1. Cassius Hemina, Annales, f41 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 178 |
2. Cicero, On Friendship, 96 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 173, 174 |
3. Cicero, De Lege Agraria, 2.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 170 | 2.10. And, O Romans, a promised liberality which, however you may be encouraged by words to expect it, cannot be performed by any possible means without exhausting the treasury, ought not to appear to you an agreeable measure, or one calculated to promote your real interests. Nor are the disturbances of the courts of justice, and the reversals of judicial decisions, and the restoration of convicted persons to be considered as measures advantageous to the people; for they are rather the preludes to the total ruin of cities whose affairs are already in a falling and almost desperate state. Nor, if any men promise lands to the Roman people, or if they hold out to you, under false pretences, hopes of such things, while in secret they are keeping entirely different objects in view, are they to be thought devoted to the true interests of the people. 5. For I will speak the truth, O Romans; I cannot find fault with the general principle of an agrarian law, for it occurs to my mind that two most illustrious men, two most able men, two men most thoroughly attached to the Roman people, Tiberius and Caius Gracchus, established the people on public domains which had previously been occupied by private individuals. Nor am I a consul of such opinions as to think it wrong, as most men do, to praise the Gracchi; by whose counsels, and wisdom, and laws, I see that many parts of the republic have been greatly strengthened. |
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4. Sallust, Historiae, 1.11 m (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 178 |
5. Ovid, Fasti, 5.279-5.294 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 182 5.279. ‘cetera luxuriae nondum instrumenta vigebant, 5.280. aut pecus aut latam dives habebat humum; 5.281. hinc etiam locuples, hinc ipsa pecunia dicta est. 5.282. sed iam de vetito quisque parabat opes: 5.283. venerat in morem populi depascere saltus, 5.284. idque diu licuit, poenaque nulla fuit. 5.285. vindice servabat nullo sua publica volgus; 5.286. iamque in privato pascere inertis erat. 5.287. plebis ad aediles perducta licentia talis 5.288. Publicios: animus defuit ante viris. 5.289. rem populus recipit, multam subiere nocentes: 5.290. vindicibus laudi publica cura fuit. 5.291. multa data est ex parte mihi, magnoque favore 5.292. victores ludos instituere novos. 5.293. parte locant clivum, qui tunc erat ardua rupes: 5.294. utile nunc iter est, Publiciumque vocant.’ | 5.279. ‘Goddess’, I replied: ‘What’s the origin of the games?’ 5.280. I’d barely ended when she answered me: 5.281. ‘Rich men owned cattle or tracts of land, 5.282. Other means of wealth were then unknown, 5.283. So the words ‘rich’ (locuples) from ‘landed’ (locus plenus), 5.284. And ‘money’ (pecunia) from ‘a flock’ (pecus), but already 5.285. Some had unlawful wealth: by custom, for ages, 5.286. Public lands were grazed, without penalty. 5.287. Folk had no one to defend the common rights: 5.288. Till at last it was foolish to use private grazing. 5.289. This licence was pointed out to the Publicii, 5.290. The plebeian aediles: earlier, men lacked confidence. 5.291. The case was tried before the people: the guilty fined: 5.292. And the champions praised for their public spirit. 5.293. A large part of the fine fell to me: and the victor 5.294. Instituted new games to loud applause. Part was allocated |
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6. Livy, Per., 11, 14, 58 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 170, 217 |
7. Livy, History, 4.25.13, 5.30.8-5.30.9, 6.4.4-6.4.5, 6.5.8, 6.21.4, 6.35-6.42, 6.35.4-6.35.5, 6.37.2, 6.39.9, 6.41.11, 7.15.11, 7.16.9, 8.21.11, 10.13.14, 10.23.13, 33.42.10-33.42.11, 34.4.8, 35.10.11-35.10.12 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 50, 164, 165, 166, 167, 173, 175, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184 4.25.13. placet tollendae ambitionis causa tribunos legem promulgare, ne cui album in vestimentum addere petitionis causa liceret. parva nunc res et vix serio agenda videri possit, quae tune tunc ingenti certamine patres ac plebem accendit. 34.4.8. nulla erat luxuria, quae coerceretur. sicut ante morbos necesse est cognitos esse quam remedia eorum, sic cupiditates prius natae sunt quam leges quae iis modum facerent. 35.10.11. cum pro C. Laelio niteretur, Africanus valuit. postero die praetores creati L. Scribonius Libo M. Fulvius Centumalus A. Atilius Serranus M. Baebius Tamphilus L. Valerius Tappo Q. Salonius Sarra. aedilitas insigms insignis eo anno fuit M. Aemilii Lepidi et L. Aemilii Pauli; 35.10.12. multos pecuarios damnarunt; ex ea pecunia clipea inaurata in fastigio lovis Iovis aedis posuerunt, porticum unam extra portam Trigeminam, emporio ad Tiberim adiecto, alteram ab porta Fontinali ad Martis aram, qua in Campum iter esset, perduxerunt. | |
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8. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 14.102.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 178 |
9. Plutarch, Cato The Elder, 21.5-21.8 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 185 21.6. ἐχρήσατο δὲ καὶ τῷ διαβεβλημένῳ μάλιστα τῶν δανεισμῶν ἐπὶ ναυτικοῖς τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον, ἐκέλευε τοὺς δανειζομένους ἐπὶ κοινωνίᾳ πολλοὺς παρακαλεῖν, γενομένων δὲ πεντήκοντα καὶ πλοίων τοσούτων αὐτὸς εἶχε μίαν μερίδα διὰ Κουϊντίωνος ἀπελευθέρου τοῖς δανειζομένοις συμπραγ ματ ευ ο μὲν ου καὶ συμπλέοντος. ἦν δʼ οὖν οὐκ εἰς ἅπαν ὁ κίνδυνος, ἀλλʼ εἰς μέρος μικρὸν ἐπὶ κέρδεσι μεγάλοις. 21.7. ἐδίδου δὲ καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν τοῖς βουλομένοις ἀργύριον οἱ δʼ ἐωνοῦντο παῖδας, εἶτα τούτους ἀσκήσαντες καὶ διδάξαντες ἀναλώμασι τοῦ Κάτωνος μετʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἀπεδίδοντο. πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ κατεῖχεν ὁ Κάτων, ὅσην ὁ πλείστην διδοὺς ἐωνεῖτο τιμὴν ὑπολογιζόμενος. | 21.6. 21.7. |
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10. Plutarch, Camillus, 39.5-39.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 166, 173, 181 |
11. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 18.7, 18.17-18.18 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 166, 173, 180, 181, 184 |
12. Plutarch, Crassus, 2.9-2.10 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 184 |
13. Plutarch, Moralia, 194e (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 184 |
14. Seneca The Younger, De Beneficiis, 7.7.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 184 |
15. Appian, Civil Wars, 1.8.33-1.8.34, 1.9.37-1.9.38, 1.11.46 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 185, 217 |
16. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 4.3.5, 8.6.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 166, 181, 183, 184 | 4.3.5. M'. Curius, a most upright specimen of Roman frugality, as well as a perfect example of courage, was not ashamed to show himself sitting upon a rustic stool before the fire eating from a wooden platter - you may guess at his how simple the food was. He despised the riches of the Samnites, and the Samnites wondered at his poverty. For when they brought him a great weight of gold, sent to him by their countrymen as a present, and politely asked him to accept it, he fell into laughter, and presently said, "You have come here upon a needless, if I may not call it foolish embassy. Go tell the Samnites that Curius had rather command rich men than be rich himself; and carry back that precious gift invented for the evil of mankind; and remember that I can neither be overcome in battle, nor be corrupted with money." |
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17. Gellius, Attic Nights, 6.3, 20.1.23 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 163, 164, 166 | 6.3. What Tullius Tiro, Cicero's freedman, criticized in the speech which Marcus Cato delivered in the senate in defence of the Rhodians; and our answer to his strictures. The State of Rhodes is famed for the happy situation of the island, its celebrated works of art, its skill in seamanship and its naval victories. Although a friend and ally of the Roman people, that State was on cordial terms with Perses, son of Philip and king of Macedon, with whom the Romans were at war; accordingly, the Rhodians often sent envoys to Rome and tried to reconcile the contending parties. But when their attempts at peace-making failed, many of the Rhodians harangued the people in their assemblies, agreeing that if peace were not made, the Rhodians should aid the king in his contest with the people of Rome. but as to that question no official action was taken. When, however, Perses was defeated and taken prisoner, the Rhodians were in great fear because of what had been said and done on many occasions in the popular assemblies; and they sent envoys to Rome, to apologize for the hastiness of some of their fellow-citizens and vindicate their loyalty as a community. When the envoys reached Rome and were admitted to the senate, after having humbly pleaded their cause they left the House, and the senators were called upon for their opinions. When some of the members complained of the Rhodians, declaring that they had been disloyal, and recommended that war be declared upon them, then Marcus Cato arose. He endeavoured to defend and save our very good and faithful allies, to whom many of the most distinguished senators were hostile through a desire to plunder and possess their wealth; and he delivered that famous speech entitled For the Rhodians, which is included in the fifth book of his Origins and is also in circulation as a separate publication. Now Tullius Tiro, Marcus Cicero's freedman, was unquestionably a man of refined taste and by no means unacquainted with our early history and literature. He had been liberally educated from his earliest years, and Cicero found in him an assistant, and in a sense a partner, in his literary work. But surely Tiro showed more presumption than can be tolerated or excused. For he wrote a letter to Quintus Axius, a friend of his patron, with excessive assurance and warmth, in which, as he imagined, he criticized that speech For the Rhodians with keen and fine judgment. It chanced to take my fancy to touch upon certain of the animadversions which he makes in that letter, and I shall doubtless be the more readily pardoned for finding fault with Tiro, because he took Cato to task. His first charge was that Cato, "ignorantly and absurdly," to use Tiro's own language, made use of a preamble which was excessively severe and fault-finding, in which he declared that he feared lest the fathers, having their minds upset by joy and exultation at their success, might act unwisely and be in no state of mind for understanding and deliberating aright. Tiro says: "Advocates who are pleading for clients ought in their opening remarks to win over and propitiate the jurors with complimentary and respectful language; they ought, while their minds, as they wait to hear the case, are still in suspense and cool, to render them complacent, and not to arouse contradiction by insults and arrogant threats." Then he has given us Cato's own preamble, which runs as follows: "I am aware that in happy, successful and prosperous times the minds of most men are wont to be puffed up, and their arrogance and self-confidence to wax and swell. Therefore I am now gravely concerned, since this enterprise has gone on so successfully, lest something adverse may happen in our deliberations, to bring to naught our good fortune, and lest this joy of ours become too extravagant. Adversity subdues and shows what ought to be done; prosperity, since it inspires joy, commonly turns men aside from wise counsel and right understanding. Therefore it is with the greater emphasis that I advise and urge that this matter be put off for a few days, until we regain our self-command after so great rejoicing." "Then what Cato says next," continues Tiro, "amounts to a confession rather than a defence; for it does not contain a refutation or shifting of the charge, but the sharing of it with many others, which of course amounts to nothing in the way of excuse. Moreover," says Tiro, "he also acknowledges that the Rhodians, who were accused of favouring the king's cause against the Roman people and wishing him success, did so from motives of self-interest, for fear that the Romans, already proud and self-confident, with the addition of a victory over king Perses might become immoderately insolent." And he gives Cato's own words, as follows: "And I really think that the Rhodians did not wish us to end the war as we did, with a victory over king Perses. But it was not the Rhodians alone who had that feeling, but I believe that many peoples and many nations agreed with them. And I am inclined to think that some of them did not wish us success, not in order that we might be disgraced, but because they feared that if there were no one of whom we stood in dread, we would do whatever we chose. I think, then, that it was with an eye to their own freedom that they held that opinion, in order not to be under our sole dominion and enslaved to us. But for all that, the Rhodians never publicly aided Perses. Reflect how much more cautiously we deal with one another as individuals. For each one of us, if he thinks that anything is being done contrary to his interests, strives with might and main to prevent it; but they in spite of all permitted this very thing to happen." Now as to his criticism of Cato's introduction, Tiro ought to have known that although Cato defended the Rhodians, he did so as a senator who had been consul and censor and was recommending what he thought was best for the public welfare, not as an advocate pleading the cause of the accused. For one kind of introduction is appropriate for a man who is defending clients before jurors and striving in every way to excite pity and compassion; quite another for a man of eminent authority, when the senate is asked for its opinion on a matter of State, and when, indigt at the highly unjust opinions of some of the members, he gives plain and emphatic expression at once to his indignation and his sorrow, speaking in behalf of the public welfare and the safety of our allies. |
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18. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 36.22 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 173, 183 |
19. Festus Sextus Pompeius, De Verborum Significatione, 276l, 47.1-2l (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 182 |
20. Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, 2.6.3 Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 166, 169 |
21. Zonaras, Epitome, 7.24.7-7.24.13 Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 173 |
22. Anon., Xii Tables, 5.4-5.5 Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 177 |
24. Fronto, Ant., 1.5.3 Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 174 |
27. Columella, Agr., 1.3.10-1.3.11 Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 166, 173, 174, 180, 181, 184 |
31. Cato Maior, Orat., 167 m Tagged with subjects: •lex licinia de modo agrorum Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard, Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic (2020) 163, 164 |