1. Anaximander, Fragments, None (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE)
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2. Thales, Fragments, None (7th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE)
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3. Anaximenes of Miletus, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE)
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4. Heraclitus of Ephesus, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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5. Parmenides, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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6. Theognis, Elegies, 373 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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7. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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8. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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9. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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10. Herodotus, Histories, 2.123 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 2.123. These Egyptian stories are for the benefit of whoever believes such tales: my rule in this history is that I record what is said by all as I have heard it. The Egyptians say that Demeter and Dionysus are the rulers of the lower world. ,The Egyptians were the first who maintained the following doctrine, too, that the human soul is immortal, and at the death of the body enters into some other living thing then coming to birth; and after passing through all creatures of land, sea, and air, it enters once more into a human body at birth, a cycle which it completes in three thousand years. ,There are Greeks who have used this doctrine, some earlier and some later, as if it were their own; I know their names, but do not record them. |
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11. Plato, Gorgias, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 507e. a man who would be blessed with the needful justice and temperance; not letting one’s desires go unrestrained and in one’s attempts to satisfy them—an interminable trouble—leading the life of a robber. For neither to any of his fellow-men can such a one be dear, nor to God; since he cannot commune with any, and where there is no communion, there can be no friendship. Soc. And wise men tell us, Callicles, that heaven and earth |
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12. Sophocles, Electra, 176, 175 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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13. Sophocles, Women of Trachis, 127 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 127. You must not, I say, wear away fair hope. Remember that the all-accomplishing king, the son of Cronus, does not appoint a painless lot for mortals. Sorrow and joy revolve to all, as the stars of the Bear |
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14. Anaximander Iunior, Fragments, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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15. Porphyry, On Abstinence, 3.26.1-3.26.4 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
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16. Xenophanes, Fr. (W), None
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