| 1. Polybius, Histories, 6.37.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 282, 283 |
| 2. Cicero, Pro Milone, 4.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 281 |
| 3. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, a b c d\n0 8.12; 8.14 8.12; 8.14 8 12; 8 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 279 |
| 4. Ovid, Amores, 3.8 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 287 |
5. Livy, History, 7.2.12, 21.3.4, 39.15.13-39.15.14 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 281, 290| 7.2.12. quod genus ludorum ab Oscis acceptum tenuit iuventus nec ab histrionibus pollui passa est: eo institutum manet, ut actores Atellanarum nec tribu moveantur et stipendia, tamquam expertes artis ludicrae, faciant. | 7.2.12. ’ 5These farces were of Oscan origin, and were kept by the young men in their own hands; they would not allow them to be polluted by the regular actors. Hence it is a standing rule that those who take part in the Atellanae are not deprived of their civic standing, and serve in the army as being in no way connected with the regular acting.[13] Amongst the things which have arisen from small beginnings, the origin of the stage ought to be put foremost, seeing that what was at first healthy and innocent has grown into a mad extravagance that even wealthy kingdoms can hardly support. |
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| 6. Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, 3.11.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 281 |
7. Martial, Epigrams, 1.24, 2.36, 6.56, 9.27, 9.47, 12.42 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 294 | 9.27. TO CHRESTUS: [Not translated] |
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8. Martial, Epigrams, 1.24, 2.36, 6.56, 9.27, 9.47, 12.42 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 294 | 9.27. TO CHRESTUS: [Not translated] |
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| 9. Juvenal, Satires, 2.1-2.11, 2.43 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 279, 294 |
10. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 6.1.10-6.1.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 280, 281, 284 | 6.1.10. And what wonder if all the conscript fathers made this decree? C. Pescennius, triumvir for capital punishments, publicly imprisoned C. Cornelius, a most noted soldier, who had been four times advanced to be a centurion of the first rank; because he had had intimate familiarity with a youth born of free parents. Cornelius appealed against this to the tribunes; but when he said nothing about the facts, but only said that he was ready to put in bail, and to allege that the boy had openly made a public prostitution of his body for money, they absolutely refused to pay any attention to the matter. As a result Cornelius died in prison. For the tribunes thought it improper for our commonwealth to make bargains with men, however brave, so that they could buy domestic pleasure at the price of danger abroad. 6.1.11. After the punishment of a lustful centurion, the severe treatment of M. Laetorius Mergus, a military tribune, and his ignominious death, is next to be related. He was summoned before the people by Cominius, tribune of the plebs, being accused by his adjutant of seeking to violate his body. Nor would Laetorius await the trial; but first he secretly fled before the verdict, and then he slew himself. Yet though he had satisfied nature's debt by his death, yet he was condemned by the people for the crime of indecency. The severe discipline of the army, which was the most certain guardian of the consecrated eagle and of the Roman empire, prosecuted him even in his tomb; because he had tried to defile the body of him, whose instructor in virtue he should have been. 6.1.12. This discipline moved C. Marius, when he pronounced C. Lusius his sister's son, and a military tribune, to have been legally slain by C. Plotius, a common soldier; because Lusius had tried to defile him. |
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| 11. Plutarch, Moralia, 202c, 202b (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 281 |
| 12. Suetonius, Vespasianus, 8.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 287 |
| 13. Suetonius, Iulius, 67 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 287 |
14. Suetonius, Domitianus, 8.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 279, 292 | 8.4. For while he allowed the sisters Oculata and also Varronilla free choice of the manner of their death, and banished their paramours, he later ordered that Cornelia, a chief-vestal who had been acquitted once but after a long interval again arraigned and found guilty, be buried alive; and her lovers were beaten to death with rods in the Comitium, with the exception of an ex-praetor, whom he allowed to go into exile, because he admitted his guilt while the case was still unsettled and the examination and torture of the witnesses had led to no result. 10. But he did not continue this course of mercy or integrity, although he turned to cruelty somewhat more speedily than to avarice. He put to death a pupil of the pantomimic actor Paris, who was still a beardless boy and ill at the time, because in his skill and his appearance he seemed not unlike his master; also Hermogenes of Tarsus because of some allusions in his History, besides crucifying even the slaves who had written it out. A householder who said that a Thracian gladiator was a match for the murmillo, but not for the giver of the games, he caused to be dragged from his seat and thrown into the arena to dogs, with this placard: "A favourer of the Thracians who spoke impiously.", He put to death many senators, among them several ex-consuls, including Civica Cerealis, at the very time when he was proconsul in Asia, Salvidienus Orfitus, Acilius Glabrio while he was in exile â these on the ground of plotting revolution, the rest on any charge, however trivial. He slew Aelius Lamia for joking remarks, which were reflections on him, it is true, but made long before and harmless. For when Domitian had taken away Lamia's wife, the latter replied to someone who praised his voice: "I practise continence"; and when Titus urged him to marry again, he replied: "Are you too looking for a wife?", He put to death Salvius Cocceianus, because he had kept the birthday of the emperor Otho, his paternal uncle; Mettius Pompusianus, because it was commonly reported that he had an imperial nativity and carried about a map of the world on parchment and speeches of the kings and generals from Titus Livius, besides giving two of his slaves the names of Mago and Hannibal; Sallustius Lucullus, governor of Britain, for allowing some lances of a new pattern to be named "Lucullean," after his own name; Junius Rusticus, because he had published eulogies of Paetus Thrasea and Helvidius Priscus and called them the most upright of men; and on the occasion of this charge he banished all the philosophers from the city and from Italy., He also executed the younger Helvidius, alleging that in a farce composed for the stage he had under the characters of Paris and Oenone censured Domitian's divorce from his wife; Flavius Sabinus too, one of his cousins, because on the day of the consular elections the crier had inadvertently announced him to the people as emperor elect, instead of consul., After his victory in the civil war he became even more cruel, and to discover any conspirators who were in hiding, tortured many of the opposite party by a new form of inquisition, inserting fire in their privates; and he cut off the hands of some of them. It is certain that of the more conspicuous only two were pardoned, a tribune of senatorial rank and a centurion, who the more clearly to prove their freedom from guilt, showed that they were of shameless unchastity and could therefore have had no influence with the general or with the soldiers. |
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| 15. Suetonius, De Historicis, 1.48, 2.11.2, 3.40 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 290, 293, 294 |
16. Suetonius, Caligula, 56.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 293 | 56.2. When they had decided to attempt his life at the exhibition of the Palatine games, as he went out at noon, Cassius Chaerea, tribune of a cohort of the praetorian guard, claimed for himself the principal part; for Gaius used to taunt him, a man already well on in years, with voluptuousness and effeminacy by every form of insult. When he asked for the watchword Gaius would give him "Priapus" or "Venus," and when Chaerea had occasion to thank him for anything, he would hold out his hand to kiss, forming and moving it in an obscene fashion. |
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| 17. Plutarch, Marius, 14 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 281 |
18. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 67.11.4 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 292 | 67.11.4. One young man, Julius Calvaster, who had served as military tribune as a stepping-stone to the senate, was saved in a most extraordinary way. When it was being shown that he had had frequent meetings alone with Antonius, and he had no other way to free himself from the charge of conspiracy, he declared that he had met him for amorous intercourse; and in fact he was of an appearance to inspire passion. Thus he was acquitted. I will relate one more incident of this period, as follows, and then desist. |
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19. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 6.31.4-6.31.6, 10.29-10.30 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 288, 291, 294 | 10.29. To Trajan: Sempronius Caelianus, who is an excellent young officer, has sent me two slaves who were discovered among the recruits, and I have postponed their punishment in order to consult you, who are at once the founder and upholder of military discipline, as to the penalty I should inflict What makes me specially doubtful in the matter is, that though the two men had subscribed to the military oath, they had not been assigned to any company of the legions. So I beg you, Sir, to write and tell me what course I ought to adopt, the more so as the case promises to be a precedent. 10.29. To Trajan. Sempronius Caelianus, who is an excellent young officer, has sent me two slaves who were discovered among the recruits, and I have postponed their punishment in order to consult you, who are at once the founder and upholder of military discipline, as to the penalty I should inflict What makes me specially doubtful in the matter is, that though the two men had subscribed to the military oath, they had not been assigned to any company of the legions. So I beg you, Sir, to write and tell me what course I ought to adopt, the more so as the case promises to be a precedent. 10.30. Trajan to Pliny: Sempronius Caelianus acted in conformity with my commands in sending to you the slaves, into whose case we must inquire to see whether they have deserved capital punishment. But it all depends on whether they volunteered to serve, or whether they were picked out for service or even offered as substitutes. If they were picked out, then the recruiting officer made a mistake; if they were offered as substitutes, the fault lies with those who offered them; if they came of their own free will, knowing their status as slaves, then they are the persons to be visited with punishment. For it does not much matter that they had not yet been assigned to a company of the legions. The real truth as to their origin should have been found out on the day when they were passed for service. 10.30. Trajan to Pliny. Sempronius Caelianus acted in conformity with my commands in sending to you the slaves, into whose case we must inquire to see whether they have deserved capital punishment. But it all depends on whether they volunteered to serve, or whether they were picked out for service or even offered as substitutes. If they were picked out, then the recruiting officer made a mistake; if they were offered as substitutes, the fault lies with those who offered them; if they came of their own free will, knowing their status as slaves, then they are the persons to be visited with punishment. For it does not much matter that they had not yet been assigned to a company of the legions. The real truth as to their origin should have been found out on the day when they were passed for service. |
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| 20. Prudentius, On The Crown of Martyrdom, 10.201-10.205 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 279 |
| 21. Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Maximinus, 4.7 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 291 |
| 22. Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Marcus Antoninus, 21.6-21.7 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 290 |
| 23. Justinian, Digest, 49.16.8, 49.16.11, 49.16.4.5, 49.16.4.4, 49.16.4.3, 49.16.4.2, 3.1.1.6, 32.102.3, 49.16.4.1, 32.102.2, 3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.pr.-1, 49.16.4.6, 49.16.4.7, 49.16.4.8, 49.16.4.9, 3.2.1, 48.19.14, 3.2.2.3, 48.4.7.4 (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 291 |
| 24. Theodosius Ii Emperor of Rome, Theodosian Code, 7.13.8 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 289 |
| 25. Fronto, Ad Verum, 2.1 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 293 |
| 26. Suetonius, Annals, 1.16, 11.2 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 290, 292 |
| 27. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 16.4.8 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 280 |
| 28. Phaedrus, App., 10 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 285, 286 |
| 29. Epigraphy, Cil, 6.1063-6.1064 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 290 |
| 30. Paulus Julius, Digesta, 2.26.11-2.26.13 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 279, 294 |
| 31. Justinus, Epitome Historiarum Philippicarum, 38.10.2 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 278 |
| 32. Fronto, Letters, 2.1 Tagged with subjects: •homosexual relations, btw. soldiers Found in books: Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235) (2001) 293 |
