| 1. Homer, Odyssey, 23.183-23.204 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 226 |
| 2. Pindar, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 20 |
| 3. Sophocles, Oedipus The King, 1242-1252, 1254-1264, 1253 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 226 |
4. Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 641-646 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 205| 646. κἀκανηφόρουν ποτ' οὖσα παῖς καλὴ 'χους' | |
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5. Euripides, Bacchae, 142-143, 453-459, 677-697, 699-774, 698 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 242| 698. ὄφεσι κατεζώσαντο λιχμῶσιν γένυν. | |
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| 6. Euripides, Hippolytus, 767-768 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 226 |
| 7. Propertius, Elegies, 4.9, 4.9.1-4.9.22, 4.9.37-4.9.50, 4.9.71-4.9.74 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, hercules, as representative of east versus west •greek literature and practice, hero cults •greek literature and practice, juno, victims of Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 196 |
8. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 3.165-3.205 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, young womens rituals in Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 208| 3.165. Quo postquam subiit, nympharum tradidit uni 3.166. armigerae iaculum pharetramque arcusque retentos; 3.167. altera depositae subiecit bracchia pallae, 3.168. vincla duae pedibus demunt; nam doctior illis 3.169. Ismenis Crocale sparsos per colla capillos 3.170. conligit in nodum, quamvis erat ipsa solutis. 3.171. Excipiunt laticem Nepheleque Hyaleque Rhanisque 3.172. et Psecas et Phiale funduntque capacibus urnis. 3.173. Dumque ibi perluitur solita Titania lympha, 3.174. ecce nepos Cadmi dilata parte laborum 3.175. per nemus ignotum non certis passibus errans 3.176. pervenit in lucum: sic illum fata ferebant. 3.177. Qui simul intravit rorantia fontibus antra, 3.178. sicut erant, viso nudae sua pectora nymphae 3.179. percussere viro, subitisque ululatibus omne 3.180. implevere nemus circumfusaeque Dianam 3.181. corporibus texere suis; tamen altior illis 3.182. ipsa dea est colloque tenus supereminet omnes. 3.183. Qui color infectis adversi solis ab ictu 3.184. nubibus esse solet aut purpureae aurorae, 3.185. is fuit in vultu visae sine veste Dianae. 3.186. Quae quamquam comitum turba est stipata suarum, 3.187. in latus obliquum tamen adstitit oraque retro 3.188. flexit, et ut vellet promptas habuisse sagittas, 3.189. quas habuit sic hausit aquas vultumque virilem 3.190. perfudit, spargensque comas ultricibus undis 3.191. addidit haec cladis praenuntia verba futurae: 3.192. “Nunc tibi me posito visam velamine narres, 3.193. si poteris narrare, licet.” Nec plura minata 3.194. dat sparso capiti vivacis cornua cervi, 3.195. dat spatium collo summasque cacuminat aures, 3.196. cum pedibusque manus, cum longis bracchia mutat 3.197. cruribus et velat maculoso vellere corpus. 3.198. Additus et pavor est. Fugit Autonoeius heros 3.199. et se tam celerem cursu miratur in ipso. 3.200. Ut vero vultus et cornua vidit in unda, 3.201. “me miserum!” dicturus erat: vox nulla secuta est. 3.202. Ingemuit: vox illa fuit, lacrimaeque per ora 3.203. non sua fluxerunt; mens tantum pristina mansit. 3.204. Quid faciat? repetatne domum et regalia tecta 3.205. an lateat silvis? pudor hoc, timor impedit illud. | |
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| 9. Catullus, Poems, 11.21-11.24, 11.68-11.71, 61.154-61.155, 61.204-61.205 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 226, 227 |
| 10. Livy, History, 39.8-39.19, 39.12.4 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, bacchic rites •greek literature and practice, ino story, romanization of Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 118, 193 |
11. Ovid, Fasti, 3.713-3.808, 6.473-6.648 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, bacchic rites •greek literature and practice, ino story, romanization of •greek literature and practice, juno, victims of Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 118, 189, 190, 191, 193, 196, 198, 199, 200| 3.713. Tertia post Idus lux est celeberrima Baccho: 3.714. Bacche, fave vati, dum tua festa cano. 3.715. nec referam Semelen, ad quam nisi fulmina secum 3.716. Iuppiter adferret, parvus inermis eras; 3.717. nec, puer ut posses maturo tempore nasci, 3.718. expletum patrio corpore matris opus. 3.719. Sithonas et Scythicos longum narrare triumphos 3.720. et domitas gentes, turifer Inde, tuas. 3.721. tu quoque Thebanae mala praeda tacebere matris, 3.722. inque tuum furiis acte, Lycurge, genu. 3.723. ecce libet subitos pisces Tyrrhenaque monstra 3.724. dicere, sed non est carminis huius opus; 3.725. carminis huius opus causas exponere, quare 3.726. vilis anus populos ad sua liba vocet, 3.727. ante tuos ortus arae sine honore fuerunt, 3.728. Liber, et in gelidis herba reperta focis, 3.729. te memorant Gange totoque Oriente subacto 3.730. primitias magno seposuisse Iovi. 3.731. cinnama tu primus captivaque tura dedisti 3.732. deque triumphato viscera tosta bove. 3.733. nomine ab auctoris ducunt libamina nomen 3.734. libaque, quod sanctis pars datur inde focis. 3.735. liba deo fiunt, sucis quia dulcibus idem 3.736. gaudet, et a Baccho mella reperta ferunt. 3.737. ibat harenoso satyris comitatus ab Hebro 3.738. (non habet ingratos fabula nostra iocos), 3.739. iamque erat ad Rhodopen Pangaeaque florida ventum: 3.740. aeriferae comitum concrepuere manus, 3.741. ecce novae coeunt volucres tinnitibus actae, 3.742. quosque movent sonitus aera, sequuntur apes. 3.743. colligit errantes et in arbore claudit ii 3.744. Liber et inventi praemia mellis habet. 3.745. ut satyri levisque senex tetigere saporem, 3.746. quaerebant flavos per nemus omne favos, 3.747. audit in exesa stridorem examinis ulmo, 3.748. aspicit et ceras dissimulatque senex; 3.749. utque piger pandi tergo residebat aselli, 3.750. applicat hunc ulmo corticibusque cavis, 3.751. constitit ipse super ramoso stipite nixus 3.752. atque avide trunco condita mella petit, 3.753. milia crabronum coeunt et vertice nudo 3.754. spicula defigunt oraque sima notant. 3.755. ille cadit praeceps et calce feritur aselli 3.756. inclamatque suos auxiliumque rogat, 3.757. concurrunt satyri turgentiaque ora parentis 3.758. rident: percusso claudicat ille genu. 3.759. ridet et ipse deus limumque inducere monstrat; 3.760. hic paret monitis et linit ora luto. 3.761. melle pater fruitur, liboque infusa calenti 3.762. iure repertori candida mella damus, 3.763. femina cur presset, non est rationis opertae: 3.764. femineos thyrso concitat ille choros. 3.765. cur anus hoc faciat, quaeris? vinosior aetas 3.766. haec est et gravidae munera vitis amat, 3.767. cur hedera cincta est? hedera est gratissima Baccho: 3.768. hoc quoque cur ita sit, dicere nulla mora est. 3.769. Nysiadas nymphas puerum quaerente noverca 3.770. hanc frondem cunis opposuisse ferunt, 3.771. restat, ut inveniam, quare toga libera detur 3.772. Lucifero pueris, candide Bacche, tuo: 3.773. sive quod ipse puer semper iuvenisque videris, 3.774. et media est aetas inter utrumque tibi: 3.775. seu, quia tu pater es, patres sua pignora, natos, 3.776. commendant curae numinibusque tuis: 3.777. sive, quod es Liber, vestis quoque libera per te 3.778. sumitur et vitae liberioris iter: 3.779. an quia, cum colerent prisci studiosius agros, 3.780. et faceret patrio rure senator opus, 3.781. et caperet fasces a curvo consul aratro, 3.782. nec crimen duras esset habere manus, 3.783. rusticus ad ludos populus veniebat in urbem 3.784. (sed dis, non studiis ille dabatur honor: 3.785. luce sua ludos uvae commentor habebat, 3.786. quos cum taedifera nunc habet ille dea): 3.787. ergo ut tironem celebrare frequentia posset, 3.788. visa dies dandae non aliena togae? 3.789. mite caput, pater, huc placataque cornua vertas 3.790. et des ingenio vela secunda meo. 3.791. Itur ad Argeos (qui sint, sua pagina dicet) 3.792. hac, si commemini, praetentaque die. 3.793. stella Lycaoniam vergit declivis ad Arcton 3.794. Miluus: haec illa nocte videnda venit. 3.795. quid dederit volucri, si vis cognoscere, caelum: 3.796. Saturnus regnis a Iove pulsus erat; 3.797. concitat iratus validos Titanas in arma, 3.798. quaeque fuit fatis debita, temptat opem. 3.799. matre satus Terra, monstrum mirabile, taurus 3.800. parte sui serpens posteriore fuit: 3.801. hunc triplici muro lucis incluserat atris 3.802. Parcarum monitu Styx violenta trium, 3.803. viscera qui tauri flammis adolenda dedisset, 3.804. sors erat aeternos vincere posse deos. 3.805. immolat hunc Briareus facta ex adamante securi, 3.806. et iam iam flammis exta daturus erat: 3.807. Iuppiter alitibus rapere imperat: attulit illi 3.808. miluus et meritis venit in astra suis. 18. EC 19. F QVIN. N 20. GC 21. HC 22. AN 6.473. Iam, Phryx, a nupta quereris, Tithone, relinqui, 6.474. et vigil Eois Lucifer exit aquis: 6.475. ite, bonae matres (vestrum Matralia festum) 6.476. flavaque Thebanae reddite liba deae. 6.477. pontibus et magno iuncta est celeberrima Circo 6.478. area, quae posito de bove nomen habet: 6.479. hac ibi luce ferunt Matutae sacra parenti 6.480. sceptriferas Servi templa dedisse manus, 6.481. quae dea sit, quare famulas a limine templi 6.482. arceat (arcet enim) libaque tosta petat, 6.483. Bacche, racemiferos hedera redimite capillos, 6.484. si domus illa tua est, dirige vatis opus. 6.485. arserat obsequio Semele Iovis: accipit Ino 6.486. te, puer, et summa sedula nutrit ope. 6.487. intumuit Iuno, raptum quod paelice natum 6.488. educet: at sanguis ille sororis erat. 6.489. hinc agitur furiis Athamas et imagine falsa, 6.490. tuque cadis patria, parve Learche, manu. 6.491. maesta Learcheas mater tumulaverat umbras 6.492. et dederat miseris omnia iusta rogis. 6.493. haec quoque, funestos ut erat laniata capillos, 6.494. prosilit et cunis te, Melicerta, rapit. 6.495. est spatio contracta brevi, freta bina repellit 6.496. unaque pulsatur terra duabus aquis: 6.497. huc venit insanis natum complexa lacertis 6.498. et secum e celso mittit in alta iugo. 6.499. excipit illaesos Panope centumque sorores, 6.500. et placido lapsu per sua regna ferunt. 6.501. nondum Leucothea, nondum puer ille Palaemon 6.502. verticibus densi Thybridis ora tenent, 6.503. lucus erat; dubium Semelae Stimulaene vocetur: 6.504. Maenadas Ausonias incoluisse ferunt. 6.505. quaerit ab his Ino, quae gens foret: Arcadas esse 6.506. audit et Evandrum sceptra tenere loci. 6.507. dissimulata deam Latias Saturnia Bacchas 6.508. instimulat fictis insidiosa sonis: 6.509. ‘o nimium faciles, o toto pectore captae! 6.510. non venit haec nostris hospes amica choris, 6.511. fraude petit sacrique parat cognoscere ritum; 6.512. quo possit poenas pendere, pignus habet.’ 6.513. vix bene desierat, complent ululatibus auras 6.514. Thyades effusis per sua colla comis, 6.515. iniciuntque manus puerumque revellere pugt, 6.516. quos ignorat adhuc, invocat illa deos: 6.517. dique virique loci, miserae succurrite matri! 6.518. clamor Aventini saxa propinqua ferit, 6.519. appulerat ripae vaccas Oetaeus Hiberas: 6.520. audit et ad vocem concitus urget iter. 6.521. Herculis adventu, quae vim modo ferre parabant, 6.522. turpia femineae terga dedere fugae. 6.523. quid petis hinc (cognorat enim) ‘matertera Bacchi? 6.524. an numen, quod me, te quoque vexat?’ ait. 6.525. illa docet partim, partim praesentia nati 6.526. continet, et furiis in scelus isse pudet, 6.527. rumor, ut est velox, agitatis pervolat alis, 6.528. estque frequens, Ino, nomen in ore tuum. 6.529. hospita Carmentis fidos intrasse penates 6.530. diceris et longam deposuisse famem; 6.531. liba sua properata manu Tegeaca sacerdos 6.532. traditur in subito cocta dedisse foco. 6.533. nunc quoque liba iuvant festis Matralibus illam: 6.534. rustica sedulitas gratior arte fuit. 6.535. nunc, ait ‘o vates, venientia fata resigna, 6.536. qua licet, hospitiis hoc, precor, adde meis.’ 6.537. parva mora est, caelum vates ac numina sumit 6.538. fitque sui toto pectore plena dei; 6.539. vix illam subito posses cognoscere, tanto 6.540. sanctior et tanto, quam modo, maior erat. 6.541. laeta canam, gaude, defuncta laboribus Ino, 6.542. dixit ‘et huic populo prospera semper ades. 6.543. numen eris pelagi, natum quoque pontus habebit. 6.544. in vestris aliud sumite nomen aquis: 6.545. Leucothea Grais, Matuta vocabere nostris; 6.546. in portus nato ius erit omne tuo, 6.547. quem nos Portunum, sua lingua Palaemona dicet. 6.548. ite, precor, nostris aequus uterque locis!’ 6.549. annuerat, promissa fides, posuere labores, 6.550. nomina mutarunt: hic deus, illa dea est. 6.551. cur vetet ancillas accedere, quaeritis? odit, 6.552. principiumque odii, si sinat illa, canam, 6.553. una ministrarum solita est, Cadmei, tuarum 6.554. saepe sub amplexus coniugis ire tui. 6.555. improbus hanc Athamas furtim dilexit; ab illa 6.556. comperit agricolis semina tosta dari. 6.557. ipsa quidem fecisse negat, sed fama recepit. 6.558. hoc est, cur odio sit sibi serva manus, 6.559. non tamen hanc pro stirpe sua pia mater adoret: 6.560. ipsa parum felix visa fuisse parens, 6.561. alterius prolem melius mandabitis illi: 6.562. utilior Baccho quam fuit ipsa suis. 6.563. hanc tibi, quo properas? memorant dixisse, Rutili, 6.564. luce mea Marso consul ab hoste cades. 6.565. exitus accessit verbis, numenque Toleni 6.566. purpureum mixtis sanguine fluxit aquis, 6.567. proximus annus erat: Pallantide caesus eadem 6.568. Didius hostiles ingeminavit opes. 6.569. Lux eadem, Fortuna, tua est auctorque locusque; 6.570. sed superiniectis quis latet iste togis? 6.571. Servius est, hoc constat enim, sed causa latendi 6.572. discrepat et dubium me quoque mentis habet, 6.573. dum dea furtivos timide profitetur amores, 6.574. caelestemque homini concubuisse pudet 6.575. (arsit enim magno correpta cupidine regis 6.576. caecaque in hoc uno non fuit illa viro), 6.577. nocte domum parva solita est intrare fenestra; 6.578. unde Fenestellae nomina porta tenet, 6.579. nunc pudet, et voltus velamine celat amatos, 6.580. oraque sunt multa regia tecta toga. 6.581. an magis est verum post Tulli funera plebem 6.582. confusam placidi morte fuisse ducis, 6.583. nec modus ullus erat, crescebat imagine luctus, 6.584. donec eum positis occuluere togis? 6.585. tertia causa mihi spatio maiore canenda est, 6.586. nos tamen adductos intus agemus equos. 6.587. Tullia coniugio sceleris mercede parato 6.588. his solita est dictis extimulare virum: 6.589. ‘quid iuvat esse pares, te nostrae caede sororis 6.590. meque tui fratris, si pia vita placet? 6.591. vivere debuerant et vir meus et tua coniunx, 6.592. si nullum ausuri maius eramus opus. 6.593. et caput et regnum facio dictale parentis: 6.594. si vir es, i, dictas exige dotis opes. 6.595. regia res scelus est. socero cape regna necato, 6.596. et nostras patrio sanguine tingue manus.’ 6.597. talibus instinctus solio privatus in alto 6.598. sederat: attonitum volgus ad arma ruit. 6.599. hinc cruor et caedes, infirmaque vincitur aetas: 6.600. sceptra gener socero rapta Superbus habet. 6.601. ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat sua regia, caesus 6.602. concidit in dura sanguinulentus humo, 6.603. filia carpento patrios initura penates 6.604. ibat per medias alta feroxque vias. 6.605. corpus ut aspexit, lacrimis auriga profusis 6.606. restitit, hunc tali corripit illa sono: 6.607. ‘vadis, an expectas pretium pietatis amarum? 6.608. duc, inquam, invitas ipsa per ora rotas.’ 6.609. certa fides facti: dictus Sceleratus ab illa 6.610. vicus, et aeterna res ea pressa nota. 6.611. post tamen hoc ausa est templum, monumenta parentis, 6.612. tangere: mira quidem, sed tamen acta loquar, 6.613. signum erat in solio residens sub imagine Tulli; 6.614. dicitur hoc oculis opposuisse manum, 6.615. et vox audita est ‘voltus abscondite nostros, 6.616. ne natae videant ora nefanda meae.’ 6.617. veste data tegitur, vetat hanc Fortuna moveri 6.618. et sic e templo est ipsa locuta suo: 6.619. ‘ore revelato qua primum luce patebit 6.620. Servius, haec positi prima pudoris erit.’ 6.621. parcite, matronae, vetitas attingere vestes: 6.622. sollemni satis est voce movere preces, 6.623. sitque caput semper Romano tectus amictu, 6.624. qui rex in nostra septimus urbe fuit. 6.625. arserat hoc templum, signo tamen ille pepercit 6.626. ignis: opem nato Mulciber ipse tulit, 6.627. namque pater Tulli Volcanus, Ocresia mater 6.628. praesignis facie Corniculana fuit. 6.629. hanc secum Tanaquil sacris de more peractis 6.630. iussit in ornatum fundere vina focum: 6.631. hic inter cineres obsceni forma virilis 6.632. aut fuit aut visa est, sed fuit illa magis, 6.633. iussa foco captiva sedet: conceptus ab illa 6.634. Servius a caelo semina gentis habet. 6.635. signa dedit genitor tunc cum caput igne corusco 6.636. contigit, inque comis flammeus arsit apex. 6.637. Te quoque magnifica, Concordia, dedicat aede 6.638. Livia, quam caro praestitit ipsa viro. 6.639. disce tamen, veniens aetas, ubi Livia nunc est 6.640. porticus, immensae tecta fuisse domus; 6.641. urbis opus domus una fuit, spatiumque tenebat, 6.642. quo brevius muris oppida multa tenent, 6.643. haec aequata solo est, nullo sub crimine regni, 6.644. sed quia luxuria visa nocere sua, 6.645. sustinuit tantas operum subvertere moles 6.646. totque suas heres perdere Caesar opes, 6.647. sic agitur censura et sic exempla parantur, 6.648. cum iudex, alios quod monet, ipse facit. | 3.713. After the Ides: Bacchus, favour the poet who sings your feast. 3.714. I’ll not speak about Semele: you’d have been born defenceless, 3.715. If it hadn’t been that Jupiter brought her his lightning too. 3.716. Nor will I tell how the mother’s labour was fulfilled 3.717. In a father’s body, so you might duly be born their son. 3.718. It would take long to tell of the conquered Sithonians, 3.719. And the Scythians, and the races of incense-bearing India. 3.720. I’ll be silent about you too, Pentheus, sad prey to your own mother, 3.721. And you Lycurgus, who killed your own son in madness. 3.722. Lo, I’d like to speak of the monstrous Tyrrhenians, who 3.723. Suddenly became dolphins, but that’s not the task of this verse. 3.724. The task of this verse is to set out the reasons, 3.725. Why a vine-planter sells his cakes to the crowd. 3.726. Liber, before your birth the altars were without offerings, 3.727. And grass appeared on the stone-cold hearths. 3.728. They tell how you set aside the first fruits for Jupiter, 3.729. After subduing the Ganges region, and the whole of the East. 3.730. You were the first to offer up cinnamon and incense 3.731. From conquered lands, and the roast entrails of triumphal oxen. 3.732. Libations derive their name from their originator, 3.733. And cake (liba) since a part is offered on the sacred hearth. 3.734. Honey-cakes are baked for the god, because he delights in sweet 3.735. Substances, and they say that Bacchus discovered honey. 3.736. He was travelling from sandy Hebrus, accompanied 3.737. By Satyrs, (my tale contains a not-unpleasant jest) 3.738. And he’d come to Mount Rhodope, and flowering Pangaeus: 3.739. With the cymbals clashing in his companions’ hands. 3.740. Behold unknown winged things gather to the jangling, 3.741. Bees, that follow after the echoing bronze. 3.742. Liber gathered the swarm and shut it in a hollow tree, 3.743. And was rewarded with the prize of discovering honey. 3.744. Once the Satyrs, and old bald-headed Silenus, had tasted it, 3.745. They searched for the yellow combs in every tree. 3.746. The old fellow heard a swarm humming in a hollow elm, 3.747. Saw the honeycombs, but pretended otherwise: 3.748. And sitting lazily on his hollow-backed ass, 3.749. He rode it up to the elm where the trunk was hollow. 3.750. He stood and leant on the stump of a branch, 3.751. And greedily reached for the honey hidden inside. 3.752. But thousands of hornets gathered, thrusting their sting 3.753. Into his bald head, leaving their mark on his snub-nosed face. 3.754. He fell headlong, and received a kick from the ass, 3.755. As he shouted to his friends and called for help. 3.756. The Satyrs ran up, and laughed at their father’s face, 3.757. While he limped about on his damaged knee. 3.758. Bacchus himself laughed and showed him the use of mud: 3.759. Silenus took his advice, and smeared his face with clay. 3.760. Father Liber loves honey: its right to offer its discoverer 3.761. Glittering honey diffused through oven-warm cakes. 3.762. The reason why a woman presides isn’t obscure: 3.763. Bacchus stirs crowds of women with his thyrsus. 3.764. Why an old woman, you ask? That age drinks more, 3.765. And loves the gifts of the teeming vine. 3.766. Why is she wreathed with ivy? Ivy’s dearest to Bacchus: 3.767. And why that’s so doesn’t take long to tell. 3.768. They say that when Juno his stepmother was searching 3.769. For the boy, the nymphs of Nysa hid the cradle in ivy leaves. 3.770. It remains for me to reveal why the toga virilis, the gown 3.771. of manhood, is given to boys on your day, Bacchus: 3.772. Whether it’s because you seem to be ever boy or youth, 3.773. And your age is somewhere between the two: 3.774. Or because you’re a father, fathers commend their sons, 3.775. Their pledges of love, to your care and divinity: 3.776. Or because you’re Liber, the gown of liberty 3.777. And a more liberated life are adopted, for you: 3.778. Or is it because, in the days when the ancients tilled the field 3.779. More vigorously, and Senators worked their fathers’ land, 3.780. And ‘rods and axes’ took Consuls from the curving plough, 3.781. And it wasn’t a crime to have work-worn hands, 3.782. The farmers came to the City for the games, 3.783. (Though that was an honour paid to the gods, and not 3.784. Their inclination: and the grape’s discoverer held his game 3.785. This day, while now he shares that of torch-bearing Ceres): 3.786. And the day seemed not unfitting for granting the toga, 3.787. So that a crowd could celebrate the fresh novice? 3.788. Father turn your mild head here, and gentle horns, 3.789. And spread the sails of my art to a favourable breeze. 3.790. If I remember rightly, on this, and the preceding day, 3.791. Crowds go to the Argei (their own page will tell who they are). 3.792. The Kite star turns downwards near 3.793. The Lycaonian Bear: on this night it’s first visible. 3.794. If you wish to know who raised that falcon to heaven, 3.795. It was when Saturn had been dethroned by Jupiter: 3.796. Angered, he stirred the mighty Titans to battle, 3.797. And sought whatever help the Fates could grant him. 3.798. There was a bull, a marvellous monster, born of Mother 3.799. Earth, the hind part of which was of serpent-form: 3.800. Warned by the three Fates, grim Styx had imprisoned him 3.801. In dark woods, surrounded by triple walls. 3.802. There was a prophecy that whoever burnt the entrail 3.803. of the bull, in the flames, would defeat the eternal gods. 3.804. Briareus sacrificed it with an adamantine axe, 3.805. And was about to set the innards on the flames: 3.806. But Jupiter ordered the birds to snatch them: and the Kite 3.807. Brought them, and his service set him among the stars. 3.808. After a one day interval, the rites of Minerva are performed, 6.473. Now you complain, Phrygian Tithonus, abandoned by your bride, 6.474. And the vigilant Morning Star leaves the Eastern waters. 6.475. Good mothers (since the Matralia is your festival), 6.476. Go, offer the Theban goddess the golden cakes she’s owed. 6.477. Near the bridges and mighty Circus is a famous square, 6.478. One that takes its name from the statue of an ox: 6.479. There, on this day, they say, Servius with his own 6.480. Royal hands, consecrated a temple to Mother Matruta. 6.481. Bacchus, whose hair is twined with clustered grapes, 6.482. If the goddess’ house is also yours, guide the poet’s work, 6.483. Regarding who the goddess is, and why she exclude 6.484. (Since she does) female servants from the threshold 6.485. of her temple, and why she calls for toasted cakes. 6.486. Semele was burnt by Jove’s compliance: Ino 6.487. Received you as a baby, and nursed you with utmost care. 6.488. Juno swelled with rage, that Ino should raise a child 6.489. Snatched from Jove’s lover: but it was her sister’s son. 6.490. So Athamas was haunted by the Furies, and false visions, 6.491. And little Learchus died by his father’s hand. 6.492. His grieving mother committed his shade to the tomb. 6.493. And paid the honours due to the sad pyre. 6.494. Then tearing her hair in sorrow, she leapt up 6.495. And snatched you from your cradle, Melicertes. 6.496. There’s a narrow headland between two seas, 6.497. A single space attacked by twofold waves: 6.498. There Ino came, clutching her son in her frenzied grasp, 6.499. And threw herself, with him, from a high cliff into the sea. 6.500. Panope and her hundred sisters received them unharmed, 6.501. And gliding smoothly carried them through their realm. 6.502. They reached the mouth of densely eddying Tiber, 6.503. Before they became Leucothea and Palaemon. 6.504. There was a grove: known either as Semele’s or Stimula’s: 6.505. Inhabited, they say, by Italian Maenads. 6.506. Ino, asking them their nation, learned they were Arcadians, 6.507. And that Evander was the king of the place. 6.508. Hiding her divinity, Saturn’s daughter cleverly 6.509. Incited the Latian Bacchae with deceiving words: 6.510. ‘O too-easy-natured ones, caught by every feeling! 6.511. This stranger comes, but not as a friend, to our gathering. 6.512. She’s treacherous, and would learn our sacred rites: 6.513. But she has a child on whom we can wreak punishment.’ 6.514. She’d scarcely ended when the Thyiads, hair streaming 6.515. Over their necks, filled the air with their howling, 6.516. Laid hands on Ino, and tried to snatch the boy. 6.517. She invoked gods with names as yet unknown to her: 6.518. ‘Gods, and men, of this land, help a wretched mother!’ 6.519. Her cry carried to the neighbouring Aventine. 6.520. Oetaean Hercules having driven the Iberian cattle 6.521. To the riverbank, heard and hurried towards the voice. 6.522. As he arrived, the women who’d been ready for violence, 6.523. Shamefully turned their backs in cowardly flight. 6.524. ‘What are you doing here,’ said Hercules (recognising her), 6.525. ‘Sister of Bacchus’ mother? Does Juno persecute you too?’ 6.526. She told him part of her tale, suppressing the rest because of her son: 6.527. Ashamed to have been goaded to crime by the Furies. 6.528. Rumour, so swift, flew on beating wings, 6.529. And your name was on many a lip, Ino. 6.530. It’s said you entered loyal Carmentis’ home 6.531. As a guest, and assuaged your great hunger: 6.532. They say the Tegean priestess quickly made cake 6.533. With her own hands, and baked them on the hearth. 6.534. Now cakes delight the goddess at the Matralia: 6.535. Country ways pleased her more than art’s attentions. 6.536. ‘Now, O prophetess,’ she said, ‘reveal my future fate, 6.537. As far as is right. Add this, I beg, to your hospitality.’ 6.538. A pause ensued. Then the prophetess assumed divine powers, 6.539. And her whole breast filled with the presence of the god: 6.540. You’d hardly have known her then, so much taller 6.541. And holier she’d become than a moment before. 6.542. ‘I sing good news, Ino,’ she said, ‘your trials are over, 6.543. Be a blessing to your people for evermore. 6.544. You’ll be a sea goddess, and your son will inhabit ocean. 6.545. Take different names now, among your own waves: 6.546. Greeks will call you Leucothea, our people Matuta: 6.547. Your son will have complete command of harbours, 6.548. We’ll call him Portunus, Palaemon in his own tongue. 6.549. Go, and both be friends, I beg you, of our country!’ 6.550. Ino nodded, and gave her promise. Their trials were over, 6.551. They changed their names: he’s a god and she’s a goddess. 6.552. You ask why she forbids the approach of female servants? 6.553. She hates them: by her leave I’ll sing the reason for her hate. 6.554. Daughter of Cadmus, one of your maid 6.555. Was often embraced by your husband. 6.556. Faithless Athamas secretly enjoyed her: he learned 6.557. From her that you gave the farmers parched seed. 6.558. You yourself denied it, but rumour confirmed it. 6.559. That’s why you hate the service of a maid. 6.560. But let no loving mother pray to her, for her child: 6.561. She herself proved an unfortunate parent. 6.562. Better command her to help another’s child: 6.563. She was more use to Bacchus than her own. 6.564. They say she asked you, Rutilius, ‘Where are you rushing? 6.565. As consul you’ll fall to the Marsian enemy on my day.’ 6.566. Her words were fulfilled, the Tolenu 6.567. Flowed purple, its waters mixed with blood. 6.568. The following year, Didius, killed on the same 6.569. Day, doubled the enemy’s strength. 6.570. Fortuna, the same day is yours, your temple 6.571. Founded by the same king, in the same place. 6.572. And whose is that statue hidden under draped robes? 6.573. It’s Servius, that’s for sure, but different reason 6.574. Are given for the drapes, and I’m in doubt. 6.575. When the goddess fearfully confessed to a secret love, 6.576. Ashamed, since she’s immortal, to mate with a man 6.577. (For she burned, seized with intense passion for the king, 6.578. And he was the only man she wasn’t blind to), 6.579. She used to enter his palace at night by a little window: 6.580. So that the gate bears the name Fenestella. 6.581. She’s still ashamed, and hides the beloved feature 6.582. Under cloth: the king’s face being covered by a robe. 6.583. Or is it rather that, after his murder, the people 6.584. Were bewildered by their gentle leader’s death, 6.585. Their grief swelling, endlessly, at the sight 6.586. of the statue, until they hid him under robes? 6.587. I must sing at greater length of a third reason, 6.588. Though I’ll still keep my team on a tight rein. 6.589. Having secured her marriage by crime, Tullia 6.590. Used to incite her husband with words like these: 6.591. ‘What use if we’re equally matched, you by my sister’ 6.592. Murder, I by your brother’s, in leading a virtuous life? 6.593. Better that my husband and your wife had lived, 6.594. Than that we shrink from greater achievement. 6.595. I offer my father’s life and realm as my dower: 6.596. If you’re a man, go take the dower I speak of. 6.597. Crime is the mark of kingship. Kill your wife’s father, 6.598. Seize the kingdom, dip our hands in my father’s blood.’ 6.599. Urged on be such words, though a private citizen 6.600. He usurped the high throne: the people, stunned, took up arms. 6.601. With blood and slaughter the weak old man was defeated: 6.602. Tarquin the Proud snatched his father-in-law’s sceptre. 6.603. Servius himself fell bleeding to the hard earth, 6.604. At the foot of the Esquiline, site of his palace. 6.605. His daughter, driving to her father’s home, 6.606. Rode through the streets, erect and haughty. 6.607. When her driver saw the king’s body, he halted 6.608. In tears. She reproved him in these terms: 6.609. ‘Go on, or do you seek the bitter fruits of virtue? 6.610. Drive the unwilling wheels, I say, over his face.’ 6.611. A certain proof of this is Evil Street, named 6.612. After her, while eternal infamy marks the deed. 6.613. Yet she still dared to visit her father’s temple, 6.614. His monument: what I tell is strange but true. 6.615. There was a statue enthroned, an image of Servius: 6.616. They say it put a hand to its eyes, 6.617. And a voice was heard: ‘Hide my face, 6.618. Lest it view my own wicked daughter.’ 6.619. It was veiled by cloth, Fortune refused to let the robe 6.620. Be removed, and she herself spoke from her temple: 6.621. ‘The day when Servius’ face is next revealed, 6.622. Will be a day when shame is cast aside.’ 6.623. Women, beware of touching the forbidden cloth, 6.624. (It’s sufficient to utter prayers in solemn tones) 6.625. And let him who was the City’s seventh king 6.626. Keep his head covered, forever, by this veil. 6.627. The temple once burned: but the fire spared 6.628. The statue: Mulciber himself preserved his son. 6.629. For Servius’ father was Vulcan, and the lovely 6.630. Ocresia of Corniculum his mother. 6.631. Once, performing sacred rites with her in the due manner, 6.632. Tanaquil ordered her to pour wine on the garlanded hearth: 6.633. There was, or seemed to be, the form of a male organ 6.634. In the ashes: the shape was really there in fact. 6.635. The captive girl sat on the hearth, as commanded: 6.636. She conceived Servius, born of divine seed. 6.637. His father showed his paternity by touching the child’ 6.638. Head with fire, and a cap of flames glowed on his hair. 6.639. And Livia, this day dedicated a magnificent shrine to you, 6.640. Concordia, that she offered to her dear husband. 6.641. Learn this, you age to come: where Livia’s Colonnade 6.642. Now stands, there was once a vast palace. 6.643. A site that was like a city: it occupied a space 6.644. Larger than that of many a walled town. 6.645. It was levelled to the soil, not because of its owner’s treason, 6.646. But because its excess was considered harmful. 6.647. Caesar counteced the demolition of such a mass, 6.648. Destroying its great wealth to which he was heir. |
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| 12. Statius, Achilleis, 1.290-1.2300 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, young womens rituals in Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 205, 206, 207, 208 |
| 13. Statius, Thebais, 5.90-5.92 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 226 |
| 14. Plutarch, Greek Questions, 58 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, hercules, as representative of east versus west Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 181 |
| 15. Festus Sextus Pompeius, De Verborum Significatione, 55, 364 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 19 |
| 16. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 1.15.21, 3.8.2-3.8.3 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage •greek literature and practice, hercules, as representative of east versus west Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 19, 181 |
17. Augustine, The City of God, 7.21 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, bacchic rites Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 242 | 7.21. Now as to the rites of Liber, whom they have set over liquid seeds, and therefore not only over the liquors of fruits, among which wine holds, so to speak, the primacy, but also over the seeds of animals:- as to these rites, I am unwilling to undertake to show to what excess of turpitude they had reached, because that would entail a lengthened discourse, though I am not unwilling to do so as a demonstration of the proud stupidity of those who practise them. Among other rites which I am compelled from the greatness of their number to omit, Varro says that in Italy, at the places where roads crossed each other the rites of Liber were celebrated with such unrestrained turpitude, that the private parts of a man were worshipped in his honor. Nor was this abomination transacted in secret that some regard at least might be paid to modesty, but was openly and wantonly displayed. For during the festival of Liber this obscene member, placed on a car, was carried with great honor, first over the crossroads in the country, and then into the city. But in the town of Lavinium a whole month was devoted to Liber alone, during the days of which all the people gave themselves up to the must dissolute conversation, until that member had been carried through the forum and brought to rest in its own place; on which unseemly member it was necessary that the most honorable matron should place a wreath in the presence of all the people. Thus, forsooth, was the god Liber to be appeased in order to the growth of seeds. Thus was enchantment to be driven away from fields, even by a matron's being compelled to do in public what not even a harlot ought to be permitted to do in a theatre, if there were matrons among the spectators. For these reasons, then, Saturn alone was not believed to be sufficient for seeds - namely, that the impure mind might find occasions for multiplying the gods; and that, being righteously abandoned to uncleanness by the one true God, and being prostituted to the worship of many false gods, through an avidity for ever greater and greater uncleanness, it should call these sacrilegious rites sacred things, and should abandon itself to be violated and polluted by crowds of foul demons. |
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| 18. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 1.15.21, 3.8.2-3.8.3 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage •greek literature and practice, hercules, as representative of east versus west Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 19, 181 |
| 19. Servius, Commentary On The Aeneid, 4.99 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 20 |
| 20. Lydus Johannes Laurentius, De Mensibus, 4.67 (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, hercules, as representative of east versus west Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 181 |
21. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.498-1.504, 4.307, 4.666, 6.35-6.155, 6.520-6.522, 7.104-7.105, 7.392-7.405, 8.1-8.369, 8.513-8.519, 9.435-9.437, 10.515-10.517, 12.820-12.840 Tagged with subjects: •greek literature and practice, young womens rituals in •greek literature and practice, weddings and marriage •greek literature and practice, ino story, romanization of •greek literature and practice, juno, victims of •greek literature and practice, bacchic rites •greek literature and practice, hercules, as representative of east versus west Found in books: Panoussi(2019) 182, 183, 190, 191, 196, 198, 199, 208, 226, 227 | 1.498. Dido, assembling her few trusted friends, 1.499. prepared her flight. There rallied to her cause 1.500. all who did hate and scorn the tyrant king, 1.501. or feared his cruelty. They seized his ships, 1.502. which haply rode at anchor in the bay, 1.503. and loaded them with gold; the hoarded wealth 1.504. of vile and covetous Pygmalion 4.307. Aeneas partner of her bed and throne. 4.666. “I know a way—O, wish thy sister joy!— 6.35. And Queen Pasiphae's brute-human son, 6.36. The Minotaur—of monstrous loves the sign. 6.37. Here was the toilsome, labyrinthine maze, 6.38. Where, pitying love-lorn Ariadne's tears, 6.39. The crafty Daedalus himself betrayed 6.40. The secret of his work; and gave the clue 6.41. To guide the path of Theseus through the gloom. 6.42. 0 Icarus, in such well-graven scene 6.43. How proud thy place should be! but grief forbade: 6.44. Twice in pure gold a father's fingers strove 6.45. To shape thy fall, and twice they strove in vain. 6.46. Aeneas long the various work would scan; 6.47. But now Achates comes, and by his side 6.48. Deiphobe, the Sibyl, Glaucus' child. 6.49. Thus to the prince she spoke : 6.50. “Is this thine hour 6.51. To stand and wonder? Rather go obtain 6.52. From young unbroken herd the bullocks seven, 6.53. And seven yearling ewes, our wonted way.” 6.54. Thus to Aeneas; his attendants haste 6.55. To work her will; the priestess, calling loud, 6.57. Deep in the face of that Euboean crag 6.58. A cavern vast is hollowed out amain, 6.59. With hundred openings, a hundred mouths, 6.60. Whence voices flow, the Sibyl's answering songs. 6.61. While at the door they paused, the virgin cried : 6.62. “Ask now thy doom!—the god! the god is nigh!” 6.63. So saying, from her face its color flew, 6.64. Her twisted locks flowed free, the heaving breast 6.65. Swelled with her heart's wild blood; her stature seemed 6.66. Vaster, her accent more than mortal man, 6.67. As all th' oncoming god around her breathed : 6.68. “On with thy vows and prayers, 0 Trojan, on! 6.69. For only unto prayer this haunted cave 6.70. May its vast lips unclose.” She spake no more. 6.71. An icy shudder through the marrow ran 6.72. of the bold Trojans; while their sacred King 6.73. Poured from his inmost soul this plaint and prayer : 6.74. “Phoebus, who ever for the woes of Troy 6.75. Hadst pitying eyes! who gavest deadly aim 6.76. To Paris when his Dardan shaft he hurled 6.77. On great Achilles! Thou hast guided me 6.78. Through many an unknown water, where the seas 6.79. Break upon kingdoms vast, and to the tribes 6.80. of the remote Massyli, whose wild land 6.81. To Syrtes spreads. But now; because at last 6.82. I touch Hesperia's ever-fleeting bound, 6.83. May Troy 's ill fate forsake me from this day! 6.84. 0 gods and goddesses, beneath whose wrath 6.85. Dardania's glory and great Ilium stood, 6.86. Spare, for ye may, the remt of my race! 6.87. And thou, most holy prophetess, whose soul 6.88. Foreknows events to come, grant to my prayer 6.89. (Which asks no kingdom save what Fate decrees) 6.90. That I may stablish in the Latin land 6.91. My Trojans, my far-wandering household-gods, 6.92. And storm-tossed deities of fallen Troy . 6.93. Then unto Phoebus and his sister pale 6.94. A temple all of marble shall be given, 6.95. And festal days to Phoebus evermore. 6.96. Thee also in my realms a spacious shrine 6.97. Shall honor; thy dark books and holy songs 6.98. I there will keep, to be my people's law; 6.99. And thee, benigt Sibyl for all time 6.100. A company of chosen priests shall serve. 6.101. O, not on leaves, light leaves, inscribe thy songs! 6.102. Lest, playthings of each breeze, they fly afar 6.103. In swift confusion! Sing thyself, I pray.” 6.104. So ceased his voice; the virgin through the cave, 6.105. Scarce bridled yet by Phoebus' hand divine, 6.106. Ecstatic swept along, and vainly stove 6.107. To fing its potent master from her breast; 6.108. But he more strongly plied his rein and curb 6.109. Upon her frenzied lips, and soon subdued 6.110. Her spirit fierce, and swayed her at his will. 6.111. Free and self-moved the cavern's hundred adoors 6.112. Swung open wide, and uttered to the air 6.113. The oracles the virgin-priestess sung : 6.114. “Thy long sea-perils thou hast safely passed; 6.115. But heavier woes await thee on the land. 6.116. Truly thy Trojans to Lavinian shore 6.117. Shall come—vex not thyself thereon—but, oh! 6.118. Shall rue their coming thither! war, red war! 6.119. And Tiber stained with bloody foam I see. 6.120. Simois, Xanthus , and the Dorian horde 6.121. Thou shalt behold; a new Achilles now 6.122. In Latium breathes,—he, too, of goddess born; 6.123. And Juno, burden of the sons of Troy , 6.124. Will vex them ever; while thyself shalt sue 6.125. In dire distress to many a town and tribe 6.126. Through Italy ; the cause of so much ill 6.127. Again shall be a hostess-queen, again 6.128. A marriage-chamber for an alien bride. 6.129. Oh! yield not to thy woe, but front it ever, 6.130. And follow boldly whither Fortune calls. 6.131. Thy way of safety, as thou least couldst dream, 6.133. Thus from her shrine Cumaea's prophetess 6.134. Chanted the dark decrees; the dreadful sound 6.135. Reverberated through the bellowing cave, 6.136. Commingling truth with ecstasies obscure. 6.137. Apollo, as she raged, flung loosened rein, 6.138. And thrust beneath her heart a quickening spur. 6.139. When first her madness ceased, and her wild lips 6.140. Were still at last, the hero thus began : 6.141. “No tribulations new, 0 Sibyl blest, 6.142. Can now confront me; every future pain 6.143. I have foretasted; my prophetic soul 6.144. Endured each stroke of fate before it fell. 6.145. One boon I ask. If of th' infernal King 6.146. This be the portal where the murky wave 6.147. of swollen Acheron o'erflows its bound, 6.148. Here let me enter and behold the face 6.149. of my loved sire. Thy hand may point the way; 6.150. Thy word will open wide yon holy doors. 6.151. My father through the flames and falling spears, 6.152. Straight through the centre of our foes, I bore 6.153. Upon these shoulders. My long flight he shared 6.154. From sea to sea, and suffered at my side 6.155. The anger of rude waters and dark skies,— 6.520. Let Proserpine immaculately keep 6.521. The house and honor of her kinsman King. 6.522. Trojan Aeneas, famed for faithful prayer 7.104. The King, sore troubled by these portents, sought 7.105. oracular wisdom of his sacred sire, 7.392. within their prayed-for land delectable, 7.393. afe from the seas and me! Mars once had power 7.394. the monstrous Lapithae to slay; and Jove 7.395. to Dian's honor and revenge gave o'er 7.396. the land of Calydon. What crime so foul 7.397. was wrought by Lapithae or Calydon? 7.398. But I, Jove's wife and Queen, who in my woes 7.399. have ventured each bold stroke my power could find, 7.400. and every shift essayed,—behold me now 7.401. outdone by this Aeneas! If so weak 7.402. my own prerogative of godhead be, 7.403. let me seek strength in war, come whence it will! 7.404. If Heaven I may not move, on Hell I call. 7.405. To bar him from his Latin throne exceeds 8.1. When Turnus from Laurentum's bastion proud 8.2. published the war, and roused the dreadful note 8.3. of the harsh trumpet's song; when on swift steeds 8.4. the lash he laid and clashed his sounding arms; 8.5. then woke each warrior soul; all Latium stirred 8.6. with tumult and alarm; and martial rage 8.7. enkindled youth's hot blood. The chieftains proud, 8.8. Messapus, Ufens, and that foe of Heaven, 8.9. Mezentius, compel from far and wide 8.10. their loyal hosts, and strip the field and farm 8.11. of husbandmen. To seek auxiliar arms 8.12. they send to glorious Diomed's domain 8.13. the herald Venulus, and bid him cry: 8.14. “ Troy is to Latium come; Aeneas' fleet 8.15. has come to land. He brings his vanquished gods, 8.16. and gives himself to be our destined King. 8.17. Cities not few accept him, and his name 8.18. through Latium waxes large. But what the foe 8.19. by such attempt intends, what victory 8.20. is his presumptuous hope, if Fortune smile, 8.21. Aetolia 's lord will not less wisely fear 8.23. Thus Latium 's cause moved on. Meanwhile the heir 8.24. of great Laomedon, who knew full well 8.25. the whole wide land astir, was vexed and tossed 8.26. in troubled seas of care. This way and that 8.27. his swift thoughts flew, and scanned with like dismay 8.28. each partial peril or the general storm. 8.29. Thus the vexed waters at a fountain's brim, 8.30. mitten by sunshine or the silver sphere 8.31. of a reflected moon, send forth a beam 8.32. of flickering light that leaps from wall to wall, 8.33. or, skyward lifted in ethereal flight, 8.34. glances along some rich-wrought, vaulted dome. 8.35. Now night had fallen, and all weary things, 8.36. all shapes of beast or bird, the wide world o'er, 8.37. lay deep in slumber. So beneath the arch 8.38. of a cold sky Aeneas laid him down 8.39. upon the river-bank, his heart sore tried 8.40. by so much war and sorrow, and gave o'er 8.41. his body to its Iong-delayed repose. 8.42. There, 'twixt the poplars by the gentle stream, 8.43. the River-Father, genius of that place, 8.44. old Tiberinus visibly uprose; 8.45. a cloak of gray-green lawn he wore, his hair 8.46. o'erhung with wreath of reeds. In soothing words 8.48. “Seed of the gods! who bringest to my shore 8.49. thy Trojan city wrested from her foe, 8.50. a stronghold everlasting, Latium 's plain 8.51. and fair Laurentum long have looked for thee. 8.52. Here truly is thy home. Turn not away. 8.53. Here the true guardians of thy hearth shall be. 8.54. Fear not the gathering war. The wrath of Heaven 8.55. has stilled its swollen wave. A sign I tell: 8.56. Lest thou shouldst deem this message of thy sleep 8.57. a vain, deluding dream, thou soon shalt find 8.58. in the oak-copses on my margent green, 8.59. a huge sow, with her newly-littered brood 8.60. of thirty young; along the ground she lies, 8.61. now-white, and round her udders her white young. 8.62. There shall thy city stand, and there thy toil 8.63. hall find untroubled rest. After the lapse 8.64. of thrice ten rolling years, Ascanius 8.65. hall found a city there of noble name, 8.66. White-City, Alba; 't is no dream I sing! 8.67. But I instruct thee now by what wise way 8.68. th' impending wars may bring thee victory: 8.69. receive the counsel, though the words be few: 8.70. within this land are men of Arcady, 8.71. of Pallas' line, who, following in the train 8.72. of King Evander and his men-at-arms, 8.73. built them a city in the hills, and chose 8.74. (honoring Pallas, their Pelasgian sire), 8.75. the name of Pallanteum. They make war 8.76. incessant with the Latins. Therefore call 8.77. this people to thy side and bind them close 8.78. in federated power. My channel fair 8.79. and shaded shore shall guide thee where they dwell, 8.80. and thy strong oarsmen on my waters borne 8.81. hall mount my falling stream. Rise, goddess-born, 8.82. and ere the starlight fade give honor due 8.83. to Juno, and with supplicating vow 8.84. avert her wrath and frown. But unto me 8.85. make offering in thy victorious hour, 8.86. in time to come. I am the copious flood 8.87. which thou beholdest chafing at yon shores 8.88. and parting fruitful fields: cerulean stream 8.89. of Tiber , favored greatly of high Heaven. 8.90. here shall arise my house magnificent, 8.92. So spake the river-god, and sank from view 8.93. down to his deepest cave; then night and sleep 8.94. together from Aeneas fled away. 8.95. He rose, and to the orient beams of morn 8.96. his forehead gave; in both his hollowed palms 8.97. he held the sacred waters of the stream, 8.98. and called aloud: “O ye Laurentian nymphs, 8.99. whence flowing rills be born, and chiefly thou, 8.100. O Father Tiber , worshipped stream divine, 8.101. accept Aeneas, and from peril save! 8.102. If in some hallowed lake or haunted spring 8.103. thy power, pitying my woes, abides, 8.104. or wheresoe'er the blessed place be found 8.105. whence first thy beauty flows, there evermore 8.106. my hands shall bring thee gift and sacrifice. 8.107. O chief and sovereign of Hesperian streams, 8.108. O river-god that hold'st the plenteous horn, 8.109. protect us, and confirm thy words divine!” 8.110. He spoke; then chose twin biremes from the fleet, 8.112. But, lo! a sudden wonder met his eyes: 8.113. white gleaming through the grove, with all her brood 8.114. white like herself, on the green bank the Sow 8.115. tretched prone. The good Aeneas slew her there, 8.116. Great Juno, for a sacrifice to thee, 8.117. himself the priest, and with the sucklings all 8.118. beside shine altar stood. So that whole night 8.119. the god of Tiber calmed his swollen wave, 8.120. ebbing or lingering in silent flow, 8.121. till like some gentle lake or sleeping pool 8.122. his even waters lay, and strove no more 8.123. against the oarsmen's toil. Upon their way 8.124. they speed with joyful sound; the well-oiled wood 8.125. lips through the watery floor; the wondering waves, 8.126. and all the virgin forests wondering, 8.127. behold the warriors in far-shining arms 8.128. their painted galleys up the current drive. 8.129. O'er the long reaches of the winding flood 8.130. their sturdy oars outweary the slow course 8.131. of night and day. Fair groves of changeful green 8.132. arch o'er their passage, and they seem to cleave 8.133. green forests in the tranquil wave below. 8.134. Now had the flaming sun attained his way 8.135. to the mid-sphere of heaven, when they discerned 8.136. walls and a citadel in distant view, 8.137. with houses few and far between; 't was there, 8.138. where sovran Rome to-day has rivalled Heaven, 8.139. Evander's realm its slender strength displayed: 8.141. It chanced th' Arcadian King had come that day 8.142. to honor Hercules, Amphitryon's son, 8.143. and to the powers divine pay worship due 8.144. in groves outside the wall. Beside him stood 8.145. Pallas his son, his noblest men-at-arms, 8.146. and frugal senators, who at the shrines 8.147. burnt incense, while warm blood of victims flowed. 8.148. But when they saw the tall ships in the shade 8.149. of that dark forest plying noiseless oars, 8.150. the sudden sight alarmed, and all the throng 8.151. prang to its feet and left the feast divine. 8.152. But dauntless Pallas bade them give not o'er 8.153. the sacred festival, and spear in hand 8.154. flew forward to a bit of rising ground, 8.155. and cried from far: “Hail, warriors! what cause 8.156. drives you to lands unknown, and whither bound? 8.157. Your kin, your country? Bring ye peace or war?” 8.158. Father Aeneas then held forth a bough 8.159. of peaceful olive from the lofty ship, 8.160. thus answering : “Men Trojan-born are we, 8.161. foes of the Latins, who have driven us forth 8.162. with insolent assault. We fain would see 8.163. Evander. Pray, deliver this, and say 8.164. that chosen princes of Dardania 8.165. ue for his help in arms.” So wonder fell 8.166. on Pallas, awestruck at such mighty name. 8.167. O, come, whoe'er thou art,” he said, “and speak 8.168. in presence of my father. Enter here, 8.169. guest of our hearth and altar.” He put forth 8.170. his right hand in true welcome, and they stood 8.171. with lingering clasp; then hand in hand advanced 8.173. Aeneas to Evander speaking fair, 8.174. these words essayed: “O best of Grecian-born! 8.175. whom Fortune's power now bids me seek and sue, 8.176. lifting this olive-branch with fillets bound, 8.177. I have not feared thee, though I know thou art 8.178. a Greek, and an Arcadian king, allied 8.179. to the two sons of Atreus. For behold, 8.180. my conscious worth, great oracles from Heaven, 8.181. the kinship of our sires, thy own renown 8.182. pread through the world—all knit my cause with thine, 8.183. all make me glad my fates have so decreed. 8.184. The sire and builder of the Trojan town 8.185. was Dardanus; but he, Electra's child, 8.186. came over sea to Teucria; the sire 8.187. of fair Electra was great Atlas, he 8.188. whose shoulder carries the vast orb of heaven. 8.189. But thy progenitor was Mercury, 8.190. and him conceiving, Maia, that white maid, 8.191. on hoar Cyllene's frosty summit bore. 8.192. But Maia's sire, if aught of truth be told, 8.193. was Atlas also, Atlas who sustains 8.194. the weight of starry skies. Thus both our tribes 8.195. are one divided stem. Secure in this, 8.196. no envoys have I sent, nor tried thy mind 8.197. with artful first approaches, but myself, 8.198. risking my person and my life, have come 8.199. a suppliant here. For both on me and thee 8.200. the house of Daunus hurls insulting war. 8.201. If us they quell, they doubt not to obtain 8.202. lordship of all Hesperia, and subdue 8.203. alike the northern and the southern sea. 8.204. Accept good faith, and give! Behold, our hearts 8.205. quail not in battle; souls of fire are we, 8.207. Aeneas ceased. The other long had scanned 8.208. the hero's face, his eyes, and wondering viewed 8.209. his form and mien divine; in answer now 8.210. he briefly spoke: “With hospitable heart, 8.211. O bravest warrior of all Trojan-born, 8.212. I know and welcome thee. I well recall 8.213. thy sire Anchises, how he looked and spake. 8.214. For I remember Priam, when he came 8.215. to greet his sister, Queen Hesione, 8.216. in Salamis , and thence pursued his way 8.217. to our cool uplands of Arcadia . 8.218. The bloom of tender boyhood then was mine, 8.219. and with a wide-eyed wonder I did view 8.220. those Teucrian lords, Laomedon's great heir, 8.221. and, towering highest in their goodly throng, 8.222. Anchises, whom my warm young heart desired 8.223. to speak with and to clasp his hand in mine. 8.224. So I approached, and joyful led him home 8.225. to Pheneus' olden wall. He gave me gifts 8.226. the day he bade adieu; a quiver rare 8.227. filled with good Lycian arrows, a rich cloak 8.228. inwove with thread of gold, and bridle reins 8.229. all golden, now to youthful Pallas given. 8.230. Therefore thy plea is granted, and my hand 8.231. here clasps in loyal amity with thine. 8.232. To-morrow at the sunrise thou shalt have 8.233. my tribute for the war, and go thy way 8.234. my glad ally. But now this festival, 8.235. whose solemn rite 't were impious to delay, 8.236. I pray thee celebrate, and bring with thee 8.237. well-omened looks and words. Allies we are! 8.239. So saying, he bade his followers renew 8.240. th' abandoned feast and wine; and placed each guest 8.241. on turf-built couch of green, most honoring 8.242. Aeneas by a throne of maple fair 8.243. decked with a lion's pelt and flowing mane. 8.244. Then high-born pages, with the altar's priest, 8.245. bring on the roasted beeves and load the board 8.246. with baskets of fine bread; and wine they bring — 8.247. of Ceres and of Bacchus gift and toil. 8.248. While good Aeneas and his Trojans share 8.250. When hunger and its eager edge were gone, 8.251. Evander spoke: “This votive holiday, 8.252. yon tables spread and altar so divine, 8.253. are not some superstition dark and vain, 8.254. that knows not the old gods, O Trojan King! 8.255. But as men saved from danger and great fear 8.256. this thankful sacrifice we pay. Behold, 8.257. yon huge rock, beetling from the mountain wall, 8.258. hung from the cliff above. How lone and bare 8.259. the hollowed mountain looks! How crag on crag 8.260. tumbled and tossed in huge confusion lie! 8.261. A cavern once it was, which ran deep down 8.262. into the darkness. There th' half-human shape 8.263. of Cacus made its hideous den, concealed 8.264. from sunlight and the day. The ground was wet 8.265. at all times with fresh gore; the portal grim 8.266. was hung about with heads of slaughtered men, 8.267. bloody and pale—a fearsome sight to see. 8.268. Vulcan begat this monster, which spewed forth 8.269. dark-fuming flames from his infernal throat, 8.270. and vast his stature seemed. But time and tide 8.271. brought to our prayers the advent of a god 8.272. to help us at our need. For Hercules, 8.273. divine avenger, came from laying low 8.274. three-bodied Geryon, whose spoils he wore 8.275. exultant, and with hands victorious drove 8.276. the herd of monster bulls, which pastured free 8.277. along our river-valley. Cacus gazed 8.278. in a brute frenzy, and left not untried 8.279. aught of bold crime or stratagem, but stole 8.280. four fine bulls as they fed, and heifers four, 8.281. all matchless; but, lest hoof-tracks point his way, 8.282. he dragged them cave-wards by the tails, confusing 8.283. the natural trail, and hid the stolen herd 8.284. in his dark den; and not a mark or sign 8.285. could guide the herdsmen to that cavern-door. 8.286. But after, when Amphitryon's famous son, 8.287. preparing to depart, would from the meads 8.288. goad forth the full-fed herd, his lingering bulls 8.289. roared loud, and by their lamentable cry 8.290. filled grove and hills with clamor of farewell: 8.291. one heifer from the mountain-cave lowed back 8.292. in answer, so from her close-guarded stall 8.293. foiling the monster's will. Then hadst thou seen 8.294. the wrath of Hercules in frenzy blaze 8.295. from his exasperate heart. His arms he seized, 8.296. his club of knotted oak, and climbed full-speed 8.297. the wind-swept hill. Now first our people saw 8.298. Cacus in fear, with panic in his eyes. 8.299. Swift to the black cave like a gale he flew, 8.300. his feet by terror winged. Scarce had he passed 8.301. the cavern door, and broken the big chains, 8.302. and dropped the huge rock which was pendent there 8.303. by Vulcan's well-wrought steel; scarce blocked and barred 8.304. the guarded gate: when there Tirynthius stood, 8.305. with heart aflame, surveying each approach, 8.306. rolling this way and that his wrathful eyes, 8.307. gnashing his teeth. Three times his ire surveyed 8.308. the slope of Aventine ; three times he stormed 8.309. the rock-built gate in vain; and thrice withdrew 8.310. to rest him in the vale. But high above 8.311. a pointed peak arose, sheer face of rock 8.312. on every side, which towered into view 8.313. from the long ridge above the vaulted cave, 8.314. fit haunt for birds of evil-boding wing. 8.315. This peak, which leftward toward the river leaned, 8.316. he smote upon its right—his utmost blow — 8.317. breaking its bases Ioose; then suddenly 8.318. thrust at it: as he thrust, the thunder-sound 8.319. filled all the arching sky, the river's banks 8.320. asunder leaped, and Tiber in alarm 8.321. reversed his flowing wave. So Cacus' lair 8.322. lay shelterless, and naked to the day 8.323. the gloomy caverns of his vast abode 8.324. tood open, deeply yawning, just as if 8.325. the riven earth should crack, and open wide 8.326. th' infernal world and fearful kingdoms pale, 8.327. which gods abhor; and to the realms on high 8.328. the measureless abyss should be laid bare, 8.329. and pale ghosts shrink before the entering sun. 8.330. Now upon Cacus, startled by the glare, 8.331. caged in the rocks and howling horribly, 8.332. Alcides hurled his weapons, raining down 8.333. all sorts of deadly missiles—trunks of trees, 8.334. and monstrous boulders from the mountain torn. 8.335. But when the giant from his mortal strait 8.336. no refuge knew, he blew from his foul jaws 8.337. a storm of smoke—incredible to tell — 8.338. and with thick darkness blinding every eye, 8.339. concealed his cave, uprolling from below 8.340. one pitch-black night of mingled gloom and fire. 8.341. This would Alcides not endure, but leaped 8.342. headlong across the flames, where densest hung 8.343. the rolling smoke, and through the cavern surged 8.344. a drifting and impenetrable cloud. 8.345. With Cacus, who breathed unavailing flame, 8.346. he grappled in the dark, locked limb with limb, 8.347. and strangled him, till o'er the bloodless throat 8.348. the starting eyeballs stared. Then Hercules 8.349. burst wide the doorway of the sooty den, 8.350. and unto Heaven and all the people showed 8.351. the stolen cattle and the robber's crimes, 8.352. and dragged forth by the feet the shapeless corpse 8.353. of the foul monster slain. The people gazed 8.354. insatiate on the grewsome eyes, the breast 8.355. of bristling shag, the face both beast and man, 8.356. and that fire-blasted throat whence breathed no more 8.357. the extinguished flame. 'T is since that famous day 8.358. we celebrate this feast, and glad of heart 8.359. each generation keeps the holy time. 8.360. Potitius began the worship due, 8.361. and our Pinarian house is vowed to guard 8.362. the rites of Hercules. An altar fair 8.363. within this wood they raised; 't is called ‘the Great,’ 8.364. and Ara Maxima its name shall be. 8.365. Come now, my warriors, and bind your brows 8.366. with garlands worthy of the gift of Heaven. 8.367. Lift high the cup in every thankful hand, 8.368. and praise our people's god with plenteous wine.” 8.369. He spoke; and of the poplar's changeful sheen, 8.513. Behold what tribes conspire, what cities strong 8.514. behind barred gates now make the falchion keen 8.515. to ruin and blot out both me and mine!” 8.516. So spake the goddess, as her arms of snow 8.517. around her hesitating spouse she threw 8.518. in tender, close embrace. He suddenly 8.519. knew the familiar fire, and o'er his frame 9.435. through midnight shades, to where their foemen lie 9.436. encamped in arms; of whom, before these fall, 9.437. a host shall die. Along the turf were seen, 10.516. First in his path was Lagus, thither led 10.517. by evil stars; whom, as he tried to lift 12.820. and young Lavinia's frantic fingers tore 12.821. her rose-red cheek and hyacinthine hair. 12.822. Then all her company of women shrieked 12.823. in anguish, and the wailing echoed far 12.824. along the royal seat; from whence the tale 12.825. of sorrow through the peopled city flew; 12.826. hearts sank; Latinus rent his robes, appalled 12.827. to see his consort's doom, his falling throne; 12.829. Meanwhile the warrior Turnus far afield 12.830. pursued a scattered few; but less his speed, 12.831. for less and less his worn steeds worked his will; 12.832. and now wind-wafted to his straining ear 12.833. a nameless horror came, a dull, wild roar, 12.834. the city's tumult and distressful cry. 12.835. “Alack,” he cried, “what stirs in yonder walls 12.836. uch anguish? Or why rings from side to side 12.837. uch wailing through the city?” Asking so, 12.838. he tightened frantic grasp upon the rein. 12.839. To him his sister, counterfeiting still 12.840. the charioteer Metiscus, while she swayed |
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