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38 results for "four-element"
1. Homer, Odyssey, 8 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 80
2. Homer, Iliad, 1.68-1.71, 18.490-18.540 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 39, 153
1.68. ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη 1.69. Κάλχας Θεστορίδης οἰωνοπόλων ὄχʼ ἄριστος, 1.70. ὃς ᾔδη τά τʼ ἐόντα τά τʼ ἐσσόμενα πρό τʼ ἐόντα, 1.71. καὶ νήεσσʼ ἡγήσατʼ Ἀχαιῶν Ἴλιον εἴσω 18.490. ἐν δὲ δύω ποίησε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων 18.491. καλάς. ἐν τῇ μέν ῥα γάμοι τʼ ἔσαν εἰλαπίναι τε, 18.492. νύμφας δʼ ἐκ θαλάμων δαΐδων ὕπο λαμπομενάων 18.493. ἠγίνεον ἀνὰ ἄστυ, πολὺς δʼ ὑμέναιος ὀρώρει· 18.494. κοῦροι δʼ ὀρχηστῆρες ἐδίνεον, ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν 18.495. αὐλοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες 18.496. ἱστάμεναι θαύμαζον ἐπὶ προθύροισιν ἑκάστη. 18.497. λαοὶ δʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ ἔσαν ἀθρόοι· ἔνθα δὲ νεῖκος 18.498. ὠρώρει, δύο δʼ ἄνδρες ἐνείκεον εἵνεκα ποινῆς 18.499. ἀνδρὸς ἀποφθιμένου· ὃ μὲν εὔχετο πάντʼ ἀποδοῦναι 18.500. δήμῳ πιφαύσκων, ὃ δʼ ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι· 18.501. ἄμφω δʼ ἱέσθην ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσθαι. 18.502. λαοὶ δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἐπήπυον ἀμφὶς ἀρωγοί· 18.503. κήρυκες δʼ ἄρα λαὸν ἐρήτυον· οἳ δὲ γέροντες 18.504. εἵατʼ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοις ἱερῷ ἐνὶ κύκλῳ, 18.505. σκῆπτρα δὲ κηρύκων ἐν χέρσʼ ἔχον ἠεροφώνων· 18.506. τοῖσιν ἔπειτʼ ἤϊσσον, ἀμοιβηδὶς δὲ δίκαζον. 18.507. κεῖτο δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν μέσσοισι δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα, 18.508. τῷ δόμεν ὃς μετὰ τοῖσι δίκην ἰθύντατα εἴποι. 18.509. τὴν δʼ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν 18.510. τεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι· δίχα δέ σφισιν ἥνδανε βουλή, 18.511. ἠὲ διαπραθέειν ἢ ἄνδιχα πάντα δάσασθαι 18.512. κτῆσιν ὅσην πτολίεθρον ἐπήρατον ἐντὸς ἔεργεν· 18.513. οἳ δʼ οὔ πω πείθοντο, λόχῳ δʼ ὑπεθωρήσσοντο. 18.514. τεῖχος μέν ῥʼ ἄλοχοί τε φίλαι καὶ νήπια τέκνα 18.515. ῥύατʼ ἐφεσταότες, μετὰ δʼ ἀνέρες οὓς ἔχε γῆρας· 18.516. οἳ δʼ ἴσαν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν Ἄρης καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη 18.517. ἄμφω χρυσείω, χρύσεια δὲ εἵματα ἕσθην, 18.518. καλὼ καὶ μεγάλω σὺν τεύχεσιν, ὥς τε θεώ περ 18.519. ἀμφὶς ἀριζήλω· λαοὶ δʼ ὑπολίζονες ἦσαν. 18.520. οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι σφίσιν εἶκε λοχῆσαι 18.521. ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τʼ ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν, 18.522. ἔνθʼ ἄρα τοί γʼ ἵζοντʼ εἰλυμένοι αἴθοπι χαλκῷ. 18.523. τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε δύω σκοποὶ εἵατο λαῶν 18.524. δέγμενοι ὁππότε μῆλα ἰδοίατο καὶ ἕλικας βοῦς. 18.525. οἳ δὲ τάχα προγένοντο, δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες 18.526. τερπόμενοι σύριγξι· δόλον δʼ οὔ τι προνόησαν. 18.527. οἳ μὲν τὰ προϊδόντες ἐπέδραμον, ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα 18.528. τάμνοντʼ ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας καὶ πώεα καλὰ 18.529. ἀργεννέων οἰῶν, κτεῖνον δʼ ἐπὶ μηλοβοτῆρας. 18.530. οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐπύθοντο πολὺν κέλαδον παρὰ βουσὶν 18.531. εἰράων προπάροιθε καθήμενοι, αὐτίκʼ ἐφʼ ἵππων 18.532. βάντες ἀερσιπόδων μετεκίαθον, αἶψα δʼ ἵκοντο. 18.533. στησάμενοι δʼ ἐμάχοντο μάχην ποταμοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας, 18.534. βάλλον δʼ ἀλλήλους χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν. 18.535. ἐν δʼ Ἔρις ἐν δὲ Κυδοιμὸς ὁμίλεον, ἐν δʼ ὀλοὴ Κήρ, 18.536. ἄλλον ζωὸν ἔχουσα νεούτατον, ἄλλον ἄουτον, 18.537. ἄλλον τεθνηῶτα κατὰ μόθον ἕλκε ποδοῖιν· 18.538. εἷμα δʼ ἔχʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι δαφοινεὸν αἵματι φωτῶν. 18.539. ὡμίλευν δʼ ὥς τε ζωοὶ βροτοὶ ἠδʼ ἐμάχοντο, 18.540. νεκρούς τʼ ἀλλήλων ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας. 1.68. in hope that he may accept the savour of lambs and unblemished goats, and be willing to ward off the pestilence from us. 1.69. in hope that he may accept the savour of lambs and unblemished goats, and be willing to ward off the pestilence from us. When he had thus spoken he sat down, and among them arose Calchas son of Thestor, far the best of bird-diviners, who knew the things that were, and that were to be, and that had been before, 1.70. and who had guided the ships of the Achaeans to Ilios by his own prophetic powers which Phoebus Apollo had bestowed upon him. He with good intent addressed the gathering, and spoke among them:Achilles, dear to Zeus, you bid me declare the wrath of Apollo, the lord who strikes from afar. 1.71. and who had guided the ships of the Achaeans to Ilios by his own prophetic powers which Phoebus Apollo had bestowed upon him. He with good intent addressed the gathering, and spoke among them:Achilles, dear to Zeus, you bid me declare the wrath of Apollo, the lord who strikes from afar. 18.490. Therein fashioned he also two cities of mortal men exceeding fair. In the one there were marriages and feastings, and by the light of the blazing torches they were leading the brides from their bowers through the city, and loud rose the bridal song. And young men were whirling in the dance, and in their midst 18.491. Therein fashioned he also two cities of mortal men exceeding fair. In the one there were marriages and feastings, and by the light of the blazing torches they were leading the brides from their bowers through the city, and loud rose the bridal song. And young men were whirling in the dance, and in their midst 18.492. Therein fashioned he also two cities of mortal men exceeding fair. In the one there were marriages and feastings, and by the light of the blazing torches they were leading the brides from their bowers through the city, and loud rose the bridal song. And young men were whirling in the dance, and in their midst 18.493. Therein fashioned he also two cities of mortal men exceeding fair. In the one there were marriages and feastings, and by the light of the blazing torches they were leading the brides from their bowers through the city, and loud rose the bridal song. And young men were whirling in the dance, and in their midst 18.494. Therein fashioned he also two cities of mortal men exceeding fair. In the one there were marriages and feastings, and by the light of the blazing torches they were leading the brides from their bowers through the city, and loud rose the bridal song. And young men were whirling in the dance, and in their midst 18.495. flutes and lyres sounded continually; and there the women stood each before her door and marvelled. But the folk were gathered in the place of assembly; for there a strife had arisen, and two men were striving about the blood-price of a man slain; the one avowed that he had paid all, 18.496. flutes and lyres sounded continually; and there the women stood each before her door and marvelled. But the folk were gathered in the place of assembly; for there a strife had arisen, and two men were striving about the blood-price of a man slain; the one avowed that he had paid all, 18.497. flutes and lyres sounded continually; and there the women stood each before her door and marvelled. But the folk were gathered in the place of assembly; for there a strife had arisen, and two men were striving about the blood-price of a man slain; the one avowed that he had paid all, 18.498. flutes and lyres sounded continually; and there the women stood each before her door and marvelled. But the folk were gathered in the place of assembly; for there a strife had arisen, and two men were striving about the blood-price of a man slain; the one avowed that he had paid all, 18.499. flutes and lyres sounded continually; and there the women stood each before her door and marvelled. But the folk were gathered in the place of assembly; for there a strife had arisen, and two men were striving about the blood-price of a man slain; the one avowed that he had paid all, 18.500. declaring his cause to the people, but the other refused to accept aught; and each was fain to win the issue on the word of a daysman. Moreover, the folk were cheering both, shewing favour to this side and to that. And heralds held back the folk, and the elders were sitting upon polished stones in the sacred circle, 18.501. declaring his cause to the people, but the other refused to accept aught; and each was fain to win the issue on the word of a daysman. Moreover, the folk were cheering both, shewing favour to this side and to that. And heralds held back the folk, and the elders were sitting upon polished stones in the sacred circle, 18.502. declaring his cause to the people, but the other refused to accept aught; and each was fain to win the issue on the word of a daysman. Moreover, the folk were cheering both, shewing favour to this side and to that. And heralds held back the folk, and the elders were sitting upon polished stones in the sacred circle, 18.503. declaring his cause to the people, but the other refused to accept aught; and each was fain to win the issue on the word of a daysman. Moreover, the folk were cheering both, shewing favour to this side and to that. And heralds held back the folk, and the elders were sitting upon polished stones in the sacred circle, 18.504. declaring his cause to the people, but the other refused to accept aught; and each was fain to win the issue on the word of a daysman. Moreover, the folk were cheering both, shewing favour to this side and to that. And heralds held back the folk, and the elders were sitting upon polished stones in the sacred circle, 18.505. holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voiced heralds. Therewith then would they spring up and give judgment, each in turn. And in the midst lay two talents of gold, to be given to him whoso among them should utter the most righteous judgment.But around the other city lay in leaguer two hosts of warriors 18.506. holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voiced heralds. Therewith then would they spring up and give judgment, each in turn. And in the midst lay two talents of gold, to be given to him whoso among them should utter the most righteous judgment.But around the other city lay in leaguer two hosts of warriors 18.507. holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voiced heralds. Therewith then would they spring up and give judgment, each in turn. And in the midst lay two talents of gold, to be given to him whoso among them should utter the most righteous judgment.But around the other city lay in leaguer two hosts of warriors 18.508. holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voiced heralds. Therewith then would they spring up and give judgment, each in turn. And in the midst lay two talents of gold, to be given to him whoso among them should utter the most righteous judgment.But around the other city lay in leaguer two hosts of warriors 18.509. holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voiced heralds. Therewith then would they spring up and give judgment, each in turn. And in the midst lay two talents of gold, to be given to him whoso among them should utter the most righteous judgment.But around the other city lay in leaguer two hosts of warriors 18.510. gleaming in armour. And twofold plans found favour with them, either to lay waste the town or to divide in portions twain all the substance that the lovely city contained within. Howbeit the besieged would nowise hearken thereto, but were arming to meet the foe in an ambush. The wall were their dear wives and little children guarding, 18.511. gleaming in armour. And twofold plans found favour with them, either to lay waste the town or to divide in portions twain all the substance that the lovely city contained within. Howbeit the besieged would nowise hearken thereto, but were arming to meet the foe in an ambush. The wall were their dear wives and little children guarding, 18.512. gleaming in armour. And twofold plans found favour with them, either to lay waste the town or to divide in portions twain all the substance that the lovely city contained within. Howbeit the besieged would nowise hearken thereto, but were arming to meet the foe in an ambush. The wall were their dear wives and little children guarding, 18.513. gleaming in armour. And twofold plans found favour with them, either to lay waste the town or to divide in portions twain all the substance that the lovely city contained within. Howbeit the besieged would nowise hearken thereto, but were arming to meet the foe in an ambush. The wall were their dear wives and little children guarding, 18.514. gleaming in armour. And twofold plans found favour with them, either to lay waste the town or to divide in portions twain all the substance that the lovely city contained within. Howbeit the besieged would nowise hearken thereto, but were arming to meet the foe in an ambush. The wall were their dear wives and little children guarding, 18.515. as they stood thereon, and therewithal the men that were holden of old age; but the rest were faring forth, led of Ares and Pallas Athene, both fashioned in gold, and of gold was the raiment wherewith they were clad. Goodly were they and tall in their harness, as beseemeth gods, clear to view amid the rest, and the folk at their feet were smaller. 18.516. as they stood thereon, and therewithal the men that were holden of old age; but the rest were faring forth, led of Ares and Pallas Athene, both fashioned in gold, and of gold was the raiment wherewith they were clad. Goodly were they and tall in their harness, as beseemeth gods, clear to view amid the rest, and the folk at their feet were smaller. 18.517. as they stood thereon, and therewithal the men that were holden of old age; but the rest were faring forth, led of Ares and Pallas Athene, both fashioned in gold, and of gold was the raiment wherewith they were clad. Goodly were they and tall in their harness, as beseemeth gods, clear to view amid the rest, and the folk at their feet were smaller. 18.518. as they stood thereon, and therewithal the men that were holden of old age; but the rest were faring forth, led of Ares and Pallas Athene, both fashioned in gold, and of gold was the raiment wherewith they were clad. Goodly were they and tall in their harness, as beseemeth gods, clear to view amid the rest, and the folk at their feet were smaller. 18.519. as they stood thereon, and therewithal the men that were holden of old age; but the rest were faring forth, led of Ares and Pallas Athene, both fashioned in gold, and of gold was the raiment wherewith they were clad. Goodly were they and tall in their harness, as beseemeth gods, clear to view amid the rest, and the folk at their feet were smaller. 18.520. But when they were come to the place where it seemed good unto them to set their ambush, in a river-bed where was a watering-place for all herds alike, there they sate them down, clothed about with flaming bronze. Thereafter were two scouts set by them apart from the host, waiting till they should have sight of the sheep and sleek cattle. 18.521. But when they were come to the place where it seemed good unto them to set their ambush, in a river-bed where was a watering-place for all herds alike, there they sate them down, clothed about with flaming bronze. Thereafter were two scouts set by them apart from the host, waiting till they should have sight of the sheep and sleek cattle. 18.522. But when they were come to the place where it seemed good unto them to set their ambush, in a river-bed where was a watering-place for all herds alike, there they sate them down, clothed about with flaming bronze. Thereafter were two scouts set by them apart from the host, waiting till they should have sight of the sheep and sleek cattle. 18.523. But when they were come to the place where it seemed good unto them to set their ambush, in a river-bed where was a watering-place for all herds alike, there they sate them down, clothed about with flaming bronze. Thereafter were two scouts set by them apart from the host, waiting till they should have sight of the sheep and sleek cattle. 18.524. But when they were come to the place where it seemed good unto them to set their ambush, in a river-bed where was a watering-place for all herds alike, there they sate them down, clothed about with flaming bronze. Thereafter were two scouts set by them apart from the host, waiting till they should have sight of the sheep and sleek cattle. 18.525. And these came presently, and two herdsmen followed with them playing upon pipes; and of the guile wist they not at all. 18.526. And these came presently, and two herdsmen followed with them playing upon pipes; and of the guile wist they not at all. 18.527. And these came presently, and two herdsmen followed with them playing upon pipes; and of the guile wist they not at all. 18.528. And these came presently, and two herdsmen followed with them playing upon pipes; and of the guile wist they not at all. 18.529. And these came presently, and two herdsmen followed with them playing upon pipes; and of the guile wist they not at all. But the liers-in-wait, when they saw these coming on, rushed forth against them and speedily cut off the herds of cattle and fair flocks of white-fleeced sheep, and slew the herdsmen withal. 18.530. But the besiegers, as they sat before the places of gathering and heard much tumult among the kine, mounted forthwith behind their high-stepping horses, and set out thitherward, and speedily came upon them. Then set they their battle in array and fought beside the river banks, and were ever smiting one another with bronze-tipped spears. 18.531. But the besiegers, as they sat before the places of gathering and heard much tumult among the kine, mounted forthwith behind their high-stepping horses, and set out thitherward, and speedily came upon them. Then set they their battle in array and fought beside the river banks, and were ever smiting one another with bronze-tipped spears. 18.532. But the besiegers, as they sat before the places of gathering and heard much tumult among the kine, mounted forthwith behind their high-stepping horses, and set out thitherward, and speedily came upon them. Then set they their battle in array and fought beside the river banks, and were ever smiting one another with bronze-tipped spears. 18.533. But the besiegers, as they sat before the places of gathering and heard much tumult among the kine, mounted forthwith behind their high-stepping horses, and set out thitherward, and speedily came upon them. Then set they their battle in array and fought beside the river banks, and were ever smiting one another with bronze-tipped spears. 18.534. But the besiegers, as they sat before the places of gathering and heard much tumult among the kine, mounted forthwith behind their high-stepping horses, and set out thitherward, and speedily came upon them. Then set they their battle in array and fought beside the river banks, and were ever smiting one another with bronze-tipped spears. 18.535. And amid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, and deadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded, another without a wound, and another she dragged dead through the mellay by the feet; and the raiment that she had about her shoulders was red with the blood of men. Even as living mortals joined they in the fray and fought; 18.536. And amid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, and deadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded, another without a wound, and another she dragged dead through the mellay by the feet; and the raiment that she had about her shoulders was red with the blood of men. Even as living mortals joined they in the fray and fought; 18.537. And amid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, and deadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded, another without a wound, and another she dragged dead through the mellay by the feet; and the raiment that she had about her shoulders was red with the blood of men. Even as living mortals joined they in the fray and fought; 18.538. And amid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, and deadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded, another without a wound, and another she dragged dead through the mellay by the feet; and the raiment that she had about her shoulders was red with the blood of men. Even as living mortals joined they in the fray and fought; 18.539. And amid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, and deadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded, another without a wound, and another she dragged dead through the mellay by the feet; and the raiment that she had about her shoulders was red with the blood of men. Even as living mortals joined they in the fray and fought; 18.540. and they were haling away each the bodies of the others' slain.Therein he set also soft fallow-land, rich tilth and wide, that was three times ploughed; and ploughers full many therein were wheeling their yokes and driving them this way and that. And whensoever after turning they came to the headland of the field,
3. Theognis, Elegies, 1.192 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 56
4. Metrodorus, Fragments, 37 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 39
5. Epicharmus, Fragments, 1-3 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
6. Empedocles, Fragments, b17.7-8, b17.19, b109.3, b115.14, a6, d2-10, b105 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 56
7. Metrodorus, Fragments, 37 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 39
8. Aristotle, Metaphysics, 983b, a3 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 66
9. Theocritus, Idylls, 1 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 79
10. Metrodorus of Scepsis, Fragments, 37 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 39
11. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, 1.19 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 75
1.19. sed alii in corde, alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum; animum autem alii animam, ut fere nostri— declarat nomen: ut fere nostri declarant nomen. nam W corr. Dav. declarant nomina Sey. nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus et animosos et bene animatos et ex animi sententia; ipse autem animus ab anima dictus est—; Zenoni Zeno fr. 134. Stoico animus ignis videtur. sed haec quidem quae dixi, cor, cerebrum, animam, ignem volgo, reliqua fere singuli. ut multo multo Bentl. multi cf. Lact. inst. 7, 13, 9 opif. 16, 13 ante veteres, proxime autem Aristoxenus, musicus idemque philosophus, ipsius corporis intentionem quandam, velut in cantu et fidibus quae a(rmoni/a armonia W cf. I 24.41 dicitur: sic ex corporis totius natura et figura varios motus cieri tamquam in cantu sonos.
12. Philodemus, Epigrams, 22 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 149
13. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.430-1.433, 14.791-14.795, 15.237 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 149, 150
1.430. Quippe ubi temperiem sumpsere umorque calorque, 1.431. concipiunt, et ab his oriuntur cuncta duobus; 1.432. cumque sit ignis aquae pugnax, vapor umidus omnes 1.433. res creat, et discors concordia fetibus apta est. 14.791. lurida supponunt fecundo sulphura fonti 14.792. incenduntque cavas fumante bitumine venas. 14.793. Viribus his aliisque vapor penetravit ad ima 14.794. fontis, et Alpino modo quae certare rigori 14.795. audebatis aquae, non ceditis ignibus ipsis! 15.237. Haec quoque non perstant, quae nos elementa vocamus, 1.430. one helpless woman left of myriads lone, 1.431. both innocent and worshiping the Gods, 1.432. he scattered all the clouds; he blew away 1.433. the great storms by the cold northwind. 14.791. their wood was changed to flesh, the curving prow 14.792. were metamorphosed into human heads, 14.793. blades of the oars made feet, the looms were changed 14.794. to swimming legs, the sides turned human flanks, 14.795. each keel below the middle of a ship 15.237. Whether the funeral pile consumes your flesh
14. Ovid, Fasti, 1.267-1.272, 1.370, 1.372, 3.293, 3.300, 3.306-3.307, 3.320, 3.323, 3.354, 3.369, 3.373-3.379, 3.697-3.710, 4.783-4.806, 4.855-4.858, 5.573-5.577, 6.349-6.394, 6.417-6.436, 6.465-6.468 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 150, 152, 153, 156
1.267. cum tanto veritus committere numine pugnam 1.268. ipse meae movi callidus artis opus, 1.269. oraque, qua pollens ope sum, fontana reclusi 1.270. sumque repentinas eiaculatus aquas; 1.271. ante tamen madidis subieci sulphura venis, 1.272. clauderet ut Tatio fervidus humor iter. 1.370. impediant geminas vincula firma manus.’ 1.372. alligat aequorei brachia capta senis, 3.293. nec sine vi tradent: adhibe tu vincula captis.’ 3.300. huc venit et fonti rex Numa mactat ovem, 3.306. vinclaque sopitas addit in arta manus, 3.307. somnus ut abscessit, pugdo vincula temptant 3.320. deme tamen nobis vincula, Picus ait: 3.323. emissi laqueis quid agant, quae carmina dicant, 3.354. Iuppiter imperii pignora certa dabit.’ 3.369. ter tonuit sine nube deus, tria fulmina misit. 3.373. ecce levi scutum versatum leniter aura 3.374. decidit, a populo clamor ad astra venit. 3.375. tollit humo munus caesa prius ille iuvenca, 3.376. quae dederat nulli colla premenda iugo, 3.377. idque ancile vocat, quod ab omni parte recisum est, 3.378. quemque notes oculis, angulus omnis abest, 3.379. tum, memor imperii sortem consistere in illo, 3.697. praeteriturus eram gladios in principe fixos, 3.698. cum sic a castis Vesta locuta focis: 3.699. ‘ne dubita meminisse: meus fuit ille sacerdos, 3.700. sacrilegae telis me petiere manus. 3.701. ipsa virum rapui simulacraque nuda reliqui: 3.702. quae cecidit ferro, Caesaris umbra fuit.’ 3.703. ille quidem caelo positus Iovis atria vidit 3.704. et tenet in magno templa dicata foro. 3.705. at quicumque nefas ausi, prohibente deorum 3.706. numine, polluerant pontificale caput, 3.707. morte iacent merita, testes estote Philippi, 3.708. et quorum sparsis ossibus albet humus, 3.709. hoc opus, haec pietas, haec prima elementa fuerunt 3.710. Caesaris, ulcisci iusta per arma patrem. 4.783. expositus mos est: moris mihi restat origo: 4.784. turba facit dubium coeptaque nostra tenet. 4.785. omnia purgat edax ignis vitiumque metallis 4.786. excoquit: idcirco cum duce purgat ovis. 4.787. an, quia cunctarum contraria semina rerum 4.788. sunt duo discordes, ignis et unda, dei, 4.789. iunxerunt elementa patres aptumque putarunt 4.790. ignibus et sparsa tangere corpus aqua? 4.791. an, quod in his vitae causa est, haec perdidit exul, 4.792. his nova fit coniunx, haec duo magna putant? 4.793. vix equidem credo: sunt qui Phaethonta referri 4.794. credant et nimias Deucalionis aquas. 4.795. pars quoque, cum saxis pastores saxa feribant, 4.796. scintillam subito prosiluisse ferunt; 4.797. prima quidem periit, stipulis excepta secunda est: 4.798. hoc argumentum flamma Parilis habet? 4.799. an magis hunc morem pietas Aeneia fecit, 4.800. innocuum victo cui dedit ignis iter? 4.801. num tamen est vero propius, cum condita Roma est, 4.802. transferri iussos in nova tecta Lares 4.803. mutantesque domum tectis agrestibus ignem 4.804. et cessaturae supposuisse casae, 4.805. per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos? 4.806. quod fit natali nunc quoque, Roma, tuo. 4.857. urbs oritur (quis tunc hoc ulli credere posset?) 4.858. victorem terris impositura pedem, 5.573. ‘si mihi bellandi pater est Vestaeque sacerdos 5.574. auctor, et ulcisci numen utrumque paro: 5.575. Mars, ades et satia scelerato sanguine ferrum, 5.576. stetque favor causa pro meliore tuus. 5.577. templa feres et, me victore, vocaberis Ultor.’ 6.349. Nomine quam pretio celebratior arce Totis, 6.350. dicam, Pistoris quid velit ara Iovis. 6.351. cincta premebantur trucibus Capitolia Gallis: 6.352. fecerat obsidio iam diuturna famem. 6.353. Iuppiter ad solium superis regale vocatis 6.354. incipe! ait Marti, protinus ille refert: 6.355. ‘scilicet ignotum est, quae sit fortuna meorum, 6.356. et dolor hic animi voce querentis eget. 6.357. si tamen, ut referam breviter mala iuncta pudori, 6.358. exigis: Alpino Roma sub hoste iacet. 6.359. haec est, cui fuerat promissa potentia rerum. 6.360. Iuppiter? hanc terris impositurus eras? 6.361. iamque suburbanos Etruscaque contudit arma, 6.362. spes erat in cursu: nunc lare pulsa suo est. 6.363. vidimus ornatos aerata per atria picta 6.364. veste triumphales occubuisse senes: 6.365. vidimus Iliacae transferri pignora Vestae 6.366. sede: putant aliquos scilicet esse deos. 6.367. at si respicerent, qua vos habitatis in arce, 6.368. totque domos vestras obsidione premi, 6.369. nil opis in cura scirent superesse deorum 6.370. et data sollicita tura perire manu. 6.371. atque utinam pugnae pateat locus! arma capessant 6.372. et, si non poterunt exsuperare, cadant, 6.373. nunc inopes victus ignavaque fata timentes 6.374. monte suo clausos barbara turba premit.’ 6.375. tunc Venus et lituo pulcher trabeaque Quirinus 6.376. Vestaque pro Latio multa locuta suo est. 6.377. publica respondit cura est pro moenibus istis, 6.378. Iuppiter ‘et poenas Gallia victa dabit, 6.379. tu modo, quae desunt fruges, superesse putentur 6.380. effice, nec sedes desere, Vesta, tuas. 6.381. quodcumque est solidae Cereris, cava machina frangat, 6.382. mollitamque manu duret in igne focus.’ 6.383. iusserat, et fratris virgo Saturnia iussis 6.384. annuit, et mediae tempora noctis erant, 6.385. iam ducibus somnum dederat labor: increpat illos 6.386. Iuppiter et sacro, quid velit, ore docet: 6.387. ‘surgite et in medios de summis arcibus hostes 6.388. mittite, quam minime tradere voltis, opem!’ 6.389. somnus abit, quaeruntque novis ambagibus acti, 6.390. tradere quam nolint et iubeantur opem. 6.391. esse Ceres visa est; iaciunt Cerealia dona, 6.392. iacta super galeas scutaque longa sot, 6.393. posse fame vinci spes excidit, hoste repulso 6.394. candida Pistori ponitur ara Iovi. 6.417. Cetera iam pridem didici puerilibus annis, 6.418. non tamen idcirco praetereunda mihi. 6.419. moenia Dardanides nuper nova fecerat Ilus 6.420. (Ilus adhuc Asiae dives habebat opes): 6.421. creditur armiferae signum caeleste Minervae 6.422. urbis in Iliacae desiluisse iuga. 6.423. cura videre fuit, vidi templumque locumque: 6.424. hoc superest illic, Pallada Roma tenet. 6.425. consulitur Smintheus lucoque obscurus opaco 6.426. hos non mentito reddidit ore sonos: 6.427. ‘aetheriam servate deam, servabitis urbem: 6.428. imperium secum transferet illa loci.’ 6.429. servat et inclusam summa tenet Ilus in arce, 6.430. curaque ad heredem Laomedonta redit, 6.431. sub Priamo servata parum: sic ipsa volebat, 6.432. ex quo iudicio forma revicta sua est. 6.433. seu genus Adrasti, seu furtis aptus Ulixes, 6.434. seu pius Aeneas eripuisset eam, 6.435. auctor in incerto, res est Romana: tuetur 6.436. Vesta, quod assiduo lumine cuncta videt, 6.465. Crassus ad Euphraten aquilas natumque suosque 6.466. perdidit et leto est ultimus ipse datus. 6.467. Parthe, quid exultas? dixit dea ‘signa remittes, 6.468. quique necem Crassi vindicet, ultor erit.’ 1.267. Fearing to engage in battle with so powerful a goddess, 1.268. I cunningly employed an example of my own art, 1.269. And by my power I opened the mouths of the springs, 1.270. And suddenly let loose the pent-up waters: 1.271. But first I threw sulphur intro the watery channels, 1.272. So boiling liquid would close off that path to Tatius. 1.370. Entangle both his hands with strong fastenings.’ 1.372. And bound the arms of that Old Man of the Sea. 3.293. And she revealed the arts by which they could be caught. 3.300. And set out cups filled with fragrant wine. 3.306. When sleep vanished, they fought and tried to burst 3.307. Their bonds, which grew tighter the more they struggled. 3.320. ‘Jupiter will arrive here, drawn by powerful art. 3.323. From the snare, or what spells they spoke, or by what art 3.354. The left, doubtful, considering it long to wait, 3.369. From cloudless air, believe what I say, wonderful but true. 3.373. The sound of the crowd’s shouting reached the stars. 3.374. The king first sacrificed a heifer that had never known 3.375. The yoke, then raised the gift from the ground, 3.376. And called it ancile, because it was cut away (recisum) 3.377. All round, and there wasn’t a single angle to note. 3.378. Then, remembering the empire’s fate was involved, 3.379. He thought of a very cunning idea. 3.697. Our leader, when Vesta spoke from her pure hearth: 3.698. Don’t hesitate to recall them: he was my priest, 3.699. And those sacrilegious hands sought me with their blades. 3.700. I snatched him away, and left a naked semblance: 3.701. What died by the steel, was Caesar’s shadow.’ 3.702. Raised to the heavens he found Jupiter’s halls, 3.703. And his is the temple in the mighty Forum. 3.704. But all the daring criminals who in defiance 3.705. of the gods, defiled the high priest’s head, 3.706. Have fallen in merited death. Philippi is witness, 3.707. And those whose scattered bones whiten its earth. 3.708. This work, this duty, was Augustus’ first task, 3.709. Avenging his father by the just use of arms. 3.710. When the next dawn has revived the tender grass, 4.783. I’ve set forth the custom: I must still tell of its origin: 4.784. But many explanations cause me doubt, and hold me back. 4.785. Greedy fire devours all things, and melts away the dro 4.786. From metals: the same method cleans shepherd and sheep? 4.787. Or is it because all things are formed 4.788. of two opposing powers, fire and water, 4.789. And our ancestors joined these elements, and thought fit 4.790. To touch their bodies with fire and sprinkled water? 4.791. Or did they think the two so powerful, because they contain 4.792. The source of life: denied to the exile, it makes the new bride? 4.793. I can scarce believe it, but some consider it refer 4.794. To Phaethon, and to Deucalion’s flood. 4.795. Some say, too, that once when shepherds struck 4.796. Stones together, a spark suddenly leapt out: 4.797. The first died, but the second set fire to straw: 4.798. Is that the basis for the fires of the Parilia? 4.799. Or is the custom due rather to Aeneas’ piety, 4.800. To whom the fire gave safe passage, in defeat? 4.801. Or is this nearer the truth, that when Rome was founded, 4.802. They were commanded to move the Lares to their new homes, 4.803. And changing homes the farmers set fire to the houses, 4.804. And to the cottages, they were about to abandon, 4.805. They and their cattle leaping through the flames, 4.806. As happens even now on Rome’s birthday? 4.857. To plant its victorious foot upon all the lands. 4.858. Rule all, and be ever subject to mighty Caesar, 5.573. Loyal troops standing here, conspirators over there, 5.574. He stretched his hand out, and spoke these words: 5.575. ‘If the death of my ‘father’ Julius, priest of Vesta, 5.576. Gives due cause for this war, if I avenge for both, 5.577. Come, Mars, and stain the sword with evil blood, 6.349. I’ll explain the meaning of an altar of Jove the Baker 6.350. That stands on the Thunderer’s citadel, more famou 6.351. For name than worth. The Capitol was surrounded 6.352. By fierce Gauls: the siege had already caused a famine. 6.353. Summoning the gods to his royal throne, 6.354. Jupiter said to Mars: ‘Begin!’ and he quickly replied: 6.355. ‘My people’s plight is surely unknown, 6.356. A grief that needs a voice of heartfelt complaint. 6.357. But if I’m to tell a sad and shameful tale in brief, 6.358. Rome lies under the feet of an Alpine enemy. 6.359. Jupiter, is this the Rome that was promised power 6.360. Over the world! Rome, the mistress of the earth? 6.361. She’d crushed the neighbouring cities, and the Etruscans: 6.362. Hope was rampant: now she’s driven from her home. 6.363. We’ve seen old men, dressed in embroidered robe 6.364. of triumph, murdered in their bronze-clad halls: 6.365. We’ve seen Ilian Vesta’s sacred pledges hurried 6.366. From their place: some clearly think of the gods. 6.367. But if they look back at the citadel you hold, 6.368. And see so many of your homes under siege, 6.369. They’ll think worship of the gods is vain, 6.370. And incense from a fearful hand thrown away. 6.371. If only they’d an open field of battle! Let them arm, 6.372. And if they can’t be victorious, let them die. 6.373. Now without food, and dreading a cowardly death, 6.374. They’re penned on their hill, pressed by a barbarous mob.’ 6.375. Then Venus, and Vesta, and glorious Quirinus with auger’s staff 6.376. And striped gown, pleaded on behalf of their Latium. 6.377. Jupiter replied: ‘There’s a common concern for those walls. 6.378. And the Gauls will be defeated and receive punishment. 6.379. But you, Vesta, mustn’t leave your place, and see to it 6.380. That the bread that’s lacking be considered plentiful. 6.381. Let whatever grain is left be ground in a hollow mill, 6.382. Kneaded by hand, and then baked in a hot oven.’ 6.383. He gave his orders, and Saturn’s virgin daughter 6.384. Obeyed his command, as the hour reached midnight. 6.385. Now sleep had overcome the weary leaders: Jupiter 6.386. Rebuked them, and spoke his wishes from holy lips: 6.387. ‘Rise, and from the heights of the citadel, throw down 6.388. Among the enemy, the last thing you’d wish to yield!’ 6.389. They shook off sleep, and troubled by the strange command, 6.390. Asked themselves what they must yield, unwillingly. 6.391. It seemed it must be bread: They threw down the gift 6.392. of Ceres, clattering on the enemy helms and shields. 6.393. The expectation that they could be starved out vanished. 6.394. The foe was repulsed, and a bright altar raised to Jove the Baker. 6.417. I’d already heard the rest of the tale in boyhood, 6.418. But I won’t pass over it in silence on that account. 6.419. Ilus, scion of Dardanus, had founded a new city 6.420. (Ilus was still rich, holding the wealth of Asia) 6.421. A sky-born image of armed Minerva was said 6.422. To have fallen on the hillside near to Troy. 6.423. (I was anxious to see it: I saw the temple and the site, 6.424. That’s all that’s left there: Rome has the Palladium.) 6.425. Apollo Smintheus was consulted, and gave this answer 6.426. From truthful lips, in the darkness of his shadowy grove: 6.427. ‘Preserve the heavenly goddess, and preserve 6.428. The City: with her goes the capital of empire.’ 6.429. Ilus preserved her, closed in the heights of the citadel. 6.430. The care of it descended to his heir Laomedon. 6.431. Priam failed to take like care: so Pallas wished it, 6.432. Judgement having gone against her beauty. 6.433. They say it was stolen, whether by Diomede, 6.434. Or cunning Ulysses, or taken by Aeneas: 6.435. The agent’s unknown, but the thing’s in Rome: 6.436. Vesta guards it: who sees all things by her unfailing light. 6.465. Crassus, near the Euphrates, lost the eagles, his army, 6.466. And his son, and at the end himself as well. 6.467. The goddess said: ‘Parthians, why exult? You’ll send 6.468. The standards back, a Caesar will avenge Crassus’ death.’
15. Vergil, Eclogues, 1.6-1.8, 1.16-1.17, 1.40-1.41, 3.60-3.63, 3.104-3.107, 5.56-5.80, 6.19, 6.31-6.40, 9.32-9.36, 9.46-9.50 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 64, 72, 152
1.6. it careless in the shade, and, at your call, 1.7. “Fair Amaryllis” bid the woods resound. TITYRUS 1.8. O Meliboeus, 'twas a god vouchsafed 1.40. I serve but Amaryllis: for I will own, 1.41. while Galatea reigned over me, I had 3.60. have I set lip to them, but lay them by. 5.60. in summer's heat. Nor on the reeds alone, 5.61. but with thy voice art thou, thrice happy boy, 5.74. Wherefore the woods and fields, Pan, shepherd-folk, 5.75. and Dryad-maidens, thrill with eager joy; 6.19. ilenus sleeping, flushed, as was his wont, 6.31. and crying, “Why tie the fetters? loose me, boys; 6.32. enough for you to think you had the power; 6.33. now list the songs you wish for—songs for you, 6.34. another meed for her”—forthwith began. 6.35. Then might you see the wild things of the wood, 6.36. with Fauns in sportive frolic beat the time, 6.37. and stubborn oaks their branchy summits bow. 6.38. Not Phoebus doth the rude Parnassian crag 6.39. o ravish, nor Orpheus so entrance the height 6.40. of Rhodope or Ismarus: for he sang 9.32. to Amaryllis wending, our hearts' joy?— 9.33. “While I am gone, 'tis but a little way, 9.34. feed, Tityrus, my goats, and, having fed, 9.35. drive to the drinking-pool, and, as you drive, 9.36. beware the he-goat; with his horn he butts.“ MOERIS 9.46. for naught of mine, or worthy Varius yet 9.47. or Cinna deem I, but account myself 9.48. a cackling goose among melodious swans. MOERIS 9.49. 'Twas in my thought to do so, Lycidas; 9.50. even now was I revolving silently
16. Vergil, Aeneis, 6.723-6.751, 8.427, 8.630-8.728, 12.107 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 66, 78, 82, 153
6.723. suscipit Anchises, atque ordine singula pandit. 6.724. Principio caelum ac terras camposque liquentis 6.725. lucentemque globum Lunae Titaniaque astra 6.726. spiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artus 6.727. mens agitat molem et magno se corpore miscet. 6.728. Inde hominum pecudumque genus, vitaeque volantum, 6.729. et quae marmoreo fert monstra sub aequore pontus. 6.730. Igneus est ollis vigor et caelestis origo 6.731. seminibus, quantum non noxia corpora tardant, 6.732. terrenique hebetant artus moribundaque membra. 6.733. Hinc metuunt cupiuntque, dolent gaudentque, neque auras 6.734. dispiciunt clausae tenebris et carcere caeco. 6.735. Quin et supremo cum lumine vita reliquit, 6.736. non tamen omne malum miseris nec funditus omnes 6.737. corporeae excedunt pestes, penitusque necesse est 6.738. multa diu concreta modis inolescere miris. 6.739. Ergo exercentur poenis, veterumque malorum 6.740. supplicia expendunt: aliae panduntur ies 6.741. suspensae ad ventos; aliis sub gurgite vasto 6.742. infectum eluitur scelus, aut exuritur igni; 6.743. quisque suos patimur Manes; exinde per amplum 6.744. mittimur Elysium, et pauci laeta arva tenemus; 6.745. donec longa dies, perfecto temporis orbe, 6.746. concretam exemit labem, purumque relinquit 6.747. aetherium sensum atque auraï simplicis ignem. 6.748. Has omnes, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos, 6.749. Lethaeum ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno, 6.750. scilicet immemores supera ut convexa revisant, 6.751. rursus et incipiant in corpora velle reverti. 8.427. fulmen erat, toto genitor quae plurima caelo 8.630. Fecerat et viridi fetam Mavortis in antro 8.631. procubuisse lupam, geminos huic ubera circum 8.632. ludere pendentis pueros et lambere matrem 8.633. impavidos, illam tereti cervice reflexa 8.634. mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua. 8.635. Nec procul hinc Romam et raptas sine more Sabinas 8.636. consessu caveae magnis circensibus actis 8.637. addiderat subitoque novum consurgere bellum 8.638. Romulidis Tatioque seni Curibusque severis. 8.639. Post idem inter se posito certamine reges 8.640. armati Iovis ante aram paterasque tenentes 8.641. stabant et caesa iungebant foedera porca. 8.642. Haud procul inde citae Mettum in diversa quadrigae 8.643. distulerant, at tu dictis, Albane, maneres, 8.644. raptabatque viri mendacis viscera Tullus 8.645. per silvam, et sparsi rorabant sanguine vepres. 8.646. Nec non Tarquinium eiectum Porsenna iubebat 8.647. accipere ingentique urbem obsidione premebat: 8.648. Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant. 8.649. Illum indigti similem similemque miti 8.650. aspiceres, pontem auderet quia vellere Cocles 8.651. et fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis. 8.652. In summo custos Tarpeiae Manlius arcis 8.653. stabat pro templo et Capitolia celsa tenebat, 8.654. Romuleoque recens horrebat regia culmo. 8.655. Atque hic auratis volitans argenteus anser 8.656. porticibus Gallos in limine adesse canebat. 8.657. Galli per dumos aderant arcemque tenebant, 8.658. defensi tenebris et dono noctis opacae: 8.659. aurea caesaries ollis atque aurea vestis, 8.660. virgatis lucent sagulis, tum lactea colla 8.661. auro innectuntur, duo quisque Alpina coruscant 8.662. gaesa manu, scutis protecti corpora longis. 8.663. Hic exsultantis Salios nudosque Lupercos 8.664. lanigerosque apices et lapsa ancilia caelo 8.665. extuderat, castae ducebant sacra per urbem 8.666. pilentis matres in mollibus. Hinc procul addit 8.667. Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis, 8.668. et scelerum poenas et te, Catilina, minaci 8.669. pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem, 8.670. secretosque pios, his dantem iura Catonem. 8.671. Haec inter tumidi late maris ibat imago 8.672. aurea, sed fluctu spumabant caerula cano; 8.673. et circum argento clari delphines in orbem 8.674. aequora verrebant caudis aestumque secabant. 8.675. In medio classis aeratas, Actia bella, 8.676. cernere erat, totumque instructo Marte videres 8.677. fervere Leucaten auroque effulgere fluctus. 8.678. Hinc Augustus agens Italos in proelia Caesar 8.679. cum patribus populoque, penatibus et magnis dis, 8.680. stans celsa in puppi; geminas cui tempora flammas 8.681. laeta vomunt patriumque aperitur vertice sidus. 8.682. Parte alia ventis et dis Agrippa secundis 8.683. arduus agmen agens; cui, belli insigne superbum, 8.684. tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona. 8.685. Hinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis, 8.686. victor ab Aurorae populis et litore rubro, 8.687. Aegyptum viresque Orientis et ultima secum 8.688. Bactra vehit, sequiturque (nefas) Aegyptia coniunx. 8.689. Una omnes ruere, ac totum spumare reductis 8.690. convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor. 8.691. alta petunt: pelago credas innare revolsas 8.692. Cycladas aut montis concurrere montibus altos, 8.693. tanta mole viri turritis puppibus instant. 8.694. stuppea flamma manu telisque volatile ferrum 8.695. spargitur, arva nova Neptunia caede rubescunt. 8.696. Regina in mediis patrio vocat agmina sistro 8.697. necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit anguis. 8.698. omnigenumque deum monstra et latrator Anubis 8.699. contra Neptunum et Venerem contraque Minervam 8.700. tela tenent. Saevit medio in certamine Mavors 8.701. caelatus ferro tristesque ex aethere Dirae, 8.702. et scissa gaudens vadit Discordia palla, 8.703. quam cum sanguineo sequitur Bellona flagello. 8.704. Actius haec cernens arcum tendebat Apollo 8.705. desuper: omnis eo terrore Aegyptus et Indi, 8.706. omnis Arabs, omnes vertebant terga Sabaei. 8.707. Ipsa videbatur ventis regina vocatis 8.708. vela dare et laxos iam iamque inmittere funis. 8.709. Illam inter caedes pallentem morte futura 8.710. fecerat Ignipotens undis et Iapyge ferri, 8.711. contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum 8.712. pandentemque sinus et tota veste vocantem 8.713. caeruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina victos. 8.714. At Caesar, triplici invectus Romana triumpho 8.715. moenia, dis Italis votum inmortale sacrabat, 8.716. maxuma tercentum totam delubra per urbem. 8.717. Laetitia ludisque viae plausuque fremebant; 8.718. omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus arae; 8.719. ante aras terram caesi stravere iuvenci. 8.720. Ipse, sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi, 8.721. dona recognoscit populorum aptatque superbis 8.722. postibus; incedunt victae longo ordine gentes, 8.723. quam variae linguis, habitu tam vestis et armis. 8.724. Hic Nomadum genus et discinctos Mulciber Afros, 8.725. hic Lelegas Carasque sagittiferosque Gelonos 8.726. finxerat; Euphrates ibat iam mollior undis, 8.727. extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis, 8.728. indomitique Dahae, et pontem indignatus Araxes. 12.107. Nec minus interea maternis saevos in armis 6.723. What shapes of guilt are these? What penal woe 6.724. Harries them thus? What wailing smites the air?” 6.725. To whom the Sibyl, “Far-famed prince of Troy, 6.726. The feet of innocence may never pass 6.727. Into this house of sin. But Hecate, 6.728. When o'er th' Avernian groves she gave me power, 6.729. Taught me what penalties the gods decree, 6.730. And showed me all. There Cretan Rhadamanth 6.731. His kingdom keeps, and from unpitying throne 6.732. Chastises and lays bare the secret sins 6.733. of mortals who, exulting in vain guile, 6.734. Elude till death, their expiation due. 6.735. There, armed forever with her vengeful scourge, 6.736. Tisiphone, with menace and affront, 6.737. The guilty swarm pursues; in her left hand 6.738. She lifts her angered serpents, while she calls 6.739. A troop of sister-furies fierce as she. 6.740. Then, grating loud on hinge of sickening sound, 6.741. Hell's portals open wide. 0, dost thou see 6.742. What sentinel upon that threshold sits, 6.744. Far, far within the dragon Hydra broods 6.745. With half a hundred mouths, gaping and black; 6.746. And Tartarus slopes downward to the dark 6.747. Twice the whole space that in the realms of light 6.748. Th' Olympian heaven above our earth aspires. — 6.749. Here Earth's first offspring, the Titanic brood, 6.750. Roll lightning-blasted in the gulf profound; 6.751. The twin Aloidae Aloïdae , colossal shades, 8.427. wise laws and statutes; so that latent land 8.630. Rutulia thrusts us hard and chafes our wall 8.631. with loud, besieging arms. But I propose 8.632. to league with thee a numerous array 8.633. of kings and mighty tribes, which fortune strange 8.634. now brings to thy defence. Thou comest here 8.635. because the Fates intend. Not far from ours 8.636. a city on an ancient rock is seen, 8.637. Agylla, which a warlike Lydian clan 8.638. built on the Tuscan hills. It prospered well 8.639. for many a year, then under the proud yoke 8.640. of King Mezentius it came and bore 8.641. his cruel sway. Why tell the loathsome deeds 8.642. and crimes unspeakable the despot wrought? 8.643. May Heaven requite them on his impious head 8.644. and on his children! For he used to chain 8.645. dead men to living, hand on hand was laid 8.646. and face on face,—torment incredible! 8.647. Till, locked in blood-stained, horrible embrace, 8.648. a lingering death they found. But at the last 8.649. his people rose in furious despair, 8.650. and while he blasphemously raged, assailed 8.651. his life and throne, cut down his guards 8.652. and fired his regal dwellings; he, the while, 8.653. escaped immediate death and fied away 8.654. to the Rutulian land, to find defence 8.655. in Turnus hospitality. To-day 8.656. Etruria, to righteous anger stirred, 8.657. demands with urgent arms her guilty King. 8.658. To their large host, Aeneas, I will give 8.659. an added strength, thyself. For yonder shores 8.660. re-echo with the tumult and the cry 8.661. of ships in close array; their eager lords 8.662. are clamoring for battle. But the song 8.663. of the gray omen-giver thus declares 8.664. their destiny: ‘O goodly princes born 8.665. of old Maeonian lineage! Ye that are 8.666. the bloom and glory of an ancient race, 8.667. whom just occasions now and noble rage 8.668. enflame against Mezentius your foe, 8.669. it is decreed that yonder nation proud 8.670. hall never submit to chiefs Italian-born. 8.671. Seek ye a king from far!’ So in the field 8.672. inert and fearful lies Etruria's force, 8.673. disarmed by oracles. Their Tarchon sent 8.674. envoys who bore a sceptre and a crown 8.675. even to me, and prayed I should assume 8.676. the sacred emblems of Etruria's king, 8.677. and lead their host to war. But unto me 8.678. cold, sluggish age, now barren and outworn, 8.679. denies new kingdoms, and my slow-paced powers 8.680. run to brave deeds no more. Nor could I urge 8.681. my son, who by his Sabine mother's line 8.682. is half Italian-born. Thyself art he, 8.683. whose birth illustrious and manly prime 8.684. fate favors and celestial powers approve. 8.685. Therefore go forth, O bravest chief and King 8.686. of Troy and Italy ! To thee I give 8.687. the hope and consolation of our throne, 8.688. pallas, my son, and bid him find in thee 8.689. a master and example, while he learns 8.690. the soldier's arduous toil. With thy brave deeds 8.691. let him familiar grow, and reverence thee 8.692. with youthful love and honor. In his train 8.693. two hundred horsemen of Arcadia, 8.694. our choicest men-at-arms, shall ride; and he 8.695. in his own name an equal band shall bring 8.696. to follow only thee.” Such the discourse. 8.697. With meditative brows and downcast eyes 8.698. Aeneas and Achates, sad at heart, 8.699. mused on unnumbered perils yet to come. 8.700. But out of cloudless sky Cythera's Queen 8.701. gave sudden signal: from th' ethereal dome 8.702. a thunder-peal and flash of quivering fire 8.703. tumultuous broke, as if the world would fall, 8.704. and bellowing Tuscan trumpets shook the air. 8.705. All eyes look up. Again and yet again 8.706. crashed the terrible din, and where the sky 8.707. looked clearest hung a visionary cloud, 8.708. whence through the brightness blazed resounding arms. 8.709. All hearts stood still. But Troy 's heroic son 8.710. knew that his mother in the skies redeemed 8.711. her pledge in sound of thunder: so he cried, 8.712. “Seek not, my friend, seek not thyself to read 8.713. the meaning of the omen. 'T is to me 8.714. Olympus calls. My goddess-mother gave 8.715. long since her promise of a heavenly sign 8.716. if war should burst; and that her power would bring 8.717. a panoply from Vulcan through the air, 8.718. to help us at our need. Alas, what deaths 8.719. over Laurentum's ill-starred host impend! 8.720. O Turnus, what a reckoning thou shalt pay 8.721. to me in arms! O Tiber, in thy wave 8.722. what helms and shields and mighty soldiers slain 8.723. hall in confusion roll! Yea, let them lead 8.725. He said: and from the lofty throne uprose. 8.726. Straightway he roused anew the slumbering fire 8.727. acred to Hercules, and glad at heart 8.728. adored, as yesterday, the household gods 12.107. Make me no sad farewells, as I depart
17. Lucretius Carus, On The Nature of Things, 1.1-1.4, 1.6-1.9, 1.24, 1.671, 1.715, 1.717-1.718, 1.725, 1.730-1.732, 2.15, 3.1-3.2, 5.8, 5.11-5.12, 5.110-5.125 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 36, 39, 52, 65, 79
1.1. Aeneadum genetrix, hominum divomque voluptas, 1.2. alma Venus, caeli subter labentia signa 1.3. quae mare navigerum, quae terras frugiferentis 1.4. concelebras, per te quoniam genus omne animantum 1.6. te, dea, te fugiunt venti, te nubila caeli 1.7. adventumque tuum, tibi suavis daedala tellus 1.8. summittit flores, tibi rident aequora ponti 1.9. placatumque nitet diffuso lumine caelum. 1.24. te sociam studeo scribendis versibus esse, 1.671. continuo hoc mors est illius quod fuit ante. 1.715. ex igni terra atque anima procrescere et imbri. 1.717. insula quem triquetris terrarum gessit in oris, 1.718. quam fluitans circum magnis anfractibus aequor 1.725. ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum. 1.730. nec sanctum magis et mirum carumque videtur. 1.731. carmina quin etiam divini pectoris eius 1.732. vociferantur et exponunt praeclara reperta, 2.15. qualibus in tenebris vitae quantisque periclis 3.1. E tenebris tantis tam clarum extollere lumen 3.2. qui primus potuisti inlustrans commoda vitae, 5.8. dicendum est, deus ille fuit, deus, inclyte Memmi, 5.11. fluctibus et tantis vitam tantisque tenebris 5.12. in tam tranquillo et tam clara luce locavit. 5.110. Qua prius adgrediar quam de re fundere fata 5.111. sanctius et multo certa ratione magis quam 5.112. Pythia quae tripode a Phoebi lauroque profatur, 5.113. multa tibi expediam doctis solacia dictis; 5.114. religione refrenatus ne forte rearis 5.115. terras et solem et caelum, mare sidera lunam, 5.116. corpore divino debere aeterna manere, 5.117. proptereaque putes ritu par esse Gigantum 5.118. pendere eos poenas inmani pro scelere omnis, 5.119. qui ratione sua disturbent moenia mundi 5.120. praeclarumque velint caeli restinguere solem 5.121. inmortalia mortali sermone notantes; 5.122. quae procul usque adeo divino a numine distent 5.123. inque deum numero quae sint indigna videri, 5.124. notitiam potius praebere ut posse putentur 5.125. quid sit vitali motu sensuque remotum. 1.1. BOOK I: PROEM: Mother of Rome, delight of Gods and men, Dear Venus that beneath the gliding stars Makest to teem the many-voyaged main And fruitful lands- for all of living things Through thee alone are evermore conceived, Through thee are risen to visit the great sun- Before thee, Goddess, and thy coming on, Flee stormy wind and massy cloud away, For thee the daedal Earth bears scented flowers, For thee waters of the unvexed deep Smile, and the hollows of the serene sky Glow with diffused radiance for thee! For soon as comes the springtime face of day, And procreant gales blow from the West unbarred, First fowls of air, smit to the heart by thee, Foretoken thy approach, O thou Divine, And leap the wild herds round the happy fields Or swim the bounding torrents. Thus amain, Seized with the spell, all creatures follow thee Whithersoever thou walkest forth to lead, And thence through seas and mountains and swift streams, Through leafy homes of birds and greening plains, Kindling the lure of love in every breast, Thou bringest the eternal generations forth, Kind after kind. And since 'tis thou alone Guidest the Cosmos, and without thee naught Is risen to reach the shining shores of light, Nor aught of joyful or of lovely born, Thee do I crave co-partner in that verse Which I presume on Nature to compose For Memmius mine, whom thou hast willed to be Peerless in every grace at every hour- Wherefore indeed, Divine one, give my words Immortal charm. Lull to a timely rest O'er sea and land the savage works of war, For thou alone hast power with public peace To aid mortality; since he who rules The savage works of battle, puissant Mars, How often to thy bosom flings his strength O'ermastered by the eternal wound of love- And there, with eyes and full throat backward thrown, Gazing, my Goddess, open-mouthed at thee, Pastures on love his greedy sight, his breath Hanging upon thy lips. Him thus reclined Fill with thy holy body, round, above! Pour from those lips soft syllables to win Peace for the Romans, glorious Lady, peace! For in a season troublous to the state Neither may I attend this task of mine With thought untroubled, nor mid such events The illustrious scion of the Memmian house Neglect the civic cause. 3.1. BOOK III: PROEM O thou who first uplifted in such dark So clear a torch aloft, who first shed light Upon the profitable ends of man, O thee I follow, glory of the Greeks, And set my footsteps squarely planted now Even in the impress and the marks of thine- Less like one eager to dispute the palm, More as one craving out of very love That I may copy thee!- for how should swallow Contend with swans or what compare could be In a race between young kids with tumbling legs And the strong might of the horse? Our father thou, And finder-out of truth, and thou to us Suppliest a father's precepts; and from out Those scriven leaves of thine, renowned soul (Like bees that sip of all in flowery wolds), We feed upon thy golden sayings all- Golden, and ever worthiest endless life. For soon as ever thy planning thought that sprang From god-like mind begins its loud proclaim of nature's courses, terrors of the brain Asunder flee, the ramparts of the world Dispart away, and through the void entire I see the movements of the universe. Rises to vision the majesty of gods, And their abodes of everlasting calm Which neither wind may shake nor rain-cloud splash, Nor snow, congealed by sharp frosts, may harm With its white downfall: ever, unclouded sky O'er roofs, and laughs with far-diffused light. And nature gives to them their all, nor aught May ever pluck their peace of mind away. But nowhere to my vision rise no more The vaults of Acheron, though the broad earth Bars me no more from gazing down o'er all Which under our feet is going on below Along the void. O, here in these affairs Some new divine delight and trembling awe Takes hold through me, that thus by power of thine Nature, so plain and manifest at last, Hath been on every side laid bare to man! And since I've taught already of what sort The seeds of all things are, and how, distinct In divers forms, they flit of own accord, Stirred with a motion everlasting on, And in what mode things be from them create, Now, after such matters, should my verse, meseems, Make clear the nature of the mind and soul, And drive that dread of Acheron without, Headlong, which so confounds our human life Unto its deeps, pouring o'er all that is The black of death, nor leaves not anything To prosper- a liquid and unsullied joy. 5.110. But ere on this I take a step to utter Oracles holier and soundlier based Than ever the Pythian pronounced for men From out the tripod and the Delphian laurel, I will unfold for thee with learned words Many a consolation, lest perchance, Still bridled by religion, thou suppose Lands, sun, and sky, sea, constellations, moon, Must dure forever, as of frame divine- And so conclude that it is just that those, (After the manner of the Giants), should all Pay the huge penalties for monstrous crime, Who by their reasonings do overshake The ramparts of the universe and wish There to put out the splendid sun of heaven, Branding with mortal talk immortal things- Though these same things are even so far removed From any touch of deity and seem So far unworthy of numbering with the gods, That well they may be thought to furnish rather A goodly instance of the sort of things That lack the living motion, living sense. For sure 'tis quite beside the mark to think That judgment and the nature of the mind In any kind of body can exist- Just as in ether can't exist a tree, Nor clouds in the salt sea, nor in the fields Can fishes live, nor blood in timber be, Nor sap in boulders: fixed and arranged Where everything may grow and have its place. Thus nature of mind cannot arise alone Without the body, nor have its being far From thews and blood. Yet if 'twere possible?- Much rather might this very power of mind Be in the head, the shoulders, or the heels, And, born in any part soever, yet In the same man, in the same vessel abide But since within this body even of ours Stands fixed and appears arranged sure Where soul and mind can each exist and grow, Deny we must the more that they can dure Outside the body and the breathing form In rotting clods of earth, in the sun's fire, In water, or in ether's skiey coasts. Therefore these things no whit are furnished With sense divine, since never can they be With life-force quickened.
18. Horace, Ars Poetica, 464-466 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 75
466. insiluit. sit ius liceatque perire poetis:
19. Vergil, Georgics, 2.478-2.482, 2.490-2.502, 4.221, 4.382, 4.396, 4.405, 4.409, 4.412 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 64, 75, 78, 80, 152
2.478. defectus solis varios lunaeque labores; 2.479. unde tremor terris, qua vi maria alta tumescant 2.480. obicibus ruptis rursusque in se ipsa residant, 2.481. quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere soles 2.482. hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. 2.490. Felix, qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, 2.491. atque metus omnis et inexorabile fatum 2.492. subiecit pedibus strepitumque Acherontis avari. 2.493. Fortunatus et ille, deos qui novit agrestis, 2.494. panaque Silvanumque senem Nymphasque sorores: 2.495. illum non populi fasces, non purpura regum 2.496. flexit et infidos agitans discordia fratres 2.497. aut coniurato descendens Dacus ab Histro, 2.498. non res Romanae perituraque regna; neque ille 2.499. aut doluit miserans inopem aut invidit habenti 2.500. quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura 2.501. sponte tulere sua, carpsit; nec ferrea iura 2.502. insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit. 4.221. aetherios dixere; deum namque ire per omnes 4.382. Oceanumque patrem rerum Nymphasque sorores 4.396. Hic tibi, nate, prius vinclis capiendus, ut omnem 4.405. Verum ubi correptum manibus vinclisque tenebis, 4.409. aut acrem flammae sonitum dabit atque ita vinclis 4.412. tanto, nate, magis contende tenacia vincla, 2.478. The goat at every altar, and old play 2.479. Upon the stage find entrance; therefore too 2.480. The sons of Theseus through the country-side— 2.481. Hamlet and crossway—set the prize of wit, 2.482. And on the smooth sward over oiled skin 2.490. Till hollow vale o'erflows, and gorge profound, 2.491. Where'er the god hath turned his comely head. 2.492. Therefore to Bacchus duly will we sing 2.493. Meet honour with ancestral hymns, and cate 2.494. And dishes bear him; and the doomed goat 2.495. Led by the horn shall at the altar stand, 2.496. Whose entrails rich on hazel-spits we'll roast. 2.497. This further task again, to dress the vine, 2.498. Hath needs beyond exhausting; the whole soil 2.499. Thrice, four times, yearly must be cleft, the sod 2.500. With hoes reversed be crushed continually, 2.501. The whole plantation lightened of its leaves. 2.502. Round on the labourer spins the wheel of toil, 4.221. From the slow-yielding ore the thunderbolts, 4.382. 'Twixt prisoning walls they pinch, and add hereto 4.396. Heats and ferments, and things of wondrous birth, 4.405. Whence came the new adventure? From thy vale, 4.409. Fast by the haunted river-head, and thu 4.412. Beneath this whirling flood, if he thou sayest,
20. Propertius, Elegies, 4.4 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 150
21. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 13.84, 17.19, 17.27, 17.120 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7, 74
22. Seneca The Younger, Letters, 86.15 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 74
86.15. And you too shall be shaded by the tree which Is slow to grow, but bringeth shade to cheer Your grandsons in the far-off years, as our poet Vergil says. Vergil sought, however, not what was nearest to the truth, but what was most appropriate, and aimed, not to teach the farmer, but to please the reader.
23. Columella, De Re Rustica, 1.4.4, 3.10.20, 3.12.5, 6.27.5-6.27.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 74
24. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.1.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
1.1.12. Great also was the care of preserving religion among our ancestors, when Publius Cornelius and Baebius Tamphilus were consuls. For the labourers that were digging a field of L. Petillius the scribe, at the foot of Janiculum, delving somewhat deeper than ordinary, found two little stone-chests; in one whereof was some writing, declaring that it was the body of Numa Pompilius, son of Pomponius. In the other were seven books in the Latin language, treating of the law of the pontiffs; and as many books in Greek, discoursing of wisdom. For the preservation of the Latin books they took especial care; but the Greek ones, (for there seemed to be some things therein prejudicial to their religion) Q. Petillius the praetor by decree of senate caused to be burnt in a public fire made by the attendants of the sacrifices: for the ancient Romans could not endure that anything should be kept in the city, which might be a means to draw the minds of men from the worship of the gods.
25. Plutarch, Numa Pompilius, 22 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
22. His obsequies were as much to be envied as his life. The peoples which were in alliance and friendship with Rome assembled at the rites with public offerings and crowns; the senators carried his bier, the priests of the gods served as its escort, and the rest of the people, including women and children, followed with groans and lamentations, not as though they were attending the funeral of an aged king, but as though each one of them was burying some dearest relation taken away in the flower of life. ,They did not burn his body, because, as it is said, he forbade it; but they made two stone coffins and buried them under the Janiculum. One of these held his body, and the other the sacred books which he had written out with his own hand, as the Greek lawgivers their tablets. But since, while he was still living, he had taught the priests the written contents of the books, and had inculcated in their hearts the scope and meaning of them all, he commanded that they should be buried with his body, convinced that such mysteries ought not to be entrusted to the care of lifeless documents. ,This is the reason, we are told, why the Pythagoreans also do not entrust their precepts to writing, but implant the memory and practice of them in living disciples worthy to receive them. And when their treatment of the abstruse and mysterious processes of geometry had been divulged to a certain unworthy person, they said the gods threatened to punish such lawlessness and impiety with some signal and wide-spread calamity. ,Therefore we may well be indulgent with those who are eager to prove, on the basis of so many resemblances between them, that Numa was acquainted with Pythagoras. Antias, however, writes that it was twelve pontifical books, and twelve others of Greek philosophy, which were placed in the coffin. And about four hundred years afterwards, when Publius Cornelius and Marcus Baebius were consuls, heavy rains fell, and the torrent of water tore away the earth and dislodged the coffins. ,When their lids had fallen off, one coffin was seen to be entirely empty, without any trace whatever of the body, but in the other the writings were found. These Petilius, who was then praetor, is said to have read, and then brought to the senate, declaring that, in his opinion, it was not lawful or proper that the writings should be published abroad. The books were therefore carried to the comitium and burned.,It is true, indeed, of all just and good men, that they are praised more after they have left the world than before, since envy does not long survive them, and some even see it die before them; but in Numa’s case the misfortunes of the kings who followed him made his fame shine all the brighter. For of the five who came after him, the last was dethroned and grew old in exile, and of the other four, not one died a natural death. Three of them were conspired against and slain; ,and Tullus Hostilius, who reigned next after Numa, and who mocked and derided most of his virtues, and above all his devotion to religion, declaring that it made men idle and effeminate, turned the minds of the citizens to war. He himself; however, did not abide by his presumptuous folly, but was converted by a grievous and complicated disease, and gave himself over to a superstition which was far removed from the piety of Numa. His subjects, too, were even more affected with superstition, as we are told, when he died by a stroke of lightning. 22. His obsequies were as much to be envied as his life. The peoples which were in alliance and friendship with Rome assembled at the rites with public offerings and crowns; the senators carried his bier, the priests of the gods served as its escort, and the rest of the people, including women and children, followed with groans and lamentations, not as though they were attending the funeral of an aged king, but as though each one of them was burying some dearest relation taken away in the flower of life.,They did not burn his body, because, as it is said, he forbade it; but they made two stone coffins and buried them under the Janiculum. One of these held his body, and the other the sacred books which he had written out with his own hand, as the Greek lawgivers their tablets. But since, while he was still living, he had taught the priests the written contents of the books, and had inculcated in their hearts the scope and meaning of them all, he commanded that they should be buried with his body, convinced that such mysteries ought not to be entrusted to the care of lifeless documents.,This is the reason, we are told, why the Pythagoreans also do not entrust their precepts to writing, but implant the memory and practice of them in living disciples worthy to receive them. And when their treatment of the abstruse and mysterious processes of geometry had been divulged to a certain unworthy person, they said the gods threatened to punish such lawlessness and impiety with some signal and wide-spread calamity.,Therefore we may well be indulgent with those who are eager to prove, on the basis of so many resemblances between them, that Numa was acquainted with Pythagoras. Antias, however, writes that it was twelve pontifical books, and twelve others of Greek philosophy, which were placed in the coffin. And about four hundred years afterwards, when Publius Cornelius and Marcus Baebius were consuls, heavy rains fell, and the torrent of water tore away the earth and dislodged the coffins.,When their lids had fallen off, one coffin was seen to be entirely empty, without any trace whatever of the body, but in the other the writings were found. These Petilius, who was then praetor, is said to have read, and then brought to the senate, declaring that, in his opinion, it was not lawful or proper that the writings should be published abroad. The books were therefore carried to the comitium and burned.,It is true, indeed, of all just and good men, that they are praised more after they have left the world than before, since envy does not long survive them, and some even see it die before them; but in Numa’s case the misfortunes of the kings who followed him made his fame shine all the brighter. For of the five who came after him, the last was dethroned and grew old in exile, and of the other four, not one died a natural death. Three of them were conspired against and slain;,and Tullus Hostilius, who reigned next after Numa, and who mocked and derided most of his virtues, and above all his devotion to religion, declaring that it made men idle and effeminate, turned the minds of the citizens to war. He himself; however, did not abide by his presumptuous folly, but was converted by a grievous and complicated disease, and gave himself over to a superstition which was far removed from the piety of Numa. His subjects, too, were even more affected with superstition, as we are told, when he died by a stroke of lightning.
26. Festus Sextus Pompeius, De Verborum Significatione, 183, p. 178, 19-22 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
27. Lactantius, Divine Institutes, 1.22.5-1.22.8 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
28. Augustine, The City of God, 7.34-7.35 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
7.34. But, on the other hand, we find, as the same most learned man has related, that the causes of the sacred rites which were given from the books of Numa Pompilius could by no means be tolerated, and were considered unworthy, not only to become known to the religious by being read, but even to lie written in the darkness in which they had been concealed. For now let me say what I promised in the third book of this work to say in its proper place. For, as we read in the same Varro's book on the worship of the gods, A certain one Terentius had a field at the Janiculum, and once, when his ploughman was passing the plough near to the tomb of Numa Pompilius, he turned up from the ground the books of Numa, in which were written the causes of the sacred institutions; which books he carried to the pr tor, who, having read the beginnings of them, referred to the senate what seemed to be a matter of so much importance. And when the chief senators had read certain of the causes why this or that rite was instituted, the senate assented to the dead Numa, and the conscript fathers, as though concerned for the interests of religion, ordered the pr tor to burn the books. Let each one believe what he thinks; nay, let every champion of such impiety say whatever mad contention may suggest. For my part, let it suffice to suggest that the causes of those sacred things which were written down by King Numa Pompilius, the institutor of the Roman rites, ought never to have become known to people or senate, or even to the priests themselves; and also that Numa him self attained to these secrets of demons by an illicit curiosity, in order that he might write them down, so as to be able, by reading, to be reminded of them. However, though he was king, and had no cause to be afraid of any one, he neither dared to teach them to any one, nor to destroy them by obliteration, or any other form of destruction. Therefore, because he was unwilling that any one should know them, lest men should be taught infamous things, and because he was afraid to violate them, lest he should enrage the demons against himself, he buried them in what he thought a safe place, believing that a plough could not approach his sepulchre. But the senate, fearing to condemn the religious solemnities of their ancestors, and therefore compelled to assent to Numa, were nevertheless so convinced that those books were pernicious, that they did not order them to be buried again, knowing that human curiosity would thereby be excited to seek with far greater eagerness after the matter already divulged, but ordered the scandalous relics to be destroyed with fire; because, as they thought it was now a necessity to perform those sacred rites, they judged that the error arising from ignorance of their causes was more tolerable than the disturbance which the knowledge of them would occasion the state. 7.35. For Numa himself also, to whom no prophet of God, no holy angel was sent, was driven to have recourse to hydromancy, that he might see the images of the gods in the water (or, rather, appearances whereby the demons made sport of him), and might learn from them what he ought to ordain and observe in the sacred rites. This kind of divination, says Varro, was introduced from the Persians, and was used by Numa himself, and at an after time by the philosopher Pythagoras. In this divination, he says, they also inquire at the inhabitants of the nether world, and make use of blood; and this the Greeks call νεκρομαντείαν . But whether it be called necromancy or hydromancy it is the same thing, for in either case the dead are supposed to foretell future things. But by what artifices these things are done, let themselves consider; for I am unwilling to say that these artifices were wont to be prohibited by the laws, and to be very severely punished even in the Gentile states, before the advent of our Saviour. I am unwilling, I say, to affirm this, for perhaps even such things were then allowed. However, it was by these arts that Pompilius learned those sacred rites which he gave forth as facts, while he concealed their causes; for even he himself was afraid of that which he had learned. The senate also caused the books in which those causes were recorded to be burned. What is it, then, to me, that Varro attempts to adduce all sorts of fanciful physical interpretations, which if these books had contained, they would certainly not have been burned? For otherwise the conscript fathers would also have burned those books which Varro published and dedicated to the high priest C sar. Now Numa is said to have married the nymph Egeria, because (as Varro explains it in the forementioned book) he carried forth water wherewith to perform his hydromancy. Thus facts are wont to be converted into fables through false colorings. It was by that hydromancy, then, that that over-curious Roman king learned both the sacred rites which were to be written in the books of the priests, and also the causes of those rites - which latter, however, he was unwilling that any one besides himself should know. Wherefore he made these causes, as it were, to die along with himself, taking care to have them written by themselves, and removed from the knowledge of men by being buried in the earth. Wherefore the things which are written in those books were either abominations of demons, so foul and noxious as to render that whole civil theology execrable even in the eyes of such men as those senators, who had accepted so many shameful things in the sacred rites themselves, or they were nothing else than the accounts of dead men, whom, through the lapse of ages, almost all the Gentile nations had come to believe to be immortal gods; while those same demons were delighted even with such rites, having presented themselves to receive worship under pretence of being those very dead men whom they had caused to be thought immortal gods by certain fallacious miracles, performed in order to establish that belief. But, by the hidden providence of the true God, these demons were permitted to confess these things to their friend Numa, having been gained by those arts through which necromancy could be performed, and yet were not constrained to admonish him rather at his death to burn than to bury the books in which they were written. But, in order that these books might be unknown, the demons could not resist the plough by which they were thrown up, or the pen of Varro, through which the things which were done in reference to this matter have come down even to our knowledge. For they are not able to effect anything which they are not allowed; but they are permitted to influence those whom God, in His deep and just judgment, according to their deserts, gives over either to be simply afflicted by them, or to be also subdued and deceived. But how pernicious these writings were judged to be, or how alien from the worship of the true Divinity, may be understood from the fact that the senate preferred to burn what Pompilius had hid, rather than to fear what he feared, so that he could not dare to do that. Wherefore let him who does not desire to live a pious life even now, seek eternal life by means of such rites. But let him who does not wish to have fellowship with malign demons have no fear for the noxious superstition wherewith they are worshipped, but let him recognize the true religion by which they are unmasked and vanquished. <
29. Servius, In Vergilii Bucolicon Librum, 6.31, 6.41 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 64, 65, 66
30. Epicurus, Vatican Sayings, 10  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 39
31. Metrodorus of Lampsacus, Fragments, 37  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 39
32. Ennius, Fragments, 10. 220-221  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 156
33. Cleanthes, Hymn To Zeus, 15-17, 32-35  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 52
34. Servius, In Verg. Georgica, 1.247, 1.252, 2.478, 3.525, 4.221, 4.226  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 78
35. Varro, Epicharmus Fr., 5.61.5-5.61.9  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 149
36. Cassius Hemina, Fr., 30  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
37. Pseudo-Aurelius Victor, De Viris Illustribus, 3  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 7
38. Heraclitus, Allegoriae, 69.7-69.8  Tagged with subjects: •four-element theory Found in books: Konstan and Garani, The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry (2014) 80