1. Hebrew Bible, Song of Songs, 5.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 93| 5.2. "אֲנִי יְשֵׁנָה וְלִבִּי עֵר קוֹל דּוֹדִי דוֹפֵק פִּתְחִי־לִי אֲחֹתִי רַעְיָתִי יוֹנָתִי תַמָּתִי שֶׁרֹּאשִׁי נִמְלָא־טָל קְוֻּצּוֹתַי רְסִיסֵי לָיְלָה׃", | 5.2. I sleep, but my heart waketh; Hark! my beloved knocketh: ‘Open to me, my sister, my love, my dove, my undefiled; For my head is filled with dew, My locks with the drops of the night.’ |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 13.18 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 185| 13.18. "וְלֹא־יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן־הַחֵרֶם לְמַעַן יָשׁוּב יְהוָה מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ וְנָתַן־לְךָ רַחֲמִים וְרִחַמְךָ וְהִרְבֶּךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע לַאֲבֹתֶיךָ׃", | 13.18. "And there shall cleave nought of the devoted thing to thy hand, that the LORD may turn from the fierceness of His anger, and show thee mercy, and have compassion upon thee, and multiply thee, as He hath sworn unto thy fathers;", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Hosea, 5.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, audience of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, function of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 176, 191| 5.6. "בְּצֹאנָם וּבִבְקָרָם יֵלְכוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־יְהוָה וְלֹא יִמְצָאוּ חָלַץ מֵהֶם׃", | 5.6. "With their flocks and with their herds they shall go To seek the LORD, but they shall not find Him; He hath withdrawn Himself from them.", |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Micah, 7.4 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, audience of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163, 164, 191| 7.4. "טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה יוֹם מְצַפֶּיךָ פְּקֻדָּתְךָ בָאָה עַתָּה תִהְיֶה מְבוּכָתָם׃", | 7.4. "The best of them is as a brier; The most upright is worse than a thorn hedge; The day of thy watchmen, even thy visitation, is come; Now shall be their perplexity.", |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 69.22 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, audience of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 88, 89, 191| 69.22. "וַיִּתְּנוּ בְּבָרוּתִי רֹאשׁ וְלִצְמָאִי יַשְׁקוּנִי חֹמֶץ׃", | 69.22. "Yea, they put poison into my food; And in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.", |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Ruth, 4.2-4.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, audience of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 191| 4.2. "וַיִּקַּח עֲשָׂרָה אֲנָשִׁים מִזִּקְנֵי הָעִיר וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁבוּ־פֹה וַיֵּשֵׁבוּ׃", 4.2. "וְעַמִּינָדָב הוֹלִיד אֶת־נַחְשׁוֹן וְנַחְשׁוֹן הוֹלִיד אֶת־שַׂלְמָה׃", 4.3. "וַיֹּאמֶר לַגֹּאֵל חֶלְקַת הַשָּׂדֶה אֲשֶׁר לְאָחִינוּ לֶאֱלִימֶלֶךְ מָכְרָה נָעֳמִי הַשָּׁבָה מִשְּׂדֵה מוֹאָב׃", 4.4. "וַאֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי אֶגְלֶה אָזְנְךָ לֵאמֹר קְנֵה נֶגֶד הַיֹּשְׁבִים וְנֶגֶד זִקְנֵי עַמִּי אִם־תִּגְאַל גְּאָל וְאִם־לֹא יִגְאַל הַגִּידָה לִּי ואדע [וְאֵדְעָה] כִּי אֵין זוּלָתְךָ לִגְאוֹל וְאָנֹכִי אַחֲרֶיךָ וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֶגְאָל׃", 4.5. "וַיֹּאמֶר בֹּעַז בְּיוֹם־קְנוֹתְךָ הַשָּׂדֶה מִיַּד נָעֳמִי וּמֵאֵת רוּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּה אֵשֶׁת־הַמֵּת קניתי [קָנִיתָה] לְהָקִים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת עַל־נַחֲלָתוֹ׃", 4.6. "וַיֹּאמֶר הַגֹּאֵל לֹא אוּכַל לגאול־[לִגְאָל־] לִי פֶּן־אַשְׁחִית אֶת־נַחֲלָתִי גְּאַל־לְךָ אַתָּה אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתִי כִּי לֹא־אוּכַל לִגְאֹל׃", 4.7. "וְזֹאת לְפָנִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עַל־הַגְּאוּלָּה וְעַל־הַתְּמוּרָה לְקַיֵּם כָּל־דָּבָר שָׁלַף אִישׁ נַעֲלוֹ וְנָתַן לְרֵעֵהוּ וְזֹאת הַתְּעוּדָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 4.8. "וַיֹּאמֶר הַגֹּאֵל לְבֹעַז קְנֵה־לָךְ וַיִּשְׁלֹף נַעֲלוֹ׃", | 4.2. "And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said: ‘Sit ye down here.’ And they sat down.", 4.3. "And he said unto the near kinsman: ‘Naomi, that is come back out of the field of Moab, selleth the parcel of land, which was our brother Elimelech’s;", 4.4. "and I thought to disclose it unto thee, saying: Buy it before them that sit here, and before the elders of my people. If thou wilt redeem it, redeem it; but if it will not be redeemed, then tell me, that I may know; for there is none to redeem it beside thee; and I am after thee.’ And he said: ‘I will redeem it.’", 4.5. "Then said Boaz: ‘What day thou buyest the field of the hand of Naomi—hast thou also bought of Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance?’", 4.6. "And the near kinsman said: ‘I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I mar mine own inheritance; take thou my right of redemption on thee; for I cannot redeem it.’—", 4.7. "Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel.—", 4.8. "So the near kinsman said unto Boaz: ‘Buy it for thyself.’ And he drew off his shoe.", |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 52.7, 54.1, 61.1 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, audience of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 90, 191| 52.7. "מַה־נָּאווּ עַל־הֶהָרִים רַגְלֵי מְבַשֵּׂר מַשְׁמִיעַ שָׁלוֹם מְבַשֵּׂר טוֹב מַשְׁמִיעַ יְשׁוּעָה אֹמֵר לְצִיּוֹן מָלַךְ אֱלֹהָיִךְ׃", 54.1. "רָנִּי עֲקָרָה לֹא יָלָדָה פִּצְחִי רִנָּה וְצַהֲלִי לֹא־חָלָה כִּי־רַבִּים בְּנֵי־שׁוֹמֵמָה מִבְּנֵי בְעוּלָה אָמַר יְהוָה׃", 54.1. "כִּי הֶהָרִים יָמוּשׁוּ וְהַגְּבָעוֹת תְּמוּטֶנָה וְחַסְדִּי מֵאִתֵּךְ לֹא־יָמוּשׁ וּבְרִית שְׁלוֹמִי לֹא תָמוּט אָמַר מְרַחֲמֵךְ יְהוָה׃", 61.1. "שׂוֹשׂ אָשִׂישׂ בַּיהוָה תָּגֵל נַפְשִׁי בֵּאלֹהַי כִּי הִלְבִּישַׁנִי בִּגְדֵי־יֶשַׁע מְעִיל צְדָקָה יְעָטָנִי כֶּחָתָן יְכַהֵן פְּאֵר וְכַכַּלָּה תַּעְדֶּה כֵלֶיהָ׃", 61.1. "רוּחַ אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה עָלָי יַעַן מָשַׁח יְהוָה אֹתִי לְבַשֵּׂר עֲנָוִים שְׁלָחַנִי לַחֲבֹשׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב לִקְרֹא לִשְׁבוּיִם דְּרוֹר וְלַאֲסוּרִים פְּקַח־קוֹחַ׃", | 52.7. "How beautiful upon the mountains Are the feet of the messenger of good tidings, That announceth peace, the harbinger of good tidings, That announceth salvation; That saith unto Zion: ‘Thy God reigneth! ’", 54.1. "Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear, Break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail; For more are the children of the desolate Than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD.", 61.1. "The spirit of the Lord God is upon me; Because the LORD hath anointed me To bring good tidings unto the humble; He hath sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, To proclaim liberty to the captives, And the opening of the eyes to them that are bound;", |
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8. Hebrew Bible, Amos, 4.13 (8th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, as a response to christian writings •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, audience of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 86, 105, 191| 4.13. "כִּי הִנֵּה יוֹצֵר הָרִים וּבֹרֵא רוּחַ וּמַגִּיד לְאָדָם מַה־שֵּׂחוֹ עֹשֵׂה שַׁחַר עֵיפָה וְדֹרֵךְ עַל־בָּמֳתֵי אָרֶץ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי־צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ׃", | 4.13. "For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, And declareth unto man what is his thought, That maketh the morning darkness, And treadeth upon the high places of the earth; The LORD, the God of hosts, is His name.", |
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| 9. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 12.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 88 |
| 10. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 12.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 88 |
11. New Testament, Matthew, 5.17-5.26, 12.39-12.40, 24.33, 27.63 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, common features of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 43, 91, 92, 93| 5.17. Μὴ νομίσητε ὅτι ἦλθον καταλῦσαι τὸν νόμον ἢ τοὺς προφήτας· οὐκ ἦλθον καταλῦσαι ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι· 5.18. ἀμὴν γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἕως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ, ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κερέα οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου ἕως [ἂν] πάντα γένηται. 5.19. ὃς ἐὰν οὖν λύσῃ μίαν τῶν ἐντολῶν τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων καὶ διδάξῃ οὕτως τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἐλάχιστος κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν· ὃς δʼ ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν. 5.20. λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ περισσεύσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη πλεῖον τῶν γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. 5.21. Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις Οὐ φονεύσεις· ὃς δʼ ἂν φονεύσῃ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει. 5.22. Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει· ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ Ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ συνεδρίῳ· ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ Μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός. 5.23. ἐὰν οὖν προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κἀκεῖ μνησθῇς ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ, 5.24. ἄφες ἐκεῖ τὸ δῶρόν σου ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, καὶ ὕπαγε πρῶτον διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, καὶ τότε ἐλθὼν πρόσφερε τὸ δῶρόν σου. 5.25. ἴσθι εὐνοῶν τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ σου ταχὺ ἕως ὅτου εἶ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, μή ποτέ σε παραδῷ ὁ ἀντίδικος τῷ κριτῇ, καὶ ὁ κριτὴς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ, καὶ εἰς φυλακὴν βληθήσῃ· 5.26. ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς ἐκεῖθεν ἕως ἂν ἀποδῷς τὸν ἔσχατον κοδράντην. 12.39. ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ, καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ τοῦ προφήτου. 12.40. ὥσπερ γὰρ ἦν Ἰωνᾶς ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ τοῦ κήτους τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας, οὕτως ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τῆς γῆς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας. 24.33. οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὅταν ἴδητε πάντα ταῦτα, γινώσκετε ὅτι ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἐπὶ θύραις. 27.63. λέγοντες Κύριε, ἐμνήσθημεν ὅτι ἐκεῖνος ὁ πλάνος εἶπεν ἔτι ζῶν Μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι· | 5.17. "Don't think that I came to destroy the law or the prophets. I didn't come to destroy, but to fulfill. 5.18. For most assuredly, I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not even one smallest letter or one tiny pen stroke shall in any way pass away from the law, until all things are accomplished. 5.19. Whoever, therefore, shall break one of these least commandments, and teach others to do so, shall be called least in the Kingdom of Heaven; but whoever shall do and teach them shall be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven. 5.20. For I tell you that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, there is no way you will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven. 5.21. "You have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, 'You shall not murder;' and 'Whoever shall murder shall be in danger of the judgment.' 5.22. But I tell you, that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment; and whoever shall say to his brother, 'Raca!' shall be in danger of the council; and whoever shall say, 'You fool!' shall be in danger of the fire of Gehenna. 5.23. "If therefore you are offering your gift at the altar, and there remember that your brother has anything against you, 5.24. leave your gift there before the altar, and go your way. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift. 5.25. Agree with your adversary quickly, while you are with him in the way; lest perhaps the prosecutor deliver you to the judge, and the judge deliver you to the officer, and you be cast into prison. 5.26. Most assuredly I tell you, you shall by no means get out of there, until you have paid the last penny. 12.39. But he answered them, "An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, but no sign will be given it but the sign of Jonah the prophet. 12.40. For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. 24.33. Even so you also, when you see all these things, know that it is near, even at the doors. 27.63. saying, "Sir, we remember what that deceiver said while he was still alive: 'After three days I will rise again.' |
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12. Tosefta, Horayot, 2.5 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163| 2.5. "הוא ואביו ורבו עומדין בשבי הוא קודם לרבו ורבו קודם לאביו ואמו קודמת לכל אדם איזהו רבו רבו שלמדו תורה לא שלמדו אומנות ואיזה זה שפתח לו תחלה ר' מאיר אומר רבו שלמדו חכמה לא רבו שלמדו תורה ר' יהודה אומר כל שרוב תלמודו ממנו ר' יוסי אומר כל שהאיר עיניו במשנתו.", | |
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13. Mishnah, Berachot, 4.1, 9.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 90, 163| 4.1. "תְּפִלַּת הַשַּׁחַר, עַד חֲצוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד אַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת. תְּפִלַּת הַמִּנְחָה עַד הָעֶרֶב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד פְּלַג הַמִּנְחָה. תְּפִלַּת הָעֶרֶב אֵין לָהּ קֶבַע. וְשֶׁל מוּסָפִין כָּל הַיּוֹם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁבַע שָׁעוֹת:", 9.2. "עַל הַזִּיקִין, וְעַל הַזְּוָעוֹת, וְעַל הַבְּרָקִים, וְעַל הָרְעָמִים, וְעַל הָרוּחוֹת, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁכֹּחוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ מָלֵא עוֹלָם. עַל הֶהָרִים, וְעַל הַגְּבָעוֹת, וְעַל הַיַּמִּים, וְעַל הַנְּהָרוֹת, וְעַל הַמִּדְבָּרוֹת, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ עוֹשֵׂה מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָרוֹאֶה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל, בִּזְמַן שֶׁרוֹאֶה אוֹתוֹ לִפְרָקִים. עַל הַגְּשָׁמִים וְעַל הַבְּשׂוֹרוֹת הַטּוֹבוֹת אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב, וְעַל שְׁמוּעוֹת רָעוֹת אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ דַּיַּן הָאֱמֶת: \n", | 4.1. "The morning Tefillah (Shacharit) is until midday. Rabbi Judah says until the fourth hour. The afternoon Tefillah (Minhah) until evening. Rabbi Judah says: until the middle of the afternoon. The evening prayer has no fixed time. The time for the additional prayers (musaf) is the whole day. Rabbi Judah says: until the seventh hour.", 9.2. "[On witnessing] comets, earthquakes, thunder, or windy storms one says, “Blessed be He whose strength and might fill the world.” [On seeing] mountains, hills, seas, rivers or deserts one says, “Blessed be He who made creation.” Rabbi Judah says: one who sees the Great Sea should say, “Blessed be He who made the Great Sea,” if he sees it at intervals. For rain and for good news one says, “Blessed be He that is good and grants good.” For bad news one says, “Blessed be the true judge.”", |
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14. Mishnah, Negaim, 14.13 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163| 14.13. "שְׁנֵי מְצֹרָעִים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ קָרְבְּנוֹתֵיהֶם, קָרַב קָרְבָּנוֹ שֶׁל אַחַד מֵהֶם, וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶם, זוֹ שֶׁשָּׁאֲלוּ אַנְשֵׁי אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִיָּא אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אָמַר לָהֶם, יִכְתֹּב נְכָסָיו לְאַחֵר וְיָבִיא קָרְבַּן עָנִי: \n", | 14.13. "If the sacrifices of two metzoraim were mixed up and after the sacrifice of one of them had been offered one of the metzoraim died: this is what the men of Alexandria asked of Rabbi Joshua. He answered them: let him assign his possessions to another person, and bring the poor man's sacrifice.", |
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15. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 11.32-11.33 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 37| 11.32. ἐν Δαμασκῷ ὁ ἐθνάρχης Ἁρέτα τοῦ βασιλέως ἐφρούρει τὴν πόλιν Δαμασκηνῶν πιάσαι με, 11.33. καὶ διὰ θυρίδος ἐν σαργάνῃ ἐχαλάσθην διὰ τοῦ τείχους καὶ ἐξέφυγον τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ. | |
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16. New Testament, Acts, 9.23-9.25 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 37| 9.23. Ὡς δὲ ἐπληροῦντο ἡμέραι ἱκαναί, συνεβουλεύσαντο οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἀνελεῖν αὐτόν· ἐγνώσθη δὲ τῷ Σαύλῳ ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ αὐτῶν. 9.24. παρετηροῦντο δὲ καὶ τὰς πύλας ἡμέρας τε καὶ νυκτὸς ὅπως αὐτὸν ἀνέλωσιν· 9.25. λαβόντες δὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ νυκτὸς διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν αὐτὸν χαλάσαντες ἐν σφυρίδι. | 9.23. When many days were fulfilled, the Jews conspired together to kill him, 9.24. but their plot became known to Saul. They watched the gates both day and night that they might kill him, 9.25. but his disciples took him by night, and let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket. |
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17. New Testament, Apocalypse, 3.20 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 93| 3.20. Ἰδοὺ ἕστηκα ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν καὶ κρούω· ἐάν τις ἀκούσῃ τῆς φωνῆς μου καὶ ἀνοίξῃ τὴν θύραν, εἰσελεύσομαι πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ δειπνήσω μετʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὸς μετʼ ἐμοῦ. | 3.20. Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, then I will come in to him, and will dine with him, and he with me. |
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18. New Testament, John, 19.28-19.30 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 89| 19.28. Μετὰ τοῦτο εἰδὼς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι ἤδη πάντα τετέλεσται ἵνα τελειωθῇ ἡ γραφὴ λέγει Διψῶ. 19.29. σκεῦος ἔκειτο ὄξους μεστόν· σπόγγον οὖν μεστὸν τοῦ ὄξους ὑσσώπῳ περιθέντες προσήνεγκαν αὐτοῦ τῷ στόματι. 19.30. ὅτε οὖν ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος [ὁ] Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Τετέλεσται, καὶ κλίνας τὴν κεφαλὴν παρέδωκεν τὸ πνεῦμα. | 19.28. After this, Jesus, seeing that all things were now finished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, "I am thirsty." 19.29. Now a vessel full of vinegar was set there; so they put a sponge full of the vinegar on hyssop, and held it at his mouth. 19.30. When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, "It is finished." He bowed his head, and gave up his spirit. |
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19. New Testament, Luke, 12.36 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 93| 12.36. καὶ ὑμεῖς ὅμοιοι ἀνθρώποις προσδεχομένοις τὸν κύριον ἑαυτῶν πότε ἀναλύσῃ ἐκ τῶν γάμων, ἵνα ἐλθόντος καὶ κρούσαντος εὐθέως ἀνοίξωσιν αὐτῷ. | 12.36. Be like men watching for their lord, when he returns from the marriage feast; that, when he comes and knocks, they may immediately open to him. |
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20. New Testament, Mark, 13.29 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 93| 13.29. οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὅταν ἴδητε ταῦτα γινόμενα, γινώσκετε ὅτι ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἐπὶ θύραις. | 13.29. even so you also, when you see these things coming to pass, know that it is near, at the doors. |
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| 21. Tosefta, Sanhedrin, 13.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163 |
22. Mishnah, Bava Qamma, 3.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 185| 3.4. "שְׁנֵי קַדָּרִין שֶׁהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין זֶה אַחַר זֶה, וְנִתְקַל הָרִאשׁוֹן וְנָפַל, וְנִתְקַל הַשֵּׁנִי בָּרִאשׁוֹן, הָרִאשׁוֹן חַיָּב בְּנִזְקֵי שֵׁנִי: \n", | 3.4. "Two pot-sellers were walking one behind the other and the first stumbled and fell, and the second fell on the first, the first one is liable for the injury caused to the second.", |
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23. Anon., Lamentations Rabbah, 1.5 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 90| 1.5. חַד מִירוּשָׁלַיִם אֲזַל גַּבֵּי תַּגָּרָא בְּאַתֵּינַס, אֲתָא אִיתְקַבֵּל בַּחֲנוּת, אַשְׁכַּח בְּנֵי נָשֵׁי שָׁרוּן יָתְבִין וְשַׁתְיָין חַמְרָא, מִדְּאֲכַל וְשָׁתָה בָּעֵי מִדְמוּךְ תַּמָּן, אָמְרִין לֵיהּ עֲבָדִין בֵּינַן דְּלָא נְקַבֵּל בַּר נָשׁ אַכְסַנָּאי אֶלָא עַד דִּקְפַץ תְּלַת קְפִיצִין. אֲמַר לוֹן וּמִי אֲנָא יָדַע אֵיךְ אַתּוּן קְפִיצִין אֶלָּא קוּם עֲבֵיד קוֹדָמוֹי וְאֶעֱבַד אֲנָא בַּתְרָךְ כְּוָתָךְ, קָם חַד מִנְהוֹן וּקְפַץ וְאִישְׁתְּכַח בְּמִצְעֵי דַּחֲנוּת, וּקְפַץ אוֹחֲרָן אִישְׁתְּכַח עַל תַּרְעָא פּוּמָא דַּחֲנוּתָא, קְפַץ אוֹחֲרָן וְאִישְׁתְּכַח לְבָרָא, קָם וּטְרַד תַּרְעָא בְּאַפֵּיהוֹן, אֲמַר לוֹן חַיֵּיכוֹן מַה דִּבְעִיתוּ לְמֶעֱבַד לִי עֲבַדִית לְכוֹן. | |
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| 24. Anon., Sifre Deuteronomy, 43 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163 |
| 25. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 13, 78, 28 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163 |
| 26. Palestinian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163 |
| 27. Anon., Qohelet Rabba, 2.8 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163 |
28. Babylonian Talmud, Bekhorot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163| 8b. מי כתיב מכל החיה ומכל הבהמה מכל הבהמה ומכל החיה כתיב ארור הוא מבהמה שנתקללה מחיה,ואימא כשם שנתקללה בהמה מחיה אחד לשלש ומאי ניהו עז מחתול כך נתקלל הוא מבהמה אחד לשלש דהוה ליה חמיסר ירחי,איבעית אימא מכל הבהמה כתיב אי בעית אימא קללה הוא קללה שדי עילויה,א"ל קיסר לרבי יהושע בן חנניה נחש לכמה מיעבר ומוליד א"ל לשב שני והא סבי דבי אתונא ארבעינהו ואוליד לתלת הנהו מיעברי הוו מעיקרא ד' [שנין] והא קמשמשי שמושי אינהו נמי משמשי כאדם,והא חכימי אינהו אנן חכימינן מינייהו אי חכימת זיל זכינהו ואיתינהו לי אמר ליה כמה הוו שיתין גברי,אמר ליה עביד לי ספינתא דאית בה שיתין בתי וכל ביתא אית בה שיתין ביסתרקי עבד ליה כי מטא להתם [על] לבי טבחא אשכחיה לההוא גברא דקא פשיט חיותא א"ל רישך לזבוני א"ל אין א"ל בכמה א"ל בפלגא דזוזא יהב ליה,לסוף א"ל אנא רישא דחיותא אמרי לך אמר ליה אי בעית דאישבקך סגי אחוי לי פיתחא דבי אתונא א"ל מסתפינא דכל דמחוי קטלי ליה א"ל דרי כריכא דקניא וכי מטית להתם זקפה כמאן דקא מתפח,אזל אשכח דרבנאי מגואי ודרבנאי מבראי דאי חזו כרעא דעיילא קטלי להו לבראי ודנפקא קטלי להו לגואי,אפכה לסנדליה קטלי להו לגואי אפכה לסנדליה קטלי להו לכולהו,[אזל] אשכח ינוקי מלעיל סבי מלתחת אמר אי יהיבנא שלמא להני קטלי לי הני סברי אנן עדיפינן דאנן קשינן טפי ואינהו דרדקי,אמר שלמא לכו אמרו ליה מאי עבידתיך אמר להו (אנא) חכימא דיהודאי אנא בעינא למיגמר חכמתא מינייכו אי הכי ניבעי לך אמר להו לחיי אי זכיתו [לי] כל דבעיתו עבידו בי ואי זכינא בכו איכלו גבאי בספינתא,א"ל ההוא גברא דאזיל ובעי אתתא ולא יהבו ליה מאי חזי ליה דאזיל היכא דמדלו מיניה שקל סיכתא דצה לתתאי לא עאל לעילאי עאל אמר האי נמי מיתרמי בת מזליה,גברא דאוזיף וטריף מאי חזא דהדר אוזיף אמר להו גברא אזל לאגמא קטל קמא טונא ולא מצי ביה קטיל ומנח עילויה עד דאיתרמי איניש מדלי ליה,אמרו ליה אימא לן מילי דבדיאי אמר להו הוה ההוא כודניתא דילידא והוה תלי ליה פיתקא וכתב ביה דמסיק בבי אבא מאה אלפא זוזי אמרו ליה וכודניתא מי ילדה אמר להו הי ניהו מילי דבדיאי,מילחא כי סריא במאי מלחי לה אמר להו בסילתא דכודניתא ומי איכא סילתא לכודנתא ומילחא מי סרי,בני לן ביתא באוירא דעלמא אמר שם תלא בין רקיעא לארעא אמר להו אסיקו לי ליבני וטינא מציעתיה דעלמא היכא זקפה לאצבעתיה אמר להו הכא א"ל ומי יימר אייתו אשלי ומשחו,אית לן בירא בדברא עיילא למתא א"ל אפשילו לי חבלי מפארי ואעייליה אית לן ריחיא דתבירא חייטיה אמר כרוכו לי מיניה גרדי ואיחייטיה,משרא דסכיני במאי קטלי בקרנא דחמרא ומי איכא קרנא לחמרא ומי איכא משרא דסכיני,אייתו ליה תרי ביעי א"ל הי דזגתא אוכמתי והי דזגתא חיוורתי אייתי להו איהו תרי גביני אמר להו הי דעיזא אוכמתי והי דעיזא חיוורתי,ורצוצא דמית מהיכא נפיק רוחיה מהיכא דעל נפק אחוי לן מנא דלא שוי חביליה אייתו (כל חד וחד) בודיא פשטוה לא הוה עייל בתרעא אמר להו אייתו מרי סיתרוה היינו מנא דלא שוו חביליה,איתינהו כל חד וחד כי חזי שיתין ביסתרקי אמר כולהו חבראי להכא אתו אמר ליה לספונא שרי ספינתך בהדי דקאתו שקל עפרא מעפרייהו | 8b. The Gemara responds: b Is it written: /b Cursed are you b from among all beasts, and from among all animals? /b No, b it is written: “From among all animals, and from among all beasts,” /b meaning that b it is cursed from among the domesticated animals, which were cursed from among the undomesticated animals. /b ,The Gemara challenges: Why must it mean that the snake was cursed more than the donkey in the same proportion that the donkey was cursed more than the cat? b But say /b instead that b just as the domesticated animals were cursed /b more b than the undomesticated animals /b by a measure of b one to three; /b the Gemara interjects: b And /b in b what /b case b is that? /b It is in the case of b a goat, /b whose gestation period is five months, compared b to a cat, /b whose gestation period is fifty-two days. The Gemara continues its challenge: b So too, /b the snake b was cursed /b more b than the domesticated animals, /b i.e., the goat, by a proportion of b one to three, which is fifteen months. /b ,The Gemara answers: b If you wish, say /b that b it is written: /b “Cursed are you b from among all animals,” /b including the most accursed of them, i.e., the donkey. b If you wish, say /b instead that since b it is a curse /b that the snake received here, the verse b imposes upon it /b the most extreme b curse /b that can be derived from the text.,§ With regard to the gestation time of a snake, the Gemara relates that b the /b Roman b emperor said to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya: /b In the case of b a snake, after how long /b a period of b gestation does it give birth? /b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya b said to him: After seven years. /b The emperor said to him: b But the elders, /b i.e., the sages, b of the school of Athens bred /b snakes b and they gave birth after three /b years. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya responded: b Those /b snakes b were /b already b pregt from beforehand /b for b four /b years. The emperor asked: b But they engaged in intercourse, /b and animals do so only in order to give birth, not when they are already pregt. Rabbi Yehoshua responded: Snakes b also engage in intercourse like people, /b i.e., they do not do so solely for reproduction.,The emperor said to him: b But /b how can you disagree with the sages of Athens? b Aren’t they wise? /b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya responded: b We are wiser than they. /b The emperor said: b If you are wiser /b than they, then b go defeat them /b in debate b and bring them to me. /b Rabbi Yehoshua b said to him: How many are there? /b The emperor answered: b Sixty men. /b ,Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya b said to him: Construct a ship that has sixty rooms for me, and each room /b should b have sixty mattresses [ i bistarkei /i ] in it. /b The emperor b constructed /b it b for him. /b Rabbi Yehoshua then set out on the ship for Athens. b When /b he b arrived there, /b he entered b a butcher shop /b and b found a certain man, /b the butcher, b flaying an animal. /b Rabbi Yehoshua b said to him: Is your head for sale? /b The butcher b said to him: Yes /b it is. Rabbi Yehoshua b said to him: For how much /b is it being sold? The butcher b said to him: For half a dinar. /b Rabbi Yehoshua b gave him /b the money., b After /b Rabbi Yehoshua paid the butcher, b he said to him: /b Did b I say to you /b that I wanted b the head of the animal? /b I was referring to your head, and you must now keep your word and give me your head. Rabbi Yehoshua b said to him: If you wish for me to let you be, go /b and b show me the entrance to the school of /b the sages of b Athens. /b The butcher b said to him: I am afraid, as they kill anyone who shows /b its location to another. Rabbi Yehoshua b said to him: Carry a bundle of reeds, and when you arrive there, stand it up like one who is resting, /b to mark the location. The butcher did this, and Rabbi Yehoshua successfully found the entrance.,Rabbi Yehoshua b found guards /b stationed b on the inside and guards /b stationed b on the outside /b to ensure that no one could enter or exit. They also spread sand on the ground in the entranceway so that they could detect if anyone entered or left. b If they saw footsteps that were entering /b they would b kill the outer /b guards for allowing people to enter, b and /b if they saw footsteps b that were exiting /b they would b kill the inner /b guards for allowing people to leave.,Rabbi Yehoshua b reversed his sandal /b so it was facing away from the entrance, walked on the sand, and snuck away, thereby creating the appearance of someone who had left the building. When the authorities saw the footsteps, b they killed the inner /b guards. Rabbi Yehoshua then returned, b reversed his sandal, /b and made footsteps in the sand indicating that someone had entered the building. They then b killed all /b the guards, including the outer ones, and Rabbi Yehoshua succeeded in entering the building.,Rabbi Yehoshua b found the younger /b sages sitting in the b upper, /b more prominent section, and b the elder /b ones in the b lower /b section. b He said /b to himself: I must first greet the younger sages, as they are sitting in the upper section, prior to the elder sages; but b if I greet these /b younger sages first, b those /b elder sages will b kill me, /b as b they maintain: We are better, because we are older and they are children. /b ,Rabbi Yehoshua b said: Greetings to you, /b but did not directly address either group. b They said to him: What are you doing /b here? Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: I am a Sage of the Jews, /b and b I desire to learn wisdom from you. /b They said to him: b If so, we will ask you /b questions and see if you are worthy of this privilege. Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: Very well. If you win, you may do to me anything you wish, and if I defeat you, /b then b eat with me on my ship. /b ,The sages of Athens b said to him: /b In the case of b a certain man who goes and asks /b to marry b a woman and /b her family b does not give /b her b to him, why would he see /b fit b to go to /b a family b that is greater than /b the first? Rabbi Yehoshua b took a peg /b and b stuck it /b into the b lower /b part of the wall, but it did b not go in. /b He then stuck it b into the upper /b portion of the wall where there was a hole, and it b went in. He said /b to them: In b this /b case b too, /b where he goes to a more distinguished family than the first, perhaps he will b find the girl destined /b for him.,The sages of Athens asked him another question: In the case of b a man who lends /b money to an individual and the borrower does not repay the loan, b and /b the lender b repossesses /b the borrower’s property as payment instead, b why would /b he b see /b fit b to lend /b to others b again? /b Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: /b This is what people do: If b a man goes to the pond, initially cuts a bundle /b of reeds, b but /b finds that he b cannot /b lift b it, /b he does not stop cutting wood. Instead, he b cuts /b more wood b and places /b it b upon /b the first, b until a person happens /b to pass by and helps him b raise it /b upon his shoulders, so that he can carry it home. So too, a person continues to lend based on the assumption that he will eventually find an appropriate borrower.,The sages of Athens b said to him: Say to us a matter of nonsense. /b Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: There was a certain mule that gave birth, and a note was hanging on /b the newborn mule’s neck b and on it was written that it is owed 100,000 dinars by its father’s household. They said to him: But can a mule give birth? /b Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: This is /b why it is b a matter of nonsense, /b as it is impossible for a mule to give birth.,The sages of Athens then asked another question: b When salt is spoiling, with what does one salt it /b to preserve it? Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: With the placenta of a mule. /b They said to him: b But is there a placenta of a mule? /b Rabbi Yehoshua said to them: b And does salt spoil? /b ,They said to him: b Build us a house in the air of the world. /b Rabbi Yehoshua b uttered a Name /b of God and b hovered between the sky and the earth. He said to them: Bring up to me bricks and mortar /b and I will build you a house here. They asked him: b Where is the center of the world? /b Rabbi Yehoshua b raised his finger /b and b said to them: Here. They said to him: And who says /b that you are correct? He said to them: b Bring ropes and measure. /b ,They said to him: b We have a pit in the field; bring it to the city. /b Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: Braid ropes /b made b of bran for me and I will bring it /b to the city with them. They then said to him: b We have a mill that broke; sew it /b back together. Rabbi Yehoshua b said /b to them: b Pull out threads from /b the mill b for me and I will sew them /b together.,They asked him another question: b With what does one harvest a field of knives? /b Rabbi Yehoshua answered: b With the horn of a donkey. /b They said to him: b But is there /b such an item as b a horn of a donkey? /b He said to them: b But is there /b such a thing as b a field of knives? /b , b They brought him two eggs /b and b said to him: Which is /b the egg b of a black hen and which is /b the egg b of a white hen? /b Rabbi Yehoshua b brought them two cheeses, /b and b said to them: Which /b is the cheese b from the black goat and which /b is b from the white goat? /b ,They asked him: b And /b in the case of b a chick that dies /b inside the egg, b from where does its spirit exit? /b Rabbi Yehoshua said to them: b From where it enters, it departs. /b They said to him: b Show us a utensil that is not worth the damage /b that it causes. Rabbi Yehoshua said to them: b Each one of you bring a mat /b and b spread it out. /b When they did so, each mat b did not enter the gate /b due to its size. Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: Bring axes /b and b break /b the gate so that you can bring it inside. b This is a utensil that is not worth its damage. /b ,§ After Rabbi Yehoshua defeated the sages of Athens in debate, b he brought them /b to his ship as they had agreed. He then brought each one to a different room. b When each one saw the sixty mattresses /b in his room, b he said /b to himself: b All of my colleagues are coming here, /b and waited for them without attempting to leave. Rabbi Yehoshua b said to the sailor: Release your ship, /b i.e., begin sailing. b While they were coming /b to the emperor in Rome, b he took /b out some b dirt /b that he had taken b from the dirt of /b Athens. |
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29. Babylonian Talmud, Berachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 4| 10a. כל פרשה שהיתה חביבה על דוד פתח בה באשרי וסיים בה באשרי פתח באשרי דכתיב (תהלים א, א) אשרי האיש וסיים באשרי דכתיב (תהלים ב, יב) אשרי כל חוסי בו:,הנהו בריוני דהוו בשבבותיה דר"מ והוו קא מצערו ליה טובא הוה קא בעי ר' מאיר רחמי עלויהו כי היכי דלימותו אמרה לי' ברוריא דביתהו מאי דעתך משום דכתיב (תהלים קד, לה) יתמו חטאים מי כתיב חוטאים חטאים כתיב,ועוד שפיל לסיפיה דקרא ורשעים עוד אינם כיון דיתמו חטאים ורשעים עוד אינם אלא בעי רחמי עלויהו דלהדרו בתשובה ורשעים עוד אינם,בעא רחמי עלויהו והדרו בתשובה:,אמר לה ההוא צדוקי לברוריא כתיב (ישעיהו נד, א) רני עקרה לא ילדה משום דלא ילדה רני,אמרה ליה שטיא שפיל לסיפיה דקרא דכתיב כי רבים בני שוממה מבני בעולה אמר ה',אלא מאי עקרה לא ילדה רני כנסת ישראל שדומה לאשה עקרה שלא ילדה בנים לגיהנם כותייכו:,א"ל ההוא צדוקי לר' אבהו כתיב (תהלים ג, א) מזמור לדוד בברחו מפני אבשלום בנו וכתיב (תהלים נז, א) לדוד מכתם בברחו מפני שאול במערה הי מעשה הוה ברישא מכדי מעשה שאול הוה ברישא לכתוב ברישא,אמר ליה אתון דלא דרשיתון סמוכין קשיא לכו אנן דדרשינן סמוכים לא קשיא לן,דא"ר יוחנן סמוכין מן התורה מנין שנא' (תהלים קיא, ח) סמוכים לעד לעולם עשוים באמת וישר,למה נסמכה פרשת אבשלום לפרשת גוג ומגוג שאם יאמר לך אדם כלום יש עבד שמורד ברבו אף אתה אמור לו כלום יש בן שמורד באביו אלא הוה הכא נמי הוה:,אמר ר' יוחנן משום רבי שמעון בן יוחי מאי דכתיב (משלי לא, כו) פיה פתחה בחכמה ותורת חסד על לשונה כנגד מי אמר שלמה מקרא זה לא אמרו אלא כנגד דוד אביו שדר בחמשה עולמים ואמר שירה,דר במעי אמו ואמר שירה שנאמר (תהלים קג, א) ברכי נפשי את ה' וכל קרבי את שם קדשו,יצא לאויר העולם ונסתכל בכוכבים ומזלות ואמר שירה שנאמר (תהלים קג, כ) ברכו ה' מלאכיו גבורי כח עושי דברו לשמוע בקול דברו ברכו ה' כל צבאיו וגו',ינק משדי אמו ונסתכל בדדיה ואמר שירה שנאמר (תהלים קג, ב) ברכי נפשי את ה' ואל תשכחי כל גמוליו,מאי כל גמוליו אמר ר' אבהו שעשה לה דדים במקום בינה,טעמא מאי אמר (רבי) יהודה כדי שלא יסתכל במקום ערוה רב מתנא אמר כדי שלא יינק ממקום הטנופת,ראה במפלתן של רשעים ואמר שירה שנאמר (תהלים קד, לה) יתמו חטאים מן הארץ ורשעים עוד אינם ברכי נפשי את ה' הללויה,נסתכל ביום המיתה ואמר שירה שנאמר (תהלים קד, א) ברכי נפשי את ה' ה' אלהי גדלת מאד הוד והדר לבשת,מאי משמע דעל יום המיתה נאמר אמר רבה בר רב שילא מסיפא דעניינא דכתיב (תהלים קד, כט) תסתיר פניך יבהלון תוסף רוחם יגועון וגו',רב שימי בר עוקבא ואמרי לה מר עוקבא הוה שכיח קמיה דר' שמעון בן פזי והוה מסדר אגדתא קמיה דר' יהושע בן לוי אמר ליה מאי דכתיב (תהלים קג, א) ברכי נפשי את ה' וכל קרבי את שם קדשו אמר ליה בא וראה שלא כמדת הקדוש ברוך הוא מדת בשר ודם מדת בשר ודם צר צורה על גבי הכותל ואינו יכול להטיל בה רוח ונשמה קרבים ובני מעים והקב"ה אינו כן צר צורה בתוך צורה ומטיל בה רוח ונשמה קרבים ובני מעים והיינו דאמרה חנה (שמואל א ב, ב) אין קדוש כה' כי אין בלתך ואין צור כאלהינו.,מאי אין צור כאלהינו אין צייר כאלהינו,מאי כי אין בלתך אמר ר' יהודה בר מנסיא אל תקרי כי אין בלתך אלא אין לבלותך שלא כמדת הקדוש ברוך הוא מדת בשר ודם מדת בשר ודם מעשה ידיו מבלין אותו והקב"ה מבלה מעשיו,א"ל אנא הכי קא אמינא לך הני חמשה ברכי נפשי כנגד מי אמרן דוד לא אמרן אלא כנגד הקב"ה וכנגד נשמה,מה הקב"ה מלא כל העולם אף נשמה מלאה את כל הגוף מה הקדוש ברוך הוא רואה ואינו נראה אף נשמה רואה ואינה נראית מה הקב"ה זן את כל העולם כלו אף נשמה זנה את כל הגוף מה הקב"ה טהור אף נשמה טהורה מה הקב"ה יושב בחדרי חדרים אף נשמה יושבת בחדרי חדרים יבא מי שיש בו חמשה דברים הללו וישבח למי שיש בו חמשה דברים הללו:,אמר רב המנונא מאי דכתיב (קהלת ח, א) מי כהחכם ומי יודע פשר דבר מי כהקדוש ברוך הוא שיודע לעשות פשרה בין שני צדיקים בין חזקיהו לישעיהו חזקיהו אמר ליתי ישעיהו גבאי דהכי אשכחן באליהו דאזל לגבי אחאב (שנאמר (מלכים א יח, ב) וילך אליהו להראות אל אחאב) ישעיהו אמר ליתי חזקיהו גבאי דהכי אשכחן ביהורם בן אחאב דאזל לגבי אלישע,מה עשה הקב"ה הביא יסורים על חזקיהו ואמר לו לישעיהו לך ובקר את החולה שנאמר (מלכים ב כ, א) בימים ההם חלה חזקיהו למות ויבא אליו ישעיהו בן אמוץ הנביא ויאמר אליו כה אמר ה' (צבאות) צו לביתך כי מת אתה ולא תחיה וגו' מאי כי מת אתה ולא תחיה מת אתה בעולם הזה ולא תחיה לעולם הבא,אמר ליה מאי כולי האי אמר ליה משום דלא עסקת בפריה ורביה א"ל משום דחזאי לי ברוח הקדש דנפקי מינאי בנין דלא מעלו,א"ל בהדי כבשי דרחמנא למה לך מאי דמפקדת איבעי לך למעבד ומה דניחא קמיה קודשא בריך הוא לעביד,אמר ליה השתא הב לי ברתך אפשר דגרמא זכותא דידי ודידך ונפקי מנאי בנין דמעלו א"ל כבר נגזרה עליך גזירה א"ל בן אמוץ כלה נבואתך וצא,כך מקובלני מבית אבי אבא אפי' חרב חדה מונחת על צוארו של אדם אל ימנע עצמו מן הרחמים,אתמר נמי רבי יוחנן ורבי (אליעזר) דאמרי תרוייהו אפילו חרב חדה מונחת על צוארו של אדם אל ימנע עצמו מן הרחמים שנא' (איוב יג, טו) הן יקטלני לו איחל | 10a. b Every chapter that was dear to David, he began with “happy is” and concluded with “happy is.” He opened with “happy is,” as it is written: “Happy is the man /b who has not walked in the counsel of the wicked or stood in the way of sinners or sat in the dwelling place of the scornful” (Psalms 1:1). b And he concluded with “happy,” as it is written /b at the end of the chapter: “Pay homage in purity, lest He be angry, and you perish on the way when His anger is kindled suddenly. b Happy are those who take refuge in Him” /b (Psalms 2:12). We see that these two chapters actually constitute a single chapter.,With regard to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda, son of Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, that David did not say i Halleluya /i until he saw the downfall of the wicked, the Gemara relates: b There were these hooligans in Rabbi Meir’s neighborhood who caused him a great deal of anguish. Rabbi Meir prayed for /b God to have b mercy on them, that they should die. Rabbi Meir’s wife, Berurya, said to him: What is your thinking? /b On what basis do you pray for the death of these hooligans? Do you base yourself on the verse, b as it is written: “Let sins cease from the land” /b (Psalms 104:35), which you interpret to mean that the world would be better if the wicked were destroyed? But b is it written, /b let b sinners /b cease?” Let b sins /b cease, b is written. /b One should pray for an end to their transgressions, not for the demise of the transgressors themselves., b Moreover, go to the end of the verse, /b where it says: b “And the wicked will be no more.” /b If, as you suggest, b transgressions shall cease /b refers to the demise of the evildoers, how is it possible that b the wicked will be no more, /b i.e., that they will no longer be evil? b Rather, pray for /b God to have b mercy on them, that they should repent, /b as if they repent, then the wicked will be no more, as they will have repented.,Rabbi Meir saw that Berurya was correct b and he prayed for /b God to have b mercy on them, and they repented. /b ,The Gemara relates an additional example of Berurya’s incisive insight: b A certain heretic said to Berurya: It is written: “Sing, barren woman who has not given birth, /b open forth in song and cry, you did not travail, for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, said the Lord” (Isaiah 54:1). b Because she has not given birth, /b she should b sing /b and rejoice?,Berurya responded to this heretic’s mockery and b said: Fool! Go to the end of the verse, where it is written: “For the children of the desolate shall be more numerous than the children of the married wife, said the Lord.” /b , b Rather, what /b is the meaning of: b “Sing, barren woman who has not given birth”? /b It means: b Sing congregation of Israel, which is like a barren woman who did not give birth to children who are /b destined b for Gehenna like you. /b ,In explaining passages from Psalms, the Gemara relates another instance of a response to the question of a heretic: b A certain heretic said to Rabbi Abbahu, it is written: “A Psalm of David, when he fled from his son, Absalom” /b (Psalms 3:1), b and /b similarly b it is said: /b “To the chief musician, i al tashḥet /i , b a i mikhtam /i of David when fleeing from Saul into the cave” /b (Psalms 57:1). b Which event was first? Since the event with Saul was first, /b it would have been appropriate b to write it first. /b ,Rabbi Abbahu b said to him: /b For b you, who do /b not employ the b homiletic /b method b of juxtaposition /b of verses, b it is difficult. /b But for b us, who /b employ the b homiletic /b method b of juxtaposition /b of verses, b it is not difficult, /b as the Sages commonly homiletically infer laws and moral lessons from the juxtaposition of two verses.,Regarding the juxtaposition of verses, b Rabbi Yoḥa said: From where /b in the Bible is it derived that one may draw homiletical inferences from the b juxtaposition /b of verses? b As it is said: /b “The works of His hands in truth and justice, all His commandments are sure. b Adjoined forever and ever, made in truth and uprightness” /b (Psalms 111:7–8). Conclude from here that it is appropriate to draw inferences from the juxtaposition of God’s commandments. Accordingly, David’s fleeing from Absalom is situated where it is in order to juxtapose it to the next chapter, which mentions the war of Gog and Magog; the second chapter of Psalms opens: “Why are the nations in an uproar?”, b Why was the chapter of Absalom juxtaposed with the chapter of Gog and Magog? /b They are juxtaposed b so /b that b if a person should say to you, /b expressing doubt with regard to the prophecy of the war of Gog and Magog “against the Lord and against His anointed”: b Is there a slave who rebels against his master? /b Is there someone capable of rebelling against God? b You too say to him: Is there a son who rebels against his father /b and severs the relationship with the one who brought him into the world and raised him? b Yet, /b nevertheless, b there was /b such a son, Absalom, and b so too there /b can b be /b a situation where people will seek to rebel against God., b Rabbi Yoḥa said /b explanations of other verses b in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: What is /b the meaning of b that which is written: “She opens her mouth with wisdom, and the teaching of loving-kindness is on her tongue” /b (Proverbs 31:26)? The Sages explain that this chapter discusses the wisdom of Torah and those who engage in its study, so b with reference to whom did Solomon say this verse? He said this /b verse b about none other than his father, David, /b who was the clearest example of one who opens his mouth in wisdom, and b who resided in five worlds /b or stages of life b and /b his soul b said a song /b of praise corresponding to each of them. Five times David said: “Bless the Lord, O my soul,” each corresponding to a different stage of life., b He resided in his mother’s womb, /b his first world, b and said a song /b of praise of the pregcy, b as it is stated: /b “of David. b Bless the Lord, O my soul and all that is within me bless His holy name” /b (Psalms 103:1), in which he thanks God for creating all that is within his mother, i.e., her womb., b He emerged into the atmosphere of the world, /b his second world, b looked upon the stars and constellations and said a song /b of praise of God for the entirety of creation, b as it is stated: “Bless the Lord, His angels, mighty in strength, that fulfill His word, listening to the voice of His word. Bless the Lord, all His hosts, /b His servants, that do His will. Bless the Lord, all His works, in all places of His kingship, bless my soul, Lord” (Psalms 103:20–23). David saw the grandeur of all creation and recognized that they are mere servants, carrying out the will of their Creator ( i Ma’ayan HaBerakhot /i )., b He nursed from his mother’s breast, /b his third world, b and he looked upon her bosom and said a song /b of praise, b as it is stated: “Bless the Lord, O my soul, and do not forget all His benefits [ i gemulav /i ]” /b (Psalms 103:2). The etymological association is between i gemulav /i and i gemulei meḥalav /i , which means weaned from milk (Isaiah 28:9).,We still must understand, however, b what is /b meant by b all His benefits? /b What in particular is praiseworthy in what God provided, beyond merely providing for the infant? b Rabbi Abbahu said: /b In contrast with most other animals, God b placed her breasts /b near her heart, b the place /b that is the source b of understanding. /b , b What is the reason /b that God did this? b Rav Yehuda said: So that /b the nursing child b would not look upon the place of /b his mother’s b nakedness. Rav Mattana said: So that /b the child b would not nurse from a place of uncleanliness. /b , b He witnessed /b in both vision and reality b the downfall of the wicked and he said a song /b of praise, b as it is stated: “Let sinners cease from the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless the Lord, O my soul, i Halleluya /i ” /b (Psalms 104:35).,The fifth world was when David b looked upon the day of death and said a song /b of praise, b as it is stated: “Bless the Lord, O my soul. Lord my God, You are very great; You are clothed in glory and majesty” /b (Psalms 104:1); for even death is a time of transcendence for the righteous.,The connection between this final praise and the day of death is unclear. The Gemara asks: b From where is it inferred /b that b this /b verse b was stated with regard to the day of death? /b Rabba bar Rav Sheila says: We can derive this b from /b the verses at b the end of the matter, /b where b it is written: “You hide Your face, they vanish; You gather Your breath, they perish /b and return to the dust” (Psalms 104:29).,Other interpretations of this verse exist. The Gemara relates how b Rav Shimi bar Ukva, and some say Mar Ukva, would regularly /b study b before Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, /b who was well versed in i aggada /i and b would arrange the i aggada /i before Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi. /b br Once, Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi b said to him: What is /b the meaning of b that which is written: “Bless the Lord, my soul, and all that is within me bless His Holy name”? /b br Rav Shimi bar Ukva b said to /b Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi: b Come and see that the attribute of the Holy One, Blessed be He, is not like the attribute of flesh and blood, /b as this verse praises the formation of man in his mother’s womb. b The attribute of flesh and blood is /b such that he b shapes a form on the wall /b for all to see, yet b he cannot instill it with a spirit and soul, bowels and intestines. /b While b the Holy One, Blessed be He, is not so, /b as God b shapes one form within another form, /b a child in its mother’s womb, b and instills it with spirit and soul, bowels and intestines. And this is /b the explanation of b what Hannah said /b with regard to the birth of Samuel: b “There is none holy like the Lord, for there is none like You, and there is no Rock like our God” /b (I Samuel 2:2)., b What is /b the meaning of b there is no rock [ i tzur /i ] like our God? There is no artist [ i tzayyar /i ] like our God. /b ,The Gemara continues to interpret the rest of that verse homiletically: b What is /b the meaning of b “there is none like You”? Rabbi Yehuda ben Menasya said: Do not read /b the verse to mean b “there is none like You [ i biltekha /i ]”; rather, read /b it to mean b “none can outlast You [ i levalotkha /i ],” as the attribute of the Holy One, Blessed be He, is not like the attribute of flesh and blood: The attribute of flesh and blood is /b such b that his creations outlast him, /b but b the Holy One, Blessed be He, outlasts His actions. /b ,This did not satisfy Rav Shimi bar Ukva, who b said to /b Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi: b I /b meant to b say to you as follows: Corresponding to whom did David say these five /b instance of b “Bless /b the Lord, b O my soul”? /b He answered him: b He said them about none other than the Holy One, Blessed be He, and corresponding to the soul, /b as the verse refers to the relationship between man’s soul and God. The five instances of “Bless the Lord, O my soul” correspond to the five parallels between the soul in man’s body and God’s power in His world., b Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, fills the entire world, so too the soul fills the entire body. /b br b Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, sees but is not seen, so too does the soul see, but is not seen. /b br b Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, sustains the entire world, so too the soul sustains the entire body. /b br b Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, is pure, so too is the soul pure. /b br b Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, resides in a chamber within a chamber, /b in His inner sanctum, b so too the soul resides in a chamber within a chamber, /b in the innermost recesses of the body. br Therefore, b that which has these five characteristics, /b the soul, b should come and praise He Who has these five characteristics. /b ,With regard to redemption and prayer, the Gemara tells the story of Hezekiah’s illness, his prayer to God, and subsequent recuperation. b Rav Hamnuna said: What is /b the meaning of b that which is written /b praising the Holy One, Blessed be He: b “Who is like the wise man, and who knows the interpretation [ i pesher /i ] of the matter” /b (Ecclesiastes 8:1)? This verse means: b Who is like the Holy One, Blessed be He, Who knows how to effect compromise [ i peshara /i ] between two righteous individuals, between Hezekiah, /b the king of Judea, b and Isaiah /b the prophet. They disagreed over which of them should visit the other. b Hezekiah said: Let Isaiah come to me, as that is what we find with regard to Elijah /b the prophet, b who went to Ahab, /b the king of Israel, b as it is stated: “And Elijah went to appear to Ahab” /b (I Kings 18:2). This proves that it is the prophet who must seek out the king. b And Isaiah said: Let Hezekiah come to me, as that is what we find with regard to Yehoram ben Ahab, /b king of Israel, b who went to Elisha /b the prophet, as it is stated: “So the king of Israel, Jehosaphat and the king of Edom went down to him” (II Kings 3:12)., b What did the Holy One, Blessed be He, do /b to effect compromise between Hezekiah and Isaiah? b He brought the suffering /b of illness b upon Hezekiah and told Isaiah: Go and visit the sick. /b Isaiah did as God instructed, b as it is stated: “In those days Hezekiah became deathly ill, and Isaiah ben Amoz the prophet came and said to him: Thus says the Lord of Hosts: Set your house in order, for you will die and you will not live” /b (Isaiah 38:1). This seems redundant; b what is /b the meaning of b you will die and you will not live? /b This repetition means: b You will die in this world, and you will not live, /b you will have no share, b in the World-to-Come. /b ,Hezekiah b said to him: What is all of this? /b For what transgression am I being punished? br Isaiah b said to him: Because you did not /b marry and b engage in procreation. /b br Hezekiah apologized and b said: /b I had no children b because I envisaged through divine inspiration that the children that emerge from me will not be virtuous. /b Hezekiah meant that he had seen that his children were destined to be evil. In fact, his son Menashe sinned extensively, and he thought it preferable to have no children at all.,Isaiah b said to him: Why do you /b involve b yourself with the secrets of the Holy One, Blessed be He? That which you have been commanded, /b the mitzva of procreation, b you are required to perform, and that which is acceptable /b in the eyes of b the Holy One, Blessed be He, let Him perform, /b as He has so decided.,Hezekiah b said to /b Isaiah: b Now give me your daughter /b as my wife; b perhaps my merit and your merit will cause virtuous children to emerge from me. /b br Isaiah b said to him: The decree has already been decreed against you /b and this judgment cannot be changed. br Hezekiah b said to him: Son of Amoz, cease your prophecy and leave. /b As long as the prophet spoke as God’s emissary, Hezekiah was obligated to listen to him. He was not, however, obligated to accept Isaiah’s personal opinion that there was no possibility for mercy and healing.,Hezekiah continued: b I have received a tradition from the house of my father’s father, /b from King David, the founding father of the dynasty of kings of Judea: b Even /b if b a sharp sword rests upon a person’s neck, he should not prevent himself from /b praying for b mercy. /b One may still hold out hope that his prayers will be answered, as was David himself when he saw the Angel of Destruction, but nonetheless prayed for mercy and his prayers were answered.,With regard to the fact that one should not despair of God’s mercy, the Gemara cites that b it was also said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa and Rabbi Eliezer both said: Even if a sharp sword is resting upon a person’s neck, he should not prevent himself from /b praying for b mercy, as it is stated /b in the words of Job: b “Though He slay me, I will trust in Him” /b (Job 13:15). Even though God is about to take his life, he still prays for God’s mercy. |
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30. Babylonian Talmud, Eruvin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, common features of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 4, 163, 164| 101a. big strongמתני׳ /strong /big הדלת שבמוקצה וחדקים שבפרצה ומחצלות אין נועלין בהן אלא אם כן גבוהים מן הארץ:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big ורמינהו דלת הנגררת ומחצלת הנגררת וקנקן הנגרר בזמן שקשורין ותלויין נועלין בהן בשבת ואין צריך לומר ביום טוב,אמר אביי בשיש להם ציר רבא אמר בשהיה להן ציר,מיתיבי דלת הנגררת ומחצלת הנגררת וקנקן הנגרר בזמן שקשורין ותלויין וגבוהים מן הארץ אפילו מלא נימא נועלין בהן ואם לאו אין נועלין בהן,אביי מתרץ לטעמיה ורבא מתרץ לטעמיה אביי מתרץ לטעמיה או שיש להן ציר או שגבוהין מן הארץ רבא מתרץ לטעמיה כשהיה להן ציר או שגבוהין מן הארץ,ת"ר סוכי קוצים וחבילין שהתקינן לפירצה שבחצר בזמן שקשורין ותלויין נועלין בהן בשבת וא"צ לומר ביו"ט,תני ר' חייא דלת אלמנה הנגררת אין נועלין בה היכי דמי דלת אלמנה איכא דאמרי דחד שיפא ואיכא דאמרי דלית ליה גשמה,אמר רב יהודה האי מדורתא ממעלה למטה שרי ממטה למעלה אסיר,וכן ביעתא וכן קידרא וכן פוריא וכן חביתא,א"ל ההוא צדוקי לרבי יהושע בן חנניה חדקאה דכתיב בכו (מיכה ז, ד) טובם כחדק אמר ליה שטיא שפיל לסיפיה דקרא דכתיב ישר ממסוכה ואלא מאי טובם כחדק כשם שחדקים הללו מגינין על הפירצה כך טובים שבנו מגינים עלינו דבר אחר טובם כחדק שמהדקין את הרשעים לגיהנם שנאמר (מיכה ד, יג) קומי ודושי בת ציון כי קרנך אשים ברזל ופרסותיך אשים נחושה והדיקות עמים רבים וגו':, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big לא יעמוד אדם ברשות היחיד ויפתח ברשות הרבים ברשות הרבים ויפתח ברשות היחיד אא"כ עשה מחיצה גבוה עשרה טפחים דברי ר' מאיר,אמרו לו מעשה בשוק של פטמים שהיה בירושלים שהיו נועלין ומניחין את המפתח בחלון שעל גבי הפתח רבי יוסי אומר שוק של צמרים הוה:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big ורבנן אמר רבי מאיר רשות הרבים ומהדרו אינהו כרמלית דאמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן ירושלים אלמלא דלתותיה ננעלות בלילה חייבין עליה משום רשות הרבים,אמר רב פפא כאן קודם שנפרצו בה פרצות כאן לאחר שנפרצו בה פרצות,רבא אמר סיפא אתאן לשערי גינה והכי קאמר וכן לא יעמוד ברשות היחיד ויפתח בכרמלית בכרמלית ויפתח ברשות היחיד | 101a. strong MISHNA: /strong With regard to b the door to a rear court, /b i.e., a door that opens from a house to the courtyard situated behind it, which is typically not a proper door but merely a wooden board without hinges that closes off the doorway; b and /b likewise b bundles of thorns /b that seal b a breach; and /b reed b mats, one /b may b not close /b an opening b with them /b on Shabbat. This would be considered building or completing a building, b unless they /b remain b above the ground /b even when they are open., strong GEMARA: /strong b And /b the Gemara b raises a contradiction /b from a i baraita /i : With regard to b a door, or a mat, or a lattice [ i kankan /i ] that drag /b along the ground and are used for closing up openings, b when they are tied and suspended /b in place b one /b may b close /b an opening b with them on Shabbat; and needless to say /b this is permitted b on a Festival. /b According to the i baraita /i , the critical factor is apparently that they must be tied and suspended, not that they have to be held up above the ground., b Abaye said: /b The i baraita /i is referring b to /b ones b that have a hinge. /b As they are considered proper doors, closing them does not appear like building. b Rava said: /b The i baraita /i is referring even b to /b doors b that /b once b had a hinge, /b even though they no longer have one. These partitions also bear the clear form of a door, and therefore one’s action does not have the appearance of building.,The Gemara b raises an objection /b from another i baraita /i : With regard to b a door, or a mat, or a lattice that drag /b along the ground, b when they are tied and suspended /b in place b and /b they are held b above the ground even by /b as little as b a hairbreadth, one /b may b close /b an opening b with them. However, if /b they are b not /b raised in this manner, b one /b may b not close /b an opening b with them. /b Clearly, these doors must indeed be raised above the ground as well.,The Gemara answers: b Abaye reconciles /b the objection b in accordance with his reasoning, and Rava reconciles /b the objection b in accordance with his reasoning. /b The Gemara elaborates: b Abaye reconciles /b the objection b in accordance with his reasoning /b by adding to the i baraita /i : They must b either have a hinge or /b be held b above the ground. Rava /b likewise b reconciles /b the objection b in accordance with his reasoning, /b as he reads: They must b have had a hinge or /b else be held b above the ground. /b , b The Sages taught /b a i baraita /i : With regard to b branches of thorn bushes or bundles /b of wood b that were arranged /b so that they sealed off b a breach in a courtyard, when they are tied and suspended /b in place, b one /b may b close /b an opening b with them on Shabbat; and needless to say, /b this is permitted b on a Festival. /b , b Rabbi Ḥiyya taught /b a i baraita /i : With regard to b a widowed door that drags /b along the ground, b one /b may b not close /b an opening b with it. /b The Gemara asks: b What are the circumstances /b of b a widowed door? Some say /b it refers to a door built b from a single plank, /b which does not look like a door, b and others say /b it is b a door that does not have a lower doorsill /b ( i ge’onim /i ) and that touches the ground when closed.,With regard to activities that are prohibited because of their similarity to building, the Gemara cites a teaching that b Rav Yehuda said: /b When arranging a pile of wood for b a fire /b on a Festival, if the logs are arranged b from the top down, /b i.e., the upper logs are temporarily suspended in the air while the lower logs are inserted below them, b it is permitted. /b However, if the wood is placed from b the bottom up, it is prohibited, /b as the arrangement of wood in the regular manner is a form of building., b And the same /b applies to b eggs /b that are to be arranged in a pile, b and the same /b applies to b a cauldron /b that is to be set down on a fire by means of supports, b and the same /b applies to a b bed /b that will be placed on its frame, b and the same /b applies to b barrels /b arranged in a cellar. In all these cases, the part that goes on top must be temporarily suspended in the air while the lower section is inserted beneath it.,With regard to bundles of thorns used to seal a breach, the Gemara cites a related incident: b A certain heretic /b once b said to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya: Man of thorns! For it says about you: “The best of them is as a brier” /b (Micah 7:4), which indicates that even Israel’s best are merely thorns. b He said to him: Fool, go down to the end of the verse: “The most upright is worse than a thorn hedge,” /b a derogatory expression meant as praise. b Rather, what is /b the meaning of b the best of them is as a brier? /b It means that b just as these thorns protect a breach, so the best among us protect us. Alternatively: The best of them is as a brier [ i ḥedek /i ] /b means b that they grind [ i mehaddekin /i ] the nations of the world into Gehenna, as it is stated: “Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn iron, and I will make your hoofs brass, and you shall beat in pieces [ i vahadikot /i ] many peoples; /b and you shall devote their gain to God, and their substance to the God of the whole earth” (Micah 4:13)., strong MISHNA: /strong b A person /b may b not stand in the private domain and open /b a door located b in the public domain /b with a key, lest he inadvertently transfer the key from one domain to the other. Likewise, one may not stand b in the public domain and open /b a door b in the private domain /b with a key, b unless /b in the latter case b he erected a partition ten handbreadths high /b around the door and stands inside it. This is b the statement of Rabbi Meir. /b ,The Rabbis b said to him: /b There was b an incident at the poultry dealers’ market in Jerusalem, /b where they would fatten fowl for slaughter (Rabbeinu Ḥael), b and they would lock /b the doors to their shops b and place the key in the window that was over the door, /b which was more than ten handbreadths off the ground, and nobody was concerned about the possible violation of any prohibition. b Rabbi Yosei says: /b That place b was a market of wool dealers. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara asks: b And /b those b Rabbis, /b who cited the case of the poultry dealers of Jerusalem to rebut Rabbi Meir’s opinion, b Rabbi Meir spoke /b to them about unlocking a door in a private domain while standing b in the public domain, and they responded /b with an incident involving b a i karmelit /i . As Rabba bar bar Ḥana said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: /b With regard to b Jerusalem, were it not /b for the fact that b its doors are locked at night, one would be liable for /b carrying in b it /b on Shabbat, b because /b its thoroughfares have the status of b the public domain. /b However, since Jerusalem’s doors are typically locked, it is considered one large i karmelit /i , which is subject to rabbinic prohibitions. How, then, could a proof be cited from the markets of Jerusalem with regard to the transfer of objects between a public domain and a private domain, which is prohibited by Torah law?, b Rav Pappa said: Here, /b in the statement of Rabbi Yoha, Jerusalem was considered a i karmelit /i during the period b before breaches were made in its /b walls. Its doors did not turn it into a public domain, as they were locked. Whereas b there, /b the Rabbis in the mishna are referring to the time b after breaches had been made in /b the walls, and it therefore acquired the status of a public domain., b Rava said: In the latter clause /b of the mishna b we came to /b a different issue, i.e., the final section of the mishna is not designed to counter Rabbi Meir’s statement with regard to the public domain. Rather, it refers b to /b the b gates of a garden /b with an area greater than two i beit se’a /i in size, whose legal status is that of a i karmelit /i . Consequently, the mishna b is saying as follows: And likewise, /b one may b not stand in the private domain and open /b a door b in a i karmelit /i ; /b neither may one stand b in a i karmelit /i and open /b a door b in the private domain, /b |
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31. Babylonian Talmud, Megillah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163| 5b. ורחץ בקרונה של צפורי בשבעה עשר בתמוז ובקש לעקור תשעה באב ולא הודו לו,אמר לפניו רבי אבא בר זבדא רבי לא כך היה מעשה אלא תשעה באב שחל להיות בשבת הוה ודחינוהו לאחר השבת ואמר רבי הואיל ונדחה ידחה ולא הודו חכמים קרי עליה (קהלת ד, ט) טובים השנים מן האחד,ורבי היכי נטע נטיעה בפורים והתני רב יוסף שמחה ומשתה וי"ט שמחה מלמד שאסורים בהספד משתה מלמד שאסור בתענית ויום טוב מלמד שאסור בעשיית מלאכה אלא רבי בר ארביסר הוה וכי נטע בחמיסר נטע,איני והא רבי בטבריא הוה וטבריא מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון הואי אלא רבי בר חמיסר הוה וכי נטע בארביסר הוה,ומי פשיטא ליה דטבריא מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון והא חזקיה קרי בטבריא בארביסר ובחמיסר מספקא ליה אי מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון היא אי לא לחזקיה מספקא ליה לרבי פשיטא ליה,וכי פשיטא ליה מי שרי והכתיב במגילת תענית את יום ארבעה עשר ואת יום חמשה עשר יומי פוריא אינון דלא למספד בהון,ואמר רבא לא נצרכא אלא לאסור את של זה בזה ואת של זה בזה הני מילי בהספד ובתענית אבל מלאכה יום אחד ותו לא,איני והא רב חזייה לההוא גברא דהוה קא שדי כיתנא בפוריא ולטייה ולא צמח כיתניה התם בר יומא הוה,רבה בריה דרבא אמר אפי' תימא ביומיה הספד ותענית קבילו עלייהו מלאכה לא קבילו עלייהו,דמעיקרא כתיב (אסתר ט, יט) שמחה ומשתה ויום טוב ולבסוף כתיב (שם, כב) לעשות אותם ימי משתה ושמחה ואילו יום טוב לא כתיב,ואלא רב מ"ט לטייה לההוא גברא דברים המותרין ואחרים נהגו בהן איסור הוה ובאתריה דרבי לא נהוג,ואיבעית אימא לעולם נהוג ורבי נטיעה של שמחה נטע כדתנן עברו אלו ולא נענו ממעטין במשא ומתן בבנין ובנטיעה באירוסין ובנישואין,ותנא עלה בנין בנין של שמחה נטיעה נטיעה של שמחה איזהו בנין של שמחה זה הבונה בית חתנות לבנו איזו היא נטיעה של שמחה זה הנוטע אבורנקי של מלכים,גופא חזקיה קרי בטבריא בארביסר ובחמיסר מספקא ליה אי מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון היא אי לא ומי מספקא ליה מלתא דטבריא והכתיב (יהושע יט, לה) וערי מבצר הצדים צר וחמת רקת וכנרת וקיימא לן רקת זו טבריא היינו טעמא דמספקא ליה משום דחד גיסא שורא דימא הות,אי הכי אמאי מספקא ליה ודאי לאו חומה היא דתניא (ויקרא כה, ל) אשר לו חומה ולא שור איגר סביב פרט לטבריא שימה חומתה,לענין בתי ערי חומה לא מספקא ליה כי קא מספקא ליה לענין מקרא מגילה מאי פרזים ומאי מוקפין דכתיבי גבי מקרא מגילה משום דהני מיגלו והני לא מיגלו והא נמי מיגליא או דלמא משום דהני מיגנו והני לא מיגנו והא נמי מיגניא משום הכי מספקא ליה,רב אסי קרי מגילה בהוצל בארביסר ובחמיסר מספקא ליה אי מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון היא אי לא איכא דאמר אמר רב אסי האי הוצל דבית בנימין מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע היא,אמר רבי יוחנן כי הוינא טליא אמינא מלתא דשאילנא לסבייא | 5b. b And he bathed /b at the time when the b wagons [ i kerona /i ] /b were traveling through b Tzippori, /b i.e., on the market day, when the public would know about it, b on the seventeenth of Tammuz, /b to show that bathing is permitted on that day. b And he sought to abolish /b the fast of b the Ninth of Av. And /b with respect to the Ninth of Av, the Sages b did not agree with him. /b , b Rabbi Abba bar Zavda said to /b Rabbi Elazar: b My teacher, the incident did not /b occur in b this /b fashion. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi never sought to abolish the fast of the Ninth of Av. b Rather, it was /b a year when b the Ninth of Av occurred on Shabbat, and they postponed it until after Shabbat. And Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b said /b about that case: b Since it has /b already b been deferred /b from its usual time, b let it be /b altogether b deferred /b this year. b And the Rabbis did not agree with him. /b Rabbi Elazar b read /b the verse b about /b Rabbi Abba bar Zavda: b “Two are better than one” /b (Ecclesiastes 4:9), meaning, it is good that you were here to provide an accurate report about that incident.,The Gemara asks: b And how /b could b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b plant a sapling on Purim? Didn’t Rav Yosef teach /b with regard to the verse: “Therefore the Jews of the villages, who dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month of Adar a day of b gladness and feasting, and a good day [ i yom tov /i ]” /b (Esther 9:19), that the term b “gladness” teaches that /b it is b prohibited /b to b eulogize /b on Purim; b “feasting” teaches that /b it is b prohibited /b to b fast; and /b the term b “good day” [ i yom tov /i ] teaches that /b it is b prohibited /b to b perform labor, /b just as on a Festival, which is also referred to as a i yom tov /i ? b Rather, /b what happened was as follows: b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi was in a place that observed Purim b on the fourteenth, and when he planted /b the sapling, b he planted /b it b on the fifteenth. /b ,The Gemara asks: b Is that so? Wasn’t Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b in Tiberias, and Tiberias was surrounded by a wall since the days of Joshua, son of Nun. /b Consequently, he was obligated to observe Purim on the fifteenth. b Rather, /b say just the opposite: b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi lived in a place that observed Purim b on the fifteenth, and when he planted /b the sapling, b he planted /b it b on the fourteenth. /b ,The Gemara asks: b Wasn’t it obvious to /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi b that /b the city of b Tiberias was surrounded by a wall since the days of Joshua, son of Nun? Didn’t Hezekiah read /b the Megilla b in Tiberias /b both b on the fourteenth and on the fifteenth /b of Adar, because b he was uncertain if /b it had been b surrounded by a wall since the days of Joshua, son of Nun, or not? /b The Gemara answers: b Hezekiah was /b indeed b uncertain /b about the matter, whereas b it was obvious to Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi that Tiberias had been surrounded by a wall in the time of Joshua.,The Gemara asks further: b And when it was obvious to /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi that the Megilla should be read in Tiberias on the fifteenth, b was it permitted /b to plant there on the fourteenth? b Isn’t it written in i Megillat Ta’anit /i /b that b the fourteenth day and the fifteenth day of Adar are the days of Purim, /b and b one is not /b permitted b to eulogize on them? /b , b And Rava said: /b This statement b is necessary only to prohibit /b those who observe Purim b on this /b day to eulogize b on that /b day, b and /b those who observe Purim b on that /b day to eulogize b on this /b day. Since the two days are mentioned in the Bible, it was only necessary to mention them in i Megillat Ta’anit /i in order to indicate that the prohibition against eulogizing applies to both days. Presumably, the same should apply to the prohibition against performing labor. Consequently, how could Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi plant a sapling on the fourteenth of Adar? The Gemara answers: b That applies /b only to b eulogies and fasting. However, labor /b is prohibited for only b one day, /b either the fourteenth or the fifteenth, b and no more. /b ,The Gemara asks: b Is that so? Didn’t Rav see a certain man planting flax on Purim, and cursed him, and /b the man’s b flax never grew. /b The Gemara answers: b There, /b the man b was /b obligated to observe Purim b on that day /b that he planted the flax. Therefore, it was certainly prohibited to perform labor., b Rabba, son of Rava, said /b a different answer to the question: b Even /b if b you say /b that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi planted the sapling b on his /b own b day /b of Purim, i.e., on the day that the Megilla was read in his location, it was still permitted to plant the sapling. This is because the Jewish people b accepted upon themselves /b the prohibitions against b eulogizing and fasting /b on Purim, but b they did not accept upon themselves the prohibition /b against performing b labor. /b ,This can be proven from the fact b that initially, /b when Mordecai and Esther proposed the celebration of Purim, b it is written: /b “A day of b gladness and feasting and a good day [ i yom tov /i ]” /b (Esther 9:19), b and at the end, /b when the celebration of Purim was accepted by the Jewish people, b it is written: /b “That they should b make them days of feasting and gladness” /b (Esther 9:22), b whereas /b the term b good day [ i yom tov /i ], /b which alludes to a day when it is prohibited to perform labor, b is not written. /b The people never accepted upon themselves the prohibition against performing labor on Purim as if it were a Festival, and therefore the prohibition never took effect.,The Gemara asks: If labor is permitted on Purim, b what is the reason that Rav cursed that man /b who planted the flax? The Gemara answers: b It was /b a case of b matters that are permitted /b by i halakha /i , b but others were accustomed to /b treat b them as a prohibition, /b in which case one may not permit these actions in their presence, lest they come to treat other prohibitions lightly. In the place where that man planted his flax, it was customary to abstain from labor on Purim. However, b in Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi’s b place, it was not the custom /b to abstain from labor on Purim, and therefore it was permitted for him to plant the sapling even in public., b And if you wish, say /b an alternative answer: b Actually, it was the custom /b to abstain from labor on Purim in Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi’s place, b and Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi engaged in a b joyful /b act of b planting, /b for pleasure rather than for ficial benefit. b As we learned /b in a mishna with regard to public fasts: If b these /b fasts for rain b have passed and /b the community’s prayers b have /b still b not been answered, /b and the drought continues, b one decreases his business /b activities, as well as b construction, planting, betrothals, and marriages. /b , b And it was taught /b in a i baraita /i b about this /b mishna: When the Sages said that b construction /b must be decreased on public fasts, they were not referring to the construction of homes for people who have nowhere to live, but to b joyful construction. /b Similarly, when they said that b planting /b must be decreased, they were not referring to planting food crops, but to b joyful planting. What is /b meant by b joyful construction? This /b is referring to b one who builds a wedding chamber for his son. /b It was customary to build a special house where the wedding would take place, and at times the couple would also live there. b What is /b meant by b joyful planting? This /b is referring to b one who plants /b trees for shade and pleasure such as one might find in b a royal garden /b [ b i avurneki /i /b ]. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi engaged in joyful planting on Purim, in keeping with the joyous nature of the day.,§ The Gemara examines b the /b matter b itself /b cited in the previous discussion. b Hezekiah read /b the Megilla b in Tiberias /b both b on the fourteenth and on the fifteenth /b of Adar, because b he was uncertain if it /b had been b surrounded by a wall since the days of Joshua, son of Nun, or not. /b The Gemara asks: b Was he /b really b uncertain about the matter of Tiberias? Isn’t it written: “And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth” /b (Joshua 19:35) b , and we maintain /b that b Rakkath is Tiberias? /b The Gemara answers: b This is the reason that he was uncertain: /b Although Tiberias was surrounded by a wall in the time of Joshua, Hezekiah was uncertain about the i halakha /i b due to /b the fact b that /b on b one side, there was a wall of the sea, /b i.e., there was no physical wall, but the city was protected due to the fact that it adjoined the sea.,The Gemara asks: b If so, why was he uncertain? /b The sea is b certainly not a wall. As it is taught /b in a i baraita /i with regard to the sale of houses in walled cities, the phrase: b “Which has a wall” /b (Leviticus 25:30), indicates that the city has a bona fide wall b and not /b merely b a wall of roofs. /b If a city is completely encircled by attached houses but there is no separate wall, it is not considered a walled city. The next verse, which is referring to cities that have no wall b “round about /b them” (Leviticus 25:31), b excludes Tiberias /b from being considered a walled city, b as the sea is its wall /b on one side and it is not fully encircled by a physical wall. Consequently, Tiberias is not considered a walled city.,The Gemara answers: b With regard to /b the sale of b houses of walled cities, /b Hezekiah b was not uncertain. Where he was uncertain was with regard to the reading of the Megilla: What are the unwalled towns and what are the walled cities that are written with regard to the reading of the Megilla? /b Is the difference between them b due to /b the fact b that these /b unwalled towns b are exposed, whereas those /b walled cities b are not exposed? /b If so, since Tiberias b is also exposed, /b as it is not entirely surrounded by a wall, it should be considered unwalled. b Or perhaps /b the difference is b due to /b the fact b that these /b walled cities b are protected, whereas those /b unwalled towns b are not protected, and /b Tiberias b is also protected /b by the sea and should be treated as a walled city. It was b due to that /b reason that Hezekiah b was uncertain /b when to read the Megilla.,The Gemara relates that b Rav Asi read the Megilla in /b the city of b Huzal /b in Babylonia on both b the fourteenth and the fifteenth /b of Adar, because b he was uncertain if /b it had been b surrounded /b by a wall b since the days of Joshua, son of Nun, or not. /b Huzal was an ancient city, and it was possible that it had been surrounded by a wall in the time of Joshua. b Some say /b a different version of this report, according to which there was no uncertainty. b Rav Asi said: This /b city of b Huzal of the house of Benjamin was walled since the days of Joshua, son of Nun. /b ,Incidental to the previous discussion concerning Tiberias, the Gemara relates that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: When I was a child I said something that I /b later b asked the Elders /b about, |
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32. Babylonian Talmud, Menachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 3, 4, 12, 23, 25, 187, 190 | 87a. b the flour- /b like white scum that floats on the surface, b nor from /b the wine at b bottom of /b the cask b due to the sediment /b that collects there. b Rather, one brings from /b the wine in b its middle third. /b , b How does /b the Temple treasurer b inspect /b the wine to determine that it is from the middle of the cask? b The treasurer sits /b alongside the cask b and /b has b the /b measuring b reed in his hand. /b The spigot is opened and the wine begins to flow. When he sees that the wine emerging b draws /b with it b chalk /b -like scum b [ i hagir /i ], he /b immediately b knocks with the reed /b to indicate that the spigot should be closed., b Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says: /b Wine b in which there is flour- /b like white scum is b unfit /b for libations, b as it is stated /b with regard to animal offerings: b “Unblemished they shall be for you…and their meal offering /b shall be fine flour mixed with b oil…unblemished they shall be for you, and their libations” /b (Numbers 28:19–20, 31). This indicates that animal offerings, meal offerings, and libations must all be brought from flawless products. Therefore, the presence of flour-like white scum in wine renders it unfit., strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna teaches: b One may not bring /b libations from b sweet /b wine, b nor /b from b boiled /b wine, b nor /b from wine produced from b smoked /b grapes, b and if one did bring /b a libation from such wine, it is b not valid. /b The Gemara asks: b But doesn’t the first clause teach: One may not bring libations from sweet wine made from sun-dried grapes, but if one did bring /b a libation from such wine it is b valid? /b How can one clause teach that a libation of one type of sweet wine is valid, and the other clause teach that a libation of another type of sweet wine is not valid?, b Ravina said: /b The text of the mishna is corrupt. To correct it, b combine /b the two clauses into one b and teach /b with regard to all the wines mentioned that they are unfit to be used for libations. b Rav Ashi said: /b The text of the mishna is correct. The reason for the difference between the two wines is that b the sweetness /b of grapes sweetended b by the sun is not objectionable, /b so libations of wine made from such grapes are valid, while b sweetness /b that results from the sugars b of the fruit /b itself b is objectionable, /b so libations of wine made from such grapes are not valid.,§ The mishna teaches: b One may not bring /b wine b aged /b for one year; this is b the statement of Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, b but the Rabbis deem it valid. /b The Gemara provides the source for Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi’s ruling. b Rabbi Ḥizkiyya said: What is the reasoning of Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi? b The verse states /b with regard to the libations that accompany the New Moon offering: “And their libations: Half a i hin /i for a bull, a third of a i hin /i for a ram, and a quarter of a i hin /i b for a lamb, of wine” /b (Numbers 28:14). The juxtaposition of the terms lamb and wine teaches that b just as a lamb /b is fit to be used as an offering only if brought b in its /b first b year, so too wine /b is fit to be used as a libation only if it is b in its /b first b year. /b ,The Gemara ask: b If /b so, take the analogy further and conclude that b just as /b if one offers b a lamb in /b its b second year, /b it is b not valid, so too /b a libation of b wine in /b its b second year /b is b not valid. And if you would say /b that this is b indeed /b the i halakha /i , that is difficult: b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i that b wine in /b its b second year may not be brought /b i ab initio /i , but b if one did bring it /b as a libation, it is b valid? /b That i baraita /i certainly expresses the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, as b whom did you hear who said /b that aged wine b may not be brought? /b Only b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, who explicitly states this opinion in the mishna. b And yet he says /b in the i baraita /i : b If one did bring /b a libation of aged wine, it is b valid. /b According to Rabbi Ḥizkiyya’s explanation of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi’s opinion, such an opinion is illogical., b Rather, Rava said: This is the reasoning of Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi: b As it is written /b in the verse exhorting a person not to be enticed by fine wines: b “Look not upon the wine when it is red” /b (Proverbs 23:31). Evidently, the redness of wine is indicative of its quality. After a year, wine begins to lose its redness and so it should not be used, i ab initio /i . Nevertheless, it is still of a sufficient quality to be acceptable, after the fact.,§ The mishna teaches: b One may not bring /b wine produced from b grapes suspended /b on stakes or trees; rather, one brings wine produced from grapes at foot height and from vineyards that are cultivated. The definition of vineyards that are cultivated is clarified in a i baraita /i that b taught: Vineyards that are cultivated twice a year. /b This is done by hoeing the earth underneath the vines.,The Gemara relates the efficacy of cultivating the land twice a year: b Rav Yosef had a tract /b of land b that was /b used b an orchard [ i depardeisa /i ] /b to b which he /b used to b give an extra hoeing, and /b consequently b it produced wine /b of such superior quality that when preparing the wine for drinking it required b a dilution using twice /b the amount b of water /b than that which is usually used to dilute wine.,§ The mishna teaches: When people produced wine for libations b they would not collect /b the wine b into large barrels, /b as it causes the wine to spoil; rather, it would be placed in small casks. The Sages b taught /b in a i baraita /i : The b casks /b referred to by the mishna are b flasks /b that are made in b Lod and /b that b are medium-sized. /b ,The Gemara adds another i halakha /i : When storing casks containing wine for libations, b they should not be placed in twos, /b i.e., one atop the other, but b rather singly, /b i.e., each one should be placed separately.,§ The mishna teaches: b How does /b the Temple treasurer b inspect /b wine to determine that it is from the middle of the cask? The b treasurer sits /b alongside the cask b and /b has b the /b measuring b reed in his hand. /b The spigot is opened and the wine begins to flow. If he sees that the wine emerging b draws /b with it b chalk /b -like scum, b he /b immediately b knocks with the reed /b to indicate that the spigot should be closed. The precise point at which he knocks is clarified in a i baraita /i that b taught: /b If the wine b draws /b with it b chalk /b -like scum, which comes b from the sediment, he knocks with the reed. /b ,The Gemara challenges: Why does the treasurer knock with the reed; b let him /b simply b speak. /b The Gemara explains: This b supports /b the opinion b of Rabbi Yoḥa, as Rabbi Yoḥa said: Just as speech is beneficial to the /b incense b spices, so is speech detrimental to wine, /b and so the treasurer avoids speaking.,§ The mishna teaches: b Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says: /b Wine in which there is flour-like white scum is unfit for libations. b Rabbi Yoḥa raises a dilemma /b concerning such wine: If b one consecrated it /b to be used as a libation, b what is /b the i halakha /i with regard to whether b he should be flogged for /b consecrating b it due to /b the prohibition against consecrating b a flawed /b item as an offering? Does one say that b since it /b is b unfit, it is comparable to a blemished /b animal? b Or perhaps, /b the prohibition to consecrate b a flawed /b item b applies only to an animal. /b The Gemara concludes: The dilemma b shall stand /b unresolved.,§ Having discussed which flours, oils, and wine are fit to be offered in the Temple, the Gemara considers which animals are of sufficient quality to be used as offerings. b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : The choicest b rams /b are those b from Moab; /b the choicest b lambs /b are those b from Hebron; /b the choicest b calves /b are those b from Sharon; /b and the choicest b fledglings, /b i.e., doves and pigeons, are those b from the King’s Mountain. /b , b Rabbi Yehuda says: One should bring lambs whose height is like their width, /b i.e., they are so robust that they are as wide as they are tall. b Rava bar Rav Sheila said: What is the reason of Rabbi Yehuda? As it is written: /b “And He will give the rain for your seed, with which you sow the ground, and bread of the produce of the ground, and it shall be fat and bountiful; b your cattle shall graze in wide pastures [ i kar nirḥav /i ] on that day” /b (Isaiah 30:23). The word “ i kar /i ” can also mean a lamb, and “ i nirḥav /i ” means wide. Accordingly, Rabbi Yehuda interprets this verse, on a homiletical level, to be alluding to robust sheep.,The chapter concludes by quoting an additional prophecy of Isaiah concerning the rebuilding of Eretz Yisrael: It b is written: “I have set watchmen upon your walls, Jerusalem; they shall never be silent day nor night; those who remind the Lord, take no rest” /b (Isaiah 62:6). This is referring to the angels appointed by God to bring the redemption. The Gemara asks: b What /b do these watchmen b say /b to remind the Lord? b This /b is what b Rava bar Rav Sheila said: /b They recite the verse: b “You will arise and have compassion upon Zion; /b for it is time to be gracious to her, for the appointed time has come” (Psalms 102:14)., b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak says: /b They recite the verse: b “The Lord builds up Jerusalem, /b He gathers together the dispersed of Israel” (Psalms 147:2). The Gemara asks: b And initially, /b when the Temple still stood and the Jewish people were gathered together in Eretz Yisrael, b what would /b the watchmen b say? Rava bar Rav Sheila says: /b They would say: b “For the Lord has chosen Zion; He has desired it for His habitation. /b This is My resting place forever; here will I dwell for I have desired it” (Psalms 132:13–14).,, strong MISHNA: /strong b Two /b sizes of b measuring vessels for dry /b substances b were /b used b in the Temple /b for measuring flour for the meal offerings. One held b a tenth /b of an ephah b and /b the other held b one-half of a tenth /b of an ephah. b Rabbi Meir says: /b There were three measuring vessels; one that held b a tenth /b of an ephah, another one that also held b a tenth /b of an ephah, b and /b a third one that held b one /b - b half of a tenth /b of an ephah., b What /b purpose b did /b the b tenth /b of an ephah measuring vessel b serve? /b It was the vessel b with which one would measure /b flour b for all the meal offerings. One would not measure /b the flour by using a measuring vessel of a size that held the entire volume of flour required at once, i.e., b neither with /b a vessel of b three- /b tenths of an ephah b for /b the meal offering accompanying the sacrifice of b a bull, nor with /b a vessel of b two /b -tenths of an ephah b for /b the meal offering accompanying the sacrifice of b a ram. Rather, one measures /b the flour for b them /b by repeatedly using the tenth of an ephah measuring vessel to measure the required number of b tenths. /b , b What /b purpose b did /b the b one /b - b half of a tenth /b of an ephah measuring vessel b serve? /b It was the vessel b with which one would measure /b the flour for the b High Priest’s griddle-cake /b offering. A tenth of an ephah was required each day; he sacrificed b half /b of it b in the morning and /b the other b half /b of it b in the afternoon. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara cites a i baraita /i that clarifies Rabbi Meir’s opinion. It b is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Meir would say: What /b is the meaning when b the verse states: “A tenth, a tenth, for every lamb” /b (Numbers 28:29)? The fact the word “tenth” appears twice b teaches that there were two /b measuring vessels that each held b a tenth /b of an ephah b in the Temple. One /b of them held that volume when it was b heaped, and /b the other b one /b was slightly larger and held that same volume when the flour was b leveled /b with the rim.,The one that held a tenth of an ephah when b heaped /b was the vessel b with which one would measure /b the flour b for all the meal offerings. /b |
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33. Babylonian Talmud, Niddah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163| 69b. ותמני לזיבה אתאי קמן בלילותא יהבינן לה תמני לנדה ושב לזיבה,זיבה תמני בעיא אלא אידי ואידי שב לנדה ותמני לזיבה,בלילותא תמני לנדה בעי,זיבה דפסיקא ליה דלא שנא כי אתיא קמן ביממא לא שנא כי אתיא קמן בליליא חשיב לה נדה דלא פסיקא ליה דכי אתיא קמן בלילותא בעי תמני ביממא לא קבעי תמני לא קחשיב לה,ואי ס"ד ספורין לפנינו בעינן כל הני טבילות למה לי תספור ז' והדר תטבול אלא לאו שמע מינה רבנן היא דאמרי לא בעינן ספורין לפנינו,אמר ליה רב אחא בריה דרב יוסף לרב אשי לאו תרוצי קמתרצינן לה תריץ ואימא הכי ספרתי ואיני יודעת כמה ספרתי אם בימי נדה ספרתי ואם בימי זיבה ספרתי מטבילין אותה ט"ו טבילות,ספרתי ואיני יודעת כמה ספרתי חד יומא מיהא אי אפשר דלא ספרה חסרה לה טבילה,אלא אימא איני יודעת אם ספרתי אם לא ספרתי, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big הזב והזבה והנדה והיולדת והמצורע שמתו מטמאין במשא עד שימוק הבשר עובד כוכבים שמת טהור מלטמא,בית שמאי אומרים כל הנשים מתות נדות וב"ה אומרים אין נדה אלא שמתה נדה, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big מאי במשא אילימא במשא ממש אטו כל מת מי לא מטמא במשא,אלא מאי במשא באבן מסמא,דכתיב (דניאל ו, יח) והיתית אבן חדא ושומת על פום גובא,מאי טעמא אמר רב גזרה שמא יתעלפה,תנא משום ר' אליעזר אמרו עד שיבקע כריסו,עובד כוכבים שמת [כו'] תניא אמר רבי מפני מה אמרו עובד כוכבים שמת טהור מלטמא במשא לפי שאין טומאתו מחיים מדברי תורה אלא מדברי סופרים,ת"ר שנים עשר דברים שאלו אנשי אלכסנדריא את רבי יהושע בן חיננא ג' דברי חכמה ג' דברי הגדה ג' דברי בורות ג' דברי דרך ארץ,ג' דברי חכמה הזב והזבה והנדה והיולדת והמצורע שמתו עד מתי מטמאין במשא אמר להן עד שימוק הבשר,בת משולחת מה היא לכהן,מי אמרינן קל וחומר ומה אלמנה לכ"ג שאין איסורה שוה בכל בנה פגום זו שאיסורה שוה בכל אינו דין שבנה פגום או דילמא מה לאלמנה לכהן גדול שהיא עצמה מתחללת,אמר להן | 69b. b And /b she requires b eight /b immersions during the day to purify her b from /b her b i ziva /i , /b as it is possible that she experienced bleeding for three consecutive days, rendering her a greater i zava /i , and one of those was on this day that she came before the court, and it is also possible that the day she arrived she did not experience bleeding, and she was a i zava /i during her last clean day and had to immerse that day. If b she comes before us at night, we give her eight /b immersions to purify herself b from her menstruation, /b including one on the night that she comes before the court, b and seven /b immersions during the day to purify herself b from /b her b i ziva /i . /b ,The Gemara raises a difficulty: With regard to her b i ziva /i , /b she still b requires eight /b immersions. Since it is possible that she experienced bleeding for the third day on the day before coming to the court, she might be a greater i zava /i , who starts her clean days only the day after she arrived. In addition, any of the first seven days may be the last clean day, on which she has to immerse herself. The Gemara answers: b Rather, /b in both b this /b case b and that /b case she requires b seven /b immersions to purify herself b from /b the impurity of b menstruation, and eight /b immersions to purify herself b from /b the impurity of b i ziva /i . /b ,The Gemara raises a further difficulty: If the woman comes b at night /b to the court, she b requires eight /b immersions to purify herself b from /b her impurity of b menstruation. /b Why does the i baraita /i require her to immerse a total of only fifteen times when there are cases where she must immerse sixteen times?,The Gemara answers: With regard to purifying herself from the impurity of b i ziva /i , which /b can be taught in b a distinct /b manner, b as there is no difference whether she comes before us during the day /b and b there is no difference whether she comes before us at night, /b the i baraita /i b counts /b the fixed amount of eight immersions. By contrast, with regard to purifying herself from b menstruation, which /b the i tanna /i b cannot /b teach in b a distinct /b manner, b as when she comes before us at night she requires eight /b immersions but if she comes before us b during the day /b she does b not require eight /b immersions, the i tanna /i b did not count /b both options, but mentioned only seven immersions, which is the minimum number required.,The Gemara returns to the initial purpose of this discussion, which was to indicate that the Rabbis do not require all seven days of counting before the court. b And if it enters your mind /b that b we require /b seven days of b counting before us, why do I /b need b all of these immersions? She /b should b count seven /b clean days b and /b only b afterward immerse. Rather, /b must one b not conclude from this /b that the i baraita /i b is /b in accordance with the opinion of b the Rabbis, /b who disagree with Rabbi Akiva and b who say /b that b we do not require /b seven days of b counting before us? /b , b Rav Aḥa, son of Rav Yosef, said to Rav Ashi, /b in rejection of this proof: But b didn’t you resolve /b a difficulty in the i baraita /i ? Since you admit that the i baraita /i in any event requires revision, b resolve /b this difficulty too, b and say this: /b If a woman comes and says: b I counted /b clean days b but I do not know how many /b days b I counted, /b and I do not know b whether I counted during the days of menstruation or whether I counted during the days of i ziva /i , /b the court instructs b her to immerse fifteen immersions. /b If so, there is no proof that the Rabbis hold that the counting does not need to be before the court.,The Gemara raises a difficulty with regard to this interpretation of the i baraita /i : If it is referring to a case where the woman said: b I counted /b clean days b but I do not know how many /b days b I counted, it is impossible that she did not count at least one /b clean b day. /b If so, she should not be required to immerse on the eighth day, in which case b she is lacking /b one b immersion, /b as the i baraita /i rules that she must immerse fifteen times.,The Gemara answers: b Rather, say /b that she claims: b I do not know if I counted /b any clean days b or I did not count /b any clean days. Likewise, she does not know whether she saw the blood during her days of menstruation or during her days of i ziva /i . Therefore, she must immerse fifteen times, as it is possible that she has not yet counted at all., strong MISHNA: /strong The corpses of b a i zav /i , and a i zava /i , and a menstruating woman, and a woman after childbirth, and a leper, who died, transmit ritual impurity by carrying /b their corpses, b until the flesh decays. /b With regard to the corpse of b a gentile who died, /b although when alive he transmits impurity like a i zav /i , once he dies he is b ritually pure /b and is prevented b from transmitting impurity. /b , b Beit Shammai say: /b The status of b all women /b when they b die /b is as though they were b menstruating women /b at the time of death. Therefore, the garments that they were wearing before they died are impure and require immersion. b And Beit Hillel say: Only /b a woman b who died /b with the impurity of b a menstruating woman /b has the status of b a menstruating woman /b after death., strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna teaches that the corpse of one of these impure people transmits ritual impurity by carrying. The Gemara asks: b What /b does the mishna mean by the term: b By carrying? If we say /b that it b literally /b means b by carrying, /b that is difficult: b Is that to say /b that b every /b other b corpse does not impart ritual impurity by carrying? /b Since every corpse imparts impurity through carrying, why does the mishna need to specify this i halakha /i in these specific cases?, b Rather, what /b does the mishna mean when it states: b By carrying [ i bemassa /i ]? /b It means imparting impurity b through a very heavy stone [ i even mesama /i ]. /b There is a unique i halakha /i with regard to the ritual impurity of a i zav /i and a menstruating woman. If they sit on an item, even one that cannot become ritually impure, and beneath that item there is a vessel, although the weight of the i zav /i or the menstruating woman has no physical effect on the vessel, it becomes ritually impure.,The Gemara notes that the word i mesama /i is based on a verse, b as it is written: “And a stone was brought and placed [ i vesumat /i ] upon the mouth of the den; /b and the king sealed it with his own signet and with the signet of his lords, that nothing might be changed concerning Daniel” (Daniel 6:18). Accordingly, the mishna is teaching that although a corpse does not normally impart ritual impurity to vessels under a heavy stone, these specific types of corpses do transmit impurity in this manner.,The Gemara asks: b What is the reason /b that the Sages decreed that these specific types of corpses impart ritual impurity through a heavy stone? b Rav said: /b It is b a decree /b due to the possibility that b perhaps /b one of these people might b faint /b while sitting on the heavy stone, and it might be mistakenly thought they are dead and do not impart impurity to the vessels beneath.,A i tanna /i b taught /b in a i baraita /i that the Sages b said in the name of Rabbi Eliezer: /b All of these types of corpses listed in the mishna impart ritual impurity through a heavy stone b until the belly /b of the corpse b bursts. /b The Sages imposed their decree only in cases where the corpse resembles a person who has fainted. Once the corpse is clearly no longer alive, it no longer imparts ritual impurity through a heavy stone.,§ The mishna teaches: With regard to the corpse of b a gentile who died, /b although when alive he transmits impurity like a i zav /i , once he dies he is ritually pure and is prevented from transmitting impurity. b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b said: For what /b reason b did /b the Sages b say /b that the corpse of b a gentile who died is ritually pure /b and is prevented b from transmitting impurity by carrying? Because his impurity /b that he transmits even b when alive is not by Torah law, but by rabbinic law. /b The Sages decreed that every living gentile imparts ritual impurity in the manner of a i zav /i ; they did not extend their decree to include the corpse of a gentile in the manner of the corpse of a i zav /i .,§ b The Sages taught: The /b wise b people of Alexandria asked twelve matters of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥina. Three /b of them were b matters of wisdom, three /b were b matters of i aggada /i , three /b were b matters of ignorance, /b and b three /b were b matters of behavior. /b ,The Gemara lists the questions. b Three /b were b matters of wisdom: /b The first question was with regard to b a i zav /i and a i zava /i and a menstruating woman and a woman after childbirth and the leper, who died: Until when do they transmit ritual impurity by carrying? /b Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: Until the flesh decays. /b This is the i halakha /i taught in the mishna.,The second question referred to the b daughter /b of a wife who had been b sent away /b by her husband, i.e., divorced, who then married another, but after her divorce from her second husband or his death she returned and remarried her first husband, to whom she is forbidden (see Deuteronomy 24:1–4), and a daughter was born from this marriage. b What /b is b her, /b i.e., the daughter’s, status b with regard to /b marrying b a priest? /b , b Do we say an i a fortiori /i /b inference: b And if /b in the case of b a widow /b married b to a High Priest, whose prohibition does not apply to all, /b i.e., it is prohibited for her only to marry a High Priest (see Leviticus 21:13–15), and yet the lineage of b her son is flawed, /b as he is disqualified from the priesthood, then in the case of b this /b daughter of a remarried divorcée, b whose prohibition applies equally to all /b men, b is it not right that her son /b should be of b flawed /b lineage? b Or perhaps /b this comparison can be refuted: b What /b is notable b about a widow married to a High Priest? /b It is notable in b that she herself is disqualified /b from the priesthood, i.e., if a High Priest engages in intercourse with her she is disqualified from partaking of i teruma /i , whereas a remarried divorcée is not disqualified from partaking of i teruma /i .,Rabbi Yehoshua b said to them: /b |
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34. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 5.24.12 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 92 | 5.24.12. For the controversy is not only concerning the day, but also concerning the very manner of the fast. For some think that they should fast one day, others two, yet others more; some, moreover, count their day as consisting of forty hours day and night. |
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35. Babylonian Talmud, Taanit, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163| 7a. נימרינהו לתרוייהו אל ההודאות ורוב ההודאות,אמר ר' אבהו גדול יום הגשמים מתחיית המתים דאילו תחיית המתים לצדיקים ואילו גשמים בין לצדיקים בין לרשעים ופליגא דרב יוסף דאמר רב יוסף מתוך שהיא שקולה כתחיית המתים קבעוה בתחיית המתים,אמר רב יהודה גדול יום הגשמים כיום שניתנה בו תורה שנא' (דברים לב, ב) יערף כמטר לקחי ואין לקח אלא תורה שנא' (משלי ד, ב) כי לקח טוב נתתי לכם תורתי אל תעזובו רבא אמר יותר מיום שניתנה בו תורה שנאמר יערף כמטר לקחי מי נתלה במי הוי אומר קטן נתלה בגדול,רבא רמי כתיב יערף כמטר לקחי וכתיב תזל כטל אמרתי אם תלמיד חכם הגון הוא כטל ואם לאו עורפהו כמטר,תניא היה ר' בנאה אומר כל העוסק בתורה לשמה תורתו נעשית לו סם חיים שנאמר (משלי ג, יח) עץ חיים היא למחזיקים בה ואומר (משלי ג, ח) רפאות תהי לשרך ואומר (משלי ח, לה) כי מוצאי מצא חיים וכל העוסק בתורה שלא לשמה נעשית לו סם המות שנאמר יערף כמטר לקחי ואין עריפה אלא הריגה שנאמר (דברים כא, ד) וערפו שם את העגלה בנחל,א"ל ר' ירמיה לר' זירא ליתי מר ליתני א"ל חלש לבאי ולא יכילנא לימא מר מילתא דאגדתא א"ל הכי אמר ר' יוחנן מאי דכתיב (דברים כ, יט) כי האדם עץ השדה וכי אדם עץ שדה הוא,אלא משום דכתיב (דברים כ, יט) כי ממנו תאכל ואותו לא תכרת וכתיב אותו תשחית וכרת הא כיצד אם ת"ח הגון הוא ממנו תאכל ואותו לא תכרת ואם לאו אותו תשחית וכרת,אמר רבי חמא (אמר רבי) חנינא מאי דכתיב (משלי כז, יז) ברזל בברזל יחד לומר לך מה ברזל זה אחד מחדד את חבירו אף שני תלמידי חכמים מחדדין זה את זה בהלכה,אמר רבה בר בר חנה למה נמשלו דברי תורה כאש שנאמר (ירמיהו כג, כט) הלא כה דברי כאש נאם ה' לומר לך מה אש אינו דולק יחידי אף דברי תורה אין מתקיימין ביחידי,והיינו דאמר רבי יוסי בר חנינא מאי דכתיב (ירמיהו נ, לו) חרב אל הבדים ונואלו חרב על שונאיהן של תלמידי חכמים שעוסקין בד בבד בתורה ולא עוד אלא שמטפשין שנאמר ונואלו,ולא עוד אלא שחוטאין כתיב הכא ונואלו וכתיב התם (במדבר יב, יא) אשר נואלנו ואשר חטאנו ואיבעית אימא מהכא (ישעיהו יט, יג) נואלו שרי צוען [וגו'] והתעו את מצרים,אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק למה נמשלו דברי תורה כעץ שנאמר (משלי ג, יח) עץ חיים היא למחזיקים בה לומר לך מה עץ קטן מדליק את הגדול אף תלמידי חכמים קטנים מחדדים את הגדולים והיינו דאמר ר' חנינא הרבה למדתי מרבותי ומחבירי יותר מרבותי ומתלמידי יותר מכולן,רבי חנינא בר פפא רמי כתיב (ישעיהו כא, יד) לקראת צמא התיו מים וכתיב (ישעיהו נה, א) הוי כל צמא לכו למים אם תלמיד הגון הוא לקראת צמא התיו מים ואי לא הוי כל צמא לכו למים,רבי חנינא בר חמא רמי כתיב (משלי ה, טז) יפוצו מעינותיך חוצה וכתיב (משלי ה, יז) יהיו לך לבדך אם תלמיד הגון הוא יפוצו מעינותיך חוצה ואם לאו יהיו לך לבדך,(ואמר) רבי חנינא בר אידי למה נמשלו דברי תורה למים דכתיב הוי כל צמא לכו למים לומר לך מה מים מניחין מקום גבוה והולכין למקום נמוך אף דברי תורה אין מתקיימין אלא במי שדעתו שפלה,ואמר רבי אושעיא למה נמשלו דברי תורה לשלשה משקין הללו במים וביין ובחלב דכתיב הוי כל צמא לכו למים וכתיב (ישעיהו נה, א) לכו שברו ואכלו ולכו שברו בלא כסף ובלא מחיר יין וחלב לומר לך מה שלשה משקין הללו אין מתקיימין אלא בפחות שבכלים אף דברי תורה אין מתקיימין אלא במי שדעתו שפלה,כדאמרה ליה ברתיה דקיסר לר' יהושע בן חנניה אי חכמה מפוארה בכלי מכוער אמר לה אביך רמי חמרא במני דפחרא אמרה ליה אלא במאי נירמי אמר לה אתון דחשביתו רמו במאני דהבא וכספא,אזלה ואמרה ליה לאבוה רמייא לחמרא במני דהבא וכספא ותקיף אתו ואמרו ליה אמר לה לברתיה מאן אמר לך הכי אמרה ליה רבי יהושע בן חנניה קריוהו אמר ליה אמאי אמרת לה הכי אמר ליה כי היכי דאמרה לי אמרי לה והא איכא שפירי דגמירי | 7a. b we will recite them both: God of thanksgivings, and: Abundant thanksgivings. /b ,§ The Gemara cites statements in praise of rainfall. b Rabbi Abbahu said: The day of rain is greater than the resurrection of the dead. /b The reason is that b while the resurrection of the dead /b benefits only b the righteous, rain /b benefits b both the righteous and the wicked. /b The Gemara comments: b And /b this statement b disagrees with /b the opinion of b Rav Yosef, as Rav Yosef said: Since /b rainfall b is equivalent to the resurrection of the dead, /b the Sages b established /b its recitation b in /b the second blessing of the i Amida /i , the blessing of b the resurrection of the dead. /b According to Rav Yosef, rainfall is the equivalent to, but not superior to, the resurrection of the dead.,Similarly, b Rav Yehuda said: The day of the rains is as great as the day /b on which b the Torah was given, as it is stated: “My doctrine [ i likḥi /i ] shall drop as the rain” /b (Deuteronomy 32:2), b and i lekaḥ /i means nothing other /b than b Torah, as it is stated: “For I give you good doctrine [ i lekaḥ /i ]; do not forsake My Torah” /b (Proverbs 4:2). b Rava said: /b Rainfall is even b greater than the day on which the Torah was given, as it is stated: “My doctrine shall drop as the rain,” /b and when one makes a comparison, b which /b object b is /b made b dependent upon which? You must say /b that b the lesser /b object b is dependent upon the greater /b one. If Torah is compared to rain, it follows that rain is greater than Torah.,The Gemara cites another interpretation of the verse from Deuteronomy. b Rava raised a contradiction: /b At the beginning of the verse b it is written: “My doctrine shall drop [ i ya’arof /i ] as the rain,” /b in a harsh manner, b and /b yet later in the verse, b it is written: “My speech shall distill as the dew,” /b in a gentle tone. He resolves this apparent contradiction as follows: b If he is a worthy Torah scholar, /b the Torah flows through him b like the dew, but if /b he is b not /b worthy, b it snaps his neck [ i orfehu /i ] like the /b powerful b rain. /b , b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Bena’a would say: Anyone who engages in Torah for its own sake, his Torah /b study b will be an elixir of life for him, as it is stated: “It is a tree of life to them who lay hold upon it” /b (Proverbs 3:18), b and it says: “It shall be health to your navel” /b (Proverbs 3:8), b and it says: “For whoever finds Me finds life” /b (Proverbs 8:35). b And anyone who engages in Torah not for its own sake, /b e.g., for self-aggrandizement, his Torah b will be an elixir of death for him, as it is stated: “My doctrine shall drop [ i ya’arof /i ] as the rain,” and i arifa /i /b means b nothing other /b than b killing, as it is stated: “And they shall break the heifer’s neck [ i arefu /i ] there in the valley” /b (Deuteronomy 21:4)., b Rabbi Yirmeya /b once b said to Rabbi Zeira: Let the Master come and teach /b a halakhic discourse. Rabbi Zeira b said to him: My heart is weak and I cannot /b strain myself over a halakhic discourse. Rabbi Yirmeya replied to him: In that case, b let the Master tell us a matter of i aggada /i , /b which does not require as much effort. Rabbi Zeira b said to him /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa said as follows: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “For man is a tree of the field” /b (Deuteronomy 20:19)? b And is man /b actually b a tree of the field? /b , b Rather, /b it is b because it is written /b earlier in the same verse: b “You may eat of them but you may not cut them down,” and it is written /b in the next verse: b “Them you may destroy and cut down” /b (Deuteronomy 20:20). This indicates that there are certain trees which may be cut down, while others may not be destroyed. b How so? If a Torah scholar is worthy: “You may eat of them but you may not cut them down,” but if /b he is b not /b worthy: b “He you may destroy and cut down.” /b ,The Gemara cites other expositions that deal with Torah study. b Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “Iron sharpens iron, /b so a man sharpens the countece of his friend” (Proverbs 27:17)? This verse comes b to tell you /b that b just as /b with b these iron implements, one sharpens the other /b when they are rubbed against each other, b so too, /b when b Torah scholars /b study together, they b sharpen one another in i halakha /i . /b , b Rabba bar bar Ḥana said: Why are matters of Torah compared to fire, as it is stated: “Is not My word like fire, says the Lord” /b (Jeremiah 23:29)? b To tell you: Just as fire does not ignite /b in b a lone /b stick of wood but in a pile of kindling, b so too, matters of Torah are not retained /b and understood properly by b a lone /b scholar who studies by himself, but by a group of Sages., b And this is what Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina said: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “A sword is upon the boasters [ i habaddim /i ], and they shall become fools [ i noalu /i ]” /b (Jeremiah 50:36)? This verse can be interpreted homiletically: There is a b sword upon the enemies of Torah scholars, /b a euphemism for Torah scholars themselves, b who sit alone [ i bad bevad /i ] and study Torah. And not only that, but /b those who study by themselves b grow foolish /b from their solitary Torah study, b as it is stated: “And they shall become fools.” /b , b And not only that, but they sin, as it is written here: “And they shall become fools,” and it is written there: “For that we have done foolishly [ i noalnu /i ] and for that we have sinned” /b (Numbers 12:11). b And if you wish, say /b instead that it is derived b from here: “The princes of Zoan have become fools [ i noalu /i ]…they have caused Egypt to go astray” /b (Isaiah 19:13)., b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Why are Torah matters likened to a tree, as it is stated: “It is a tree of life to them who lay hold upon it” /b (Proverbs 3:18)? This verse comes b to tell you /b that b just as a small /b piece of b wood can ignite a large piece, so too, minor Torah scholars can sharpen great /b Torah scholars and enable them to advance in their studies. b And this is what Rabbi Ḥanina said: I have learned much from my teachers and even more from my friends, but from my students /b I have learned b more than /b from b all of them. /b , b Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa raised a contradiction. /b In one verse b it is written: “To him who is thirsty bring water” /b (Isaiah 21:14), which indicates that the one who has water must bring it to the thirsty person, b and it is written /b elsewhere: b “Ho, everyone who thirsts, come for water” /b (Isaiah 55:1), from which it may be inferred that the thirsty person must seek out water himself. Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa resolves this apparent contradiction by explaining that b if he is a worthy student /b the teacher must seek him out, as in b “to him who is thirsty bring water,” but if /b the student is b not /b worthy, then b “Ho, everyone who thirsts, come for water,” /b i.e., this student must seek out a teacher himself., b Rabbi Ḥanina bar Ḥama raised /b another b contradiction. /b In one verse b it is written: “Let your springs be dispersed abroad” /b (Proverbs 5:16), whereas in the next verse b it is written: “Let them be your own” /b (Proverbs 5:17). Rabbi Ḥanina bar Ḥama explains: b If the student /b sitting before you b is worthy, /b then b “Let your springs be dispersed abroad,” /b as you should teach him, but b if /b he is b not /b worthy, then b “Let them be your own.” /b , b And Rabbi Ḥanina bar Idi said: Why are matters of Torah likened to water, as it is written: “Ho, everyone who thirsts, come for water” /b (Isaiah 55:1)? This verse comes b to tell you: Just as water leaves a high place and flows to a low place, so too, Torah matters are retained only by one whose spirit is lowly, /b i.e., a humble person., b And Rabbi Oshaya said: Why are matters of Torah likened to these three liquids: To water, wine and milk? As it is written /b with regard to water: b “Ho, everyone who thirsts, come for water,” and it is written /b in the same verse: b “Come, buy and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price.” /b This verse comes b to tell you: Just as these three liquids can be retained only in the least of vessels, /b e.g., clay pots, but not vessels of silver and gold, as they will spoil, b so too, matters of Torah are retained only by one whose spirit is lowly. /b ,The Gemara cites a related incident: This b is as the daughter of the /b Roman b emperor said to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya, /b who was an ugly man: b Woe to glorious wisdom /b such as yours, which is contained b in an ugly vessel. /b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya b said to her, /b in a seemingly unrelated response: Does b your father keep his wine in /b simple b clay vessels? /b The emperor’s daughter b said to him: Rather, in what, /b then, b should he keep it? /b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya b said to her: You, who are so important, /b should b put it in vessels of gold and silver. /b ,The emperor’s daughter b went and said /b this b to her father. He put the wine in vessels of gold and silver and it turned sour. /b When his advisors b came and told the emperor /b that the wine had turned sour, b he said to /b his daughter: b Who told you /b to do b this? /b His daughter b responded: Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya. /b The emperor b summoned him /b and b said to him: Why did you say this to her? /b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya b said to him: Just as she said to me, so I said say to her, /b to demonstrate to her that fine material is best preserved in the least of vessels. The emperor said to him: b But there are handsome people who are learned. /b |
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36. Babylonian Talmud, Yevamot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, common features of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, function of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 4, 176| 102b. ומי איכא כי האי גוונא אין דחזיוה רבנן לרב יהודה דנפק בחמשא זוזי מוקי לשוקא,אמר רב יהודה אמר רב יבמה שהגדילה בין האחין מותרת לינשא לאחד מן האחין ואין חוששין שמא חלצה סנדל לאחד מהן טעמא דלא חזינן הא חזינן חיישינן,והא תניא בין שנתכוון הוא ולא נתכוונה היא בין שנתכוונה היא ולא נתכוון הוא חליצתה פסולה עד שיתכוונו שניהם כאחד הכי קאמר אע"ג דחזינן אין חוששין שמא כוונו,ואיכא דאמרי טעמא דלא חזינן הא חזינן חוששין ודקא תנא בעי כוונה הני מילי לאישתרויי לעלמא אבל לאחין מיפסלא,אמר רב יהודה אמר רב סנדל התפור בפשתן אין חולצין בו שנאמר (יחזקאל טז, י) ואנעלך תחש ואימא תחש אין מידי אחרינא לא נעל נעל ריבה,אי נעל נעל ריבה אפי' כל מילי נמי אם כן תחש מאי אהני ליה,בעא מיניה רבי אלעזר מרב הוא של עור ותריסיותיו של שער מהו אמר ליה מי לא קרינן ביה ואנעלך תחש אי הכי כולו של שער נמי ההוא קרקא מקרי,אמר ליה רב כהנא לשמואל ממאי דהאי וחלצה נעלו מעל רגלו מישלף הוא דכתיב (ויקרא יד, מ) וחלצו את האבנים אשר בהן הנגע,ואימא זרוזי הוא דכתיב (במדבר לא, ג) החלצו מאתכם אנשים לצבא התם נמי שלופי מביתא לקרבא,והכתיב (איוב לו, טו) יחלץ עני בעניו בשכר עניו יחלצו מדינה של גיהנם,אלא הא דכתיב (תהלים לד, ח) חונה מלאך ה' סביב ליראיו ויחלצם בשכר יראיו יחלצם מדינה של גיהנם,אלא הא דכתיב (ישעיהו נח, יא) ועצמותיך יחליץ ואמר רבי אלעזר זו מעולה שבברכות ואמר רבא זרוזי גרמי אין משמע הכי ומשמע הכי דהכא אי ס"ד זרוזי הוא א"כ לכתוב רחמנא וחלצה נעלו ברגלו,אי כתב רחמנא ברגלו ה"א ברגלו אין בשוקו לא כתב רחמנא מעל רגלו דאפילו בשוקו א"כ לכתוב רחמנא במעל רגלו מאי מעל רגלו ש"מ מישלף הוא,אמר ליה ההוא מינא לר"ג עמא דחלץ ליה מריה מיניה דכתיב (הושע ה, ו) בצאנם ובבקרם ילכו לבקש את ה' ולא ימצאו חלץ מהם,אמר ליה שוטה מי כתיב חלץ להם חלץ מהם כתיב ואילו יבמה דחלצו לה אחין מידי מששא אית ביה:,באנפיליא חליצתה פסולה כו': למימרא דאנפיליא לאו מנעל הוא,ותנן נמי אין התורם נכנס לא בפרגוד חפות ולא באנפיליא ואין צריך לומר במנעל וסנדל לפי שאין נכנסין במנעל וסנדל לעזרה,ורמינהו אחד מנעל וסנדל ואנפיליא לא יטייל בהן לא מבית לבית ולא ממטה למטה,אמר אביי דאית ביה כתיתי ומשום תענוג אמר ליה רבא ומשום תענוג בלא מנעל ביום הכפורים מי אסירי והא רבה בר רב הונא כריך סודרא אכרעיה ונפיק אלא אמר רבא לא קשיא כאן באנפיליא של עור כאן באנפיליא של בגד,ה"נ מסתברא דאי לא תימא הכי קשיא יום הכפורים איום הכפורים דתניא לא יטייל אדם בקורדקיסין בתוך ביתו אבל מטייל הוא באנפילין בתוך ביתו אלא לאו ש"מ כאן באנפיליא של עור כאן באנפיליא של בגד ש"מ,תניא כוותיה דרבא חלצה במנעל הנפרם שחופה את רוב הרגל בסנדל הנפחת שמקבל את רוב הרגל בסנדל של שעם ושל סיב בקב הקיטע במוק בסמיכת הרגלים באנפיליא של עור והחולצת מן הגדול | 102b. The Gemara asks: b Is there really a case like this /b where people wear one shoe on top of another? The Gemara answers: b Yes, for the Sages saw Rav Yehuda, who went out /b once b to the market wearing five pairs of /b shoes, which were similar to b slippers, /b one on top of another., b Rav Yehuda said /b another i halakha /i that b Rav said: /b An underage b i yevama /i who grew up among /b her husband’s b brothers /b before any i ḥalitza /i was performed b is permitted to marry one of the brothers /b through levirate marriage, b and we are not concerned /b about the possibility b that /b during the time she was in the company of her i yevamin /i b she removed a sandal from one of them, /b and thereby she would have already performed i ḥalitza /i . The Gemara infers from this statement: b The reason /b it is permitted to perform levirate marriage now b is /b specifically b that we did not see /b her remove one of their shoes, b but if /b in fact b we did see /b her do so, b we are concerned /b and treat her as a i yevama /i who already performed i ḥalitza /i and is thereby forbidden to all the brothers.,The Gemara challenges: b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Whether he intended /b to perform i ḥalitza /i b and she did not intend /b to, b or whether she intended /b to perform i ḥalitza /i b and he did not intend to, the i ḥalitza /i is invalid, unless they both intended it as one /b to perform a proper act of i ḥalitza /i ? The Gemara answers: b This is what /b Rav b said: Even if we /b did b see /b that she removed a shoe from one of them, b we are not concerned that perhaps they intended to /b perform i ḥalitza /i ., b And there are /b those b who say /b the inference from Rav’s statement should be made in the opposite manner: b The reason /b it is permitted for her to perform levirate marriage now b is /b specifically b that we did not see /b her remove a shoe from one of the brothers. b But if we did see, we would be concerned /b and would treat her as a i yevama /i who already performed i ḥalitza /i , despite our knowledge that she did not intend to perform i ḥalitza /i . b And /b with regard to b that which was taught /b in the i baraita /i , b that intention is required, this applies /b only as far as validating the act of i ḥalitza /i in order b to permit her to marry a stranger. But /b performing an act of i ḥalitza /i even without intention is sufficient to b disqualify her for the brothers, /b rendering prohibited an act of levirate marriage afterward., b Rav Yehuda /b also b said /b that b Rav said: One may not perform i ḥalitza /i using a sandal /b that was b sewn /b together b with /b threads made of b flax, as it is stated: “And I made you shoes of i taḥash /i skin” /b (Ezekiel 16:10), which is the skin of an animal, implying that a shoe is something made entirely of leather. The Gemara challenges: If the source is “ i taḥash /i ,” b let us say: /b A shoe made of b i taḥash /i skin, yes, /b it is valid; but if made of b anything else, no. /b The Gemara rejects this: Because b “shoe” /b and b “shoe” /b are written in the Torah multiple times, this b amplifies /b and includes all types of shoes crafted from leather skins as valid for performing i ḥalitza /i .,The Gemara asks: b If /b the inclusion of the words b “shoe” /b and b “shoe” amplifies, /b then should one include as valid for performing i ḥalitza /i shoes crafted from b even any /b other b materials as well, /b including those not produced from leather at all? The Gemara answers: b If so, what purpose does “ i taḥash /i ” serve, /b as nothing is learned from it? Rather, from the word i taḥash /i it is derived that the shoe must be crafted entirely of leather, but all types of leather are included because the word “shoe” is repeated in the Torah numerous times., b Rabbi Elazar asked Rav: /b What is the status of the following type of sandal used for performing i ḥalitza /i ? In a case where b it, /b the shoe itself, b is made of leather, and /b the sections that hold b its straps [ i tereisiyyot /i ] /b are made b of hair, /b as they were woven together with goat’s hair, b what is /b the i halakha /i ? b He said to him: Do we not refer to /b such a sandal b as: “And I made you shoes of i taḥash /i ”? /b Since it is crafted from material that comes from an animal it is valid. The Gemara asks: b If that is so, /b i.e., that anything derived from an animal is valid, then even if it is fashioned b entirely of hair it should also be /b valid. The Gemara answers: b That would be called a slipper, /b not a shoe., b Rav Kahana said to Shmuel: From where is it known that this /b phrase: b “And she shall remove [ i ḥaltza /i ] his shoe from on his foot” /b (Deuteronomy 25:9), b means to remove? As it is written: /b “Then the priest shall command, b and they shall take out [ i ḥiltzu /i ] the stones in which the plague is” /b (Leviticus 14:40), indicating that the word i ḥaltza /i means that they shall remove the stones from their place.,The Gemara asks whether the word i ḥaltza /i can be interpreted differently based upon its apparent meaning in other contexts: b But /b could you b say it is /b a term for b strengthening, as it is written: “Arm [ i heḥaletzu /i ] men from among you for the army” /b (Numbers 31:3), meaning that men among you will be strengthened and take up arms to prepare for battle? The Gemara answers: b There too, /b the meaning of the word is referring to taking something from its place, as it means b removing /b people b from their houses /b in order b to go /b out b to war. /b ,The Gemara challenges: b But isn’t it written: “He delivers [ i yeḥaletz /i ] the afflicted by His affliction [ i be’onyo /i ]” /b (Job 36:15)? This indicates that the afflicted one becomes stronger due to his affliction, as, if the intention was to deliver him from his affliction, it should have said: From His affliction, rather than “by His affliction.” The Gemara answers that the verse should be interpreted as follows: i Be’onyo /i , in other words, b as reward for his /b suffering from b affliction, He shall deliver him from the judgment of Gehenna, /b as is understood from the term i be’onyo /i , through the reward due to his affliction.,The Gemara challenges further: b But /b with regard to b that it is written: “The angel of the Lord encamps around those who fear Him and delivers them [ i vayeḥaltzem /i ]” /b (Psalms 34:8), doesn’t i vayeḥaltzem /i rather mean: He shall strengthen them? The Gemara answers: The verse means: b As a reward for those that fear Him, He shall deliver them from the judgment of Gehenna. /b Therefore, the Gemara interprets i vayeḥaltzem /i as “delivers them,” not as: Strengthens them.,The Gemara challenges further: b But /b with regard to b that which is written: /b “And the Lord will guide you, and satisfy your soul in drought, b and make your bones strong [ i yaḥalitz /i ]” /b (Isaiah 58:11), b and Rabbi Elazar said /b regarding that verse: b This is the greatest of blessings, and Rava said /b it means: b Strengthening of bones. /b This seems to indicate that the root of the word i ḥalitza /i is referring to strengthening. The Gemara answers: b Yes, it has this connotation, and it has this connotation, /b i.e., the root i ḥ-l-tz /i sometimes connotes removal and sometimes connotes strengthening. b But here, /b only one meaning is possible, as, b if it enters your mind /b that i ḥalitza /i here b connotes strengthening, then let the Merciful One write /b in the Torah: b She shall strengthen [ i ḥaletza /i ] his shoe on his foot [ i beraglo /i ], /b indicating that she should tighten the shoe on his foot, rather than stating: “From on his foot [ i me’al raglo /i ],” which indicates that she is removing something from his foot.,The Gemara responds: b If the Merciful One had written /b in the Torah: b On his foot [ i beraglo /i ], I would have said /b she must strengthen and tighten the shoe b on his foot, yes, but on his calf, no; /b and if his foot were amputated she may no longer perform i ḥalitza /i . Therefore, b the Merciful One writes /b in the Torah: b “From on his foot [ i me’al raglo /i ],” /b to teach that she may strengthen the shoe b even on his calf, /b which is part of the leg, or i regel /i , above the foot. The Gemara answers: b If so, /b and i ḥalitza /i really means strengthening, b let the Merciful One write /b in the Torah: She shall strengthen his shoe b on the upper part of his foot [ i beme’al raglo /i ], /b indicating that the shoe can also be tightened on the area of the calf. b What /b then b is /b the meaning of b “from on his foot [ i me’al raglo /i ],” /b which is written in the verse? b Learn from here /b that in this context the word i ḥalitza /i clearly b indicates removal, /b meaning that the mitzva of i ḥalitza /i is for the i yevama /i to remove the shoe of the i yavam /i and not to tighten it on his foot.,Parenthetical to this discussion, the Gemara relates: b A certain heretic said to Rabban Gamliel: /b You, the children of Israel, are b a nation whose Master removed [ i ḥalatz /i ] Himself from them, /b for God has left you in much the same way in which a i yavam /i would perform i ḥalitza /i with his i yevama /i , b as it is written: “With their flocks and with their herds they shall go to seek the Lord, but they shall not find Him. He has removed [ i ḥalatz /i ] Himself from them [ i meihem /i ]” /b (Hoshea 5:6). The heretic tried to use this verse as scriptural support that God has performed i ḥalitza /i with the Jewish people., b He, /b Rabban Gamliel, b said to him: Imbecile, does it say: He performed i ḥalitza /i to them [ i lahem /i ]? /b Rather, b it says “ i ḥalatz /i from them [ i meihem /i ],” /b meaning it is as if they, the Jewish people, performed i ḥalitza /i on Him. b But if a i yevama /i had her shoe removed by her i yevamin /i , does this have any significance? /b Here too, the meaning of the verse is that the nation of Israel abandoned God by removing themselves from Him, and this abandonment has no significance.,The Gemara analyzes the phrase used in the mishna that discusses the types of shoes that can be used for i ḥalitza /i . It was taught in the mishna that if he was wearing b a soft shoe [ i anpileya /i ] /b made of cloth for i ḥalitza /i , b her i ḥalitza /i is invalid. /b The Gemara explains: b That is to say that an i anpileya /i is not /b considered b a shoe. /b , b And we also learned /b similarly in a mishna ( i Shekalim /i 3:2): b The one who collects the funds /b of shekels donated to the Temple from the chamber and puts them it into baskets in order to be used b may not enter /b to collect the funds b wearing a garment [ i pargod /i ] that is cuffed [ i ḥafut /i ], nor wearing an i anpileya /i , and needless to say /b that he may not enter wearing b a shoe or a sandal, because one may not enter /b the Temple b courtyard wearing a shoe or a sandal. /b It is prohibited for the one collecting funds from the chamber to enter the chamber wearing a garment or footwear in which money could be hidden, lest people come to suspect that he hid in them funds collected from the chamber. In any case, the wording of the mishna indicates that an i anpileya /i is not considered a type of shoe, since it is permitted to enter the Temple wearing an i anpileya /i when there is no reason for suspicion, unlike a shoe or sandal, which can never be worn in the Temple., b And /b the Gemara b raises a contradiction /b from a i baraita /i concerning what footwear is permitted on Yom Kippur, which seems to indicate otherwise: The halakha is b the same for a /b soft leather b shoe, and a /b hard leather b sandal, and an i anpileya /i , as one may not walk in them from one house to another, nor from one bed to another /b on Yom Kippur, due to the prohibition against wearing shoes, indicating that at least as far as Yom Kippur is concerned, an i anpileya /i is considered a shoe., b Abaye said: /b There, with regard to Yom Kippur, it is referring to an i anpileya /i b that has cushioning, and /b this is forbidden b due to the pleasure /b that one derives from cushioned footwear on a day when people are commanded to afflict themselves. b Rava said to him: But /b is footwear b that is not considered /b to be b shoes forbidden on Yom Kippur due to /b the b pleasure /b one derives from wearing them? b But Rabba bar Rav Huna would wrap a scarf on his feet and go out /b on Yom Kippur so his feet would not be injured, implying that there is no prohibition against wearing something comfortable on one’s foot, as long as it is not defined as a shoe. b Rather, Rava said: This /b is b not difficult. Here, /b when they said that an i anpileya /i has the status of a shoe, it is referring to b an i anpileya /i /b made b of leather. There, /b when they do not consider it a shoe, it is referring to b an i anpileya /i /b made b of cloth. /b ,The Gemara adds: b And so too, it is reasonable /b to distinguish in this manner, b as, if you do not say so, it /b is b difficult /b to reconcile the seeming contradiction between one statement about b Yom Kippur and /b another statement about b Yom Kippur. As it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b A person shall not walk /b while wearing b slippers [ i kordakisin /i ] within his house /b on Yom Kippur, b but he may walk /b while wearing b an i anpileya /i within his house. /b This would imply that wearing an i anpileya /i is permitted, but the i baraita /i quoted above taught that it is prohibited. b Rather, /b must one b not conclude from here /b that b here, /b where it indicates that an i anpileya /i is forbidden, it is referring b to an i anpileya /i /b made b of leather, /b as they are considered like a shoe, and b there, /b where an i anpileya /i is permitted, it is referring b to an i anpileya /i /b made b of cloth? /b The Gemara concludes: Indeed, b learn from here /b that it is so.,It b is taught /b in a i baraita /i b in accordance with /b the opinion b of Rava: /b If b she performed i ḥalitza /i using a shoe whose seams were opened up, which /b still b covered most of the foot; /b or if she performed i ḥalitza /i b with a sandal /b whose sole b was /b partially b opened that /b still b held most of the foot; /b or if she performed i ḥalitza /i b with a sandal /b made b of cork [ i sha’am /i ], or of fibers /b from a tree; or b with a prosthetic foot of an amputee; /b or b with a felt shoe [ i muk /i ]; /b or b with a leg blanket /b that an amputee makes for his feet as a covering in which to put the stumps of his legs, which is not an actual shoe; or b with a leather i anpileya /i ; and /b likewise, a woman b who performs i ḥalitza /i /b with her i yavam /i when he is an b adult man, /b |
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| 37. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 176 |
38. Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 12, 185| 39a. (יחזקאל יח, ב) אבות יאכלו בוסר ושיני בנים תקהינה (ויקרא יט, לו) מאזני צדק אבני צדק (משלי יא, ח) צדיק מצרה נחלץ ויבא רשע תחתיו,א"ל כופר לרבן גמליאל אלהיכם גנב הוא דכתיב (בראשית ב, כא) ויפל ה' אלהים תרדמה על האדם ויישן אמרה ליה ברתיה שבקיה דאנא מהדרנא ליה אמרה ליה תנו לי דוכוס אחד א"ל למה ליך ליסטין באו עלינו הלילה ונטלו ממנו קיתון של כסף והניחו לנו קיתון של זהב אמר לה ולוואי שיבא עלינו בכל יום ולא יפה היה לו לאדם הראשון שנטלו ממנו צלע אחת ונתנו לו שפחה לשמשו,אמר לה הכי קאמינא אלא לשקליה בהדיא אמרה ליה אייתו לי אומצא דבישרא אייתו לה אותבה תותי בחשא אפיקתה אמרה ליה אכול מהאי אמר לה מאיסא לי אמרה ליה ואדם הראשון נמי אי הות שקילה בהדיא הוה מאיסא ליה,א"ל כופר לרבן גמליאל ידענא אלהייכו מאי קא עביד (והיכן יתיב) איתנגד ואיתנח א"ל מאי האי א"ל בן אחד יש לי בכרכי הים ויש לי גיעגועים עליו בעינא דמחוית ליה ניהלי אמר מי ידענא היכא ניהו א"ל דאיכא בארעא לא ידעת דאיכא בשמיא ידעת,אמר ליה כופר לרבן גמליאל כתיב (תהלים קמז, ד) מונה מספר לכוכבים מאי רבותיה אנא מצינא למימנא כוכבי אייתי חבושי שדינהו בארבילא וקא מהדר להו אמר ליה מנינהו א"ל אוקמינהו א"ל רקיע נמי הכי הדרא,איכא דאמרי הכי א"ל מני לי כוכבי א"ל אימא לי ככיך ושיניך כמה הוה שדא ידיה לפומיה וקא מני להו א"ל דאיכא בפומיך לא ידעת דאיכא ברקיעא ידעת,א"ל כופר לרבן גמליאל מי שברא הרים לא ברא רוח שנאמר (עמוס ד, יג) כי הנה יוצר הרים ובורא רוח אלא מעתה גבי אדם דכתיב ויברא וייצר הכי נמי מי שברא זה לא ברא זה,טפח על טפח יש בו באדם ושני נקבים יש בו מי שברא זה לא ברא זה שנאמר (תהלים צד, ט) הנוטע אוזן הלא ישמע ואם יוצר עין הלא יביט א"ל אין א"ל ובשעת מיתה כולן נתפייסו,א"ל ההוא אמגושא לאמימר מפלגך לעילאי דהורמיז מפלגך לתתאי דאהורמיז א"ל א"כ היכי שביק ליה אהורמיז להורמיז לעבורי מיא בארעיה,אמר ליה קיסר לר' תנחום תא ליהוו כולן לעמא חד אמר לחיי אנן דמהלינן לא מצינן מיהוי כוותייכו אתון מהליתו והוו כוותן א"ל מימר שפיר קאמרת מיהו כל דזכי למלכא לשדיוה לביבר שדיוה לביבר ולא אכלוה א"ל ההוא מינא האי דלא אכלוה משום דלא כפין הוא שדיוה ליה לדידיה ואכלוה,א"ל כופר לר"ג אמריתו כל בי עשרה שכינתא שריא כמה שכינתא איכא קרייה לשמעיה מחא ביה באפתקא א"ל אמאי על שמשא בביתיה דכופר א"ל שמשא אכולי עלמא ניחא ומה שמשא דחד מן אלף אלפי רבוא שמשי דקמי קודשא בריך הוא ניחא לכולי עלמא שכינתא דקב"ה על אחת כמה וכמה,א"ל ההוא מינא לרבי אבהו אלהיכם גחכן הוא דקאמר ליה ליחזקאל (יחזקאל ד, ד) שכב על צדך השמאלי וכתיב (יחזקאל ד, ו) ושכבת על צדך הימני אתא ההוא תלמידא א"ל מ"ט דשביעתא א"ל השתא אמינא לכו מילתא דשויא לתרוייהו,אמר הקב"ה לישראל זרעו שש והשמיטו שבע כדי שתדעו שהארץ שלי היא והן לא עשו כן אלא חטאו וגלו מנהגו של עולם מלך בשר ודם שסרחה עליו מדינה אם אכזרי הוא הורג את כולן אם רחמן הוא הורג חצים אם רחמן מלא רחמים הוא מייסר הגדולים שבהן ביסורין אף כך הקב"ה מייסר את יחזקאל כדי למרק עונותיהם של ישראל,א"ל ההוא מינא לרבי אבהו אלהיכם כהן הוא דכתיב (שמות כה, ב) ויקחו לי תרומה כי קבריה למשה במאי טביל וכי תימא במיא והכתיב (ישעיהו מ, יב) מי מדד בשעלו מים,א"ל בנורא טביל דכתיב (ישעיהו סו, טו) כי הנה ה' באש יבא ומי סלקא טבילותא בנורא א"ל אדרבה עיקר טבילותא בנורא הוא דכתיב (במדבר לא, כג) וכל אשר לא יבא באש תעבירו במים,אמר ליה ההוא מינא לרבי אבינא כתיב (שמואל ב ז, כג) מי כעמך כישראל גוי אחד בארץ מאי רבותייהו אתון נמי ערביתו בהדן דכתיב (ישעיהו מ, יז) כל הגוים כאין נגדו אמר ליה מדידכו אסהידו עלן דכתיב | 39a. And they are the parables concerning the following verses: b “The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge” /b (Ezekiel 18:2); b “Just balances, just weights /b …shall you have” (Leviticus 19:36); and b “The righteous is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked comes in his stead” /b (Proverbs 11:8).,§ b The /b Roman b emperor said to Rabban Gamliel: Your God is a thief, as it is written: “And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man and he slept; /b and He took one of his sides, and closed up the place with flesh instead” (Genesis 2:21). b The daughter of /b the emperor b said to /b Rabban Gamliel: b Leave him, as I will respond to him. She said /b to her father: b Provide one commander [ i dukhus /i ] for me /b to avenge someone’s wrongdoing. The emperor b said to her: Why do you need /b him? She said to him: b Armed bandits came to us this /b past b night, and took a silver jug [ i kiton /i ] from us, and left a golden jug for us. /b The emperor b said to her: /b If so, b would it be that /b armed bandits such as these b would come to us every day. /b She said to him: b And was it not /b similarly b good for Adam the first /b man b that /b God b took a side from him and gave him a maidservant to serve him? /b ,The emperor b said to her: This is what I was saying: But /b if it is good for Adam, b let /b God b take /b his side from him b in the open, /b not during the time of his deep sleep, like a thief. b She said to him: Bring me /b a slice of b raw meat. They brought it to her. She placed it under the embers, /b and b removed it /b after it was roasted. b She said to him: Eat from this /b meat. The emperor b said to her: It is repulsive to me. /b Although he knew that this is how meat is prepared, seeing the raw meat made it repulsive to him. b She said to him: /b With regard to b Adam the first /b man b as well, had /b God b taken her /b from him b in the open, she would have been repulsive to him. /b Therefore God acted while Adam was asleep., b The emperor said to Rabban Gamliel: I know your God, what He does and where He sits. /b Meanwhile, the emperor b was moaning and groaning. /b Rabban Gamliel b said to him: What /b is b this? /b Why are you in distress? The emperor b said to him: I have one son in the cities overseas and I miss him. /b Rabban Gamliel said to him: b I want you to show him to me. /b The emperor b said: Do I know where he is? /b Rabban Gamliel b said to him: /b If b you do not know that which is on earth, /b is it possible that b you do know that which is in the heavens? /b , b The emperor said to Rabban Gamliel: It is written /b in praise of the Lord: b “He counts the number of the stars; /b He gives them all their names” (Psalms 147:4). b What is His greatness? I can /b also b count the stars. /b Rabban Gamliel b brought quinces, put them in a sieve, and spun them. He said /b to the emperor: b Count them. /b The emperor b said to him: Stand them still /b so that I can count them. Rabban Gamliel b said to him: /b The b firmament also revolves like this, /b therefore you cannot count the stars in it., b Some say /b that b this is /b what the emperor b said to him: I have counted the stars. /b Rabban Gamliel b said to him: Tell me how many teeth and incisors you /b have. The emperor b put his hand in his mouth and was counting them. /b Rabban Gamliel b said to him: You do not know what is in your mouth, /b but b you do know what is in the firmament? /b , b The emperor said to Rabban Gamliel: He Who created mountains did not create wind, /b rather two separate gods created them, b as it is stated: “For, lo, He forms mountains and creates wind” /b (Amos 4:13); one is described with the verb “forms,” and the other with the verb “creates.” Rabban Gamliel said to him: b If that is so, /b then b with regard to Adam, as it is written /b concerning him: b “And /b God b created” /b (Genesis 1:27), and also: b “And /b the Lord God b formed” /b (Genesis 2:7), b so too /b should one say that b He who created this did not create that? /b ,If you will claim that different gods created different parts of Adam, that will not suffice. b A person has one handbreadth by one handbreadth /b of facial countece, with b two /b types of b orifices in it, /b eyes and ears. Should one say that b He who created this did not create that; as it is stated: “He that planted the ear, shall He not hear? He that formed the eye, shall He not see?” /b (Psalms 94:9)? The verse employs two verbs for the eyes and ears alone. The emperor b said to him: Yes, /b different gods created different parts of the face. Rabban Gamliel b said to him: And at the moment of death, are they all appeased? /b Do all these gods agree as one that the time arrived for the person to die?,The Gemara relates: b A certain magus said to Ameimar: From your midpoint and up /b is in the domain b of Hurmiz, /b the god of good, who created the significant and important parts of the body, and b from your midpoint and down /b is in the domain b of Ahurmiz, /b the god of bad. Ameimar b said to him: If so, how does Ahurmiz allow Hurmiz to urinate in his territory? /b A person drinks with his mouth, which is in his upper half, and urinates from below.,The Gemara relates: b The emperor said to Rabbi Tanḥum: Come, let us all be one people. /b Rabbi Tanḥum b said: Very well. /b But b we, who are circumcised, cannot become /b uncircumcised b as you /b are; b you /b all b circumcise /b yourselves b and become like us. /b The emperor b said to /b Rabbi Tanḥum: In terms of the logic of your b statement, you are saying well, but anyone who bests the king /b in a debate b is thrown to the enclosure [ i labeivar /i ] /b of wild animals. b They threw him to the enclosure but /b the animals b did not eat him, /b as God protected him. b A certain heretic said to /b the emperor: b This /b incident, b that they did not eat him, /b happened b because they are not hungry. They /b then b threw the /b heretic into the enclosure b and /b the animals b ate him. /b , b The emperor said to Rabban Gamliel: You say /b that b the Divine Presence dwells /b in b any place where there are ten /b adult male Jews. He asked, sarcastically: b How many Divine Presences are there? /b Rabban Gamliel b summoned the servant /b of the emperor and b hit him on his neck [ i be’appatka /i ]. /b Rabban Gamliel b said to him: Why /b did you allow b the sun /b to b enter the house of the emperor? The emperor said to him: The sun rests upon all the world; /b no one can prevent it from shining. Rabban Gamliel said to him: b And if the sun, which is one of ten thousand attendants that are before the Holy One, Blessed be He, rests upon all the world, the Divine Presence of the Holy One, Blessed be He, all the more so /b rests upon the world., b A certain heretic said to Rabbi Abbahu: Your God is a jester, as He said to Ezekiel /b the prophet: b “Lie on your left side” /b (Ezekiel 4:4), b and /b it b is /b also b written: “Lie on your right side” /b (Ezekiel 4:6); God had Ezekiel turn from side to side, apparently for comic effect. In the meantime, b a certain student came /b before Rabbi Abbahu and b said to him: What is the reason for /b the mitzva of b the Sabbatical /b Year? Rabbi Abbahu b said to them: Now I will tell you something that is fit for the two of you. /b ,Rabbi Abbahu continued: b The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to the Jewish people: Sow /b for b six /b years, b and withhold /b sowing during the b seventh /b year, b so that that you will know that the land is Mine. But /b the Jewish people b did not do so; rather, they sinned and were /b consequently b exiled. The manner of the world /b is that in the case of b a flesh-and-blood king whose province sinned against him, if he is cruel, he kills them all; if he is compassionate, he kills /b only b half of them; /b and b if he is compassionate /b and b is full of compassion, he afflicts the leaders among them with suffering. /b Rabbi Abbahu continues: b So /b too in b this /b case, b the Holy One, Blessed be He, afflicts Ezekiel in order to cleanse the sins of the Jewish people. /b God instructed him to lie down and suffer the same number of days as the number of years that the Jewish people did not observe the i halakhot /i of the Sabbatical Year., b A certain heretic said to Rabbi Abbahu: Your God is a priest, as it is written: “That they take for Me an offering [ i teruma /i ]” /b (Exodus 25:2), and i teruma /i is given to the priests. He asked, sarcastically: b When He buried Moses, in what /b ritual bath b did He immerse? /b A priest who contracts impurity from a corpse must immerse in order to be able to partake of i teruma /i . b And if you would say /b that He immersed b in water, but isn’t it written: “Who has measured the waters in the hollow of His hand” /b (Isaiah 40:12), that all waters of the world fit in the palm of God, so He could not immerse in them.,Rabbi Abbahu b said to him: He immersed in fire, as it is written: “For, behold, the Lord will come in fire” /b (Isaiah 66:15). The heretic said to him: b But is immersion in fire effective? /b Rabbi Abbahu b said to him: On the contrary, the main /b form of b immersion is in fire, as it is written /b with regard to the removal of non-kosher substances absorbed in a vessel: b “And all that abides not the fire you shall make to go through the water” /b (Numbers 31:23), indicating that fire purifies more than water does., b A certain heretic said to Rabbi Avina: It is written: “And who is like Your people, Israel, one nation in the earth” /b (II Samuel 7:23). The heretic asked: b What is your greatness? You are also mixed together with us, as it is written: “All nations before Him are as nothing; /b they are counted by Him less than nothing and vanity” (Isaiah 40:17). Rabbi Avina b said to him: One of yours, /b the gentile prophet Balaam, b has /b already b testified for us, as it is written: /b |
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| 39. Anon., Leges Publicae, 1.5 Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 90 |
| 40. Anon., First Revelation, None Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, satire and irony in Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 90 |
| 41. Asterius, Pg, None Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163 |
| 42. Athanasius, Expositiones In Psalmos, None Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, common features of •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 25 |
| 43. Gregory of Elvira, Tract. Sanc. Script., 4 Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, function of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 176 |
44. Anon., Ruthrabbah, 3.2 Tagged with subjects: •minim stories, in the babylonian talmud, historicity of Found in books: Bar Asher Siegal (2018), Jewish-Christian Dialogues on Scripture in Late Antiquity: Heretic Narratives of the Babylonian Talmud, 163| 3.2. כְּתִיב (קהלת ט, ד): כִּי מִי אֲשֶׁר יְחֻבַּר וגו', תַּמָן תְּנֵינַן הָרוֹאֶה עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים מַה הוּא אוֹמֵר, בָּרוּךְ נוֹתֵן אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם לְעוֹבְרֵי רְצוֹנוֹ. מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּעֶקְרָה עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים מִמֶּנּוּ, בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָקַר עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים מֵאַרְצֵנוּ. וְכֵן יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ שֶׁתַּעֲקֹר אוֹתָהּ מִכָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת וְתָשׁוּב לֵב עוֹבְדֶיהָ לְעָבְדְּךָ בְּלֵב שָׁלֵם, וְלֹא נִמְצָא מִתְפַּלֵּל עַל הָרְשָׁעִים. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן יְבֻחַר כְּתִיב, אֲפִלּוּ כָּל אוֹתָן שֶׁפָּשְׁטוּ יְדֵיהֶם בַּזְּבוּל יֵשׁ בִּטָּחוֹן, לְהַחֲיוֹת אוֹתָם אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁכְּבָר פָּשְׁטוּ יְדֵיהֶם בַּזְּבוּל, לְכַלּוֹתָם אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁכְּבָר עָשׂוּ תְּשׁוּבָה, עֲלֵיהֶם הוּא אוֹמֵר (ירמיה נא, לט): וְיָשְׁנוּ שְׁנַת עוֹלָם וְלֹא יָקִיצוּ. תַּנְיָא קְטַנֵי גוֹיִם וְחֵילוֹתָיו שֶׁל נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר לֹא חַיִּים וְלֹא נִדּוֹנִים, וַעֲלֵיהֶם הוּא אוֹמֵר: וְיָשְׁנוּ שְׁנַת עוֹלָם וְלֹא יָקִיצוּ. (קהלת ט, ד): כִּי לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת, בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה מִי שֶׁהוּא כֶּלֶב, לְהֵעָשׂוֹת אֲרִי הוּא יָכוֹל. וּמִי שֶׁהוּא אֲרִי, יָכוֹל לְהֵעָשׂוֹת כֶּלֶב. אֲבָל לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא, מִי שֶׁהוּא אֲרִי אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהֵעָשׂוֹת כֶּלֶב, וְכָל מִי שֶׁהוּא כֶּלֶב אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהֵעָשׂוֹת אֲרִי. אַדְרִיָּאנוֹס שְׁחִיק טַמְיָא שָׁאַל לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חֲנַנְיָה, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֲנָא טָב מִמּשֶׁה רַבָּךְ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ, לָמָּה, דַּאֲנָא חַי וְהוּא מֵת, וּכְתִיב: כִּי לְכֶלֶב חַי טוֹב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ יָכוֹל אַתְּ לִגְזֹר דְּלָא יַדְלֵק בַּר נָשׁ נוּר תְּלָתָא יוֹמִין, אֲמַר לֵיהּ, אִין. לְעִידָּן עַמְיָא סָלְקוּן תַּרְוֵיהוֹן עַל אִיגַר פָּלָטִין חֲמֵי תְּנָנָא סָלֵיק מִן רְחִיק, אֲמַר לֵיהּ מַה כֵּן, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִיפַרְכִּיָא בִּישׁ, עָאל אַסְיָא וּבַקַּר יָתֵיהּ, וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ עַד דְּשָׁתֵי חֲמִימֵי לָא מִיתַּסֵּי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ תִּפַּח רוּחֵיהּ, עַד דְאַתְּ קַיָּם בָּטְלָה גְּזֵרָתְךָ, וּמשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁגָּזַר עָלֵינוּ (שמות לה, ג): לֹא תְבַעֲרוּ אֵשׁ בְּכֹל משְׁבֹתֵיכֶם בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, לָא מַדְלֵיק יְהוּדָאי נוּר בְּשַׁבְּתָא מִיּוֹמוֹהִי, וַעֲדַיִן לֹא נִתְבַּטְּלָה גְּזֵרָתוֹ עַד הַשְׁתָּא, אֲמַרְתְּ אַתְּ כֵּן דַּאֲנָא טָב מִינֵיהּ. (תהלים לט, ה): הוֹדִיעֵנִי ה' קִצִּי וּמִדַּת יָמַי מַה הִיא, אָמַר דָּוִד לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָם אוֹדַע לִי אֵימָתַי אֲנָא מָיֵית, אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָזָא הִיא דְּלָא מִתְגַּלֵּי לְבַר נָשׁ וְלֵית אֶפְשָׁר דְּיִתְגַּלֵּי לָךְ. וּמִדַּת יָמַי מַה הִיא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ שַׁבְעִין שְׁנִין. וְאֵדְעָה מֶה חָדֵל אָנִי, אוֹדַע לִי בְּהָדֵין יוֹמָא אֲנָא מָיֵית, אָמַר לוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ פַּחֵית לִי חַד יוֹמָא, אָמַר לוֹ לֹא. אָמַר לוֹ לָמָּה, אָמַר לוֹ חֲבִיבָה עָלַי תְּפִלָּה אַחַת שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹמֵד וּמִתְפַּלֵּל לְפָנַי מֵאֶלֶף עוֹלוֹת שֶׁעָתִיד שְׁלֹמֹה בִּנְךָ לְהַעֲלוֹת לְפָנַי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א ג, ד): אֶלֶף עֹלוֹת יַעֲלֶה שְׁלֹמֹה עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ הַהוּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אוֹסֵיף לִי חַד יוֹמָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לָמָּה, אָמַר לֵיהּ אַרְכִי שֶׁל בִּנְךָ דּוֹחֶקֶת, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, אַרְכִיּוֹת אַרְכִיּוֹת הֵן וְאֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶן נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ אַרְכִי שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ אֲפִלּוּ כִּמְלֹא נִימָא. וּמֵת בַּעֲצֶרֶת שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, וְסָלְקָה סַנְהֶדְּרִין מֶחְמְיָיא אַפִּין לִשְׁלֹמֹה, אֲמַר לְהוֹן מַעֲבַר יָתֵיהּ מֵאֲתַר לַאֲתַר, אָמְרִין לֵיהּ וְלָאו מַתְנִיתָּא הִיא סָכִין וּמְדִיחִין וּבִלְבָד שֶׁלֹא יָזִיז אֵבָר. אָמַר כְּלָבִים שֶׁל בֵּית אַבָּא רְעֵבִין, אָמְרִין לֵיהּ וְלָא מַתְנִיתָּא הִיא מְחַתְּכִין אֶת הַדְּלוּעִים לִפְנֵי הַבְּהֵמָה וְאֶת הַנְּבֵלָה לִפְנֵי הַכְּלָבִים. מֶה עָשָׂה נָטַל פִּיפְקִין וּפָרַשׂ עָלָיו כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹא תֵּרֵד הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים לַנְּשָׁרִים קְרָא וּפָרְשׂוּ עָלָיו אֲגַפֵּיהוֹן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹא תֵּרֵד עָלָיו הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ. | |
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