitted /b his sin with Tamar, b as it is written: “And Judah acknowledged them and said: She is more righteous than I” /b (Genesis 38:26). Judah admitted that he was the one who had impregnated Tamar. b But from where do we /b derive b that Reuben admitted /b his sin?,The Gemara answers: It is b as Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa says: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written /b concerning Reuben and Judah in Moses’ blessing of the tribes at the end of his life: b “Let Reuben live and not die in that his men become few” /b (Deuteronomy 33:6), and immediately afterward, in the following verse, it is stated: b “And this for Judah, /b and he said: Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah, and bring him in unto his people; his hands shall contend for him, and You shall be a help against his adversaries” (Deuteronomy 33:7). What is the connection between the blessing of Reuben and that of Judah, juxtaposed with the conjunction “and”?,Rabbi Yoḥa says: b All those years that the Jewish people were in the desert, the bones of Judah, /b which the Jewish people took with them from Egypt along with the bones of his brothers, b were rolling /b around b in the coffin, until Moses arose and asked for compassion on /b Judah’s behalf. Moses b said before /b God: b Master of the Universe, who served as the impetus for Reuben that he admit /b his sin, through which he merited a blessing and was not excluded from the count of the twelve sons of Jacob (see Genesis 35:22)? It was b Judah, /b as Reuben saw him confess his sin, and thereby did the same. Moses continues in the next verse: b “And this for Judah,” /b as if to say: Is this Judah’s reward for serving as an example of confessing to one’s sins, that his bones roll around?, b Immediately /b after Moses prayed, the verse states: b “Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah” /b (Deuteronomy 33:7). b His bones /b then b entered /b their b sockets [ i shafa /i ], /b and his skeleton was reassembled. b But /b the angels still b did not elevate /b him b into the heavenly study hall. /b Moses then prayed: b “And bring him in unto his people” /b (Deuteronomy 33:7), i.e., those in the heavenly study hall. This prayer was accepted, b but he /b still b did not know /b how b to deliberate /b in Torah matters b with the /b heavenly b sages. /b Moses then prayed: b “His hands shall contend for him” /b (Deuteronomy 33:7), meaning that he should have the ability to contend with them in study. But still b he was unable to draw /b conclusions from b his discussion in accordance with the i halakha /i . /b Moses then prayed: b “And You shall be a help against his adversaries” /b (Deuteronomy 33:7).,The Gemara discusses the propriety of admitting one’s sins in public. b Granted, /b with regard to b Judah, /b it was proper b that he admitted /b his sin in public, as he did so b in order that Tamar not be burned /b innocently. b But why did Reuben admit /b his sin in public? b But didn’t Rav Sheshet say: I /b consider one b who specifies his sins /b in public to be b brazen, /b as one who does so indicates that he is not embarrassed by his actions? The Gemara answers: The reason he admitted his sin in public was b in order that his brothers should not be suspected /b of having committed the deed.,§ The mishna teaches: b If /b after the judge’s warning b she says: I am defiled, /b she writes a receipt for her marriage contract. The Gemara comments: b You /b can b learn from this /b mishna b that one writes a receipt /b to serve as proof that a debt has been paid rather than tearing the promissory note. This matter is the subject of a dispute between the i tanna’im /i in tractate i Bava Batra /i (170b)., b Abaye said: Teach /b in the mishna differently. Rather than understanding that she writes a receipt, explain it to mean: b She tears /b her marriage contract. b Rava said to him: But /b the mishna b teaches /b explicitly that b she writes a receipt. Rather, /b to explain the mishna, b Rava said: We are dealing with a place in /b which b they do not write a marriage contract, /b as they rely on the rabbinical ordice that all wives are entitled to the sum of a standard marriage contract upon divorce or being widowed, even if no marriage contract has been written. Because there is no marriage contract to tear, a receipt is written so that the man can prove that he no longer has a monetary obligation. However, generally, it is possible that the document would be torn, and no proof can be adduced from this mishna.,§ The mishna teaches: b But if /b after the warning b she /b maintains her innocence and b says: I am pure, they /b would b bring her up to the Eastern Gate. /b The Gemara asks: Would b they bring her up? /b |
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17. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 38| 105b. דעבדה כי כיסתא:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big הקורע בחמתו ועל מתו וכל המקלקלין פטורין והמקלקל ע"מ לתקן שיעורו כמתקן שיעור המלבן והמנפץ והצובע והטווה כמלא רחב הסיט כפול והאורג שני חוטין שיעורו כמלא הסיט:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big ורמינהו הקורע בחמתו ובאבלו ועל מתו חייב ואע"פ שמחלל את השבת יצא ידי קריעה לא קשיא הא במת דידיה הא במת דעלמא,והא מתו קתני לעולם במת דידיה ובהנך דלאו בני אבילות נינהו ואי חכם הוא חיובי מיחייב דתניא חכם שמת הכל קרוביו הכל קרוביו ס"ד אלא אימא הכל כקרוביו הכל קורעין עליו הכל חולצין עליו הכל מברין עליו ברחבה לא צריכא דלאו חכם הוא,ואי אדם כשר הוא חיובי מיחייב דתניא מפני מה מתים בניו ובנותיו של אדם כשהן קטנים כדי שיבכה ויתאבל על אדם כשר כדי שיבכה ערבונא שקלי מיניה אלא מפני שלא בכה והתאבל על אדם כשר שכל הבוכה על אדם כשר מוחלין לו על כל עונותיו בשביל כבוד שעשה לא צריכא דלאו אדם כשר הוא,ואי דקאי בשעת יציאת נשמה חיובי מיחייב דתניא ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר העומד על המת בשעת יציאת נשמה חייב לקרוע הא למה זה דומה לס"ת שנשרפה לא צריכא דלא קאי בשעת יציאת נשמה,תינח מתו אלא חמתו אחמתו קשיא חמתו אחמתו נמי לא קשיא הא ר' יהודה הא ר"ש הא ר' יהודה דאמר מלאכה שאין צריכה לגופה חייב עליה הא ר"ש דאמר מלאכה שאין צריכה לגופה פטור עליה,אימר דשמעת ליה לר' יהודה במתקן במקלקל מי שמעת ליה א"ר אבין האי נמי מתקן הוא דקעביד נחת רוח ליצרו וכהאי גוונא מי שרי והתניא ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר משום חילפא בר אגרא שאמר משום ר' יוחנן בן נורי המקרע בגדיו בחמתו והמשבר כליו בחמתו והמפזר מעותיו בחמתו יהא בעיניך כעובד ע"ז שכך אומנתו של יצה"ר היום אומר לו עשה כך ולמחר אומר לו עשה כך עד שאומר לו עבוד ע"ז והולך ועובד א"ר אבין מאי קראה (תהלים פא, י) לא יהיה בך אל זר ולא תשתחוה לאל נכר איזהו אל זר שיש בגופו של אדם הוי אומר זה יצר הרע,לא צריכא דקא עביד למירמא אימתא אאינשי ביתיה כי הא דרב יהודה שליף מצבייתא רב אחא בר יעקב תבר מאני תבירי רב ששת רמי לה לאמתיה מוניני ארישא רבי אבא תבר נכתמא,אמר ר"ש בן פזי א"ר יהושע בן לוי משום בר קפרא כל המוריד דמעות על אדם כשר הקב"ה סופרן ומניחן בבית גנזיו שנאמר (תהלים נו, ט) נודי ספרתה אתה שימה דמעתי בנאדך הלא בספרתך א"ר יהודה אמר רב כל המתעצל בהספדו של חכם ראוי לקוברו בחייו שנאמר (יהושע כד, ל) ויקברו אותו בגבול נחלתו בתמנת סרח אשר בהר אפרים מצפון להר געש מלמד שרגש עליהן הר להורגן א"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן כל המתעצל בהספדו של חכם אינו מאריך ימים מדה כנגד מדה שנאמר (ישעיהו כז, ח) בסאסאה בשלחה תריבנה,איתיביה ר' חייא בר אבא לר' יוחנן (יהושע כד, לא) ויעבדו העם את ה' כל ימי יהושע וכל ימי הזקנים אשר האריכו ימים אחרי יהושע א"ל בבלאי ימים האריכו שנים לא האריכו אלא מעתה (דברים יא, כא) למען ירבו ימיכם וימי בניכם ימים ולא שנים ברכה שאני,וא"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן אחד מן האחין שמת | 105b. The Gemara explains: It is found in a case b where /b a b pocketlike /b protrusion impedes sewing. Therefore, one tears the garment and tucks the protruding portion under the seam., strong MISHNA: /strong b One who rends /b his garment b in his anger or /b in anguish b over his dead /b relative b is exempt. And anyone /b else b who performs /b labors b destructively /b on Shabbat b is exempt. And one who /b performs a labor b destructively in order to repair /b is liable, and b his measure /b for liability is equivalent to the measure for b one who /b performs that labor b constructively. The measure /b that determines liability b for one who whitens, /b or b one who combs, /b or b one who dyes, /b or b one who spins /b wool is b the full width of a double i sit /i , /b which is the distance between the forefinger and the middle finger. And for b one who weaves two threads, the measure /b that determines liability b is one i sit /i . /b , strong GEMARA: /strong We learned in the mishna: One who rends his garment in anger or in anguish over his dead relative is exempt. The b Gemara raises a contradiction /b to this based on a i baraita /i : b One who rends /b his garment b in his anger /b or b in his mourning /b or in his anguish b over his dead /b relative b is liable /b for performing a prohibited labor on Shabbat. b And even though he desecrates Shabbat /b by tearing his garment, b he /b nevertheless b fulfilled /b his obligation of b rending /b his garment in mourning. Apparently, one is liable for rending his garment in anguish over the dead. The Gemara answers: This is b not difficult, /b as b this /b mishna, which states one is liable for rending his garment, is referring b to his own dead /b relative for whom he is obligated to tear his garment. b And that /b mishna, which states one is exempt for rending his garment, is referring b to any /b unrelated b dead person. /b ,The Gemara asks: b Didn’t we learn /b in the mishna: b Over his dead /b relative? The Gemara answers: b Actually, /b the mishna, which says that he is exempt, is referring b to his own dead; however, /b it is referring b to those /b relatives b who are not subject to /b the obligation of b mourning /b by Torah law. The Gemara asks: b And /b even so, b if /b the dead person b is a /b Torah b scholar, one is obligated /b to rend one’s garment in anguish over his death, b as it was taught /b in a i baraita /i : When b a /b Torah b scholar dies, everyone is his relative. /b The Gemara asks: b Does it enter your mind that everyone is his relative? Rather, say: Everyone is /b considered to be b like his relative, /b in the sense that b everyone rends his /b garment in anguish b over him, /b and b everyone bares /b his shoulder b over him /b in mourning, and b everyone eats the mourner’s meal over him in the public square /b as mourners do. The death of a Torah scholar is a personal loss for every Jew. The Gemara answers: b It was only necessary /b for the mishna to teach this i halakha /i in a case b where /b the dead person b is not a /b Torah b scholar. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And if he was an upright person, /b aren’t all those present at his death b obligated /b to rend their garments over his death? b As it was taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Why do a person’s sons and daughters die when they are young? /b They die b so that he will cry and mourn over /b the death of b an upright worthy person. /b The Gemara asks: They die b so that he will cry? Is security taken from him /b in advance to ensure that he fulfills his obligation? b Rather, /b emend the statement and say: It is b because he did not cry or mourn over an upright person /b who died, b as anyone who cries over an upright person /b who died, b they forgive him /b for b all his transgressions because of the honor he accorded /b to the deceased. Nevertheless, it is difficult, as one is required to rend his clothing over the death of an upright person. The Gemara answers: b It was only necessary /b for the mishna to teach this i halakha /i in a case b where /b the deceased was b not an upright person. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And if one is standing /b close to the deceased b when the soul leaves /b the body, b he is obligated /b to rend his garment, b as it was taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: One who is standing over the deceased at the time of the departure of the soul is obligated to rend /b his garment. b To what is this similar? /b It is similar b to a Torah scroll that was burned. /b The Gemara answers: b It was only necessary /b for the mishna to teach this i halakha /i in a case b where he is not standing /b there b at the time of the departure of the soul. /b ,The Gemara asks further: This works out b well /b in terms of resolving the contradiction with regard to b his dead /b relative. b However, /b the contradiction between the ruling in the mishna that one who rends his garment in b his anger /b is not liable, and the ruling in the i baraita /i that one who rends his garment in b his anger /b is liable, b is /b still b difficult. /b The mishna exempts one who rends garments in anger, while the i baraita /i deems him liable. The Gemara answers: The contradiction between b his anger /b in the mishna and b his anger /b in the i baraita /i is b also not difficult, /b as b this /b ruling in the i baraita /i that deems him liable is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda, /b and b that /b ruling in the mishna that exempts him is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Shimon. /b The Gemara elaborates: b This /b ruling in the i baraita /i follows b Rabbi Yehuda, /b who b said /b that one who performs b a /b prohibited b labor /b on Shabbat b that is not needed for its own sake is liable for /b performing b it. /b Therefore, one who rends his garment in anger is liable. b That /b ruling in the mishna which exempts him is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Shimon, /b who b said /b that one who performs b a labor that is not needed for its own sake is exempt for /b performing b it. /b ,The Gemara asks: b Say that you heard /b that Rabbi Yehuda rules that one is liable for performing a labor not needed for its own sake b in /b the case of b a constructive /b act; b did you hear him /b deem one liable b in /b the case of b a destructive /b act? b Rabbi Avin said: This /b case, where one rends his garment in anger, b is also constructive, /b because in doing so b he assuages his anger. /b Rending his garment calms him; therefore, it can be said that he derives benefit from the act of rending, and it is consequently a constructive act. The Gemara asks: b And is it /b at all b permitted /b to tear b in that manner? Wasn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says in the name of Ḥilfa bar Agra, who said in the name of Rabbi Yoḥa ben Nuri: One who rends his garments in his anger, or who breaks his vessels in his anger, or who scatters his money in his anger, should be like an idol worshipper in your eyes, as that is the craft of the evil inclination. Today it tells him do this, and tomorrow it tells him do that, until /b eventually, when he no longer controls himself, b it tells him worship idols and he goes and worships /b idols. b Rabbi Avin said: What verse /b alludes to b this? “There shall not be a strange god within you, and you shall not bow to a foreign god” /b (Psalms 81:10). b What is the strange god that is within a person’s body? Say that it is the evil inclination. /b One may not rend his garments in anger, because in doing so he is deriving pleasure from satisfying the evil inclination.,The Gemara answers: b It is only necessary /b to discuss this in a case b where one does /b so b to instill fear in the members of his household. /b In order to show them that he is very angry, he tears and breaks objects even though he is not that angry. In that case he maintains control of himself and is not in danger of succumbing to the evil inclination. It is b like /b the incident where b Rav Yehuda /b sought to display his anger and he b pulled threads off /b his garment. b Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov smashed broken vessels, Rav Sheshet threw small fish on his maidservant’s head, /b and b Rabbi Abba broke the lid of a jug. /b All of these Sages caused minimal damage in creating the impression that they were angry.,Apropos the laws of mourning for an upright person and a Torah scholar, the Gemara cites that which b Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi said /b that b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said in the name of Bar Kappara: Anyone who sheds tears over an upright person, the Holy One, Blessed be He, counts /b his tears b and places them in His treasury, as it is stated: “You have counted my wanderings, put my tears into your bottle, are they not in your book?” /b (Psalms 56:9). b Rav Yehuda said /b that b Rav said: Anyone who is lazy in eulogizing a /b Torah b scholar, it is fitting to bury him alive, as it is stated: “And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnat-seraḥ, which is in the hill-country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Ga’ash” /b (Joshua 24:30). This b teaches that the mountain raged against them to kill them /b because they did not eulogize him appropriately. b Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: Whoever is lazy in eulogizing a Sage does not live /b a b long /b life, and his punishment is b measure for measure. /b Since he was unconcerned with the death of the Sage, in the heavens they will be unconcerned with his death. The Holy One, Blessed be He, conducts Himself in this manner, b as it is stated: “In full measure [ i besase’a /i ], when You send her away You contend with her” /b (Isaiah 27:8), and the Sages derived that God punishes from the words: “You contend with her,” and He does so measure for measure, i se’a /i for i se’a /i , from the word i sase’a /i in the verse above., b Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba raised an objection to Rabbi Yoḥa: /b It is stated: b “And the nation worshipped the Lord all the days of Joshua and all the days of the Elders, who lived many days after Joshua” /b (Judges 2:7), indicating that the Elders lived long lives even though they did not eulogize Joshua properly. Rabbi Yoḥa b said to him: Babylonian, /b you should be more precise in your reading. They indeed lived b many days; /b however, they did b not /b live b many years. /b In fact, they did not live to the end of that year. Again he asked: b But then /b with regard to the verse b “So that your days and the days of your children will multiply /b on the land which the Lord your God swore to give to your fathers, as the days of the heavens over the earth” (Deuteronomy 11:21), would you also say that here the reward is to live many b days but not years? /b He answered him: b A blessing is different /b and should be interpreted in its most expansive sense., b And Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: /b If b one of the brothers dies, /b |
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| 18. Anon., Sifre Zuta Deuteronomy, 346 Tagged with subjects: •mishnah, old Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 38 |
