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subject book bibliographic info
magistrate Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 299, 371
Kapparis (2021), Women in the Law Courts of Classical Athens, 72, 121, 153, 189, 195, 206, 212, 215, 229, 240
Maier and Waldner (2022), Desiring Martyrs: Locating Martyrs in Space and Time, 47, 90, 102, 178, 188
Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 11, 22, 23, 29, 31, 32, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 51, 52, 55, 76, 82, 85, 92, 95, 96, 98, 99, 108, 109, 113, 121, 147, 148, 149, 155, 164, 175, 179, 181, 191, 215, 228, 230, 278, 281
magistrate, agonothetes Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 294, 323, 327, 331
magistrate, antiochus iv epiphanes, depicted as roman Avemarie, van Henten, and Furstenberg (2023), Jewish Martyrdom in Antiquity, 34
magistrate, archidioiketes Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 290
magistrate, auspicato, obtained by Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 40, 43
magistrate, carried in procession, torches, of Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 9, 183
magistrate, ceius secundus, l., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 233
magistrate, cluentius proculus c., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 231
magistrate, cluvius, n., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 237
magistrate, demiourgos Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 290, 298
magistrate, dioiketes Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 222
magistrate, epidius sabinus, m., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 242
magistrate, epistrategos Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 109
magistrate, grammateus Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 333
magistrate, horatius victor, l., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 237
magistrate, iulius demosthenes, c., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 256, 257, 361, 435
magistrate, iulius quintilianus, ti., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 231
magistrate, lucretius fronto, m., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 232
magistrate, lucretius satrius valens, d., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 243
magistrate, marcellinus Kahlos (2019), Religious Dissent in Late Antiquity, 350-450, 72, 73
magistrate, marius fronto, m., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 238
magistrate, nonius balbus, m., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 117
magistrate, part of played Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 8, 176
magistrate, porcius, m., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 235
magistrate, presiding at election, vitio creatus or factus, fault of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 186, 276
magistrate, purple, of Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 8, 176
magistrate, quinctilius a.f. priscus, a., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 499, 500
magistrate, quinctius valgus, c., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 235
magistrate, sextilius rufus, p., local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 237
magistrate, stele of thespiai Lalone (2019), Athena Itonia: Geography and Meaning of an Ancient Greek War Goddess, 155, 157
magistrate, strategos Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 85, 107, 352
magistrate, to exercise powers, lictors, needed by Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 64, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 94, 95, 96
magistrate, torches, of Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 8, 176
magistrate, vitio creatus, terentius varro, m., on Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 88, 89, 94
magistrate, zosimus Cosgrove (2022), Music at Social Meals in Greek and Roman Antiquity: From the Archaic Period to the Age of Augustine, 245, 246
magistrates Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 8, 10, 20, 21, 34, 35, 36, 44, 85, 116, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 140, 142
Feldman, Goldman and Dimant (2014), Scripture and Interpretation: Qumran Texts That Rework the Bible 276, 285, 286, 320, 354
Fertik (2019), The Ruler's House: Contesting Power and Privacy in Julio-Claudian Rome, 3, 53, 54
Martens (2003), One God, One Law: Philo of Alexandria on the Mosaic and Greco-Roman Law, 43
Mathews (2013), Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John, 145
Rupke (2016), Religious Deviance in the Roman World Superstition or Individuality?, 24
Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 27, 31, 51, 65, 71, 72, 74, 80, 86, 95, 130, 162, 198, 254, 274, 276, 277, 278
Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 5, 7, 14, 86, 108, 128, 196, 243, 277, 338
magistrates, abdication, of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 61, 62, 76, 123, 135, 171, 175, 189, 190, 294
magistrates, advocates, and Humfress (2007), Oppian's Halieutica: Charting a Didactic Epic, 51, 52
magistrates, and appointment of advocates Humfress (2007), Oppian's Halieutica: Charting a Didactic Epic, 99, 100
magistrates, and calendar Rüpke (2011), The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine Time, History and the Fasti 19, 36, 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 72, 148, 149
magistrates, and calendar, lists of Rüpke (2011), The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine Time, History and the Fasti 15, 17, 19, 101, 106
magistrates, and provincials, roman provinces governors Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 41, 42, 52, 54, 56, 61, 67, 75, 170, 171, 191, 209, 214, 236
magistrates, auspicia, and the nomination of Dignas Parker and Stroumsa (2013), Priests and Prophets Among Pagans, Jews and Christians, 23
magistrates, authority, of the Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 25, 88, 98, 134, 135
magistrates, cities, administration/councils Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 32, 34, 46, 52, 53, 55, 58, 67, 74, 75, 117, 133, 182, 183, 191, 202, 222
magistrates, civic Dignas (2002), Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, 140, 141, 151, 152, 155
Thonemann (2020), An Ancient Dream Manual: Artemidorus' the Interpretation of Dreams, 11, 47, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 125, 126, 164, 165, 178, 179, 206, 207
magistrates, crown, of Martin (2009), Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes, 24, 25, 167
magistrates, dictator, authority over/suspension of other Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 16, 17, 30, 33, 78, 79, 81, 82, 84, 95, 96, 98, 99, 201, 203
magistrates, entering office Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 45, 46, 55, 56
magistrates, entry into office, rituals, for Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019), Esther Eidinow, Ancient Divination and Experience, 187
magistrates, epistulae, letters, formal, state Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 279
magistrates, eponymous Hallmannsecker (2022), Roman Ionia: Constructions of Cultural Identity in Western Asia Minor, 152, 153, 154, 156, 159
magistrates, fasti capitolini, and abdication of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 178, 179, 189, 190, 282
magistrates, fasti capitolini, and death of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 177, 178
magistrates, fasti, lists of local Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 227
magistrates, festivals, of as euergetai Kalinowski (2021), Memory, Family, and Community in Roman Ephesos, 175
magistrates, function independently of superior, magistrates, Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 96, 112, 113, 114, 200, 201
magistrates, have auspices Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 42, 43, 59
magistrates, herdsman, and protection of Miller and Clay (2019), Tracking Hermes, Pursuing Mercury, 249, 253
magistrates, honours, for Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 298, 302, 303, 304, 305
magistrates, in fasti capitolini, on Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 9
magistrates, in office, interregnum, impossible with patrician Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 171, 172, 173, 175, 189, 190
magistrates, livy, on dictator and other Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 66, 67, 81, 82, 84, 85, 94
magistrates, maiestas, of husbands, of Kaster(2005), Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome, 26
magistrates, municipal Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 25, 30, 159, 160, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 242, 243, 244, 245, 264, 266, 302, 499, 500, 501, 502, 506, 507, 521, 522, 523, 544, 551, 563, 564, 575
magistrates, municipal, greek east Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 255, 256, 257, 258
magistrates, municipal, judicial powers Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 313
magistrates, municipal, powers of Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 229
magistrates, non-annual, cumulation of with others Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 127, 128
magistrates, non-annual, termination of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 123, 135
magistrates, not inaugurated Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 40
magistrates, of Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 80, 158
magistrates, patrician Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 17, 78, 79, 97, 98, 127, 128, 171, 175, 179, 180, 189, 190
magistrates, plutarch of khaironeia, on dictator and other Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 66, 67, 79, 80, 81, 82, 96
magistrates, pray and sacrifice for athens Parker (2005), Polytheism and Society at Athens, 95, 96, 97
magistrates, priests, and Dignas (2002), Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, 69, 147, 148, 154, 189, 198, 247
magistrates, provincial Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 66, 67, 72, 103, 121, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 158, 160, 167, 168
magistrates, roman priests, and Dignas Parker and Stroumsa (2013), Priests and Prophets Among Pagans, Jews and Christians, 19
magistrates, sacrifices, and Mikalson (2010), Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy, 103, 104, 107, 108
magistrates, service as de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 95
magistrates, state Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 100, 161, 162, 308, 309
magistrates, technically not Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82
magistrates, terms of augurium, and Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 144, 145
magistrates, under appian of alexandria, on dictator, termination of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 79, 82, 84
magistrates, under dictator, dionysios of halikarnassos, on Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 79, 82, 83, 84
magistrates, under dictator, polybios of megalopolis, on suspension of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84
magistrates, valerius messalla rufus, m., on auspices of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 85, 97, 98, 101
magistrates, vitio creatus or factus Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 47, 61, 62, 77, 88, 212
magistrates’, dress, civic Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 30, 240, 286
magistrates’, dress, curule Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 38, 54, 72, 80, 81, 82, 83, 108, 142, 286
magistrate’s Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 279
magistrate’s, auspicato, validity of Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 17, 40, 46, 47, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 126, 127, 144, 194, 205, 243, 244, 245, 284, 285
magistrate’s, subsequent actions, vitium, taints Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 40, 56, 59, 60, 100, 101, 115, 163, 167, 191, 194
magistrate”, the paphlagonians, “king Papadodima (2022), Ancient Greek Literature and the Foreign: Athenian Dialogues II, 63, 64, 69, 77

List of validated texts:
20 validated results for "magistrate"
1. Xenophon, Memoirs, 2.2.13 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • magistrates, pray and sacrifice for Athens • sacrifices, and magistrates

 Found in books: Mikalson (2010), Greek Popular Religion in Greek Philosophy, 104; Parker (2005), Polytheism and Society at Athens, 97

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2.2.13 ἔγωγε, ἔφη. εἶτα τούτων μὲν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι παρεσκεύασαι, τὴν δὲ μητέρα τὴν πάντων μάλιστά σε φιλοῦσαν οὐκ οἴει δεῖν θεραπεύειν; οὐκ οἶσθʼ ὅτι καὶ ἡ πόλις ἄλλης μὲν ἀχαριστίας οὐδεμιᾶς ἐπιμελεῖται οὐδὲ δικάζει, ἀλλὰ περιορᾷ τοὺς εὖ πεπονθότας χάριν οὐκ ἀποδόντας, ἐὰν δέ τις γονέας μὴ θεραπεύῃ, τούτῳ δίκην τε ἐπιτίθησι καὶ ἀποδοκιμάζουσα οὐκ ἐᾷ ἄρχειν τοῦτον, ὡς οὔτε ἂν τὰ ἱερὰ εὐσεβῶς θυόμενα ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως τούτου θύοντος οὔτε ἄλλο καλῶς καὶ δικαίως οὐδὲν ἂν τούτου πράξαντος; καὶ νὴ Δία ἐάν τις τῶν γονέων τελευτησάντων τοὺς τάφους μὴ κοσμῇ, καὶ τοῦτο ἐξετάζει ἡ πόλις ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἀρχόντων δοκιμασίαις.'' None		sup>
2.2.13 And yet, when you are resolved to cultivate these, you don’t think courtesy is due to your mother, who loves you more than all? Don’t you know that even the state ignores all other forms of ingratitude and pronounces no judgment on them, Cyropaedia I. ii. 7. caring nothing if the recipient of a favour neglects to thank his benefactor, but inflicts penalties on the man who is discourteous to his parents and rejects him as unworthy of office, holding that it would be a sin for him to offer sacrifices on behalf of the state and that he is unlikely to do anything else honourably and rightly? Aye, and if one fail to honour his parents’ graves, the state inquires into that too, when it examines the candidates for office. '' None
2. Cicero, On Divination, 1.3, 1.27-1.28, 2.72-2.74 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • abdication, of magistrates • auspicato, validity of magistrate’s • legitimacy, of magisterial power • lictors, needed by magistrate to exercise powers • magistrates • magistrates, entering office • magistrates, have auspices

 Found in books: Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 42, 45, 64, 244, 284, 294; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 27

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1.3 Quam vero Graecia coloniam misit in Aeoliam, Ioniam, Asiam, Siciliam, Italiam sine Pythio aut Dodonaeo aut Hammonis oraculo? aut quod bellum susceptum ab ea sine consilio deorum est? Nec unum genus est divinationis publice privatimque celebratum. Nam, ut omittam ceteros populos, noster quam multa genera conplexus est! Principio huius urbis parens Romulus non solum auspicato urbem condidisse, sed ipse etiam optumus augur fuisse traditur. Deinde auguribus et reliqui reges usi, et exactis regibus nihil publice sine auspiciis nec domi nec militiae gerebatur. Cumque magna vis videretur esse et inpetriendis consulendisque rebus et monstris interpretandis ac procurandis in haruspicum disciplina, omnem hanc ex Etruria scientiam adhibebant, ne genus esset ullum divinationis, quod neglectum ab iis videretur.
1.27 Itaque, ut ex ipso audiebam, persaepe revertit ex itinere, cum iam progressus esset multorum dierum viam. Cuius quidem hoc praeclarissimum est, quod, posteaquam a Caesare tetrarchia et regno pecuniaque multatus est, negat se tamen eorum auspiciorum, quae sibi ad Pompeium proficiscenti secunda evenerint, paenitere; senatus enim auctoritatem et populi Romani libertatem atque imperii dignitatem suis armis esse defensam, sibique eas aves, quibus auctoribus officium et fidem secutus esset, bene consuluisse; antiquiorem enim sibi fuisse possessionibus suis gloriam. Ille mihi videtur igitur vere augurari. Nam nostri quidem magistratus auspiciis utuntur coactis; necesse est enim offa obiecta cadere frustum ex pulli ore, cum pascitur; 1.28 quod autem scriptum habetis †aut tripudium fieri, si ex ea quid in solidum ceciderit, hoc quoque, quod dixi, coactum tripudium solistimum dicitis. Itaque multa auguria, multa auspicia, quod Cato ille sapiens queritur, neglegentia collegii amissa plane et deserta sunt. Nihil fere quondam maioris rei nisi auspicato ne privatim quidem gerebatur, quod etiam nunc nuptiarum auspices declarant, qui re omissa nomen tantum tenent. Nam ut nunc extis (quamquam id ipsum aliquanto minus quam olim), sic tum avibus magnae res inpetriri solebant. Itaque, sinistra dum non exquirimus, in dira et in vitiosa incurrimus.
2.72 Hoc intellegere perfecti auguris est; illi autem, qui in auspicium adhibetur, cum ita imperavit is, qui auspicatur: dicito, si silentium esse videbitur, nec suspicit nec circumspicit; statim respondet silentium esse videri. Tum ille: dicito, si pascentur .— Pascuntur .— Quae aves? aut ubi? Attulit, inquit, in cavea pullos is, qui ex eo ipso nominatur pullarius. Haec sunt igitur aves internuntiae Iovis! quae pascantur necne, quid refert? Nihil ad auspicia; sed quia, cum pascuntur, necesse est aliquid ex ore cadere et terram pavire (terripavium primo, post terripudium dictum est; hoc quidem iam tripudium dicitur)—cum igitur offa cecidit ex ore pulli, tum auspicanti tripudium solistimum nuntiatur. 2.73 Ergo hoc auspicium divini quicquam habere potest, quod tam sit coactum et expressum? Quo antiquissumos augures non esse usos argumento est, quod decretum collegii vetus habemus omnem avem tripudium facere posse. Tum igitur esset auspicium (si modo esset ei liberum) se ostendisse; tum avis illa videri posset interpres et satelles Iovis; nunc vero inclusa in cavea et fame enecta si in offam pultis invadit, et si aliquid ex eius ore cecidit, hoc tu auspicium aut hoc modo Romulum auspicari solitum putas? 2.74 Iam de caelo servare non ipsos censes solitos, qui auspicabantur? Nunc imperant pullario; ille renuntiat. Fulmen sinistrum auspicium optumum habemus ad omnis res praeterquam ad comitia; quod quidem institutum rei publicae causa est, ut comitiorum vel in iudiciis populi vel in iure legum vel in creandis magistratibus principes civitatis essent interpretes. At Ti. Gracchi litteris Scipio et Figulus consules, cum augures iudicassent eos vitio creatos esse, magistratu se abdicaverunt. Quis negat augurum disciplinam esse? divinationem nego. At haruspices divini; quos cum Ti. Gracchus propter mortem repentinam eius, qui in praerogativa referenda subito concidisset, in senatum introduxisset, non iustum rogatorem fuisse dixerunt.'' None		sup>
1.3 And, indeed, what colony did Greece ever send into Aeolia, Ionia, Asia, Sicily, or Italy without consulting the Pythian or Dodonian oracle, or that of Jupiter Hammon? Or what war did she ever undertake without first seeking the counsel of the gods? 2 Nor is it only one single mode of divination that has been employed in public and in private. For, to say nothing of other nations, how many our own people have embraced! In the first place, according to tradition, Romulus, the father of this City, not only founded it in obedience to the auspices, but was himself a most skilful augur. Next, the other Roman kings employed augurs; and, again, after the expulsion of the kings, no public business was ever transacted at home or abroad without first taking the auspices. Furthermore, since our forefathers believed that the soothsayers art had great efficacy in seeking for omens and advice, as well as in cases where prodigies were to be interpreted and their effects averted, they gradually introduced that art in its entirety from Etruria, lest it should appear that any kind of divination had been disregarded by them.
1.3 Therefore Ateius, by his announcement, did not create the cause of the disaster; but having observed the sign he simply advised Crassus what the result would be if the warning was ignored. It follows, then, that the announcement by Ateius of the unfavourable augury had no effect; or if it did, as Appius thinks, then the sin is not in him who gave the warning, but in him who disregarded it.17 And whence, pray, did you augurs derive that staff, which is the most conspicuous mark of your priestly office? It is the very one, indeed with which Romulus marked out the quarter for taking observations when he founded the city. Now this staffe is a crooked wand, slightly curved at the top, and, because of its resemblance to a trumpet, derives its name from the Latin word meaning the trumpet with which the battle-charge is sounded. It was placed in the temple of the Salii on the Palatine hill and, though the temple was burned, the staff was found uninjured.
1.27 This is why, as he told me himself, he had time and again abandoned a journey even though he might have been travelling for many days. By the way, that was a very noble utterance of his which he made after Caesar had deprived him of his tetrarchy and kingdom, and had forced him to pay an indemnity too. Notwithstanding what has happened, said he, I do not regret that the auspices favoured my joining Pompey. By so doing I enlisted my military power in defence of senatorial authority, Roman liberty, and the supremacy of the empire. The birds, at whose instance I followed the course of duty and of honour, counselled well, for I value my good name more than riches. His conception of augury, it seems to me, is the correct one.For with us magistrates make use of auspices, but they are forced auspices, since the sacred chickens in eating the dough pellets thrown must let some fall from their beaks. 1.28 But, according to the writings of you augurs, a tripudium results if any of the food should fall to the ground, and what I spoke of as a forced augur your fraternity calls as tripudium solistimum. And so through the indifference of the college, as Cato the Wise laments, many auguries and auspices have been entirely abandoned and lost.16 In ancient times scarcely any matter out of the ordinary was undertaken, even in private life, without first consulting the auspices, clear proof of which is given even at the present time by our custom of having nuptial auspices, though they have lost their former religious significance and only preserve the name. For just as to‑day on important occasions we make use of entrails in divining — though even they are employed to a less extent than formerly — so in the past resort was usually had to divination by means of birds. And thus it is that by failing to seek out the unpropitious signs we run into awful disasters.
2.72 To understand that belongs to a perfect augur.) After the celebrant has said to his assistant, Tell me when silence appears to exist, the latter, without looking up or about him, immediately replies, Silence appears to exist. Then the celebrant says, Tell me when the chickens begin to eat. They are eating now, is the answer. But what are these birds they are talking about, and where are they? Someone replies, Its poultry. Its in a cage and the person who brought it is called a poulterer, because of his business. These, then, are the messengers of Jove! What difference does it make whether they eat or not? None, so far as the auspices are concerned. But, because of the fact that, while they eat, some food must necessarily fall from their mouths and strike upon the ground (terram pavire), — this at first was called terripavium, and later, terripudium; now it is called tripudium — therefore, when a crumb of food falls from a chickens mouth a tripudium solistimum is announced to the celebrant. 35 2.73 Then, how can there be anything divine about an auspice so forced and so extorted? That such a practice did not prevail with the augurs of ancient times is proven by an old ruling of our college which says, Any bird may make a tripudium. There might be an auspice if the bird were free to show itself outside its cage. In that case it might be called the interpreter and satellite of Jove. But now, when shut up inside a cage and tortured by hunger, if it seizes greedily upon its morsel of pottage and something falls from its mouth, do you consider that is an auspice? Or do you believe that this was the way in which Romulus used to take the auspices? 2.74 Again, do you not think that formerly it was the habit of the celebrants themselves to make observation of the heavens? Now they order the poulterer, and he gives responses! We regard lightning on the left as a most favourable omen for everything except for an election, and this exception was made, no doubt, from reasons of political expediency so that the rulers of the State would be the judges of the regularity of an election, whether held to pass judgements in criminal cases, or to enact laws, or to elect magistrates.The consuls, Scipio and Figulus, you say, resigned their office when the augurs rendered a decision based on a letter written by Tiberius Gracchus, to the effect that those consuls had not been elected according to augural law. Who denies that augury is an art? What I deny is the existence of divination. But you say: Soothsayers have the power of divination; and you mention the fact that, on account of the unexpected death of the person who had suddenly fallen while bringing in the report of the vote of the prerogative century, Tiberius Gracchus introduced the soothsayers into the Senate and they declared that the president had violated augural law.'' None
3. Polybius, Histories, 6.56.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • dress, curule magistrates’ • vitium, taints magistrate’s subsequent actions

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 38; Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 191

sup>
6.56.9 ἐμοί γε μὴν δοκοῦσι τοῦ πλήθους χάριν τοῦτο πεποιηκέναι.'' None		sup>
6.56.9 \xa0My own opinion at least is that they have adopted this course for the sake of the common people. <'' None
4. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Magistrates • Terentius Varro, M., on magistrate vitio creatus • auspicato, validity of magistrate’s • legitimacy, of magisterial power • lictors, needed by magistrate to exercise powers • magistrates and calendar • magistrates, entering office • vitio creatus or factus, magistrates

 Found in books: Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 21; Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 46, 47, 77, 88, 212; Rüpke (2011), The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine Time, History and the Fasti 45, 46, 48, 56
5. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Magistrates • auspicato, obtained by magistrate • auspicato, validity of magistrate’s • magistrates • magistrates, not inaugurated • vitium, taints magistrate’s subsequent actions

 Found in books: Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 36; Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 40; Rupke (2016), Religious Deviance in the Roman World Superstition or Individuality?, 24
6. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Magistrates • auspicato, validity of magistrate’s • magistrates • magistrates, have auspices • vitium, taints magistrate’s subsequent actions

 Found in books: Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 10; Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 59; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 80, 198
7. Tacitus, Annals, 4.6, 4.22, 14.13 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • magistrate • magistrates • magistrates (in senate) absence,, dress • magistrates (in senate) absence,, involvement in cases • magistrates (in senate) absence,, right to speak

 Found in books: Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 128; Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 218, 263, 481; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 179, 181

sup>
4.6 Congruens crediderim recensere ceteras quoque rei publicae partis, quibus modis ad eam diem habitae sint, quoniam Tiberio mutati in deterius principatus initium ille annus attulit. iam primum publica negotia et privatorum maxima apud patres tractabantur, dabaturque primoribus disserere et in adulationem lapsos cohibebat ipse; mandabatque honores, nobilitatem maiorum, claritudinem militiae, inlustris domi artes spectando, ut satis constaret non alios potiores fuisse. sua consulibus, sua praetoribus species; minorum quoque magistratuum exercita potestas; legesque, si maiestatis quaestio eximeretur, bono in usu. at frumenta et pecuniae vectigales, cetera publicorum fructuum societatibus equitum Romanorum agitabantur. res suas Caesar spectatissimo cuique, quibusdam ignotis ex fama mandabat, semelque adsumpti tenebantur prorsus sine modo, cum plerique isdem negotiis insenescerent. plebes acri quidem annona fatigabatur, sed nulla in eo culpa ex principe: quin infecunditati terrarum aut asperis maris obviam iit, quantum impendio diligentiaque poterat. et ne provinciae novis oneribus turbarentur utque vetera sine avaritia aut crudelitate magistratuum tolerarent providebat: corporum verbera, ademptiones bonorum aberant. rari per Italiam Caesaris agri, modesta servitia, intra paucos libertos domus; ac si quando cum privatis disceptaret, forum et ius.
4.6 Haec atque talia audienti nihil quidem pravae cogitationis, sed interdum voces procedebant contumaces et inconsultae, quas adpositi custodes exceptas auctasque cum deferrent neque Neroni defendere daretur, diversae insuper sollicitudinum formae oriebantur. nam alius occursum eius vitare, quidam salutatione reddita statim averti, plerique inceptum sermonem abrumpere, insistentibus contra inridentibusque qui Seiano fautores aderant. enimvero Tiberius torvus aut falsum renidens vultu: seu loqueretur seu taceret iuvenis, crimen ex silentio, ex voce. ne nox quidem secura, cum uxor vigilias somnos suspiria matri Liviae atque illa Seiano patefaceret; qui fratrem quoque Neronis Drusum traxit in partis, spe obiecta principis loci si priorem aetate et iam labefactum demovisset. atrox Drusi ingenium super cupidinem potentiae et solita fratribus odia accendebatur invidia quod mater Agrippina promptior Neroni erat. neque tamen Seianus ita Drusum fovebat ut non in eum quoque semina futuri exitii meditaretur, gnarus praeferocem et insidiis magis opportunum.
4.22 Per idem tempus Plautius Silvanus praetor incertis causis Aproniam coniugem in praeceps iecit, tractusque ad Caesarem ab L. Apronio socero turbata mente respondit, tamquam ipse somno gravis atque eo ignarus, et uxor sponte mortem sumpsisset. non cunctanter Tiberius pergit in domum, visit cubiculum, in quo reluctantis et impulsae vestigia cernebantur. refert ad senatum, datisque iudici- bus Vrgulania Silvani avia pugionem nepoti misit. quod perinde creditum quasi principis monitu ob amicitiam Augustae cum Vrgulania. reus frustra temptato ferro venas praebuit exolvendas. mox Numantina, prior uxor eius, accusata iniecisse carminibus et veneficiis vaecordiam marito, insons iudicatur.
14.13 Tamen cunctari in oppidis Campaniae, quonam modo urbem ingrederetur, an obsequium senatus, an studia plebis reperiret anxius: contra deterrimus quisque, quorum non alia regia fecundior extitit, invisum Agrippinae nomen et morte eius accensum populi favorem disserunt: iret intrepidus et venerationem sui coram experiretur; simul praegredi exposcunt. et promptiora quam promiserant inveniunt, obvias tribus, festo cultu senatum, coniugum ac liberorum agmina per sexum et aetatem disposita, extructos, qua incederet, spectaculorum gradus, quo modo triumphi visuntur. hinc superbus ac publici servitii victor Capitolium adiit, grates exolvit seque in omnis libidines effudit quas male coercitas qualiscumque matris reverentia tardaverat.'' None		sup>
4.6 \xa0It will be opportune, I\xa0take it, as this year brought the opening stages of deterioration in the principate of Tiberius, to review in addition the other departments of state and the methods by which they were administered up to that period. First, then, public affairs â\x80\x94 together with private affairs of exceptional moment â\x80\x94 were treated in the senate, and discussion was free to the leading members, their lapses into subserviency being checked by the sovereign himself. In conferring offices, he took into view the nobility of a candidate's ancestry, the distinction of his military service, or the brilliance of his civil attainments, and left it sufficiently clear that no better choice had been available. The consulate had its old prestige; so had the praetorship: the powers even of the minor magistracies were exercised; and the laws, apart from the process in cases of treason, were in proper force. On the other hand, the corn-tribute, the monies from indirect taxation, and other public revenues, were handled by companies of Roman knights. The imperial property was entrusted by Caesar to men of tested merit, at times to a personal stranger on the strength of his reputation; and his agents, once installed, were retained quite indefinitely, many growing grey in the service originally entered. The populace, it is true, was harassed by exorbitant food-prices, but in that point no blame attached to the emperor: he spared, indeed, neither expense nor pains in order to neutralize the effects of unfruitful soils or boisterous seas. He saw to it that the provinces were not disturbed by fresh impositions and that the incidence of the old was not aggravated by magisterial avarice or cruelty: corporal punishment and the forfeiture of estates were not in vogue. His demesnes in Italy were few, his establishment of slaves unassuming, his household limited to a small number of freedmen; and, in the event of a dispute between himself and a private citizen, the decision rested with a court of justice. <" "
4.22 \xa0About this time, the praetor Plautius Silvanus, for reasons not ascertained, flung his wife Apronia out of the window, and, when brought before the emperor by his father-inâ\x80\x91law, Lucius Apronius, gave an incoherent reply to the effect that he had himself been fast asleep and was therefore ignorant of the facts; his wife, he thought, must have committed suicide. Without any hesitation, Tiberius went straight to the house and examined the bedroom, in which traces were visible of resistance offered and force employed. He referred the case to the senate, and a judicial committee had been formed, when Silvanus' grandmother Urgulania sent her descendant a dagger. In view of Augusta's friendship with Urgulania, the action was considered as equivalent to a hint from the emperor: the accused, after a fruitless attempt with the weapon, arranged for his arteries to be opened. Shortly afterwards, his first wife Numantina, charged with procuring the insanity of her husband by spells and philtres, was adjudged innocent." 14.13 \xa0And yet he dallied in the towns of Campania, anxious and doubtful how to make his entry into Rome. Would he find obedience in the senate? enthusiasm in the crowd? Against his timidity it was urged by every reprobate â\x80\x94 and a court more prolific of reprobates the world has not seen â\x80\x94 that the name of Agrippina was abhorred and that her death had won him the applause of the nation. Let him go without a qualm and experience on the spot the veneration felt for his position! At the same time, they demanded leave to precede him. They found, indeed, an alacrity which surpassed their promises: the tribes on the way to meet him; the senate in festal dress; troops of wives and of children disposed according to their sex and years, while along his route rose tiers of seats of the type used for viewing a triumph. Then, flushed with pride, victor over the national servility, he made his way to the Capitol, paid his grateful vows, and abandoned himself to all the vices, till now retarded, though scarcely repressed, by some sort of deference to his mother. <'" None
8. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • magistrate • senate, in Latin and Greek,, elects magistrates

 Found in books: Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 342; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 149
9. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • dress, curule magistrates’ • magistrate

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 108; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 164, 230
10. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Cities, administration/councils, magistrates • magistrate

 Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 34; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 230
11. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 42.20, 56.31.3, 72.21.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • abdication, of magistrates • dress, civic magistrates’ • dress, curule magistrates’ • magistrate • magistrates • magistrates (in senate) absence,, dress • magistrates (in senate) absence,, seating • magistrates, non-annual, termination of

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 30; Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 135; Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 86; Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 123, 218; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 37

sup>
42.20 1. \xa0They granted him, then, permission to do whatever he wished to those who had favoured Pompey's cause, not that he had not already received this right from himself, but in order that he might seem to be acting with some show of legal authority. They appointed him arbiter of war and peace with all mankind â\x80\x94 using the conspirators in Africa as a pretext â\x80\x94 without the obligation even of making any communication on the subject to the people or the senate.,2. \xa0This, of course, also lay in his power before, inasmuch as he had so large an armed force; at any rate the wars he had fought he had undertaken on his own authority in nearly every case. Nevertheless, because they wished still to appear to be free and independent citizens, they voted him these rights and everything else which it was in his power to have even against their will.,3. \xa0Thus he received the privilege of being consul for five consecutive years and of being chosen dictator, not for six months, but for an entire year, and he assumed the tribunician authority practically for life; for he secured the right of sitting with the tribunes upon the same benches and of being reckoned with them for other purposes â\x80\x94 a\xa0privilege which was permitted to no one.,4. \xa0All the elections except those of the plebs now passed into his hands, and for this reason they were delayed till after his arrival and were held toward the close of the year. In the case of the governorships in subject territory the citizens pretended to allot themselves those which fell to the consuls, but voted that Caesar should give the others to the praetors without the casting of lots; for they had gone back to consuls and praetors again contrary to their decree.,5. \xa0And they also granted another privilege, which was customary, to be sure, but in the corruption of the times might cause hatred and resentment: they decreed that Caesar should hold a triumph for the war against Juba and the Romans who fought with him, just as if had been the victor, although, as a matter of fact, he had not then so much as heard that there was to be such a war." "
56.31.3 \xa0Tiberius and his son Drusus wore dark clothing made for use in the Forum. They, too, offered incense, but did not employ a flute-player. Most of the members sat in their accustomed places, but the consuls sat below, one on the praetors' bench and the other on that of the tribunes. After this Tiberius was absolved for having touched the corpse, a forbidden act, and for having escorted it on its journey, although the\xa0.\xa0.\xa0." " None
12. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Magistrate, part of, played • Purple, of magistrate • Torches, of magistrate • dress, civic magistrates’ • magistrates, civic

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 240; Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 176; Thonemann (2020), An Ancient Dream Manual: Artemidorus' the Interpretation of Dreams, 206
13. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Magistrates, provincial • magistrate

 Found in books: Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 72; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 76
14. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • magistrates • magistrates (in senate) absence,, right to speak • magistrates and calendar

 Found in books: Rüpke (2011), The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine Time, History and the Fasti 149; Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 5; Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 234
15. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • magistrate • magistrates (in senate) absence,, ineligibility to vote

 Found in books: Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 282; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 175
16. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • magistrates

 Found in books: Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 86; Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 338
17. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Magistrates • magistrates and calendar

 Found in books: Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 21; Rüpke (2011), The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine Time, History and the Fasti 48
18. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.3.3
 Tagged with subjects: • Magistrates • magistrates

 Found in books: Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 10, 132; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 254

sup>
1.3.3 C. Cornelius Hispallus, a praetor of foreigners, in the time when M. Popilius Laenas and L. Calpurnius were consuls, by edict commanded the Chaldeans to depart out of Italy, who by their false interpretations of the stars cast a profitable mist before the eyes of shallow and foolish characters. The same person banished those who with a counterfeit worship of Jupiter Sabazius sought to corrupt Roman customs.'' None
19. None, None, nan
 Tagged with subjects: • Livy, on dictator and other magistrates • Terentius Varro, M., on magistrate vitio creatus • lictors, needed by magistrate to exercise powers • magistrates

 Found in books: Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 94; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 71
20. None, None, nan
 Tagged with subjects: • magistrates and calendar • state magistrates

 Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 308; Rüpke (2011), The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine Time, History and the Fasti 51



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