1. Homer, Iliad, 2.867-2.868 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 | 2.867. / the two sons of TaIaemenes, whose mother was the nymph of the Gygaean lake; and they led the Maeonians, whose birth was beneath Tmolas.And Nastes again led the Carians, uncouth of speech, who held Miletus and the mountain of Phthires, dense with its leafage, and the streams of Maeander, and the steep crests of Mycale. 2.868. / the two sons of TaIaemenes, whose mother was the nymph of the Gygaean lake; and they led the Maeonians, whose birth was beneath Tmolas.And Nastes again led the Carians, uncouth of speech, who held Miletus and the mountain of Phthires, dense with its leafage, and the streams of Maeander, and the steep crests of Mycale. |
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2. Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, 5.6.11 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 246| 5.6.11. ἐπεὶ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἔλεξεν, οἱ μὲν ὑπώπτευον φιλίας ἕνεκα τῆς Κορύλα λέγειν· καὶ γὰρ ἦν πρόξενος αὐτῷ· οἱ δὲ καὶ ὡς δῶρα ληψόμενον διὰ τὴν ξυμβουλὴν ταύτην· οἱ δὲ ὑπώπτευον καὶ τούτου ἕνεκα λέγειν ὡς μὴ πεζῇ ἰόντες τὴν Σινωπέων τι χώραν κακὸν ἐργάζοιντο. οἱ δʼ οὖν Ἕλληνες ἐψηφίσαντο κατὰ θάλατταν τὴν πορείαν ποιεῖσθαι. | 5.6.11. When he had thus spoken, some of his hearers were suspicious that he spoke as he did out of friendship for Corylas, for he was his official representative at Sinope; others imagined that he even had the idea of obtaining gifts on account of this advice; while still others suspected that the real purpose of his speech was to prevent the Greeks from going by land and so doing some harm to the territory of the Sinopeans. At any rate, however, the Greeks voted to make the journey by sea. |
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| 3. Polyaenus, Stratagems, 7.3 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 |
4. Strabo, Geography, 14.2.28 Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 | 14.2.28. When the poet says,Masthles in turn led the Carians, of barbarian speech, we have no reason to inquire how it is that, although he knew so many barbarian tribes, he speaks of the Carians alone as of barbarian speech, but nowhere speaks of barbarians. Thucydides, therefore, is not correct, for he says that Homer did not use the term 'barbarians' either, because the Hellenes on their part had not yet been distinguished under one name as opposed to them; for the poet himself refutes the statement that the Hellenes had not yet been so distinguished when he says,My husband, whose fame is wide through Hellas and mid- Argos. And again,And if thou dost wish to journey through Hellas and mid- Argos. Further, if they were not called barbarians, how could they properly be called a people of barbarian speech? So neither Thucydides is correct, nor Apollodorus the grammarian, who says that the general term was used by the Hellenes in a peculiar and abusive sense against the Carians, and in particular by the Ionians, who hated them because of their enmity and the continuous military campaigns; for it was right to name them barbarians in this sense. But I raise the question, Why does he call them people of barbarian speech, but not even once calls them barbarians? Because, Apollodorus replies, the plural does not fall in with the metre; this is why he does not call them barbarians. But though this case does not fall in with metre, the nominative case does not differ metrically from that of Dardanians: Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians. So, also, the word Trojan, inof what kind the Trojan horses are. Neither is he correct when he says that the language of the Carians is very harsh, for it is not, but even has very many Greek words mixed up with it, according to the Philip who wrote The Carica. I suppose that the word barbarian was at first uttered onomatopoetically in reference to people who enunciated words only with difficulty and talked harshly and raucously, like our words battarizein, traulizein, and psellizein; for we are by nature very much inclined to denote sounds by words that sound like them, on account of their homogeneity. Wherefore onomatopoetic words abound in our language, as, for example, celaryzein, and also clange, psophos, boe, and crotos, most of which are by now used in their proper sense. Accordingly, when all who pronounced words thickly were being called barbarians onomatopoetically, it appeared that the pronunciations of all alien races were likewise thick, I mean of those that were not Greek. Those, therefore, they called barbarians in the special sense of the term, at first derisively, meaning that they pronounced words thickly or harshly; and then we misused the word as a general ethnic term, thus making a logical distinction between the Greeks and all other races. The fact is, however, that through our long acquaintance and intercourse with the barbarians this effect was at last seen to be the result, not of a thick pronunciation or any natural defect in the vocal organs, but of the peculiarities of their several languages. And there appeared another faulty and barbarian-like pronunciation in our language, whenever any person speaking Greek did not pronounce it correctly, but pronounced the words like barbarians who are only beginning to learn Greek and are unable to speak it accurately, as is also the case with us in speaking their languages. This was particularly the case with the Carians, for, although the other peoples were not yet having very much intercourse with the Greeks nor even trying to live in Greek fashion or to learn our language — with the exception, perhaps, of rare persons who by chance, and singly, mingled with a few of the Greeks — yet the Carians roamed throughout the whole of Greece, serving on expeditions for pay. Already, therefore, the barbarous element in their Greek was strong, as a result of their expeditions in Greece; and after this it spread much more, from the time they took up their abode with the Greeks in the islands; and when they were driven thence into Asia, even here they were unable to live apart from the Greeks, I mean when the Ionians and Dorians later crossed over to Asia. The term barbarize, also, has the same origin; for we are wont to use this too in reference to those who speak Greek badly, not to those who talk Carian. So, therefore, we must interpret the terms speak barbarously and barbarously-speaking as applying to those who speak Greek badly. And it was from the term Carise that the term barbarize was used in a different sense in works on the art of speaking Greek; and so was the term soloecise, whether derived from Soli, or made up in some other way. |
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| 5. Epigraphy, Tam, 2.1, 2.158-2.160, 2.262 Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247, 248 |
6. Anon., Letter of Aristeas, 15-16 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 | 16. Dis. This name was very appropriately bestowed upon him by our first ancestors, in order to signify that He through whom all things are endowed with life and come into being, is necessarily the ruler and lord of the Universe. Set all mankind an example of magimity by releasing those who are held in bondage.' |
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| 7. Epigraphy, I.Kaunos, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 248 |
| 8. Epigraphy, Ig I , 1344 Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 234 |
| 9. Epigraphy, Ik Sinope, 1 Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 246 |
| 10. Epigraphy, Labraunda, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 11. Epigraphy, Mylasa, 961 Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 243 |
| 12. Epigraphy, Seg, 27.929, 36.122, 36.1218, 38.1476, 40.98, 40.991, 40.996, 47.1568, 49.1076, 55.1113 Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 243, 247, 248 |
| 13. Epigraphy, Stratonikeia, 503, 2 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 14. Epigraphy, Syll. , None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 15. Canali De Rossi, F. 2004. Iscrizioni, I. Amyzon, 4, 2 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
| 16. Epigraphy, I. Tralleis, 33 Tagged with subjects: •karia, asia minor, bilingual inscriptions Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 247 |
