1. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 5.16, 5.21, 5.24, 23.10-23.15, 25.25-25.28, 27.13, 27.15, 27.17-27.19, 27.27, 27.31 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 44, 45, 50, 154, 159| 5.16. "וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר חָטָא מִן־הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּם וְאֶת־חֲמִישִׁתוֹ יוֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן אֹתוֹ לַכֹּהֵן וְהַכֹּהֵן יְכַפֵּר עָלָיו בְּאֵיל הָאָשָׁם וְנִסְלַח לוֹ׃", 5.21. "נֶפֶשׁ כִּי תֶחֱטָא וּמָעֲלָה מַעַל בַּיהוָה וְכִחֵשׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ בְּפִקָּדוֹן אוֹ־בִתְשׂוּמֶת יָד אוֹ בְגָזֵל אוֹ עָשַׁק אֶת־עֲמִיתוֹ׃", 5.24. "אוֹ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׁבַע עָלָיו לַשֶּׁקֶר וְשִׁלַּם אֹתוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וַחֲמִשִׁתָיו יֹסֵף עָלָיו לַאֲשֶׁר הוּא לוֹ יִתְּנֶנּוּ בְּיוֹם אַשְׁמָתוֹ׃", 23.11. "וְהֵנִיף אֶת־הָעֹמֶר לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לִרְצֹנְכֶם מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת יְנִיפֶנּוּ הַכֹּהֵן׃", 23.12. "וַעֲשִׂיתֶם בְּיוֹם הֲנִיפְכֶם אֶת־הָעֹמֶר כֶּבֶשׂ תָּמִים בֶּן־שְׁנָתוֹ לְעֹלָה לַיהוָה׃", 23.13. "וּמִנְחָתוֹ שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים סֹלֶת בְּלוּלָה בַשֶּׁמֶן אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ וְנִסְכֹּה יַיִן רְבִיעִת הַהִין׃", 23.14. "וְלֶחֶם וְקָלִי וְכַרְמֶל לֹא תֹאכְלוּ עַד־עֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה עַד הֲבִיאֲכֶם אֶת־קָרְבַּן אֱלֹהֵיכֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם בְּכֹל מֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם׃", 23.15. "וּסְפַרְתֶּם לָכֶם מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת מִיּוֹם הֲבִיאֲכֶם אֶת־עֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת תְּמִימֹת תִּהְיֶינָה׃", 25.25. "כִּי־יָמוּךְ אָחִיךָ וּמָכַר מֵאֲחֻזָּתוֹ וּבָא גֹאֲלוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו וְגָאַל אֵת מִמְכַּר אָחִיו׃", 25.26. "וְאִישׁ כִּי לֹא יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ גֹּאֵל וְהִשִּׂיגָה יָדוֹ וּמָצָא כְּדֵי גְאֻלָּתוֹ׃", 25.27. "וְחִשַּׁב אֶת־שְׁנֵי מִמְכָּרוֹ וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת־הָעֹדֵף לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר מָכַר־לוֹ וְשָׁב לַאֲחֻזָּתוֹ׃", 25.28. "וְאִם לֹא־מָצְאָה יָדוֹ דֵּי הָשִׁיב לוֹ וְהָיָה מִמְכָּרוֹ בְּיַד הַקֹּנֶה אֹתוֹ עַד שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל וְיָצָא בַּיֹּבֵל וְשָׁב לַאֲחֻזָּתוֹ׃", 27.13. "וְאִם־גָּאֹל יִגְאָלֶנָּה וְיָסַף חֲמִישִׁתוֹ עַל־עֶרְכֶּךָ׃", 27.15. "וְאִם־הַמַּקְדִּישׁ יִגְאַל אֶת־בֵּיתוֹ וְיָסַף חֲמִישִׁית כֶּסֶף־עֶרְכְּךָ עָלָיו וְהָיָה לוֹ׃", 27.17. "אִם־מִשְּׁנַת הַיֹּבֵל יַקְדִּישׁ שָׂדֵהוּ כְּעֶרְכְּךָ יָקוּם׃", 27.18. "וְאִם־אַחַר הַיֹּבֵל יַקְדִּישׁ שָׂדֵהוּ וְחִשַּׁב־לוֹ הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף עַל־פִּי הַשָּׁנִים הַנּוֹתָרֹת עַד שְׁנַת הַיֹּבֵל וְנִגְרַע מֵעֶרְכֶּךָ׃", 27.19. "וְאִם־גָּאֹל יִגְאַל אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶה הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֹתוֹ וְיָסַף חֲמִשִׁית כֶּסֶף־עֶרְכְּךָ עָלָיו וְקָם לוֹ׃", 27.27. "וְאִם בַּבְּהֵמָה הַטְּמֵאָה וּפָדָה בְעֶרְכֶּךָ וְיָסַף חֲמִשִׁתוֹ עָלָיו וְאִם־לֹא יִגָּאֵל וְנִמְכַּר בְּעֶרְכֶּךָ׃", 27.31. "וְאִם־גָּאֹל יִגְאַל אִישׁ מִמַּעַשְׂרוֹ חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ יֹסֵף עָלָיו׃", | 5.16. "And he shall make restitution for that which he hath done amiss in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt-offering, and he shall be forgiven.", 5.21. "If any one sin, and commit a trespass against the LORD, and deal falsely with his neighbour in a matter of deposit, or of pledge, or of robbery, or have oppressed his neighbour;", 5.24. "or any thing about which he hath sworn falsely, he shall even restore it in full, and shall add the fifth part more thereto; unto him to whom it appertaineth shall he give it, in the day of his being guilty.", 23.10. "Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When ye are come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring the sheaf of the first-fruits of your harvest unto the priest.", 23.11. "And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you; on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.", 23.12. "And in the day when ye wave the sheaf, ye shall offer a he-lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt-offering unto the LORD.", 23.13. "And the meal-offering thereof shall be two tenth parts of an ephah of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour; and the drink-offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.", 23.14. "And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor fresh ears, until this selfsame day, until ye have brought the offering of your God; it is a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.", 23.15. "And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the day of rest, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the waving; seven weeks shall there be complete;", 25.25. "If thy brother be waxen poor, and sell some of his possession, then shall his kinsman that is next unto him come, and shall redeem that which his brother hath sold.", 25.26. "And if a man have no one to redeem it, and he be waxen rich and find sufficient means to redeem it;", 25.27. "then let him count the years of the sale thereof, and restore the overplus unto the man to whom he sold it; and he shall return unto his possession.", 25.28. "But if he have not sufficient means to get it back for himself, then that which he hath sold shall remain in the hand of him that hath bought it until the year of jubilee; and in the jubilee it shall go out, and he shall return unto his possession.", 27.13. "But if he will indeed redeem it, then he shall add the fifth part thereof unto thy valuation.", 27.15. "And if he that sanctified it will redeem his house, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy valuation unto it, and it shall be his.", 27.17. "If he sanctify his field from the year of jubilee, according to thy valuation it shall stand.", 27.18. "But if he sanctify his field after the jubilee, then the priest shall reckon unto him the money according to the years that remain unto the year of jubilee, and an abatement shall be made from thy valuation.", 27.19. "And if he that sanctified the field will indeed redeem it, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy valuation unto it, and it shall be assured to him.", 27.27. "And if it be of an unclean beast, then he shall ransom it according to thy valuation, and shall add unto it the fifth part thereof; or if it be not redeemed, then it shall be sold according to thy valuation.", 27.31. "And if a man will redeem aught of his tithe, he shall add unto it the fifth part thereof.", |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Micah, 7.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 157| 7.2. "תִּתֵּן אֱמֶת לְיַעֲקֹב חֶסֶד לְאַבְרָהָם אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לַאֲבֹתֵינוּ מִימֵי קֶדֶם׃", 7.2. "אָבַד חָסִיד מִן־הָאָרֶץ וְיָשָׁר בָּאָדָם אָיִן כֻּלָּם לְדָמִים יֶאֱרֹבוּ אִישׁ אֶת־אָחִיהוּ יָצוּדוּ חֵרֶם׃", | 7.2. "The godly man is perished out of the earth, And the upright among men is no more; They all lie in wait for blood; They hunt every man his brother with a net.", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, 2 Kings, 6.25 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 50| 6.25. "וַיְהִי רָעָב גָּדוֹל בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן וְהִנֵּה צָרִים עָלֶיהָ עַד הֱיוֹת רֹאשׁ־חֲמוֹר בִּשְׁמֹנִים כֶּסֶף וְרֹבַע הַקַּב חרייונים [דִּבְיוֹנִים] בַּחֲמִשָּׁה־כָסֶף׃", | 6.25. "And there was a great famine in Samaria; and, behold, they besieged it, until an ass’s head was sold for fourscore pieces of silver, and the fourth part of a kab of dove’s dung for five pieces of silver.", |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Habakkuk, 1.15-1.17 (8th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 157| 1.15. "כֻּלֹּה בְּחַכָּה הֵעֲלָה יְגֹרֵהוּ בְחֶרְמוֹ וְיַאַסְפֵהוּ בְּמִכְמַרְתּוֹ עַל־כֵּן יִשְׂמַח וְיָגִיל׃", 1.16. "עַל־כֵּן יְזַבֵּחַ לְחֶרְמוֹ וִיקַטֵּר לְמִכְמַרְתּוֹ כִּי בָהֵמָּה שָׁמֵן חֶלְקוֹ וּמַאֲכָלוֹ בְּרִאָה׃", 1.17. "הַעַל כֵּן יָרִיק חֶרְמוֹ וְתָמִיד לַהֲרֹג גּוֹיִם לֹא יַחְמוֹל׃", | 1.15. "They take up all of them with the angle, They catch them in their net, And gather them in their drag; Therefore they rejoice and exult.", 1.16. "Therefore they sacrifice unto their net, And offer unto their drag; Because by them their portion is fat, And their food plenteous.", 1.17. "Shall they therefore empty their net, And not spare to slay the nations continually?", |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 32.3 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 157| 32.3. "שָׁמָּה נְסִיכֵי צָפוֹן כֻּלָּם וְכָל־צִדֹנִי אֲשֶׁר־יָרְדוּ אֶת־חֲלָלִים בְּחִתִּיתָם מִגְבוּרָתָם בּוֹשִׁים וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ עֲרֵלִים אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶרֶב וַיִּשְׂאוּ כְלִמָּתָם אֶת־יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר׃", 32.3. "כֹּה אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה וּפָרַשְׂתִּי עָלֶיךָ אֶת־רִשְׁתִּי בִּקְהַל עַמִּים רַבִּים וְהֶעֱלוּךָ בְּחֶרְמִי׃", | 32.3. "Thus saith the Lord GOD: I will therefore spread out My net over thee With a company of many peoples; And they shall bring thee up in My net.", |
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| 6. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 6.15-6.17, 9.11, 16.14-16.17 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160 |
| 7. Dead Sea Scrolls, (Cairo Damascus Covenant) Cd-A, 6.15-6.17, 9.11, 16.14-16.17 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160 |
| 8. Anon., Testament of Moses, 5.5-5.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 160 |
9. Philo of Alexandria, On The Special Laws, 2.37 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 45, 159 | 2.37. And if the thing which he has vowed be his house, again he must have the priest for a valuer. But those who may chance to buy it shall not pay an equal ransom for it; but if the man who has vowed it chooses to ransom it, he shall pay its price and a fifth besides, punishing his own rashness and impetuous desire for his two faults, his rashness for making the vow, and his impetuous desire for wishing for things back again which he had before abandoned. But if any one else brings it he shall not pay more than its value. |
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10. New Testament, Mark, 7.9-7.13 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 229| 7.9. καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς Καλῶς ἀθετεῖτε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν τηρήσητε· 7.10. Μωυσῆς γὰρ εἶπεν Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου, καί Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητερα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω· 7.11. ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε Ἐὰν εἴπῃ ἄνθρωπος τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί Κορβάν, ὅ ἐστιν Δῶρον, ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς, 7.12. οὐκέτι ἀφίετε αὐτὸν οὐδὲν ποιῆσαι τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, 7.13. ἀκυροῦντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ παραδόσει ὑμῶν ᾗ παρεδώκατε· καὶ παρόμοια τοιαῦτα πολλὰ ποιεῖτε. | 7.9. He said to them, "Full well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 7.10. For Moses said, 'Honor your father and your mother;' and, 'He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.' 7.11. But you say, 'If a man tells his father or his mother, "Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban, that is to say, given to God;"' 7.12. then you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother, 7.13. making void the word of God by your tradition, which you have handed down. You do many things like this." |
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11. New Testament, Romans, 11.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 229| 11.16. εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀπαρχὴ ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα· καὶ εἰ ἡ ῥίζα ἁγία, καὶ οἱ κλάδοι. | 11.16. If the first fruit is holy, so is the lump. If the root is holy, so are the branches. |
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12. Mishnah, Sanhedrin, 1.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 44, 155| 1.3. "סְמִיכַת זְקֵנִים וַעֲרִיפַת עֶגְלָה, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה. הַחֲלִיצָה וְהַמֵּאוּנִין, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה. נֶטַע רְבָעִי וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁאֵין דָּמָיו יְדוּעִין, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה. הַהֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה. הָעֲרָכִין הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד מֵהֶן כֹּהֵן. וְהַקַּרְקָעוֹת, תִּשְׁעָה וְכֹהֵן. וְאָדָם, כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן: \n", | 1.3. "The laying on of the elders’ hands and the breaking of the heifer’s neck [are decided upon] by three, according to Rabbi Shimon. But Rabbi Judah says: “By five.” The rites of halitzah and “refusal” [are performed] before three. The fruit of fourth year plantings and Second Tithes whose value is not known [are redeemed] before three. Things dedicated to the Temple [are redeemed] before three. Vows of evaluation to be redeemed with movable property, [are evaluated] before three. Rabbi Judah says: “One must be a priest.” [Vows of evaluation], [to be redeemed] with land [are evaluated] before nine and a priest. And similarly [for the evaluation] of a man.", |
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13. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 7.426-7.430 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 124 | 7.426. 3. So Ptolemy complied with his proposals, and gave him a place one hundred and eighty furlongs distant from Memphis. That Nomos was called the Nomos of Heliopoli 7.427. where Onias built a fortress and a temple, not like to that at Jerusalem, but such as resembled a tower. He built it of large stones to the height of sixty cubits; 7.428. he made the structure of the altar in imitation of that in our own country, and in like manner adorned with gifts, excepting the make of the candlestick, 7.429. for he did not make a candlestick, but had a [single] lamp hammered out of a piece of gold, which illuminated the place with its rays, and which he hung by a chain of gold; 7.430. but the entire temple was encompassed with a wall of burnt brick, though it had gates of stone. The king also gave him a large country for a revenue in money, that both the priests might have a plentiful provision made for them, and that God might have great abundance of what things were necessary for his worship. |
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14. Tosefta, Ketuvot, 11.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 155| 11.2. "כשם שאלמנה מוכרת שלא בב\"ד כך יורשיה הבאין ברשותה מוכרין שלא בב\"ד ר\"ש אומר אלמנה מוכרת שלא בב\"ד ואין יורשיה הבאין ברשותה מוכרין שלא בב\"ד אמר ר\"ש מפני מה אמרו אלמנה מוכרת שלא בב\"ד ליפות כוחן של יתומים שלא תבזבז את נכסיהם ירדה לשדה העשויה אפותיקי ואכלה והוציאה הוצאות שמין לה מה שאכלה ושמין לזו מה שהוציאה אם שמו לה [בב\"ד] מה ששמו שמו.", | 11.2. "Just as a widow can sell [her ketubah] without the court, so too can her inheritors [or] those who come with her permission sell [it] without the court. Said Rabbi Shimon: Why did they say that a widow can sell [it] without the court? In order to benefit the orphans, such that they shouldn't plunder their property [if they have to wait to go to court, they will be using up their property in the meantime, so they said that they don't need a court and can sell the ketubah immediately]. If she took possession of a field that was made a security [for her ketubah] and ate it [i.e. used up the value of the property], but profits came out of it—they evaluate for her what she ate, and evaluate for her the profits [just like someone who took possession of a field without permission]. If they evaluate for her in a court, whatever they evaluated is evaluated.", |
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15. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 155| 107a. התם עבוד רבנן מילתא דניחא ליה למוכר וניחא ליה ללוקח,איתמר אחין שחלקו ובא בעל חוב ונטל חלקו של אחד מהן רב אמר בטלה מחלוקת ושמואל אמר ויתר ורב אסי אמר נוטל רביע בקרקע ורביע במעות,רב אמר בטלה מחלוקת קא סבר האחין שחלקו יורשין הן,ושמואל אמר ויתר קא סבר האחין שחלקו לקוחות הוו וכלוקח שלא באחריות דמי,רב אסי מספקא ליה אי יורשין הוו אי לקוחות הוו הלכך נוטל רביע בקרקע ורביע במעות,אמר רב פפא הלכתא בכל הני שמעתתא מקמצין אמימר אמר בטלה מחלוקת והלכתא בטלה מחלוקת:,תנו רבנן שלשה שירדו לשום אחד אומר במנה ושנים אומרים במאתים אחד אומר במאתים ושנים אומרים במנה בטל יחיד במיעוטו,אחד אומר במנה ואחד אומר בעשרים ואחד אומר בשלשים נדון במנה רבי אליעזר ברבי צדוק אומר נדון בתשעים אחרים אומרים עושין שומא ביניהן ומשלשין,מאן דאמר נדון במנה מילתא מציעתא רבי אליעזר בר' צדוק אומר נדון בתשעים קא סבר הא ארעא | 107a. The Gemara answers: The cases cannot be compared because b there, /b in the case of the sale of grain, b the Sages instituted a matter that is suitable for the seller and /b also b suitable for the buyer. /b Since the price of grain fluctuates, neither party wants the sale to be considered complete until the last i se’a /i is measured out, so that they each are able to renege on the sale should the price rise or fall. This reasoning does not apply in cases of division of property.,§ b It was stated /b that the i amora’im /i disagreed about another related matter: If b two brothers divided /b their father’s estate between them, b and /b then their father’s b creditor came and took the portion of one of them /b as repayment for the father’s debt, b Rav says: The /b original b division /b of the property b is void, /b and the brothers must now redivide the remaining assets. b Shmuel says: /b Each brother, upon receiving his portion, b has foregone /b his right to be reimbursed if his portion is lost. b Rav Asi says: /b The brother whose portion was seized is entitled to half the remaining inheritance: b He takes one-quarter in land and one-quarter in money. /b ,The Gemara explains the rationale for each opinion: b Rav says /b that b the /b original b division /b of the property b is void. /b This is because b he holds that brothers who divided /b property received as an inheritance b are /b still considered to be b heirs /b with regard to the inheritance as if they never divided the property, so that they continue to share joint responsibility for their father’s debts. Therefore, if a creditor seizes the portion received by one of them, it is as if he repaid the debt on behalf of all the heirs. Accordingly, they must once again divide the remaining property between them., b And Shmuel says /b that each brother, upon receiving his portion, b has foregone /b his right to be reimbursed if his portion is lost, b as he holds /b that b brothers who divided /b property received as an inheritance b are /b considered as b purchasers /b from each other. b And /b each one is considered b like a purchaser /b who bought his portion b without a guarantee /b that if the field is seized in payment of a debt, the seller will compensate the buyer for his loss. Accordingly, the brother whose portion of the estate was seized by the creditor has no claim against the brother whose portion remained untouched., b Rav Asi is uncertain whether /b brothers who divided property received as an inheritance b are /b still considered to be b heirs or are /b considered to be like b purchasers /b who bought their property with a guarantee of compensation should the property be repossessed. b Therefore, /b the brother whose portion was seized by the creditor is entitled to half the remaining inheritance, and b he takes one-quarter in land /b like an heir b and one-quarter /b he receives b in money, /b like a purchaser with a guarantee, who is compensated with money for his loss., b Rav Pappa says: The i halakha /i in all /b the cases dealt with in b these statements /b recording disagreements between Rav and Shmuel is that the brothers must each b take off a share /b from their portion in accordance with the opinion of Shmuel. Rather, any brother currently in possession of his portion must give part of it to his brother who lacks a portion, so that in the end they have equal shares. b Ameimar says: /b The i halakha /i in all of these cases is that b the /b original b division /b of the property b is void, /b in accordance with the opinion of Rav. The Gemara concludes: b The i halakha /i is /b in fact that b the /b original b division /b of the property b is void, /b in accordance with the opinion of Rav.,§ b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i ( i Tosefta /i , i Ketubot /i 11:2): In a case of b three /b experts b who went down to assess /b a certain property in order to determine the amount to be collected from it for repayment of a debt, and b one says /b it is worth b one hundred dinars, and /b the other b two say /b it is worth b two hundred, /b or b one says /b it is worth b two hundred /b dinars b and /b the other b two say /b it is worth b one hundred, /b the assessment of b the single /b expert b is nullified, since /b his is b the minority /b opinion, and the assessment of the two others is accepted.,If b one says /b the property is worth b one hundred dinars, and another says /b it is worth b twenty /b i sela /i , which is equivalent to eighty dinars, since four dinars equal a i sela /i , b and /b yet b another says /b it is worth b thirty /b i sela /i , which is equivalent to one hundred and twenty dinars, b it is assessed at one hundred dinars, /b which is the average of the assessments, as it is equivalent to twenty-five i sela /i . b Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Tzadok, says: It is assessed at ninety /b dinars, as will be explained below. b i Aḥerim /i say: An appraisal /b is b performed /b of the sum b between /b the two most extreme assessments b and /b then b divided by three. /b This sum is then added to the lowest assessment.,The Gemara clarifies the various opinions: b The one who says /b that the property b is assessed at one hundred dinars /b holds that b the middle /b of the two extreme assessments is followed. b Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Tzadok, says /b that b it is assessed at ninety /b dinars because b he holds that this land /b |
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| 17. Babylonian Talmud, ʿArakin, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 154, 155, 156, 157 |
| 18. Mishnah, KilʾAyim, 7.6 Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 154 |
| 20. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Qrule, 1.12 Tagged with subjects: •land, auction of Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 160 |
| 21. Mishnah, MeʿIlah, 3.6-3.8 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 24, 229 |
| 23. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Qdamascus, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160 |
| 25. Mishnah, ʿArakin, 6.1-6.3, 8.1-8.3 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 24, 44, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159 |
