1. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 30.14, 38.26 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 56 30.14. כֹּל הָעֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה יִתֵּן תְּרוּמַת יְהוָה׃ 38.26. בֶּקַע לַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְכֹל הָעֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה לְשֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים׃ | 30.14. Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the offering of the LORD. 38.26. a beka a head, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that passed over to them that are numbered, from twenty years old and upward, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty men. |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 27.3 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 33, 34, 35, 40 27.3. וְהָיָה עֶרְכְּךָ הַזָּכָר מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וְעַד בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁים שָׁנָה וְהָיָה עֶרְכְּךָ חֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ׃ 27.3. וְכָל־מַעְשַׂר הָאָרֶץ מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ מִפְּרִי הָעֵץ לַיהוָה הוּא קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה׃ | 27.3. then thy valuation shall be for the male from twenty years old even unto sixty years old, even thy valuation shall be fifty shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary. |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 4.3, 4.23, 4.30, 4.35, 4.39, 4.47, 8.24, 8.2532 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 31, 32, 34 4.3. מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה תִּפְקְדֵם כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹד אֶת־עֲבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃ 4.3. מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־בָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃ 4.23. מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה עַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה תִּפְקֹד אוֹתָם כָּל־הַבָּא לִצְבֹא צָבָא לַעֲבֹד עֲבֹדָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃ 4.35. מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹדָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃ 4.39. מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹדָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃ 4.47. מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־הַבָּא לַעֲבֹד עֲבֹדַת עֲבֹדָה וַעֲבֹדַת מַשָּׂא בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃ 8.24. זֹאת אֲשֶׁר לַלְוִיִּם מִבֶּן חָמֵשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה יָבוֹא לִצְבֹא צָבָא בַּעֲבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃ | 4.3. from thirty years old and upward even until fifty years old, all that enter upon the service, to do work in the tent of meeting. 4.23. from thirty years old and upward until fifty years old shalt thou number them: all that enter in to wait upon the service, to do service in the tent of meeting. 4.30. from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old shalt thou number them, every one that entereth upon the service, to do the work of the tent of meeting. 4.35. from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered upon the service, for service in the tent of meeting. 4.39. from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered upon the service, for service in the tent of meeting, 4.47. from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered in to do the work of service, and the work of bearing burdens in the tent of meeting, 8.24. ’This is that which pertaineth unto the Levites: from twenty and five years old and upward they shall go in to perform the service in the work of the tent of meeting; |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 44.5 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 31 44.5. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי יְהֹוָה בֶּן־אָדָם שִׂים לִבְּךָ וּרְאֵה בְעֵינֶיךָ וּבְאָזְנֶיךָ שְּׁמָע אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מְדַבֵּר אֹתָךְ לְכָל־חֻקּוֹת בֵּית־יְהוָה וּלְכָל־תורתו [תּוֹרֹתָיו] וְשַׂמְתָּ לִבְּךָ לִמְבוֹא הַבַּיִת בְּכֹל מוֹצָאֵי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ׃ | 44.5. And the LORD said unto me: ‘Son of man, mark well, and behold with thine eyes, and hear with thine ears all that I say unto thee concerning all the ordices of the house of the LORD, and all the laws thereof; and mark well the entering in of the house, with every going forth of the sanctuary. |
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5. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 3.12-4.4, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 9.17, 9.18, 9.19, 9.20, 9.21, 9.22, 9.23-10.3, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 33 |
6. Dead Sea Scrolls, War Scroll, 6.13-7.3, 7.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 33 |
7. Dead Sea Scrolls, (Cairo Damascus Covenant) Cd-A, 3.12-4.4, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 9.17, 9.18, 9.19, 9.20, 9.21, 9.22, 9.23-10.3, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 31 |
8. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, 1.2, 1.6-1.19, 1.1432 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 30, 31, 34, 35, 56 |
9. Dead Sea Scrolls, Rule of The Community, 1.2, 1.6-1.19, 1.1432 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 30, 31, 34, 35, 56 |
10. Dead Sea Scrolls, Rule of The Community, 1.2, 1.6-1.19, 1.1432 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 30, 31, 34, 35, 56 |
11. Dead Sea Scrolls, Temple Scroll, 57.8 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 40 |
12. Anon., Jubilees, 23.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 33 | 23.11. and they wept for him forty days, all the men of his house, and Isaac and Ishmael, and all their sons, and all the sons of Keturah in their places, and the days of weeping for Abraham were ended. |
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13. Mishnah, Sanhedrin, 3.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 40 3.1. דִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה. זֶה בּוֹרֵר לוֹ אֶחָד וְזֶה בּוֹרֵר לוֹ אֶחָד, וּשְׁנֵיהֶן בּוֹרְרִין לָהֶן עוֹד אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שְׁנֵי דַיָּנִין בּוֹרְרִין לָהֶן עוֹד אֶחָד. זֶה פּוֹסֵל דַּיָּנוֹ שֶׁל זֶה וְזֶה פּוֹסֵל דַּיָּנוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁמֵּבִיא עֲלֵיהֶן רְאָיָה שֶׁהֵן קְרוֹבִין אוֹ פְסוּלִין, אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ כְשֵׁרִים אוֹ מֻמְחִין, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְפָסְלָן. זֶה פּוֹסֵל עֵדָיו שֶׁל זֶה וְזֶה פּוֹסֵל עֵדָיו שֶׁל זֶה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מֵבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם רְאָיָה שֶׁהֵן קְרוֹבִים אוֹ פְסוּלִים. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ כְשֵׁרִים, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְפָסְלָן: | 3.1. Cases concerning property [are decided] by three [judges].This [litigant] chooses one and this [litigant] chooses one and then the two of them choose another, according to Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: “The two judges choose the other judge.” This [litigant] can invalidate this one’s judge, and this [litigant] can invalidate this one’s judge, according to Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: “When is this so? When they bring proof against them that they are relatives or otherwise invalid; but if they are valid and experts, he cannot invalidate them. This [litigant] may invalidate this one’s witnesses and this [litigant] may invalidate this one’s witnesses, according to Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: “When is this so? When they bring proof against them that they are relatives or otherwise invalid; but if they are valid, he cannot invalidate them. |
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14. Mishnah, Avot, 5.21 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 32 5.21. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, בֶּן חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים לַמִּקְרָא, בֶּן עֶשֶׂר לַמִּשְׁנָה, בֶּן שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה לַמִּצְוֹת, בֶּן חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה לַתַּלְמוּד, בֶּן שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לַחֻפָּה, בֶּן עֶשְׂרִים לִרְדֹּף, בֶּן שְׁלשִׁים לַכֹּחַ, בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים לַבִּינָה, בֶּן חֲמִשִּׁים לָעֵצָה, בֶּן שִׁשִּׁים לַזִּקְנָה, בֶּן שִׁבְעִים לַשֵּׂיבָה, בֶּן שְׁמֹנִים לַגְּבוּרָה, בֶּן תִּשְׁעִים לָשׁוּחַ, בֶּן מֵאָה כְּאִלּוּ מֵת וְעָבַר וּבָטֵל מִן הָעוֹלָם: | 5.21. He used to say: At five years of age the study of Scripture; At ten the study of Mishnah; At thirteen subject to the commandments; At fifteen the study of Talmud; At eighteen the bridal canopy; At twenty for pursuit [of livelihood]; At thirty the peak of strength; At forty wisdom; At fifty able to give counsel; At sixty old age; At seventy fullness of years; At eighty the age of “strength”; At ninety a bent body; At one hundred, as good as dead and gone completely out of the world. |
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15. Palestinian Talmud, Qiddushin, 4.5 (66a) (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 40 |
16. Palestinian Talmud, Kiddushin, 4.5 (66a) (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 40 |
17. Anon., Sifre Numbers, 92 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 40 | 92. " (Bamidbar 11:16) \"And the L-rd said to Moses: Gather unto Me seventy men from the elders of Israel, etc.\": Why (is this mentioned here)? Because Moses had said \"I cannot bear alone,\" the L-rd responded: What you have requested, I have granted. \"Gather unto Me\": that the Sanhedrin be in My name. Wherever \"unto Me\" is written, the understanding is \"forever.\" The Cohanim — (Shemot 28:41) \"that they minister unto Me.\" The Levites — (Bamidbar 8:14) \"and the Levites shall be unto Me.\" Israel — (Vayikra 25:35) \"For unto Me are the children of Israel servants.\" The first-born — (Bamidbar 8:17) \"For unto Me are all the first-born of the children of Israel.\" The sanctuary — (Shemot 25:8) \"And let them make unto Me a sanctuary.\" The altar — (Ibid. 20:24) \"An altar of earth shall you make unto Me.\" The oil of anointment — (Ibid. 30:31) \"Holy oil of anointment shall this be unto Me.\" The kings — (I Samuel 16:1) \"For I have seen among his sons a king unto Me.\" The offerings — (Bamidbar 28:2) \"to sacrifice unto Me in its appointed time.\" Unto Me, then, always connotes \"forever.\" (Bamidbar, Ibid. 16) \"seventy men\": There must be seventy in a Sanhedrin. \"seventy men\": They must be wise, strong, senior, and well-versed in the magic arts. \"from the elders of Israel\": Not in (only) one or two places does the L-rd accord honor to the elders, but in every place that you find, He does so, viz. (Shemot 3:16) \"Go and assemble the elders of Israel, etc.\", (Ibid. 24:1) \"And to Moses He said: Ascend to the L-rd, you and Aaron and Nadav and Avihu and seventy of the elders of Israel,\" (Ibid. 14) \"And to the elders He said: Wait for us here until we return to you,\" (Vayikra 9:1) \"And it was on the eighth day that Moses called to Aaron and to his sons and to the elders of Israel\" — Wherever you find elders, you find the L-rd according honor to the elders. R. Shimon b. Yochai says: Whence do you derive that it will also be thus in time to come? From (Isaiah 24:23) \"And the moon will be shamed and the sun abashed. For the L-rd of hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, and He will accord His elders honor.\" Now does it not follow a fortiori, viz.: If He who spoke and brought the world into being is destined to accord honor to the elders, how much more so should creatures of flesh and blood honor them! And thus do you find that the L-rd is aggrieved over (the suffering of) one elder over and against all of Israel, viz. (Ibid. 47:6) \"I have fumed against My people; I have profaned My heritage, etc.\" The L-rd, as it were, \"pardons\" everything, but (Ibid.) \"You have weighed your yoke exceedingly upon the elder\" (i.e., this cannot be pardoned). (Bamidbar, Ibid.) \"whom you know to be the elders of the people\": You must know that they are \"select\" men. \"that they are the elders of the people\": We are hereby taught that one is not elected to sit in council until people tend to speak in praise of him, viz.: \"That man is upright and pious and wise and fit to sit in council.\" \"and its officers\": those of whom it is written (Shemot 5:19) \"And the officers of the children of Israel saw them in their plight.\" Since they saw themselves as involved in their plight, let them come and share in their welfare. (Devarim, Ibid.) \"And you shall take them to the tent of meeting\": He said to them. \"Take them\" with words first, with words of praise, viz.: How fortunate you are to have been selected (for this honor) — and then \"hard\" words: Know that they are importunate and recalcitrant. Take them on this condition, that they will curse you and stone you. And stipulate the same to them. \"And have them stand there with you\": Take them in with you to the tent of meeting, and let all of Israel deport themselves to them with awe and fear and honor, as they do with you. And let them say: How beloved are these, who have entered with Moses to hear the word of the Holy One Blessed be He!", |
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18. Babylonian Talmud, Arakhin, 18b (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 35 |
19. Anon., Midrash Tannaim To Deut, 17.15 Tagged with subjects: •military conscription, age limits for Found in books: Schiffman, Testimony and the Penal Code (1983) 40 |