1. Hebrew Bible, Esther, 3.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •apion, in antiquities and jewish war compared Found in books: Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 146| 3.8. "וַיֹּאמֶר הָמָן לַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ יֶשְׁנוֹ עַם־אֶחָד מְפֻזָּר וּמְפֹרָד בֵּין הָעַמִּים בְּכֹל מְדִינוֹת מַלְכוּתֶךָ וְדָתֵיהֶם שֹׁנוֹת מִכָּל־עָם וְאֶת־דָּתֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵינָם עֹשִׂים וְלַמֶּלֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶה לְהַנִּיחָם׃", | 3.8. "And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: ‘There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king’s laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them.", |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 21.22-21.23 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349| 21.22. "וְכִי־יִהְיֶה בְאִישׁ חֵטְא מִשְׁפַּט־מָוֶת וְהוּמָת וְתָלִיתָ אֹתוֹ עַל־עֵץ׃", 21.23. "לֹא־תָלִין נִבְלָתוֹ עַל־הָעֵץ כִּי־קָבוֹר תִּקְבְּרֶנּוּ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כִּי־קִלְלַת אֱלֹהִים תָּלוּי וְלֹא תְטַמֵּא אֶת־אַדְמָתְךָ אֲשֶׁר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה׃", | 21.22. "And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree;", 21.23. "his body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt surely bury him the same day; for he that is hanged is a reproach unto God; that thou defile not thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 7.14-11.10, 9.20, 12, 12.12, 12.13, 12.29, 12.30, 12.31, 12.32, 12.33, 12.34, 12.35, 12.36, 12.40, 13.18, 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.4, 39.5, 39.6, 39.7, 39.8, 39.9, 39.10, 39.11, 39.12, 39.13, 39.14, 39.15, 39.16, 39.17, 39.18, 39.19, 39.20, 39.21, 39.22, 39.23, 39.24, 39.25, 39.26, 39.27, 39.28, 39.29, 39.30, 39.31 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349| 39.15. "וַיַּעֲשׂוּ עַל־הַחֹשֶׁן שַׁרְשְׁרֹת גַּבְלֻת מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת זָהָב טָהוֹר׃", | 39.15. "And they made upon the breastplate plaited chains, of wreathen work of pure gold.", |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 12.10-12.20, 13.18, 14.18-14.20, 19.1-19.29, 35.27-35.29 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349, 352| 12.11. "וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיב לָבוֹא מִצְרָיְמָה וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־שָׂרַי אִשְׁתּוֹ הִנֵּה־נָא יָדַעְתִּי כִּי אִשָּׁה יְפַת־מַרְאֶה אָתְּ׃", 12.12. "וְהָיָה כִּי־יִרְאוּ אֹתָךְ הַמִּצְרִים וְאָמְרוּ אִשְׁתּוֹ זֹאת וְהָרְגוּ אֹתִי וְאֹתָךְ יְחַיּוּ׃", 12.13. "אִמְרִי־נָא אֲחֹתִי אָתְּ לְמַעַן יִיטַב־לִי בַעֲבוּרֵךְ וְחָיְתָה נַפְשִׁי בִּגְלָלֵךְ׃", 12.14. "וַיְהִי כְּבוֹא אַבְרָם מִצְרָיְמָה וַיִּרְאוּ הַמִּצְרִים אֶת־הָאִשָּׁה כִּי־יָפָה הִוא מְאֹד׃", 12.15. "וַיִּרְאוּ אֹתָהּ שָׂרֵי פַרְעֹה וַיְהַלְלוּ אֹתָהּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וַתֻּקַּח הָאִשָּׁה בֵּית פַּרְעֹה׃", 12.16. "וּלְאַבְרָם הֵיטִיב בַּעֲבוּרָהּ וַיְהִי־לוֹ צֹאן־וּבָקָר וַחֲמֹרִים וַעֲבָדִים וּשְׁפָחֹת וַאֲתֹנֹת וּגְמַלִּים׃", 12.17. "וַיְנַגַּע יְהוָה אֶת־פַּרְעֹה נְגָעִים גְּדֹלִים וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ עַל־דְּבַר שָׂרַי אֵשֶׁת אַבְרָם׃", 12.18. "וַיִּקְרָא פַרְעֹה לְאַבְרָם וַיֹּאמֶר מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ לִּי לָמָּה לֹא־הִגַּדְתָּ לִּי כִּי אִשְׁתְּךָ הִוא׃", 12.19. "לָמָה אָמַרְתָּ אֲחֹתִי הִוא וָאֶקַּח אֹתָהּ לִי לְאִשָּׁה וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ קַח וָלֵךְ׃", 13.18. "וַיֶּאֱהַל אַבְרָם וַיָּבֹא וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּאֵלֹנֵי מַמְרֵא אֲשֶׁר בְּחֶבְרוֹן וַיִּבֶן־שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהוָה׃", 14.18. "וּמַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק מֶלֶךְ שָׁלֵם הוֹצִיא לֶחֶם וָיָיִן וְהוּא כֹהֵן לְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן׃", 14.19. "וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ וַיֹּאמַר בָּרוּךְ אַבְרָם לְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן קֹנֵה שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ׃", 19.1. "וַיָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵי הַמַּלְאָכִים סְדֹמָה בָּעֶרֶב וְלוֹט יֹשֵׁב בְּשַׁעַר־סְדֹם וַיַּרְא־לוֹט וַיָּקָם לִקְרָאתָם וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ אַפַּיִם אָרְצָה׃", 19.1. "וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים אֶת־יָדָם וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶת־לוֹט אֲלֵיהֶם הַבָּיְתָה וְאֶת־הַדֶּלֶת סָגָרוּ׃", 19.2. "וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֶּה נָּא־אֲדֹנַי סוּרוּ נָא אֶל־בֵּית עַבְדְּכֶם וְלִינוּ וְרַחֲצוּ רַגְלֵיכֶם וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּם וַהֲלַכְתֶּם לְדַרְכְּכֶם וַיֹּאמְרוּ לֹּא כִּי בָרְחוֹב נָלִין׃", 19.2. "הִנֵּה־נָא הָעִיר הַזֹּאת קְרֹבָה לָנוּס שָׁמָּה וְהִיא מִצְעָר אִמָּלְטָה נָּא שָׁמָּה הֲלֹא מִצְעָר הִוא וּתְחִי נַפְשִׁי׃", 19.3. "וַיִּפְצַר־בָּם מְאֹד וַיָּסֻרוּ אֵלָיו וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַיַּעַשׂ לָהֶם מִשְׁתֶּה וּמַצּוֹת אָפָה וַיֹּאכֵלוּ׃", 19.3. "וַיַּעַל לוֹט מִצּוֹעַר וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּהָר וּשְׁתֵּי בְנֹתָיו עִמּוֹ כִּי יָרֵא לָשֶׁבֶת בְּצוֹעַר וַיֵּשֶׁב בַּמְּעָרָה הוּא וּשְׁתֵּי בְנֹתָיו׃", 19.4. "טֶרֶם יִשְׁכָּבוּ וְאַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר אַנְשֵׁי סְדֹם נָסַבּוּ עַל־הַבַּיִת מִנַּעַר וְעַד־זָקֵן כָּל־הָעָם מִקָּצֶה׃", 19.5. "וַיִּקְרְאוּ אֶל־לוֹט וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ אַיֵּה הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ הַלָּיְלָה הוֹצִיאֵם אֵלֵינוּ וְנֵדְעָה אֹתָם׃", 19.6. "וַיֵּצֵא אֲלֵהֶם לוֹט הַפֶּתְחָה וְהַדֶּלֶת סָגַר אַחֲרָיו׃", 19.7. "וַיֹּאמַר אַל־נָא אַחַי תָּרֵעוּ׃", 19.8. "הִנֵּה־נָא לִי שְׁתֵּי בָנוֹת אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדְעוּ אִישׁ אוֹצִיאָה־נָּא אֶתְהֶן אֲלֵיכֶם וַעֲשׂוּ לָהֶן כַּטּוֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶם רַק לָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵל אַל־תַּעֲשׂוּ דָבָר כִּי־עַל־כֵּן בָּאוּ בְּצֵל קֹרָתִי׃", 19.9. "וַיֹּאמְרוּ גֶּשׁ־הָלְאָה וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָאֶחָד בָּא־לָגוּר וַיִּשְׁפֹּט שָׁפוֹט עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מֵהֶם וַיִּפְצְרוּ בָאִישׁ בְּלוֹט מְאֹד וַיִּגְּשׁוּ לִשְׁבֹּר הַדָּלֶת׃", 19.11. "וְאֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּתַח הַבַּיִת הִכּוּ בַּסַּנְוֵרִים מִקָּטֹן וְעַד־גָּדוֹל וַיִּלְאוּ לִמְצֹא הַפָּתַח׃", 19.12. "וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים אֶל־לוֹט עֹד מִי־לְךָ פֹה חָתָן וּבָנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ בָּעִיר הוֹצֵא מִן־הַמָּקוֹם׃", 19.13. "כִּי־מַשְׁחִתִים אֲנַחְנוּ אֶת־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה כִּי־גָדְלָה צַעֲקָתָם אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהוָה וַיְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ יְהוָה לְשַׁחֲתָהּ׃", 19.14. "וַיֵּצֵא לוֹט וַיְדַבֵּר אֶל־חֲתָנָיו לֹקְחֵי בְנֹתָיו וַיֹּאמֶר קוּמוּ צְּאוּ מִן־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה כִּי־מַשְׁחִית יְהוָה אֶת־הָעִיר וַיְהִי כִמְצַחֵק בְּעֵינֵי חֲתָנָיו׃", 19.15. "וּכְמוֹ הַשַּׁחַר עָלָה וַיָּאִיצוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים בְּלוֹט לֵאמֹר קוּם קַח אֶת־אִשְׁתְּךָ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּי בְנֹתֶיךָ הַנִּמְצָאֹת פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶה בַּעֲוֺן הָעִיר׃", 19.16. "וַיִּתְמַהְמָהּ וַיַּחֲזִקוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים בְּיָדוֹ וּבְיַד־אִשְׁתּוֹ וּבְיַד שְׁתֵּי בְנֹתָיו בְּחֶמְלַת יְהוָה עָלָיו וַיֹּצִאֻהוּ וַיַּנִּחֻהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר׃", 19.17. "וַיְהִי כְהוֹצִיאָם אֹתָם הַחוּצָה וַיֹּאמֶר הִמָּלֵט עַל־נַפְשֶׁךָ אַל־תַּבִּיט אַחֲרֶיךָ וְאַל־תַּעֲמֹד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּר הָהָרָה הִמָּלֵט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶה׃", 19.18. "וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹט אֲלֵהֶם אַל־נָא אֲדֹנָי׃", 19.19. "הִנֵּה־נָא מָצָא עַבְדְּךָ חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ וַתַּגְדֵּל חַסְדְּךָ אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ עִמָּדִי לְהַחֲיוֹת אֶת־נַפְשִׁי וְאָנֹכִי לֹא אוּכַל לְהִמָּלֵט הָהָרָה פֶּן־תִּדְבָּקַנִי הָרָעָה וָמַתִּי׃", 19.21. "וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הִנֵּה נָשָׂאתִי פָנֶיךָ גַּם לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה לְבִלְתִּי הָפְכִּי אֶת־הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ׃", 19.22. "מַהֵר הִמָּלֵט שָׁמָּה כִּי לֹא אוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת דָּבָר עַד־בֹּאֲךָ שָׁמָּה עַל־כֵּן קָרָא שֵׁם־הָעִיר צוֹעַר׃", 19.23. "הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יָצָא עַל־הָאָרֶץ וְלוֹט בָּא צֹעֲרָה׃", 19.24. "וַיהוָה הִמְטִיר עַל־סְדֹם וְעַל־עֲמֹרָה גָּפְרִית וָאֵשׁ מֵאֵת יְהוָה מִן־הַשָּׁמָיִם׃", 19.25. "וַיַּהֲפֹךְ אֶת־הֶעָרִים הָאֵל וְאֵת כָּל־הַכִּכָּר וְאֵת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים וְצֶמַח הָאֲדָמָה׃", 19.26. "וַתַּבֵּט אִשְׁתּוֹ מֵאַחֲרָיו וַתְּהִי נְצִיב מֶלַח׃", 19.27. "וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם בַּבֹּקֶר אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָמַד שָׁם אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהוָה׃", 19.28. "וַיַּשְׁקֵף עַל־פְּנֵי סְדֹם וַעֲמֹרָה וְעַל־כָּל־פְּנֵי אֶרֶץ הַכִּכָּר וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה עָלָה קִיטֹר הָאָרֶץ כְּקִיטֹר הַכִּבְשָׁן׃", 19.29. "וַיְהִי בְּשַׁחֵת אֱלֹהִים אֶת־עָרֵי הַכִּכָּר וַיִּזְכֹּר אֱלֹהִים אֶת־אַבְרָהָם וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶת־לוֹט מִתּוֹךְ הַהֲפֵכָה בַּהֲפֹךְ אֶת־הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר־יָשַׁב בָּהֵן לוֹט׃", 35.27. "וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב אֶל־יִצְחָק אָבִיו מַמְרֵא קִרְיַת הָאַרְבַּע הִוא חֶבְרוֹן אֲשֶׁר־גָּר־שָׁם אַבְרָהָם וְיִצְחָק׃", 35.28. "וַיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי יִצְחָק מְאַת שָׁנָה וּשְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה׃", 35.29. "וַיִּגְוַע יִצְחָק וַיָּמָת וַיֵּאָסֶף אֶל־עַמָּיו זָקֵן וּשְׂבַע יָמִים וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ עֵשָׂו וְיַעֲקֹב בָּנָיו׃", | 12.10. "And there was a famine in the land; and Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine was sore in the land.", 12.11. "And it came to pass, when he was come near to enter into Egypt, that he said unto Sarai his wife: ‘Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look upon.", 12.12. "And it will come to pass, when the Egyptians shall see thee, that they will say: This is his wife; and they will kill me, but thee they will keep alive.", 12.13. "Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister; that it may be well with me for thy sake, and that my soul may live because of thee.’", 12.14. "And it came to pass, that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians beheld the woman that she was very fair.", 12.15. "And the princes of Pharaoh saw her, and praised her to Pharaoh; and the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s house.", 12.16. "And he dealt well with Abram for her sake; and he had sheep, and oxen, and he-asses, and men-servants, and maid-servants, and she-asses, and camels.", 12.17. "And the LORD plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai Abram’s wife.", 12.18. "And Pharaoh called Abram, and said: ‘What is this that thou hast done unto me? why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife?", 12.19. "Why saidst thou: She is my sister? so that I took her to be my wife; now therefore behold thy wife, take her, and go thy way.’", 12.20. "And Pharaoh gave men charge concerning him; and they brought him on the way, and his wife, and all that he had.", 13.18. "And Abram moved his tent, and came and dwelt by the terebinths of Mamre, which are in Hebron, and built there an altar unto the LORD.", 14.18. "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine; and he was priest of God the Most High.", 14.19. "And he blessed him, and said: ‘Blessed be Abram of God Most High, Maker of heaven and earth;", 14.20. "and blessed be God the Most High, who hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand.’ And he gave him a tenth of all.", 19.1. "And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom; and Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them; and he fell down on his face to the earth;", 19.2. "and he said: ‘Behold now, my lords, turn aside, I pray you, into your servant’s house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your way.’ And they said: ‘Nay; but we will abide in the broad place all night.’", 19.3. "And he urged them greatly; and they turned in unto him, and entered into his house; and he made them a feast, and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat.", 19.4. "But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both young and old, all the people from every quarter.", 19.5. "And they called unto Lot, and said unto him: ‘Where are the men that came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.’", 19.6. "And Lot went out unto them to the door, and shut the door after him.", 19.7. "And he said: ‘I pray you, my brethren, do not so wickedly.", 19.8. "Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes; only unto these men do nothing; forasmuch as they are come under the shadow of my roof.’", 19.9. "And they said: ‘Stand back.’ And they said: ‘This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs play the judge; now will we deal worse with thee, than with them.’ And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and drew near to break the door.", 19.10. "But the men put forth their hand, and brought Lot into the house to them, and the door they shut.", 19.11. "And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with blindness, both small and great; so that they wearied themselves to find the door.", 19.12. "And the men said unto Lot: ‘Hast thou here any besides? son-in-law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whomsoever thou hast in the city; bring them out of the place;", 19.13. "for we will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxed great before the LORD; and the LORD hath sent us to destroy it.’", 19.14. "And Lot went out, and spoke unto his sons-in-law, who married his daughters, and said: ‘Up, get you out of this place; for the LORD will destroy the city.’ But he seemed unto his sons-in-law as one that jested.", 19.15. "And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying: ‘Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters that are here; lest thou be swept away in the iniquity of the city.’", 19.16. "But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him. And they brought him forth, and set him without the city.", 19.17. "And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: ‘Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.’", 19.18. "And Lot said unto them: ‘Oh, not so, my lord;", 19.19. "behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shown unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest the evil overtake me, and I die.", 19.20. "Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one; oh, let me escape thither—is it not a little one?—and my soul shall live.’", 19.21. "And he said unto him: ‘See, I have accepted thee concerning this thing also, that I will not overthrow the city of which thou hast spoken.", 19.22. "Hasten thou, escape thither; for I cannot do any thing till thou be come thither.’—Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.—", 19.23. "The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot came unto Zoar.", 19.24. "Then the LORD caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven;", 19.25. "and He overthrow those cities, and all the Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.", 19.26. "But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.", 19.27. "And Abraham got up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the LORD.", 19.28. "And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.", 19.29. "And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the Plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when He overthrew the cities in which Lot dwelt.", 35.27. "And Jacob came unto Isaac his father to Mamre, to Kiriatharba—the same is Hebron—where Abraham and Isaac sojourned.", 35.28. "And the days of Isaac were a hundred and fourscore years.", 35.29. "And Isaac expired, and died, and was gathered unto his people, old and full of days; and Esau and Jacob his sons buried him.", |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 4.1-4.3, 5.2, 8.24-8.25, 13.22, 25.1-25.9 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities •audience, jewish and non-jewish, intended for antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349, 715; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 93| 4.1. "וְנָתְנוּ אֹתָהּ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלֶיהָ אֶל־מִכְסֵה עוֹר תָּחַשׁ וְנָתְנוּ עַל־הַמּוֹט׃", 4.1. "וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר׃", 4.2. "וְלֹא־יָבֹאוּ לִרְאוֹת כְּבַלַּע אֶת־הַקֹּדֶשׁ וָמֵתוּ׃", 4.2. "נָשֹׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ בְּנֵי קְהָת מִתּוֹךְ בְּנֵי לֵוִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם׃", 4.3. "מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה תִּפְקְדֵם כָּל־הַבָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲבֹד אֶת־עֲבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃", 4.3. "מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה וְעַד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה כָּל־בָּא לַצָּבָא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃", 5.2. "וְאַתְּ כִּי שָׂטִית תַּחַת אִישֵׁךְ וְכִי נִטְמֵאת וַיִּתֵּן אִישׁ בָּךְ אֶת־שְׁכָבְתּוֹ מִבַּלְעֲדֵי אִישֵׁךְ׃", 5.2. "צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִישַׁלְּחוּ מִן־הַמַּחֲנֶה כָּל־צָרוּעַ וְכָל־זָב וְכֹל טָמֵא לָנָפֶשׁ׃", 8.24. "זֹאת אֲשֶׁר לַלְוִיִּם מִבֶּן חָמֵשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה יָבוֹא לִצְבֹא צָבָא בַּעֲבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃", 8.25. "וּמִבֶּן חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה יָשׁוּב מִצְּבָא הָעֲבֹדָה וְלֹא יַעֲבֹד עוֹד׃", 13.22. "וַיַּעֲלוּ בַנֶּגֶב וַיָּבֹא עַד־חֶבְרוֹן וְשָׁם אֲחִימַן שֵׁשַׁי וְתַלְמַי יְלִידֵי הָעֲנָק וְחֶבְרוֹן שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים נִבְנְתָה לִפְנֵי צֹעַן מִצְרָיִם׃", 25.1. "וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר׃", 25.1. "וַיֵּשֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּשִּׁטִּים וַיָּחֶל הָעָם לִזְנוֹת אֶל־בְּנוֹת מוֹאָב׃", 25.2. "וַתִּקְרֶאןָ לָעָם לְזִבְחֵי אֱלֹהֵיהֶן וַיֹּאכַל הָעָם וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲוּוּ לֵאלֹהֵיהֶן׃", 25.3. "וַיִּצָּמֶד יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבַעַל פְּעוֹר וַיִּחַר־אַף יְהוָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 25.4. "וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה קַח אֶת־כָּל־רָאשֵׁי הָעָם וְהוֹקַע אוֹתָם לַיהוָה נֶגֶד הַשָּׁמֶשׁ וְיָשֹׁב חֲרוֹן אַף־יְהוָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל׃", 25.5. "וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־שֹׁפְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הִרְגוּ אִישׁ אֲנָשָׁיו הַנִּצְמָדִים לְבַעַל פְּעוֹר׃", 25.6. "וְהִנֵּה אִישׁ מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּא וַיַּקְרֵב אֶל־אֶחָיו אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִית לְעֵינֵי מֹשֶׁה וּלְעֵינֵי כָּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהֵמָּה בֹכִים פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד׃", 25.7. "וַיַּרְא פִּינְחָס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן וַיָּקָם מִתּוֹךְ הָעֵדָה וַיִּקַּח רֹמַח בְּיָדוֹ׃", 25.8. "וַיָּבֹא אַחַר אִישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־הַקֻּבָּה וַיִּדְקֹר אֶת־שְׁנֵיהֶם אֵת אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת־הָאִשָּׁה אֶל־קֳבָתָהּ וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 25.9. "וַיִּהְיוּ הַמֵּתִים בַּמַּגֵּפָה אַרְבָּעָה וְעֶשְׂרִים אָלֶף׃", | 4.1. "And the LORD spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying:", 4.2. "’Take the sum of the sons of Kohath from among the sons of Levi, by their families, by their fathers’houses,", 4.3. "from thirty years old and upward even until fifty years old, all that enter upon the service, to do work in the tent of meeting.", 5.2. "’Command the children of Israel, that they put out of the camp every leper, and every one that hath an issue, and whosoever is unclean by the dead;", 8.24. "’This is that which pertaineth unto the Levites: from twenty and five years old and upward they shall go in to perform the service in the work of the tent of meeting;", 8.25. "and from the age of fifty years they shall return from the service of the work, and shall serve no more;", 13.22. "And they went up into the South, and came unto Hebron; and Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were there.—Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.—", 25.1. "And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit harlotry with the daughters of Moab.", 25.2. "And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods; and the people did eat, and bowed down to their gods.", 25.3. "And Israel joined himself unto the Baal of Peor; and the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel.", 25.4. "And the LORD said unto Moses: ‘Take all the chiefs of the people, and hang them up unto the LORD in face of the sun, that the fierce anger of the LORD may turn away from Israel.’", 25.5. "And Moses said unto the judges of Israel: ‘Slay ye every one his men that have joined themselves unto the Baal of Peor.’", 25.6. "And, behold, one of the children of Israel came and brought unto his brethren a Midianitish woman in the sight of Moses, and in the sight of all the congregation of the children of Israel, while they were weeping at the door of the tent of meeting.", 25.7. "And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up from the midst of the congregation, and took a spear in his hand.", 25.8. "And he went after the man of Israel into the chamber, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly. So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel.", 25.9. "And those that died by the plague were twenty and four thousand.", |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 10.8-10.11 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349| 10.8. "וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר׃", 10.9. "יַיִן וְשֵׁכָר אַל־תֵּשְׁתְּ אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ אִתָּךְ בְּבֹאֲכֶם אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְלֹא תָמֻתוּ חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם׃", 10.11. "וּלְהוֹרֹת אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת כָּל־הַחֻקִּים אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהוָה אֲלֵיהֶם בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה׃", | 10.8. "And the LORD spoke unto Aaron, saying:", 10.9. "’Drink no wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tent of meeting, that ye die not; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations.", 10.10. "And that ye may put difference between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean;", 10.11. "and that ye may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the LORD hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses.’", |
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7. Hebrew Bible, 1 Samuel, 2.27-2.36, 4.1-4.11, 5.11-5.18 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349, 353; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 130| 2.27. "וַיָּבֹא אִישׁ־אֱלֹהִים אֶל־עֵלִי וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה הֲנִגְלֹה נִגְלֵיתִי אֶל־בֵּית אָבִיךָ בִּהְיוֹתָם בְּמִצְרַיִם לְבֵית פַּרְעֹה׃", 2.28. "וּבָחֹר אֹתוֹ מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לִי לְכֹהֵן לַעֲלוֹת עַל־מִזְבְּחִי לְהַקְטִיר קְטֹרֶת לָשֵׂאת אֵפוֹד לְפָנָי וָאֶתְּנָה לְבֵית אָבִיךָ אֶת־כָּל־אִשֵּׁי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 2.29. "לָמָּה תִבְעֲטוּ בְּזִבְחִי וּבְמִנְחָתִי אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִי מָעוֹן וַתְּכַבֵּד אֶת־בָּנֶיךָ מִמֶּנִּי לְהַבְרִיאֲכֶם מֵרֵאשִׁית כָּל־מִנְחַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעַמִּי׃", 2.31. "הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים וְגָדַעְתִּי אֶת־זְרֹעֲךָ וְאֶת־זְרֹעַ בֵּית אָבִיךָ מִהְיוֹת זָקֵן בְּבֵיתֶךָ׃", 2.32. "וְהִבַּטְתָּ צַר מָעוֹן בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יֵיטִיב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה זָקֵן בְּבֵיתְךָ כָּל־הַיָּמִים׃", 2.33. "וְאִישׁ לֹא־אַכְרִית לְךָ מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי לְכַלּוֹת אֶת־עֵינֶיךָ וְלַאֲדִיב אֶת־נַפְשֶׁךָ וְכָל־מַרְבִּית בֵּיתְךָ יָמוּתוּ אֲנָשִׁים׃", 2.34. "וְזֶה־לְּךָ הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר יָבֹא אֶל־שְׁנֵי בָנֶיךָ אֶל־חָפְנִי וּפִינְחָס בְּיוֹם אֶחָד יָמוּתוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם׃", 2.35. "וַהֲקִימֹתִי לִי כֹּהֵן נֶאֱמָן כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּלְבָבִי וּבְנַפְשִׁי יַעֲשֶׂה וּבָנִיתִי לוֹ בַּיִת נֶאֱמָן וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵי־מְשִׁיחִי כָּל־הַיָּמִים׃", 2.36. "וְהָיָה כָּל־הַנּוֹתָר בְּבֵיתְךָ יָבוֹא לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺת לוֹ לַאֲגוֹרַת כֶּסֶף וְכִכַּר־לָחֶם וְאָמַר סְפָחֵנִי נָא אֶל־אַחַת הַכְּהֻנּוֹת לֶאֱכֹל פַּת־לָחֶם׃", 4.1. "וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים וַיִּנָּגֶף יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּנֻסוּ אִישׁ לְאֹהָלָיו וַתְּהִי הַמַּכָּה גְּדוֹלָה מְאֹד וַיִּפֹּל מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל שְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף רַגְלִי׃", 4.1. "וַיְהִי דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּצֵא יִשְׂרָאֵל לִקְרַאת פְּלִשְׁתִּים לַמִּלְחָמָה וַיַּחֲנוּ עַל־הָאֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּים חָנוּ בַאֲפֵק׃", 4.2. "וּכְעֵת מוּתָהּ וַתְּדַבֵּרְנָה הַנִּצָּבוֹת עָלֶיהָ אַל־תִּירְאִי כִּי בֵן יָלָדְתְּ וְלֹא עָנְתָה וְלֹא־שָׁתָה לִבָּהּ׃", 4.2. "וַיַּעַרְכוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לִקְרַאת יִשְׂרָאֵל וַתִּטֹּשׁ הַמִּלְחָמָה וַיִּנָּגֶף יִשְׂרָאֵל לִפְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים וַיַּכּוּ בַמַּעֲרָכָה בַּשָּׂדֶה כְּאַרְבַּעַת אֲלָפִים אִישׁ׃", 4.3. "וַיָּבֹא הָעָם אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה וַיֹּאמְרוּ זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָמָּה נְגָפָנוּ יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִפְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים נִקְחָה אֵלֵינוּ מִשִּׁלֹה אֶת־אֲרוֹן בְּרִית יְהוָה וְיָבֹא בְקִרְבֵּנוּ וְיֹשִׁעֵנוּ מִכַּף אֹיְבֵינוּ׃", 4.4. "וַיִּשְׁלַח הָעָם שִׁלֹה וַיִּשְׂאוּ מִשָּׁם אֵת אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת יֹשֵׁב הַכְּרֻבִים וְשָׁם שְׁנֵי בְנֵי־עֵלִי עִם־אֲרוֹן בְּרִית הָאֱלֹהִים חָפְנִי וּפִינְחָס׃", 4.5. "וַיְהִי כְּבוֹא אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה וַיָּרִעוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל תְּרוּעָה גְדוֹלָה וַתֵּהֹם הָאָרֶץ׃", 4.6. "וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים אֶת־קוֹל הַתְּרוּעָה וַיֹּאמְרוּ מֶה קוֹל הַתְּרוּעָה הַגְּדוֹלָה הַזֹּאת בְּמַחֲנֵה הָעִבְרִים וַיֵּדְעוּ כִּי אֲרוֹן יְהוָה בָּא אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה׃", 4.7. "וַיִּרְאוּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים כִּי אָמְרוּ בָּא אֱלֹהִים אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה וַיֹּאמְרוּ אוֹי לָנוּ כִּי לֹא הָיְתָה כָּזֹאת אֶתְמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם׃", 4.8. "אוֹי לָנוּ מִי יַצִּילֵנוּ מִיַּד הָאֱלֹהִים הָאַדִּירִים הָאֵלֶּה אֵלֶּה הֵם הָאֱלֹהִים הַמַּכִּים אֶת־מִצְרַיִם בְּכָל־מַכָּה בַּמִּדְבָּר׃", 4.9. "הִתְחַזְּקוּ וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים פְּלִשְׁתִּים פֶּן תַּעַבְדוּ לָעִבְרִים כַּאֲשֶׁר עָבְדוּ לָכֶם וִהְיִיתֶם לַאֲנָשִׁים וְנִלְחַמְתֶּם׃", 4.11. "וַאֲרוֹן אֱלֹהִים נִלְקָח וּשְׁנֵי בְנֵי־עֵלִי מֵתוּ חָפְנִי וּפִינְחָס׃", 5.11. "וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ וַיַּאַסְפוּ אֶת־כָּל־סַרְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים וַיֹּאמְרוּ שַׁלְּחוּ אֶת־אֲרוֹן אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיָשֹׁב לִמְקֹמוֹ וְלֹא־יָמִית אֹתִי וְאֶת־עַמִּי כִּי־הָיְתָה מְהוּמַת־מָוֶת בְּכָל־הָעִיר כָּבְדָה מְאֹד יַד הָאֱלֹהִים שָׁם׃", 5.12. "וְהָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־מֵתוּ הֻכּוּ בעפלים [בַּטְּחֹרִים] וַתַּעַל שַׁוְעַת הָעִיר הַשָּׁמָיִם׃", | 2.27. "And there came a man of God to ῾Eli and said to him, Thus says the Lord, Did I not appear to the house of thy father, when they were in Miżrayim in the house of Par῾o?", 2.28. "And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Yisra᾽el to be my priest, to offer upon my altar, to burn incense, to wear an efod before me? and did I give to the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Yisra᾽el?", 2.29. "Wherefore do you kick at my sacrifice and at my offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Yisra᾽el my people?", 2.30. "Wherefore the Lord God of Yisra᾽el says, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me forever; but now the Lord says, Far be it from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.", 2.31. "Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thy arm, and the arm of thy father’s house, that there shall not be an old man in thy house.", 2.32. "And thou shalt see a rival in thy habitation, enjoying all wealth which God shall give Yisra᾽el: and there shall not be an old man in thy house forever.", 2.33. "And thy descendants shall I not cut off from my altar, but they shall be there to consume thy eyes, and to grieve thy heart: and all the greater folk of thy house shall die in the flower of their age.", 2.34. "And this shall be a sign to thee, that shall come upon thy two sons, on Ĥofni and Pineĥas; in one day they shall die both of them.", 2.35. "And I will raise me up a faithful priest, that shall do according to that which is in my heart and in my mind: and I will build him a sure house; and he shall walk before my anointed forever.", 2.36. "And it shall come to pass, that everyone that is left in thy house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of silver and a loaf of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests’ offices, that I may eat a piece of bread.", 4.1. "And the word of Shemu᾽el came to all Yisra᾽el. Now Yisra᾽el went out against the Pelishtim to battle, and they pitched by Even-ha῾ezer: and the Pelishtim pitched in Afeq.", 4.2. "And the Pelishtim put themselves in battle order against Yisra᾽el: and when they joined battle, Yisra᾽el was beaten before the Pelishtim: and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.", 4.3. "And when the people had come into the camp, the elders of Yisra᾽el said, Why has the Lord smitten us to day before the Pelishtim? Let us fetch the ark of the covet of the Lord out of Shilo to us, that, when it comes among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies.", 4.4. "So the people sent to Shilo, that they might bring from there the ark of the covet of the Lord of hosts, who sits upon the keruvim: and the two sons of ῾Eli, Ĥofni and Pineĥas, were there with the ark of the covet of God.", 4.5. "And when the ark of the covet of the Lord came into the camp, all Yisra᾽el shouted with a great shout, so that the earth trembled.", 4.6. "And when the Pelishtim heard the noise of the shout, they said, What is the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? And they understood that the ark of the Lord was come into the camp.", 4.7. "And the Pelishtim were afraid, for they said, God is come into the camp. And they said, Woe to us for there has not been such a thing before now.", 4.8. "Woe to us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty gods? these are the gods that smote Miżrayim with all the plagues in the wilderness.", 4.9. "Strengthen yourselves and act like men, O Pelishtim, lest you fall slaves to the Hebrews, as they have been slaves to you: quit yourselves like men, and fight.", 4.10. "And the Pelishtim fought, and Yisra᾽el was beaten, and they fled every man to his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Yisra᾽el thirty thousand foot soldiers.", 4.11. "And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of ῾Eli, Ĥofni and Pineĥas, were slain.", 5.11. "So they sent and gathered together all the lords of the Pelishtim, and said, Send away the ark of the God of Yisra᾽el, and let it go back to its own place, that it slay us not, and our people: for there was a deadly panic throughout all the city; the hand of God was very heavy there.", 5.12. "And the men that died not were smitten with swellings: and the cry of the city went up to heaven.", |
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8. Hebrew Bible, 2 Kings, 2.18-2.22, 18.13-18.37, 19.35-19.36, 24.12, 25.1-25.10 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349, 353, 354, 356, 357| 2.18. "וַיָּשֻׁבוּ אֵלָיו וְהוּא יֹשֵׁב בִּירִיחוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם הֲלוֹא־אָמַרְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶם אַל־תֵּלֵכוּ׃", 2.19. "וַיֹּאמְרוּ אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע הִנֵּה־נָא מוֹשַׁב הָעִיר טוֹב כַּאֲשֶׁר אֲדֹנִי רֹאֶה וְהַמַּיִם רָעִים וְהָאָרֶץ מְשַׁכָּלֶת׃", 2.21. "וַיֵּצֵא אֶל־מוֹצָא הַמַּיִם וַיַּשְׁלֶךְ־שָׁם מֶלַח וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה רִפִּאתִי לַמַּיִם הָאֵלֶּה לֹא־יִהְיֶה מִשָּׁם עוֹד מָוֶת וּמְשַׁכָּלֶת׃", 2.22. "וַיֵּרָפוּ הַמַּיִם עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה כִּדְבַר אֱלִישָׁע אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר׃", 18.13. "וּבְאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה לַמֶּלֶךְ חִזְקִיָּה עָלָה סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר עַל כָּל־עָרֵי יְהוּדָה הַבְּצֻרוֹת וַיִּתְפְּשֵׂם׃", 18.14. "וַיִּשְׁלַח חִזְקִיָּה מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה אֶל־מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר לָכִישָׁה לֵאמֹר חָטָאתִי שׁוּב מֵעָלַי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־תִּתֵּן עָלַי אֶשָּׂא וַיָּשֶׂם מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר עַל־חִזְקִיָּה מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת כִּכַּר־כֶּסֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁים כִּכַּר זָהָב׃", 18.15. "וַיִּתֵּן חִזְקִיָּה אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּסֶף הַנִּמְצָא בֵית־יְהוָה וּבְאֹצְרוֹת בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ׃", 18.16. "בָּעֵת הַהִיא קִצַּץ חִזְקִיָּה אֶת־דַּלְתוֹת הֵיכַל יְהוָה וְאֶת־הָאֹמְנוֹת אֲשֶׁר צִפָּה חִזְקִיָּה מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה וַיִּתְּנֵם לְמֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר׃", 18.17. "וַיִּשְׁלַח מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר אֶת־תַּרְתָּן וְאֶת־רַב־סָרִיס וְאֶת־רַב־שָׁקֵה מִן־לָכִישׁ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ חִזְקִיָּהוּ בְּחֵיל כָּבֵד יְרוּשָׁלִָם וַיַּעֲלוּ וַיָּבֹאוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַם וַיַּעֲלוּ וַיָּבֹאוּ וַיַּעַמְדוּ בִּתְעָלַת הַבְּרֵכָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה אֲשֶׁר בִּמְסִלַּת שְׂדֵה כוֹבֵס׃", 18.18. "וַיִּקְרְאוּ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֵּצֵא אֲלֵהֶם אֶלְיָקִים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּהוּ אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבָּיִת וְשֶׁבְנָה הַסֹּפֵר וְיוֹאָח בֶּן־אָסָף הַמַּזְכִּיר׃", 18.19. "וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם רַב־שָׁקֵה אִמְרוּ־נָא אֶל־חִזְקִיָּהוּ כֹּה־אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר מָה הַבִּטָּחוֹן הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר בָּטָחְתָּ׃", 18.21. "עַתָּה הִנֵּה בָטַחְתָּ לְּךָ עַל־מִשְׁעֶנֶת הַקָּנֶה הָרָצוּץ הַזֶּה עַל־מִצְרַיִם אֲשֶׁר יִסָּמֵךְ אִישׁ עָלָיו וּבָא בְכַפּוֹ וּנְקָבָהּ כֵּן פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם לְכָל־הַבֹּטְחִים עָלָיו׃", 18.22. "וְכִי־תֹאמְרוּן אֵלַי אֶל־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ בָּטָחְנוּ הֲלוֹא־הוּא אֲשֶׁר הֵסִיר חִזְקִיָּהוּ אֶת־בָּמֹתָיו וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לִיהוּדָה וְלִירוּשָׁלִַם לִפְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ הַזֶּה תִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ בִּירוּשָׁלִָם׃", 18.23. "וְעַתָּה הִתְעָרֶב נָא אֶת־אֲדֹנִי אֶת־מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר וְאֶתְּנָה לְךָ אַלְפַּיִם סוּסִים אִם־תּוּכַל לָתֶת לְךָ רֹכְבִים עֲלֵיהֶם׃", 18.24. "וְאֵיךְ תָּשִׁיב אֵת פְּנֵי פַחַת אַחַד עַבְדֵי אֲדֹנִי הַקְּטַנִּים וַתִּבְטַח לְךָ עַל־מִצְרַיִם לְרֶכֶב וּלְפָרָשִׁים׃", 18.25. "עַתָּה הֲמִבַּלְעֲדֵי יְהוָה עָלִיתִי עַל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה לְהַשְׁחִתוֹ יְהוָה אָמַר אֵלַי עֲלֵה עַל־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת וְהַשְׁחִיתָהּ׃", 18.26. "וַיֹּאמֶר אֶלְיָקִים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּהוּ וְשֶׁבְנָה וְיוֹאָח אֶל־רַב־שָׁקֵה דַּבֶּר־נָא אֶל־עֲבָדֶיךָ אֲרָמִית כִּי שֹׁמְעִים אֲנָחְנוּ וְאַל־תְּדַבֵּר עִמָּנוּ יְהוּדִית בְּאָזְנֵי הָעָם אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַחֹמָה׃", 18.27. "וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם רַב־שָׁקֵה הַעַל אֲדֹנֶיךָ וְאֵלֶיךָ שְׁלָחַנִי אֲדֹנִי לְדַבֵּר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה הֲלֹא עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁים הַיֹּשְׁבִים עַל־הַחֹמָה לֶאֱכֹל אֶת חריהם [צוֹאָתָם] וְלִשְׁתּוֹת אֶת־שיניהם [מימֵי] [רַגְלֵיהֶם] עִמָּכֶם׃", 18.28. "וַיַּעֲמֹד רַב־שָׁקֵה וַיִּקְרָא בְקוֹל־גָּדוֹל יְהוּדִית וַיְדַבֵּר וַיֹּאמֶר שִׁמְעוּ דְּבַר־הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר׃", 18.29. "כֹּה אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ אַל־יַשִּׁיא לָכֶם חִזְקִיָּהוּ כִּי־לֹא יוּכַל לְהַצִּיל אֶתְכֶם מִיָּדוֹ׃", 18.31. "אַל־תִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּהוּ כִּי כֹה אָמַר מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר עֲשׂוּ־אִתִּי בְרָכָה וּצְאוּ אֵלַי וְאִכְלוּ אִישׁ־גַּפְנוֹ וְאִישׁ תְּאֵנָתוֹ וּשְׁתוּ אִישׁ מֵי־בוֹרוֹ׃", 18.32. "עַד־בֹּאִי וְלָקַחְתִּי אֶתְכֶם אֶל־אֶרֶץ כְּאַרְצְכֶם אֶרֶץ דָּגָן וְתִירוֹשׁ אֶרֶץ לֶחֶם וּכְרָמִים אֶרֶץ זֵית יִצְהָר וּדְבַשׁ וִחְיוּ וְלֹא תָמֻתוּ וְאַל־תִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּהוּ כִּי־יַסִּית אֶתְכֶם לֵאמֹר יְהוָה יַצִּילֵנוּ׃", 18.33. "הַהַצֵּל הִצִּילוּ אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם אִישׁ אֶת־אַרְצוֹ מִיַּד מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר׃", 18.34. "אַיֵּה אֱלֹהֵי חֲמָת וְאַרְפָּד אַיֵּה אֱלֹהֵי סְפַרְוַיִם הֵנַע וְעִוָּה כִּי־הִצִּילוּ אֶת־שֹׁמְרוֹן מִיָּדִי׃", 18.35. "מִי בְּכָל־אֱלֹהֵי הָאֲרָצוֹת אֲשֶׁר־הִצִּילוּ אֶת־אַרְצָם מִיָּדִי כִּי־יַצִּיל יְהוָה אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַם מִיָּדִי׃", 18.36. "וְהֶחֱרִישׁוּ הָעָם וְלֹא־עָנוּ אֹתוֹ דָּבָר כִּי־מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא לֵאמֹר לֹא תַעֲנֻהוּ׃", 18.37. "וַיָּבֹא אֶלְיָקִים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּה אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַבַּיִת וְשֶׁבְנָא הַסֹּפֵר וְיוֹאָח בֶּן־אָסָף הַמַּזְכִּיר אֶל־חִזְקִיָּהוּ קְרוּעֵי בְגָדִים וַיַּגִּדוּ לוֹ דִּבְרֵי רַב־שָׁקֵה׃", 19.35. "וַיְהִי בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא וַיֵּצֵא מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה וַיַּךְ בְּמַחֲנֵה אַשּׁוּר מֵאָה שְׁמוֹנִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה אָלֶף וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ בַבֹּקֶר וְהִנֵּה כֻלָּם פְּגָרִים מֵתִים׃", 19.36. "וַיִּסַּע וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיָּשָׁב סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּנִינְוֵה׃", 24.12. "וַיֵּצֵא יְהוֹיָכִין מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה עַל־מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל הוּא וְאִמּוֹ וַעֲבָדָיו וְשָׂרָיו וְסָרִיסָיו וַיִּקַּח אֹתוֹ מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל בִּשְׁנַת שְׁמֹנֶה לְמָלְכוֹ׃", 25.1. "וְאֶת־חוֹמֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם סָבִיב נָתְצוּ כָּל־חֵיל כַּשְׂדִּים אֲשֶׁר רַב־טַבָּחִים׃", 25.1. "וַיְהִי בִשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְמָלְכוֹ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ בָּא נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל הוּא וְכָל־חֵילוֹ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַם וַיִּחַן עָלֶיהָ וַיִּבְנוּ עָלֶיהָ דָּיֵק סָבִיב׃", 25.2. "וַיִּקַּח אֹתָם נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן רַב־טַבָּחִים וַיֹּלֶךְ אֹתָם עַל־מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל רִבְלָתָה׃", 25.2. "וַתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֹר עַד עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה לַמֶּלֶךְ צִדְקִיָּהוּ׃", 25.3. "בְּתִשְׁעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ וַיֶּחֱזַק הָרָעָב בָּעִיר וְלֹא־הָיָה לֶחֶם לְעַם הָאָרֶץ׃", 25.3. "וַאֲרֻחָתוֹ אֲרֻחַת תָּמִיד נִתְּנָה־לּוֹ מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ כֹּל יְמֵי חַיָּו׃", 25.4. "וַתִּבָּקַע הָעִיר וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַלַּיְלָה דֶּרֶךְ שַׁעַר בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם אֲשֶׁר עַל־גַּן הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכַשְׂדִּים עַל־הָעִיר סָבִיב וַיֵּלֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ הָעֲרָבָה׃", 25.5. "וַיִּרְדְּפוּ חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּים אַחַר הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּשִּׂגוּ אֹתוֹ בְּעַרְבוֹת יְרֵחוֹ וְכָל־חֵילוֹ נָפֹצוּ מֵעָלָיו׃", 25.6. "וַיִּתְפְּשׂוּ אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּעֲלוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל רִבְלָתָה וַיְדַבְּרוּ אִתּוֹ מִשְׁפָּט׃", 25.7. "וְאֶת־בְּנֵי צִדְקִיָּהוּ שָׁחֲטוּ לְעֵינָיו וְאֶת־עֵינֵי צִדְקִיָּהוּ עִוֵּר וַיַּאַסְרֵהוּ בַנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם וַיְבִאֵהוּ בָּבֶל׃", 25.8. "וּבַחֹדֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁי בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ הִיא שְׁנַת תְּשַׁע־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה לַמֶּלֶךְ נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל בָּא נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן רַב־טַבָּחִים עֶבֶד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל יְרוּשָׁלִָם׃", 25.9. "וַיִּשְׂרֹף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָה וְאֶת־בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ וְאֵת כָּל־בָּתֵּי יְרוּשָׁלִַם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּית גָּדוֹל שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ׃", | 2.18. "And they came back to him, while he tarried at Jericho; and he said unto them: ‘Did I not say unto you: Go not?’", 2.19. "And the men of the city said unto Elisha: ‘Behold, we pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth; but the water is bad, and the land miscarrieth.", 2.20. "And he said: ‘Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein.’ And they brought it to him.", 2.21. "And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast salt therein, and said: ‘Thus saith the LORD: I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or miscarrying.’", 2.22. "So the waters were healed unto this day, according to the word of Elisha which he spoke.", 18.13. "Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.", 18.14. "And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to Lachish, saying: ‘I have offended; return from me; that which thou puttest on me will I bear.’ And the king of Assyria appointed unto Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.", 18.15. "And Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king’s house.", 18.16. "At that time did Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the LORD, and from the door-posts which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria.", 18.17. "And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rab-saris and Rab-shakeh from Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great army unto Jerusalem. And they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the fullers’field.", 18.18. "And when they had called to the king, there came out to them Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebnah the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder.", 18.19. "And Rab-shakeh said unto them: ‘Say ye now to Hezekiah: Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria: What confidence is this wherein thou trustest?", 18.20. "Sayest thou that a mere word of the lips is counsel and strength for the war? Now on whom dost thou trust, that thou hast rebelled against me?", 18.21. "Now, behold, thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt; whereon if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it; so is Pharaoh king of Egypt unto all that trust on him.", 18.22. "But if ye say unto me: We trust in the LORD our God; is not that He, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and hath said to Judah and to Jerusalem: Ye shall worship before this altar in Jerusalem?", 18.23. "Now therefore, I pray thee, make a wager with my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them.", 18.24. "How then canst thou turn away the face of one captain, even of the least of my masters servants? and yet thou puttest thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen!", 18.25. "Am I now come up without the LORD against this place to destroy it? The LORD said unto me: Go up against this land, destroy it.’", 18.26. "Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebnah, and Joah, unto Rab-shakeh: ‘Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Aramean language; for we understand it; and speak not with us in the Jews’language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall.’", 18.27. "But Rab-shakeh said unto them: ‘Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?’", 18.28. "Then Rab-shakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews’language, and spoke, saying: ‘Hear ye the word of the great king, the king of Assyria.", 18.29. "Thus saith the king: Let not Hezekiah beguile you; for he will not be able to deliver you out of his hand;", 18.30. "neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying: The LORD will surely deliver us, and this city shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.", 18.31. "Hearken not to Hezekiah; for thus saith the king of Assyria: Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig-tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern;", 18.32. "until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of olive-trees and of honey, that ye may live, and not die; and hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you, saying: The LORD will deliver us.", 18.33. "Hath any of the gods of the nations ever delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria?", 18.34. "Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?", 18.35. "Who are they among all the gods of the countries, that have delivered their country out of my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?’", 18.36. "But the people held their peace, and answered him not a word; for the king’s commandment was, saying: ‘Answer him not.’", 18.37. "Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rab-shakeh.", 19.35. "And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred fourscore and five thousand; and when men arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.", 19.36. "So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh.", 24.12. "And Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers; and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of his reign.", 25.1. "And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and they built forts against it round about.", 25.2. "So the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.", 25.3. "On the ninth day of the [fourth] month the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land.", 25.4. "Then a breach was made in the city, and all the men of war [fled] by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king’s garden—now the Chaldeans were against the city round about—and the king went by the way of the Arabah.", 25.5. "But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook him in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.", 25.6. "Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of Babylon to Riblah; and they gave judgment upon him.", 25.7. "And they slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes, and put out the eyes of Zedekiah, and bound him in fetters, and carried him to Babylon.", 25.8. "Now in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem.", 25.9. "And he burnt the house of the LORD, and the king’s house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, even every great man’s house, burnt he with fire.", 25.10. "And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were with the captain of the guard, broke down the walls of Jerusalem round about.", |
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9. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 7.14, 19.18-19.19 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities •jewish antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 345, 349; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 53, 105| 7.14. "לָכֵן יִתֵּן אֲדֹנָי הוּא לָכֶם אוֹת הִנֵּה הָעַלְמָה הָרָה וְיֹלֶדֶת בֵּן וְקָרָאת שְׁמוֹ עִמָּנוּ אֵל׃", 19.18. "בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יִהְיוּ חָמֵשׁ עָרִים בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מְדַבְּרוֹת שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן וְנִשְׁבָּעוֹת לַיהוָה צְבָאוֹת עִיר הַהֶרֶס יֵאָמֵר לְאֶחָת׃", 19.19. "בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יִהְיֶה מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהוָה בְּתוֹךְ אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וּמַצֵּבָה אֵצֶל־גְּבוּלָהּ לַיהוָה׃", | 7.14. "Therefore the Lord Himself shall give you a sign: behold, the young woman shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.", 19.18. "In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called The city of destruction.", 19.19. "In that day shall there be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to the LORD.", |
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10. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 7.34, 26.8-26.11, 37.11-37.21 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349, 356| 7.34. "וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי מֵעָרֵי יְהוּדָה וּמֵחֻצוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן וְקוֹל שִׂמְחָה קוֹל חָתָן וְקוֹל כַּלָּה כִּי לְחָרְבָּה תִּהְיֶה הָאָרֶץ׃", 26.8. "וַיְהִי כְּכַלּוֹת יִרְמְיָהוּ לְדַבֵּר אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה לְדַבֵּר אֶל־כָּל־הָעָם וַיִּתְפְּשׂוּ אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַנְּבִאִים וְכָל־הָעָם לֵאמֹר מוֹת תָּמוּת׃", 26.9. "מַדּוּעַ נִבֵּיתָ בְשֵׁם־יְהוָה לֵאמֹר כְּשִׁלוֹ יִהְיֶה הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה וְהָעִיר הַזֹּאת תֶּחֱרַב מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב וַיִּקָּהֵל כָּל־הָעָם אֶל־יִרְמְיָהוּ בְּבֵית יְהוָה׃", 26.11. "וַיֹּאמְרוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַנְּבִאִים אֶל־הַשָּׂרִים וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָם לֵאמֹר מִשְׁפַּט־מָוֶת לָאִישׁ הַזֶּה כִּי נִבָּא אֶל־הָעִיר הַזֹּאת כַּאֲשֶׁר שְׁמַעְתֶּם בְּאָזְנֵיכֶם׃", 37.11. "וְהָיָה בְּהֵעָלוֹת חֵיל הַכַּשְׂדִּים מֵעַל יְרוּשָׁלִָם מִפְּנֵי חֵיל פַּרְעֹה׃", 37.12. "וַיֵּצֵא יִרְמְיָהוּ מִירוּשָׁלִַם לָלֶכֶת אֶרֶץ בִּנְיָמִן לַחֲלִק מִשָּׁם בְּתוֹךְ הָעָם׃", 37.13. "וַיְהִי־הוּא בְּשַׁעַר בִּנְיָמִן וְשָׁם בַּעַל פְּקִדֻת וּשְׁמוֹ יִרְאִיָּיה בֶּן־שֶׁלֶמְיָה בֶּן־חֲנַנְיָה וַיִּתְפֹּשׂ אֶת־יִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא לֵאמֹר אֶל־הַכַּשְׂדִּים אַתָּה נֹפֵל׃", 37.14. "וַיֹּאמֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ שֶׁקֶר אֵינֶנִּי נֹפֵל עַל־הַכַּשְׂדִּים וְלֹא שָׁמַע אֵלָיו וַיִּתְפֹּשׂ יִרְאִיָּיה בְּיִרְמְיָהוּ וַיְבִאֵהוּ אֶל־הַשָּׂרִים׃", 37.15. "וַיִּקְצְפוּ הַשָּׂרִים עַל־יִרְמְיָהוּ וְהִכּוּ אֹתוֹ וְנָתְנוּ אוֹתוֹ בֵּית הָאֵסוּר בֵּית יְהוֹנָתָן הַסֹּפֵר כִּי־אֹתוֹ עָשׂוּ לְבֵית הַכֶּלֶא׃", 37.16. "כִּי בָא יִרְמְיָהוּ אֶל־בֵּית הַבּוֹר וְאֶל־הַחֲנֻיוֹת וַיֵּשֶׁב־שָׁם יִרְמְיָהוּ יָמִים רַבִּים׃", 37.17. "וַיִּשְׁלַח הַמֶּלֶךְ צִדְקִיָּהוּ וַיִּקָּחֵהוּ וַיִּשְׁאָלֵהוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּבֵיתוֹ בַּסֵּתֶר וַיֹּאמֶר הֲיֵשׁ דָּבָר מֵאֵת יְהוָה וַיֹּאמֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ יֵשׁ וַיֹּאמֶר בְּיַד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל תִּנָּתֵן׃", 37.18. "וַיֹּאמֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ צִדְקִיָּהוּ מֶה חָטָאתִי לְךָ וְלַעֲבָדֶיךָ וְלָעָם הַזֶּה כִּי־נְתַתֶּם אוֹתִי אֶל־בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא׃", 37.19. "ואיו [וְאַיֵּה] נְבִיאֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר־נִבְּאוּ לָכֶם לֵאמֹר לֹא־יָבֹא מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל עֲלֵיכֶם וְעַל הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת׃", 37.21. "וַיְצַוֶּה הַמֶּלֶךְ צִדְקִיָּהוּ וַיַּפְקִדוּ אֶת־יִרְמְיָהוּ בַּחֲצַר הַמַּטָּרָה וְנָתֹן לוֹ כִכַּר־לֶחֶם לַיּוֹם מִחוּץ הָאֹפִים עַד־תֹּם כָּל־הַלֶּחֶם מִן־הָעִיר וַיֵּשֶׁב יִרְמְיָהוּ בַּחֲצַר הַמַּטָּרָה׃", | 7.34. "Then will I cause to cease from the cities of Judah, and from the streets of Jerusalem, the voice of mirth and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride; for the land shall be desolate.", 26.8. "Now it came to pass, when Jeremiah had made an end of speaking all that the LORD had commanded him to speak unto all the people, that the priests and the prophets and all the people laid hold on him, saying: ‘Thou shalt surely die.", 26.9. "Why hast thou prophesied in the name of the LORD, saying: This house shall be like Shiloh, and this city shall be desolate, without an inhabitant?’ And all the people were gathered against Jeremiah in the house of the LORD.", 26.10. "When the princes of Judah heard these things, they came up from the king’s house unto the house of the LORD; and they sat in the entry of the new gate of the LORD’S house.", 26.11. "Then spoke the priests and the prophets unto the princes and to all the people, saying: ‘This man is worthy of death; for he hath prophesied against this city, as ye have heard with your ears.’", 37.11. "And it came to pass, that when the army of the Chaldeans was broken up from Jerusalem for fear of Pharaoh’s army,", 37.12. "then Jeremiah went forth out of Jerusalem to go into the land of Benjamin, to receive his portion there, in the midst of the people.", 37.13. "And when he was in the gate of Benjamin, a captain of the ward was there, whose name was Irijah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Haiah; and he laid hold on Jeremiah the prophet, saying: ‘Thou fallest away to the Chaldeans.’", 37.14. "Then said Jeremiah: ‘It is false; I fall not away to the Chaldeans’; but he hearkened not to him; so Irijah laid hold on Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes.", 37.15. "And the princes were wroth with Jeremiah, and smote him, and put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe; for they had made that the prison.", 37.16. "When Jeremiah was come into the dungeon-house, and into the cells, and Jeremiah had remained there many days;", 37.17. "then Zedekiah the king sent, and fetched him; and the king asked him secretly in his house, and said: ‘Is there any word from the LORD?’ And Jeremiah said: ‘There is.’ He said also: ‘Thou shalt be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon.’", 37.18. "Moreover Jeremiah said unto king Zedekiah: ‘Wherein have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?", 37.19. "Where now are your prophets that prophesied unto you, saying: The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?", 37.20. "And now hear, I pray thee, O my lord the king: let my supplication, I pray thee, be presented before thee; that thou cause me not to return to the house of Jonathan the scribe, lest I die there.’", 37.21. "Then Zedekiah the king commanded, and they committed Jeremiah into the court of the guard, and they gave him daily a loaf of bread out of the bakers’street, until all the bread in the city was spent. Thus Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard.", |
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11. Hebrew Bible, 1 Kings, 8.41-8.43, 14.25 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •conversion, conversion/adherence in josephus, in jewish antiquities •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 200; Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349| 8.41. "וְגַם אֶל־הַנָּכְרִי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־מֵעַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא וּבָא מֵאֶרֶץ רְחוֹקָה לְמַעַן שְׁמֶךָ׃", 8.42. "כִּי יִשְׁמְעוּן אֶת־שִׁמְךָ הַגָּדוֹל וְאֶת־יָדְךָ הַחֲזָקָה וּזְרֹעֲךָ הַנְּטוּיָה וּבָא וְהִתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה׃", 8.43. "אַתָּה תִּשְׁמַע הַשָּׁמַיִם מְכוֹן שִׁבְתֶּךָ וְעָשִׂיתָ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָא אֵלֶיךָ הַנָּכְרִי לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּן כָּל־עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ אֶת־שְׁמֶךָ לְיִרְאָה אֹתְךָ כְּעַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָדַעַת כִּי־שִׁמְךָ נִקְרָא עַל־הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר בָּנִיתִי׃", 14.25. "וַיְהִי בַּשָּׁנָה הַחֲמִישִׁית לַמֶּלֶךְ רְחַבְעָם עָלָה שושק [שִׁישַׁק] מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָם׃", | 8.41. "Moreover concerning the stranger that is not of Thy people Israel, when he shall come out of a far country for Thy name’s sake—", 8.42. "for they shall hear of Thy great name, and of Thy mighty hand, and of Thine outstretched arm—when he shall come and pray toward this house;", 8.43. "hear Thou in heaven Thy dwelling-place, and do according to all that the stranger calleth to Thee for; that all the peoples of the earth may know Thy name, to fear Thee, as doth Thy people Israel, and that they may know that Thy name is called upon this house which I have built.", 14.25. "And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem;", |
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12. Hebrew Bible, Joshua, 2.9-2.11 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •conversion, conversion/adherence in josephus, in jewish antiquities •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 200; Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349| 2.9. "וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁים יָדַעְתִּי כִּי־נָתַן יְהוָה לָכֶם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְכִי־נָפְלָה אֵימַתְכֶם עָלֵינוּ וְכִי נָמֹגוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶם׃", 2.11. "וַנִּשְׁמַע וַיִּמַּס לְבָבֵנוּ וְלֹא־קָמָה עוֹד רוּחַ בְּאִישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶם כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הוּא אֱלֹהִים בַּשָּׁמַיִם מִמַּעַל וְעַל־הָאָרֶץ מִתָּחַת׃", | 2.9. "and she said unto the men: ‘I know that the LORD hath given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt away before you.", 2.10. "For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red Sea before you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan, unto Sihon and to Og, whom ye utterly destroyed.", 2.11. "And as soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more spirit in any man, because of you; for the LORD your God, He is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath.", |
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| 13. Hebrew Bible, Judges, 14.1-16.31 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •audience, jewish and non-jewish, intended for antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 715 |
14. Hebrew Bible, Haggai, 1.1-1.8 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349| 1.1. "עַל־כֵּן עֲלֵיכֶם כָּלְאוּ שָמַיִם מִטָּל וְהָאָרֶץ כָּלְאָה יְבוּלָהּ׃", 1.1. "בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשִּׁשִּׁי בְּיוֹם אֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הָיָה דְבַר־יְהוָה בְּיַד־חַגַּי הַנָּבִיא אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶל בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל פַּחַת יְהוּדָה וְאֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל לֵאמֹר׃" 1.2. "כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת לֵאמֹר הָעָם הַזֶּה אָמְרוּ לֹא עֶת־בֹּא עֶת־בֵּית יְהוָה לְהִבָּנוֹת׃", 1.3. "וַיְהִי דְּבַר־יְהוָה בְּיַד־חַגַּי הַנָּבִיא לֵאמֹר׃", 1.4. "הַעֵת לָכֶם אַתֶּם לָשֶׁבֶת בְּבָתֵּיכֶם סְפוּנִים וְהַבַּיִת הַזֶּה חָרֵב׃", 1.5. "וְעַתָּה כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת שִׂימוּ לְבַבְכֶם עַל־דַּרְכֵיכֶם׃", 1.6. "זְרַעְתֶּם הַרְבֵּה וְהָבֵא מְעָט אָכוֹל וְאֵין־לְשָׂבְעָה שָׁתוֹ וְאֵין־לְשָׁכְרָה לָבוֹשׁ וְאֵין־לְחֹם לוֹ וְהַמִּשְׂתַּכֵּר מִשְׂתַּכֵּר אֶל־צְרוֹר נָקוּב׃", 1.7. "כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת שִׂימוּ לְבַבְכֶם עַל־דַּרְכֵיכֶם׃", 1.8. "עֲלוּ הָהָר וַהֲבֵאתֶם עֵץ וּבְנוּ הַבָּיִת וְאֶרְצֶה־בּוֹ ואכבד [וְאֶכָּבְדָה] אָמַר יְהוָה׃", | 1.1. "In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month, in the first day of the month, came the word of the LORD by Haggai the prophet unto Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, saying:" 1.2. "’Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying: This people say: The time is not come, the time that the LORD’S house should be built.’", 1.3. "Then came the word of the LORD by Haggai the prophet, saying:", 1.4. "’Is it a time for you yourselves to dwell in your cieled houses, while this house lieth waste?", 1.5. "Now therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts: Consider your ways.", 1.6. "Ye have sown much, and brought in little, Ye eat, but ye have not enough, Ye drink, but ye are not filled with drink, Ye clothe you, but there is none warm; And he that earneth wages earneth wages For a bag with holes.", 1.7. "Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Consider your ways.", 1.8. "Go up to the hill-country, and bring wood, and build the house; and I will take pleasure in it, and I will be glorified, saith the LORD.", |
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| 15. Aristophanes, The Women Celebrating The Thesmophoria, 50.1-50.21 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 92 |
16. Hebrew Bible, Nehemiah, 13.3-13.12, 15.11-15.12 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 75, 130| 13.3. "וְטִהַרְתִּים מִכָּל־נֵכָר וָאַעֲמִידָה מִשְׁמָרוֹת לַכֹּהֲנִים וְלַלְוִיִּם אִישׁ בִּמְלַאכְתּוֹ׃", 13.3. "וַיְהִי כְּשָׁמְעָם אֶת־הַתּוֹרָה וַיַּבְדִּילוּ כָל־עֵרֶב מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל׃", 13.4. "וְלִפְנֵי מִזֶּה אֶלְיָשִׁיב הַכֹּהֵן נָתוּן בְּלִשְׁכַּת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵינוּ קָרוֹב לְטוֹבִיָּה׃", 13.5. "וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ לִשְׁכָּה גְדוֹלָה וְשָׁם הָיוּ לְפָנִים נֹתְנִים אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה הַלְּבוֹנָה וְהַכֵּלִים וּמַעְשַׂר הַדָּגָן הַתִּירוֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָר מִצְוַת הַלְוִיִּם וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִים וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִים וּתְרוּמַת הַכֹּהֲנִים׃", 13.6. "וּבְכָל־זֶה לֹא הָיִיתִי בִּירוּשָׁלִָם כִּי בִּשְׁנַת שְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל בָּאתִי אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וּלְקֵץ יָמִים נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ׃", 13.7. "וָאָבוֹא לִירוּשָׁלִָם וָאָבִינָה בָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אֶלְיָשִׁיב לְטוֹבִיָּה לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ נִשְׁכָּה בְּחַצְרֵי בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים׃", 13.8. "וַיֵּרַע לִי מְאֹד וָאַשְׁלִיכָה אֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵי בֵית־טוֹבִיָּה הַחוּץ מִן־הַלִּשְׁכָּה׃", 13.9. "וָאֹמְרָה וַיְטַהֲרוּ הַלְּשָׁכוֹת וָאָשִׁיבָה שָּׁם כְּלֵי בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה וְהַלְּבוֹנָה׃", 13.11. "וָאָרִיבָה אֶת־הַסְּגָנִים וָאֹמְרָה מַדּוּעַ נֶעֱזַב בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִים וָאֶקְבְּצֵם וָאַעֲמִדֵם עַל־עָמְדָם׃", 13.12. "וְכָל־יְהוּדָה הֵבִיאוּ מַעְשַׂר הַדָּגָן וְהַתִּירוֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָר לָאוֹצָרוֹת׃", | 13.3. "And it came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they separated from Israel all the alien mixture.", 13.4. "Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the chambers of the house of our God, being allied unto Tobiah,", 13.5. "had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meal-offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the corn, the wine, and the oil, which were given by commandment to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the heave-offerings for the priests.", 13.6. "But in all this time I was not at Jerusalem; for in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon I went unto the king, and after certain days asked I leave of the king;", 13.7. "and I came to Jerusalem, and understood the evil that Eliashib had done for Tobiah, in preparing him a chamber in the courts of the house of God.", 13.8. "And it grieved me sore; therefore I cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber.", 13.9. "Then I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers; and thither brought I again the vessels of the house of God, with the meal-offerings and the frankincense.", 13.10. "And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them; so that the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field.", 13.11. "Then contended I with the rulers, and said: ‘Why is the house of God forsaken?’ And I gathered them together, and set them in their place.", 13.12. "Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the wine and the oil unto the treasuries.", |
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17. Herodotus, Histories, 2.123 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 355 | 2.123. These Egyptian stories are for the benefit of whoever believes such tales: my rule in this history is that I record what is said by all as I have heard it. The Egyptians say that Demeter and Dionysus are the rulers of the lower world. ,The Egyptians were the first who maintained the following doctrine, too, that the human soul is immortal, and at the death of the body enters into some other living thing then coming to birth; and after passing through all creatures of land, sea, and air, it enters once more into a human body at birth, a cycle which it completes in three thousand years. ,There are Greeks who have used this doctrine, some earlier and some later, as if it were their own; I know their names, but do not record them. |
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18. Hebrew Bible, Ezra, 1.1-1.8, 3.8 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities •jewish antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 349; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 93| 1.1. "כְּפוֹרֵי זָהָב שְׁלֹשִׁים כְּפוֹרֵי כֶסֶף מִשְׁנִים אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וַעֲשָׂרָה כֵּלִים אֲחֵרִים אָלֶף׃", 1.1. "וּבִשְׁנַת אַחַת לְכוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס לִכְלוֹת דְּבַר־יְהוָה מִפִּי יִרְמְיָה הֵעִיר יְהוָה אֶת־רוּחַ כֹּרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ־פָּרַס וַיַּעֲבֶר־קוֹל בְּכָל־מַלְכוּתוֹ וְגַם־בְּמִכְתָּב לֵאמֹר׃", 1.2. "כֹּה אָמַר כֹּרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס כֹּל מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ נָתַן לִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמָיִם וְהוּא־פָקַד עָלַי לִבְנוֹת־לוֹ בַיִת בִּירוּשָׁלִַם אֲשֶׁר בִּיהוּדָה׃", 1.3. "מִי־בָכֶם מִכָּל־עַמּוֹ יְהִי אֱלֹהָיו עִמּוֹ וְיַעַל לִירוּשָׁלִַם אֲשֶׁר בִּיהוּדָה וְיִבֶן אֶת־בֵּית יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִָם׃", 1.4. "וְכָל־הַנִּשְׁאָר מִכָּל־הַמְּקֹמוֹת אֲשֶׁר הוּא גָר־שָׁם יְנַשְּׂאוּהוּ אַנְשֵׁי מְקֹמוֹ בְּכֶסֶף וּבְזָהָב וּבִרְכוּשׁ וּבִבְהֵמָה עִם־הַנְּדָבָה לְבֵית הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִָם׃", 1.5. "וַיָּקוּמוּ רָאשֵׁי הָאָבוֹת לִיהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִן וְהַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם לְכֹל הֵעִיר הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת־רוּחוֹ לַעֲלוֹת לִבְנוֹת אֶת־בֵּית יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִָם׃", 1.6. "וְכָל־סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם חִזְּקוּ בִידֵיהֶם בִּכְלֵי־כֶסֶף בַּזָּהָב בָּרְכוּשׁ וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבַמִּגְדָּנוֹת לְבַד עַל־כָּל־הִתְנַדֵּב׃", 1.7. "וְהַמֶּלֶךְ כּוֹרֶשׁ הוֹצִיא אֶת־כְּלֵי בֵית־יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הוֹצִיא נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מִירוּשָׁלִַם וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּבֵית אֱלֹהָיו׃", 1.8. "וַיּוֹצִיאֵם כּוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס עַל־יַד מִתְרְדָת הַגִּזְבָּר וַיִּסְפְּרֵם לְשֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר הַנָּשִׂיא לִיהוּדָה׃", 3.8. "וּבַשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית לְבוֹאָם אֶל־בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים לִירוּשָׁלִַם בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי הֵחֵלּוּ זְרֻבָּבֶל בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל וְיֵשׁוּעַ בֶּן־יוֹצָדָק וּשְׁאָר אֲחֵיהֶם הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם וְכָל־הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁבִי יְרוּשָׁלִַם וַיַּעֲמִידוּ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה לְנַצֵּחַ עַל־מְלֶאכֶת בֵּית־יְהוָה׃", | 1.1. "NOW IN the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying:", 1.2. "’Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of heaven, given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.", 1.3. "Whosoever there is among you of all His people—his God be with him—let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD, the God of Israel, He is the God who is in Jerusalem.", 1.4. "And whosoever is left, in any place where he sojourneth, let the men of his place help him with silver, and with gold, and with goods, and with beasts, beside the freewill-offering for the house of God which is in Jerusalem.’", 1.5. "Then rose up the heads of fathers’houses of Judah and Benjamin, and the priests, and the Levites, even all whose spirit God had stirred to go up to build the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem.", 1.6. "And all they that were round about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, beside all that was willingly offered.", 1.7. "Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put them in the house of his gods;", 1.8. "even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.", 3.8. "Now in the second year of their coming unto the house of God at Jerusalem, in the second month, began Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and the rest of their brethren the priests and the Levites, and all they that were come out of the captivity unto Jerusalem; and appointed the Levites, from twenty years old and upward, to have the oversight of the work of the house of the LORD.", |
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19. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 1.22.2-1.22.4, 6.2.1 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 348, 355| 1.22.2. τὰ δ’ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ παρατυχόντος πυνθανόμενος ἠξίωσα γράφειν, οὐδ’ ὡς ἐμοὶ ἐδόκει, ἀλλ’ οἷς τε αὐτὸς παρῆν καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων ὅσον δυνατὸν ἀκριβείᾳ περὶ ἑκάστου ἐπεξελθών. 1.22.3. ἐπιπόνως δὲ ηὑρίσκετο, διότι οἱ παρόντες τοῖς ἔργοις ἑκάστοις οὐ ταὐτὰ περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἔλεγον, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἑκατέρων τις εὐνοίας ἢ μνήμης ἔχοι. 1.22.4. καὶ ἐς μὲν ἀκρόασιν ἴσως τὸ μὴ μυθῶδες αὐτῶν ἀτερπέστερον φανεῖται: ὅσοι δὲ βουλήσονται τῶν τε γενομένων τὸ σαφὲς σκοπεῖν καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ποτὲ αὖθις κατὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον τοιούτων καὶ παραπλησίων ἔσεσθαι, ὠφέλιμα κρίνειν αὐτὰ ἀρκούντως ἕξει. κτῆμά τε ἐς αἰεὶ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀγώνισμα ἐς τὸ παραχρῆμα ἀκούειν ξύγκειται. 6.2.1. ᾠκίσθη δὲ ὧδε τὸ ἀρχαῖον, καὶ τοσάδε ἔθνη ἔσχε τὰ ξύμπαντα. παλαίτατοι μὲν λέγονται ἐν μέρει τινὶ τῆς χώρας Κύκλωπες καὶ Λαιστρυγόνες οἰκῆσαι, ὧν ἐγὼ οὔτε γένος ἔχω εἰπεῖν οὔτε ὁπόθεν ἐσῆλθον ἢ ὅποι ἀπεχώρησαν: ἀρκείτω δὲ ὡς ποιηταῖς τε εἴρηται καὶ ὡς ἕκαστός πῃ γιγνώσκει περὶ αὐτῶν. | 1.22.2. And with reference to the narrative of events, far from permitting myself to derive it from the first source that came to hand, I did not even trust my own impressions, but it rests partly on what I saw myself, partly on what others saw for me, the accuracy of the report being always tried by the most severe and detailed tests possible. 1.22.3. My conclusions have cost me some labour from the want of coincidence between accounts of the same occurrences by different eye-witnesses, arising sometimes from imperfect memory, sometimes from undue partiality for one side or the other. 1.22.4. The absence of romance in my history will, I fear, detract somewhat from its interest; but if it be judged useful by those inquirers who desire an exact knowledge of the past as an aid to the interpretation of the future, which in the course of human things must resemble if it does not reflect it, I shall be content. In fine, I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time. 6.2.1. It was settled originally as follows, and the peoples that occupied it are these. The earliest inhabitants spoken of in any part of the country are the Cyclopes and Laestrygones; but I cannot tell of what race they were, or whence they came or whither they went, and must leave my readers to what the poets have said of them and to what may be generally known concerning them. |
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20. Hebrew Bible, 2 Chronicles, 35.20 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 350 | 35.20. "After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Neco king of Egypt went up to fight against Carchemish by the Euphrates; and Josiah went out against him.", |
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| 21. Septuagint, Esther, 8.17 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •adherence, distinction in josephus jewish antiquities •conversion, conversion/adherence in josephus, in jewish antiquities Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 196, 198 |
| 22. Anon., Jubilees, 30 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 223 |
23. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, None (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities •antiquities (josephus), jewish nature of Found in books: Noam (2018), Shifting Images of the Hasmoneans: Second Temple Legends and Their Reception in Josephus and Rabbinic Literature, 16; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 38, 71, 76 | 1.21. He arrogantly entered the sanctuary and took the golden altar, the lampstand for the light, and all its utensils. 1.22. He took also the table for the bread of the Presence, the cups for drink offerings, the bowls, the golden censers, the curtain, the crowns, and the gold decoration on the front of the temple; he stripped it all off. 1.23. He took the silver and the gold, and the costly vessels; he took also the hidden treasures which he found. 1.24. Taking them all, he departed to his own land. He committed deeds of murder,and spoke with great arrogance. 2.6. He saw the blasphemies being committed in Judah and Jerusalem, 2.7. and said, "Alas! Why was I born to see this,the ruin of my people, the ruin of the holy city,and to dwell there when it was given over to the enemy,the sanctuary given over to aliens? 2.8. Her temple has become like a man without honor; 2.9. her glorious vessels have been carried into captivity. Her babes have been killed in her streets,her youths by the sword of the foe. 2.10. What nation has not inherited her palaces and has not seized her spoils? 2.11. All her adornment has been taken away;no longer free, she has become a slave. 2.12. And behold, our holy place, our beauty,and our glory have been laid waste;the Gentiles have profaned it. 2.13. Why should we live any longer?" 3.58. And Judas said, "Gird yourselves and be valiant. Be ready early in the morning to fight with these Gentiles who have assembled against us to destroy us and our sanctuary. 3.59. It is better for us to die in battle than to see the misfortunes of our nation and of the sanctuary. 7.33. After these events Nicanor went up to Mount Zion. Some of the priests came out of the sanctuary, and some of the elders of the people, to greet him peaceably and to show him the burnt offering that was being offered for the king. 7.34. But he mocked them and derided them and defiled them and spoke arrogantly, 7.35. and in anger he swore this oath, "Unless Judas and his army are delivered into my hands this time, then if I return safely I will burn up this house." And he went out in great anger. 7.36. Then the priests went in and stood before the altar and the temple, and they wept and said, 7.37. "Thou didst choose this house to be called by thy name,and to be for thy people a house of prayer and supplication. 7.38. Take vengeance on this man and on his army,and let them fall by the sword;remember their blasphemies,and let them live no longer." 10.38. As for the three districts that have been added to Judea from the country of Samaria, let them be so annexed to Judea that they are considered to be under one ruler and obey no other authority but the high priest. 12.19. This is a copy of the letter which they sent to Onias: 12.20. "Arius, king of the Spartans, to Onias the high priest, greeting. 12.21. It has been found in writing concerning the Spartans and the Jews that they are brethren and are of the family of Abraham. 12.22. And now that we have learned this, please write us concerning your welfare; 12.23. we on our part write to you that your cattle and your property belong to us, and ours belong to you. We therefore command that our envoys report to you accordingly." 13.1. Simon heard that Trypho had assembled a large army to invade the land of Judah and destroy it, 13.2. and he saw that the people were trembling and fearful. So he went up to Jerusalem, and gathering the people together 13.3. he encouraged them, saying to them, "You yourselves know what great things I and my brothers and the house of my father have done for the laws and the sanctuary; you know also the wars and the difficulties which we have seen. 13.4. By reason of this all my brothers have perished for the sake of Israel, and I alone am left. 13.5. And now, far be it from me to spare my life in any time of distress, for I am not better than my brothers. 13.6. But I will avenge my nation and the sanctuary and your wives and children, for all the nations have gathered together out of hatred to destroy us." |
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24. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 2.33, 2.42, 2.44-2.45, 9.26, 11.22 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •audience, jewish and non-jewish, intended for antiquities •jewish antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 716; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 130| 2.33. "שָׁקוֹהִי דִּי פַרְזֶל רַגְלוֹהִי מנהון [מִנְּהֵין] דִּי פַרְזֶל ומנהון [וּמִנְּהֵין] דִּי חֲסַף׃", 2.42. "וְאֶצְבְּעָת רַגְלַיָּא מנהון [מִנְּהֵין] פַּרְזֶל ומנהון [וּמִנְּהֵין] חֲסַף מִן־קְצָת מַלְכוּתָא תֶּהֱוֵה תַקִּיפָה וּמִנַּהּ תֶּהֱוֵה תְבִירָה׃", 2.44. "וּבְיוֹמֵיהוֹן דִּי מַלְכַיָּא אִנּוּן יְקִים אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא מַלְכוּ דִּי לְעָלְמִין לָא תִתְחַבַּל וּמַלְכוּתָה לְעַם אָחֳרָן לָא תִשְׁתְּבִק תַּדִּק וְתָסֵיף כָּל־אִלֵּין מַלְכְוָתָא וְהִיא תְּקוּם לְעָלְמַיָּא׃", 2.45. "כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּי־חֲזַיְתָ דִּי מִטּוּרָא אִתְגְּזֶרֶת אֶבֶן דִּי־לָא בִידַיִן וְהַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָא נְחָשָׁא חַסְפָּא כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא אֱלָהּ רַב הוֹדַע לְמַלְכָּא מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא אַחֲרֵי דְנָה וְיַצִּיב חֶלְמָא וּמְהֵימַן פִּשְׁרֵהּ׃", 9.26. "וְאַחֲרֵי הַשָּׁבֻעִים שִׁשִּׁים וּשְׁנַיִם יִכָּרֵת מָשִׁיחַ וְאֵין לוֹ וְהָעִיר וְהַקֹּדֶשׁ יַשְׁחִית עַם נָגִיד הַבָּא וְקִצּוֹ בַשֶּׁטֶף וְעַד קֵץ מִלְחָמָה נֶחֱרֶצֶת שֹׁמֵמוֹת׃", 11.22. "וּזְרֹעוֹת הַשֶּׁטֶף יִשָּׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו וְיִשָּׁבֵרוּ וְגַם נְגִיד בְּרִית׃", | 2.33. "its legs of iron, its feet part of iron and part of clay.", 2.42. "And as the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, so part of the kingdom shall be strong, and part thereof broken.", 2.44. "And in the days of those kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed; nor shall the kingdom be left to another people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, but it shall stand for ever.", 2.45. "Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.’", 9.26. "And after the threescore and two weeks shall an anointed one be cut off, and be no more; and the people of a prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; but his end shall be with a flood; and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.", 11.22. "And the arms of the flood shall be swept away from before him, and shall be broken; yea, also the prince of the covet.", |
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25. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 4.23-4.28, 4.34-4.36, 5.5, 5.15-5.16, 5.23, 11.29, 11.32, 13.3, 13.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 76, 93, 95, 108, 130 | 4.23. After a period of three years Jason sent Menelaus, the brother of the previously mentioned Simon, to carry the money to the king and to complete the records of essential business.' 4.24. But he, when presented to the king, extolled him with an air of authority, and secured the high priesthood for himself, outbidding Jason by three hundred talents of silver.' 4.25. After receiving the king's orders he returned, possessing no qualification for the high priesthood, but having the hot temper of a cruel tyrant and the rage of a savage wild beast.' 4.26. So Jason, who after supplanting his own brother was supplanted by another man, was driven as a fugitive into the land of Ammon.' 4.27. And Menelaus held the office, but he did not pay regularly any of the money promised to the king.' 4.28. When Sostratus the captain of the citadel kept requesting payment, for the collection of the revenue was his responsibility, the two of them were summoned by the king on account of this issue.' 4.34. Therefore Menelaus, taking Andronicus aside, urged him to kill Onias. Andronicus came to Onias, and resorting to treachery offered him sworn pledges and gave him his right hand, and in spite of his suspicion persuaded Onias to come out from the place of sanctuary; then, with no regard for justice, he immediately put him out of the way.' 4.35. For this reason not only Jews, but many also of other nations, were grieved and displeased at the unjust murder of the man.' 4.36. When the king returned from the region of Cilicia, the Jews in the city appealed to him with regard to the unreasonable murder of Onias, and the Greeks shared their hatred of the crime.' 5.5. When a false rumor arose that Antiochus was dead, Jason took no less than a thousand men and suddenly made an assault upon the city. When the troops upon the wall had been forced back and at last the city was being taken, Menelaus took refuge in the citadel.' 5.15. Not content with this, Antiochus dared to enter the most holy temple in all the world, guided by Menelaus, who had become a traitor both to the laws and to his country.' 5.16. He took the holy vessels with his polluted hands, and swept away with profane hands the votive offerings which other kings had made to enhance the glory and honor of the place.' 5.23. and at Gerizim, Andronicus; and besides these Menelaus, who lorded it over his fellow citizens worse than the others did. In his malice toward the Jewish citizens,' 11.29. Menelaus has informed us that you wish to return home and look after your own affairs." 11.32. And I have also sent Menelaus to encourage you." 13.3. Menelaus also joined them and with utter hypocrisy urged Antiochus on, not for the sake of his country's welfare, but because he thought that he would be established in office.' 13.7. By such a fate it came about that Menelaus the lawbreaker died, without even burial in the earth.' |
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| 26. Dead Sea Scrolls, Rule of The Community, None (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 4 |
27. Polybius, Histories, None (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 347| 3.32.3. ταῖς δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἄλλην οἰκουμένην ἀπὸ τῆς Κλεομένους τοῦ Σπαρτιάτου φυγῆς κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς μέχρι τῆς Ἀχαιῶν καὶ Ῥωμαίων περὶ τὸν Ἰσθμὸν παρατάξεως, ἢ τὰς τῶν κατὰ μέρος γραφόντων συντάξεις ἀναγινώσκειν ἢ κτᾶσθαι; | 3.32.3. and those in the rest of the world from the flight of Cleomenes of Sparta on till the battle of the Romans and Achaeans at the Isthmus, than to read or procure the works of those who treat of particular transactions. |
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| 28. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, None (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 4 |
| 29. Cicero, On Laws, 1.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 346 |
| 30. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, 5.12, 5.12.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 346 |
| 31. Dead Sea Scrolls, Rule of The Community, None (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 4 |
| 32. Horace, Sermones, 1.5.97-1.5.103 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 355 |
33. Philo of Alexandria, On The Embassy To Gaius, 181-186, 201-203, 207-363, 365-367, 364 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 146, 148 | 364. And when we began to reply to him and to explain it, he, as soon as he had a taste of our pleading on the principles of justice, and as soon as he perceived that our arguments were not contemptible, before we could bring forward the more important things which we had to say, cut us short and ran forward and burst into the principal building, and as soon as he had entered he commanded the windows which were around it to be filled up with the transparent pebbles very much resembling white crystal which do not hinder the light, but which keep out the wind and the heat of the sun. |
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| 34. Anon., Sibylline Oracles, 3.715-3.719, 3.722-3.723, 3.755, 5.501-5.507 (1st cent. BCE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 53, 223 |
| 35. Livy, History, 8.10.11-8.10.14 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities (josephus) Found in books: Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 37 |
| 36. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Letter To Pompeius Geminus, 3.2-3.15 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 359 |
| 37. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, On Thucydides, 41 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 359 |
38. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 1.48.1, 1.48.4, 2.40.3, 2.70.5, 3.35.5 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 355 | 1.48.1. This, then, is the most credible account concerning the flight of Aeneas and is the one which Hellanicus, among the ancient historians, adopts in his Troica. There are different accounts given of the same events by some others, which I look upon as less probable than this. But let every reader judge as he thinks proper. 1.48.4. Others say that he chanced to be tarrying at that time at the station where the Trojan ships lay; and others that he had been sent with a force into Phrygia by Priam upon some military expedition. Some give a more fabulous account of his departure. But let the case stand according to each man's convictions. 2.40.3. For she was honoured with a monument in the place where she fell and lies buried on the most sacred hill of the city and the Romans every year perform libations to her (I relate what Piso writes); whereas, if she had died in betraying her country to the enemy, it is not to be supposed that she would have received any of these honours, either from those whom she had betrayed or from those who had slain her, but, if there had been any remains of her body, they would in the course of time have been dug up and cast out of the city, in order to warn and deter others from committing the like crimes. But let everyone judge of the matters as he pleases. 2.70.5. Whether I have been well advised or not in giving them this appellation, anyone who pleases may gather from their actions. For they execute their movements in arms, keeping time to a flute, sometimes all together, sometimes by turns, and while dancing sing certain traditional hymns. But this dance and exercise performed by armed men and the noise they make by striking their bucklers with their daggers, if we may base any conjectures on the ancient accounts, was originated by the Curetes. I need not mention the legend which is related concerning them, since almost everybody is acquainted with it. 3.35.5. But for my part I do not accept this story, regarding it as neither true nor plausible, but I subscribe rather to the former account, believing that Tullus met with this end by the judgment of Heaven. For, in the first place, it is improbable that the undertaking in which so many were concerned could have been kept secret, and, besides, the author of it could not be certain that after the death of Hostilius the Romans would choose him as king of the state; furthermore, even if men were loyal to him and steadfast, yet it was unlikely that the gods would act with an ignorance resembling that of men. |
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| 39. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 40.2-40.3, 40.3.4-40.3.5 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 267 |
40. Josephus Flavius, Against Apion, 1.1-1.3, 1.5, 1.10, 1.50, 1.54-1.55, 1.88, 1.162-1.167, 2.49-2.55, 2.84, 2.123, 2.175, 2.193, 2.210, 2.257-2.258 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •apion, in antiquities and jewish war compared •antiquities (josephus), jewish nature of •audience, jewish and non-jewish, intended for antiquities •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities •jewish antiquities •conversion, conversion/adherence in josephus, in jewish antiquities •adherence, distinction in josephus jewish antiquities Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 198, 200, 203; Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 147; Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 358, 359, 360, 713, 714, 715; Noam (2018), Shifting Images of the Hasmoneans: Second Temple Legends and Their Reception in Josephus and Rabbinic Literature, 17; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 32, 39, 69, 71, 195, 205, 355 | 1.1. 1. I suppose that, by my books of the Antiquities of the Jews, most excellent Epaphroditus, I have made it evident to those who peruse them, that our Jewish nation is of very great antiquity, and had a distinct subsistence of its own originally; as also I have therein declared how we came to inhabit this country wherein we now live. Those Antiquities contain the history of five thousand years, and are taken out of our sacred books; but are translated by me into the Greek tongue. 1.2. However, since I observe a considerable number of people giving ear to the reproaches that are laid against us by those who bear ill will to us, and will not believe what I have written concerning the antiquity of our nation, while they take it for a plain sign that our nation is of a late date, because they are not so much as vouchsafed a bare mention by the most famous historiographers among the Grecians, 1.3. I therefore have thought myself under an obligation to write somewhat briefly about these subjects, in order to convict those that reproach us of spite and voluntary falsehood, and to correct the ignorance of others, and withal to instruct all those who are desirous of knowing the truth of what great antiquity we really are. 1.5. I shall also endeavor to give an account of the reasons why it hath so happened, that there hath not been a great number of Greeks who have made mention of our nation in their histories. I will, however, bring those Grecians to light who have not omitted such our history, for the sake of those that either do not know them, or pretend not to know them already. /p 1.10. but as for the place where the Grecians inhabit, ten thousand destructions have overtaken it, and blotted out the memory of former actions; so that they were ever beginning a new way of living, and supposed that every one of them was the origin of their new state. It was also late, and with difficulty, that they came to know the letters they now use; for those who would advance their use of these letters to the greatest antiquity pretend that they learned them from the Phoenicians and from Cadmus; 1.50. Afterward I got leisure at Rome; and when all my materials were prepared for that work, I made use of some persons to assist me in learning the Greek tongue, and by these means I composed the history of those transactions; and I was so well assured of the truth of what I related, that I first of all appealed to those that had the supreme command in that war, Vespasian and Titus, as witnesses for me, 1.54. Now, both these methods of knowledge I may very properly pretend to in the composition of both my works; for, as I said, I have translated the Antiquities out of our sacred books; which I easily could do, since I was a priest by my birth, and have studied that philosophy which is contained in those writings; 1.55. and as for the History of the War, I wrote it as having been an actor myself in many of its transactions, an eyewitness in the greatest part of the rest, and was not unacquainted with any thing whatsoever that was either said or done in it. 1.88. but that Thummosis, the son of Alisphragmuthosis, made an attempt to take them by force and by a siege, with four hundred and eighty thousand men to lie round about them; but that, upon his despair of taking the place by that siege, they came to a composition with them that they should leave Egypt, and go, without any harm to be done them, whithersoever they would; 1.162. Pythagoras, therefore, of Samos, lived in very ancient times, and was esteemed a person superior to all philosophers in wisdom and piety towards God. Now it is plain that he did not only know our doctrines, but was in very great measure a follower and admirer of them. 1.163. There is not, indeed, extant any writing that is owned for his; but many there are who have written his history, of whom Hermippus is the most celebrated, who was a person very inquisitive in all sorts of history. 1.164. Now this Hermippus, in his first book concerning Pythagoras, speaks thus:—“That Pythagoras, upon the death of one of his associates, whose name was Calliphon, a Crotoniate by birth, affirmed that this man’s soul conversed with him both night and day, and enjoined him not to pass over a place where an ass had fallen down; as also not to drink of such waters as caused thirst again; and to abstain from all sorts of reproaches.” 1.165. After which he adds thus:—“This he did and said in imitation of the doctrines of the Jews and Thracians, which he transferred into his own philosophy.” For it is very truly affirmed of this Pythagoras, that he took a great many of the laws of the Jews into his own philosophy. 1.166. Nor was our nation unknown of old to several of the Grecian cities, and indeed was thought worthy of imitation by some of them. 1.167. This is declared by Theophrastus, in his writings concerning laws; for he says that “the laws of the Tyrians forbid men to swear foreign oaths.” Among which he enumerates some others, and particularly that called Corban; which oath can only be found among the Jews, and declares what a man may call “A thing devoted to God.” 2.49. and as for Ptolemy Philometor and his wife Cleopatra, they committed their whole kingdom to Jews, when Onias and Dositheus, both Jews, whose names are laughed at by Apion, were the generals of their whole army; but certainly instead of reproaching them, he ought to admire their actions, and return them thanks for saving Alexandria, whose citizen he pretends to be; 2.50. for when these Alexandrians were making war with Cleopatra the queen, and were in danger of being utterly ruined, these Jews brought them to terms of agreement, and freed them from the miseries of a civil war. “But then (says Apion) Onias brought a small army afterward upon the city at the time when Thermus the Roman ambassador was there present.” 2.51. Yes, do I venture to say, and that he did rightly and very justly in so doing; for that Ptolemy who was called Physco, upon the death of his brother Philometor, came from Cyrene, and would have ejected Cleopatra as well as her sons out of their kingdom, 2.52. that he might obtain it for himself unjustly. For this cause then it was that Onias undertook a war against him on Cleopatra’s account; nor would he desert that trust the royal family had reposed in him in their distress. 2.53. Accordingly, God gave a remarkable attestation to his righteous procedure; for when Ptolemy Physco had the presumption to fight against Onias’s army, and had caught all the Jews that were in the city [Alexandria], with their children and wives, and exposed them naked and in bonds to his elephants, that they might be trodden upon and destroyed, and when he had made those elephants drunk for that purpose, the event proved contrary to his preparations; 2.54. for these elephants left the Jews who were exposed to them, and fell violently upon Physco’s friends, and slew a great number of them; nay, after this, Ptolemy saw a terrible ghost, which prohibited his hurting those men; 2.55. his very concubine, whom he loved so well (some call her Ithaca, and others Irene), making supplication to him, that he would not perpetrate so great a wickedness. So he complied with her request, and repented of what he either had already done, or was about to do; whence it is well known that the Alexandrian Jews do with good reason celebrate this day, on the account that they had thereon been vouchsafed such an evident deliverance from God. 2.84. This is attested by many worthy writers; Polybius of Megalopolis, Strabo of Cappadocia, Nicolaus of Damascus, Timagenes, Castor the chronologer, and Apollodorus, who all say that it was out of Antiochus’s want of money that he broke his league with the Jews, and despoiled their temple when it was full of gold and silver. 2.123. for as to the Grecians, we are rather remote from them in place than different from them in our institutions, insomuch that we have no enmity with them, nor any jealousy of them. On the contrary, it hath so happened, that many of them have come over to our laws, and some of them have continued in their observation, although others of them had not courage enough to persevere, and so departed from them again; 2.175. for he did not suffer the guilt of ignorance to go on without punishment, but demonstrated the law to be the best and the most necessary instruction of all others, permitting the people to leave off their other employments, and to assemble together for the hearing of the law, and learning it exactly, and this not once or twice, or oftener, but every week; which thing all the other legislators seem to have neglected. /p 2.193. 24. There ought also to be but one temple for one God; for likeness is the constant foundation of agreement. This temple ought to be common to all men, because he is the common God of all men. His priests are to be continually about his worship, over whom he that is the first by his birth is to be their ruler perpetually. 2.210. Accordingly our legislator admits all those that have a mind to observe our laws, so to do; and this after a friendly manner, as esteeming that a true union, which not only extends to our own stock, but to those that would live after the same manner with us; yet does he not allow those that come to us by accident only to be admitted into communion with us. /p 2.257. Nay, Plato principally imitated our legislator in this point, that he enjoined his citizens to have the main regard to this precept, “That every one of them should learn their laws accurately.” He also ordained, that they should not admit of foreigners intermixing with their own people at random; and provided that the commonwealth should keep itself pure, and consist of such only as persevered in their own laws. 2.258. Apollonius Molo did no way consider this, when he made it one branch of his accusation against us, that we do not admit of such as have different notions about God, nor will we have fellowship with those that choose to observe a way of living different from ourselves; |
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41. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, None (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 358 | 12.136. He also saith, in the same book, that “when Seopas was conquered by Antiochus, Antiochus received Batanea, and Samaria, and Abila, and Gadara; and that, a while afterwards, there came in to him those Jews that inhabited near that temple which was called Jerusalem; concerning which, although I have more to say, and particularly concerning the presence of God about that temple, yet do I put off that history till another opportunity.” |
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42. Tacitus, Histories, 5.2-5.13 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 345 | 5.2. However, as I am about to describe the last days of a famous city, it seems proper for me to give some account of its origin. It is said that the Jews were originally exiles from the island of Crete who settled in the farthest parts of Libya at the time when Saturn had been deposed and expelled by Jove. An argument in favour of this is derived from the name: there is a famous mountain in Crete called Ida, and hence the inhabitants were called the Idaei, which was later lengthened into the barbarous form Iudaei. Some hold that in the reign of Isis the superfluous population of Egypt, under the leadership of Hierosolymus and Iuda, discharged itself on the neighbouring lands; many others think that they were an Egyptian stock, which in the reign of Cepheus was forced to migrate by fear and hatred. Still others report that they were Assyrian refugees, a landless people, who first got control of a part of Egypt, then later they had their own cities and lived in the Hebrew territory and the nearer parts of Syria. Still others say that the Jews are of illustrious origin, being the Solymi, a people celebrated in Homer's poems, who founded a city and gave it the name Hierosolyma, formed from their own. 5.3. Most authors agree that once during a plague in Egypt which caused bodily disfigurement, King Bocchoris approached the oracle of Ammon and asked for a remedy, whereupon he was told to purge his kingdom and to transport this race into other lands, since it was hateful to the gods. So the Hebrews were searched out and gathered together; then, being abandoned in the desert, while all others lay idle and weeping, one only of the exiles, Moses by name, warned them not to hope for help from gods or men, for they were deserted by both, but to trust to themselves, regarding as a guide sent from heaven the one whose assistance should first give them escape from their present distress. They agreed, and then set out on their journey in utter ignorance, but trusting to chance. Nothing caused them so much distress as scarcity of water, and in fact they had already fallen exhausted over the plain nigh unto death, when a herd of wild asses moved from their pasturage to a rock that was shaded by a grove of trees. Moses followed them, and, conjecturing the truth from the grassy ground, discovered abundant streams of water. This relieved them, and they then marched six days continuously, and on the seventh seized a country, expelling the former inhabitants; there they founded a city and dedicated a temple. 5.4. To establish his influence over this people for all time, Moses introduced new religious practices, quite opposed to those of all other religions. The Jews regard as profane all that we hold sacred; on the other hand, they permit all that we abhor. They dedicated, in a shrine, a statue of that creature whose guidance enabled them to put an end to their wandering and thirst, sacrificing a ram, apparently in derision of Ammon. They likewise offer the ox, because the Egyptians worship Apis. They abstain from pork, in recollection of a plague, for the scab to which this animal is subject once afflicted them. By frequent fasts even now they bear witness to the long hunger with which they were once distressed, and the unleavened Jewish bread is still employed in memory of the haste with which they seized the grain. They say that they first chose to rest on the seventh day because that day ended their toils; but after a time they were led by the charms of indolence to give over the seventh year as well to inactivity. Others say that this is done in honour of Saturn, whether it be that the primitive elements of their religion were given by the Idaeans, who, according to tradition, were expelled with Saturn and became the founders of the Jewish race, or is due to the fact that, of the seven planets that rule the fortunes of mankind, Saturn moves in the highest orbit and has the greatest potency; and that many of the heavenly bodies traverse their paths and courses in multiples of seven. 5.5. Whatever their origin, these rites are maintained by their antiquity: the other customs of the Jews are base and abominable, and owe their persistence to their depravity. For the worst rascals among other peoples, renouncing their ancestral religions, always kept sending tribute and contributions to Jerusalem, thereby increasing the wealth of the Jews; again, the Jews are extremely loyal toward one another, and always ready to show compassion, but toward every other people they feel only hate and enmity. They sit apart at meals, and they sleep apart, and although as a race, they are prone to lust, they abstain from intercourse with foreign women; yet among themselves nothing is unlawful. They adopted circumcision to distinguish themselves from other peoples by this difference. Those who are converted to their ways follow the same practice, and the earliest lesson they receive is to despise the gods, to disown their country, and to regard their parents, children, and brothers as of little account. However, they take thought to increase their numbers; for they regard it as a crime to kill any late-born child, and they believe that the souls of those who are killed in battle or by the executioner are immortal: hence comes their passion for begetting children, and their scorn of death. They bury the body rather than burn it, thus following the Egyptians' custom; they likewise bestow the same care on the dead, and hold the same belief about the world below; but their ideas of heavenly things are quite the opposite. The Egyptians worship many animals and monstrous images; the Jews conceive of one god only, and that with the mind alone: they regard as impious those who make from perishable materials representations of gods in man's image; that supreme and eternal being is to them incapable of representation and without end. Therefore they set up no statues in their cities, still less in their temples; this flattery is not paid their kings, nor this honour given to the Caesars. But since their priests used to chant to the accompaniment of pipes and cymbals and to wear garlands of ivy, and because a golden vine was found in their temple, some have thought that they were devotees of Father Liber, the conqueror of the East, in spite of the incongruity of their customs. For Liber established festive rites of a joyous nature, while the ways of the Jews are preposterous and mean. 5.6. Their land is bounded by Arabia on the east, Egypt lies on the south, on the west are Phoenicia and the sea, and toward the north the people enjoy a wide prospect over Syria. The inhabitants are healthy and hardy. Rains are rare; the soil is fertile; its products are like ours, save that the balsam and the palm also grow there. The palm is a tall and handsome tree; the balsam a mere shrub: if a branch, when swollen with sap, is pierced with steel, the veins shrivel up; so a piece of stone or a potsherd is used to open them; the juice is employed by physicians. of the mountains, Lebanon rises to the greatest height, and is in fact a marvel, for in the midst of the excessive heat its summit is shaded by trees and covered with snow; it likewise is the source and supply of the river Jordan. This river does not empty into the sea, but after flowing with volume undiminished through two lakes is lost in the third. The last is a lake of great size: it is like the sea, but its water has a nauseous taste, and its offensive odour is injurious to those who live near it. Its waters are not moved by the wind, and neither fish nor water-fowl can live there. Its lifeless waves bear up whatever is thrown upon them as on a solid surface; all swimmers, whether skilled or not, are buoyed up by them. At a certain season of the year the sea throws up bitumen, and experience has taught the natives how to collect this, as she teaches all arts. Bitumen is by nature a dark fluid which coagulates when sprinkled with vinegar, and swims on the surface. Those whose business it is, catch hold of it with their hands and haul it on shipboard: then with no artificial aid the bitumen flows in and loads the ship until the stream is cut off. Yet you cannot use bronze or iron to cut the bituminous stream; it shrinks from blood or from a cloth stained with a woman's menses. Such is the story told by ancient writers, but those who are acquainted with the country aver that the floating masses of bitumen are driven by the winds or drawn by hand to shore, where later, after they have been dried by vapours from the earth or by the heat of the sun, they are split like timber or stone with axes and wedges. 5.7. Not far from this lake is a plain which, according to report, was once fertile and the site of great cities, but which was later devastated by lightning; and it is said that traces of this disaster still exist there, and that the very ground looks burnt and has lost its fertility. In fact, all the plants there, whether wild or cultivated, turn black, become sterile, and seem to wither into dust, either in leaf or in flower or after they have reached their usual mature form. Now for my part, although I should grant that famous cities were once destroyed by fire from heaven, I still think that it is the exhalations from the lake that infect the ground and poison the atmosphere about this district, and that this is the reason that crops and fruits decay, since both soil and climate are deleterious. The river Belus also empties into the Jewish Sea; around its mouth a kind of sand is gathered, which when mixed with soda is fused into glass. The beach is of moderate size, but it furnishes an inexhaustible supply. 5.8. A great part of Judea is covered with scattered villages, but there are some towns also; Jerusalem is the capital of the Jews. In it was a temple possessing enormous riches. The first line of fortifications protected the city, the next the palace, and the innermost wall the temple. Only a Jew might approach its doors, and all save the priests were forbidden to cross the threshold. While the East was under the dominion of the Assyrians, Medes, and Persians, the Jews were regarded as the meanest of their subjects: but after the Macedonians gained supremacy, King Antiochus endeavoured to abolish Jewish superstition and to introduce Greek civilization; the war with the Parthians, however, prevented his improving this basest of peoples; for it was exactly at that time that Arsaces had revolted. Later on, since the power of Macedon had waned, the Parthians were not yet come to their strength, and the Romans were far away, the Jews selected their own kings. These in turn were expelled by the fickle mob; but recovering their throne by force of arms, they banished citizens, destroyed towns, killed brothers, wives, and parents, and dared essay every other kind of royal crime without hesitation; but they fostered the national superstition, for they had assumed the priesthood to support their civil authority. 5.9. The first Roman to subdue the Jews and set foot in their temple by right of conquest was Gnaeus Pompey; thereafter it was a matter of common knowledge that there were no representations of the gods within, but that the place was empty and the secret shrine contained nothing. The walls of Jerusalem were razed, but the temple remained standing. Later, in the time of our civil wars, when these eastern provinces had fallen into the hands of Mark Antony, the Parthian prince, Pacorus, seized Judea, but he was slain by Publius Ventidius, and the Parthians were thrown back across the Euphrates: the Jews were subdued by Gaius Sosius. Antony gave the throne to Herod, and Augustus, after his victory, increased his power. After Herod's death, a certain Simon assumed the name of king without waiting for Caesar's decision. He, however, was put to death by Quintilius Varus, governor of Syria; the Jews were repressed; and the kingdom was divided into three parts and given to Herod's sons. Under Tiberius all was quiet. Then, when Caligula ordered the Jews to set up his statue in their temple, they chose rather to resort to arms, but the emperor's death put an end to their uprising. The princes now being dead or reduced to insignificance, Claudius made Judea a province and entrusted it to Roman knights or to freedmen; one of the latter, Antonius Felix, practised every kind of cruelty and lust, wielding the power of king with all the instincts of a slave; he had married Drusilla, the grand-daughter of Cleopatra and Antony, and so was Antony's grandson-inâlaw, while Claudius was Antony's grandson. 5.10. Still the Jews' patience lasted until Gessius Florus became procurator: in his time war began. When Cestius Gallus, governor of Syria, tried to stop it, he suffered varied fortunes and met defeat more often than he gained victory. On his death, whether in the course of nature or from vexation, Nero sent out Vespasian, who, aided by his good fortune and reputation as well as by his excellent subordinates, within two summers occupied with his victorious army the whole of the level country and all the cities except Jerusalem. The next year was taken up with civil war, and thus was passed in inactivity so far as the Jews were concerned. When peace had been secured throughout Italy, foreign troubles began again; and the fact that the Jews alone had failed to surrender increased our resentment; at the same time, having regard to all the possibilities and hazards of a new reign, it seemed expedient for Titus to remain with the army. 5.11. Therefore, as I have said above, Titus pitched his camp before the walls of Jerusalem and displayed his legions in battle array: the Jews formed their line close beneath their walls, being thus ready to advance if successful, and having a refuge at hand in case they were driven back. Some horse and light-armed foot were sent against them, but fought indecisively; later the enemy retired, and during the following days they engaged in many skirmishes before their gates until at last their continual defeats drove them within their walls. The Romans now turned to preparations for an assault; for the soldiers thought it beneath their dignity to wait for the enemy to be starved out, and so they began to clamour for danger, part being prompted by bravery, but many were moved by their savage natures and their desire for booty. Titus himself had before his eyes a vision of Rome, its wealth and its pleasures, and he felt that if Jerusalem did not fall at once, his enjoyment of them was delayed. But the city stands on an eminence, and the Jews had defended it with works and fortifications sufficient to protect even level ground; for the two hills that rise to a great height had been included within walls that had been skillfully built, projecting out or bending in so as to put the flanks of an assailing body under fire. The rocks terminated in sheer cliffs, and towers rose to a height of sixty feet where the hill assisted the fortifications, and in the valleys they reached one hundred and twenty; they presented a wonderful sight, and appeared of equal height when viewed from a distance. An inner line of walls had been built around the palace, and on a conspicuous height stands Antony's Tower, so named by Herod in honour of Mark Antony. 5.12. The temple was built like a citadel, with walls of its own, which were constructed with more care and effort than any of the rest; the very colonnades about the temple made a splendid defence. Within the enclosure is an ever-flowing spring; in the hills are subterraneous excavations, with pools and cisterns for holding rain-water. The founders of the city had foreseen that there would be many wars because the ways of their people differed so from those of the neighbours: therefore they had built at every point as if they expected a long siege; and after the city had been stormed by Pompey, their fears and experience taught them much. Moreover, profiting by the greed displayed during the reign of Claudius, they had bought the privilege of fortifying the city, and in time of peace had built walls as if for war. The population at this time had been increased by streams of rabble that flowed in from the other captured cities, for the most desperate rebels had taken refuge here, and consequently sedition was the more rife. There were three generals, three armies: the outermost and largest circuit of the walls was held by Simon, the middle of the city by John, and the temple was guarded by Eleazar. John and Simon were strong in numbers and equipment, Eleazar had the advantage of position: between these three there was constant fighting, treachery, and arson, and a great store of grain was consumed. Then John got possession of the temple by sending a party, under pretence of offering sacrifice, to slay Eleazar and his troops. So the citizens were divided into two factions until, at the approach of the Romans, foreign war produced concord. 5.13. Prodigies had indeed occurred, but to avert them either by victims or by vows is held unlawful by a people which, though prone to superstition, is opposed to all propitiatory rites. Contending hosts were seen meeting in the skies, arms flashed, and suddenly the temple was illumined with fire from the clouds. of a sudden the doors of the shrine opened and a superhuman voice cried: "The gods are departing": at the same moment the mighty stir of their going was heard. Few interpreted these omens as fearful; the majority firmly believed that their ancient priestly writings contained the prophecy that this was the very time when the East should grow strong and that men starting from Judea should possess the world. This mysterious prophecy had in reality pointed to Vespasian and Titus, but the common people, as is the way of human ambition, interpreted these great destinies in their own favour, and could not be turned to the truth even by adversity. We have heard that the total number of the besieged of every age and both sexes was six hundred thousand; there were arms for all who could use them, and the number ready to fight was larger than could have been anticipated from the total population. Both men and women showed the same determination; and if they were to be forced to change their home, they feared life more than death. Such was the city and people against which Titus Caesar now proceeded; since the nature of the ground did not allow him to assault or employ any sudden operations, he decided to use earthworks and mantlets; the legions were assigned to their several tasks, and there was a respite of fighting until they made ready every device for storming a town that the ancients had ever employed or modern ingenuity invented. |
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43. New Testament, Galatians, 2.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •conversion, conversion/adherence in josephus, in jewish antiquities Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 196| 2.14. ἀλλʼ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων Εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν; | 2.14. But when I sawthat they didn't walk uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, Isaid to Peter before them all, "If you, being a Jew, live as theGentiles do, and not as the Jews do, why do you compel the Gentiles tolive as the Jews do? |
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44. New Testament, John, 11.50 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities (josephus) Found in books: Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 37| 11.50. οὐδὲ λογίζεσθε ὅτι συμφέρει ὑμῖν ἵνα εἷς ἄνθρωπος ἀποθάνῃ ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ ἔθνος ἀπόληται. | 11.50. nor do you consider that it is advantageous for us that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation not perish." |
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45. New Testament, Matthew, 23.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •antiquities (josephus), jewish nature of Found in books: Noam (2018), Shifting Images of the Hasmoneans: Second Temple Legends and Their Reception in Josephus and Rabbinic Literature, 218| 23.3. πάντα οὖν ὅσα ἐὰν εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε, κατὰ δὲ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε, λέγουσιν γὰρ καὶ οὐ ποιοῦσιν. | 23.3. All things therefore whatever they tell you to observe, observe and do, but don't do their works; for they say, and don't do. |
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| 46. Josephus Flavius, Life, 1, 112-113, 13-14, 149, 15-16, 198, 2-3, 357-358, 4, 412, 424-426, 428-429, 80, 8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 357 |
47. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, None (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 196; Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 142; Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 348, 349, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 359, 713; Noam (2018), Shifting Images of the Hasmoneans: Second Temple Legends and Their Reception in Josephus and Rabbinic Literature, 16; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 4, 28, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 50, 53, 57, 66, 69, 75, 78, 92, 93, 95, 96, 105, 108, 126, 130, 154, 194, 200, 205, 331, 343, 361 | 1.1. 1. Whereas the war which the Jews made with the Romans hath been the greatest of all those, not only that have been in our times, but, in a manner, of those that ever were heard of; both of those wherein cities have fought against cities, or nations against nations; while some men who were not concerned in the affairs themselves have gotten together vain and contradictory stories by hearsay, and have written them down after a sophistical manner; 1.2. and while those that were there present have given false accounts of things, and this either out of a humor of flattery to the Romans, or of hatred towards the Jews; and while their writings contain sometimes accusations, and sometimes encomiums, but nowhere the accurate truth of the facts, 1.3. I have proposed to myself, for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books into the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country, and sent to the Upper Barbarians; I, Joseph, the son of Matthias, by birth a Hebrew, a priest also, and one who at first fought against the Romans myself, and was forced to be present at what was done afterward [am the author of this work]. 1.6. I thought it therefore an absurd thing to see the truth falsified in affairs of such great consequence, and to take no notice of it; but to suffer those Greeks and Romans that were not in the wars to be ignorant of these things, and to read either flatteries or fictions, while the Parthians, and the Babylonians, and the remotest Arabians, and those of our nation beyond Euphrates, with the Adiabeni, by my means, knew accurately both whence the war begun, what miseries it brought upon us, and after what manner it ended. 1.31. 1. At the same time that Antiochus, who was called Epiphanes, had a quarrel with the sixth Ptolemy about his right to the whole country of Syria, a great sedition fell among the men of power in Judea, and they had a contention about obtaining the government; while each of those that were of dignity could not endure to be subject to their equals. However, Onias, one of the high priests, got the better, and cast the sons of Tobias out of the city; 1.32. who fled to Antiochus, and besought him to make use of them for his leaders, and to make an expedition into Judea. The king being thereto disposed beforehand, complied with them, and came upon the Jews with a great army, and took their city by force, and slew a great multitude of those that favored Ptolemy, and sent out his soldiers to plunder them without mercy. He also spoiled the temple, and put a stop to the constant practice of offering a daily sacrifice of expiation for three years and six months. 1.33. But Onias, the high priest, fled to Ptolemy, and received a place from him in the Nomus of Heliopolis, where he built a city resembling Jerusalem, and a temple that was like its temple, concerning which we shall speak more in its proper place hereafter. 1.34. 2. Now Antiochus was not satisfied either with his unexpected taking the city, or with its pillage, or with the great slaughter he had made there; but being overcome with his violent passions, and remembering what he had suffered during the siege, he compelled the Jews to dissolve the laws of their country, and to keep their infants uncircumcised, and to sacrifice swine’s flesh upon the altar; 1.35. against which they all opposed themselves, and the most approved among them were put to death. Bacchides also, who was sent to keep the fortresses, having these wicked commands, joined to his own natural barbarity, indulged all sorts of the extremest wickedness, and tormented the worthiest of the inhabitants, man by man, and threatened their city every day with open destruction, till at length he provoked the poor sufferers by the extremity of his wicked doings to avenge themselves. 1.36. 3. Accordingly Matthias, the son of Asamoneus, one of the priests who lived in a village called Modin, armed himself, together with his own family, which had five sons of his in it, and slew Bacchides with daggers; and thereupon, out of the fear of the many garrisons [of the enemy], he fled to the mountains; 1.37. and so many of the people followed him, that he was encouraged to come down from the mountains, and to give battle to Antiochus’s generals, when he beat them, and drove them out of Judea. So he came to the government by this his success, and became the prince of his own people by their own free consent, and then died, leaving the government to Judas, his eldest son. 1.38. 4. Now Judas, supposing that Antiochus would not lie still, gathered an army out of his own countrymen, and was the first that made a league of friendship with the Romans, and drove Epiphanes out of the country when he had made a second expedition into it, and this by giving him a great defeat there; 1.39. and when he was warmed by this great success, he made an assault upon the garrison that was in the city, for it had not been cut off hitherto; so he ejected them out of the upper city, and drove the soldiers into the lower, which part of the city was called the Citadel. He then got the temple under his power, and cleansed the whole place, and walled it round about, and made new vessels for sacred ministrations, and brought them into the temple, because the former vessels had been profaned. He also built another altar, and began to offer the sacrifices; 1.40. and when the city had already received its sacred constitution again, Antiochus died; whose son Antiochus succeeded him in the kingdom, and in his hatred to the Jews also. 1.41. 5. So this Antiochus got together fifty thousand footmen, and five thousand horsemen, and fourscore elephants, and marched through Judea into the mountainous parts. He then took Bethsura, which was a small city; but at a place called Bethzacharias, where the passage was narrow, Judas met him with his army. 1.42. However, before the forces joined battle, Judas’s brother, Eleazar, seeing the very highest of the elephants adorned with a large tower, and with military trappings of gold to guard him, and supposing that Antiochus himself was upon him, he ran a great way before his own army, and cutting his way through the enemy’s troops, he got up to the elephant; 1.43. yet could he not reach him who seemed to be the king, by reason of his being so high; but still he ran his weapon into the belly of the beast, and brought him down upon himself, and was crushed to death, having done no more than attempted great things, and showed that he preferred glory before life. 1.44. Now he that governed the elephant was but a private man; and had he proved to be Antiochus, Eleazar had performed nothing more by this bold stroke than that it might appear he chose to die, when he had the bare hope of thereby doing a glorious action; 1.45. nay, this disappointment proved an omen to his brother [Judas] how the entire battle would end. It is true that the Jews fought it out bravely for a long time, but the king’s forces, being superior in number, and having fortune on their side, obtained the victory. And when a great many of his men were slain, Judas took the rest with him, and fled to the toparchy of Gophna. 1.46. So Antiochus went to Jerusalem, and staid there but a few days, for he wanted provisions, and so he went his way. He left indeed a garrison behind him, such as he thought sufficient to keep the place, but drew the rest of his army off, to take their winter-quarters in Syria. 1.47. 6. Now, after the king was departed, Judas was not idle; for as many of his own nation came to him, so did he gather those that had escaped out of the battle together, and gave battle again to Antiochus’s generals at a village called Adasa; and being too hard for his enemies in the battle, and killing a great number of them, he was at last himself slain also. Nor was it many days afterward that his brother John had a plot laid against him by Antiochus’s party, and was slain by them. 1.48. 1. When Jonathan, who was Judas’s brother, succeeded him, he behaved himself with great circumspection in other respects, with relation to his own people; and he corroborated his authority by preserving his friendship with the Romans. He also made a league with Antiochus the son. Yet was not all this sufficient for his security; 1.49. for the tyrant Trypho, who was guardian to Antiochus’s son, laid a plot against him; and besides that, endeavored to take off his friends, and caught Jonathan by a wile, as he was going to Ptolemais to Antiochus, with a few persons in his company, and put him in bonds, and then made an expedition against the Jews; but when he was afterward driven away by Simeon, who was Jonathan’s brother, and was enraged at his defeat, he put Jonathan to death. 1.150. 5. And now did many of the priests, even when they saw their enemies assailing them with swords in their hands, without any disturbance, go on with their Divine worship, and were slain while they were offering their drink-offerings, and burning their incense, as preferring the duties about their worship to God before their own preservation. The greatest part of them were slain by their own countrymen, of the adverse faction, and an innumerable multitude threw themselves down precipices; nay, some there were who were so distracted among the insuperable difficulties they were under, that they set fire to the buildings that were near to the wall, and were burnt together with them. 1.279. and when he came into the city, he was received by Cleopatra with great splendor,—who hoped he might be persuaded to be commander of her forces in the expedition she was now about; but he rejected the queen’s solicitations, and being neither affrighted at the height of that storm which then happened, nor at the tumults that were now in Italy, he sailed for Rome. 1.404. 3. And when Caesar had further bestowed upon him another additional country, he built there also a temple of white marble, hard by the fountains of Jordan: the place is called Panium, 1.405. where is a top of a mountain that is raised to an immense height, and at its side, beneath, or at its bottom, a dark cave opens itself; within which there is a horrible precipice, that descends abruptly to a vast depth; it contains a mighty quantity of water, which is immovable; and when anybody lets down anything to measure the depth of the earth beneath the water, no length of cord is sufficient to reach it. 1.406. Now the fountains of Jordan rise at the roots of this cavity outwardly; and, as some think, this is the utmost origin of Jordan: but we shall speak of that matter more accurately in our following history. 2.168. But when the Roman empire was translated to Tiberius, the son of Julia, upon the death of Augustus, who had reigned fifty-seven years, six months, and two days, both Herod and Philip continued in their tetrarchies; and the latter of them built the city Caesarea, at the fountains of Jordan, and in the region of Paneas; as also the city Julias, in the lower Gaulonitis. Herod also built the city Tiberias in Galilee, and in Perea [beyond Jordan] another that was also called Julias. 2.181. 6. But when Caius was made Caesar, he released Agrippa from his bonds, and made him king of Philip’s tetrarchy, who was now dead; but when Agrippa had arrived at that degree of dignity, he inflamed the ambitious desires of Herod the tetrarch, 2.184. 1. Now Caius Caesar did so grossly abuse the fortune he had arrived at, as to take himself to be a god, and to desire to be so called also, and to cut off those of the greatest nobility out of his country. He also extended his impiety as far as the Jews. 2.412. And, in the first place, they showed the great indignation they had at this attempt for a revolt, and for their bringing so great a war upon their country; after which they confuted their pretense as unjustifiable, and told them that their forefathers had adorned their temple in great part with donations bestowed on them by foreigners, and had always received what had been presented to them from foreign nations; 2.454. And thus were all these men barbarously murdered, excepting Metilius; for when he entreated for mercy, and promised that he would turn Jew, and be circumcised, they saved him alive, but none else. This loss to the Romans was but light, there being no more than a few slain out of an immense army; but still it appeared to be a prelude to the Jews’ own destruction, 2.463. o the daytime was spent in shedding of blood, and the night in fear,—which was of the two the more terrible; for when the Syrians thought they had ruined the Jews, they had the Judaizers in suspicion also; and as each side did not care to slay those whom they only suspected on the other, so did they greatly fear them when they were mingled with the other, as if they were certainly foreigners. 2.560. and as they had them already cooped up together in the place of public exercises, which they had done out of the suspicion they had of them, they thought they should meet with no difficulty in the attempt; yet did they distrust their own wives, which were almost all of them addicted to the Jewish religion; 3.352. Now Josephus was able to give shrewd conjectures about the interpretation of such dreams as have been ambiguously delivered by God. Moreover, he was not unacquainted with the prophecies contained in the sacred books, as being a priest himself, and of the posterity of priests: 4.317. Nay, they proceeded to that degree of impiety, as to cast away their dead bodies without burial, although the Jews used to take so much care of the burial of men, that they took down those that were condemned and crucified, and buried them before the going down of the sun. 4.459. 3. Notwithstanding which, there is a fountain by Jericho, that runs plentifully, and is very fit for watering the ground; it arises near the old city, which Joshua, the son of Nun, the general of the Hebrews, took the first of all the cities of the land of Canaan, by right of war. 4.460. The report is, that this fountain, at the beginning, caused not only the blasting of the earth and the trees, but of the children born of women, and that it was entirely of a sickly and corruptive nature to all things whatsoever; but that it was made gentle, and very wholesome and fruitful, by the prophet Elisha. This prophet was familiar with Elijah, and was his successor, 4.461. who, when he once was the guest of the people at Jericho, and the men of the place had treated him very kindly, he both made them amends as well as the country, by a lasting favor; 4.462. for he went out of the city to this fountain, and threw into the current an earthen vessel full of salt; after which he stretched out his righteous hand unto heaven, and, pouring out a mild drink-offering, he made this supplication,—That the current might be mollified, and that the veins of fresh water might be opened; 4.463. that God also would bring into the place a more temperate and fertile air for the current, and would bestow upon the people of that country plenty of the fruits of the earth, and a succession of children; and that this prolific water might never fail them, while they continued to be righteous. 4.464. To these prayers Elisha joined proper operations of his hands, after a skillful manner, and changed the fountain; and that water, which had been the occasion of barrenness and famine before, from that time did supply a numerous posterity, and afforded great abundance to the country. 4.465. Accordingly, the power of it is so great in watering the ground, that if it does but once touch a country, it affords a sweeter nourishment than other waters do, when they lie so long upon them, till they are satiated with them. 4.466. For which reason, the advantage gained from other waters, when they flow in great plenty, is but small, while that of this water is great when it flows even in little quantities. 4.467. Accordingly, it waters a larger space of ground than any other waters do, and passes along a plain of seventy furlongs long, and twenty broad; wherein it affords nourishment to those most excellent gardens that are thick set with trees. 4.483. The country of Sodom borders upon it. It was of old a most happy land, both for the fruits it bore and the riches of its cities, although it be now all burnt up. 4.484. It is related how, for the impiety of its inhabitants, it was burnt by lightning; in consequence of which there are still the remainders of that Divine fire, and the traces [or shadows] of the five cities are still to be seen, as well as the ashes growing in their fruits; which fruits have a color as if they were fit to be eaten, but if you pluck them with your hands, they dissolve into smoke and ashes. 4.485. And thus what is related of this land of Sodom hath these marks of credibility which our very sight affords us. 4.531. They also relate that it had been the habitation of Abram, the progenitor of the Jews, after he had removed out of Mesopotamia; and they say that his posterity descended from thence into Egypt, 4.532. whose monuments are to this very time showed in that small city; the fabric of which monuments are of the most excellent marble, and wrought after the most elegant manner. 4.533. There is also there showed, at the distance of six furlongs from the city, a very large turpentine tree and the report goes, that this tree has continued ever since the creation of the world. 5.15. For notwithstanding these men were mad with all sorts of impiety, yet did they still admit those that desired to offer their sacrifices, although they took care to search the people of their own country beforehand, and both suspected and watched them; while they were not so much afraid of strangers, who, although they had gotten leave of them, how cruel soever they were, to come into that court, were yet often destroyed by this sedition; 5.17. insomuch that many persons who came thither with great zeal from the ends of the earth, to offer sacrifices at this celebrated place, which was esteemed holy by all mankind, fell down before their own sacrifices themselves, and sprinkled that altar which was venerable among all men, both Greeks and Barbarians, with their own blood; 5.225. Before this temple stood the altar, fifteen cubits high, and equal both in length and breadth; each of which dimensions was fifty cubits. The figure it was built in was a square, and it had corners like horns; and the passage up to it was by an insensible acclivity. It was formed without any iron tool, nor did any such iron tool so much as touch it at any time. 5.226. There was also a wall of partition, about a cubit in height, made of fine stones, and so as to be grateful to the sight; this encompassed the holy house and the altar, and kept the people that were on the outside off from the priests. 5.227. Moreover, those that had the gonorrhea and the leprosy were excluded out of the city entirely; women also, when their courses were upon them, were shut out of the temple; nor when they were free from that impurity, were they allowed to go beyond the limit before-mentioned; men also, that were not thoroughly pure, were prohibited to come into the inner [court of the] temple; nay, the priests themselves that were not pure were prohibited to come into it also. 5.228. 7. Now all those of the stock of the priests that could not minister by reason of some defect in their bodies, came within the partition, together with those that had no such imperfection, and had their share with them by reason of their stock, but still made use of none except their own private garments; for nobody but he that officiated had on his sacred garments; 5.229. but then those priests that were without any blemish upon them went up to the altar clothed in fine linen. They abstained chiefly from wine, out of this fear, lest otherwise they should transgress some rules of their ministration. 5.230. The high priest did also go up with them; not always indeed, but on the seventh days and new moons, and if any festivals belonging to our nation, which we celebrate every year, happened. 5.231. When he officiated, he had on a pair of breeches that reached beneath his privy parts to his thighs, and had on an inner garment of linen, together with a blue garment, round, without seam, with fringework, and reaching to the feet. There were also golden bells that hung upon the fringes, and pomegranates intermixed among them. The bells signified thunder, and the pomegranates lightning. 5.232. But that girdle that tied the garment to the breast was embroidered with five rows of various colors, of gold, and purple, and scarlet, as also of fine linen and blue, with which colors we told you before the veils of the temple were embroidered also. 5.233. The like embroidery was upon the ephod; but the quantity of gold therein was greater. Its figure was that of a stomacher for the breast. There were upon it two golden buttons like small shields, which buttoned the ephod to the garment; in these buttons were enclosed two very large and very excellent sardonyxes, having the names of the tribes of that nation engraved upon them: 5.234. on the other part there hung twelve stones, three in a row one way, and four in the other; a sardius, a topaz, and an emerald; a carbuncle, a jasper, and a sapphire; an agate, an amethyst, and a ligure; an onyx, a beryl, and a chrysolite; upon every one of which was again engraved one of the forementioned names of the tribes. 5.235. A mitre also of fine linen encompassed his head, which was tied by a blue ribbon, about which there was another golden crown, in which was engraven the sacred name [of God]: it consists of four vowels. 5.268. But though they had these engines in their possession, they had so little skill in using them, that they were in great measure useless to them; but a few there were who had been taught by deserters how to use them, which they did use, though after an awkward manner. So they cast stones and arrows at those that were making the banks; they also ran out upon them by companies, and fought with them. 5.363. for that the Romans, who had no relation to those things, had a reverence for their sacred rites and places, although they belonged to their enemies, and had till now kept their hands off from meddling with them; while such as were brought up under them, and, if they be preserved, will be the only people that will reap the benefit of them, hurry on to have them destroyed. 5.379. In old times there was one Necao, king of Egypt, who was also called Pharaoh; he came with a prodigious army of soldiers, and seized queen Sarah, the mother of our nation. 5.380. What did Abraham our progenitor then do? Did he defend himself from this injurious person by war, although he had three hundred and eighteen captains under him, and an immense army under each of them? Indeed he deemed them to be no number at all without God’s assistance, and only spread out his hands towards this holy place, which you have now polluted, and reckoned upon him as upon his invincible supporter, instead of his own army. 5.381. Was not our queen sent back, without any defilement, to her husband, the very next evening?—while the king of Egypt fled away, adoring this place which you have defiled by shedding thereon the blood of your own countrymen; and he also trembled at those visions which he saw in the night season, and bestowed both silver and gold on the Hebrews, as on a people beloved by God. 5.382. Shall I say nothing, or shall I mention the removal of our fathers into Egypt, who, when they were used tyrannically, and were fallen under the power of foreign kings for four hundred years together, and might have defended themselves by war and by fighting, did yet do nothing but commit themselves to God? 5.383. Who is there that does not know that Egypt was overrun with all sorts of wild beasts, and consumed by all sorts of distempers? how their land did not bring forth its fruit? how the Nile failed of water? how the ten plagues of Egypt followed one upon another? and how by those means our fathers were sent away under a guard, without any bloodshed, and without running any dangers, because God conducted them as his peculiar servants? 5.384. Moreover, did not Palestine groan under the ravage the Assyrians made, when they carried away our sacred ark? asdid their idol Dagon, and as also did that entire nation of those that carried it away, 5.385. how they were smitten with a loathsome distemper in the secret parts of their bodies, when their very bowels came down together with what they had eaten, till those hands that stole it away were obliged to bring it back again, and that with the sound of cymbals and timbrels, and other oblations, in order to appease the anger of God for their violation of his holy ark. 5.386. It was God who then became our General, and accomplished these great things for our fathers, and this because they did not meddle with war and fighting, but committed it to him to judge about their affairs. 5.387. When Sennacherib, king of Assyria, brought along with him all Asia, and encompassed this city round with his army, did he fall by the hands of men? 5.388. were not those hands lifted up to God in prayers, without meddling with their arms, when an angel of God destroyed that prodigious army in one night? when the Assyrian king, as he rose the next day, found a hundred fourscore and five thousand dead bodies, and when he, with the remainder of his army, fled away from the Hebrews, though they were unarmed, and did not pursue them. 5.389. You are also acquainted with the slavery we were under at Babylon, where the people were captives for seventy years; yet were they not delivered into freedom again before God made Cyrus his gracious instrument in bringing it about; accordingly they were set free by him, and did again restore the worship of their Deliverer at his temple. 5.391. for example, when the king of Babylon besieged this very city, and our king Zedekiah fought against him, contrary to what predictions were made to him by Jeremiah the prophet, he was at once taken prisoner, and saw the city and the temple demolished. Yet how much greater was the moderation of that king, than is that of your present governors, and that of the people then under him, than is that of you at this time! 5.392. for when Jeremiah cried out aloud, how very angry God was at them, because of their transgressions, and told them that they should be taken prisoners, unless they would surrender up their city, neither did the king nor the people put him to death; 5.393. but for you (to pass over what you have done within the city, which I am not able to describe as your wickedness deserves) you abuse me, and throw darts at me, who only exhort you to save yourselves, as being provoked when you are put in mind of your sins, and cannot bear the very mention of those crimes which you every day perpetrate. 5.529. But when Simon was come in, and had gotten the city under his power, he esteemed him that had advised them to admit him as his enemy equally with the rest, as looking upon that advice as a piece of his simplicity only; 6.103. But still, John, it is never dishonorable to repent, and amend what hath been done amiss, even at the last extremity. Thou hast an instance before thee in Jechoniah, the king of the Jews, if thou hast a mind to save the city, 6.104. who, when the king of Babylon made war against him, did of his own accord go out of this city before it was taken, and did undergo a voluntary captivity with his family, that the sanctuary might not be delivered up to the enemy, and that he might not see the house of God set on fire; 6.120. but that, if they would not agree to such a proposal, they would at least depart out of the temple, and save the holy house for their own use; for that the Romans would not venture to set the sanctuary on fire but under the most pressing necessity. 6.126. Have not we given you leave to kill such as go beyond it, though he were a Roman? And what do you do now, you pernicious villains? Why do you trample upon dead bodies in this temple? and why do you pollute this holy house with the blood of both foreigners and Jews themselves? 6.270. and from the second building of it, which was done by Haggai, in the second year of Cyrus the king, till its destruction under Vespasian, there were six hundred and thirty-nine years and forty-five days. 6.301. began on a sudden to cry aloud, “A voice from the east, a voice from the west, a voice from the four winds, a voice against Jerusalem and the holy house, a voice against the bridegrooms and the brides, and a voice against this whole people!” This was his cry, as he went about by day and by night, in all the lanes of the city. 6.423. So these high priests, upon the coming of that feast which is called the Passover, when they slay their sacrifices, from the ninth hour till the eleventh, but so that a company not less than ten belong to every sacrifice (for it is not lawful for them to feast singly by themselves), and many of us are twenty in a company, 6.424. found the number of sacrifices was two hundred and fifty-six thousand five hundred; 6.425. which, upon the allowance of no more than ten that feast together, amounts to two million seven hundred thousand and two hundred persons that were pure and holy; 6.426. for as to those that have the leprosy, or the gonorrhea, or women that have their monthly courses, or such as are otherwise polluted, it is not lawful for them to be partakers of this sacrifice; 6.436. for Shishak, the king of Egypt, and after him Antiochus, and after him Pompey, and after them Sosius and Herod, took the city, but still preserved it; 6.438. But he who first built it. Was a potent man among the Canaanites, and is in our own tongue called [Melchisedek], the Righteous King, for such he really was; on which account he was [there] the first priest of God, and first built a temple [there], and called the city Jerusalem, which was formerly called Salem. 7.45. and as the succeeding kings treated them after the same manner, they both multiplied to a great number, and adorned their temple gloriously by fine ornaments, and with great magnificence, in the use of what had been given them. They also made proselytes of a great many of the Greeks perpetually, and thereby, after a sort, brought them to be a portion of their own body. 7.191. As for the Jews that were caught in this place, they separated themselves from the strangers that were with them, and they forced those strangers, as an otherwise useless multitude, to stay in the lower part of the city, and undergo the principal dangers, 7.420. 2. Now Lupus did then govern Alexandria, who presently sent Caesar word of this commotion; 7.421. who having in suspicion the restless temper of the Jews for innovation, and being afraid lest they should get together again, and persuade some others to join with them, gave orders to Lupus to demolish that Jewish temple which was in the region called Onion, 7.422. and was in Egypt, which was built and had its denomination from the occasion following: 7.423. Onias, the son of Simon, one of the Jewish high priests, fled from Antiochus the king of Syria, when he made war with the Jews, and came to Alexandria; and as Ptolemy received him very kindly, on account of his hatred to Antiochus, he assured him, that if he would comply with his proposal, he would bring all the Jews to his assistance; 7.424. and when the king agreed to do it so far as he was able, he desired him to give him leave to build a temple somewhere in Egypt, and to worship God according to the customs of his own country; 7.425. for that the Jews would then be so much readier to fight against Antiochus who had laid waste the temple at Jerusalem, and that they would then come to him with greater goodwill; and that, by granting them liberty of conscience, very many of them would come over to him. 7.426. 3. So Ptolemy complied with his proposals, and gave him a place one hundred and eighty furlongs distant from Memphis. That Nomos was called the Nomos of Heliopoli 7.427. where Onias built a fortress and a temple, not like to that at Jerusalem, but such as resembled a tower. He built it of large stones to the height of sixty cubits; 7.428. he made the structure of the altar in imitation of that in our own country, and in like manner adorned with gifts, excepting the make of the candlestick, 7.429. for he did not make a candlestick, but had a [single] lamp hammered out of a piece of gold, which illuminated the place with its rays, and which he hung by a chain of gold; 7.430. but the entire temple was encompassed with a wall of burnt brick, though it had gates of stone. The king also gave him a large country for a revenue in money, that both the priests might have a plentiful provision made for them, and that God might have great abundance of what things were necessary for his worship. 7.431. Yet did not Onias do this out of a sober disposition, but he had a mind to contend with the Jews at Jerusalem, and could not forget the indignation he had for being banished thence. Accordingly, he thought that by building this temple he should draw away a great number from them to himself. 7.432. There had been also a certain ancient prediction made by [a prophet] whose name was Isaiah, about six hundred years before, that this temple should be built by a man that was a Jew in Egypt. And this is the history of the building of that temple. 7.433. 4. And now Lupus, the governor of Alexandria, upon the receipt of Caesar’s letter, came to the temple, and carried out of it some of the donations dedicated thereto, and shut up the temple itself. 7.434. And as Lupus died a little afterward, Paulinus succeeded him. This man left none of those donations there, and threatened the priests severely if they did not bring them all out; nor did he permit any who were desirous of worshipping God there so much as to come near the whole sacred place; 7.435. but when he had shut up the gates, he made it entirely inaccessible, insomuch that there remained no longer the least footsteps of any Divine worship that had been in that place. 7.436. Now the duration of the time from the building of this temple till it was shut up again was three hundred and forty-three years. 7.447. 3. Nay, indeed, lest any Jews that lived elsewhere should convict him of his villainy, he extended his false accusations further, and persuaded Jonathan, and certain others that were caught with him, to bring an accusation of attempts for innovation against the Jews that were of the best character both at Alexandria and at Rome. 7.448. One of these, against whom this treacherous accusation was laid, was Josephus, the writer of these books. 7.449. However, this plot, thus contrived by Catullus, did not succeed according to his hopes; for though he came himself to Rome, and brought Jonathan and his companions along with him in bonds, and thought he should have had no further inquisition made as to those lies that were forged under his government, or by his means; 7.450. yet did Vespasian suspect the matter, and made an inquiry how far it was true. And when he understood that the accusation laid against the Jews was an unjust one, he cleared them of the crimes charged upon them, and this on account of Titus’s concern about the matter, and brought a deserved punishment upon Jonathan; for he was first tormented, and then burnt alive. 7.451. 4. But as to Catullus, the emperors were so gentle to him, that he underwent no severe condemnation at this time; yet was it not long before he fell into a complicated and almost incurable distemper, and died miserably. He was not only afflicted in body, but the distemper in his mind was more heavy upon him than the other; 7.452. for he was terribly disturbed, and continually cried out that he saw the ghosts of those whom he had slain standing before him. Whereupon he was not able to contain himself, but leaped out of his bed, as if both torments and fire were brought to him. 7.453. This his distemper grew still a great deal worse and worse continually, and his very entrails were so corroded, that they fell out of his body, and in that condition he died. Thus he became as great an instance of Divine Providence as ever was, and demonstrated that God punishes wicked men. |
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48. New Testament, Acts, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 195| 6.2. προσκαλεσάμενοι δὲ οἱ δώδεκα τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μαθητῶν εἶπαν Οὐκ ἀρεστόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς καταλείψαντας τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ διακονεῖν τραπέζαις· | 6.2. The twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, "It is not appropriate for us to forsake the word of God and serve tables. |
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| 49. Plutarch, Greek Questions, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151 |
| 50. Plutarch, On The Malice of Herodotus, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 359 |
51. Plutarch, Cicero, 7.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •conversion, conversion/adherence in josephus, in jewish antiquities Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 196| 7.6. τοῦ δὲ ῥήτορος Ὁρτησίου τὴν μὲν εὐθεῖαν τῷ Βέρρῃ συνειπεῖν μὴ τολμήσαντος, ἐν δὲ τῷ τιμήματι πεισθέντος παραγενέσθαι καὶ λαβόντος ἐλεφαντίνην Σφίγγα μισθόν, εἶπέ τι πλαγίως ὁ Κικέρων πρὸς αὐτόν τοῦ δὲ φήσαντος αἰνιγμάτων λύσεως ἀπείρως ἔχειν, καὶ μὴν ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας ἔφη, οἰκιας, ἔφη, τὴν Graux with M a : οἰκίας τήν . τὴν Σφίγγα ἔχεις. | 7.6. |
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| 52. Justin, Dialogue With Trypho, 15.2, 19.3 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Niehoff (2011), Jewish Exegesis and Homeric Scholarship in Alexandria, 110 |
| 53. Palestinian Talmud, Sotah, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151 |
| 54. Palestinian Talmud, Moed Qatan, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151 |
| 55. Palestinian Talmud, Megillah, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151 |
| 56. Cassius Dio, Roman History, None (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 37 |
| 57. Tatian, Oration To The Greeks, 1.1 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dreams (in greek and latin literature), josephus, jewish antiquities Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 111 |
| 58. Eusebius of Caesarea, Commentary On Psalms, None (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 126 |
59. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151| 105a. ועלו בידו שתים חייב והתנן פטור לא קשיא הא דבעי זיוני הא דלא בעי זיוני:,כתב אות אחת נוטריקון רבי יהושע בן בתירה מחייב וחכמים פוטרין: א"ר יוחנן משום ר' יוסי בן זימרא מנין ללשון נוטריקון מן התורה שנא' (בראשית יז, ה) כי א"ב המו"ן גוים נתתיך אב נתתיך לאומות בחור נתתיך באומות המון חביב נתתיך באומות מלך נתתיך לאומות ותיק נתתיך באומות נאמן נתתיך לאומות,ר' יוחנן דידיה אמר (שמות כ, ב) אנכי נוטריקון אנא נפשי כתיבת יהבית רבנן אמרי אמירה נעימה כתיבה יהיבה איכא דאמרי אנכי למפרע יהיבה כתיבה נאמנין אמריה,דבי רבי נתן אמרי (במדבר כב, לב) כי יר"ט הדרך לנגדי יראה ראתה נטתה דבי רבי ישמעאל תנא (ויקרא כג, יד) כרמ"ל כר מלא רב אחא בר יעקב אמר (מלכים א ב, ח) והוא קללני קללה נמרצ"ת נוטריקון נואף הוא מואבי הוא רוצח הוא צורר הוא תועבה הוא,ר"נ בר יצחק אמר (בראשית מד, טז) מה נדבר ומה נצטד"ק נכונים אנחנו צדיקים אנחנו טהורים אנחנו דכים אנחנו קדושים אנחנו:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big הכותב ב' אותיות בשתי העלמות אחת שחרית ואחת בין הערבים ר"ג מחייב וחכמים פוטרין:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big במאי קמיפלגי ר"ג סבר אין ידיעה לחצי שיעור ורבנן סברי יש ידיעה לחצי שיעור:, br br big strongהדרן עלך הבונה /strong /big br br,מתני׳ big strongרבי /strong /big אליעזר אומר האורג שלשה חוטין בתחילה ואחת על האריג חייב וחכ"א בין בתחילה בין בסוף שיעורו ב' חוטין העושה שתי בתי נירין בנירין בקירוס בנפה בכברה ובסל חייב והתופר ב' תפירות והקורע ע"מ לתפור ב' תפירות:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big כי אתא רבי יצחק תני שתים והאנן תנן ג' לא קשיא הא באלימי הא בקטיני אמרי לה להאי גיסא ואמרי לה להאי גיסא אמרי לה להאי גיסא אלימי תלתא לא סתרי תרי סתרי קטיני תרי נמי לא סתרי ואמרי לה להאי גיסא קטיני תלתא ידיעי תרי לא ידיעי אלימי תרי נמי ידיעי,תניא האורג ג' חוטין בתחילה ואחד על האריג חייב וחכמים אומרים בין בתחילה בין בסוף שיעורן ב' חוטין ובשפה ב' חוטין ברוחב ג' בתי נירין הא למה זה דומה לאורג צלצול קטן ב' חוטין ברוחב ג' בתי נירין והאורג ג' חוטין בתחילה ואחד על האריג חייב סתמא כר"א,תניא אידך האורג ב' חוטין על הגס ועל האימרא חייב ר"א אומר אפילו אחד ובשפה שני חוטין ברוחב שלשה בתי נירין חייב הא למה זה דומה לאורג צלצול קטן שני חוטין על רוחב ג' בתי נירין והאורג ב' חוטין על הגס ועל האימרא חייב סתמא כרבנן:,העושה ב' בתי נירין כו': מאי [בנירין] אמר אביי תרתי בבתי נירא וחדא בנירא: בקירוס: מאי בקירוס אמר רב מצוביתא:,והתופר ב' תפירות: הא תנינא באבות מלאכות והתופר ב' תפירות משום דקבעי למיתנא סיפא והקורע ע"מ לתפור ב' תפירות קתני נמי התופר והקורע הא נמי תנינא באבות מלאכות אלא משום דקבעי למיתני סיפא הקורע בחמתו ועל מתו משום הכי קתני [התופר שתי תפירות]:,והקורע ע"מ לתפור שתי תפירות: היכי משכחת לה | 105a. b and managed /b to write b two /b letters, b he is liable. /b The Gemara asks: b Didn’t we learn /b in the mishna that one is b exempt /b in that case? The Gemara answers: This is b not difficult: That /b case where we learned that he is exempt is referring to a case b where /b the letters b require crowns. This /b is referring to a case b where they do not require crowns, /b and he is liable. If the letters already had their requisite ornamentation and an individual separated them, it is as if he wrote two letters.,We learned in the mishna If b one wrote one letter /b as b an abbreviation [ i notarikon /i ] /b representing an entire word, b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Beteira deems /b him b liable /b to bring a sin-offering, b and the Rabbis deem /b him b exempt. Rabbi Yoḥa said in the name of Rabbi Yosei ben Zimra: From where /b is it derived that the b language of abbreviation /b is employed b in the Torah? As it is stated: /b “Neither shall your name any more be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham; b for the father of a multitude of nations [ i av hamon goyim /i ] have I made you” /b (Genesis 17:5). The verse itself contracts i av hamon /i into Abraham [ i Avraham /i ]. The words i av hamon /i themselves are interpreted as an abbreviation: b I have made you a father [ i av /i ] for the nations, I have made you chosen [ i baḥur /i ] among the nations, I have made you beloved [ i ḥaviv /i ] among the nations, I have made you king [ i melekh /i ] for the nations, I have made you distinguished [ i vatik /i ] for the nations, I have made you trusted [ i ne’eman /i ] for the nations. /b , b Rabbi Yoḥa himself said /b that the word b i anokhi /i /b that begins the Ten Commandments is an b abbreviation /b for: b I myself wrote /b and b gave [ i ana nafshi ketivat yehavit /i ]. The Rabbis said /b it is an abbreviation for: b A pleasant statement was written /b and b given [ i amira ne’ima ketiva yehiva /i ]. Some say /b the word b i anokhi /i /b can be interpreted b backwards: It was written, it was given, its statements are faithful [ i yehiva ketiva ne’emanim amareha /i ]. /b , b The school of Rabbi Natan said /b that there is another abbreviation in the Torah. In the verse: “And the angel of the Lord said to him: Why did you hit your donkey these three times? Behold I have come out as an adversary b because your way is contrary [ i yarat /i ] against me” /b (Numbers 22:32). i Yarat /i is an abbreviation for: The donkey b feared [ i yare’a /i ], it saw [ i ra’ata /i ], /b and b it turned aside [ i nateta /i ]. The school of Rabbi Yishmael taught: /b The word b i karmel /i /b in the verse: “And bread, and toasted grain flour, and toasted grain [ i karmel /i ]” (Leviticus 23:14) means: b A full kernel [ i kar maleh /i ], /b i.e., the seed fills the stalk. b Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov said /b in King David’s words: “And behold, with you is Shimi ben Gera from Benjamin, of Bahurim, b who cursed me with a grievous [ i nimretzet /i ] curse /b on the day that I went to Mahanaim” (I Kings 2:8). The word i nimretzet /i is an b abbreviation /b for: b He is an adulterer [ i noef /i ], he is a Moabite [ i Moavi /i ], he is a murderer [ i rotze’aḥ /i ], he is an oppressor [ i tzorer /i ], he is an abomination [ i to’eva /i ]. /b , b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said /b that there is another abbreviation in the Bible: “And Judah said: What can we say to my master, b what can we speak, and how can we justify [ i nitztadak /i ]” /b (Genesis 44:16), which stands for: b We are honest [ i nekhonim /i ], we are righteous [ i tzaddikim /i ], we are pure [ i tehorim /i ], we are innocent [ i dakkim /i ], we are holy [ i kedoshim /i ]. /b , strong MISHNA: /strong With regard to b one who writes two letters /b on Shabbat b in two /b separate b lapses of awareness /b separated by a period of awareness that the day was Shabbat, writing b one /b letter in b the morning and one /b letter b in the afternoon, Rabban Gamliel deems /b him b liable /b to bring a sin-offering like someone who has unintentionally performed a full-fledged prohibited labor, b and the Rabbis deem /b him b exempt. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara asks: With regard to b what do they disagree? Rabban Gamliel holds: There is no awareness for half a measure. /b One is not liable to bring a sacrifice for half a measure; therefore, the fact that he became aware between performance of the two halves of the prohibited labor is of no significance. His awareness does not demarcate between one act of writing a letter and the second act of writing a letter with regard to liability to bring a sin-offering. b And the Rabbis hold: There is awareness for half a measure. /b If an individual became aware of his transgression between the two parts of the prohibited labor, each individual part is independent of the other, and the two halves of the prohibited labor do not join together to create liability.,, strong MISHNA: /strong b Rabbi Eliezer says: One who weaves /b on Shabbat is b liable /b to bring a sin-offering if he wove b three threads at the beginning /b of something new, b or /b if he adds b one /b thread b to a /b preexisting b woven fabric. And the Rabbis say: Both at the beginning and at the end, its measure /b for liability is b two threads. One who makes two meshes, /b i.e., ties the threads of the warp, attaching them b to /b either b the i nirin /i /b or b the i keiros /i , /b which will be explained in the Gemara, b in a winnow, sieve, or basket, is liable /b for making meshes. b And one who sews /b is liable if he sews b two stitches. And one who tears /b is liable if he tears enough fabric b in order to sew two stitches /b to repair it., strong GEMARA: /strong b When Rabbi Yitzḥak came /b from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, b he taught /b that Rabbi Eliezer said: b Two /b threads is the measure that determines liability for beginning a weave. The Gemara asks: b Didn’t we learn three /b in the mishna? The Gemara answers: This is b not difficult, /b because b this /b source is referring b to thick /b threads and b that source /b is referring b to thin /b threads. b Some say it this way, /b that one is liable when weaving two thick threads, b and some say it that way, /b that one is liable when weaving two thin threads. The Gemara elaborates: b Some say it this way: /b One who weaves b thick /b threads, b three /b threads b will not unravel, /b but b two will unravel. /b With regard to b thin /b threads, b two will also not unravel. And some say it this way: /b One who weaves b thin /b threads, b three /b threads b are conspicuous, two are not conspicuous. /b With regard to b thick /b threads, b two are also conspicuous. /b , b It was taught /b in a i baraita /i : b One who weaves three threads at the beginning or one /b thread b onto a /b preexisting b woven fabric is liable. And the Rabbis say: Both at the beginning and at the end, its measure /b for liability is b two threads. And /b if one weaves b a hem /b with a thread or color different from the original garment, he is liable for weaving b two threads across a width of three meshes, /b i.e., three threads of the warp. Why is one liable in that case? b To what is this similar? /b It is similar b to weaving a small belt /b in which one weaves b two threads across a width of three meshes, /b the width of the belt. b And /b when it is taught in the i baraita /i : b One who weaves three threads at the beginning or one /b thread b onto a /b preexisting b woven fabric is liable, /b that b unattributed /b i baraita /i is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Eliezer. /b , b It was taught /b in b another /b i baraita /i : b One who weaves two threads onto a large /b fabric b or onto the border /b of a fabric alongside the woof on Shabbat b is liable. Rabbi Eliezer says: /b One is liable b even /b if he weaves b one /b thread. b And along the edge /b of the warp, one who weaves b two threads across a width of three meshes is liable. To what is this similar? /b It is similar b to weaving a small belt /b in which one weaves b two threads across a width of three meshes. /b The Gemara comments: When it was taught in the i baraita /i : b One who weaves two threads onto a large /b fabric b or onto the border is liable, /b that b unattributed /b i baraita /i is in accordance with the opinion of b the Rabbis. /b ,We learned in the mishna that b one who makes two meshes, /b attaching them b to /b either b the i nirin /i /b or the keiros, is liable. The Gemara asks: b What /b is the meaning of b to the i nirin /i ? Abaye said: /b One ties b two to the meshes, /b the thread of the warp, b and /b ties b one to the crosspiece, /b the thread that extends from the weaving rod. We learned in the mishna that one is liable for attaching the meshes b to the i keiros /i , /b and the Gemara asks: b What is /b a b i keiros /i ? Rav said: /b It refers to b the slips, /b the parts that go up and down on a stationary loom and are parallel to the pole., b And /b we also learned in the mishna that b one who sews /b on Shabbat is liable if he sews b two stitches. /b The Gemara asks: b We /b already b learned that on /b the list of b primary categories of prohibited labor: And one who sews two stitches /b is liable. The Gemara answers: b Since /b the mishna b wanted to teach in the latter clause: And one who tears in order to sew two stitches, /b it b also taught /b the i halakha /i of b one who sews. And one who tears, /b did b we /b not b also learn /b this in the mishna enumerating the list of b primary categories of prohibited labor? Since /b the mishna b wanted to teach /b a new i halakha /i b in the latter clause, /b namely: b One who tears in his anger or for his dead relative, therefore, /b it also b taught /b the i halakha /i of b one who sews two stitches. /b ,With regard to what we learned in the mishna: b And one who tears in order to sew two stitches, /b the Gemara asks: b Where do you find that /b case where it is necessary to tear a garment in order to sew it? |
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60. Babylonian Talmud, Qiddushin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 345| 49a. גט פשוט עדיו מתוכו מקושר עדיו מאחוריו פשוט שכתבו עדיו מאחוריו ומקושר שכתבו עדיו מתוכו שניהם פסולים ר' חנינא בן גמליאל אומר מקושר שכתבו עדיו מתוכו כשר שיכול לעשותו פשוט רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר הכל כמנהג המדינה,והוינן בה ותנא קמא לית ליה מנהג המדינה ואמר רב אשי באתרא דנהיגי בפשוט ועבד ליה מקושר א"נ באתרא דנהיגי במקושר ועבד ליה פשוט כולי עלמא לא פליגי דודאי קפידא,כי פליגי באתרא דנהיגי בין בפשוט בין במקושר ואמר ליה עביד לי פשוט ואזל ועבד ליה מקושר מר סבר קפידא ומר סבר מראה מקום הוא לו,ר' אלעזר דתנן האשה שאמרה התקבל לי גיטי ממקום פלוני וקבל לה גיטה ממקום אחר פסול ורבי אלעזר מכשיר אלמא קסבר מראה מקום היא לו,אמר עולא מחלוקת בשבח ממון אבל בשבח יוחסין דברי הכל אינה מקודשת מאי טעמא מסאנא דרב מכרעאי לא בעינא תניא נמי הכי מודה ר' שמעון אם הטעה לשבח יוחסים אינה מקודשת,אמר רב אשי מתניתין נמי דיקא דקתני ע"מ שאני כהן ונמצא לוי לוי ונמצא כהן נתין ונמצא ממזר ממזר ונמצא נתין ולא פליג ר"ש,מתקיף לה מר בר רב אשי אלא דקתני ע"מ שיש לי בת או שפחה מגודלת ואין לו על מנת שאין לו ויש לו דשבח ממון הוא הכי נמי דלא פליג,אלא פליג ברישא וה"ה לסיפא הכא נמי פליג ברישא וה"ה לסיפא,הכי השתא התם אידי ואידי דשבח ממון פליג ברישא והוא הדין בסיפא הכא דשבח יוחסים הוא אם איתא דפליג נתני,איבעית אימא הכא נמי שבח יוחסים מי סברת מאי מגודלת גדולה ממש מאי מגודלת גדלת דאמרה היא לא ניחא לי דשקלה מילי מינאי ואזלא נדיא קמי שיבבותיי,תנו רבנן על מנת שאני קריינא כיון שקרא שלשה פסוקים בבית הכנסת הרי זו מקודשת ר' יהודה אומר עד שיקרא ויתרגם יתרגם מדעתיה והתניא ר' יהודה אומר המתרגם פסוק כצורתו הרי זה בדאי והמוסיף עליו הרי זה מחרף ומגדף אלא מאי תרגום תרגום דידן,והני מילי דא"ל קריינ' אבל אמר לה קרא אנא עד דקרי אורייתא נביאי וכתובי בדיוקא,על מנת שאני שונה חזקיה אמר הלכות ור' יוחנן אמר תורה,מיתיבי איזו היא משנה ר' מאיר אומר הלכות ר' יהודה אומר מדרש | 49a. In b an ordinary document, its witnesses /b are to sign b inside it, /b i.e., on the written side of the paper. In a folded and b tied /b document, b its witnesses /b are to sign b on the back of it. /b With regard to b an ordinary /b document b whose witnesses wrote /b their signatures b on the back of it, or a tied /b document b whose witnesses wrote /b their signatures b inside of it, both of these /b are b not valid. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Gamliel says: A tied /b document b whose witnesses wrote /b their signatures b inside of it /b is b valid, because one can transform it into an ordinary /b document by untying it. b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Everything /b is b in accordance with regional custom. /b If an ordinary document is generally used and one wrote a bound one, or vice versa, the document is invalid., b And we discussed it: And does the first i tanna /i not accept /b that one should follow the b regional custom? /b It is not reasonable that he should take issue with such a basic concept. b And Rav Ashi says /b that they have a dispute in a case where one instructed a scribe to write a document for him: If they are b in a place where the custom is /b to write b an ordinary /b document, b and he made a tied one for him; alternatively, /b if they are b in a place where the custom is /b to write b a tied /b document, b and he made an ordinary /b one b for him; /b in both of these cases, b everyone agrees that /b he was b certainly particular /b in his instructions to the agent that he should follow the regional custom, and if the latter deviated from the custom the document is invalid.,The situation b in which they disagree /b is where they are b in a place where the custom is /b to use b either an ordinary /b document b or a tied /b one, b and /b the one requesting the document b said to /b the scribe: b Make an ordinary /b document b for me, and /b the scribe b went and made a tied /b document b for him. /b In such a case, one b Sage, /b the first i tanna /i , b holds /b that the one requesting the document was b particular /b about wanting an ordinary document, and since the scribe wrote a tied document, it is considered to have been written without his consent. b And /b one b Sage, /b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, b holds /b that the one requesting the document merely b indicating /b his b position to /b the scribe, stating that if the scribe wanted to save himself the trouble of writing a tied document there would no objection., b Rabbi Elazar /b also holds that when one instructs an agent in such a manner he is merely indicating his position to him, b as we learned /b in a mishna ( i Gittin /i 65a): If there was b a woman who said /b to her agent: b Receive my bill of divorce for me /b from my husband b in such and such a place, and he received her bill of divorce for her elsewhere, it is invalid. And Rabbi Elazar deems it valid. Apparently, he holds /b that b she is /b merely b indicating a place to him /b where he can receive the bill of divorce, but she does not insist that he accept it in that particular spot.,§ b Ulla says: /b The b dispute /b in the mishna between the first i tanna /i and Rabbi Shimon is only where he misled her b with enhanced monetary /b value, i.e., he gave her something worth more than the item he had stipulated. b But /b where he misled her b with enhanced lineage, /b so that she was under the impression that his genealogy was less impressive than it in fact is, b everyone agrees /b that b she is not betrothed. What is the reason /b for this? A woman says: b I do not desire a shoe that is larger than my foot. /b She does not wish to marry a man whose social standing is far greater than her own. b This is also taught /b in a i baraita /i ( i Tosefta /i 2:6): b Rabbi Shimon concedes /b that b if he misled her with enhanced lineage, she is not betrothed. /b , b Rav Ashi says: /b The wording of b the mishna is also precise, as /b the following mishna (49b) b teaches: /b If one betroths a woman and states that the betrothal is: b On the condition that I am a priest, and he was found /b to be b a Levite; /b or: On the condition that I am b a Levite, and he was found /b to be b a priest; /b or: On the condition that I am b a Gibeonite, /b a people prohibited by rabbinic law from marrying into the congregation, i.e., from marrying a Jew of fit lineage, b and he was found /b to be b a i mamzer /i , /b who is prohibited by Torah law from marrying into the congregation; or: On the condition that I am b a i mamzer /i , and he was found /b to be b a Gibeonite, /b in all of these cases she is not betrothed. b And Rabbi Shimon does not disagree /b with these rulings. This indicates that if one misled a woman with regard to his lineage, Rabbi Shimon concedes that she is not betrothed., b Mar bar Rav Ashi objects to this /b inference: b But /b what about b that /b which b is taught /b in the same mishna: If one betroths a woman and states that the betrothal is: b On the condition that I have a grown daughter or maidservant, and he does not have /b one; or if one betroths a woman b on the condition that he does not have /b a grown daughter or maidservant b and he does have /b one, the latter of b which is /b an issue of b enhanced monetary /b value, as the difference between one who has a maidservant and one who does not impacts how hard the woman will have to work in the home; in these cases will you b also /b say b that /b Rabbi Shimon b does not disagree /b simply because the mishna does not mention his opinion in that case?, b Rather, /b it must be that b he disagrees in the first clause /b of the mishna with regard to enhanced monetary value, b and the same is true with regard to the latter clause, /b i.e., he also disagrees in that clause, and it was not necessary to state his dispute another time. b Here too, /b with regard to lineage, b he disagrees in the first clause, and the same is true with regard to the latter clause. /b ,The Gemara rejects this: b How can /b these cases b be compared? There, /b where b both this /b case b and that /b case involve an inaccuracy b of enhanced monetary /b value, it is possible that b he disagreed in the first clause and the same is true in the last clause, /b and the mishna did not need to restate his opinion. But b here, /b where it b is /b a case b of enhanced lineage, /b which is a different issue, b if it is so that /b Rabbi Shimon b disagrees, let him teach /b that explicitly. The fact that no dispute is recorded in the case of enhanced lineage is proof that he concedes in that case., b If you wish, say /b instead: b Here too, /b the issue of a daughter or maidservant involves b enhanced lineage, /b not enhanced monetary value. His statement should be understood differently. b Do you maintain /b that b what /b is the meaning of his statement that he has b a grown /b daughter or maidservant; that she is b actually grown /b up, so that she can be of help to his wife? That is not the meaning of his statement. Rather, b what /b is the meaning of: b Grown? /b That she b grows /b and plaits hair, i.e., he has a daughter or maidservant who is a hairdresser. Why might the potential bride view this as a drawback? b Because she /b can b say: /b It is b not satisfactory for me /b to live in the house with a hairdresser, b as she will take words /b she hears b from me and will go pass /b them b before my neighbors, /b meaning she will gossip about me to others. This concern is more akin to a matter of lineage than a matter of monetary value.,§ b The Sages taught: /b If one said to a woman: Be betrothed to me b on the condition that I am literate /b with regard to the Torah, b once he has read three verses in the synagogue she is betrothed. Rabbi Yehuda says /b that she is not betrothed b until he reads and translates /b the verses. The Gemara asks: Does Rabbi Yehuda mean that b one translates /b according to b his own understanding? But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i ( i Tosefta /i , i Megilla /i 3:21) that b Rabbi Yehuda says: One who translates a verse literally is a liar, /b since he distorts the meaning of the text, b and /b conversely, b one who adds /b his own translation b is /b tantamount to one who b curses and blasphemes /b God? b Rather, /b to b which translation /b is Rabbi Yehuda referring? He is referring to b our /b accepted b translation. /b , b And this statement applies /b only b if he said to her: I am literate, but /b if b he said to her: I am a reader, /b this indicates that he is an expert in the reading of the Torah, and she is not betrothed b unless /b he knows how b to read the Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings with precision. /b ,The Gemara discusses a similar case: If one said to a woman: Be betrothed to me b on the condition that I study [ i shoneh /i ], Ḥizkiyya says /b it means that he studies b i halakhot /i , and Rabbi Yoḥa says /b it means that he studies b Torah, /b i.e., the written Torah.,The Gemara b raises an objection /b to Rabbi Yoḥa from a i baraita /i : b What is /b the meaning of: b Mishna? Rabbi Meir says i halakhot /i , Rabbi Yehuda says homiletics. /b Neither of them, however, says that it refers to the written Torah. |
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61. Babylonian Talmud, Eruvin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151| 103b. מאי היא דתניא כהן שעלתה בו יבלת חבירו חותכה לו בשיניו בשיניו אין בכלי לא חבירו אין איהו לא,מני אילימא רבנן ובמקדש כיון דאמרי רבנן בעלמא משום שבות הכא מה לי הוא מה לי חבירו,אלא לאו ר"א דאמר בעלמא חייב חטאת והכא אע"ג דמכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת כמה דאפשר לשנויי משנינן,לא לעולם רבנן ואי עלתה בכריסו הכי נמי,הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שעלתה לו נשיכה בגבו ובאצילי ידיו דאיהו לא מצי שקיל לה,ואי רבנן נשקליה ניהליה ביד ותפשוט דרבי אלעזר דאמר רבי אלעזר מחלוקת ביד אבל בכלי דברי הכל חייב,וליטעמיך לרבי אליעזר נמי לישקליה ניהליה ביד האי מאי אי אמרת בשלמא רבי אליעזר היינו דגזר יד אטו כלי אלא אי אמרת רבנן היא נשקליה ניהליה ביד ותו לא מידי:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big כהן שלקה באצבעו כורך עליה גמי במקדש אבל לא במדינה אם להוציא דם כאן וכאן אסור:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big אמר רב יהודה בריה דרבי חייא לא שנו אלא גמי אבל צלצול קטן הוי יתור בגדים,ורבי יוחנן אמר לא אמרו יתור בגדים אלא במקום בגדים אבל שלא במקום בגדים לא הוי יתור בגדים,ותיפוק ליה משום חציצה בשמאל,אי נמי בימין ושלא במקום עבודה,ופליגא דרבא דאמר רבא אמר רב חסדא במקום בגדים אפילו נימא אחת חוצצת שלא במקום בגדים שלש על שלש חוצצות פחות משלש על שלש אינן חוצצות,אדרבי יוחנן ודאי פליגא אדרב יהודה בריה דרבי חייא מי נימא פליגא,שאני צלצול קטן דחשיב,לישנא אחרינא אמרי לה אמר רב יהודה בריה דרבי חייא לא שנו אלא גמי אבל צלצול קטן חוצץ,ורבי יוחנן אמר לא אמרו חציצה בפחות משלש על שלש אלא במקום בגדים אבל שלא במקום בגדים | 103b. b What is /b the source for this idea? b As it was taught /b in a i baraita /i : If b a priest grew a wart, /b which temporarily disqualifies him from performing the service, b his fellow /b priest may b cut it off for him /b on Shabbat b with his teeth. /b The Gemara infers: b With his teeth, yes, /b this is permitted; but b with an instrument, no, /b he may not do so. Likewise, for b his fellow /b priest, b yes, /b he may cut off his wart; but b he /b himself, b no, /b he may not cut off his own wart.,The Gemara inquires: According to b whose /b opinion was this i baraita /i taught? b If you say /b it is in accordance with the opinion of b the Rabbis, and /b the leniency is based on the principle that a rabbinic prohibition does not apply b in the Temple, since the Rabbis say in general /b that biting off even one’s own nails or wart, and certainly those of another, is prohibited b due to rabbinic decree, /b then in this case b here, what is /b the difference b to me /b whether it is the priest b himself /b who cuts off the wart, or b what is /b the difference b to me /b whether it is b another /b priest who cuts it off?, b Rather, wasn’t /b it taught in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Eliezer, /b who b said /b that b in general /b one b is liable to /b bring b a sin-offering /b for biting off his own nails or wart? b And here, even though /b he maintains that b preparations /b for a b mitzva override /b the prohibitions of b Shabbat, /b and it should therefore be permitted for him to cut off his own wart with an instrument, nevertheless, b as much as it is possible to alter /b the procedure so that it does not entail the violation of a Torah prohibition, b one alters, /b and biting off another person’s wart is prohibited due to rabbinic decree, not Torah law.,The Gemara rejects this contention: b No, /b this is not necessarily the case. b Actually, /b this i baraita /i can be explained in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, b and if /b the wart b grew on his abdomen, /b or anywhere else easily removable by hand, b so too, /b it is clear that according to the Rabbis there is no difference between himself and his fellow priest, and he may remove it himself.,However, b here, we are dealing with /b a case b where, /b the priest b received a bite /b that developed into a wart b on his back or on his elbow, /b from b where he /b himself b cannot remove it, /b but someone else can.,The Gemara asks: b But if /b the i baraita /i reflects the opinion of b the Rabbis, /b the other priest should be permitted to b remove /b the wart b from him by hand, /b rather than with an instrument, b and /b therefore one should b resolve /b the dilemma in accordance with the teaching of b Rabbi Elazar, as Rabbi Elazar said: The dispute /b between the Rabbis and Rabbi Eliezer with regard to the removal of one’s nails is limited to one who removed them b by hand, but /b if he removed them b with an instrument, everyone agrees /b that b he is liable /b to bring a sin-offering.,The Gemara rejects this argument: b And according to your reasoning, Rabbi Eliezer /b should b also /b agree b that he /b should be permitted to b remove it for him by hand. /b The Gemara expresses surprise at this comment: b What is /b the nature of b this /b contention? b Granted, if you say /b that it was taught in accordance with b Rabbi Eliezer, this is /b why removing the wart b by hand was decreed /b prohibited b due to /b a preventive measure, lest he remove it with b an instrument, /b as he maintains that removing a wart with an instrument is prohibited by the Torah. b However, if you say it /b is according to the opinion of b the Rabbis, he /b should be permitted to b remove it for him by hand. And nothing more /b need be said, as it is clear that the i baraita /i was taught in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer., strong MISHNA: /strong With regard to b a priest who was injured on his finger /b on Shabbat, b he /b may temporarily b wrap it with a reed /b so that his wound is not visible while he is serving in the Temple. This leniency applies b in the Temple, but not in the country, /b as it also heals the wound, and medical treatment is prohibited on Shabbat due to rabbinic decree. b If /b his intention b is to draw blood /b from the wound or to absorb blood, b it is prohibited in both /b places., strong GEMARA: /strong b Rav Yehuda, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya, said: They taught /b that b only a reed /b is permitted. b However, a small sash is /b prohibited, as it would be b considered an extra garment, /b and it is prohibited for a priest to add to the priestly garments prescribed by the Torah., b And Rabbi Yoḥa said: They said /b that donning an b extra garment /b is prohibited b only /b if it is worn b in a place /b on the priest’s body where the priestly b garments /b are worn. b But in a place /b where those b garments /b are b not /b worn, e.g., on his hand or the like, a sash that is tied there b is not considered an extra garment. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And let him derive /b that both the reed and the sash are prohibited b as an interposition. /b As the reed and sash interpose between the priest’s hand and the holy vessel, they should invalidate the service. The Gemara rejects this contention: Perhaps the wound is b on /b the priest’s b left /b hand, while the entire service is performed exclusively with his right hand. Consequently, a bandage on his left hand is not an interposition., b Alternatively, /b it is possible that the wound is b on /b the priest’s b right /b hand, b but not in a place /b used in the b service, /b which means the bandage does not interpose between his hand and the holy vessels used in the Temple service.,And this conclusion b disputes /b the opinion b of Rava, as Rava said /b that b Rav Ḥisda said: In a place /b on the priest’s body where the priestly b garments /b are worn, b even one /b extra b thread interposes /b and is prohibited, whereas b in a place /b where the priestly b garments /b are b not /b worn, if the fabric was b three /b fingerbreadths b by three /b fingerbreadths, b it interposes, /b but if it was b less than three /b fingerbreadths b by three /b fingerbreadths, b it does not interpose. /b ,The Gemara comments: This teaching b certainly disagrees with /b the opinion b of Rabbi Yoḥa, /b as he maintains that the prohibition against interpositions does not apply at all in a place on the priest’s body where the priestly garments are not worn. However, b shall we say that it /b also b disagrees with /b the opinion b of Rav Yehuda, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya, /b who prohibits even a sash smaller than three by three fingerbreadths?,The Gemara answers: Nothing can be proven from here, as b a small sash is different, since it is significant, /b and it is therefore considered a garment even if it is less than three by three fingerbreadths.,According to b another version, they reported /b this dispute as follows: b Rav Yehuda, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya, said /b that b they taught /b this leniency b only /b with regard to b a reed, but /b that b a small sash interposes. /b , b And Rabbi Yoḥa said: They said /b that there is b interposition with regard to /b an article that is b less than three by three /b fingerbreadths b only in a place /b where the priestly b garments /b are worn. b However, in a place /b where the priestly b garments /b are b not /b worn, the following distinction applies: |
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62. Babylonian Talmud, Pesahim, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151| 55a. תנא קולי קולי קתני:,ובכל מקום ת"ח וכו': למימרא דרשב"ג סבר לא חיישינן ליוהרא ורבנן סברי חיישינן ליוהרא והא איפכא שמעינן להו דתנן חתן אם ירצה לקרות קרית שמע לילה הראשון קורא רשב"ג אמר לא כל הרוצה ליטול את השם יטול,אמר ר' יוחנן מוחלפת השיטה רב שישא בריה דרב אידי אמר לא תיפוך דרבנן אדרבנן לא קשיא הכא כיון דכולי עלמא עבדי מלאכה ואיהו לא עביד מיחזי כיוהרא אבל התם כיון דכולי עלמא קרי ואיהו נמי קרי לא מיחזי כיוהרא,דר' שמעון בן גמליאל אדרשב"ג לא קשיא התם הוא דבעינן כוונה ואנן סהדי דלא מצי כווני דעתיה מיחזי כיוהרא אבל הכא לא מיחזי כיוהרא אמרי מלאכה היא דלית ליה פוק חזי כמה בטלני איכא בשוקא:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big וחכמים אומרים ביהודה היו עושין מלאכה בערבי פסחים עד חצות ובגליל לא היו עושין כל עיקר הלילה ב"ש אוסרים וב"ה מתירין עד הנץ החמה:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big מעיקרא תנא מנהגא ולבסוף תנא איסורא,אמר ר' יוחנן לא קשיא הא ר' מאיר הא ר' יהודה דתניא אמר ר' יהודה ביהודה היו עושין מלאכה בערבי פסחים עד חצות ובגליל אינן עושין כל עיקר אמר לו ר"מ מה ראייה יהודה וגליל לכאן אלא מקום שנהגו לעשות מלאכה עושין מקום שנהגו שלא לעשות אין עושין מדקאמר ר' מאיר מנהגא מכלל דרבי יהודה איסורא קאמר,וסבר ר' יהודה ארבעה עשר מותר בעשיית מלאכה והתניא ר' יהודה אומר המנכש בשלשה עשר ונעקרה בידו שותלה במקום הטיט ואין שותלה במקום הגריד,בשלשה עשר אין בארבעה עשר לא מכדי שמעינן ליה לר' יהודה דאמר כל הרכבה שאינה קולטת לשלשה ימים שוב אינה קולטת ואי ס"ד ארבעה עשר מותר בעשיית מלאכה למה לי שלשה עשר והאיכא ארביסר וחמיסר ומקצת שיתסר אמר רבא בגליל שנו,והאיכא ליליא אמר רב ששת כב"ש רב אשי אמר לעולם כב"ה לפי שאין דרכן של בני אדם לנכש בלילה,רבינא אמר לעולם ביהודה ובהשרשה חד מקצת היום ככולו אמרינן תרי מקצת היום ככולו לא אמרינן:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big ר' מאיר אומר כל מלאכה שהתחיל בה קודם לארבעה עשר גומרה בארבעה עשר אבל לא יתחיל בה בתחלה בארבעה עשר אע"פ שיכול לגומרה וחכמים אומרים ג' אומניות עושין מלאכה בערבי פסחים עד חצות ואלו הן החייטין והספרים והכובסין ר' יוסי בר יהודה אומר אף רצענין:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big איבעיא להו לצורך המועד תנן אבל שלא לצורך המועד אפילו מיגמר נמי לא או דילמא שלא לצורך המועד תנן אבל לצורך אתחולי מתחלינן או דילמא בין לצורך המועד בין שלא לצורך מיגמר אין אתחולי לא,ת"ש אבל לא יתחיל בתחילה בארבעה עשר אפילו צלצול קטן אפילו שבכה קטנה מאי אפילו לאו אפי' הני דלצורך המועד מיגמר אין אתחולי לא מכלל דשלא לצורך מיגמר נמי לא גמרינן,לא לעולם דשלא לצורך מיגמר נמי גמרינן ומאי אפילו אפילו הני נמי דזוטרי נינהו דסלקא דעתך אמינא התחלתן זו היא גמר מלאכתן נתחיל בהו נמי לכתחילה קמשמע לן:,תא שמע רבי מאיר אומר כל מלאכה שהיא לצורך המועד | 55a. b The i tanna /i is teaching /b a series of b leniencies. /b He taught only those aspects in which the Ninth of Av is more lenient than a communal fast. He did not teach those aspects in which it is more stringent. There was no attempt made to enumerate all the differences.,It was stated in the mishna: b And in all places Torah scholars are idle /b and do not perform labor on the Ninth of Av, and according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel one should always conduct himself like a Torah scholar in this regard and refrain from performing labor. The Gemara asks: b Is that to say that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel holds /b that b we are not concerned about presumptuousness /b when a person conducts himself like a Torah scholar? b And /b conversely, do b the Rabbis hold /b that b we are concerned about presumptuousness? Didn’t we hear them /b say b the opposite? As we learned /b in a mishna: With regard to the recitation of i Shema /i on one’s wedding night, the Rabbis said that b if a groom wishes to recite i Shema /i on the first night /b despite his exemption, he may do so. b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not everyone who wishes to assume the reputation /b of a God-fearing person b may assume /b it, and consequently not everyone who wishes to recite i Shema /i on his wedding night may do so. Their opinions in that mishna appear contrary to their opinions in the current mishna., b Rabbi Yoḥa said: The /b attribution of the b opinions is reversed /b in one of the sources. b Rav Sheisha, son /b of b Rav Idi, said: Do not reverse /b either text, as it is possible to resolve the difficulty in another manner. The contradiction between the statement of b the Rabbis /b here b and /b the statement of b the Rabbis /b there is b not difficult. Here, /b on the Ninth of Av, b since everyone is performing labor and he is not performing labor, /b his idleness is conspicuous and b appears like presumptuousness. However, there, /b in the case of reciting i Shema /i on one’s wedding night, b it does not appear like presumptuousness, as everyone is reciting /b i Shema /i b and he is also reciting /b it with them.,Similarly, the contradiction b between /b the statement of b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel /b here b and /b the statement of b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel /b there is b not difficult. There, /b in the case of reciting i Shema /i on one’s wedding night, b it is that we require concentration, and it is clear to all /b that b he is unable to concentrate /b because of his preoccupation with the mitzva that he must perform. Therefore, if he recites i Shema /i b it appears like presumptuousness. /b It is as though he is announcing: I am able to concentrate although others in my situation are not. b However, here, /b by not performing labor on the Ninth of Av b it does not appear like presumptuousness, /b as people b say: It is /b because b he has no labor /b to perform. b Go out and see how many idle people there are in the marketplace, /b even on days when it is permitted to perform labor., strong MISHNA: /strong Apropos the discussion of performing labor on Passover eve, differences in other customs were cited. b And the Rabbis say: In Judea, /b people b would perform labor on Passover eves until midday, and in the Galilee /b people b would not perform /b labor on Passover eve b at all. /b With regard to performing labor on b the night /b before Passover eve, the night between the thirteenth and fourteenth of Nisan, b Beit Shammai prohibit /b performing labor, b and Beit Hillel permit /b doing so b until sunrise. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara asks with regard to the mishna: b Initially, /b at the beginning of the chapter, the i tanna /i b taught /b that in certain places there is merely a b custom /b not to perform labor, b and /b yet b ultimately, /b in this latest mishna, b he taught that /b according to the opinion of Beit Shammai, b it is prohibited /b to perform labor. Apparently, performance of labor is not dependent on custom but is actually prohibited., b Rabbi Yoḥa said: /b This is b not difficult, /b since b that /b first mishna is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Meir, /b and b this /b current mishna is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda. As it was taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yehuda said: In Judea they would perform labor on Passover eves until midday, and in the Galilee they would not perform /b labor b at all. Rabbi Meir said to him: What proof /b do you cite b from Judea and the Galilee to /b the discussion b here? Rather, /b in b a place where /b people b were accustomed to perform labor, one performs /b labor, b and /b in b a place where /b people b were accustomed not to perform /b labor, b one does not perform /b labor. The Gemara analyzes this i baraita /i : b From /b the fact b that Rabbi Meir is speaking /b about b custom, by inference, Rabbi Yehuda is speaking /b about a b prohibition /b against performing labor in the Galilee.,The Gemara asks: b And does Rabbi Yehuda hold that performance of labor on the fourteenth is permitted /b everywhere other than the Galilee? b Wasn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yehuda says: /b With regard to b one who is weeding /b a field on b the thirteenth /b of Nisan b and /b a stalk of grain b was uprooted in his hand, he plants it in a muddy place /b so that it will take root before the i omer /i offering is brought on the sixteenth of Nisan? It will then be permitted to eat the grain after the i omer /i offering is brought. However, b one /b should b not plant it in a dry place, /b as it will not take root there immediately. If it begins to sprout only after the i omer /i offering is brought, that grain will remain prohibited until after the following year’s i omer /i offering is brought.,From Rabbi Yehuda’s statement it can be inferred that if a person was weeding b on the thirteenth /b of Nisan, b yes, /b this is the i halakha /i ; however, b on the fourteenth /b of Nisan, b no, /b one may not replant the stalk of grain. b Now, we learned /b that b Rabbi Yehuda said: Any graft that does not take hold within three days will no longer take hold. If it could enter your mind /b that b performing labor on the fourteenth is permitted, why /b do b I /b need this i halakha /i to be taught specifically with regard to the b thirteenth? /b It would have been a greater novelty had he taught the i halakha /i with regard to a case that occurs on the fourteenth. b Aren’t there /b three days remaining for grain planted on the fourteenth to take root before the i omer /i offering, i.e., b the fourteenth /b of Nisan, b the fifteenth /b of Nisan, b and part of the sixteenth /b of Nisan? b Rava said: They taught /b this i halakha /i of replanting a stalk of wheat with regard to b the Galilee; /b as mentioned in the i baraita /i , Rabbi Yehuda says that in the Galilee they do not perform labor at all.,The Gemara further asks: b Isn’t there the night /b between the thirteenth and the fourteenth of Nisan, during which according to the opinion of Beit Hillel, labor is permitted even in the Galilee, which is the i halakha /i ? Rabbi Yehuda could have taught the i halakha /i with regard to weeding on the night before the fourteenth. b Rav Sheshet said: /b Rabbi Yehuda said this b in accordance with /b the opinion of b Beit Shammai, /b who prohibit performing labor that night. b Rav Ashi said: /b There is no reason to suggest implausibly that Rabbi Yehuda holds in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai, contrary to the accepted i halakha /i . b Actually, /b Rabbi Yehuda holds in accordance b with /b the opinion of b Beit Hillel. /b However, he did not teach the case about the night before the fourteenth of Nisan b because it is not the /b typical b manner of people to weed at night. /b It is virtually impossible to identify weeds in the dark., b Ravina said: Actually, /b it can be explained that Rabbi Yehuda is referring b to Judea. /b With regard to a plant b taking root, we state /b only b once /b the principle: The legal status of b part of the day is like /b that of b the entire /b day, but we b do not state twice /b the principle: The legal status of b part of the day is like /b that of b the entire /b day. When discussing a plant that was replanted on the fourteenth, in the tally of three days, the legal status of part of both the fourteenth and the sixteenth cannot be like that of entire days. A plant takes root after a fixed amount of time, and this is not affected by formalistic halakhic principles like: The legal status of part of the day is like that of the entire day., strong MISHNA: /strong b Rabbi Meir says: /b With regard to b any labor that one began before the fourteenth /b of Nisan, b he may complete it on the fourteenth /b before midday. b However, one /b may b not begin /b to perform that labor b from the outset on the fourteenth, even if he is able to complete it /b before midday. b And the Rabbis say: /b The practitioners of only b three crafts /b are permitted to b perform labor until midday on Passover eve, and they are: Tailors, barbers, and launderers, /b whose work is needed for the Festival. b Rabbi Yosei bar Yehuda says: Even shoemakers /b are permitted to work on the fourteenth., strong GEMARA: /strong b A dilemma was raised before /b the Sages: Was it with regard to labor b for the purpose of the Festival /b that b we learned /b in the mishna that Rabbi Meir permits completing labor on the fourteenth, b but /b labor b that is not for the purpose of the Festival may not even be completed? Or perhaps /b it was with regard to labor b that is not for the purpose of the Festival /b that b we learned /b that Rabbi Meir permits completing labor on the fourteenth, b but /b with regard to labor b that is for the purpose /b of the Festival, b we /b may even b initiate /b it. b Or perhaps, /b with regard to b both /b labor b that is for the purpose of the Festival and /b labor b that is not for the purpose /b of the Festival, b completing, yes, /b it is permitted, but b initiating, no, /b it is prohibited., b Come /b and b hear /b a resolution to the dilemma from that which we learned: b However, one may not begin /b work b from the outset on the fourteenth, even /b if it is b a small belt, or even a small hairnet. What /b is the meaning of the term b even /b in this context? b Isn’t it /b that b even /b with regard to b those /b items b that are for the purpose of the Festival, completing, yes, /b it is permitted, but b initiating, no, /b it is prohibited? And b by inference, /b with regard to labor b that is not for the purpose /b of the Festival, b we may not even complete /b labor that was begun previously. This supports the first possibility cited above.,The Gemara rejects this answer: b No; actually /b this means that even labor b that is not for the purpose /b of the Festival b we /b may b also complete, /b in accordance with the third possibility above. b And what /b is the meaning of the term b even? /b It is that this i halakha /i applies b even /b to b these /b items, a belt and a hairnet, b which are small; as it could enter your mind to say: /b Since they are small and b their initiation is their completion, let us even initiate /b their manufacture on the fourteenth b i ab initio /i . /b Therefore, b it teaches us /b that even with regard to this type of labor, initiating is prohibited. This i baraita /i does not provide an unequivocal resolution to the dilemma., b Come /b and b hear /b the resolution to the dilemma from another source from another source. b Rabbi Meir says: /b With regard to b any labor that is for the purpose of the Festival, /b |
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| 63. Babylonian Talmud, Niddah, 7.1 (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151 |
| 64. Babylonian Talmud, Menachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 77 |
| 65. Athanasius, Epistula Festalis Xxxix (Fragmentum In Collectione Canonum), 42 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dreams (in greek and latin literature), josephus, jewish antiquities Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 110 |
66. Babylonian Talmud, Hulin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 94| 24b. (דברי הימים ב ה, יג) ויהי כאחד למחצצרים ולמשוררים להשמיע קול אחד:,עד שיזקין עד כמה אמר רבי אלעא אמר ר' חנינא עד שירתת,תנן התם בעל קרי שטבל ולא הטיל מים לכשיטיל טמא ר' יוסי אומר בחולה ובזקן טמא בילד ובבריא טהור,ילד עד כמה אמר רבי אלעא אמר רבי חנינא כל שעומד על רגלו אחת וחולץ מנעלו ונועל מנעלו אמרו עליו על רבי חנינא שהיה בן שמונים שנה והיה עומד על רגלו אחת וחולץ מנעלו ונועל מנעלו אמר רבי חנינא חמין ושמן שסכתני אמי בילדותי הן עמדו לי בעת זקנותי,ת"ר נתמלא זקנו ראוי ליעשות שליח ציבור ולירד לפני התיבה ולישא את כפיו מאימתי כשר לעבודה משיביא שתי שערות רבי אומר אומר אני עד שיהא בן עשרים,א"ר חסדא מ"ט דרבי דכתיב (עזרא ג, ח) ויעמידו [את] הלוים מבן עשרים שנה ומעלה לנצח על מלאכת בית ה' ואידך לנצח שאני,והא האי קרא בלוים כתיב כדר' יהושע בן לוי דאמר רבי יהושע בן לוי בעשרים וארבעה מקומות נקראו כהנים לוים וזה אחד מהן (יחזקאל מד, טו) והכהנים הלוים בני צדוק,ת"ר (ויקרא כא, יז) איש מזרעך לדורותם מכאן אמר רבי אלעזר קטן פסול לעבודה ואפי' תם מאימתי כשר לעבודה משיביא שתי שערות אבל אחיו הכהנים אין מניחין אותו לעבוד עד שיהא בן כ',איכא דאמרי הא רבי היא ואפי' פסול דרבנן לית ליה ואיכא דאמרי רבי אית ליה פסול מדרבנן והא רבנן היא ולכתחלה הוא דלא אבל דיעבד עבודתו כשרה:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big טהור בכלי חרש טמא בכל הכלים טהור בכל הכלים טמא בכלי חרש:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big ת"ר אויר כלי חרש טמא וגבו טהור אויר כל הכלים טהור וגבן טמא נמצא טהור בכלי חרש טמא בכל הכלים טהור בכל הכלים טמא בכלי חרש,מנהני מילי דת"ר תוכו ואע"פ שלא נגע,אתה אומר אע"פ שלא נגע או אינו אלא אם כן נגע רבי יונתן בן אבטולמוס אומר נאמר (ויקרא יא, לג) תוכו לטמא ונאמר תוכו ליטמא מה תוכו האמור לטמא אע"פ שלא נגע אף תוכו האמור ליטמא אע"פ שלא נגע,והתם מנלן אמר רבי יונתן התורה העידה על כלי חרס | 24b. b “It came to pass, when the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to be heard” /b (II Chronicles 5:13). This indicates that the Levites must be capable of singing in one voice, and one who is unable to do so is unfit for service.,The i baraita /i teaches that the priest is eligible for service b until he ages. /b The Gemara asks: b Until when, /b i.e., what is the definition of aging in this context? b Rabbi Ela says /b that b Rabbi Ḥanina says: Until /b his hands and feet begin to b tremble. /b , b We learned /b in a mishna b there /b ( i Mikvaot /i 8:4): With regard to b one who experienced a seminal emission who /b then b immersed /b in a ritual bath b and did not urinate /b before immersing, b when he urinates he is ritually impure, /b because residue of the semen remain in his body and was discharged with the urine, rendering him impure. b Rabbi Yosei says: In /b the case of b an ill /b person b and an elderly /b person, he is b ritually impure; in /b the case of b a young /b person b and a healthy /b person, he is b ritually pure, /b as the semen was presumably discharged in its entirety at the outset., b Until when /b is one considered b a young /b person? b Rabbi Ela says /b that b Rabbi Ḥanina says: Anyone who /b is able to b stand on one of his legs and remove his shoe or put on his shoe /b is considered young. b They said about Rabbi Ḥanina that he was eighty years old and would stand on one of his legs and remove his shoe or put on his shoe. Rabbi Ḥanina says: /b The b hot water and oil that my mother smeared on me in my youth benefited me in my old age. /b , b The Sages taught: /b If b one’s beard /b is b fully /b grown, b he is fit to be appointed an emissary of the community /b for various matters, b and to descend before the ark /b as a prayer leader, b and to lift his hands /b for the Priestly Benediction. b From when /b is a priest b fit for /b Temple b service? /b It is b from /b the time he reaches puberty and b grows two /b pubic b hairs. Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b says: I say /b that he is not fit for Temple service b until he is twenty /b years of b age. /b , b Rav Ḥisda said: What is the reason /b for the opinion b of Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi? The reason is b as it is written: “And appointed the Levites, from twenty years old and upward, to oversee of the work of the House of the Lord” /b (Ezra 3:8). b And /b what does b the other /b i tanna /i hold? He holds that b to oversee is different /b and requires an older priest.,The Gemara asks: b But /b what proof can be cited from this verse with regard to priests; b isn’t that verse written with regard to Levites? /b The Gemara answers: It is understood b in accordance with /b the statement b of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: In twenty-four places /b in the Bible the b priests are called Levites. And this is one of those /b verses: b “And the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok” /b (Ezekiel 44:15). The verse in Ezra is another one of the verses., b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i with regard to the verse: b “Any man of your descendants throughout their generations /b that has a blemish shall not approach to offer the bread of his God” (Leviticus 21:17); b from here Rabbi Elazar says: A minor /b priest is b unfit for /b Temple b service, even /b if he is b unblemished, /b as he is not a man. b From when /b is b he fit for service? From /b the time he reaches puberty and b grows two /b pubic b hairs. But his brethren the priests do not allow him to perform the service until he is twenty /b years of b age. /b , b There are /b those b who say: This is /b the opinion of b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, b and he is /b of the opinion that there is b no disqualification /b for one between puberty and twenty years of age b even by rabbinic law. /b The other priests simply do not allow priests of that age to perform the Temple service i ab initio /i . b And there are /b those b who say: Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b is of /b the opinion that there is b disqualification by rabbinic law /b in that case, b and this /b statement in the i baraita /i b is /b the opinion of b the Rabbis, and /b they hold that b it is i ab initio /i that /b one may b not /b perform the service, b but after the fact, his service is valid. /b , strong MISHNA: /strong That which is b ritually pure in an earthenware vessel /b is b ritually impure in all the /b other types of b vessels; /b that which is b ritually pure in all the /b other types of b vessels /b is b ritually impure in an earthenware vessel. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i explaining the mishna: If a primary source of ritual impurity fell into the b airspace of an earthenware vessel /b the vessel is b ritually impure, and /b if it fell on b its outer side, /b the vessel is b ritually pure. /b If a primary source of ritual impurity fell into the b airspace of all the /b other types of b vessels, /b the vessels are b ritually pure, and /b if it fell on b their outer side, /b they are b ritually impure. It is found /b that that which is b ritually pure in an earthenware vessel /b is b ritually impure in all the /b other b vessels, /b and that which is b ritually pure in all the /b other b vessels /b is b ritually impure in an earthenware vessel. /b ,The Gemara asks: b From where are these matters /b derived? It is b as the Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i based on the verse: “And every earthenware vessel into which [ i tokho /i ] any of them falls, whatever is in it [ i tokho /i ] shall be impure, and it you shall break” (Leviticus 11:33); if an impure item fell b “in it [ i tokho /i ],” and even /b in a case b where /b the impure item b did not come into contact /b with the vessel, the vessel becomes impure.,The i baraita /i continues: b Do you say /b that it is impure b even if /b the impure item b did not come into contact /b with the vessel, b or /b perhaps b it is /b impure b only if it did come into contact /b with the vessel? b Rabbi Yonatan ben Avtolemos says: i Tokho /i is stated /b with regard b to transmitting impurity /b to food in its airspace, as it is stated: “Whatever is in it [ i tokho /i ] shall be impure,” b and i tokho /i is stated /b with regard b to becoming impure, /b as it is stated: “Into which [ i tokho /i ] any of them falls”; b just as /b in the case of b i tokho /i that is stated /b with regard b to transmitting impurity /b to food in its airspace, the food is impure b even if /b the impure item b did not come into contact /b with the vessel, b so too, /b in the case of b i tokho /i that is stated /b with regard b to /b the vessel b becoming impure, /b the vessel is impure b even if /b the impure item b did not come into contact /b with it.,The Gemara asks: b And there, /b with regard to rendering food impure in its airspace, b from where do we /b derive that the food becomes impure even if it did not come into contact with the impure vessel? b Rabbi Yonatan said: The Torah testified about an earthenware vessel /b |
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67. Babylonian Talmud, Horayot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 357| 13b. רב פפא אמר אפילו שופתא מרא גייצי,ת"ר חמשה דברים משכחים את הלימוד האוכל ממה שאוכל עכבר וממה שאוכל חתול והאוכל לב של בהמה והרגיל בזיתים והשותה מים של שיורי רחיצה והרוחץ רגליו זו על גבי זו ויש אומרים אף המניח כליו תחת מראשותיו חמשה דברים משיבים את הלימוד פת פחמין וכל שכן פחמין עצמן והאוכל ביצה מגולגלת בלא מלח והרגיל בשמן זית והרגיל ביין ובשמים והשותה מים של שיורי עיסה ויש אומרים אף הטובל אצבעו במלח ואוכל,הרגיל בשמן זית מסייע ליה לרבי יוחנן דאמר רבי יוחנן כשם שהזית משכח לימוד של שבעים שנה כך שמן זית משיב לימוד של שבעים שנה:,והרגיל ביין ובשמים: מסייע ליה לרבא דאמר רבא חמרא וריחני פקחין:,והטובל אצבעו במלח: אמר ר"ל ובאחת כתנאי ר' יהודה אומר אחת ולא שתים רבי יוסי אומר שתים ולא שלש וסימניך קמיצה,עשרה דברים קשים ללימוד העובר תחת האפסר [הגמל] וכל שכן תחת גמל [עצמו] והעובר בין שני גמלים והעובר בין שתי נשים והאשה העוברת בין שני אנשים והעובר מתחת ריח רע של נבילה והעובר תחת הגשר שלא עברו תחתיו מים מ' יום והאוכל פת שלא בשל כל צרכו והאוכל בשר מזוהמא ליסטרון והשותה מאמת המים העוברת בבית הקברות והמסתכל בפני המת ויש אומרים אף הקורא כתב שעל גבי הקבר,ת"ר כשהנשיא נכנס כל העם עומדים ואין יושבים עד שאומר להם שבו כשאב ב"ד נכנס עושים לו שורה אחת מכאן ושורה אחת מכאן עד שישב במקומו כשחכם נכנס אחד עומד ואחד יושב עד שישב במקומו בני חכמים ותלמידי חכמים בזמן שרבים צריכים להם מפסיעין על ראשי העם יצא לצורך יכנס וישב במקומו,בני ת"ח שממונים אביהם פרנס על הצבור בזמן שיש להם דעת לשמוע נכנסים ויושבים לפני אביהם ואחוריהם כלפי העם בזמן שאין להם דעת לשמוע נכנסים ויושבים לפני אביהם ופניהם כלפי העם רבי אלעזר בר ר' [צדוק] אומר אף בבית המשתה עושים אותם סניפין,[אמר מר] יצא לצורך נכנס ויושב במקומו אמר רב פפא לא אמרו אלא לקטנים אבל לגדולים לא הוה ליה למבדק נפשיה מעיקרא דאמר רב יהודה אמר רב לעולם ילמד אדם עצמו להשכים ולהעריב כדי שלא יתרחק (אמר רבא) האידנא דחלשא עלמא אפילו לגדולים נמי,רבי אלעזר ב"ר [צדוק] אומר אף בבית המשתה עושים אותם סניפים אמר רבא בחיי אביהם בפני אביהם,א"ר יוחנן בימי רשב"ג נישנית משנה זו רבן שמעון בן גמליאל נשיא רבי מאיר חכם רבי נתן אב"ד כי הוה רשב"ג התם הוו קיימי כולי עלמא מקמיה כי הוו עיילי רבי מאיר ורבי נתן הוו קיימי כולי עלמא מקמייהו אמר רשב"ג לא בעו למיהוי היכרא בין דילי לדידהו תקין הא מתניתא,ההוא יומא לא הוו רבי מאיר ורבי נתן התם למחר כי אתו חזו דלא קמו מקמייהו כדרגילא מילתא אמרי מאי האי אמרו להו הכי תקין רשב"ג,אמר ליה ר"מ לרבי נתן אנא חכם ואת אב"ד נתקין מילתא כי לדידן מאי נעביד ליה נימא ליה גלי עוקצים דלית ליה וכיון דלא גמר נימא ליה (תהלים קו, ב) מי ימלל גבורות ה' ישמיע כל תהלתו למי נאה למלל גבורות ה' מי שיכול להשמיע כל תהלותיו נעבריה והוי אנא אב"ד ואת נשיא,שמעינהו רבי יעקב בן קרשי אמר דלמא חס ושלום אתיא מלתא לידי כיסופא אזל יתיב אחורי עיליתיה דרשב"ג פשט גרס ותנא גרס ותנא,אמר מאי דקמא דלמא חס ושלום איכא בי מדרשא מידי יהב דעתיה וגרסה למחר אמרו ליה ניתי מר וניתני בעוקצין פתח ואמר בתר דאוקים אמר להו אי לא גמירנא כסיפיתנן,פקיד ואפקינהו מבי מדרשא הוו כתבי קושייתא [בפתקא] ושדו התם דהוה מיפריק מיפריק דלא הוו מיפריק כתבי פירוקי ושדו אמר להו רבי יוסי תורה מבחוץ ואנו מבפנים,אמר להן רבן [שמעון בן] גמליאל ניעיילינהו מיהו ניקנסינהו דלא נימרו שמעתא משמייהו אסיקו לרבי מאיר אחרים ולר' נתן יש אומרים אחוו להו בחלמייהו זילו פייסוהו [לרבן שמעון ב"ג] רבי נתן אזל רבי מאיר לא אזל אמר דברי חלומות לא מעלין ולא מורידין כי אזל רבי נתן אמר ליה רשב"ג נהי דאהני לך קמרא דאבוך למהוי אב ב"ד שויניך נמי נשיא,מתני ליה רבי לרבן שמעון בריה אחרים אומרים אילו היה תמורה | 13b. b Rav Pappa said: They gnaw even on the handle of a hoe. /b ,§ b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : There are b five factors /b that b cause /b one to b forget /b his Torah b study: One who eats from that which a mouse eats and from that which a cat eats, and one who eats the heart of an animal, and one who is accustomed to /b eating b olives, and one who drinks water that remains from washing, and one who washes his feet /b with b this /b foot b atop that /b foot. b And some say: Also one who places his garments under his head. /b Correspondingly, there are b five factors /b that b restore /b forgotten Torah b study: /b Eating b bread baked on coals and all the more so /b one who warms himself with the heat of the b coals themselves, and one who eats a hard-boiled egg [ i beitza megulgelet /i ] without salt, and one who is accustomed to /b eating b olive oil, and one who is accustomed to /b drinking b wine and /b smelling b spices, and one who drinks water that remains from /b kneading b dough. And some say: Also one who dips his finger in salt and eats /b it.,The Gemara elaborates on the i baraita /i : b One who is accustomed to /b eating b olive oil /b restores forgotten Torah study. The Gemara notes: This b supports /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yoḥa, as Rabbi Yoḥa said: Just as /b eating b an olive causes /b one b to forget seventy years’ worth of /b Torah b study, olive oil restores seventy years’ worth of /b Torah b study. /b ,The i baraita /i continues: b And one who is accustomed to /b drinking b wine and /b smelling b spices /b restores forgotten Torah study. The Gemara notes: This b supports /b the opinion of b Rava, as Rava said: Wine and spices rendered me wise. /b ,The i baraita /i continues: b One who dips his finger in salt /b and eats it restores forgotten Torah study. b Reish Lakish says: And /b that is the case b with regard to one /b finger. The Gemara notes: This is b parallel to /b a dispute between b i tanna’im /i . Rabbi Yehuda says: One /b finger b but not two. Rabbi Yosei says: Two /b fingers b but not three. And your mnemonic /b for the fact that the dispute is between one and two fingers is b i kemitza /i , /b i.e., the ring finger. When one presses his ring finger to his palm, there remain two straight fingers on one side and one on the other., b Ten factors are detrimental for /b Torah b study: One who passes beneath the bit of the camel, and all the more so /b one who passes b beneath a camel itself; and one who passes between two camels; and one who passes between two women; and a woman who passes between two men; and one who passes beneath /b a place where there is the b foul odor of an animal carcass; and one who passes under a bridge beneath which water has not passed /b for b forty days; and one who eats bread that was not sufficiently baked; and one who eats meat from i zuhama listeron /i , /b a utensil consisting of a spoon and a fork, used to remove the film on the surface of soup; b and one who drinks from an aqueduct that passes through a cemetery; and one who gazes at the face of the dead. And some say: Also one who reads the writing that is on /b the stone of b a grave. /b ,§ b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : b When the i Nasi /i /b of the Sanhedrin b enters, all the people stand and they do not sit until he says to them: Sit. When the deputy i Nasi /i /b of the Sanhedrin b enters, /b the people b form for him one row from here, /b on this side of the path that he takes, b and one row from there, /b on the other side of it, in a display of deference, b until he sits in his place, /b and then they may be seated. b When the i Ḥakham /i , /b who is ranked third among the members of the Sanhedrin, b enters, one /b person b stands /b when he is within four cubits of the i Ḥakham /i , b and another sits, /b i.e., when one is no longer within four cubits of the i Ḥakham /i he may sit. And all those whom the Ḥakham passes do this, b until he sits in his place. When the multitudes require their /b services, i.e., they serve a public role, b sons of the Sages and Torah scholars may step over the heads of the people /b seated on the ground in order to reach their places in the Sanhedrin. If one of the Sages b left for /b the b purpose /b of relieving himself, when he is finished b he may enter and sit in his place /b in the Sanhedrin, and he need not be concerned that he is imposing upon those assembled., b When they have the wisdom to hear /b and to study, b the sons of Torah scholars, whose fathers are appointed as leaders of the congregation, enter and sit before their fathers, and their backs /b are directed b toward the people. When they do not have the wisdom to hear /b and to study b they enter and sit before their fathers, and their faces /b are directed b toward the people, /b so everyone sees that they are seated there in deference to their fathers but not as students. b Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Tzadok, says: Even at /b a wedding b party one renders them attachments [ i senifin /i ] /b and seats them adjacent to their fathers., b The Master said: /b If one of the Sages b left for /b the b purpose /b of relieving himself, when he is finished b he may enter and sit in his place. Rav Pappa said: /b The Sages b said /b this b only /b with regard to one who leaves b for minor /b bodily functions, i.e., to urinate. b But /b with regard to one who leaves b for major /b bodily functions, i.e., to defecate, b no, /b he may not return to his place, because b he should have examined himself initially /b so that he would not need to leave. His failure to do so constitutes negligence and he may not impose upon others when he returns, b as Rav Yehuda says /b that b Rav says: A person should always accustom himself to /b relieving himself b in the morning and in the evening so that he will not /b need to b distance himself /b during the daylight hours to find an appropriate place. b Rava said: Today, when the world is weak /b and people are not as healthy as they once were, one may b even /b return after he leaves b for major /b bodily functions., b Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Tzadok, says: Even at /b a wedding b party one renders them attachments. Rava said: /b This applies b during the lifetime of their fathers and in the presence of their fathers. /b ,§ b Rabbi Yoḥa says: This mishna, /b i.e., the preceding i baraita /i , b was taught during the days of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel /b was the b i Nasi /i , Rabbi Meir /b was the b i Ḥakham /i , /b and b Rabbi Natan /b was the b deputy i Nasi /i . When Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel was there, everyone would arise before him. When Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan would enter, everyone would arise before them. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: Shouldn’t there be a conspicuous distinction between me and them /b in terms of the manner in which deference is shown? Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel b instituted /b the provisions delineated in b this i baraita /i /b that distinguish between the i Nasi /i and his subordinates with regard to the deference shown them., b That day, /b when Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel instituted these provisions, b Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan were not there. The following day when they came /b to the study hall, b they saw that /b the people b did not stand before them as the matter was typically /b done. b They said: What is this? /b The people b said to them: This /b is what b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel instituted. /b , b Rabbi Meir said to Rabbi Natan: I am /b the b i Ḥakham /i and you are /b the b deputy i Nasi /i . Let us devise a matter /b and do to him b as he did to us. What shall we do to him? Let us say to him: Reveal /b to us tractate b i Okatzim /i , which he does not /b know. b And once /b it is clear to all b that he did not learn, /b he will not have anything to say. Then b we will say to him: “Who can express the mighty acts of the Lord, shall make all His praises heard?” /b (Psalms 106:2), indicating: b For whom is it becoming to express the mighty acts of the Lord? /b It is becoming for b one who is capable of making all His praises heard, /b and not for one who does not know one of the tractates. b We will remove him /b from his position as i Nasi /i , b and I will be deputy i Nasi /i and you /b will be b i Nasi /i . /b , b Rabbi Ya’akov ben Korshei heard them /b talking, and b said: Perhaps, Heaven forfend, /b this b matter /b will b come to /b a situation of b humiliation /b for Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel. He did not wish to speak criticism or gossip about Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan, so b he went /b and b sat behind the upper story /b where b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel /b lived. b He explained /b tractate i Okatzin /i ; b he studied /b it aloud b and repeated /b it, and b studied /b it aloud b and repeated /b it.,Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel b said /b to himself: b What /b is this b that /b is transpiring b before us? Perhaps, Heaven forfend, there is something /b transpiring in b the study hall. /b He suspected that Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan were planning something. b He concentrated and studied /b tractate i Okatzin /i . b The following /b day Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan b said to him: Let the Master come and teach /b a lesson b in /b tractate b i Okatzin /i . He began and stated /b the lesson he had prepared. b After he completed /b teaching the tractate, b he said to them: If I had not studied /b the tractate, b you /b would have b humiliated me. /b ,Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel b commanded /b those present b and they expelled /b Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan b from the study hall /b as punishment. Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan b would write difficulties on a scrap of paper [ i pitka /i ] and would throw /b them b there /b into the study hall. Those difficulties b that were resolved were resolved; /b as for those b that were not resolved, /b Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan b wrote resolutions /b on a scrap of paper b and threw /b them into the study hall. b Rabbi Yosei said to /b the Sages: How is it that the b Torah, /b embodied in the preeminent Torah scholars, b is outside and we are inside? /b , b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said to them: Let us admit them /b into the study hall. b But we will penalize them /b in b that we will not cite i halakha /i in their names. They cited /b statements b of Rabbi Meir /b in the name of b i Aḥerim /i , /b meaning: Others, b and /b they cited statements b of Rabbi Natan /b in the name of b i yesh omerim /i , /b meaning: Some say. Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Natan b were shown /b a message b in their dreams: Go, appease Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel. Rabbi Natan went. Rabbi Meir did not go. He said /b in his heart: b Matters of dreams are insignificant. When Rabbi Natan went, Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said to him: Although the /b ornate b belt, /b i.e., the importance, b of your father was effective /b in enabling you b to become deputy i Nasi /i , /b as Rabbi Natan’s father was the Babylonian Exilarch, b will it render you i Nasi /i as well? /b ,Years later, b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b taught Rabban Shimon his son /b that b i Aḥerim /i say: If it was /b considered b a substitute, /b |
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| 68. Cyril of Alexandria, Contra Iulianum, 10.335-10.343 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dreams (in greek and latin literature), josephus, jewish antiquities Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 110 |
| 69. Julian (Emperor), Against The Galileans, None (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dreams (in greek and latin literature), josephus, jewish antiquities Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 110 |
| 70. Jerome, Isaias, 7.14 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 345 |
71. Babylonian Talmud, Arakhin, None (6th cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 94| 13b. המבוקרים בלשכת הטלאים ארבעה ימים קודם שחיטה ומני בן בג בג היא דתניא בן בג בג אומר מנין לתמיד שטעון ביקור ארבעה ימים קודם שחיטה,ת"ל (במדבר כח, ב) תשמרו להקריב לי במועדו ולהלן הוא אומר (שמות יב, ו) והיה לכם למשמרת עד ארבעה עשר יום לחדש (הראשון) מה להלן טעון ביקור ארבעה ימים קודם שחיטה אף כאן טעון ביקור ארבעה ימים קודם שחיטה,דיקא נמי דקתני כדי לשבת ולא קתני לשבת שמע מינה:,משתי חצוצרות ומוסיפין וכו': ועד כמה אמר רב הונא ואמרי לה אמר רב זבדי אמר רב הונא עד מאה ועשרים שנאמר (דברי הימים ב ה, יב) ועמהם כהנים למאה ועשרים מחצרים בחצוצרות:,מתשעה כנורות וכו' וצלצל לבד: מנא הני מילי אמר רב אסי דאמר קרא (דברי הימים א טז, ה) ואסף במצלתים (להשמיע) מצלתים תרי הוו כיון דחדא עבידתא עבדי וחד גברא עביד בהו קרי להו חד:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big אין פוחתין משנים עשר לוים עומדין על הדוכן ומוסיפין עד עולם אין הקטן נכנס לעזרה לעבודה אלא בשעה שהלוים אומרים בשיר ולא היו אומרים בנבל ובכנור אלא בפה כדי ליתן תבל בנעימה,רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר אין עולין למנין ואין עולין לדוכן אלא בארץ היו עומדין וראשיהן בין רגלי הלוים וצערי הלוים היו נקראין:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big הני כנגד מי אמר רב פפא כנגד תשעה כנורות [ושני] נבלים וצלצל אחד שנאמר {דברי הימים א כה } הוא (ובניו ואחיו) שנים עשר:,אין הקטן נכנס לעזרה לעבודה אלא בשעה שהלוים כו': מנא הני מילי אמר רבי יוחנן דאמר קרא (עזרא ג, ט) ויעמוד ישוע בניו ואחיו קדמיאל ובניו בני יהודה כאחד לנצח על [עשה] המלאכה (ה' עבודת בית ה') [בבית האלהים] וגו':,לא היו אומרים לא בנבל ולא בכנור אלא בפה כו': למימרא דנבל לחוד וכנור לחוד לימא מתני' דלא כרבי יהודה דתניא רבי יהודה אומר כנור של מקדש של שבעת נימין היה שנאמר (תהלים טז, יא) שובע שמחות [את] פניך אל תיקרי שובע אלא שבע,ושל ימות המשיח שמונה שנאמר (תהלים יב, א) למנצח על השמינית על נימא שמינית,של עולם הבא עשר שנאמר (תהלים צב, ד) עלי עשור ועלי נבל עלי הגיון בכנור,ואומר (תהלים לג, ב) הודו לה' בכנור בנבל עשור זמרו לו שירו לו שיר חדש,אפילו תימא רבי יהודה לעולם הבא איידי דנפישי נימין דידיה נפיש קליה כי נבל קרי ליה נבל:,רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר אין עולין מן המנין כו': תנא וסועדי הלוים היו נקראין ותנא דידן כיון דהני קטין קלייהו והני עב קלייהו הני מקטטי והני לא מקטטי קרי להו צערי:, br br big strongהדרן עלך אין נערכין: /strong /big br br,מתני׳ big strongיש /strong /big בערכין להקל ולהחמיר ובשדה אחוזה להקל ולהחמיר ובשור המועד שהמית העבד להקל ולהחמיר באונס ובמפתה ובמוציא שם רע להקל ולהחמיר,יש בערכין להקל ולהחמיר כיצד אחד שהעריך את הנאה שבישראל ואת הכעור שבישראל נותן חמשים סלע ואם אמר הרי דמיו עלי נותן את שוויו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big יש בערכין להקל וכו' ולהחמיר כיצד אחד שהעריך כו': בישראל אין בעובד כוכבים לא,לימא מתני' דלא כר"מ דתנן עובד כוכבים ר"מ אומר נערך אבל לא מעריך,אפי' תימא ר"מ הוא הדין דאפילו עובד כוכבים נמי אלא | 13b. b that /b have been b inspected in the Chamber of the Lambs /b for b four days prior /b to the time of their b slaughter. /b The reserve of six lambs ensured that each lamb would be available for inspection for three days prior to the day of its sacrifice, for a total of four. b And whose /b opinion is this? b It is /b the opinion of b ben Bag Bag, as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b ben Bag Bag says: From where /b is it derived that b the daily offering requires examination four days prior to /b its b slaughter? /b , b The verse states /b with regard to the daily offering: “My food that is presented unto Me for offerings made by fire, of a pleasing aroma unto Me, b shall you safeguard to offer unto Me in its due season” /b (Numbers 28:2); b and it states there, /b with regard to the Paschal offering: “In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb… b and it shall be for you as a safeguard until the fourteenth day of /b this b month” /b (Exodus 12:3–6), i.e., b the first /b month. Since the word “safeguard” appears in both verses, it is derived that b just as /b in the verse b there, /b the Paschal offering b requires examination four days prior to /b its b slaughter, so too here, /b the daily offering b requires examination four days prior to /b its b slaughter. /b ,The Gemara notes: The language of the mishna b is also precise, /b according to the explanation that the mishna is referring to Shabbat and Rosh HaShana merely as a mnemonic device, b as it teaches /b that the six lambs are b sufficient for Shabbat /b and the two Festival days of Rosh HaShana, b and it does not teach /b that the six lambs are b for /b use on b Shabbat /b and the two days of Rosh HaShana. The Gemara concludes: b Learn from /b the language of the mishna that this explanation is correct.,§ The mishna teaches that one plays no fewer b than two trumpets, and one may add /b to that number. The Gemara asks: b Until how many /b trumpets may these additions be made? The Gemara answers that b Rav Huna says, and some say Rav Zavdi says /b that b Rav Huna says: /b They may play b up to 120 /b trumpets, b as it is stated: “And with them one hundred and twenty priests sounding with trumpets” /b (II Chronicles 5:12).,The mishna teaches that one plays no fewer b than nine harps /b and one may add up to an infinite number, b and the cymbal /b was played b alone /b and none may be added to it. The Gemara asks: b From where is this matter /b derived? b Rav Asi says that /b it is as b the verse states: “And Asaph with the cymbals, sounding aloud” /b (I Chronicles 16:5), which indicates that only one Levite played the cymbals. The Gemara asks: The word b cymbals /b is in the plural, indicating that b there were two; /b why, then, does the mishna say that there is only one cymbal? The Gemara answers: b Since /b two cymbals b perform one act and one person plays them /b by banging them together, the mishna b calls them one /b instrument., strong MISHNA: /strong In the Temple, there are b no fewer than twelve Levites standing on the platform /b adjacent to the altar and singing, b and one may add /b Levites on the platform b up to an infinite /b number. b A minor /b Levite may b enter the Temple courtyard for service only at a time when the Levites are engaging in song, /b so that he may accompany them. b And /b minors b would not engage in /b playing b a lyre and in /b playing b a harp; rather, /b they would engage b in /b singing with b the mouth, in order to provide flavor to the music /b with their pure, high voices., b Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: /b Minors b are not tallied in the /b minimum b total /b of twelve Levites, b and they do not ascend to the platform; rather, they would stand on the ground and their heads /b would reach to b between the legs of the Levites, and they were called cadets [ i tzoarei /i ] of the Levites. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna states that a minimum of twelve Levites would stand on the platform and sing. The Gemara asks: b To what /b does b this /b number b correspond? Rav Pappa says: /b It b corresponds to /b the minimum number of instruments that were played: b Nine harps and two lyres and one cymbal. /b This number is also alluded to in the Bible, b as it is stated: /b “Instructed in singing unto the Lord… b he and his brethren and sons were twelve” /b (I Chronicles 25:7–9).,§ The mishna teaches: b A minor /b Levite may b enter the Temple courtyard for service only at a time when the Levites /b are engaging in song. The Gemara asks: b From where is this matter /b derived? b Rabbi Yoḥa says: As the verse states: “Then stood Jeshua with his sons and his brethren, and Kadmiel and his sons, the sons of Judah, together, to make music for the workmen in the House of God” /b (Ezra 3:9). This verse shows that in making music it is preferable to have one’s sons, i.e., minors, as accompaniment.,The mishna teaches: The minors b would not engage in /b playing b a lyre and in /b playing b a harp; rather, in /b singing with b the mouth /b in order to provide flavor to the music with their pure, high voices. The Gemara notes: b That is to say that a lyre and a harp are /b two b distinct /b instruments. b Let us say that the mishna is not in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda, as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yehuda says: The harp /b used b in the Temple was /b an instrument b of seven strings, as it is stated: “In your presence is fullness [ i sova /i ] of joy, /b in your right hand sweetness for evermore” (Psalms 16:11). b Do not read /b the word as “ b fullness [ i sova /i ]” but /b as b seven [ i sheva /i ]. /b This indicates that the “sweet harp” (see Psalms 81:3) played in the presence of God, i.e., in the Temple, has seven strings.,Rabbi Yehuda continues: b And /b the harp that will be played b in the days of the Messiah /b will have b eight /b strings, b as it is stated: “For the Leader, on the eighth: /b A Psalm of David” (Psalms 12:1). This indicates that the psalms that will be recited in the time of the Messiah, son of David, will be played b on the eighth string /b that will be added to the harp.,And the harp that will be played b in the World-to-Come /b will have b ten /b strings, b as it is stated: /b “A Psalm, a song. For the Shabbat… b With an instrument of ten strings and with the lyre, with a solemn sound upon the harp” /b (Psalms 92:1–4). This indicates that in the World-to-Come, which is comparable to Shabbat, songs of praise to God will be played on a ten-stringed instrument, identified here as both a lyre and a harp., b And /b similarly, another verse b states: “Give thanks unto the Lord with the harp; sing praises unto Him with the lyre of ten strings. Sing unto Him a new song” /b (Psalms 33:2–3), which is referring to the new song that will be sung only in the World-to-Come. This proof in support of Rabbi Yehuda’s claim that the harp used in the World-to-Come will have ten strings is from a verse that is referring to a ten-stringed lyre, which shows that according to Rabbi Yehuda, the lyre and harp are the same instrument. Therefore, his opinion apparently contradicts the mishna.,The Gemara answers: b You /b may b even say /b the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda, /b as even he agrees that the harp and lyre are essentially two different instruments. But b in the World-to-Come, since the strings /b of the harp b will be increased, its sound will be increased like /b that of b the lyre, /b and therefore b he calls /b the harp b a lyre. /b ,The mishna teaches that b Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: /b The minors b are not tallied in the /b minimum b total /b of twelve Levites…and they were called cadets [ i tzoarei /i ] of the Levites. The Sages b taught /b in a i baraita /i : b And they were called the helpers [ i soadei /i ] of the Levites. /b The Gemara asks: b And the i tanna /i of our /b mishna, why is he referring to them as i tzoarei /i ? The Gemara answers: b Since these /b minors had b high voices and those /b adults had b deep voices, /b and b these /b minors would b sing in a high voice [ i mekateti /i ], and those /b adults could b not sing in /b such b a high voice, they were called i tzoarei /i , /b as they caused the adult Levites anguish [ i tza’ar /i ] due to the fact that they could not produce the same pleasant sounds as the minors.,, strong MISHNA: /strong b There are /b i halakhot /i b with regard to valuations that are lenient and /b others b that are stringent; and /b there are i halakhot /i b with regard to an ancestral field that are lenient and /b others b that are stringent; and /b there are i halakhot /i b with regard to a forewarned ox that killed /b a Canaanite b slave that are lenient and /b others b that are stringent; /b and there are i halakhot /i b with regard to a rapist, and a seducer, and a defamer that are lenient and /b others b that are stringent. /b , b There are /b i halakhot /i b with regard to valuations that are lenient and /b others b that are stringent; how so? Both /b in the case of one b who took /b a vow of b valuation /b to donate the fixed value b of the /b most b attractive among the Jewish people and /b in the case of one who took a vow of valuation to donate the fixed value of b the /b most b unsightly among the Jewish people, he gives /b the fixed payment of b fifty i sela /i , /b shekels, to the Temple treasury (see Leviticus 27:3). b And if /b one b said: It /b is incumbent b upon me /b to donate the b assessment /b of another to the Temple treasury, b he gives the price /b for that person if sold as a slave, a sum that can be more or less than fifty shekels., strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna states: b There are /b i halakhot /i b with regard to valuations that are lenient and /b others b that are stringent; how so? Both /b in the case of one b who took /b a vow of b valuation /b to donate the fixed value of the most attractive among the Jewish people b and /b in the case of one who took a vow of valuation to donate the fixed value of the most unsightly among the Jewish people, he gives the fixed payment of fifty i sela /i to the Temple treasury. The Gemara infers from this that if the vow of valuation referred b to a Jew, yes, /b he pays the fixed value; but if one took a vow of valuation to donate the fixed value b of gentiles, /b he does b not /b pay the fixed value.,The Gemara asks: If so, b let us say that the mishna is not in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Meir, as we learned /b in a mishna (5b): With regard to b a gentile, Rabbi Meir says: He is valuated /b in a case where a Jew says: It is incumbent upon me to donate the fixed value of this gentile; b but /b a gentile b does not take /b a vow of b valuation /b to donate his fixed value or the value of others.,The Gemara answers: b You /b can b even say /b that the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Meir, /b as it can be claimed that b the same is true, /b i.e. b that even /b if one took a vow of valuation to donate the fixed value of b a gentile, /b he b also /b pays the fixed amount. b But /b |
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| 73. Papyri, P.Tebt., 1108-1115 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 343 |
| 76. Pseudo-Eupolemus, Ap. Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica, 9.17.6-9.17.7 Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 351, 352 |
| 77. Anon., Soferim, 1.7 Tagged with subjects: •josephus, divergences from bible much greater in jewish war than in antiquities Found in books: Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 345 |
| 78. Anon., Acta Alexandrinorum (Musurillo), 147 Tagged with subjects: •agrippa i (jewish king), evaluation of in antiquities Found in books: Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 153 |
79. Anon., Letter of Aristeas, 309, 308 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 195 | 308. When the work was completed, Demetrius collected together the Jewish population in the place where the translation had been made, and read it over to all, in the presence of the translators, who met with a great reception also from the people, because of the great benefits which they had |
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| 80. Epigraphy, Jigre, 129, 38, 84, 39 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 195 |
| 81. Papyri, Cpj, 145, 132 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 195, 200, 205 |
82. Anon., Esther Rabbah, 3.13 Tagged with subjects: •jewish antiquities Found in books: Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 151| 3.13. לְהָבִיא אֶת וַשְׁתִּי הַמַּלְכָּה לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּכֶתֶר מַלְכוּת (אסתר א, יא), אָמַר רַבִּי אַיְּבוּ כַּפָּרָתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּשֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל אוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין וּשְׂמֵחִין, הֵן מְבָרְכִין וּמְשַׁבְּחִין וּמְקַלְּסִין לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וּכְשֶׁאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם אוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין, מִתְעַסְּקִין הֵן בְּדִבְרֵי תִּפְלוּת, זֶה אוֹמֵר מָדִיּוֹת נָאוֹת, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר פַּרְסִיּוֹת נָאוֹת. אָמַר לָהֶם אוֹתוֹ טִפֵּשׁ, כְּלִי שֶׁאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ אֵינוֹ לֹא מָדִית וְלֹא פַּרְסִית אֶלָּא כַּשְׂדִּית, מְבַקְּשִׁים אַתֶּם לִרְאוֹתוֹ, אָמְרוּ לוֹ הֵן וּבִלְבָד שֶׁתְּהֵא עֲרֻמָּה, אָמַר לְהוֹן הֵן וַעֲרֻמָּה. רַבִּי פִּנְחָס וְרַבִּי חָמָא בַּר גּוּרְיָא בְּשֵׁם רַב אָמַר בִּקְּשָׁה לִכָּנֵס אֲפִלּוּ בְּצִלְצוּל כְּזוֹנָה וְלֹא הִנִּיחוּ אוֹתָהּ, אֲמַר לוֹן וַעֲרֻמָּה, אָמְרָה אֶכָּנֵס בְּלֹא כֶתֶר הֵן אוֹמְרִים שִׁפְחָה הִיא זוֹ, תִּלְבַּשׁ בִּגְדֵי מַלְכוּת וְתִכָּנֵס, אָמַר רַב הוּנָא אֵין הֶדְיוֹט מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּבִגְדֵי מַלְכוּת. | |
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| 83. Papyri, Young, Coptic Manuscripts, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan |
| 84. Epigraphy, Ik Estremo Oriente, 261 Tagged with subjects: •dreams (in greek and latin literature), josephus, jewish antiquities Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 111 |
86. Strabo, Geography, 11.7.1, 16.2.34 Tagged with subjects: •dreams (in greek and latin literature), josephus, jewish antiquities •conversion, conversion/adherence in josephus, in jewish antiquities Found in books: Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 201; Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 110 | 11.7.1. Those nomads, however, who live along the coast on the left as one sails into the Caspian Sea are by the writers of today called Daae, I mean, those who are surnamed Aparni; then, in front of them, intervenes a desert country; and next comes Hyrcania, where the Caspian resembles an open sea to the point where it borders on the Median and Armenian mountains. The shape of these mountains is crescent-like along the foothills, which end at the sea and form the recess of the gulf. This side of the mountains, beginning at the sea, is inhabited as far as their heights for a short stretch by a part of the Albanians and the Armenians, but for the most part by Gelae, Cadusii, Amardi, Vitii, and Anariacae. They say that some of the Parrhasii took up their abode with the Anariacae, who, they say, are now called Parsii; and that the Aenianes built a walled city in the Vitian territory, which, they say, is called Aeniana; and that Greek armour, brazen vessels, and burial places are to be seen there; and that there is also a city Anariace there, in which, they say, is to be seen an oracle for sleepers, and some other tribes that are more inclined to brigandage and war than to farming; but this is due to the ruggedness of the region. However, the greater part of the seaboard round the mountainous country is occupied by Cadusii, for a stretch of almost five thousand stadia, according to Patrocles, who considers this sea almost equal to the Pontic Sea. Now these regions have poor soil. 16.2.34. The western extremities of Judaea towards Casius are occupied by Idumaeans, and by the lake [Sirbonis]. The Idumaeans are Nabataeans. When driven from their country by sedition, they passed over to the Jews, and adopted their customs. The greater part of the country along the coast to Jerusalem is occupied by the Lake Sirbonis, and by the tract contiguous to it; for Jerusalem is near the sea, which, as we have said, may be seen from the arsenal of Joppa. These districts (of Jerusalem and Joppa) lie towards the north; they are inhabited generally, and each place in particular, by mixed tribes of Egyptians, Arabians, and Phoenicians. of this description are the inhabitants of Galilee, of the plain of Jericho, and of the territories of Philadelphia and Samaria, surnamed Sebaste by Herod; but although there is such a mixture of inhabitants, the report most credited, [one] among many things believed respecting the temple [and the inhabitants] of Jerusalem, is, that the Egyptians were the ancestors of the present Jews. |
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