The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

graph

All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
hygieia	Clark (2007) 35, 158 Ekroth (2013) 323 Huttner (2013) 49 Mikalson (2016) 4, 5, 6, 49, 51, 52, 57, 58, 61, 63, 69, 72, 86, 87, 88, 89, 98, 100, 101, 114, 115, 135, 140, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 197, 204, 207, 217, 242, 243, 269, 270, 273, 274 Naiden (2013) 212 Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 123 Trapp et al (2016) 57, 61, 91, 92, 95, 107, 135
hygieia, amphiaraos, and	Renberg (2017) 183, 272, 273, 292, 312
hygieia, and amphiaraos	Renberg (2017) 183, 272, 273, 292, 312
hygieia, and asklepios	Renberg (2017) 35, 117, 118, 158, 183, 188, 212, 213, 345, 346, 538, 677, 682, 688
hygieia, and asklepioss family members	Renberg (2017) 118
hygieia, and egyptian gods	Renberg (2017) 345
hygieia, and healing, asclepius and	Jim (2022) 7, 106
hygieia, and hypnos	Renberg (2017) 682, 683
hygieia, and hypnos, athens asklepieion, dedication to asklepios	Renberg (2017) 682
hygieia, and imhotep	Renberg (2017) 425, 454, 457, 460, 461, 473, 475, 606
hygieia, and isis isis-hygieia, , as	Renberg (2017) 344, 350, 367
hygieia, and nemesis	Griffiths (1975) 153, 202
hygieia, and telesphoros	Renberg (2017) 684
hygieia, and, asclepius	Lupu(2005) 13, 56, 57, 70, 71
hygieia, aristophaness plutus incubation scene, absence of	Renberg (2017) 224
hygieia, as soteres, asclepius and	Jim (2022) 13, 164
hygieia, asklepios, father of	Renberg (2017) 117, 118
hygieia, association with ipet-nut, ?	Renberg (2017) 454
hygieia, at aegae asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 209
hygieia, at akragas, ?	Renberg (2017) 158
hygieia, at antioch	Renberg (2017) 696
hygieia, at athens asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 682
hygieia, at beroia asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 212
hygieia, at ephesos asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 35, 212, 213
hygieia, at ephesos gymnasium	Renberg (2017) 682, 687
hygieia, at epidauros asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 344
hygieia, at hammat gader	Renberg (2017) 812
hygieia, at iuvavum	Renberg (2017) 346
hygieia, at kos asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 204
hygieia, at peiraeus asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 188
hygieia, at pergamon asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 138, 145, 218
hygieia, at philippopolis	Renberg (2017) 680
hygieia, at ptolemaïs	Renberg (2017) 426
hygieia, at rome	Renberg (2017) 688
hygieia, athena	Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 72, 73, 80 Mikalson (2016) 73, 210 Simon (2021) 379 Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 337, 369
hygieia, athena, athena	Trapp et al (2016) 71, 82
hygieia, athena, titles of	Parker (2005) 265, 413
hygieia, collegium asclepius and of	Gabrielsen and Paganini (2021) 200, 203, 208, 217
hygieia, cultic worship of the concept	Jim (2022) 163
hygieia, deir el-bahari, sanctuary of amenhotep and imhotep, presence of	Renberg (2017) 425, 454, 457, 460, 461, 473, 475, 606
hygieia, health	Wilding (2022) 66, 93, 210
hygieia, health, oaths invoking	Sommerstein and Torrance (2014) 77, 374, 375
hygieia, hypnos statues in gymnasium, ephesos, asklepios	Renberg (2017) 682, 687
hygieia, hypnos/somnus, and	Renberg (2017) 682, 683
hygieia, joint cult, thorikos, claim of amphiaraos and	Renberg (2017) 272
hygieia, libanius, and	Renberg (2017) 224, 699, 702, 703, 708
hygieia, on metapontine coins	Jim (2022) 251
hygieia, peiraeus asklepieion	Renberg (2017) 188
hygieia, soteira, and asclepius, genealogical and/or cultic links with	Jim (2022) 136
hygieia, soteira, benefits not specified	Jim (2022) 20
hygieia, soteira, in epidaurus	Jim (2022) 104, 105, 162
hygieia, soteria, relation to	Jim (2022) 75, 84, 87, 106
hygieia, statues, of	Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019) 72, 73
hygieia, stratonikeia, with	Williamson (2021) 295, 324
hygieia, sōteira	Renberg (2017) 145
hygieia, sōteira, in dedication of aelius aristides, ?	Renberg (2017) 685
hygieia, sōteira, in incubation reliefs	Renberg (2017) 219, 224, 225, 636, 639, 643, 644, 647, 648
hygieia, sōteira, in magical amulets with asklepios and sarapis	Renberg (2017) 347
hygieia, sōteira, on oropos amphiareion main altar	Renberg (2017) 281
hygieia, sōteira, replaced by salus in latin dedication	Renberg (2017) 345
hygieias, association with site, hammat gader	Renberg (2017) 812
hygieias, cult, asklepios of aegae in epidauros dedication	Renberg (2017) 209

List of validated texts:

11 validated results for "hygieia"

1. Homer, Iliad, 2.732 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Hygieia

Found in books: Beck (2021) 308; Edmunds (2021) 77; Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 123

2.732. ἰητῆρʼ ἀγαθὼ Ποδαλείριος ἠδὲ Μαχάων·''. None

2.732. and Oechalia, city of Oechalian Eurytus, these again were led by the two sons of Asclepius, the skilled leeches Podaleirius and Machaon. And with these were ranged thirty hollow ships. ''. None

2. None, None, nan (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Athena, titles of Hygieia • Hygieia (Health),oaths invoking

Found in books: Parker (2005) 413; Sommerstein and Torrance (2014) 374

3. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Athena Hygieia • Niceratus, his Hygeia

Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 268; Simon (2021) 379

4. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.34.3-1.34.5, 2.10.2, 2.11.7, 2.27.6 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Amphiaraos, and Hygieia • Delos Sarapieia, dedication to Isis-Hygieia • Ephesos, Asklepios, Hygieia, Hypnos statues in gymnasium • Health, Hygieia • Hygieia • Hygieia Soteira, in Epidaurus • Hygieia Sōteira, on Oropos Amphiareion main altar • Hygieia, and Amphiaraos • Hygieia, and Isis (as Isis-Hygieia) • Hygieia, and Telesphoros • Hygieia, at Ephesos gymnasium • Hygieia, at Epidauros Asklepieion • Hygieia, at Philippopolis • Isis, Isis-Hygieia • Isis-Hygieia

Found in books: Hitch (2017) 69; Jim (2022) 104; Renberg (2017) 281, 312, 344, 367, 680, 684, 687; Trapp et al (2016) 57, 107; Wilding (2022) 66, 93

1.34.3. παρέχεται δὲ ὁ βωμὸς μέρη· τὸ μὲν Ἡρακλέους καὶ Διὸς καὶ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Παιῶνος, τὸ δὲ ἥρωσι καὶ ἡρώων ἀνεῖται γυναιξί, τρίτον δὲ Ἑστίας καὶ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀμφιαράου καὶ τῶν παίδων Ἀμφιλόχου· Ἀλκμαίων δὲ διὰ τὸ ἐς Ἐριφύλην ἔργον οὔτε ἐν Ἀμφιαράου τινά, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ παρὰ τῷ Ἀμφιλόχῳ τιμὴν ἔχει. τετάρτη δέ ἐστι τοῦ βωμοῦ μοῖρα Ἀφροδίτης καὶ Πανακείας, ἔτι δὲ Ἰασοῦς καὶ Ὑγείας καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς Παιωνίας· πέμπτη δὲ πεποίηται νύμφαις καὶ Πανὶ καὶ ποταμοῖς Ἀχελῴῳ καὶ Κηφισῷ. τῷ δὲ Ἀμφιλόχῳ καὶ παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ πόλει βωμὸς καὶ Κιλικίας ἐν Μαλλῷ μαντεῖον ἀψευδέστατον τῶν ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ. 1.34.4. ἔστι δὲ Ὠρωπίοις πηγὴ πλησίον τοῦ ναοῦ, ἣν Ἀμφιαράου καλοῦσιν, οὔτε θύοντες οὐδὲν ἐς αὐτὴν οὔτʼ ἐπὶ καθαρσίοις ἢ χέρνιβι χρῆσθαι νομίζοντες· νόσου δὲ ἀκεσθείσης ἀνδρὶ μαντεύματος γενομένου καθέστηκεν ἄργυρον ἀφεῖναι καὶ χρυσὸν ἐπίσημον ἐς τὴν πηγήν, ταύτῃ γὰρ ἀνελθεῖν τὸν Ἀμφιάραον λέγουσιν ἤδη θεόν. Ἰοφῶν δὲ Κνώσσιος τῶν ἐξηγητῶν χρησμοὺς ἐν ἑξαμέτρῳ παρείχετο, Ἀμφιάραον χρῆσαι φάμενος τοῖς ἐς Θήβας σταλεῖσιν Ἀργείων. ταῦτα τὰ ἔπη τὸ ἐς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπαγωγὸν ἀκρατῶς εἶχε· χωρὶς δὲ πλὴν ὅσους ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος μανῆναι λέγουσι τὸ ἀρχαῖον, μάντεών γʼ οὐδεὶς χρησμολόγος ἦν, ἀγαθοὶ δὲ ὀνείρατα ἐξηγήσασθαι καὶ διαγνῶναι πτήσεις ὀρνίθων καὶ σπλάγχνα ἱερείων. 1.34.5. δοκῶ δὲ Ἀμφιάραον ὀνειράτων διακρίσει μάλιστα προ ς κεῖσθαι· δῆλος δέ, ἡνίκα ἐνομίσθη θεός, διʼ ὀνειράτων μαντικὴν καταστησάμενος. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν καθήρασθαι νομίζουσιν ὅστις ἦλθεν Ἀμφιαράῳ χρησόμενος· ἔστι δὲ καθάρσιον τῷ θεῷ θύειν, θύουσι δὲ καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ πᾶσιν ὅσοις ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ τὰ ὀνόματα· προεξειργασμένων δὲ τούτων κριὸν θύσαντες καὶ τὸ δέρμα ὑποστρωσάμενοι καθεύδουσιν ἀναμένοντες δήλωσιν ὀνείρατος.
2.10.2. ἐντεῦθέν ἐστιν ὁδὸς ἐς ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ. παρελθοῦσι δὲ ἐς τὸν περίβολον ἐν ἀριστερᾷ διπλοῦν ἐστιν οἴκημα· κεῖται δὲ Ὕπνος ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ, καί οἱ πλὴν τῆς κεφαλῆς ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἔτι λείπεται. τὸ ἐνδοτέρω δὲ Ἀπόλλωνι ἀνεῖται Καρνείῳ, καὶ ἐς αὐτὸ οὐκ ἔστι πλὴν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἔσοδος. κεῖται δὲ ἐν τῇ στοᾷ κήτους ὀστοῦν θαλασσίου μεγέθει μέγα καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸ ἄγαλμα Ὀνείρου καὶ Ὕπνος κατακοιμίζων λέοντα, Ἐπιδώτης δὲ ἐπίκλησιν. ἐς δὲ τὸ Ἀσκληπιεῖον ἐσιοῦσι καθʼ ἕτερον τῆς ἐσόδου τῇ μὲν Πανὸς καθήμενον ἄγαλμά ἐστι, τῇ δὲ Ἄρτεμις ἕστηκεν.
2.11.7. τῷ δὲ Ἀλεξάνορι καὶ Εὐαμερίωνι—καὶ γὰρ τούτοις ἀγάλματά ἐστι—τῷ μὲν ὡς ἥρωι μετὰ ἥλιον δύναντα ἐναγίζουσιν, Εὐαμερίωνι δὲ ὡς θεῷ θύουσιν. εἰ δὲ ὀρθῶς εἰκάζω, τὸν Εὐαμερίωνα τοῦτον Περγαμηνοὶ Τελεσφόρον ἐκ μαντεύματος, Ἐπιδαύριοι δὲ Ἄκεσιν ὀνομάζουσι. τῆς δὲ Κορωνίδος ἔστι μὲν καὶ ταύτης ξόανον, καθίδρυται δὲ οὐδαμοῦ τοῦ ναοῦ· θυομένων δὲ τῷ θεῷ ταύρου καὶ ἀρνὸς καὶ ὑὸς ἐς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν τὴν Κορωνίδα μετενεγκόντες ἐνταῦθα τιμῶσιν. ὁπόσα δὲ τῶν θυομένων καθαγίζουσιν, οὐδὲ ἀποχρᾷ σφισιν ἐκτέμνειν τοὺς μηρούς· χαμαὶ δὲ καίουσι πλὴν τοὺς ὄρνιθας, τούτους δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ.
2.27.6. ὁπόσα δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος ἀνὴρ τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐποίησεν, ἔστι μὲν Ἀσκληπιοῦ λουτρόν, ἔστι δὲ ἱερὸν θεῶν οὓς Ἐπιδώτας ὀνομάζουσιν· ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ Ὑγείᾳ ναὸν καὶ Ἀσκληπιῷ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνι ἐπίκλησιν Αἰγυπτίοις. καὶ ἦν γὰρ στοὰ καλουμένη Κότυος, καταρρυέντος δέ οἱ τοῦ ὀρόφου διέφθαρτο ἤδη πᾶσα ἅτε ὠμῆς τῆς πλίνθου ποιηθεῖσα· ἀνῳκοδόμησε καὶ ταύτην. Ἐπιδαυρίων δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν μάλιστα ἐταλαιπώρουν, ὅτι μήτε αἱ γυναῖκες ἐν σκέπῃ σφίσιν ἔτικτον καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ τοῖς κάμνουσιν ὑπαίθριος ἐγίνετο· ὁ δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἐπανορθούμενος κατεσκευάσατο οἴκησιν· ἐνταῦθα ἤδη καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ τεκεῖν γυναικὶ ὅσιον.''. None

1.34.3. The altar shows parts. One part is to Heracles, Zeus, and Apollo Healer, another is given up to heroes and to wives of heroes, the third is to Hestia and Hermes and Amphiaraus and the children of Amphilochus. But Alcmaeon, because of his treatment of Eriphyle, is honored neither in the temple of Amphiaraus nor yet with Amphilochus. The fourth portion of the altar is to Aphrodite and Panacea, and further to Iaso, Health and Athena Healer. The fifth is dedicated to the nymphs and to Pan, and to the rivers Achelous and Cephisus. The Athenians too have an altar to Amphilochus in the city, and there is at Mallus in Cilicia an oracle of his which is the most trustworthy of my day. 1.34.4. The Oropians have near the temple a spring, which they call the Spring of Amphiaraus; they neither sacrifice into it nor are wont to use it for purifications or for lustral water. But when a man has been cured of a disease through a response the custom is to throw silver and coined gold into the spring, for by this way they say that Amphiaraus rose up after he had become a god. Iophon the Cnossian, a guide, produced responses in hexameter verse, saying that Amphiaraus gave them to the Argives who were sent against Thebes . These verses unrestrainedly appealed to popular taste. Except those whom they say Apollo inspired of old none of the seers uttered oracles, but they were good at explaining dreams and interpreting the flights of birds and the entrails of victims. 1.34.5. My opinion is that Amphiaraus devoted him self most to the exposition of dreams. It is manifest that, when his divinity was established, it was a dream oracle that he set up. One who has come to consult Amphiaraus is wont first to purify himself. The mode of purification is to sacrifice to the god, and they sacrifice not only to him but also to all those whose names are on the altar. And when all these things have been first done, they sacrifice a ram, and, spreading the skin under them, go to sleep and await enlightenment in a dream.
2.10.2. From here is a way to a sanctuary of Asclepius. On passing into the enclosure you see on the left a building with two rooms. In the outer room lies a figure of Sleep, of which nothing remains now except the head. The inner room is given over to the Carnean Apollo; into it none may enter except the priests. In the portico lies a huge bone of a sea-monster, and after it an image of the Dream-god and Sleep, surnamed Epidotes (Bountiful), lulling to sleep a lion. Within the sanctuary on either side of the entrance is an image, on the one hand Pan seated, on the other Artemis standing.
2.11.7. There are images also of Alexanor and of Euamerion; to the former they give offerings as to a hero after the setting of the sun; to Euamerion, as being a god, they give burnt sacrifices. If I conjecture aright, the Pergamenes, in accordance with an oracle, call this Euamerion Telesphorus (Accomplisher) while the Epidaurians call him Acesis (Cure). There is also a wooden image of Coronis, but it has no fixed position anywhere in the temple. While to the god are being sacrificed a bull, a lamb, and a pig, they remove Coronis to the sanctuary of Athena and honor her there. The parts of the victims which they offer as a burnt sacrifice, and they are not content with cutting out the thighs, they burn on the ground, except the birds, which they burn on the altar.
2.27.6. A Roman senator, Antoninus, made in our own day a bath of Asclepius and a sanctuary of the gods they call Bountiful. 138 or 161 A.D. He made also a temple to Health, Asclepius, and Apollo, the last two surnamed Egyptian. He moreover restored the portico that was named the Portico of Cotys, which, as the brick of which it was made had been unburnt, had fallen into utter ruin after it had lost its roof. As the Epidaurians about the sanctuary were in great distress, because their women had no shelter in which to be delivered and the sick breathed their last in the open, he provided a dwelling, so that these grievances also were redressed. Here at last was a place in which without sin a human being could die and a woman be delivered.''. None

5. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aristophaness Plutus incubation scene, absence of Hygieia • Athena, Athena Hygieia • Hygieia Sōteira, in incubation reliefs • Libanius, and Hygieia

Found in books: Renberg (2017) 224; Trapp et al (2016) 82

6. Demosthenes, Orations, 21.52
Tagged with subjects: • Athena, titles of Hygieia • hygieia

Found in books: Mikalson (2016) 269, 270, 273, 274; Parker (2005) 413

21.52. Please take and read the actual oracles. The Oracles You I address, Pandion’s townsmen and sons of Erechtheus, who appoint your feasts by the ancient rites of your fathers. See you forget not Bacchus, and joining all in the dances Down your broad-spaced streets, in thanks ἱστάναι χάριν, if the Greek is sound, seems to be a portmanteau phrase to set up a dance in gratitude. The oracle quoted may perfectly well be genuine. for the gifts of the season, Crown each head with a wreath, while incense reeks on the altars. For health sacrifice and pray to Zeus Most High, to Heracles, and to Apollo the Protector; for good fortune to Apollo, god of the streets, to Leto, and to Artemis; and along the streets set wine-bowls and dances, and wear garlands after the manner of your fathers in honor of all gods and all goddesses of Olympus, raising right hands and left in supplication, Translating λιτάς, Weil ’s suggestion. and remember your gifts. ''. None

7. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 4962
Tagged with subjects: • Hygieia, and Asklepios • Hygieia, at Peiraeus Asklepieion • Peiraeus Asklepieion, Hygieia • hygieia

Found in books: Mikalson (2016) 52; Renberg (2017) 188

4962. Face A (front) Gods. Make preliminary (prothuesthai) sacrifices according to this: for Maleatas, three round cakes (popana); for Apollo, three round (5) cakes; for Hermes, three round cakes; for Iaso, three round cakes; for Akeso, three round cakes; for Panakeia, three round cakes; for the Dogs, three round cakes; (10) for the Hunters with Dogs, three round cakes. Euthydemos of Eleusis, priest of Asklepios, erected the stelai (15) by the altars, on which (stelai) he first depicted the round cakes that are required to be preliminarily sacrificed. Face B (left) For Helios, (20) a propitiatory cake, a honeycomb. For Mnemosyne, a propitiatory cake, (25) a honey- comb. Three wineless altars. Face C (TOP) (30) Three wineless altars. Face D (back) Wineless. text from Attic Inscriptions Online, IG II²
4962 - Sacrificial regulation for the cult of Asklepios and associated deities at Piraeus ''. None

8. Epigraphy, Seg, 33.147
Tagged with subjects: • Asclepius and Hygieia, as Soteres • Hygeia

Found in books: Humphreys (2018) 991; Jim (2022) 164

33.147. Face A (front) . . . Hekatombaion: . . . and for the . . . to provide lunch (aristom) . . . a drachma each (5) . . . the Proerosia offering (?) (tēn prēro-), . . . the Delphinion, a goat . . . for Hekate . . . _ . . . a full-grown victim (teleom), to be sold (praton). (10) Metageitnion: for Zeus Kataibates in the sacred enclosure (sēkōi) by the Delphini?on, a full-grown victim (teleon), to be sold (praton). _ An oath victim (horkōmosion) is to be provided for the audits (euthunas). Boedromion: the Proerosia; for Zeus Polieus, a select (kriton) sheep, a select piglet; at Automenai (?) (ep&'. None

9. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Hygieia • Kallistrate, Asklepios,Hygieia, Epione, Apollo of Delos, Leto, and King Eumenes on Kos

Found in books: Connelly (2007) 140; Horster and Klöckner (2014) 129

10. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Asclepius, Hygieia and • Hygieia

Found in books: Ekroth (2013) 323; Lupu(2005) 13, 56, 57

11. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Asclepius and Hygieia, as Soteres • Health, Hygieia • Hygieia • Stratonikeia, with Hygieia

Found in books: Horster and Klöckner (2014) 230; Jim (2022) 13; Wilding (2022) 210; Williamson (2021) 324

Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database