1. Homer, Iliad, 9.526 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures, paromoiosis Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 204 | 9.526. / that were warriors, whenso furious wrath came upon any; won might they be by gifts, and turned aside by pleadings. Myself I bear in mind this deed of old days and not of yesterday, how it was; and I will tell it among you that are all my friends. The Curetes on a time were fighting and the Aetolians staunch in battle |
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| 2. Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: van der EIjk (2005) 36 |
| 3. Hippocrates, Nature of Man, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures of speech Found in books: van der EIjk (2005) 36 |
| 4. Hippocrates, Diseases, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures of speech Found in books: van der EIjk (2005) 36 |
| 5. Gorgias, Helena, 4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 292; König and Wiater (2022) 292 |
| 6. Aristotle, Rhetoric, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 206 |
| 7. Anaximenes of Lampsacus, Rhetoric To Alexander, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 202 |
| 8. Agatharchides, On The Erythraean Sea, None (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 295 |
9. Cicero, Brutus, 226 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 310; König and Wiater (2022) 310| 226. Coniunctus igitur Sulpici aetati P. Antistius fuit, rabula sane probabilis, qui multos cum tacuisset iacuisset Baehrens annos neque contemni solum sed inrideri etiam solitus esset, in tribunatu primum contra C. Iuli illam consulatus petitionem extraordinariam veram causam agens est probatus; et eo magis quod eandem causam cum ageret eius conlega ille ipse Sulpicius, hic plura et acutiora dicebat. Itaque post tribunatum primo multae ad eum causae, deinde omnes maximae quaecumque erant deferebantur. | |
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10. Cicero, Brutus, 226, 287, 33-34 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 202| 34. ipsa enim natura circumscriptione quadam verborum verborum secl. Schütz comprehendit concluditque sententiam, quae cum aptis constricta constricta FO : circumscripta codd. : structa Bake verbis est, cadit etiam plerumque numerose. Nam et aures ipsae quid plenum, quid ie sit iudicant et spiritu quasi necessitate aliqua verborum com- prehensio terminatur; in quo non modo defici sed etiam laborare turpe est. | |
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11. Cicero, De Oratore, 3.184-3.187 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures •gorgianic figures, parisosis Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 209| 3.184. Neque vero haec tam acrem curam diligentiamque desiderant, quam est illa poetarum; quos necessitas cogit et ipsi numeri ac modi sic verba versu includere, ut nihil sit ne spiritu quidem minimo brevius aut longius, quam necesse est. Liberior est oratio et plane, ut dicitur, sic est vere soluta, non ut fugiat tamen aut erret, sed ut sine vinculis sibi ipsa moderetur. Namque ego illud adsentior Theophrasto, qui putat orationem, quae quidem sit polita atque facta quodam modo, non astricte, sed remissius numerosam esse oportere. 3.185. Etenim, sicut ille suspicatur, et ex istis modis, quibus hic usitatus versus efficitur, post anapaestus, procerior quidam numerus, effloruit, inde ille licentior et divitior fluxit dithyrambus, cuius membra et pedes, ut ait idem, sunt in omni locupleti oratione diffusa; et, si numerosum est in omnibus sonis atque vocibus, quod habet quasdam impressiones et quod metiri possumus intervallis aequalibus, recte genus hoc numerorum, dum modo ne continui sint, in orationis laude ponitur. Nam si rudis et impolita putanda est illa sine intervallis loquacitas perennis et profluens, quid est aliud causae cur repudietur, nisi quod hominum auribus vocem natura modulatur ipsa? Quod fieri, nisi inest numerus in voce, non potest. 3.186. Numerus autem in continuatione nullus est; distinctio et aequalium aut saepe variorum intervallorum percussio numerum conficit, quem in cadentibus guttis, quod intervallis distinguuntur, notare possumus, in amni praecipitante non possumus. Quod si continuatio verborum haec soluta multo est aptior atque iucundior, si est articulis membrisque distincta, quam si continuata ac producta, membra illa modificata esse debebunt; quae si in extremo breviora sunt, infringitur ille quasi verborum ambitus; sic enim has orationis conversiones Graeci nomit. Qua re aut paria esse debent posteriora superioribus, et extrema primis aut, quod etiam est melius et iucundius, longiora. 3.187. Atque haec quidem ab eis philosophis, quos tu maxime diligis, Catule, dicta sunt; quod eo saepius testificor, ut auctoribus laudandis ineptiarum crimen effugiam.' 'Quarum tandem?' inquit Catulus 'aut quid disputatione ista adferri potest elegantius aut omnino dici subtilius?' | |
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| 12. Cicero, Letters, 108-151, 153-211, 221-225, 152 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 218 |
13. Anon., Rhetorica Ad Herennium, 4.26-4.32 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures •gorgianic figures, antithesis •gorgianic figures, parisosis •gorgianic figures, paromoiosis Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 202, 203, 204 | 4.26. This figure ought to be brief, and completed in an unbroken period. Furthermore, it is not only agreeable to the ear on account of its brief and complete rounding-off, but by means of the contrary statement it also forcibly proves what the speaker needs to prove; and from a statement which is not open to question it draws a thought which is in question, in such a way that the inference cannot be refuted, or can be refuted only with much the greatest difficulty. Colon or Clause is the name given to a sentence member, brief and complete, which does not express the entire thought, but is in turn supplemented by another colon, as follows: "On the one hand you were helping your enemy." That is one soâcalled colon; it ought then to be supplemented by a second: "And on the other you were hurting your friend." This figure can consist of two cola, but it is neatest and most complete when composed of three, as follows: "You were helping your enemy, you were hurting your friend, and you were not consulting your own best interests." Again: "You have not consulted the welfare of the republic, nor have you helped your friends, nor have you resisted your enemies." It is called a Comma or Phrase when single words are set apart by pauses in staccato speech, as follows: "By your vigour, voice, looks you have terrified your adversaries." Again: "You have destroyed your enemies by jealousy, injuries, influence, perfidy." There is this difference in onset between the last figure and the one preceding: the former moves upon its object more slowly and less often, the latter strikes more quickly and frequently. Accordingly in the first figure it seems that the arm draws back and the hand whirls about to bring the sword to the adversary's body, while in the second his body is as it were pierced with quick and repeated thrusts. 4.27. A Period is a close-packed and uninterrupted group of words embracing a complete thought. We shall best use it in three places: in a Maxim, in a Contrast, and in Conclusion. In a Maxim as follows: "Fortune cannot much harm him who has built his support more firmly upon virtue than upon chance." In a Contrast, as follows: "For if a person has not placed much hope in chance, what great harm can chance do to him?" In a Conclusion, as follows: "But if Fortune has her greatest power over those who have committed all their plans to chance, we should not entrust our all with her, lest she gain too great a domination over us." In these three types a compact style is so necessary for the force of the period that the orator's power seems inadequate if he fails to present the Maxim, Contrast, or Conclusion in a press of words. But in other cases as well it is often proper, although not imperative, to express certain thoughts by means of periods of this sort. We call Isocolon the figure comprised of cola (discussed above) which consist of a virtually equal number of syllables. To effect the isocolon we shall not count the syllables â for that is surely childish â but experience and practice will bring such a facility that by a sort of instinct we can produce again a colon of equal length to the one before it, as follows: "The father was meeting death in battle; the son was planning marriage at his home. These omens wrote grievous disasters." Again: "Another man's prosperity is the gift of fortune, but this man's good character has been won by hard work." 4.28. In this figure it may often happen that the number of syllables seems equal without being precisely so â as when one colon is shorter than the other by one or even two syllables, or when one colon contains more syllables, and the other contains one or more longer or fuller-sounding syllables, so that the length or fullness of sound of these matches and counterbalances the greater number of syllables in the other. The figure called Homoeoptoton occurs when in the same period two or more words appear in the same case, and with like termination, as follows: "Hominem laudem egentem virtutis, abundantem felicitatis?" Again: "Huic omnis in pecunia spes est, a sapientia est animus remotus; diligentia conparat divitias, neglegentia corrumpit animum, et tamen, cum ita vivit, neminem prae se ducit hominem." Homoeoteleuton occurs when the word endings are similar, although the words are indeclinable, as follows: "You dare to act dishonourably, you strive to talk despicably; you live hatefully, you sin zealously, you speak offensively." Again: "Blusteringly you threaten; cringingly you appease." These two figures, of which one depends on like word endings and the other on like case endings, are very much of a piece. And that is why those who use them well generally set them together in the same passage of a discourse. One should effect this in the following way: "Perditissima ratio est amorem petere, pudorem fugere, diligere formam, neglegere famam." Here the declinable words close with like case endings, and those lacking cases close with like terminations. 4.29. Paronomasia is the figure in which, by means of a modification in sound, or change of letters, a close resemblance to a given verb or noun is produced, so that similar words express dissimilar things. This is accomplished by many different methods: (1) by thinning or contracting the same letter, as follows: "Hic qui se magnifice iactat atque ostentat, venÄ«t antequam Romam venÄt;" (2) and by the reverse: "Hic quos homines alea vincÄt, eos ferro statim vincÄ«t;" (3) by lengthening the same letter, as follows: "Hinc Ävium dulcedo ducit ad Ävium;" (4) by shortening the same letter: "Hic, tametsi videtur esse honoris cupidus, tantum tamen cÅ«riam diligit quantum CÅriam?"; (5) by adding letters, as follows: "Hic sibi posset temperare, nisi amori mallet obtemperare"; (6) and now by omitting letters, as follows: "Si lenones vitasset tamquam leones, vitae tradidisset se"; (7) by transposing letters, as follows: "Videte, iudices, utrum homini navo an vano credere malitis"; (8) by changing letters, as follows: "Deligere oportet quem velis diligere." These are word-plays which depend on a slight change or lengthening or transposition of letters, and the like. 4.30. There are others also in which the words lack so close a resemblance, and yet are not dissimilar. Here is an example of one kind of such word-plays: "Quid veniam, qui sim, quem insimulem, cui prosim, quae postulem, brevi cognoscetis." For in this example there is a sort of resemblance among certain words, not so complete, to be sure, as in the instances above, yet sometimes serviceable. An example of another kind: "Demus operam, Quirites, ne omnino patres conscripti circumscripti putentur." In this paronomasia the resemblance is closer than in the preceding, yet is not so close as in those above, because some letters are added and some at the same time removed. There is a third form of paronomasia, depending on a change of case in one or more proper nouns. 4.31. In one noun, as follows: "Alexander of Macedon with consummate toil from boyhood trained his mind to virtue. Alexander's virtues have been broadcast with fame and glory throughout world. All men greatly feared Alexander, yet deeply loved him. Had longer life been granted Alexander, the Macedonian lances would have flown across the ocean." Here a single noun has been inflected, undergoing changes of case. Several different nouns, with change of case, will produce a paronomasia, as follows: "An undeserved death by violence prevented Tiberius Gracchus, while guiding the republic, from abiding longer therein. There befell Gaius Gracchus a like fate, which of a sudden tore from the bosom of the state a hero and staunch patriot. Saturninus, victim of his faith in wicked men, a treacherous crime deprived of life. O Drusus, your blood bespattered the walls of your home, and your mother's face. They were only now granting to Sulpicius every concession, yet soon they suffered him not to live, nor even to be buried." 4.32. These last three figures â the first based on like case inflections, the second on like word endings, and the third on paronomasia â are to be used very sparingly when we speak in an actual cause, because their invention seems impossible without labour and pains. Such endeavours, indeed, seem more suitable for a speech of entertainment than for use in an actual cause. Hence the speaker's credibility, impressiveness, and seriousness are lessened by crowding these figures together. Furthermore, apart from destroying the speaker's authority, such a style gives offence because these figures have grace and elegance, but not impressiveness and beauty. Thus the grand and beautiful can give pleasure for a long time, but the neat and graceful quickly sate the hearing, the most fastidious of the senses. If, then, we crowd these figures together, we shall seem to be taking delight in a childish style; but if we insert them infrequently and scatter them with variations throughout the whole discourse, we shall brighten our style agreeably with striking ornaments. |
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14. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 12.53.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures •gorgianic figures, parisosis Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 210 | 12.53.4. For he was the first to use the rather unusual and carefully devised structures of space, such as antithesis, sentences with equal members or balanced clauses or similar endings, and the like, all of which at that time was enthusiastically received because the advice was exotic, but is now looked upon as laboured and to be ridiculed when employed too frequently and tediously. |
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| 15. Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory, 9.3.77, 9.3.80, 9.3.91, 9.4.125, 9.4.127-9.4.128 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures, paromoiosis •gorgianic figures •gorgianic figures, antithesis •gorgianic figures, parisosis Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 203, 204, 206, 208 |
16. New Testament, Hebrews, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 3.1-4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 10.32, 10.33, 10.34, 10.35, 10.36, 10.37, 10.38, 10.39, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, 11.24, 11.25, 11.26, 11.27, 11.28, 11.29, 11.30, 11.31, 11.32, 11.33, 11.34, 11.35, 11.36, 11.37, 11.38, 11.39, 11.40, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 207, 217, 218| 1.1. ΠΟΛΥΜΕΡΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΩΣ πάλαι ὁ θεὸς λαλήσας τοῖς πατράσιν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις | 1.1. God, having in the past spoken to the fathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways, |
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| 17. Epigraphy, Ogis, 383 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 309, 310, 311; König and Wiater (2022) 309, 310, 311 |
| 18. Epigraphy, I. Thrac.Aeg., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Amendola (2022) 71 |
| 19. Hegesias of Magnesia, Fr., 10, 13 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Amendola (2022) 71 |
| 20. Scopelian of Clazomenae, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 1.55.5 = 1.21 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 21. Proclus of Naucratis, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.61.3 = 2.21 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 22. Herodes Atticus, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.18.3 = 2.1 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 23. Hadrian of Tyre, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.43.1 = 2.10 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 24. Gorgias of Leontini, Funeral Oration, None Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 293 |
| 25. Pollux of Naucratis, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.47.4= 2.12 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 280 |
| 26. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, De Compositione Verborum, 4.11, 18.26 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 296 |
| 27. Hegesias of Magnesia, Fgrh 142, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 296 |
| 28. Philostratus of Athens, Lives of The Sophists, Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: König and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 29. Scopelian of Clazomenae, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 1.55.5 = 1.21 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 30. Proclus of Naucratis, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.61.3 = 2.21 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 31. Herodes Atticus, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.18.3 = 2.1 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 32. Epigraphy, Seg, 26.821 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 305, 307; König and Wiater (2022) 305, 307 |
| 33. Hadrian of Tyre, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.43.1 = 2.10 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 34. Pollux of Naucratis, Ap. Philostr. Vs, 2.47.4= 2.12 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 280 |
| 35. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, De Compositione Verborum, 4.11, 18.26 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 296 |
| 36. Hegesias of Magnesia, Fgrh 142, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 295 |
| 37. Philostratus of Athens, Lives of The Sophists, Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 316 |
| 39. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Lys., 2-3 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 210 |
| 40. Heraclides Criticus, Fr., 1.4, 1.8-1.9 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures (γοργίεια ϲχήματα) Found in books: Amendola (2022) 70, 71 |
| 41. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Dem., 25 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures •gorgianic figures, parisosis Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 210 |
| 43. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Comp., 23, 33, 22 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 218 |
44. Strabo, Geography, 9.1.16, 14.1.41 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures •gorgianic figures (γοργίεια ϲχήματα) Found in books: Amendola (2022) 71; Konig and Wiater (2022) 291, 294; König and Wiater (2022) 291, 294 | 9.1.16. The city itself is a rock situated in a plain and surrounded by dwellings. On the rock is the sacred precinct of Athena, comprising both the old temple of Athena Polias, in which is the lamp that is never quenched, and the Parthenon built by Ictinus, in which is the work in ivory by Pheidias, the Athena. However, if I once began to describe the multitude of things in this city that are lauded and proclaimed far and wide, I fear that I should go too far, and that my work would depart from the purpose I have in view. For the words of Hegesias occur to me: I see the Acropolis, and the mark of the huge trident there. I see Eleusis, and I have become an initiate into its sacred mysteries; yonder is the Leocorium, here is the Theseium; I am unable to point them all out one by one; for Attica is the possession of the gods, who seized it as a sanctuary for themselves, and of the ancestral heroes. So this writer mentioned only one of the significant things on the Acropolis; but Polemon the Periegete wrote four books on the dedicatory offerings on the Acropolis alone. Hegesias is proportionately brief in referring to the other parts of the city and to the country; and though he mentions Eleusis, one of the one hundred and seventy demes (or one hundred and seventy-four, as the number is given), he names none of the others. 14.1.41. Well-known natives of Magnesia are: Hegesias the orator, who, more than any other, initiated the Asiatic style, as it is called, whereby he corrupted the established Attic custom; and Simus the melic poet, he too a man who corrupted the style handed down by the earlier melic poets and introduced the Simoedia, just as that style was corrupted still more by the Lysioedi and the Magoedi, and by Cleomachus the pugilist, who, having fallen in love with a certain cinaedus and with a young female slave who was kept as a prostitute by the cinaedus, imitated the style of dialects and mannerisms that was in vogue among the cinaedi. Sotades was the first man to write the talk of the cinaedi; and then Alexander the Aitolian. But though these two men imitated that talk in mere speech, Lysis accompanied it with song; and so did Simus, who was still earlier than he. As for Anaxenor, the citharoede, the theatres exalted him, but Antony exalted him all he possibly could, since he even appointed him exactor of tribute from four cities, giving him a body.guard of soldiers. Further, his native land greatly increased his honors, having clad him in purple as consecrated to Zeus Sosipolis, as is plainly indicated in his painted image in the market-place. And there is also a bronze statue of him in the theatre, with the inscription,Surely this is a beautiful thing, to listen to a singer such as this man is, like unto the gods in voice. But the engraver, missing his guess, left out the last letter of the second verse, the base of the statue not being wide enough for its inclusion; so that he laid the city open to the charge of ignorance, Because of the ambiguity of the writing, as to whether the last word should be taken as in the nominative case or in the dative; for many write the dative case without the iota, and even reject the ordinary usage as being without natural cause. |
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| 45. Epigraphy, Ig Xv, 2, 268, 42-43 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Amendola (2022) 71 |
| 46. Epigraphy, Ig, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 308, 309 |
| 47. Photius, Bibliotheca (Library, Bibl.), None Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures (γοργίεια ϲχήματα) Found in books: Amendola (2022) 71 |
| 48. Gorgias of Leontini, Funeral Oration, None Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures Found in books: Konig and Wiater (2022) 293 |
| 49. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Is., 19 Tagged with subjects: •gorgianic figures •gorgianic figures, parisosis Found in books: Martin and Whitlark (2018) 210 |
