Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

8042

Mishnah, Sukkah, 4.6

nan As was its performance on a weekday, so was its performance on Shabbat, except that they would gather them on the eve of Shabbat and place them in golden basins so that they would not become wilted. Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: they used to bring palm branches and they would beat them on the ground at the sides of the altar, and that day was called “[the day of] the beating of the palm branches.”"

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

8 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 23.40 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 23.40. And ye shall take you on the first day the fruit of goodly trees, branches of palm-trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook, and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days."
2. Mishnah, Kelim, 1.8-1.9 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) 1.8. The area within the wall [of Jerusalem] is holier, for it is there that lesser holy things and second tithe may be eaten. The Temple Mount is holier, for zavim, zavot, menstruants and women after childbirth may not enter it. The chel is holier, for neither non-Jews nor one who contracted corpse impurity may enter it. The court of women is holier, for a tevul yom may not enter it, though he is not obligated a hatat for doing so. The court of the Israelites is holier, for a man who has not yet offered his obligatory sacrifices may not enter it, and if he enters he is liable for a hatat. The court of the priests is holier, for Israelites may not enter it except when they are required to do so: for laying on of the hands, slaying or waving." 1.9. The area between the porch (ulam) and the altar is holier, for [priests] who have blemishes or unkempt hair may not enter it. The Hekhal is holier, for no one whose hands or feet are unwashed may enter it. The Holy of Holies is holier, for only the high priest, on Yom Kippur, at the time of the service, may enter it. Rabbi Yose said: in five respects the area between the porch and the altar is equal to the Hekhal, for those afflicted with blemishes or with a wild growth of hair, or who have drunk wine or whose hands or feet are unwashed may not enter there, and the people must keep away from the area between the porch and the altar when the incense is being burned."
3. Mishnah, Sukkah, 3.13, 4.4-4.5, 4.9-4.10, 5.1-5.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) 3.13. If the first day of the festival falls on Shabbat, all the people bring their lulavim to the synagogue [on Friday]. The next day they arise early [and come to the synagogue] and each one recognizes his own [lulav] and takes it, since the sages said “one cannot fulfill his obligation on the first day of the festival with his friend’s lulav.” But on the other days of the festival one may fulfill his obligation with the lulav of his fellow." 4.4. The mitzvah of the lulav how was it carried out? If the first day of the festival fell on Shabbat, they brought their lulavim to the Temple Mount, and the attendants would receive them and arrange them on top of the portico, and the elders laid theirs in the chamber. And they would teach the people to say, “Whoever gets my lulav in his hand, let it be his as a gift.” The next day they got up early, and came [to the Temple Mount] and the attendants threw down [their lulavim] before them, and they snatched at them, and so they used to come to blows with one another. When the court saw that they reached a state of danger, they instituted that each man should take [his lulav] in his own home." 4.5. The mitzvah of the aravah how was it [performed]?There was a place below Jerusalem called Moza. They went down there and gathered tall branches of aravot and then they came and stood them up at the sides of the altar, and their tops were bent over the altar. They then sounded a teki’ah [long blast], a teru’ah [staccato blast] and again a teki’ah. Every day they went round the altar once, saying, “O Lord, save us, O Lord, make us prosper” (Psalms 118:. Rabbi Judah says: “Ani vaho, save us.” On that day they went round the altar seven times. When they departed, what did they say? “O altar, beauty is to you! O altar, beauty is to you!” Rabbi Eliezer said: [they would say,] “To the Lord and to you, O altar, to the Lord and to you, O altar.”" 4.9. How was the water libation [performed]? A golden flask holding three logs was filled from the Shiloah. When they arrived at the water gate, they sounded a teki'ah [long blast], a teru'ah [a staccato note] and again a teki'ah. [The priest then] went up the ascent [of the altar] and turned to his left where there were two silver bowls. Rabbi Judah says: they were of plaster [but they looked silver] because their surfaces were darkened from the wine. They had each a hole like a slender snout, one being wide and the other narrow so that both emptied at the same time. The one on the west was for water and the one on the east for wine. If he poured the flask of water into the bowl for wine, or that of wine into that for water, he has fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Judah says: with one log he performed the ceremony of the water-libation all eight days. To [the priest] who performed the libation they used to say, “Raise your hand”, for one time, a certain man poured out the water over his feet, and all the people pelted him with their etrogs." 4.10. As it was performed on weekdays, so was it was performed on Shabbat, save that on the eve of Shabbat he would fill a non-sanctified golden barrel from the Shiloah, and place it in the chamber. If it was poured away or uncovered, he would refill it from the laver, for wine or water which has become uncovered is invalid for the altar." 5.1. The flute was for five or six days. This refers to the flute at the Bet Hashoevah [the place of the water-drawing] which does not override Shabbat or the festival day. They said: he who has not seen the Simchat Bet Hashoevah has never seen rejoicing in his life." 5.2. At the conclusion of the first festival day of Sukkot they descended to the Women’s Court (Ezrat Nashim) and they would make there a great enactment. And golden candlesticks were there, and four golden bowls on the top of each of them and four ladders to each, and four youths drawn from the young priests, and in their hands there were jars of oil containing one hundred and twenty logs which they poured into the bowls." 5.3. From the worn-out pants and belts of the priests they made wicks and with them they kindled the lamps. And there was not a courtyard in Jerusalem that was not illuminated by the light of the Bet Hashoevah." 5.4. Men of piety and good deeds used to dance before them with lighted torches in their hands, and they would sing songs and praises. And Levites with innumerable harps, lyres, cymbals and trumpets and other musical instruments stood upon the fifteen steps leading down from the Court of the Israelites to the Court of the Women, corresponding to the fifteen songs of ascents in the Psalms, and it was on these [steps] that the Levites stood with their musical instruments and sang their songs. Two priests stood by the upper gate which leads down from the Court of the Israelites to the Court of the Women, with two trumpets in their hands. When the cock crowed they sounded a teki'ah [drawn-out blast], a teru'ah [staccato note] and again a teki'ah. When they reached the tenth step they sounded a teki'ah, a teru'ah and again a teki'ah. When they reached the Court [of the Women] they sounded a teki'ah, a teru'ah and again a teki'ah. They would sound their trumpets and proceed until they reached the gate which leads out to the east. When they reached the gate which leads out to the east, they turned their faces from east to west and said, “Our fathers who were in this place ‘their backs were toward the Temple of the Lord, and their faces toward the east, and they worshipped the sun toward the east’, but as for us, our eyes are turned to the Lord.” Rabbi Judah said: they used to repeat [the last words] and say “We are the Lord’s and our eyes are turned to the Lord.”"
4. Tosefta, Eruvin, 3.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
5. Tosefta, Sukkah, 3.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 3.1. The lulav suspends the Sabbath in the beginning of its duty, and the willow in the end of its duty. There is a story that some Boethusians once hid the willows under some great stones on the Sabbath eve; but when this had become known to the common people they came and dragged them out from under the stones on the Sabbath, for the Boethusians do not acknowledge that the beating of the willow suspends the Sabbath."
6. Palestinian Talmud, Sukkah, 4.3 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
7. Babylonian Talmud, Sukkah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) 45b. אסרו חג בעבותים עד קרנות המזבח א"ר ירמיה משום ר"ש בן יוחי ור' יוחנן משום ר"ש המחוזי משום ר' יוחנן המכותי כל העושה איסור לחג באכילה ושתיה מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו בנה מזבח והקריב עליו קרבן שנא' אסרו חג בעבותים עד קרנות המזבח,אמר חזקיה א"ר ירמיה משום רשב"י כל המצות כולן אין אדם יוצא בהן אלא דרך גדילתן שנאמר (שמות כו, טו) עצי שטים עומדים,תנ"ה עצי שטים עומדים שעומדים דרך גדילתן דבר אחר עומדים שמעמידין את ציפוין דבר אחר עומדים שמא תאמר אבד סיברם ובטל סיכויין ת"ל עצי שטים עומדים שעומדים לעולם ולעולמי עולמים,ואמר חזקיה א"ר ירמיה משום רשב"י יכול אני לפטור את כל העולם כולו מן הדין מיום שנבראתי עד עתה ואילמלי אליעזר בני עמי מיום שנברא העולם ועד עכשיו ואילמלי יותם בן עוזיהו עמנו מיום שנברא העולם עד סופו,ואמר חזקיה א"ר ירמיה משום רשב"י ראיתי בני עלייה והן מועטין אם אלף הן אני ובני מהן אם מאה הם אני ובני מהן אם שנים הן אני ובני הן ומי זוטרי כולי האי והא אמר רבא תמני סרי אלפי דרא הוה דקמיה קודשא בריך הוא שנאמר (יחזקאל מח, לה) סביב שמנה עשר אלף ל"ק הא דמסתכלי באספקלריא המאירה הא דלא מסתכלי באספקלריא המאירה,ודמסתכלי באספקלריא המאירה מי זוטרי כולי האי והא אמר אביי לא פחות עלמא מתלתין ושיתא צדיקי דמקבלי אפי שכינה בכל יום שנאמר (ישעיהו ל, יח) אשרי כל חוכי לו ל"ו בגימטריא תלתין ושיתא הוו ל"ק הא דעיילי בבר הא דעיילי בלא בר:,בשעת פטירתן מה הן אומרים וכו': והא קא משתתף שם שמים ודבר אחר ותניא כל המשתף שם שמים ודבר אחר נעקר מן העולם שנאמר (שמות כב, יט) בלתי לה' לבדו הכי קאמר ליה אנחנו מודים ולך אנו משבחין ליה אנחנו מודים ולך אנו מקלסין:,כמעשהו בחול: אמר רב הונא מ"ט דר' יוחנן בן ברוקה דכתיב (ויקרא כג, מ) כפות שנים אחת ללולב ואחת למזבח ורבנן אמרי כפת כתיב,ר' לוי אומר כתמר מה תמר זה אין לו אלא לב אחד אף ישראל אין להם אלא לב אחד לאביהם שבשמים,אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל לולב שבעה וסוכה יום אחד מ"ט לולב דמפסקי לילות מימים כל יומא מצוה באפיה נפשיה הוא סוכה דלא מפסקי לילות מימים כולהו שבעה כחד יומא אריכא דמו,ורבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן סוכה שבעה ולולב יום אחד מאי טעמא סוכה דאורייתא שבעה לולב דרבנן סגי ליה בחד יומא,כי אתא רבין אמר רבי יוחנן אחד זה ואחד זה שבעה אמר רב יוסף נקוט דרבה בר בר חנה בידך דכולהו אמוראי קיימי כוותיה בסוכה,מיתיבי 45b. b“Bind [ iisru /i] with dense-leaved branches [ iba’avotim /i] on the Festival until the horns of the altar”(Psalms 118:27), which alludes to both the binding of the ilulavand to the myrtle branch, referred to in the Torah as the branch of a dense-leaved tree [ ianaf etz avot /i]. bRabbi Yirmeya said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai, and Rabbi Yoḥasaid bin the name of Rabbi Shimon HaMeḥozi,who said bin the name of Rabbi Yoḥa HaMakkoti:With regard to banyone who establishes an addition [ iissur /i] to the Festivalon the day after the Festival bby eating and drinking, the verse ascribes himcredit bas though he built an altar and sacrificed an offering upon it, as it is stated: “Add [ iisru /i] to the Festival with fattened animals [ iba’avotim /i] until the horns of the altar.” /b,§ Apropos the ihalakhacited by Rabbi Yirmeya in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai, the Gemara cites additional ihalakhot /i. bḤizkiya saidthat bRabbi Yirmeya said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai:With regard to ballobjects used in performance of beach and everyone of bthe mitzvot, a person fulfills his obligation onlywhen the objects are positioned bin the manner of their growth.One must take the ilulavwith the bottom of the branch facing down, bas it is statedwith regard to the beams of the Tabernacle: b“Acacia wood, standing”(Exodus 26:15), indicating that the beams stood in the manner of their growth., bThat was also taughtin a ibaraita /i: b“Acacia wood, standing,”indicating bthat they standin the Tabernacle bin the manner of their growthin nature. bAlternatively, standingmeans bthatthe beams bsupport theirgold bplatingthat is affixed to the beams with nails. bAlternatively, standingteaches: bLest you saythat after the destruction of the Tabernacle btheir hope is lost and their prospect is abolished,and they will never serve a sacred purpose again, therefore bthe verse states: “Acacia wood, standing,”meaning bthat they stand forever and for all timeand will yet be revealed and utilized again., bAnd Ḥizkiya saidthat bRabbi Yirmeya said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: I am able to absolve the entire world from judgmentfor sins committed bfrom the day I was created until now.The merit that he accrued through his righteousness and the suffering that he endured atone for the sins of the entire world. bAnd werethe merit accrued by bEliezer, my son,calculated along bwith myown, we would absolve the world from judgment for sins committed bfrom the day that the world was created until now. And werethe merit accrued by the righteous king, bJotham ben Uzziah,calculated bwith ourown, we would absolve the world from judgment for sins committed bfrom the day that the world was created until its end.The righteousness of these three serves as a counterbalance to all the evil deeds committed throughout the generations, and it validates the ongoing existence of the world., bAnd Ḥizkiya saidthat bRabbi Yirmeya said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: I have seen membersof the caste bofthe spiritually bprominent,who are truly righteous, band they are few. If theynumber bone thousand, I and my son are among them. If theynumber bone hundred, I and my son are among them; and if theynumber btwo, I and my son are they.The Gemara asks: bAre they so few? But didn’t Rava say: There are eighteen thousandrighteous individuals bin a row before the Holy One, Blessed be He, as it is stated: “Surrounding are eighteen thousand”(Ezekiel 48:35)? Apparently, the righteous are numerous. The Gemara answers: This is bnot difficult. Thisstatement of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai is referring to the very few bwho viewthe Divine Presence bthrough a bright,mirror-like bpartition,while bthatstatement of Rava is referring to those bwho do not viewthe Divine Presence bthrough a bright partition. /b,The Gemara asks further: bAnd arethose bwho viewthe Divine Presence through ba bright partition so few? But didn’t Abaye say: The worldhas bno fewer than thirty-six righteouspeople in each generation bwho greet the Divine Presence every day, as it is stated: “Happy are all they that wait for Him [ ilo /i]”(Isaiah 30:18)? bThe numerological value of ilo /i,spelled ilamed vav /i, bis thirty-six,alluding to the fact that there are at least thirty-six full-fledged righteous individuals in each generation. The Gemara answers: This is bnot difficult. Thisstatement of Abaye is referring to those bwho enterto greet the Divine Presence bbyrequesting and being granted bpermission,while bthatstatement of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai is referring to those bwho entereven bwithoutrequesting bpermission,for whom the gates of Heaven are open at all times. They are very few indeed.,§ The mishna asks: bAt the time of their departureat the end of the Festival, bwhatwould bthey say?The mishna answers that they would praise the altar and glorify God. The Gemara challenges this: bButin doing so baren’t they joining the name of Heaven and another entity, and it was taughtin a ibaraita /i: bAnyone who joins the name of Heaven and another entity is uprooted from the world, as it is stated:“He that sacrifices unto the gods, bsave unto the Lord only,shall be utterly destroyed” (Exodus 22:19)? The Gemara answers that bthis is whatthe people bare sayingwhen they depart the Temple: bTo the Lord, we acknowledgethat He is our God, band to you,the altar, bwe give praise; to the Lord, we acknowledgethat He is our God, band to you,the altar, bwe give acclaim.The praise to God and the praise to the altar are clearly distinct.,§ The mishna continues: bAs its performance during the week,so is its performance on Shabbat. And according to Rabbi Yoḥa ben Beroka, on the seventh day of the Festival they would bring palm branches to the Temple. bRav Huna said: What is the rationalefor the opinion bof Rabbi Yoḥa ben Beroka?It is bas it is written:“And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of a beautiful tree, bbranchesof a date palm” (Leviticus 23:40). Branches in the plural indicates that btwobranches must be taken, bone for the ilulavand one forplacement around bthe altar. And the Rabbis say:Although the word is vocalized in the plural, based on tradition it bis written ikappot /i,without the letter ivav /i. Therefore, it is interpreted as if it were written ikappat /i, indicating that only one palm branch need be taken., bRabbi Levi says:The rationale for the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥa ben Beroka is not based on a verse. Rather, it is a custom that developed to express praise for the Jewish people, blikeningthem to ba date palm /b. bJust as the date palm has only one heart,as branches do not grow from its trunk but rather the trunk rises and branches emerge only at the top, bso too, the Jewish people have only one heartdirected btoward their Father in Heaven. /b,§ bRav Yehuda saidthat bShmuel said:The blessing over the mitzva of ilulav /iis recited bsevendays bandthe blessing over the mitzva of isukka /iis recited bone day. What is the rationalefor this distinction? It is written explicitly in the Torah that the mitzva to sit in the isukkaapplies all seven days. The Gemara explains: With regard to the ilulav /i, where the nights are distinct from the days,as the mitzva of ilulavis not in effect at night, beach day is a mitzva in and of itself.A separate blessing is recited over each mitzva. However, with regard to isukka /i, where the nights are not distinct from the days,as the mitzva of isukkais in effect at night just as it is during the day, the legal status of ball sevendays of the Festival bis likethat of bone long day. /b, bBut Rabba bar bar Ḥanasaid that bRabbi Yoḥa said:The blessing over the mitzva of isukka /iis recited bsevendays and the blessing over the mitzva of ilulav /iis recited bone day. What is the rationalefor this distinction? The Gemara explains: The mitzva of isukka /iis a mitzva bby Torahlaw all seven days of the Festival. Therefore, a blessing is recited for bsevendays. However, the mitzva of ilulav /i,other than on the first day, is a mitzva bby rabbiniclaw, as the Sages instituted an ordice to take the ilulavfor all seven days to commemorate the practice in the Temple. Therefore, bit is enoughto recite the blessing bone day,on the first day., bWhen Ravin camefrom Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he said that bRabbi Yoḥa said:One recites a blessing over bboth this,the mitzva of isukka /i, bandover bthat,the mitzva of ilulav /i, all bsevendays. bRav Yosef said: Takethe statement bof Rabba bar bar Ḥana in your hand, as all the iamora’im /iwho transmitted statements of Rabbi Yoḥa bhold in accordance with hisopinion binmatters related to isukka /i. /b,The Gemara braises an objectionbased on a ibaraita /i:
8. Anon., Midrash Psalms, 17.5 (4th cent. CE - 9th cent. CE)

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
albeck,h.	Rubenstein(1995) 115
altar	Rubenstein(1995) 107, 109, 114, 115, 153
angel	Rubenstein(1995) 114
babatha	Cohn (2013) 133
bar kokhba revolt	Cohn (2013) 133
circumambulation	Rubenstein(1995) 115
day of atonement narrative,contradicting earlier accounts	Cohn (2013) 133
eating	Rubenstein(1995) 107
eliav,yaron,on pilgrimage to the temple mount	Cohn (2013) 133
eliezer	Rubenstein(1995) 114
epstein,j. n.	Cohn (2013) 133
epstein,j.n.	Rubenstein(1995) 106
fertility	Rubenstein(1995) 114
flute	Rubenstein(1995) 106
fox,h.	Rubenstein(1995) 107
hallel	Rubenstein(1995) 106
haqhel	Rubenstein(1995) 115
hellenistic religion	Rubenstein(1995) 114
high priest	Rubenstein(1995) 115
josephus	Rubenstein(1995) 115
joy,rejoicing	Rubenstein(1995) 106
knohl,i.	Rubenstein(1995) 109
lulav	Rubenstein(1995) 106, 109, 115, 153
patai,r.	Rubenstein(1995) 114
pharisees	Rubenstein(1995) 109
praise	Rubenstein(1995) 114
prayer	Rubenstein(1995) 114
priest	Rubenstein(1995) 115
procession	Rubenstein(1995) 106, 109, 115
psalms	Rubenstein(1995) 106
qumran	Rubenstein(1995) 109
rain	Rubenstein(1995) 114
sabbath	Rubenstein(1995) 106, 107, 109, 115, 153
sacrifices	Rubenstein(1995) 109
safrai,s.	Rubenstein(1995) 109, 115
samaritan	Rubenstein(1995) 114
shmini aṣeret	Rubenstein(1995) 115
synagogue	Rubenstein(1995) 153
temple	Rubenstein(1995) 106, 109, 114, 153
trees	Rubenstein(1995) 107
trumpet	Rubenstein(1995) 107
water libation	Rubenstein(1995) 106, 114
willow	Rubenstein(1995) 106, 107, 114, 115, 153
willow procession	Rubenstein(1995) 106, 115
wine'	Rubenstein(1995) 115