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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

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All subjects (including unvalidated):
subject book bibliographic info
forum Baumann and Liotsakis (2022) 45, 186, 188, 189
Benefiel and Keegan (2016) 135
Edmondson (2008) 23, 29, 31, 33, 35, 38, 39, 43, 51, 52, 58, 64, 65, 75, 80, 81, 82, 91, 93, 96, 97, 98, 103, 109, 246, 264, 280
Jenkyns (2013) 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 131, 167
Kingsley Monti and Rood (2022) 237
Pinheiro et al (2018) 170, 294
Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 56, 71, 73, 151, 156, 172, 173, 174, 178, 284, 311, 313, 314, 315
Rüpke (2011) 100, 126
Shannon-Henderson (2019) 7, 214, 238, 269, 276, 286, 291, 298, 309
Tuori (2016) 28, 48, 49, 53, 54, 97, 117, 138, 148, 151, 156, 161, 164, 167, 202, 210, 231, 266
forum, aeneas, in augustus’ Rutledge (2012) 251
forum, anchises, in augustus’ Rutledge (2012) 251
forum, and the erechtheum, relationship with caesar’s Rutledge (2012) 254
forum, and the summi viri, relationship with caesar’s Rutledge (2012) 117, 251, 256
forum, and vergil’s aeneid, relationship with caesar’s Rutledge (2012) 253, 257
forum, appii Bianchetti et al (2015) 229
Tacoma (2020) 199, 200
forum, arena for leisure Jenkyns (2013) 93, 94
forum, augusti Nuno et al (2021) 226, 229
forum, augustum Jenkyns (2013) 49, 50, 51, 95, 191, 294, 329, 334, 335, 337
Roller (2018) 151, 154, 190, 221
Rüpke (2011) 137
Xinyue (2022) 29, 155, 156
forum, augustum exempla, augustus/octavian, and Roller (2018) 117, 151, 154, 190
forum, augustum, rome Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 279, 313, 471
forum, augustum, rome, porticus iulia in the Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 313
forum, augustum, statues, in the Xinyue (2022) 155, 156
forum, augustum, statues, quadrigate, in the Xinyue (2022) 155, 156
forum, boarium Athanassaki and Titchener (2022) 63, 69
Gorain (2019) 85, 90, 99
Jenkyns (2013) 141, 156
Lampe (2003) 46, 60, 345
van , t Westeinde (2021) 122
forum, boarium, rome Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 404
Panoussi(2019) 173, 176, 178, 189, 195, 196, 197, 259
Rutledge (2012) 39, 143, 171, 197
forum, business in Jenkyns (2013) 87, 88, 155, 168
forum, caryatids in relationship with caesar’s Rutledge (2012) 251, 254, 261
forum, cattle in Jenkyns (2013) 106, 272, 273
forum, claudii ceutronum Bianchetti et al (2015) 228
forum, clodii Nuno et al (2021) 224
forum, clodius pulcher, p., orders to purge the Walters (2020) 47, 48
forum, corinth Lampe (2003) 192
forum, crowds in Jenkyns (2013) 34, 130, 144, 145, 159, 160, 173, 174, 175, 176
forum, descending to Jenkyns (2013) 150, 171, 181, 182
forum, divine gaze over Jenkyns (2013) 26, 27, 28, 29
forum, domicilii, roman empire Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 758, 759
forum, during civil unrest Jenkyns (2013) 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164
forum, flaminii Konrad (2022) 236, 237
forum, for debate of contemporary issues, song-culture Kowalzig (2007) 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 353
forum, for, leisure Jenkyns (2013) 93, 94
forum, foundation Jenkyns (2013) 131, 167
forum, funeral processions Jenkyns (2013) 88, 89, 156, 157
forum, gladiatorial shows Jenkyns (2013) 90, 179
forum, holitorium Lampe (2003) 64
forum, holitorium, rome Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 345
Rutledge (2012) 291
forum, in latin advocate, speeches of in Griffiths (1975) 3, 28, 336, 349
forum, iulium Jenkyns (2013) 94, 95, 100, 115, 335, 337
forum, iulium, cividale, venetia Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 47
forum, iulus, in augustus’ Rutledge (2012) 251
forum, judicial dimensions Jenkyns (2013) 12, 13, 34, 88, 93, 94
forum, julium, rule Borg (2008) 111, 295
forum, kosmas and damian, saints, claim of incubation in roman Renberg (2017) 764
forum, lists of conquests in relationship with caesar’s Rutledge (2012) 205
forum, male and female spheres of activity Jenkyns (2013) 19, 20, 160
forum, merida Rizzi (2010) 28
forum, murders Jenkyns (2013) 87, 129, 130, 141, 163
forum, nervas Johnson and Parker (2009) 271
forum, of augustus Edmondson (2008) 38, 43, 64, 69, 83
Giusti (2018) 41
Jenkyns (2013) 49, 50, 51, 95, 191, 294, 329, 334, 335, 337
Keeline (2018) 108
forum, of augustus, material commemoration of exempla, statues in Langlands (2018) 239
forum, of augustus, rome Rutledge (2012) 4, 7, 132, 136, 221, 228, 251, 253, 254, 256, 257, 261, 294, 296
forum, of caesar, rome Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 747
forum, of constantine Klein and Wienand (2022) 72, 201, 276
forum, of forum, rome, peace, and julius caesar’s Rutledge (2012) 273
forum, of hadrian, tetraconch in the Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022) 73, 148, 157, 362
forum, of hadrian, “library of hadrian” Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022) 24, 67, 71, 73, 165, 185, 208, 306, 362, 406, 503
forum, of julius caesar Edmondson (2008) 77, 78
forum, of julius caesar, augustus, finishes the Rutledge (2012) 226, 227
forum, of julius caesar, rome Rutledge (2012) 58, 111, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 261
forum, of julius rome, caesar, and alexander’s horse Rutledge (2012) 230
forum, of julius rome, caesar, and tiberius’ statue Rutledge (2012) 218
forum, of julius rome, caesar, its collection Rutledge (2012) 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235
forum, of nerva, rome Rutledge (2012) 174, 175, 228
forum, of peace Jenkyns (2013) 263
forum, of peace, and augustus’ forum, rome, rome Rutledge (2012) 273, 283, 284
forum, of peace, procopius, on the Rutledge (2012) 274
forum, of peace, rome Rutledge (2012) 56, 228, 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284
forum, of rome, augustus, alexander memorabilia in Rutledge (2012) 253, 256
forum, of rome, augustus, and apollo Rutledge (2012) 256
forum, of rome, augustus, and athena aleana Rutledge (2012) 251, 256, 257
forum, of rome, augustus, kings of alba longa in Rutledge (2012) 251
forum, of rome, nerva, temple of minerva in Rutledge (2012) 4
forum, of rome, peace, alexander the great in Rutledge (2012) 281, 282
forum, of rome, peace, and cephisodotus Rutledge (2012) 274
forum, of rome, peace, and praxiteles Rutledge (2012) 274
forum, of rome, peace, and the ara pacis Rutledge (2012) 282
forum, of rome, peace, and the domus aurea Rutledge (2012) 272, 273, 275
forum, of rome, peace, and venus Rutledge (2012) 273, 281, 303
forum, of rome, peace, boëthius’ works in Rutledge (2012) 275
forum, of rome, peace, cosmic significance of spoils in Rutledge (2012) 64, 122, 242, 272, 282, 283
forum, of rome, peace, cult statue of pax Rutledge (2012) 144, 273, 274, 282
forum, of rome, peace, gauls depicted in Rutledge (2012) 275
forum, of rome, peace, its collection Rutledge (2012) 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281
forum, of rome, peace, its name Rutledge (2012) 272
forum, of rome, peace, josephus describes Rutledge (2012) 272
forum, of rome, peace, lysippus’ works in Rutledge (2012) 274
forum, of rome, peace, myron’s calf in Rutledge (2012) 274
forum, of rome, peace, nile depicted in Rutledge (2012) 275, 278, 282
forum, of rome, peace, phidias’ works in Rutledge (2012) 274
forum, of rome, peace, polyclitus’ works in Rutledge (2012) 274
forum, of rome, peace, protogenes’ works in Rutledge (2012) 275
forum, of rome, peace, spoils of jewish war adorn Rutledge (2012) 272, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281
forum, of tauros forum, constantinople Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020) 271
forum, of theodosius Klein and Wienand (2022) 151, 218
forum, of trajan Jenkyns (2013) 94, 111, 134, 263, 345, 350, 352
forum, of trajan, rome Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 376, 378, 477
Rutledge (2012) 144, 228
forum, of vespasian Jenkyns (2013) 343
forum, pacis, rome Rizzi (2010) 31
forum, political dimensions Jenkyns (2013) 88, 89, 90, 93, 94, 159, 160
forum, pompeii Benefiel and Keegan (2016) 82
forum, popilii, polla, lucania Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 654, 655, 656, 682
forum, popillii Bianchetti et al (2015) 229, 238
forum, profit in through advocates speeches Griffiths (1975) 28, 336
forum, puteoli, pozzuoli, campania Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 313
forum, relationship with caesar’s Rutledge (2012) 230
forum, roman Mcclellan (2019) 44, 73, 99, 128, 147, 214
forum, roman speech, used by advocate in Griffiths (1975) 28, 336
forum, romanum Athanassaki and Titchener (2022) 63
Fertik (2019) 3, 71
Lampe (2003) 53, 188, 228
forum, romanum, rome Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 92, 102, 169, 279, 345, 364, 381
Rutledge (2012) 5, 14, 82, 135, 144, 147, 154, 155, 156, 167, 188
forum, romanum, rome, arch of tiberius, lost, in Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 197
forum, romanum, rome, city of Richlin (2018) 14, 114, 188, 247, 379
forum, romanum, rule Borg (2008) 387
forum, rome, arch of augustus in Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 102
forum, rome, augustan Rizzi (2010) 28
forum, rome, augustum, legal business in Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 487
forum, rome, dream interpreters in roman Renberg (2017) 717
forum, rome, romanum, and augustus Rutledge (2012) 292
forum, rome, romanum, and the tabernae argentariae Rutledge (2012) 153
forum, rome, romanum, paving of Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 475
forum, rome, romanum, pictures displayed in Rutledge (2012) 77, 104
forum, rome, romanum, shields displayed in Rutledge (2012) 127
forum, rome, romanum, verres adorns Rutledge (2012) 46
forum, rome, trajan’s Rizzi (2010) 31
forum, romulus, in augustus’ Rutledge (2012) 251
forum, segusiavorum, gallia lugdunensis Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 551
forum, servius, on augustus’ Rutledge (2012) 253
forum, shrine of sts. kosmas and damian, rome, claim of incubation at roman Renberg (2017) 764
forum, temple of vesta, in the Bierl (2017) 299, 302, 304, 309, 313
forum, through advocates speeches, money, needed for initiation, indicated by isis, profit in Griffiths (1975) 28, 336
forum, through advocates speeches, profit, in Griffiths (1975) 28, 336, 341
forum, traiani Arthur-Montagne DiGiulio and Kuin (2022) 198, 199, 201
forum, traiani, rule Borg (2008) 295
forum, trajans Jenkyns (2013) 94, 111, 134, 263, 345, 350, 352
Johnson and Parker (2009) 82
forum, transitorium, dominus et deus, and the Rutledge (2012) 174, 175, 228
forum, vesta, temple of romanum Fertik (2019) 64
forum, with sponges, blood, scrubbed from Walters (2020) 48
forums, functions of Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 92
forums, imperial Jenkyns (2013) 88, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96, 115, 118
with/forum, for bold claims, choregia, social crisis dealt with in/matters dealt Kowalzig (2007) 187, 330

List of validated texts:
30 validated results for "forum"
1. None, None, nan (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum Boarium • Forum, funeral processions • forum

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 156; Rüpke (2011) 100
2. None, None, nan (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum • Forum, business in • Forum, murders • Rome, city of, Forum Romanum

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 87; Richlin (2018) 188, 379
3. Polybius, Histories, 6.53-6.54 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Forum Augustum • forum • forum, Roman • forum, of Augustus

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008) 38; Jenkyns (2013) 49, 51; Mcclellan (2019) 128


6.53. 1. \xa0Whenever any illustrious man dies, he is carried at his funeral into the forum to the soâ\x80\x91called rostra, sometimes conspicuous in an upright posture and more rarely reclined.,2. \xa0Here with all the people standing round, a grown-up son, if he has left one who happens to be present, or if not some other relative mounts the rostra and discourses on the virtues and success­ful achievements of the dead.,3. \xa0As a consequence the multitude and not only those who had a part in these achievements, but those also who had none, when the facts are recalled to their minds and brought before their eyes, are moved to such sympathy that the loss seems to be not confined to the mourners, but a public one affecting the whole people.,4. \xa0Next after the interment and the performance of the usual ceremonies, they place the image of the departed in the most conspicuous position in the house, enclosed in a wooden shrine.,5. \xa0This image is a mask reproducing with remarkable fidelity both the features and complexion of the deceased.,6. \xa0On the occasion of public sacrifices they display these images, and decorate them with much care, and when any distinguished member of the family dies they take them to the funeral, putting them on men who seem to them to bear the closest resemblance to the original in stature and carriage.,7. \xa0These representatives wear togas, with a purple border if the deceased was a consul or praetor, whole purple if he was a censor, and embroidered with gold if he had celebrated a triumph or achieved anything similar.,8. \xa0They all ride in chariots preceded by the fasces, axes, and other insignia by which the different magistrates are wont to be accompanied according to the respective dignity of the offices of state held by each during his life;,9. \xa0and when they arrive at the rostra they all seat themselves in a row on ivory chairs. There could not easily be a more ennobling spectacle for a young man who aspires to fame and virtue.,10. \xa0For who would not be inspired by the sight of the images of men renowned for their excellence, all together and as if alive and breathing? What spectacle could be more glorious than this? 6.54. 1. \xa0Besides, he who makes the oration over the man about to be buried, when he has finished speaking of him recounts the successes and exploits of the rest whose images are present, beginning with the most ancient.,2. \xa0By this means, by this constant renewal of the good report of brave men, the celebrity of those who performed noble deeds is rendered immortal, while at the same time the fame of those who did good service to their country becomes known to the people and a heritage for future generations.,3. \xa0But the most important result is that young men are thus inspired to endure every suffering for public welfare in the hope of winning the glory that attends on brave men.,4. \xa0What I\xa0say is confirmed by the facts. For many Romans have voluntarily engaged in single combat in order to decide a battle, not a\xa0few have faced certain death, some in war to save the lives of the rest, and others in peace to save the republic.,5. \xa0Some even when in office have put their own sons to death contrary to every law or custom, setting a higher value on the interest of their country than on the ties of nature that bound them to their nearest and dearest.,6. \xa0Many such stories about many men are related in Roman history, but one told of a certain person will suffice for the present as an example and as a confirmation of what I\xa0say.''. None
4. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum, Roman • Forum, during civil unrest

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 164; Rosa and Santangelo (2020) 35
5. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Forum Augustum • Forum, Roman • Rome, Forum Romanum • Rome, Forum Romanum, pictures displayed in

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 49, 50; Rosa and Santangelo (2020) 70; Rutledge (2012) 82, 104
6. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Forum Augustum • Rome, Forum Romanum, and the tabernae argentariae

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 50; Rutledge (2012) 153
7. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Clodius Pulcher, P., orders to purge the forum • Forum, crowds in • Forum, during civil unrest • Forum, male and female spheres of activity • Forum, political dimensions • blood, scrubbed from forum with sponges

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 160; Walters (2020) 48
8. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum, Roman • Rome, Forum Romanum

 Found in books: Rosa and Santangelo (2020) 35; Rutledge (2012) 155
9. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 6.13 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum Boarium • Forum Romanum

 Found in books: Gorain (2019) 90; Lipka (2021) 160


6.13. 1. \xa0It is said that in this battle two men on horseback, far excelling in both beauty and stature those our human stock produces, and just growing their first beard, appeared to Postumius, the dictator, and to those arrayed about him, and charged at the head of the Roman horse, striking with their spears all the Latins they encountered and driving them headlong before them. And after the flight of the Latins and the capture of their camp, the battle having come to an end in the late afternoon, two youths are said to have appeared in the same manner in the Roman Forum attired in military garb, very tall and beautiful and of the same age, themselves retaining on their counteces as having come from a battle, the look of combatants, and the horses they led being all in a sweat.,2. \xa0And when they had each of them watered their horses and washed them at the fountain which rises near the temple of Vesta and forms a small but deep pool, and many people stood about them and inquired if they brought any news from the camp, they related how the battle had gone and that the Romans were the victors. And it is said that after they left the Forum they were not seen again by anyone, though great search was made for them by the man who had been left in command of the city.,3. \xa0The next day, when those at the head of affairs received the letters from the dictator, and besides the other particulars of the battle, learned also of the appearance of the divinities, they concluded, as we may reasonably infer, that it was the same gods who had appeared in both places, and were convinced that the apparitions had been those of Castor and Pollux.,4. \xa0of this extraordinary and wonderful appearance of these gods there are many monuments at Rome, not only the temple of Castor and Pollux which the city erected in the Forum at the place where their apparitions had been seen, and the adjacent fountain, which bears the names of these gods and is to this day regarded as holy, but also the costly sacrifices which the people perform each year through their chief priests in the month called Quintilis, on the day known as the Ides, the day on which they gained this victory. But above all these things there is the procession performed after the sacrifice by those who have a public horse and who, being arrayed by tribes and centuries, ride in regular ranks on horseback, as if they came from battle, crowned with olive branches and attired in the purple robes with stripes of scarlet which they call trabeae. They begin their procession from a certain temple of Mars built outside the walls, and going through several parts of the city and the Forum, they pass by the temple of Castor and Pollux, sometimes to the number even of five thousand, wearing whatever rewards for valour in battle they have received from their commanders, a fine sight and worthy of the greatness of the Roman dominion.,5. \xa0These are the things I\xa0have found both related and performed by the Romans in commemoration of the appearance of Castor and Pollux; and from these, as well as from many other important instances, one may judge how dear to the gods were the men of those times. ''. None
10. Ovid, Ars Amatoria, 3.117 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum Romanum • Forum, cattle in

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 106; Talbert (1984) 114


3.117. Curia, concilio quae nunc dignissima tanto,''. None		3.117. Then crop the flow'r which yet invites your eye,"". None
11. Ovid, Fasti, 5.551-5.568, 6.477-6.478, 6.569-6.572, 6.613-6.626, 6.637-6.638 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Forum Augustum • Forum Boarium, Rome • Forum, divine gaze over • Rome, Forum Boarium • Rome, Forum of Augustus • Rome, Forum of Augustus, Alexander memorabilia in • Rome, Forum of Augustus, and Apollo • Rome, Forum of Augustus, and Athena Aleana • relationship with Caesar’s forum, and the summi viri

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 29, 50, 294, 329; Panoussi(2019) 189, 195, 196, 197; Rutledge (2012) 117, 171, 197, 256


5.551. Ultor ad ipse suos caelo descendit honores 5.552. templaque in Augusto conspicienda foro. 5.553. et deus est ingens et opus: debebat in urbe 5.554. non aliter nati Mars habitare sui. 5.555. digna Giganteis haec sunt delubra tropaeis: 5.556. hinc fera Gradivum bella movere decet, 5.557. seu quis ab Eoo nos impius orbe lacesset, 5.558. seu quis ab occiduo sole domandus erit. 5.559. prospicit armipotens operis fastigia summi 5.560. et probat invictos summa tenere deos. 5.561. prospicit in foribus diversae tela figurae 5.562. armaque terrarum milite victa suo. 5.563. hinc videt Aenean oneratum pondere caro 5.564. et tot Iuleae nobilitatis avos: 5.565. hinc videt Iliaden humeris ducis arma ferentem, 5.566. claraque dispositis acta subesse viris, 5.567. spectat et Augusto praetextum nomine templum, 5.568. et visum lecto Caesare maius opus.
6.477. pontibus et magno iuncta est celeberrima Circo 6.478. area, quae posito de bove nomen habet:
6.569. Lux eadem, Fortuna, tua est auctorque locusque; 6.570. sed superiniectis quis latet iste togis? 6.571. Servius est, hoc constat enim, sed causa latendi 6.572. discrepat et dubium me quoque mentis habet,
6.613. signum erat in solio residens sub imagine Tulli; 6.614. dicitur hoc oculis opposuisse manum, 6.615. et vox audita est ‘voltus abscondite nostros, 6.616. ne natae videant ora nefanda meae.’ 6.617. veste data tegitur, vetat hanc Fortuna moveri 6.618. et sic e templo est ipsa locuta suo: 6.619. ‘ore revelato qua primum luce patebit 6.620. Servius, haec positi prima pudoris erit.’ 6.621. parcite, matronae, vetitas attingere vestes: 6.622. sollemni satis est voce movere preces, 6.623. sitque caput semper Romano tectus amictu, 6.624. qui rex in nostra septimus urbe fuit. 6.625. arserat hoc templum, signo tamen ille pepercit 6.626. ignis: opem nato Mulciber ipse tulit,
6.637. Te quoque magnifica, Concordia, dedicat aede 6.638. Livia, quam caro praestitit ipsa viro.''. None		5.551. Am I wrong, or did weapons clash? I’m not: they clashed, 5.552. Mars comes, giving the sign for war as he comes. 5.553. The Avenger himself descends from the sky 5.554. To view his shrine and honours in Augustus’ forum. 5.555. The god and the work are mighty: Mar 5.556. Could not be housed otherwise in his son’s city. 5.557. The shrine is worthy of trophies won from Giants: 5.558. From it the Marching God initiates fell war, 5.559. When impious men attack us from the East, 5.560. Or those from the setting sun must be conquered. 5.561. The God of Arms sees the summits of the work, 5.562. And approves of unbeaten gods holding the heights. 5.563. He sees the various weapons studding the doors, 5.564. Weapons from lands conquered by his armies. 5.565. Here he views Aeneas bowed by his dear burden, 5.566. And many an ancestor of the great Julian line: 5.567. There he views Romulus carrying Acron’s weapon 5.568. And famous heroes’ deeds below their ranked statues.
6.477. Near the bridges and mighty Circus is a famous square, 6.478. One that takes its name from the statue of an ox:
6.569. Day, doubled the enemy’s strength. 6.570. Fortuna, the same day is yours, your temple 6.571. Founded by the same king, in the same place. 6.572. And whose is that statue hidden under draped robes?
6.613. Yet she still dared to visit her father’s temple, 6.614. His monument: what I tell is strange but true. 6.615. There was a statue enthroned, an image of Servius: 6.616. They say it put a hand to its eyes, 6.617. And a voice was heard: ‘Hide my face, 6.618. Lest it view my own wicked daughter.’ 6.619. It was veiled by cloth, Fortune refused to let the robe 6.620. Be removed, and she herself spoke from her temple: 6.621. ‘The day when Servius’ face is next revealed, 6.622. Will be a day when shame is cast aside.’ 6.623. Women, beware of touching the forbidden cloth, 6.624. (It’s sufficient to utter prayers in solemn tones) 6.625. And let him who was the City’s seventh king 6.626. Keep his head covered, forever, by this veil.
6.637. His father showed his paternity by touching the child’ 6.638. Head with fire, and a cap of flames glowed on his hair.''. None
12. Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture, 6.5.1-6.5.2 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar • Rome, Forum of Peace, cosmic significance of spoils in

 Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58, 64; Tuori (2016) 49


6.5.1. 1. The aspects proper for each part being appropriated, we must determine the situation of the private rooms for the master of the house, and those which are for general use, and for the guests. 6.5.2. 2. Those, however, who have to lay up stores that are the produce of the country, should have stalls and shops in their vestibules: under their houses they should have vaults (cryptæ), granaries (horrea), store rooms (apothecæ), and other apartments, suited rather to preserve such produce, than to exhibit a magnificent appearance.''. None
13. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Augustus/Octavian, and Forum Augustum exempla • Forum • Forum Augustum • Forum Iulium • Rome, Forum Romanum • Rome, Forum Romanum, Verres adorns • Rome, Forum Romanum, and Augustus • Rome, Forum of Augustus • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar, its collection • forum • forums, imperial • relationship with Caesar’s forum, and the Erechtheum • relationship with Caesar’s forum, caryatids in • statues, in the Forum Augustum • statues, quadrigate, in the Forum Augustum

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 49, 95, 334; Roller (2018) 154; Rutledge (2012) 5, 46, 235, 254, 292; Rüpke (2011) 126; Tuori (2016) 97; Xinyue (2022) 155, 156
14. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Forum • Forum Augustum • Rome, Forum Romanum

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 329; Rutledge (2012) 82; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 309
15. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum • Forum Boarium • Forum Holitorium • Forum Romanum • Forum, during civil unrest • Forum, funeral processions • Rome, Forum Boarium

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 156, 158; Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018) 265; Mowat (2021) 89; Rutledge (2012) 171; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 276, 309
16. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum Boarium, Rome • Forum, cattle in

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 273; Panoussi(2019) 178
17. Plutarch, Mark Antony, 60.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Forum Augustum • Rome, Forum of Peace, cosmic significance of spoils in

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 51; Rutledge (2012) 242


60.3. προσῳκείου δὲ ἑαυτὸν Ἀντώνιος Ἡρακλεῖ κατὰ γένος καὶ Διονύσῳ κατὰ τὸν τοῦ βίου ζῆλον, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, Διόνυσος νέος προσαγορευόμενος. ἡ δὲ αὐτὴ θύελλα καὶ τοὺς Εὐμενοῦς καὶ Ἀττάλου κολοσσοὺς ἐπιγεγραμμένους Ἀντωνείους Ἀθήνησιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μόνους ἐκ πολλῶν ἀνέτρεψε. ἡ δὲ Κλεοπάτρας ναυαρχὶς ἐκαλεῖτο μὲν Ἀντωνιάς, σημεῖον δὲ περὶ αὐτὴν δεινὸν ἐφάνη· χελιδόνες γὰρ ὑπὸ τὴν πρύμναν ἐνεόττευσαν· ἕτεραι δὲ ἐπελθοῦσαι καὶ ταύτας ἐξήλασαν καὶ τὰ νεόττια διέφθειραν.''. None		60.3. ''. None
18. Seneca The Younger, Letters, 55.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum Romanum • Forum, divine gaze over

 Found in books: Fertik (2019) 71; Jenkyns (2013) 26


55.3. As my habit is, I began to look about for something there that might be of service to me, when my eyes fell upon the villa which had once belonged to Vatia. So this was the place where that famous praetorian millionaire passed his old age! He was famed for nothing else than his life of leisure, and he was regarded as lucky only for that reason. For whenever men were ruined by their friendship with Asinius Gallus2 whenever others were ruined by their hatred of Sejanus, and later3 by their intimacy with him, – for it was no more dangerous to have offended him than to have loved him, – people used to cry out: "O Vatia, you alone know how to live!" ''. None
19. Tacitus, Annals, 2.49, 12.43 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus/Octavian, and Forum Augustum exempla • Forum • Forum Augustum • Forum Holitorium

 Found in books: Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018) 26, 162, 265; Roller (2018) 151; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 269; Tuori (2016) 164, 167


2.49. Isdem temporibus deum aedis vetustate aut igni abolitas coeptasque ab Augusto dedicavit, Libero Liberaeque et Cereri iuxta circum maximum, quam A. Postumius dictator voverat, eodemque in loco aedem Florae ab Lucio et Marco Publiciis aedilibus constitutam, et Iano templum, quod apud forum holitorium C. Duilius struxerat, qui primus rem Romanam prospere mari gessit triumphumque navalem de Poenis meruit. Spei aedes a Germanico sacratur: hanc A. Atilius voverat eodem bello.
12.43. Multa eo anno prodigia evenere. insessum diris avibus Capitolium, crebris terrae motibus prorutae domus, ac dum latius metuitur, trepidatione vulgi invalidus quisque obtriti; frugum quoque egestas et orta ex eo fames in prodigium accipiebatur. nec occulti tantum questus, sed iura reddentem Claudium circumvasere clamoribus turbidis, pulsumque in extremam fori partem vi urgebant, donec militum globo infensos perrupit. quindecim dierum alimenta urbi, non amplius superfuisse constitit, magnaque deum benignitate et modestia hiemis rebus extremis subventum. at hercule olim Italia legionibus longinquas in provincias commeatus portabat, nec nunc infecunditate laboratur, sed Africam potius et Aegyptum exercemus, navibusque et casibus vita populi Romani permissa est.''. None		2.49. \xa0Nearly at the same time, he consecrated the temples, ruined by age or fire, the restoration of which had been undertaken by Augustus. They included a temple to Liber, Libera, and Ceres, close to the Circus Maximus, and vowed by Aulus Postumius, the dictator; another, on the same site, to Flora, founded by Lucius and Marcus Publicius in their aedileship, and a shrine of Janus, built in the Herb Market by Gaius Duilius, who first carried the Roman cause to success on sea and earned a naval triumph over the Carthaginians. The temple of Hope, vowed by Aulus Atilius in the same war, was dedicated by Germanicus. <
12.43. \xa0Many prodigies occurred during the year. Ominous birds took their seat on the Capitol; houses were overturned by repeated shocks of earthquake, and, as the panic spread, the weak were trampled underfoot in the trepidation of the crowd. A\xa0shortage of corn, again, and the famine which resulted, were construed as a supernatural warning. Nor were the complaints always whispered. Claudius, sitting in judgement, was surrounded by a wildly clamorous mob, and, driven into the farthest corner of the Forum, was there subjected to violent pressure, until, with the help of a body of troops, he forced a way through the hostile throng. It was established that the capital had provisions for fifteen days, no more; and the crisis was relieved only by the especial grace of the gods and the mildness of the winter. And yet, Heaven knows, in the past, Italy exported supplies for the legions into remote provinces; nor is sterility the trouble now, but we cultivate Africa and Egypt by preference, and the life of the Roman nation has been staked upon cargo-boats and accidents. <''. None
20. Tacitus, Histories, 1.4, 1.17, 1.32, 1.36, 1.40, 1.43, 3.67-3.68, 3.71, 3.85 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum • Forum Holitorium • Forum, during civil unrest • Forum, gladiatorial shows • Rome, Forum Romanum • forum

 Found in books: Baumann and Liotsakis (2022) 186, 188, 189; Edmondson (2008) 97; Jenkyns (2013) 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 179; Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018) 26; Rutledge (2012) 156


3.67. \xa0Vitellius's ears were deaf to all sterner counsels. His mind was overwhelmed by pity and anxiety for his wife and children, since he feared that if he made an obstinate struggle, he might leave the victor less mercifully disposed toward them. He had also his mother, who was bowed with years; but through an opportune death she anticipated by a\xa0few days the destruction of her house, having gained nothing from the elevation of her son to the principate but sorrow and good repute. On December eighteenth, when Vitellius heard of the defection of the legion and cohorts that had given themselves up at Narnia, he put on mourning and came down from his palace, surrounded by his household in tears; his little son was carried in a litter as if in a funeral procession. The voices of the people were flattering and untimely; the soldiers maintained an ominous silence." "3.68. \xa0There was no one so indifferent to human fortunes as not to be moved by the sight. Here was a Roman emperor who, but yesterday lord of all mankind, now, abandoning the seat of his high fortune, was going through the midst of his people and the heart of the city to give up his imperial power. Men had never seen or heard the like before. A\xa0sudden violent act had crushed the dictator Caesar, a secret plot the emperor Gaius; night and the obscurity of the country had concealed the flight of Nero; Piso and Galba had fallen, so to say, on the field of battle. But now Vitellius, in an assembly called by himself, surrounded by his own soldiers, while even women looked on, spoke briefly and in a manner befitting his present sad estate, saying that he withdrew for the sake of peace and his country; he asked the people simply to remember him and to have pity on his brother, his wife, and his innocent young children. As he spoke, he held out his young son in his arms, commending him now to one or another, again to the whole assembly; finally, when tears choked his voice, taking his dagger from his side he offered it to the consul who stood beside him, as if surrendering his power of life and death over the citizens. The consul's name was Caecilius Simplex. When he refused it and the assembled people cried out in protest, Vitellius left them with the intention of depositing the imperial insignia in the Temple of Concord and after that going to his brother's home. Thereupon the people with louder cries opposed his going to a private house, but called him to the palace. Every other path was blocked against him; the only road open was along the Sacred Way. Then in utter perplexity he returned to the palace." '
3.71. \xa0Martialis had hardly returned to the Capitol when the soldiers arrived in fury. They had no leader; each directed his own movements. Rushing through the Forum and past the temples that rise above it, they advanced in column up the hill, as far as the first gates of the Capitoline citadel. There were then some old colonnades on the right as you go up the slopes; the defenders came out on the roofs of these and showered stones and tiles on their assailants. The latter had no arms except their swords, and they thought that it would cost too much time to send for artillery and missiles; consequently they threw firebrands on a projecting colonnade, and then followed in the path of the flames; they actually burned the gates of the Capitol and would have forced their way through, if Sabinus had not torn down all the statues, memorials to the glory of our ancestors, and piled them up across the entrance as a barricade. Then the assailants tried different approaches to the Capitol, one by the grove of the asylum and another by the hundred steps that lead up to the Tarpeian Rock. Both attacks were unexpected; but the one by the asylum was closer and more threatening. Moreover, the defenders were unable to stop those who climbed through neighbouring houses, which, built high in time of peace, reached the level of the Capitol. It is a question here whether it was the besiegers or the besieged who threw fire on the roofs. The more common tradition says this was done by the latter in their attempts to repel their assailants, who were climbing up or had reached the top. From the houses the fire spread to the colonnades adjoining the temple; then the "eagles" which supported the roof, being of old wood, caught and fed the flames. So the Capitol burned with its doors closed; none defended it, none pillaged it.
3.85. \xa0Vitellius was forced at the point of the sword now to lift his face and offer it to his captors\' insults, now to see his own statues falling, and to look again and again on the rostra or the place where Galba had been killed. Finally, the soldiers drove him to the Gemonian stairs where the body of Flavius Sabinus had recently been lying. His only utterance marked his spirit as not ignoble, for when the tribune insulted him, he replied, "Yet I\xa0was your Emperor." Then he fell under a shower of blows; and the people attacked his body after he was dead with the same base spirit with which they had fawned on him while he lived.' ". None
21. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Aeneas, in Augustus’ forum • Anchises, in Augustus’ forum • Augustus/Octavian, and Forum Augustum exempla • Forum Augustum • Iulus, in Augustus’ forum • Rome, Forum Romanum, pictures displayed in • Rome, Forum of Augustus • Rome, Forum of Augustus, and Athena Aleana • Rome, Forum of Augustus, kings of Alba Longa in • Rome, Forum of Nerva • Romulus, in Augustus’ forum • dominus et deus, and the Forum Transitorium • forum • relationship with Caesar’s forum, and the summi viri • relationship with Caesar’s forum, caryatids in • statues, in the Forum Augustum • statues, quadrigate, in the Forum Augustum

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008) 33; Roller (2018) 117, 154; Rutledge (2012) 77, 174, 251; Xinyue (2022) 155, 156
22. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar, its collection • forum

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008) 93; Rutledge (2012) 232; Tuori (2016) 49
23. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Rome, Forum Romanum • forum

 Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 71, 73; Rutledge (2012) 82
24. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus, Forum of • Forum Augustum • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar • Rome, Forum of Peace, and Venus

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 51; Rutledge (2012) 58, 303
25. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum, business in • forum

 Found in books: Edmondson (2008) 103; Jenkyns (2013) 168
26. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus,finishes the Forum of Julius Caesar • Forum • Rome, Forum Romanum • Rome, Forum Romanum, pictures displayed in • Rome, Forum of Augustus • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar • Rome, Forum of Julius Caesar, its collection • Rome, Forum of Peace, and Venus • Rome, Forum of Peace, cosmic significance of spoils in • forum • forum, of Julius Caesar • forums, functions of • relationship with Caesar’s forum, caryatids in • rule, Forum Julium

 Found in books: Borg (2008) 111; Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 92; Edmondson (2008) 78, 80, 81, 91, 93; Rutledge (2012) 64, 77, 227, 231, 261, 303; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 291
27. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum • Forum, gladiatorial shows • Forum, political dimensions • Rome, Forum Romanum

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 90; Rutledge (2012) 154
28. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 44.4.4, 55.10.3, 60.25.2-60.25.3, 69.18.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Aeneas, in Augustus’ forum • Anchises, in Augustus’ forum • Forum • Forum Augusti • Iulus, in Augustus’ forum • Rome, Forum Romanum • Rome, Forum Romanum, and Augustus • Rome, Forum Romanum, pictures displayed in • Rome, Forum of Augustus • Rome, Forum of Augustus, and Athena Aleana • Rome, Forum of Augustus, kings of Alba Longa in • Rome, Forum of Peace, and Venus • Romulus, in Augustus’ forum • forum • forum, of Julius Caesar • forums, functions of • relationship with Caesar’s forum, and the summi viri • relationship with Caesar’s forum, caryatids in

 Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 92; Edmondson (2008) 23, 77, 93; Rutledge (2012) 77, 132, 251, 292, 303; Talbert (1984) 117; Tuori (2016) 210


44.4.4. \xa0In addition to these remarkable privileges they named him father of his country, stamped this title on the coinage, voted to celebrate his birthday by public sacrifice, ordered that he should have a statue in the cities and in all the temples of Rome,
55.10.3. \xa0that the senate should take its votes there in regard to the granting of triumphs, and that the victors after celebrating them should dedicate to this Mars their sceptre and their crown; that such victors and all others who receive triumphal honours should have their statues in bronze erected in the Forum;
60.25.2. \xa0Accordingly, as in earlier times, one of the praetors, one of the tribunes, and one of each of the other groups of officials recited the oaths for their colleagues. This practice was followed for several years. In view of the fact that the city was becoming filled with a great multitude of images (for any who wished were free to have their likenesses appear in public in a painting or in bronze or marble), 60.25.3. \xa0Claudius removed most of them elsewhere and for the future forbade that any private citizen should be allowed to follow the practice, except by permission of the senate or unless he should have built or repaired some public work; for he permitted such persons and their relatives to have their images set up in the places in question.' "
69.18.3. \xa0In this connexion the following anecdote is related of Cornelius Fronto, who was the foremost Roman of the time in pleading before the courts. One night he was returning home from dinner very late, and ascertained from a man whose counsel he had promised to be that Turbo was already holding court. Accordingly, just as he was, in his dinner dress, he went into Turbo's court-room and greeted him, not with the morning salutation, Salve, but with the one appropriate to the evening, Vale."'. None
29. Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 16.10.13-16.10.15 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Forum of Peace • Forum of Trajan • Rome, Forum Romanum, pictures displayed in • Rome, Forum of Peace • Rome, Forum of Peace, Josephus describes • Rome, Forum of Peace, and the Domus Aurea • Rome, Forum of Peace, cosmic significance of spoils in • Rome, Forum of Peace, its collection • Rome, Forum of Peace, its name • Rome, Forum of Peace, spoils of Jewish War adorn • Trajans Forum

 Found in books: Jenkyns (2013) 263; Rutledge (2012) 104, 272


16.10.13. So then he entered Rome, the home of empire and of every virtue, and when he had come to the Rostra, the most renowned forum of ancient dominion, he stood amazed; and on every side on which his eyes rested he was dazzled by the array of marvellous sights. He addressed the nobles in the senate-house and the populace from the tribunal, and being welcomed to the palace with manifold attentions, he enjoyed a longed-for pleasure; and on several occasions, when holding equestrian games, he took delight in the sallies of the commons, who were neither presumptuous nor regardless of their old-time freedom, while he himself also respectfully observed the due mean. 16.10.14. For he did not (as in the case of other cities) permit the contests to be terminated at his own discretion, but left them (as the custom is) to various chances. Then, as he surveyed the sections of the city and its suburbs, lying within the summits of the seven hills, along their slopes, or on level ground, he thought that whatever first met his gaze towered above all the rest: the sanctuaries of Tarpeian Jove so far surpassing as things divine excel those of earth; the baths built up to the measure of provinces; the huge bulk of the amphitheatre, strengthened by its framework of Tiburtine stone, Travertine. to whose top human eyesight barely ascends; the Pantheon like a rounded city-district, Regio here refers to one of the regions, or districts, into which the city was divided. vaulted over in lofty beauty; and the exalted heights which rise with platforms to which one may mount, and bear the likenesses of former emperors; The columns of Trajan, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. The platform at the top was reached by a stairway within the column. the Temple of the City, The double temple of Venus and Roma, built by Hadriian and dedicated in A.D. 135 the Forum of Peace, The Forum Pacis, or Vespasiani, was begun by Vespasian in A.D. 71, after the taking of Jerusalem, and dedicated in 75. It lay behind the basilica Aemilia. the Theatre of Pompey, Built in 55 B.C. in the Campus Martius. the Oleum, A building for musical performances, erected by Domitian, probably near his Stadium. the Stadium, The Stadium of Domitian in the Campus Martius, the shape and size of which is almost exactly preserved by the modern Piazza Navona. and amongst these the other adornments of the Eternal City. 16.10.15. But when he came to the Forum of Trajan, a construction unique under the heavens, as we believe, and admirable even in the uimous opinion of the gods, he stood fast in amazement, turning his attention to the gigantic complex about him, beggaring description and never again to be imitated by mortal men. Therefore abandoning all hope of attempting anything like it, he said that he would and could copy Trajan’s steed alone, which stands in the centre of the vestibule, carrying the emperor himself.''. None
30. None, None, nan
 Tagged with subjects: • Augustus/Octavian, and Forum Augustum exempla • Forum Augustum • Forum Clodii • Rome, Arch of Tiberius, lost, in Forum Romanum • Rome, Forum Augustum

 Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 197, 471; Nuno et al (2021) 224; Roller (2018) 151, 190



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