| references | secondary books |
|---|---|
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 1.1 | Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 264 Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 8.136 | Katzoff, On Jews in the Roman World: Collected Studies (2019), 251 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 9.63.281 | Isaac, The invention of racism in classical antiquity (2004), 334 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 10 | Fabre-Serris et al., Identities, Ethnicities and Gender in Antiquity (2021), 95 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 10.27 | Fabre-Serris et al., Identities, Ethnicities and Gender in Antiquity (2021), 100, 101 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 10.28 | Fabre-Serris et al., Identities, Ethnicities and Gender in Antiquity (2021), 105 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 10.69 | Agri, Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism (2022), 161 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 11 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 12 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 13 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 14 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 15 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 16 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 17 | Miltsios, Leadership and Leaders in Polybius (2023), 49 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 18 | Miltsios, Leadership and Leaders in Polybius (2023), 49 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 19 | Miltsios, Leadership and Leaders in Polybius (2023), 49 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 20 | Miltsios, Leadership and Leaders in Polybius (2023), 49 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 21 | Miltsios, Leadership and Leaders in Polybius (2023), 49 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 22 | Miltsios, Leadership and Leaders in Polybius (2023), 49 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 23 | Miltsios, Leadership and Leaders in Polybius (2023), 49 Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 24 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 25 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 26 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 27 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 28 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 259, 260, 261 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 47 | Gruen, Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter (2020), 99 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 53 | Gruen, Rethinking the Other in Antiquity (2011), 136 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 62 | Gruen, Rethinking the Other in Antiquity (2011), 136 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 63 | Bickerman and Tropper, Studies in Jewish and Christian History (2007), 516 Gruen, Rethinking the Other in Antiquity (2011), 136 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 64 | Gruen, Rethinking the Other in Antiquity (2011), 136 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 66 | Nihan and Frevel, Purity and the Forming of Religious Traditions in the Ancient Mediterranean World and Ancient Judaism (2013), 298 Rutledge, Ancient Rome as a Museum: Power, Identity, and the Culture of Collecting (2012), 142, 57 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 69 | Gruen, Rethinking the Other in Antiquity (2011), 130 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 75 | Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022), 263 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 80 | Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 271 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 81 | Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 271, 273 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 84 | Ekroth, The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period (2013), 109 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 89 | Ekroth, The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period (2013), 109 Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 275 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 92 | Clackson et al., Migration, Mobility and Language Contact in and around the Ancient Mediterranean (2020), 68 Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 275 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 97 | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 159 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 98 | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 159 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 99 | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 159 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 108 | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 186, 187 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 109 | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 186, 187 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 112 | Lateiner and Spatharas, The Ancient Emotion of Disgust (2016), 178 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 117 | Richlin, Slave Theater in the Roman Republic: Plautus and Popular Comedy (2018), 360 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 118 | Richlin, Slave Theater in the Roman Republic: Plautus and Popular Comedy (2018), 360 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 128 | Isaac, The invention of racism in classical antiquity (2004), 217 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 129 | Isaac, The invention of racism in classical antiquity (2004), 217 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 130 | Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 271 Isaac, The invention of racism in classical antiquity (2004), 217 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 131 | Cohen, The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism (2010), 135 Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 271, 275 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 132 | Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 255 Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017), 53 Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023), 66 Isaac, The invention of racism in classical antiquity (2004), 309 Santangelo, Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond (2013), 127 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 133 | Rutledge, Ancient Rome as a Museum: Power, Identity, and the Culture of Collecting (2012), 53, 79 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 135 | Czajkowski et al., Law in the Roman Provinces (2020), 349, 352 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 136 | Czajkowski et al., Law in the Roman Provinces (2020), 349 Dinter and Guérin, Cultural Memory in Republican and Augustan Rome (2023), 396, 397 Giusti, Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries (2018), 264 Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012), 55 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 250 | Gruen, Rethinking the Other in Antiquity (2011), 132 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 511 | Amendola, The Demades Papyrus (P.Berol. inv. 13045): A New Text with Commentary (2022), 353 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, 539.8 | Henderson, The Springtime of the People: The Athenian Ephebeia and Citizen Training from Lykourgos to Augustus (2020), 14 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "5.18" | Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023), 238 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "13.50" | Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023), 119 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "27.132" | Star, Apocalypse and Golden Age: The End of the World in Greek and Roman Thought (2021), 71 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "48" | Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023), 116 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "102" | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 159 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "104" | Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023), 54 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "105" | Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023), 54 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "112" | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 244, 246 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "114" | Balbo and Santangelo, A Community in Transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi (2022), 160 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "133" | Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023), 116 |
| Appian, The Punic Wars, "135642" | Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023), 267 |