1. Hebrew Bible, Esther, 1.21-1.22 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 237| 1.21. "וַיִּיטַב הַדָּבָר בְּעֵינֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִים וַיַּעַשׂ הַמֶּלֶךְ כִּדְבַר מְמוּכָן׃", 1.22. "וַיִּשְׁלַח סְפָרִים אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָה וּמְדִינָה כִּכְתָבָהּ וְאֶל־עַם וָעָם כִּלְשׁוֹנוֹ לִהְיוֹת כָּל־אִישׁ שֹׂרֵר בְּבֵיתוֹ וּמְדַבֵּר כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ׃", | 1.21. "And the word pleased the king and the princes; and the king did according to the word of Memucan;", 1.22. "for he sent letters into all the king’s provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and speak according to the language of his people.", |
|
2. Homer, Iliad, 2.867-2.868 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 | 2.867. / the two sons of TaIaemenes, whose mother was the nymph of the Gygaean lake; and they led the Maeonians, whose birth was beneath Tmolas.And Nastes again led the Carians, uncouth of speech, who held Miletus and the mountain of Phthires, dense with its leafage, and the streams of Maeander, and the steep crests of Mycale. 2.868. / the two sons of TaIaemenes, whose mother was the nymph of the Gygaean lake; and they led the Maeonians, whose birth was beneath Tmolas.And Nastes again led the Carians, uncouth of speech, who held Miletus and the mountain of Phthires, dense with its leafage, and the streams of Maeander, and the steep crests of Mycale. |
|
| 3. Polyaenus, Stratagems, 7.3 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 |
4. Strabo, Geography, 14.2.28, 16.2.5 Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234, 236, 358 | 14.2.28. When the poet says,Masthles in turn led the Carians, of barbarian speech, we have no reason to inquire how it is that, although he knew so many barbarian tribes, he speaks of the Carians alone as of barbarian speech, but nowhere speaks of barbarians. Thucydides, therefore, is not correct, for he says that Homer did not use the term 'barbarians' either, because the Hellenes on their part had not yet been distinguished under one name as opposed to them; for the poet himself refutes the statement that the Hellenes had not yet been so distinguished when he says,My husband, whose fame is wide through Hellas and mid- Argos. And again,And if thou dost wish to journey through Hellas and mid- Argos. Further, if they were not called barbarians, how could they properly be called a people of barbarian speech? So neither Thucydides is correct, nor Apollodorus the grammarian, who says that the general term was used by the Hellenes in a peculiar and abusive sense against the Carians, and in particular by the Ionians, who hated them because of their enmity and the continuous military campaigns; for it was right to name them barbarians in this sense. But I raise the question, Why does he call them people of barbarian speech, but not even once calls them barbarians? Because, Apollodorus replies, the plural does not fall in with the metre; this is why he does not call them barbarians. But though this case does not fall in with metre, the nominative case does not differ metrically from that of Dardanians: Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians. So, also, the word Trojan, inof what kind the Trojan horses are. Neither is he correct when he says that the language of the Carians is very harsh, for it is not, but even has very many Greek words mixed up with it, according to the Philip who wrote The Carica. I suppose that the word barbarian was at first uttered onomatopoetically in reference to people who enunciated words only with difficulty and talked harshly and raucously, like our words battarizein, traulizein, and psellizein; for we are by nature very much inclined to denote sounds by words that sound like them, on account of their homogeneity. Wherefore onomatopoetic words abound in our language, as, for example, celaryzein, and also clange, psophos, boe, and crotos, most of which are by now used in their proper sense. Accordingly, when all who pronounced words thickly were being called barbarians onomatopoetically, it appeared that the pronunciations of all alien races were likewise thick, I mean of those that were not Greek. Those, therefore, they called barbarians in the special sense of the term, at first derisively, meaning that they pronounced words thickly or harshly; and then we misused the word as a general ethnic term, thus making a logical distinction between the Greeks and all other races. The fact is, however, that through our long acquaintance and intercourse with the barbarians this effect was at last seen to be the result, not of a thick pronunciation or any natural defect in the vocal organs, but of the peculiarities of their several languages. And there appeared another faulty and barbarian-like pronunciation in our language, whenever any person speaking Greek did not pronounce it correctly, but pronounced the words like barbarians who are only beginning to learn Greek and are unable to speak it accurately, as is also the case with us in speaking their languages. This was particularly the case with the Carians, for, although the other peoples were not yet having very much intercourse with the Greeks nor even trying to live in Greek fashion or to learn our language — with the exception, perhaps, of rare persons who by chance, and singly, mingled with a few of the Greeks — yet the Carians roamed throughout the whole of Greece, serving on expeditions for pay. Already, therefore, the barbarous element in their Greek was strong, as a result of their expeditions in Greece; and after this it spread much more, from the time they took up their abode with the Greeks in the islands; and when they were driven thence into Asia, even here they were unable to live apart from the Greeks, I mean when the Ionians and Dorians later crossed over to Asia. The term barbarize, also, has the same origin; for we are wont to use this too in reference to those who speak Greek badly, not to those who talk Carian. So, therefore, we must interpret the terms speak barbarously and barbarously-speaking as applying to those who speak Greek badly. And it was from the term Carise that the term barbarize was used in a different sense in works on the art of speaking Greek; and so was the term soloecise, whether derived from Soli, or made up in some other way. 16.2.5. Antioch is the metropolis of Syria. A palace was constructed there for the princes of the country. It is not much inferior in riches and magnitude to Seleuceia on the Tigris and Alexandreia in Egypt.[Seleucus] Nicator settled here the descendants of Triptolemus, whom we have mentioned a little before. On this account the people of Antioch regard him as a hero, and celebrate a festival to his honour on Mount Casius near Seleuceia. They say that when he was sent by the Argives in search of Io, who first disappeared at Tyre, he wandered through Cilicia; that some of his Argive companions separated from him and founded Tarsus; that the rest attended him along the sea-coast, and, relinquishing their search, settled with him on the banks of the Orontes; that Gordys the son of Triptolemus, with some of those who had accompanied his father, founded a colony in Gordyaea, and that the descendants of the rest became settlers among the inhabitants of Antioch. |
|
| 5. Epigraphy, Tam, 2.1, 2.158-2.160, 2.262 Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 237, 247, 248 |
6. Anon., Letter of Aristeas, 16, 15 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 233, 234 | 15. our deeds to give the lie to our words. Since the law which we wish not only to transcribe but also to translate belongs to the whole Jewish race, what justification shall we be able to find for our embassy while such vast numbers of them remain in a state of slavery in your kingdom? In the perfection and wealth of your clemency release those who are held in such miserable bondage, since as I have been at pains to discover, the God who gave them their law is the God who maintains your kingdom. They worship the same God - the Lord and Creator of the Universe, as all other men, as we ourselves, O king, though we call him by different names, such as Zeus or |
|
| 7. Epigraphy, I.Kaunos, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 248 |
| 8. Epigraphy, Ig I , 1344 Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 |
| 9. Epigraphy, Labraunda, 42 Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 10. Epigraphy, Seg, 27.929, 28.1224, 36.122, 36.1218, 38.1476, 40.98, 40.991, 40.996, 49.1076 Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 237, 247, 248 |
| 11. Epigraphy, Stratonikeia, 2, 503 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 12. Epigraphy, Syll. , None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 13. Epigraphy, I. Sultan Daği, 1.393 Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 358 |
| 14. Canali De Rossi, F. 2004. Iscrizioni, I. Amyzon, 4, 2 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 15. Epigraphy, I. Tralleis, 33 Tagged with subjects: •lykia, asia minor Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
