1. Herodotus, Histories, 1.84 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 161| 1.84. Σάρδιες δὲ ἥλωσαν ὧδε. ἐπειδὴ τεσσερεσκαιδεκάτη ἐγένετο ἡμέρη πολιορκεομένῳ Κροίσῳ, Κῦρος τῇ στρατιῇ τῇ ἑωυτοῦ διαπέμψας ἱππέας προεῖπε τῷ πρώτῳ ἐπιβάντι τοῦ τείχεος δῶρα δώσειν. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο πειρησαμένης τῆς στρατιῆς ὡς οὐ προεχώρεε, ἐνθαῦτα τῶν ἄλλων πεπαυμένων ἀνὴρ Μάρδος ἐπειρᾶτο προσβαίνων, τῷ οὔνομα ἦν Ὑροιάδης, κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος τῇ οὐδεὶς ἐτέτακτο φύλακος· οὐ γὰρ ἦν δεινὸν κατὰ τοῦτο μὴ ἁλῷ κοτέ. ἀπότομός τε γὰρ ἐστὶ ταύτῃ ἡ ἀκρόπολις καὶ ἄμαχος· τῇ οὐδὲ Μήλης ὁ πρότερον βασιλεὺς Σαρδίων μούνῃ οὐ περιήνεικε τὸν λέοντα τὸν οἱ ἡ παλλακὴ ἔτεκε, Τελμησσέων δικασάντων ὡς περιενειχθέντος τοῦ λέοντος τὸ τεῖχος ἔσονται Σάρδιες ἀνάλωτοι. ὁ δὲ Μήλης κατὰ τὸ ἄλλο τεῖχος περιενείκας, τῇ ἦν ἐπίμαχον τὸ χωρίον 1 τῆς ἀκροπόλιος, κατηλόγησε τοῦτο ὡς ἐὸν ἄμαχόν τε καὶ ἀπότομον· ἔστι δὲ πρὸς τοῦ Τμώλου τετραμμένον τῆς πόλιος. ὁ ὦν δὴ Ὑροιάδης οὗτος ὁ Μάρδος ἰδὼν τῇ προτεραίῃ τῶν τινα Λυδῶν κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος καταβάντα ἐπὶ κυνέην ἄνωθεν κατακυλισθεῖσαν καὶ ἀνελόμενον, ἐφράσθη καὶ ἐς θυμὸν ἐβάλετο· τότε δὲ δὴ αὐτός τε ἀναβεβήκεε καὶ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἄλλοι Περσέων ἀνέβαινον· προσβάντων δὲ συχνῶν οὕτω δὴ Σάρδιές τε ἡλώκεσαν καὶ πᾶν τὸ ἄστυ ἐπορθέετο. | 1.84. This is how Sardis was taken. When Croesus had been besieged for fourteen days, Cyrus sent horsemen around in his army to promise to reward whoever first mounted the wall. ,After this the army made an assault, but with no success. Then, when all the others were stopped, a certain Mardian called Hyroeades attempted to mount by a part of the acropolis where no guard had been set, since no one feared that it could be taken by an attack made here. ,For here the height on which the acropolis stood is sheer and unlikely to be assaulted; this was the only place where Meles the former king of Sardis had not carried the lion which his concubine had borne him, the Telmessians having declared that if this lion were carried around the walls, Sardis could never be taken. Meles then carried the lion around the rest of the wall of the acropolis where it could be assaulted, but neglected this place, because the height was sheer and defied attack. It is on the side of the city which faces towards Tmolus. ,The day before, then, Hyroeades, this Mardian, had seen one of the Lydians come down by this part of the acropolis after a helmet that had fallen down, and fetch it; he took note of this and considered it. ,And now he climbed up himself, and other Persians after him. Many ascended, and thus Sardis was taken and all the city sacked. |
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2. Cicero, On Invention, 1.46-1.49 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 147| 1.46. Probabile autem est id, quod fere solet fieri aut quod in opinione positum est aut quod habet in se ad haec quandam similitudinem, sive id falsum est sive verum. in eo genere, quod fere fieri solet, probabile huiusmodi est: si mater est, diligit filium; si avarus est, neglegit ius iurandum. in eo autem, quod in opinione positum est, huiusmodi sunt probabilia: impiis apud inferos poenas esse praeparatas; eos, qui philosophiae dent operam, non arbitrari deos esse. similitudo autem in contrariis et ex paribus et in iis rebus, quae sub ean- dem rationem cadunt, maxime spectatur. in contrariis, hoc modo: nam si iis, qui inprudentes laeserunt, ignosci convenit, iis, qui necessario profuerunt, haberi gratiam non oportet. ex pari, sic: 1.49. conparabile autem est, quod in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem continet. eius partes sunt tres: imago, conlatio, exemplum. imago est oratio demonstrans corporum aut naturarum simi- litudinem. conlatio est oratio rem cum re ex simili- tudine conferens. exemplum est, quod rem auctoritate aut casu alicuius hominis aut negotii confirmat aut in- firmat. horum exempla et descriptiones in praeceptis elocutionis cognoscentur. Ac fons quidem confirmationis, ut facultas tulit, apertus est nec minus dilucide, quam rei natura fere- bat, demonstratus est; quemadmodum autem quaeque constitutio et pars constitutionis et omnis contro- versia, sive in ratione sive in scripto versabitur, tractari debeat et quae in quamque argumentationes conve- niant, singillatim in secundo libro de uno quoque ge- nere dicemus. in praesentia tantummodo numeros et modos et partes argumentandi confuse et permixtim dispersimus; post discripte et electe in genus quodque causae, quid cuique conveniat, ex hac copia digeremus. | 1.46. But that is probable which is accustomed generally to take place, or which depends upon the opinion of men, or which contains some resemblance to these properties, whether it be false or true. In that description of subject, the most usual probable argument is something of this sort:—"If she is his mother, she loves her son." "If he is an avaricious man, he neglects his oath." But in the case which depends mainly on opinion, probable arguments are such as this: "That there are punishments prepared in the shades below for impious men."—" That those men who give their attention to philosophy do not think that there are gods." But resemblance is chiefly seen in things which are contrary to one another, or equal to one another, and in those things which fall under the same principle. In things contrary to one another, in this manner:—"For if it is right that those men should be pardoned who have injured me unintentionally, it is also fitting that one should feel no gratitude towards those who have benefited me because they could not help it." 1.49. But that is a decision admitting of comparisons, which in a multitude of different circumstances contains some principle which is alike in all. Its parts are three,—representation collation, example. A Representation is a statement demonstrating some resemblance of bodies or natures; Collation is a statement comparing one thing with another, because of their likeness to one another; Example is that which confirms or invalidates a case by some authority, or by what has happened to some man, or under some especial circumstances. Instances of these things, and descriptions of them, will be given amid the precepts for oratory. And the source of all confirmations has been already explained as occasion offered, and has been demonstrated no less clearly than the nature of the case required. But how each separate statement, and each part of a statement, and every dispute ought to be handled,—whether we refer to verbal discussion or to writings,—and what arguments are suitable for each kind of discussion, we will mention, speaking separately of each kind, in the second book. At present we have only dropped hints about the numbers, and moods, and parts of arguing in an irregular and promiscuous manner; hereafter we will digest (making careful distinctions between and selections from each kind of cause) what is suitable for each kind of discussion, culling it out of this abundance which we have already displayed. |
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3. Cicero, Topica, 68-71 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 154| 71. parium autem comparatio nec elationem habet nec summissionem; est enim aequalis. Multa autem sunt quae aequalitate ipsa comparantur comparantur OLbf : comparentur codd. ; quae ita fere con- cluduntur: Si consilio iuvare cives et auxilio aequa in laude ponendum est, pari gloria debent esse ei qui consu- lunt et ei qui defendunt; at quod at quod O b cf : atqui Boethius : et quod codd. primum, est; quod sequitur igitur. Perfecta est omnis argumentorum invenien- dorum praeceptio, ut, cum profectus sis a definitione, a partitione, a notatione, a coniugatis, a genere, a formis, a similitudine, a differentia, a contrariis, ab adiunctis, a consequentibus, ab antecedentibus, a repugtibus, a causis, ab effectis, a comparatione maiorum minorum parium, nulla praeterea sedes argumenti quaerenda sit. | |
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| 4. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 13.1.1-13.1.2 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 151 |
| 5. Livy, History, 1.1.1, 2.20.10, 5.12.5, 5.19.10-5.19.11, 5.20.1-5.20.2, 5.21.10, 5.23.3-5.23.6, 5.23.8, 5.24-5.28, 5.24.2-5.24.11, 5.25.10-5.25.12, 5.26.10, 5.27.8, 5.27.10, 5.28.1-5.28.5, 5.28.8, 5.32.9, 5.33.1, 5.33.7-5.33.11, 5.36.1, 5.37.1, 5.39.1, 5.43.6-5.43.7, 5.46.10, 5.49.8, 5.51-5.55, 32.12.3, 39.40.5 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 270 |
6. Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory, 8.6.8-8.6.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 147 | 8.6.9. It is a comparison when I say that a man did something like a lion, it is a metaphor when I say of him, He is a lion. Metaphors fall into four classes. In the first we substitute one living thing for another, as in the passage where the poet, speaking of a charioteer, says, "The steersman then With mighty effort wrenched his charger round." or when Livy says that Scipio was continually barked at by Cato. |
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7. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 6.5.1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 151 | 6.5.1. When Camillus the consul besieged Falerii, a school-master brought over to the Roman camp several boys, amongst the most noble in the city, under pretence of taking them fo a walk outside. He did not doubt that if they were in the power of the Romans, the Falisci would submit to our general. After consultation, the senate decreed concerning this affair, that the boys should be sent home, flogging their master with rods along the way, while his hands were tied behind him. This justice of theirs overcame the minds of those, whose walls they were unable to storm. For the Falisci, overcome by their kindness, not by their arms, opened their gates to the Romans. |
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| 8. Plutarch, Camillus, 10.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 151, 162 |
| 9. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 6.24.2-6.24.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 151 |
| 10. Polyaenus, Stratagems, 2.14.4-2.14.12, 8.7.1 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 151, 270 |
| 11. Servius, Commentary On The Aeneid, 4.4, 7.723-7.732 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 148, 155 |
| 12. Eutrop., Flor. Epit., 1.6.5 Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 151 |
| 14. Anon., Ad Her., 4.59-4.60, 4.62 Tagged with subjects: •falerii veteres, faliscans Found in books: Poulsen, Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography (2021), 147 |
