1. Homer, Odyssey, 4.244-4.258 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •apollodorus, and the laconian women (sophocles) •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 578| 4.244. αὐτόν μιν πληγῇσιν ἀεικελίῃσι δαμάσσας, 4.245. σπεῖρα κάκʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι βαλών, οἰκῆι ἐοικώς, 4.246. ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων κατέδυ πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν· 4.247. ἄλλῳ δʼ αὐτὸν φωτὶ κατακρύπτων ἤισκε, 4.248. δέκτῃ, ὃς οὐδὲν τοῖος ἔην ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. 4.249. τῷ ἴκελος κατέδυ Τρώων πόλιν, οἱ δʼ ἀβάκησαν 4.250. πάντες· ἐγὼ δέ μιν οἴη ἀνέγνων τοῖον ἐόντα, 4.251. καί μιν ἀνηρώτων· ὁ δὲ κερδοσύνῃ ἀλέεινεν. 4.252. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή μιν ἐγὼ λόεον καὶ χρῖον ἐλαίῳ, 4.253. ἀμφὶ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσα καὶ ὤμοσα καρτερὸν ὅρκον 4.254. μὴ μὲν πρὶν Ὀδυσῆα μετὰ Τρώεσσʼ ἀναφῆναι, 4.255. πρίν γε τὸν ἐς νῆάς τε θοὰς κλισίας τʼ ἀφικέσθαι, 4.256. καὶ τότε δή μοι πάντα νόον κατέλεξεν Ἀχαιῶν. 4.257. πολλοὺς δὲ Τρώων κτείνας ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ 4.258. ἦλθε μετʼ Ἀργείους, κατὰ δὲ φρόνιν ἤγαγε πολλήν. | 4.245. threw a cloth around his shoulders, and disguised as a servant entered the broad-streeted city of the enemy men, then concealed himself as a different man, and pretended to be a beggar, he who was no such thing at the Achaean ships. He entered the Trojan city like that, and everyone ignored him. 4.250. I alone recognized him, such as he was, and I questioned him, but he eluded me with cunning. But when at last I'd bathed him and anointed him with olive oil, dressed clothing about him, and swore a great oath not to make him known among the Trojans as Odysseu 4.255. before he reached his huts and swift ships, right then he told me in detail the Achaeans' intent. He then killed many of the Trojans with sharp bronze, went back among the Argives, and brought back much information. Then the rest of the Trojan women shrieked loudly, but my heart |
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| 2. Aristophanes, Wasps, 351 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577 |
| 3. Aristotle, Poetics, 23 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 165, 577 |
4. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, 1.1126 (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577| 1.1126. ἐνναέτιν Φρυγίης, Τιτίην θʼ ἅμα Κύλληνόν τε, < | |
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| 5. Nicander, Theriaca, 343 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577 |
| 6. Nicander, Alexipharmaca, 343 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577 |
7. Strabo, Geography, 10.3.22 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577 | 10.3.22. Some writers say that the name Idaean Dactyli was given to the first settlers of the lower slopes of Mt. Ida, for the lower slopes of mountains are called feet, and the summits heads; accordingly, the several extremities of Ida (all of which are sacred to the Mother of the Gods) were called Dactyli. Sophocles thinks that the first male Dactyli were five in number, who were the first to discover and to work iron, as well as many other things which are useful for the purposes of life, and that their sisters were five in number, and that they were called Dactyli from their number. But different writers tell the myth in different ways, joining difficulty to difficulty; and both the names and numbers they use are different; and they name one of them Celmis and others Damnameneus and Heracles and Acmon. Some call them natives of Ida, others settlers; but all agree that iron was first worked by these on Ida; and all have assumed that they were wizards and attendants of the Mother of the Gods, and that they lived in Phrygia about Ida; and they use the term Phrygia for the Troad because, after Troy was sacked, the Phrygians, whose territory bordered on the Troad, got the mastery over it. And they suspect that both the Curetes and the Corybantes were offspring of the Idaean Dactyli; at any rate, the first hundred men born in Crete were called Idaean Dactyli, they say, and as offspring of these were born nine Curetes, and each of these begot ten children who were called Idaean Dactyli. |
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8. Vergil, Aeneis, 2.57-2.198, 2.204 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •laconian women, the (sophocles) •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) •apollodorus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 166, 577, 578 2.57. Ecce, manus iuvenem interea post terga revinctum 2.58. pastores magno ad regem clamore trahebant 2.59. Dardanidae, qui se ignotum venientibus ultro, 2.60. hoc ipsum ut strueret Troiamque aperiret Achivis, 2.61. obtulerat, fidens animi atque in utrumque paratus, 2.62. seu versare dolos, seu certae occumbere morti. 2.63. Undique visendi studio Troiana iuventus 2.64. circumfusa ruit, certantque inludere capto. 2.65. Accipe nunc Danaum insidias, et crimine ab uno 2.66. disce omnes. 2.67. Namque ut conspectu in medio turbatus, inermis 2.68. constitit atque oculis Phrygia agmina circumspexit: 2.69. Heu, quae nunc tellus inquit quae me aequora possunt 2.70. accipere? Aut quid iam misero mihi denique restat, 2.71. cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus, et super ipsi 2.72. Dardanidae infensi poenas cum sanguine poscunt? 2.73. Quo gemitu conversi animi, compressus et omnis 2.74. impetus. Hortamur fari; quo sanguine cretus, 2.75. quidve ferat, memoret, quae sit fiducia capto. 2.76. | 2.57. thus hailed the people: “O unhappy men! 2.58. What madness this? Who deems our foemen fled? 2.59. Think ye the gifts of Greece can lack for guile? 2.60. Have ye not known Ulysses? The Achaean 2.61. hides, caged in yonder beams; or this is reared 2.62. for engin'ry on our proud battlements, 2.63. to spy upon our roof-tops, or descend 2.64. in ruin on the city. 'T is a snare. 2.65. Trust not this horse, O Troy, whate'er it bode! 2.66. I fear the Greeks, though gift on gift they bear.” 2.67. So saying, he whirled with ponderous javelin 2.68. a sturdy stroke straight at the rounded side 2.69. of the great, jointed beast. A tremor struck 2.70. its towering form, and through the cavernous womb 2.71. rolled loud, reverberate rumbling, deep and long. 2.72. If heaven's decree, if our own wills, that hour, 2.73. had not been fixed on woe, his spear had brought 2.74. a bloody slaughter on our ambushed foe, 2.75. and Troy were standing on the earth this day! 2.77. But, lo! with hands fast bound behind, a youth 2.78. by clamorous Dardan shepherds haled along, 2.79. was brought before our king,—to this sole end 2.80. a self-surrendered captive, that he might, 2.81. although a nameless stranger, cunningly 2.82. deliver to the Greek the gates of Troy . 2.83. His firm-set mind flinched not from either goal,— 2.84. uccess in crime, or on swift death to fall. 2.85. The thronging Trojan youth made haste his way 2.86. from every side, all eager to see close 2.87. their captive's face, and clout with emulous scorn. 2.88. Hear now what Greek deception is, and learn 2.89. from one dark wickedness the whole. For he, 2.90. a mark for every eye, defenceless, dazed, 2.91. tood staring at our Phrygian hosts, and cried: 2.92. “Woe worth the day! What ocean or what shore 2.93. will have me now? What desperate path remains 2.94. for miserable me? Now have I lost 2.95. all foothold with the Greeks, and o'er my head 2.96. Troy 's furious sons call bloody vengeance down.” 2.97. Such groans and anguish turned all rage away 2.98. and stayed our lifted hands. We bade him tell 2.99. his birth, his errand, and from whence might be 2.100. uch hope of mercy for a foe in chains. 2.102. “O King! I will confess, whate'er befall, 2.103. the whole unvarnished truth. I will not hide 2.104. my Grecian birth. Yea, thus will I begin. 2.105. For Fortune has brought wretched Sinon low; 2.106. but never shall her cruelty impair 2.107. his honor and his truth. Perchance the name 2.108. of Palamedes, Belus' glorious son, 2.109. has come by rumor to your listening ears; 2.110. whom by false witness and conspiracy, 2.111. because his counsel was not for this war, 2.112. the Greeks condemned, though guiltless, to his death, 2.113. and now make much lament for him they slew. 2.114. I, his companion, of his kith and kin, 2.115. ent hither by my humble sire's command, 2.116. followed his arms and fortunes from my youth. 2.117. Long as his throne endured, and while he throve 2.118. in conclave with his kingly peers, we twain 2.119. ome name and lustre bore; but afterward, 2.120. because that cheat Ulysses envied him 2.121. (Ye know the deed), he from this world withdrew, 2.122. and I in gloom and tribulation sore 2.123. lived miserably on, lamenting loud 2.124. my lost friend's blameless fall. A fool was I 2.125. that kept not these lips closed; but I had vowed 2.126. that if a conqueror home to Greece I came, 2.127. I would avenge. Such words moved wrath, and were 2.128. the first shock of my ruin; from that hour, 2.129. Ulysses whispered slander and alarm; 2.130. breathed doubt and malice into all men's ears, 2.131. and darkly plotted how to strike his blow. 2.132. Nor rest had he, till Calchas, as his tool,- 2.133. but why unfold this useless, cruel story? 2.134. Why make delay? Ye count all sons of Greece 2.135. arrayed as one; and to have heard thus far 2.136. uffices you. Take now your ripe revenge! 2.137. Ulysses smiles and Atreus' royal sons 2.139. We ply him then with passionate appeal 2.140. and question all his cause: of guilt so dire 2.141. or such Greek guile we harbored not the thought. 2.142. So on he prates, with well-feigned grief and fear, 2.143. and from his Iying heart thus told his tale: 2.144. “Full oft the Greeks had fain achieved their flight, 2.145. and raised the Trojan siege, and sailed away 2.146. war-wearied quite. O, would it had been so! 2.147. Full oft the wintry tumult of the seas 2.148. did wall them round, and many a swollen storm 2.149. their embarcation stayed. But chiefly when, 2.150. all fitly built of beams of maple fair, 2.151. this horse stood forth,— what thunders filled the skies! 2.152. With anxious fears we sent Eurypylus 2.153. to ask Apollo's word; and from the shrine 2.154. he brings the sorrowful commandment home: 2.155. ‘By flowing blood and by a virgin slain 2.156. the wild winds were appeased, when first ye came, 2.157. ye sons of Greece, to Ilium 's distant shore. 2.158. Through blood ye must return. Let some Greek life 2.159. your expiation be.’ The popular ear 2.160. the saying caught, all spirits were dimmed o'er; 2.161. cold doubt and horror through each bosom ran, 2.162. asking what fate would do, and on what wretch 2.163. Apollo's choice would fall. Ulysses, then, 2.164. amid the people's tumult and acclaim, 2.165. thrust Calchas forth, some prophecy to tell 2.166. to all the throng: he asked him o'er and o'er 2.167. what Heaven desired. Already not a few 2.168. foretold the murderous plot, and silently 2.169. watched the dark doom upon my life impend. 2.170. Twice five long days the seer his lips did seal, 2.171. and hid himself, refusing to bring forth 2.172. His word of guile, and name what wretch should die. 2.173. At last, reluctant, and all loudly urged 2.174. By false Ulysses, he fulfils their plot, 2.175. and, lifting up his voice oracular, 2.176. points out myself the victim to be slain. 2.177. Nor did one voice oppose. The mortal stroke 2.178. horribly hanging o'er each coward head 2.179. was changed to one man's ruin, and their hearts 2.180. endured it well. Soon rose th' accursed morn; 2.181. the bloody ritual was ready; salt 2.182. was sprinkled on the sacred loaf; my brows 2.183. were bound with fillets for the offering. 2.184. But I escaped that death—yes! I deny not! 2.185. I cast my fetters off, and darkling lay 2.186. concealed all night in lake-side sedge and mire, 2.187. awaiting their departure, if perchance 2.188. they should in truth set sail. But nevermore 2.189. hall my dear, native country greet these eyes. 2.190. No more my father or my tender babes 2.191. hall I behold. Nay, haply their own lives 2.192. are forfeit, when my foemen take revenge 2.193. for my escape, and slay those helpless ones, 2.194. in expiation of my guilty deed. 2.195. O, by yon powers in heaven which witness truth, 2.196. by aught in this dark world remaining now 2.197. of spotless human faith and innocence, 2.198. I do implore thee look with pitying eye 2.204. that pressed him sore; then with benigt mien | |
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| 9. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 1.48 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •apollodorus, and the laconian women (sophocles) •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 166, 578 |
| 10. Hyginus, Fabulae (Genealogiae), 135 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •apollodorus, and the laconian women (sophocles) •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 578 |
11. Apollodorus, Epitome, 5.13, 5.17-5.18 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •apollodorus, and the laconian women (sophocles) •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 578| 5.13. Ὀδυσσεὺς δὲ μετὰ Διομήδους παραγενόμενος νύκτωρ εἰς τὴν πόλιν Διομήδην μὲν αὐτοῦ μένειν εἴα, αὐτὸς δὲ ἑαυτὸν 1 -- αἰκισάμενος καὶ πενιχρὰν στολὴν ἐνδυσάμενος 2 -- ἀγνώστως εἰς τὴν πόλιν εἰσέρχεται ὡς ἐπαίτης· γνωρισθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ Ἑλένης διʼ ἐκείνης τὸ παλλάδιον ἔκλεψε 3 -- καὶ πολλοὺς κτείνας τῶν φυλασσόντων ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς μετὰ Διομήδους κομίζει. 5.17. Κασάνδρας δὲ λεγούσης ἔνοπλον ἐν αὐτῷ δύναμιν εἶναι, καὶ προσέτι Λαοκόωντος τοῦ μάντεως, τοῖς μὲν ἐδόκει κατακαίειν, τοῖς δὲ κατὰ βαράθρων ἀφιέναι· δόξαν δὲ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἵνα αὐτὸν ἐάσωσι θεῖον ἀνάθημα, τραπέντες ἐπὶ θυσίαν εὐωχοῦντο. | 5.13. And Ulysses went with Diomedes by night to the city, and there he let Diomedes wait, and after disfiguring himself and putting on mean attire he entered unknown into the city as a beggar. And being recognized by Helen, he with her help stole away the Palladium, and after killing many of the guards, brought it to the ships with the aid of Diomedes. These events were narrated in the Little Iliad of Lesches, as we learn from the summary of Proclus (Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, ed. G. Kinkel, p. 37), which runs thus: “And Ulysses, having disfigured himself, comes as a spy to Troy, and being recognized by Helen he makes a compact with her concerning the capture of the city; and having slain some of the Trojans he arrives at the ships. And after these things he with Diomedes conveys the Palladium out of Ilium .” From this it appears that Ulysses made two different expeditions to Troy : in one of them he went by himself as a spy in mean attire, and being recognized by Helen concerted with her measures for betraying Troy to the Greeks; in the other he went with Diomedes, and together the two stole the Palladium. The former of these expeditions is described by Homer in the Odyssey ( Hom. Od. 4.242ff. ), where Helen tells how Ulysses disfigured himself with wounds, and disguising himself in mean attire came as a beggar to Troy ; how she alone detected him, wormed the secrets of the Greeks out of him, and having sworn not to betray him till he had returned in safety to the ships, let him go free, whereupon on his way back he killed many Trojans. Euripides also relates this visit of Ulysses to Troy, adding that Helen revealed his presence to Hecuba, who spared his life and sent him out of the country ( Eur. Hec. 239-250 ). These two quite distinct expeditions of Ulysses have been confused and blended into one by Apollodorus. As to the joint expedition of Ulysses and Diomedes to Troy, and the stealing of the Palladium, see further Conon 34 ; Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica x.350-360 ; Scholiast on Hom. Il. vi.311 ; Malalas, Chr. v. pp. 109, 111ff., ed. L. Dindorf ; Zenobius, Cent. iii.8 ; Apostolius, Cent. vi.15 ; Suidas, s. vv. Διομήδειος ἀνάγκη and Παλλάδιον ; Hesychius, s.v. Διομήδειος ἀνάγκη ; Eustathius on Hom. Il. x.531, p. 822 ; Scholiast on Plat. Rep. 6, 493b ; Verg. A. 2.162-170 ; Serv. Verg. A. 2.166 ; Dictys Cretensis v.5, 8ff. The narrative of Apollodorus suggests that Ulysses had the principal share in the exploit. But according to another and seemingly more prevalent tradition it was Diomedes who really bore off the image. This emerges particularly from Conon's account. Diomedes, he tells us, mounted on the shoulders of Ulysses, and having thus scaled the wall, he refused to draw his comrade up after him, and went in search of the Palladium. Having secured it, he returned with it to Ulysses, and together they retraced their steps to the Greek camp. But by the way the crafty Ulysses conceived the idea of murdering his companion and making himself master of the fateful image. So he dropped behind Diomedes and drew his sword. But the moon shone full; and as he raised his arm to strike, the flash of the blade in the moonlight caught the eye of the wary Diomedes. He faced round, drew his sword, and, upbraiding the other with his cowardice, drove him before him, while he beat the back of the recreant with the flat of his sword. This incident gave rise to the proverb, “Diomedes's compulsion,” applied to such as did what they were forced to do by dire necessity. The proverb is similarly explained by the other Greek proverb-writers and lexicographers cited above, except that, instead of the flash of the sword in the moonlight, they say it was the shadow of the sword raised to strike him which attracted the attention of Diomedes. The picturesque story appears to have been told in the Little Iliad ( Hesychius, s.v. Διομήδειος ἀνάγκη ). According to one account, Diomedes and Ulysses made their way into the Trojan citadel through a sewer ( Serv. Verg. A. 2.166 ), indeed a narrow and muddy sewer, as Sophocles called it in the play which he composed on the subject. See Julius Pollux, ix.49 ; The Fragments of Sophocles, ed. A. C. Pearson, ii.36, frag. 367 . Some affirmed that the Palladium was treacherously surrendered to the Greek heroes by Theano, the priestess of the goddess ( Scholiast on Hom. Il. vi.311 ; Suidas, s.v. Παλλάδιον ); to this step she was said to have been instigated by her husband Antenor ( Malalas, Chr. v. p. 109, ed. L. Dindorf ; Dictys Cretensis v.5, 8 ). As to Theano in her capacity of priestess, see Hom. Il. 6.297ff. The theft of the Palladium furnished a not infrequent subject to Greek artists; but the artistic, like the literary, tradition was not agreed on the question whether the actual thief was Diomedes or Ulysses. See Frazer on Paus. 1.22.6 (vol. ii. pp. 264 sq.) . 5.17. As Cassandra said that there was an armed force in it, and she was further confirmed by Laocoon, the seer, some were for burning it, and others for throwing it down a precipice; but as most were in favour of sparing it as a votive offering sacred to a divinity, As to these deliberations of the Trojans, compare Hom. Od. 8.505ff. ; Arctinus, Ilii Persis, summarized by Proclus in Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, ed. G. Kinkel, p. 49 ; Tryphiodorus, Excidium Ilii 250ff. they betook them to sacrifice and feasting. |
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| 12. Plutarch, On The Control of Anger, 458d (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •laconian women, the (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 165, 166 |
| 13. Aelian, Nature of Animals, 6.51 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577 |
| 14. Proclus, Chrestomathia, 74.15-74.16, 88.6-88.9 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •aristotle, and the laconian women (sophocles) •laconian women, the (sophocles) •little iliad, and the laconian women (sophocles) •proclus, and the laconian women (sophocles) •apollodorus, and the laconian women (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577, 578 |
| 15. Dionysius Periegetes, Little Iliad, 164-167 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 577 |
| 16. Dionysius Periegetes, The Sack of Troy, 164 Tagged with subjects: •laconian women, the (sophocles) Found in books: Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context (2018) 166 |
