| 1. Sallust, Iugurtha, 110.8 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 259 |
2. Strabo, Geography, 16.4.18, 17.1.14, 17.3.7, 17.3.9 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 250, 259 | 16.4.18. Having given this account of the Troglodytae and of the neighbouring Ethiopians, Artemidorus returns to the Arabians. Beginning from Poseidium, he first describes those who border upon the Arabian Gulf, and are opposite to the Troglodytae. He says that Poseidium is situated within the bay of [Heroopolis], and that contiguous to Poseidium is a grove of palm trees, well supplied with water, which is highly valued, because all the district around is burnt up and is without water or shade. But there the fertility of the palm is prodigious. A man and a woman are appointed by hereditary right to the guardianship of the grove. They wear skins, and live on dates. They sleep in huts built on trees, the place being infested with multitudes of wild beasts.Next is the island of Phocae (Seals), which has its name from those animals, which abound there. Near it is a promontory, which extends towards Petra, of the Arabians called Nabataei, and to the country of Palestine, to this [island] the Minaei, Gerrhaei, and all the neighbouring nations repair with loads of aromatics.Next is another tract of sea-coast, formerly called the coast of the Maranitae, some of whom were husbandmen, others Scenitae; but at present it is occupied by Garindaei, who destroyed the former possessors by treachery. They attacked those who were assembled to celebrate some quinquennial festival, and put them to death; they then attacked and exterminated the rest of the tribe.Next is the Aelanitic Gulf and Nabataea, a country well peopled, and abounding in cattle. The islands which lie near, and opposite, are inhabited by people who formerly lived without molesting others, but latterly carried on a piratical warfare in rafts against vessels on their way from Egypt. But they suffered reprisals, when an armament was sent out against them, which devastated their country.Next is a plain, well wooded and well supplied with water; it abounds with cattle of all kinds, and, among other animals, mules, wild camels, harts, and hinds; lions also, leopards, and wolves are frequently to be found. In front lies an island called Dia. Then follows a bay of about 500 stadia in extent, closed in by mountains, the entrance into which is of difficult access. About it live people who are hunters of wild animals.Next are three desert islands, abounding with olive trees, not like those in our own country, but an indigenous kind, which we call Ethiopic olives, the tears (or gum) of which have a medicinal virtue.Then follows a stony beach, which is succeeded by a rugged coast, not easily navigated by vessels, extending about 1000 stadia. It has few harbours and anchorages, for a rugged and lofty mountain stretches parallel to it; then the parts at its base, extending into the sea, form rocks under water, which, during the blowing of the Etesian winds and the storms of that period, present dangers, when no assistance can be afforded to vessels.Next is a bay in which are some scattered islands, and continuous with the bay, are three very lofty mounds of black sand. After these is Charmothas a harbour, about 100 stadia in circumference, with a narrow entrance very dangerous for all kinds of vessels. A river empties itself into it. In the middle is a well-wooded island, adapted for cultivation.Then follows a rugged coast, and after that are some bays and a country belonging to Nomades, who live by their camels. They fight from their backs; they travel upon them, and subsist on their milk and flesh. A river flows through their country, which brings down gold-dust, but they are ignorant how to make any use of it. They are called Debae; some of them are Nomades, others husbandmen.I do not mention the greater part of the names of these nations, on account of the obscurity of the people, and because the pronunciation of them is strange [and uncouth].Near these people is a nation more civilized, who inhabit a district with a more temperate climate ; for it is well watered, and has frequent showers. Fossil gold is found there, not in the form of dust, but in lumps, which do not require much purification. The least pieces are of the size of a nut, the middle size of a medlar, the largest of a walnut. These are pierced and arranged alternately with transparent stones strung on threads and formed into collars. They are worn round the neck and wrists. They sell the gold to their neighbours at a cheap rate, exchanging it for three times the quantity of brass, and double the quantity of iron, through ignorance of the mode of working the gold, and the scarcity of the commodities received in exchange, which are more necessary for the purposes of life. 17.3.7. Although the Mauretanians inhabit a country, the greatest part of which is very fertile, yet the people in general continue even to this time to live like nomads. They bestow care to improve their looks by plaiting their hair, trimming their beards, by wearing golden ornaments, cleaning their teeth, and paring their nails; and you would rarely see them touch one another as they walk, lest they should disturb the arrangement of their hair.They fight for the most part on horseback, with a javelin; and ride on the bare back of the horse, with bridles made of rushes. They have also swords. The foot-soldiers present against the enemy, as shields, the skins of elephants. They wear the skins of lions, panthers, and bears, and sleep in them. These tribes, and the Masaesylii next to them, and for the most part the Africans in general, wear the same dress and arms, and resemble one another in other respects; they ride horses which are small, but spirited and tractable, so as to be guided by a switch. They have collars made of cotton or of hair, from which hangs a leading-rein. Some follow, like dogs, without being led.They have a small shield of leather, and small lances with broad heads. Their tunics are loose, with wide borders; their cloak is a skin, as I have said before, which serves also as a breastplate.The Pharusii and Nigretes, who live above these people, near the western Ethiopians, use bows and arrows, like the Ethiopians. They have chariots also, armed with scythes. The Pharusii rarely have any intercourse with the Mauretanians in passing through the desert country, as they carry skins filled with water, fastened under the bellies of their horses. Sometimes, indeed, they come to Cirta, passing through places abounding with marshes and lakes. Some of them are said to live like the Troglodytae, in caves dug in the ground. It is said that rain falls there frequently in summer, but that during the winter drought prevails. Some of the barbarians in that quarter wear the skins of serpents and fishes, and use them as coverings for their beds. Some say that the Mauretanians are Indians, who accompanied Hercules hither. A little before my time, the kings Bogus and Bocchus, allies of the Romans, possessed this country; after their death, Juba succeeded to the kingdom, having received it from Augustus Caesar, in addition to his paternal dominions. He was the son of Juba who fought, in conjunction with Scipio, against divus Caesar. Juba died lately, and was succeeded by his son Ptolemy, whose mother was the daughter of Antony and Cleopatra. |
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| 3. Silius Italicus, Punica, 3.303 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 259 |
4. Suetonius, Caligula, 35 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 250 | 35. He took from all the noblest of the city the ancient devices of their families, from Torquatus his collar, from Cincinnatus his lock of hair, from Gnaeus Pompeius the surname Great belonging to his ancient race. After inviting Ptolemy, whom I have mentioned before, to come from his kingdom and receiving him with honour, he suddenly had him executed for no other reason than that when giving a gladiatorial show, he noticed that Ptolemy on entering the theatre attracted general attention by the splendour of his purple cloak.,Whenever he ran across handsome men with fine heads of hair, he disfigured them by having the backs of their heads shaved. There was a certain Aesius Proculus, son of a chief centurion, called Colosseros because of his remarkable size and handsome appearance; this man Caligula ordered to be suddenly dragged from his seat in the amphitheatre and led into the arena, where he matched him first against a Thracian and then against a heavy-armed gladiator; when Proculus was victor in both contests, Caligula gave orders that he be bound at once, clad in rags, and then put to death, after first being led about the streets and exhibited to the women.,In short, there was no one of such low condition or such abject fortune that he did not envy him such advantages as he possessed. Since the king of Nemi had now held his priesthood for many years, he hired a stronger adversary to attack him. When an essedarius called Porius was vigorously applauded on the day of one of the games for setting his slave free after a victory, Caligula rushed from the amphitheatre in such haste that he trod on the fringe of his toga and went headlong down the steps, fuming and shouting: "The people that rule the world give more honour to a gladiator for a trifling act than to their deified emperors or to the one still present with them." |
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| 5. Suetonius, Claudius, 35 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 250 |
| 6. Tacitus, Annals, 4.23 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 250 |
| 7. Appian, The Punic Wars, 28 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 259 |
| 8. New Testament, Hebrews, 62 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer, Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity (2022) 427 |
| 9. Apuleius, Apology, 89.2 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •satafis, mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 574 |
| 10. Galen, On The Composition of Drugs According To Kind, 1 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 259 |
11. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 53.26, 60.8-60.9 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 250 | 53.26. Upon the conclusion of this war Augustus discharged the more aged of his soldiers and allowed them to found a city in Lusitania, called (Opens in another window)')" onMouseOut="nd();" Augusta Emerita. For those who were still of military age he arranged some exhibitions in the very camps, under the direction of Tiberius and Marcellus, since they were aediles., To Juba he gave portions of Gaetulia in return for the prince's hereditary domain, the most of whose inhabitants had been enrolled in the Roman state, and also the possessions of Bocchus and Bogud., On the death of Amyntas he did not entrust his kingdom to the sons of the deceased, but made it a part of the subject territory. Thus Galatia together with Lycaonia obtained a Roman governor, and the portions of Pamphylia formerly assigned to Amyntas were restored to their own district., About this same time Marcus Vinicius took vengeance upon some of the Germans because they had arrested and slain Romans who entered their country to trade with them; and thus he, too, caused the title of imperator to be bestowed upon Augustus., For this and his other exploits of this period a triumph, as well as the title, was voted to Augustus; but as he did not care to celebrate it, a triumphal arch was erected in the Alps in his honour and he was granted the right always to wear both the crown and the triumphal garb on the first day of the year. After these achievements in the wars Augustus closed the precinct of Janus, which had been opened because of these wars. 53.26. 1. Upon the conclusion of this war Augustus discharged the more aged of his soldiers and allowed them to found a city in Lusitania, called (Opens in another window)')" onMouseOut="nd();" Augusta Emerita. For those who were still of military age he arranged some exhibitions in the very camps, under the direction of Tiberius and Marcellus, since they were aediles.,2. To Juba he gave portions of Gaetulia in return for the prince's hereditary domain, the most of whose inhabitants had been enrolled in the Roman state, and also the possessions of Bocchus and Bogud.,3. On the death of Amyntas he did not entrust his kingdom to the sons of the deceased, but made it a part of the subject territory. Thus Galatia together with Lycaonia obtained a Roman governor, and the portions of Pamphylia formerly assigned to Amyntas were restored to their own district.,4. About this same time Marcus Vinicius took vengeance upon some of the Germans because they had arrested and slain Romans who entered their country to trade with them; and thus he, too, caused the title of imperator to be bestowed upon Augustus.,5. For this and his other exploits of this period a triumph, as well as the title, was voted to Augustus; but as he did not care to celebrate it, a triumphal arch was erected in the Alps in his honour and he was granted the right always to wear both the crown and the triumphal garb on the first day of the year. After these achievements in the wars Augustus closed the precinct of Janus, which had been opened because of these wars. |
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| 12. Augustine, Sermons, 326.2, 351.7 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer, Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity (2022) 427; de Ste. Croix et al., Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy (2006) 75 |
| 13. Augustine, Enarrationes In Psalmos, 64.6, 109.18, 130.4 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer, Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity (2022) 427 |
| 14. Augustine, De Sermone Domini In Monte Secundum Matthaeum, 26.53-26.54 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer, Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity (2022) 427 |
| 15. Augustine, Contra Litteras Petiliani Donatistae Cirtensis Episcopi, 2.241 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer, Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity (2022) 427 |
| 16. Augustine, Contra Epistolam Parmeniani, 2.7.12-8.16 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer, Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity (2022) 427 |
| 17. Justinian, Codex Justinianus, 10.53.7 (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Price, Finkelberg and Shahar, Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity (2021) 141 |
| 18. Fontes Iuris Romani Anteiustiniani (Fira), Fontes Iuris Romani Anteiustiniani (Fira), i55 Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis, province •saldae, mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 336 |
| 19. Papyri, Rdge, 58 Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis, province •saldae, mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 336 |
| 20. Epigraphy, Igls, 3.1 Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis, province •saldae, mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 336 |
| 21. Epigraphy, Illrp, 515 Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis, province •saldae, mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 336 |
| 22. Epigraphy, Ae, a b c d\n0 1946.3 1946.3 1946 3\n1 1969/70.71 1969/70.71 1969/70 71\n2 1978.503 1978.503 1978 503\n3 2004.976 2004.976 2004 976\n4 1989.520 1989.520 1989 520\n5 1994.1903 1994.1903 1994 1903\n6 1985.121 1985.121 1985 121 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Price, Finkelberg and Shahar, Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity (2021) 141 |
| 23. Epigraphy, Cil, 13.1393, 8.4600, 5.1028, 2.2236, 2.3872, 3.2127a, 3.13822, 8.20743, 13.423, 8.2728, 6.37045, i2.709, 8.212, 8.11300b, 6.10736, 8.20288, 6.40704, 6.2051, 8.24, 5.8016, 8.5526 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Price, Finkelberg and Shahar, Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity (2021) 141 |
| 24. Epigraphy, Ils, 1470, 2254, 241, 4431, 4534, 5795, 7766-7767, 7774, 8888, 7765 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Price, Finkelberg and Shahar, Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity (2021) 141 |
| 25. Epigraphy, Irt, 232 Tagged with subjects: •sitifis, mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 191 |
| 26. Epigraphy, Ig, 14.1337 Tagged with subjects: •satafis, mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 574 |
| 27. Augustine of Hippo, Legatio, 58 Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer, Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity (2022) 427 |
| 28. Epigraphy, Cfa, 13, 40 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 191 |
| 29. Epigraphy, Cle, 1552a Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis, province Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson, The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (2015) 765 |
| 30. Pseudo-Caesar, De Bello Africo, 3 Tagged with subjects: •mauretania caesariensis Found in books: Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 259 |
