Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

11094

Vergil, Georgics, 2.45-2.82
In manibus terrae; non hic te carmine ficto Pear-tree transformed the ingrafted apple yield
atque per ambages et longa exorsa tenebo. And stony cornels on the plum-tree blush.
Sponte sua quae se tollunt in luminis oras Come then, and learn what tilth to each belong
infecunda quidem, sed laeta et fortia surgunt; According to their kinds, ye husbandmen
quippe solo natura subest. Tamen haec quoque, si quis And tame with culture the wild fruits, lest earth
inserat aut scrobibus mandet mutata subactis Lie idle. O blithe to make all Ismaru
exuerint silvestrem animum cultuque frequenti One forest of the wine-god, and to clothe
in quascumque voles artis haud tarda sequentur. With olives huge Tabernus! And be thou
Nec non et sterilis, quae stirpibus exit ab imis At hand, and with me ply the voyage of toil
hoc faciat, vacuos si sit digesta per agros; I am bound on, O my glory, O thou that art
nunc altae frondes et rami matris opacant Justly the chiefest portion of my fame
crescentique adimunt fetus uruntque ferentem. Maecenas, and on this wide ocean launched
Iam quae seminibus iactis se sustulit arbos Spread sail like wings to waft thee. Not that I
tarda venit seris factura nepotibus umbram With my poor verse would comprehend the whole
pomaque degenerant sucos oblita priores Nay, though a hundred tongues, a hundred mouth
et turpis avibus praedam fert uva racemos. Were mine, a voice of iron; be thou at hand
Scilicet omnibus est labor inpendendus et omnes Skirt but the nearer coast-line; see the shore
cogendae in sulcum ac multa mercede domandae. Is in our grasp; not now with feigned song
Sed truncis oleae melius, propagine vites Through winding bouts and tedious preluding
respondent, solido Paphiae de robore myrtus; Shall I detain thee.
plantis et durae coryli nascuntur et ingens Those that lift their head
fraxinus Herculeaeque arbos umbrosa coronae Into the realms of light spontaneously
Chaoniique patris glandes, etiam ardua palma Fruitless indeed, but blithe and strenuous spring
nascitur et casus abies visura marinos. Since Nature lurks within the soil. And yet
Inseritur vero et fetu nucis arbutus horrida Even these, should one engraft them, or transplant
et steriles platani malos gessere valentis; To well-drilled trenches, will anon put of
castaneae fagus, ornusque incanuit albo Their woodland temper, and, by frequent tilth
flore piri glandemque sues fregere sub ulmis. To whatso craft thou summon them, make speed
Nec modus inserere atque oculos inponere simplex. To follow. So likewise will the barren shaft
Nam qua se medio trudunt de cortice gemmae That from the stock-root issueth, if it be
et tenuis rumpunt tunicas, angustus in ipso Set out with clear space amid open fields:
fit nodo sinus: huc aliena ex arbore germen Now the tree-mother's towering leaves and bough
includunt udoque docent inolescere libro. Darken, despoil of increase as it grows
Aut rursum enodes trunci resecantur et alte And blast it in the bearing. Lastly, that
finditur in solidum cuneis via, deinde feraces Which from shed seed ariseth, upward win
plantae inmittuntur: nec longum tempus, et ingens But slowly, yielding promise of its shade
exsilit ad caelum ramis felicibus arbos To late-born generations; apples wane
miraturque novas frondes et non sua poma. Forgetful of their former juice, the grape

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

21 results
1. Hesiod, Works And Days, 203-212, 202 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) 202. Might will be right and shame shall cease to be
2. Theocritus, Idylls, 7.133-7.146, 7.148, 7.154-7.157 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
3. Theophrastus, Plant Explanations, 1.6.10 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
4. Cicero, On The Nature of The Gods, 2.156-2.158 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 2.156. Then the earth, teeming with grain and vegetables of various kinds, which she pours forth in lavish abundance — does she appear to give birth to this produce for the sake of the wild beasts or for the sake of men? What shall I say of the vines and olives, whose bounteous and delightful fruits do not concern the lower animals at all? In fact the beasts of the field are entirely ignorant of the arts of sowing and cultivating, and of reaping and gathering the fruits of the earth in due season and storing them in garners; all these products are both enjoyed and tended by men. 2.157. Just as therefore we are bound to say that lyres and flutes were made for the sake of those who can use them, so it must be agreed that the things of which I have spoken have been provided for those only who make use of them, and even if some portion of them is filched or plundered by some of the lower animals, we shall not admit that they were created for the sake of these animals also. Men do not store up corn for the sake of mice and ants but for their wives and children and households; so the animals share these fruits of the earth only by stealth as I have said, whereas the masters enjoy them openly and freely. 2.158. It must therefore be admitted that all this abundance was provided for the sake of men, unless perchance the bounteous plenty and variety of our orchard fruit and the delightfulness not only of its flavour but also of its scent and appearance lead us to doubt whether nature intended this gift for man alone! So far is it from being true that the furs of the earth were provided for the sake of animals as well as men, that the animals themselves, as we may see, were created for the benefit of men. What other use have sheep save that their fleeces are dressed and woven into clothing for men? and in fact they could not have been reared nor sustained nor have produced anything of value without man's care and tendance. Then think of the dog, with its trusty watchfulness, its fawning affection for its master and hatred of strangers, its incredible keenness of scent in following a trail and its eagerness in hunting — what do these qualities imply except that they were created to serve the conveniences of men?
5. Varro, On Agriculture, 1.40.1, 1.40.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
6. Horace, Ars Poetica, 392-393, 391 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
7. Horace, Odes, 1.3, 1.5.13 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.3. I have proposed to myself, for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books into the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country, and sent to the Upper Barbarians; I, Joseph, the son of Matthias, by birth a Hebrew, a priest also, and one who at first fought against the Romans myself, and was forced to be present at what was done afterward [am the author of this work]. 1.3. 12. I have comprehended all these things in seven books, and have left no occasion for complaint or accusation to such as have been acquainted with this war; and I have written it down for the sake of those that love truth, but not for those that please themselves [with fictitious relations]. And I will begin my account of these things with what I call my First Chapter. 1.3. When Antigonus heard of this, he sent some of his party with orders to hinder, and lay ambushes for these collectors of corn. This command was obeyed, and a great multitude of armed men were gathered together about Jericho, and lay upon the mountains, to watch those that brought the provisions.
8. Horace, Letters, 2.1.233-2.1.234 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
9. Horace, Epodes, 11, 10 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
10. Horace, Sermones, 1.4.5 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
11. Lucretius Carus, On The Nature of Things, 1.15, 1.28, 1.136-1.145, 1.159-1.214, 1.250-1.261, 1.926-1.950, 1.1021-1.1028, 2.1-2.19, 2.342-2.380, 2.1058-2.1063, 3.316-3.318, 3.719-3.721, 3.1036, 4.2-4.3, 4.11-4.25, 5.186, 5.212, 5.419-5.431, 5.783-5.820, 5.878-5.924, 5.1345, 5.1361-5.1378, 5.1452, 6.654-6.655, 6.675-6.677 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
12. Ovid, Amores, 3.1 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
13. Ovid, Fasti, 1.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) 1.4. And direct the voyage of my uncertain vessel:
14. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 8.533, 11.428-11.429 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
15. Propertius, Elegies, 3.21, 3.24 (1st cent. BCE
16. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.1-1.7, 1.119, 1.254-1.296, 6.625, 10.1-10.117 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.1. Arms and the man I sing, who first made way 1.2. predestined exile, from the Trojan shore 1.3. to Italy, the blest Lavinian strand. 1.4. Smitten of storms he was on land and sea 1.5. by violence of Heaven, to satisfy 1.6. tern Juno's sleepless wrath; and much in war 1.7. he suffered, seeking at the last to found 1.119. follow the shock; low-hanging clouds conceal 1.254. His first shafts brought to earth the lordly heads 1.255. of the high-antlered chiefs; his next assailed 1.256. the general herd, and drove them one and all 1.257. in panic through the leafy wood, nor ceased 1.258. the victory of his bow, till on the ground 1.259. lay seven huge forms, one gift for every ship. 1.260. Then back to shore he sped, and to his friends 1.261. distributed the spoil, with that rare wine 1.262. which good Acestes while in Sicily 1.263. had stored in jars, and prince-like sent away 1.264. with his Ioved guest;—this too Aeneas gave; 1.266. “Companions mine, we have not failed to feel 1.267. calamity till now. O, ye have borne 1.268. far heavier sorrow: Jove will make an end 1.269. also of this. Ye sailed a course hard by 1.270. infuriate Scylla's howling cliffs and caves. 1.271. Ye knew the Cyclops' crags. Lift up your hearts! 1.272. No more complaint and fear! It well may be 1.273. ome happier hour will find this memory fair. 1.274. Through chance and change and hazard without end 1.275. our goal is Latium ; where our destinies 1.276. beckon to blest abodes, and have ordained 1.277. that Troy shall rise new-born! Have patience all! 1.279. Such was his word, but vexed with grief and care 1.280. feigned hopes upon his forehead firm he wore 1.281. and locked within his heart a hero's pain. 1.282. Now round the welcome trophies of his chase 1.283. they gather for a feast. Some flay the ribs 1.284. and bare the flesh below; some slice with knives 1.285. and on keen prongs the quivering strips impale 1.286. place cauldrons on the shore, and fan the fires. 1.287. Then, stretched at ease on couch of simple green 1.288. they rally their lost powers, and feast them well 1.289. on seasoned wine and succulent haunch of game. 1.290. But hunger banished and the banquet done 1.291. in long discourse of their lost mates they tell 1.292. 'twixt hopes and fears divided; for who knows 1.293. whether the lost ones live, or strive with death 1.294. or heed no more whatever voice may call? 1.295. Chiefly Aeneas now bewails his friends 1.296. Orontes brave and fallen Amycus 6.625. Antenor's children three, and Ceres' priest 10.1. Meanwhile Olympus, seat of sovereign sway 10.2. threw wide its portals, and in conclave fair 10.3. the Sire of gods and King of all mankind 10.4. ummoned th' immortals to his starry court 10.5. whence, high-enthroned, the spreading earth he views— 10.6. and Teucria's camp and Latium 's fierce array. 10.7. Beneath the double-gated dome the gods 10.8. were sitting; Jove himself the silence broke: 10.9. “O people of Olympus, wherefore change 10.10. your purpose and decree, with partial minds 10.11. in mighty strife contending? I refused 10.12. uch clash of war 'twixt Italy and Troy . 10.13. Whence this forbidden feud? What fears 10.14. educed to battles and injurious arms 10.15. either this folk or that? Th' appointed hour 10.16. for war shall be hereafter—speed it not!— 10.17. When cruel Carthage to the towers of Rome 10.18. hall bring vast ruin, streaming fiercely down 10.19. the opened Alp. Then hate with hate shall vie 10.20. and havoc have no bound. Till then, give o'er 10.22. Thus briefly, Jove. But golden Venus made 10.23. less brief reply. “O Father, who dost hold 10.24. o'er Man and all things an immortal sway! 10.25. of what high throne may gods the aid implore 10.26. ave thine? Behold of yonder Rutuli 10.27. th' insulting scorn! Among them Turnus moves 10.28. in chariot proud, and boasts triumphant war 10.29. in mighty words. Nor do their walls defend 10.30. my Teucrians now. But in their very gates 10.31. and on their mounded ramparts, in close fight 10.32. they breast their foes and fill the moats with blood. 10.33. Aeneas knows not, and is far away. 10.34. Will ne'er the siege have done? A second time 10.35. above Troy 's rising walls the foe impends; 10.36. another host is gathered, and once more 10.37. from his Aetolian Arpi wrathful speeds 10.38. a Diomed. I doubt not that for me 10.39. wounds are preparing. Yea, thy daughter dear 10.40. awaits a mortal sword! If by thy will 10.41. unblest and unapproved the Trojans came 10.42. to Italy, for such rebellious crime 10.43. give them their due, nor lend them succor, thou 10.44. with thy strong hand! But if they have obeyed 10.45. unnumbered oracles from gods above 10.46. and sacred shades below, who now has power 10.47. to thwart thy bidding, or to weave anew 10.48. the web of Fate? Why speak of ships consumed 10.49. along my hallowed Erycinian shore? 10.50. Or of the Lord of Storms, whose furious blasts 10.51. were summoned from Aeolia ? Why tell 10.52. of Iris sped from heaven? Now she moves 10.53. the region of the shades (one kingdom yet 10.54. from her attempt secure) and thence lets loose 10.55. Alecto on the world above, who strides 10.56. in frenzied wrath along th' Italian hills. 10.57. No more my heart now cherishes its hope 10.58. of domination, though in happier days 10.59. uch was thy promise. Let the victory fall 10.60. to victors of thy choice! If nowhere lies 10.61. the land thy cruel Queen would deign accord 10.62. unto the Teucrian people,—O my sire 10.63. I pray thee by yon smouldering wreck of Troy 10.64. to let Ascanius from the clash of arms 10.65. escape unscathed. Let my own offspring live! 10.66. Yea, let Aeneas, tossed on seas unknown 10.67. find some chance way; let my right hand avail 10.68. to shelter him and from this fatal war 10.69. in safety bring. For Amathus is mine 10.70. mine are Cythera and the Paphian hills 10.71. and temples in Idalium . Let him drop 10.72. the sword, and there live out inglorious days. 10.73. By thy decree let Carthage overwhelm 10.74. Ausonia's power; nor let defence be found 10.75. to stay the Tyrian arms! What profits it 10.76. that he escaped the wasting plague of war 10.77. and fled Argolic fires? or that he knew 10.78. o many perils of wide wilderness 10.79. and waters rude? The Teucrians seek in vain 10.80. new-born Troy in Latium . Better far 10.81. crouched on their country's ashes to abide 10.82. and keep that spot of earth where once was Troy ! 10.83. Give back, O Father, I implore thee, give 10.84. Xanthus and Simois back! Let Teucer's sons 10.86. Then sovereign Juno, flushed with solemn scorn 10.87. made answer. “Dost thou bid me here profane 10.88. the silence of my heart, and gossip forth 10.89. of secret griefs? What will of god or man 10.90. impelled Aeneas on his path of war 10.91. or made him foeman of the Latin King? 10.92. Fate brought him to Italia ? Be it so! 10.93. Cassandra's frenzy he obeyed. What voice — 10.94. ay, was it mine?—urged him to quit his camp 10.95. risk life in storms, or trust his war, his walls 10.96. to a boy-captain, or stir up to strife 10.97. Etruria's faithful, unoffending sons? 10.98. What god, what pitiless behest of mine 10.99. impelled him to such harm? Who traces here 10.100. the hand of Juno, or of Iris sped 10.101. from heaven? Is it an ignoble stroke 10.102. that Italy around the new-born Troy 10.103. makes circling fire, and Turnus plants his heel 10.104. on his hereditary earth, the son 10.105. of old Pilumnus and the nymph divine 10.106. Venilia? For what offence would Troy 10.107. bring sword and fire on Latium, or enslave 10.108. lands of an alien name, and bear away 10.109. plunder and spoil? Why seek they marriages 10.110. and snatch from arms of love the plighted maids? 10.111. An olive-branch is in their hands; their ships 10.112. make menace of grim steel. Thy power one day 10.113. ravished Aeneas from his Argive foes 10.114. and gave them shape of cloud and fleeting air 10.115. to strike at for a man. Thou hast transformed 10.116. his ships to daughters of the sea. What wrong 10.117. if I, not less, have lent the Rutuli
17. Vergil, Eclogues, 4.39 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 4.39. and stubborn oaks sweat honey-dew. Nathle
18. Vergil, Georgics, 1.147, 1.293, 1.316-1.334, 1.351-1.355, 1.415-1.423, 2.9-2.44, 2.46-2.82, 2.103-2.109, 2.136-2.176, 2.181-2.193, 2.207-2.211, 2.217-2.225, 2.230-2.232, 2.239, 2.370, 2.438-2.439, 3.3-3.8, 3.332-3.334, 4.315-4.558 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.147. But no whit the more 1.293. Into fixed parts dividing, rules his way 1.316. And when the first breath of his panting steed 1.317. On us the Orient flings, that hour with them 1.318. Red Vesper 'gins to trim his 'lated fires. 1.319. Hence under doubtful skies forebode we can 1.320. The coming tempests, hence both harvest-day 1.321. And seed-time, when to smite the treacherous main 1.322. With driving oars, when launch the fair-rigged fleet 1.323. Or in ripe hour to fell the forest-pine. 1.324. Hence, too, not idly do we watch the stars— 1.325. Their rising and their setting-and the year 1.326. Four varying seasons to one law conformed. 1.327. If chilly showers e'er shut the farmer's door 1.328. Much that had soon with sunshine cried for haste 1.329. He may forestall; the ploughman batters keen 1.330. His blunted share's hard tooth, scoops from a tree 1.331. His troughs, or on the cattle stamps a brand 1.332. Or numbers on the corn-heaps; some make sharp 1.333. The stakes and two-pronged forks, and willow-band 1.334. Amerian for the bending vine prepare. 1.351. Coeus, Iapetus, and Typhoeus fell 1.352. And those sworn brethren banded to break down 1.353. The gates of heaven; thrice, sooth to say, they strove 1.354. Ossa on placeName key= 1.355. Aye, and on Ossa to up-roll amain 1.415. Wields with red hand the levin; through all her bulk 1.416. Earth at the hurly quakes; the beasts are fled 1.417. And mortal hearts of every kindred sunk 1.418. In cowering terror; he with flaming brand 1.419. Athos , or Rhodope, or Ceraunian crag 1.420. Precipitates: then doubly raves the South 1.421. With shower on blinding shower, and woods and coast 1.422. Wail fitfully beneath the mighty blast. 1.423. This fearing, mark the months and Signs of heaven 2.9. Hither, O Father of the wine-press, come 2.10. And stripped of buskin stain thy bared limb 2.11. In the new must with me. 2.12. First, nature's law 2.13. For generating trees is manifold; 2.14. For some of their own force spontaneous spring 2.15. No hand of man compelling, and posse 2.16. The plains and river-windings far and wide 2.17. As pliant osier and the bending broom 2.18. Poplar, and willows in wan companie 2.19. With green leaf glimmering gray; and some there be 2.20. From chance-dropped seed that rear them, as the tall 2.21. Chestnuts, and, mightiest of the branching wood 2.22. Jove's Aesculus, and oaks, oracular 2.23. Deemed by the Greeks of old. With some sprouts forth 2.24. A forest of dense suckers from the root 2.25. As elms and cherries; so, too, a pigmy plant 2.26. Beneath its mother's mighty shade upshoot 2.27. The bay-tree of placeName key= 2.28. Nature imparted first; hence all the race 2.29. of forest-trees and shrubs and sacred grove 2.30. Springs into verdure. Other means there are 2.31. Which use by method for itself acquired. 2.32. One, sliving suckers from the tender frame 2.33. of the tree-mother, plants them in the trench; 2.34. One buries the bare stumps within his field 2.35. Truncheons cleft four-wise, or sharp-pointed stakes; 2.36. Some forest-trees the layer's bent arch await 2.37. And slips yet quick within the parent-soil; 2.38. No root need others, nor doth the pruner's hand 2.39. Shrink to restore the topmost shoot to earth 2.40. That gave it being. Nay, marvellous to tell 2.41. Lopped of its limbs, the olive, a mere stock 2.42. Still thrusts its root out from the sapless wood 2.43. And oft the branches of one kind we see 2.44. Change to another's with no loss to rue 2.46. And stony cornels on the plum-tree blush. 2.47. Come then, and learn what tilth to each belong 2.48. According to their kinds, ye husbandmen 2.49. And tame with culture the wild fruits, lest earth 2.50. Lie idle. O blithe to make all Ismaru 2.51. One forest of the wine-god, and to clothe 2.52. With olives huge Tabernus! And be thou 2.53. At hand, and with me ply the voyage of toil 2.54. I am bound on, O my glory, O thou that art 2.55. Justly the chiefest portion of my fame 2.56. Maecenas, and on this wide ocean launched 2.57. Spread sail like wings to waft thee. Not that I 2.58. With my poor verse would comprehend the whole 2.59. Nay, though a hundred tongues, a hundred mouth 2.60. Were mine, a voice of iron; be thou at hand 2.61. Skirt but the nearer coast-line; see the shore 2.62. Is in our grasp; not now with feigned song 2.63. Through winding bouts and tedious preluding 2.64. Shall I detain thee. 2.65. Those that lift their head 2.66. Into the realms of light spontaneously 2.67. Fruitless indeed, but blithe and strenuous spring 2.68. Since Nature lurks within the soil. And yet 2.69. Even these, should one engraft them, or transplant 2.70. To well-drilled trenches, will anon put of 2.71. Their woodland temper, and, by frequent tilth 2.72. To whatso craft thou summon them, make speed 2.73. To follow. So likewise will the barren shaft 2.74. That from the stock-root issueth, if it be 2.75. Set out with clear space amid open fields: 2.76. Now the tree-mother's towering leaves and bough 2.77. Darken, despoil of increase as it grows 2.78. And blast it in the bearing. Lastly, that 2.79. Which from shed seed ariseth, upward win 2.80. But slowly, yielding promise of its shade 2.81. To late-born generations; apples wane 2.82. Forgetful of their former juice, the grape 2.103. Wherein from some strange tree a germ they pen 2.104. And to the moist rind bid it cleave and grow. 2.105. Or, otherwise, in knotless trunks is hewn 2.106. A breach, and deep into the solid grain 2.107. A path with wedges cloven; then fruitful slip 2.108. Are set herein, and—no long time—behold! 2.109. To heaven upshot with teeming boughs, the tree 2.136. But lo! how many kinds, and what their names 2.137. There is no telling, nor doth it boot to tell; 2.138. Who lists to know it, he too would list to learn 2.139. How many sand-grains are by Zephyr tossed 2.140. On placeName key= 2.141. With fury on the ships, how many wave 2.142. Come rolling shoreward from the Ionian sea. 2.143. Not that all soils can all things bear alike. 2.144. Willows by water-courses have their birth 2.145. Alders in miry fens; on rocky height 2.146. The barren mountain-ashes; on the shore 2.147. Myrtles throng gayest; Bacchus, lastly, love 2.148. The bare hillside, and yews the north wind's chill. 2.149. Mark too the earth by outland tillers tamed 2.150. And Eastern homes of Arabs, and tattooed 2.151. Geloni; to all trees their native land 2.152. Allotted are; no clime but placeName key= 2.153. Black ebony; the branch of frankincense 2.154. Is placeName key= 2.155. of balsams oozing from the perfumed wood 2.156. Or berries of acanthus ever green? 2.157. of Aethiop forests hoar with downy wool 2.158. Or how the Seres comb from off the leave 2.159. Their silky fleece? of groves which placeName key= 2.160. Ocean's near neighbour, earth's remotest nook 2.161. Where not an arrow-shot can cleave the air 2.162. Above their tree-tops? yet no laggards they 2.163. When girded with the quiver! Media yield 2.164. The bitter juices and slow-lingering taste 2.165. of the blest citron-fruit, than which no aid 2.166. Comes timelier, when fierce step-dames drug the cup 2.167. With simples mixed and spells of baneful power 2.168. To drive the deadly poison from the limbs. 2.169. Large the tree's self in semblance like a bay 2.170. And, showered it not a different scent abroad 2.171. A bay it had been; for no wind of heaven 2.172. Its foliage falls; the flower, none faster, clings; 2.173. With it the Medes for sweetness lave the lips 2.174. And ease the panting breathlessness of age. 2.175. But no, not Mede-land with its wealth of woods 2.176. Nor Ganges fair, and Hermus thick with gold 2.181. Sown with the monstrous dragon's teeth, nor crop 2.182. of warriors bristled thick with lance and helm; 2.183. But heavy harvests and the Massic juice 2.184. of Bacchus fill its borders, overspread 2.185. With fruitful flocks and olives. Hence arose 2.186. The war-horse stepping proudly o'er the plain; 2.187. Hence thy white flocks, placeName key= 2.188. of victims mightiest, which full oft have led 2.189. Bathed in thy sacred stream, the triumph-pomp 2.190. of Romans to the temples of the gods. 2.191. Here blooms perpetual spring, and summer here 2.192. In months that are not summer's; twice teem the flocks; 2.193. Twice doth the tree yield service of her fruit. 2.207. Or sing her harbours, and the barrier cast 2.208. Athwart the Lucrine, and how ocean chafe 2.209. With mighty bellowings, where the Julian wave 2.210. Echoes the thunder of his rout, and through 2.211. Avernian inlets pours the Tuscan tide? 2.217. To hardship, the Ligurian, and with these 2.218. The Volscian javelin-armed, the Decii too 2.219. The Marii and Camilli, names of might 2.220. The Scipios, stubborn warriors, ay, and thee 2.221. Great Caesar, who in placeName key= 2.222. With conquering arm e'en now art fending far 2.223. The unwarlike Indian from the heights of placeName key= 2.224. Hail! land of Saturn, mighty mother thou 2.225. of fruits and heroes; 'tis for thee I dare 2.230. What powers hath each, what hue, what natural bent 2.231. For yielding increase. First your stubborn land 2.232. And churlish hill-sides, where are thorny field 2.239. That teems with grasses on its fruitful breast 2.370. The tree that props it, aesculus in chief 2.438. Take heed to hide them, and dig in withal 2.439. Rough shells or porous stone, for therebetween 3.3. You, woods and waves Lycaean. All themes beside 3.4. Which else had charmed the vacant mind with song 3.5. Are now waxed common. of harsh Eurystheus who 3.6. The story knows not, or that praiseless king 3.7. Busiris, and his altars? or by whom 3.8. Hath not the tale been told of Hylas young 3.332. The fire, in Spring-tide chiefly, for with Spring 3.333. Warmth doth their frames revisit, then they stand 3.334. All facing westward on the rocky heights 4.315. Or cut the empty wax away? for oft 4.316. Into their comb the newt has gnawed unseen 4.317. And the light-loathing beetles crammed their bed 4.318. And he that sits at others' board to feast 4.319. The do-naught drone; or 'gainst the unequal foe 4.320. Swoops the fierce hornet, or the moth's fell tribe; 4.321. Or spider, victim of Minerva's spite 4.322. Athwart the doorway hangs her swaying net. 4.323. The more impoverished they, the keenlier all 4.324. To mend the fallen fortunes of their race 4.325. Will nerve them, fill the cells up, tier on tier 4.326. And weave their granaries from the rifled flowers. 4.327. Now, seeing that life doth even to bee-folk bring 4.328. Our human chances, if in dire disease 4.329. Their bodies' strength should languish—which anon 4.330. By no uncertain tokens may be told— 4.331. Forthwith the sick change hue; grim leanness mar 4.332. Their visage; then from out the cells they bear 4.333. Forms reft of light, and lead the mournful pomp; 4.334. Or foot to foot about the porch they hang 4.335. Or within closed doors loiter, listless all 4.336. From famine, and benumbed with shrivelling cold. 4.337. Then is a deep note heard, a long-drawn hum 4.338. As when the chill South through the forests sighs 4.339. As when the troubled ocean hoarsely boom 4.340. With back-swung billow, as ravening tide of fire 4.341. Surges, shut fast within the furnace-walls. 4.342. Then do I bid burn scented galbanum 4.343. And, honey-streams through reeden troughs instilled 4.344. Challenge and cheer their flagging appetite 4.345. To taste the well-known food; and it shall boot 4.346. To mix therewith the savour bruised from gall 4.347. And rose-leaves dried, or must to thickness boiled 4.348. By a fierce fire, or juice of raisin-grape 4.349. From Psithian vine, and with its bitter smell 4.350. Centaury, and the famed Cecropian thyme. 4.351. There is a meadow-flower by country folk 4.352. Hight star-wort; 'tis a plant not far to seek; 4.353. For from one sod an ample growth it rears 4.354. Itself all golden, but girt with plenteous leaves 4.355. Where glory of purple shines through violet gloom. 4.356. With chaplets woven hereof full oft are decked 4.357. Heaven's altars: harsh its taste upon the tongue; 4.358. Shepherds in vales smooth-shorn of nibbling flock 4.359. By placeName key= 4.360. The roots of this, well seethed in fragrant wine 4.361. Set in brimmed baskets at their doors for food. 4.362. But if one's whole stock fail him at a stroke 4.363. Nor hath he whence to breed the race anew 4.364. 'Tis time the wondrous secret to disclose 4.365. Taught by the swain of Arcady, even how 4.366. The blood of slaughtered bullocks oft has borne 4.367. Bees from corruption. I will trace me back 4.368. To its prime source the story's tangled thread 4.369. And thence unravel. For where thy happy folk 4.370. Canopus , city of Pellaean fame 4.371. Dwell by the placeName key= 4.372. And high o'er furrows they have called their own 4.373. Skim in their painted wherries; where, hard by 4.374. The quivered Persian presses, and that flood 4.375. Which from the swart-skinned Aethiop bears him down 4.376. Swift-parted into sevenfold branching mouth 4.377. With black mud fattens and makes Aegypt green 4.378. That whole domain its welfare's hope secure 4.379. Rests on this art alone. And first is chosen 4.380. A strait recess, cramped closer to this end 4.381. Which next with narrow roof of tiles atop 4.382. 'Twixt prisoning walls they pinch, and add hereto 4.383. From the four winds four slanting window-slits. 4.384. Then seek they from the herd a steer, whose horn 4.385. With two years' growth are curling, and stop fast 4.386. Plunge madly as he may, the panting mouth 4.387. And nostrils twain, and done with blows to death 4.388. Batter his flesh to pulp i' the hide yet whole 4.389. And shut the doors, and leave him there to lie. 4.390. But 'neath his ribs they scatter broken boughs 4.391. With thyme and fresh-pulled cassias: this is done 4.392. When first the west winds bid the waters flow 4.393. Ere flush the meadows with new tints, and ere 4.394. The twittering swallow buildeth from the beams. 4.395. Meanwhile the juice within his softened bone 4.396. Heats and ferments, and things of wondrous birth 4.397. Footless at first, anon with feet and wings 4.398. Swarm there and buzz, a marvel to behold; 4.399. And more and more the fleeting breeze they take 4.400. Till, like a shower that pours from summer-clouds 4.401. Forth burst they, or like shafts from quivering string 4.402. When 4.403. Say what was he, what God, that fashioned forth 4.404. This art for us, O Muses? of man's skill 4.405. Whence came the new adventure? From thy vale 4.406. Peneian Tempe, turning, bee-bereft 4.407. So runs the tale, by famine and disease 4.408. Mournful the shepherd Aristaeus stood 4.409. Fast by the haunted river-head, and thu 4.410. With many a plaint to her that bare him cried: 4.411. “Mother, Cyrene, mother, who hast thy home 4.412. Beneath this whirling flood, if he thou sayest 4.413. Apollo, lord of Thymbra, be my sire 4.414. Sprung from the Gods' high line, why barest thou me 4.415. With fortune's ban for birthright? Where is now 4.416. Thy love to me-ward banished from thy breast? 4.417. O! wherefore didst thou bid me hope for heaven? 4.418. Lo! even the crown of this poor mortal life 4.419. Which all my skilful care by field and fold 4.420. No art neglected, scarce had fashioned forth 4.421. Even this falls from me, yet thou call'st me son. 4.422. Nay, then, arise! With thine own hands pluck up 4.423. My fruit-plantations: on the homestead fling 4.424. Pitiless fire; make havoc of my crops; 4.425. Burn the young plants, and wield the stubborn axe 4.426. Against my vines, if there hath taken the 4.427. Such loathing of my greatness.” 4.428. But that cry 4.429. Even from her chamber in the river-deeps 4.430. His mother heard: around her spun the nymph 4.431. Milesian wool stained through with hyaline dye 4.432. Drymo, Xantho, Ligea, Phyllodoce 4.433. Their glossy locks o'er snowy shoulders shed 4.434. Cydippe and Lycorias yellow-haired 4.435. A maiden one, one newly learned even then 4.436. To bear Lucina's birth-pang. Clio, too 4.437. And Beroe, sisters, ocean-children both 4.438. Both zoned with gold and girt with dappled fell 4.439. Ephyre and Opis, and from Asian mead 4.440. Deiopea, and, bow at length laid by 4.441. Fleet-footed Arethusa. But in their midst 4.442. Fair Clymene was telling o'er the tale 4.443. of Vulcan's idle vigilance and the stealth 4.444. of Mars' sweet rapine, and from Chaos old 4.445. Counted the jostling love-joys of the Gods. 4.446. Charmed by whose lay, the while their woolly task 4.447. With spindles down they drew, yet once again 4.448. Smote on his mother's ears the mournful plaint 4.449. of Aristaeus; on their glassy throne 4.450. Amazement held them all; but Arethuse 4.451. Before the rest put forth her auburn head 4.452. Peering above the wave-top, and from far 4.453. Exclaimed, “Cyrene, sister, not for naught 4.454. Scared by a groan so deep, behold! 'tis he 4.455. Even Aristaeus, thy heart's fondest care 4.456. Here by the brink of the Peneian sire 4.457. Stands woebegone and weeping, and by name 4.458. Cries out upon thee for thy cruelty.” 4.459. To whom, strange terror knocking at her heart 4.460. “Bring, bring him to our sight,” the mother cried; 4.461. “His feet may tread the threshold even of Gods.” 4.462. So saying, she bids the flood yawn wide and yield 4.463. A pathway for his footsteps; but the wave 4.464. Arched mountain-wise closed round him, and within 4.465. Its mighty bosom welcomed, and let speed 4.466. To the deep river-bed. And now, with eye 4.467. of wonder gazing on his mother's hall 4.468. And watery kingdom and cave-prisoned pool 4.469. And echoing groves, he went, and, stunned by that 4.470. Stupendous whirl of waters, separate saw 4.471. All streams beneath the mighty earth that glide 4.472. Phasis and Lycus, and that fountain-head 4.473. Whence first the deep Enipeus leaps to light 4.474. Whence father placeName key= 4.475. And Hypanis that roars amid his rocks 4.476. And Mysian Caicus, and, bull-browed 4.477. 'Twixt either gilded horn, placeName key= 4.478. Than whom none other through the laughing plain 4.479. More furious pours into the purple sea. 4.480. Soon as the chamber's hanging roof of stone 4.481. Was gained, and now Cyrene from her son 4.482. Had heard his idle weeping, in due course 4.483. Clear water for his hands the sisters bring 4.484. With napkins of shorn pile, while others heap 4.485. The board with dainties, and set on afresh 4.486. The brimming goblets; with Panchaian fire 4.487. Upleap the altars; then the mother spake 4.488. “Take beakers of Maconian wine,” she said 4.489. “Pour we to Ocean.” Ocean, sire of all 4.490. She worships, and the sister-nymphs who guard 4.491. The hundred forests and the hundred streams; 4.492. Thrice Vesta's fire with nectar clear she dashed 4.493. Thrice to the roof-top shot the flame and shone: 4.494. Armed with which omen she essayed to speak: 4.495. “In Neptune's gulf Carpathian dwells a seer 4.496. Caerulean Proteus, he who metes the main 4.497. With fish-drawn chariot of two-footed steeds; 4.498. Now visits he his native home once more 4.499. Pallene and the Emathian ports; to him 4.500. We nymphs do reverence, ay, and Nereus old; 4.501. For all things knows the seer, both those which are 4.502. And have been, or which time hath yet to bring; 4.503. So willed it Neptune, whose portentous flocks 4.504. And loathly sea-calves 'neath the surge he feeds. 4.505. Him first, my son, behoves thee seize and bind 4.506. That he may all the cause of sickness show 4.507. And grant a prosperous end. For save by force 4.508. No rede will he vouchsafe, nor shalt thou bend 4.509. His soul by praying; whom once made captive, ply 4.510. With rigorous force and fetters; against these 4.511. His wiles will break and spend themselves in vain. 4.512. I, when the sun has lit his noontide fires 4.513. When the blades thirst, and cattle love the shade 4.514. Myself will guide thee to the old man's haunt 4.515. Whither he hies him weary from the waves 4.516. That thou mayst safelier steal upon his sleep. 4.517. But when thou hast gripped him fast with hand and gyve 4.518. Then divers forms and bestial semblance 4.519. Shall mock thy grasp; for sudden he will change 4.520. To bristly boar, fell tigress, dragon scaled 4.521. And tawny-tufted lioness, or send forth 4.522. A crackling sound of fire, and so shake of 4.523. The fetters, or in showery drops anon 4.524. Dissolve and vanish. But the more he shift 4.525. His endless transformations, thou, my son 4.526. More straitlier clench the clinging bands, until 4.527. His body's shape return to that thou sawest 4.528. When with closed eyelids first he sank to sleep.” 4.529. So saying, an odour of ambrosial dew 4.530. She sheds around, and all his frame therewith 4.531. Steeps throughly; forth from his trim-combed lock 4.532. Breathed effluence sweet, and a lithe vigour leapt 4.533. Into his limbs. There is a cavern vast 4.534. Scooped in the mountain-side, where wave on wave 4.535. By the wind's stress is driven, and breaks far up 4.536. Its inmost creeks—safe anchorage from of old 4.537. For tempest-taken mariners: therewithin 4.538. Behind a rock's huge barrier, Proteus hides. 4.539. Here in close covert out of the sun's eye 4.540. The youth she places, and herself the while 4.541. Swathed in a shadowy mist stands far aloof. 4.542. And now the ravening dog-star that burns up 4.543. The thirsty Indians blazed in heaven; his course 4.544. The fiery sun had half devoured: the blade 4.545. Were parched, and the void streams with droughty jaw 4.546. Baked to their mud-beds by the scorching ray 4.547. When Proteus seeking his accustomed cave 4.548. Strode from the billows: round him frolicking 4.549. The watery folk that people the waste sea 4.550. Sprinkled the bitter brine-dew far and wide. 4.551. Along the shore in scattered groups to feed 4.552. The sea-calves stretch them: while the seer himself 4.553. Like herdsman on the hills when evening bid 4.554. The steers from pasture to their stall repair 4.555. And the lambs' bleating whets the listening wolves 4.556. Sits midmost on the rock and tells his tale. 4.557. But Aristaeus, the foe within his clutch 4.558. Scarce suffering him compose his aged limbs
19. Lucan, Pharsalia, 1.45-1.59 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
20. Silius Italicus, Punica, 4.526 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
21. Valerius Flaccus Gaius, Argonautica, 1.7-1.9, 1.15-1.17, 1.503-1.567, 2.567-2.573, 5.217-5.224, 6.33-6.37, 6.42-6.167 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
adynata	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 213, 214
aeneas	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
agrippa, baths of	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
allegory	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 186
allusion	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
animals	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 186
aqua virgo	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
aristaeus epyllion	Perkell, The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics (1989) 185
arms (arma)	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
ataraxia	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185
bacchus	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 87
baths of agrippa	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
baths of titus	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
bees	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185
birds	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185
britain	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
callimacheanism	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 186, 187
callimachus	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
catalogue	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 68
cattle	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185
causes (origines, aetia)	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
civil war	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
columella	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 212
daphnis	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 213
epic	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
epicureanism	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185, 186
epicurus (and epicurean)	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
failure	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
finales, book 1	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 187
finales, book 2	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 187
finales, book 4	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185
focalization	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
gallus, cornelius	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
games, as recreation	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
georgic poet, as maker of new myths	Perkell, The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics (1989) 185
georgic poet, as poet of ambiguity and exchange	Perkell, The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics (1989) 185
georgic poet and caesar (octavian), and orpheus	Perkell, The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics (1989) 185
georgics , unresolved oppositions in	Perkell, The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics (1989) 185
gods, in the georgics	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86, 87
golden age	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 87, 210, 213
grafting	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 211, 212, 213, 214
hecatostylon	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
hercules	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 210; Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
hero	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
hexameters	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
hills of rome	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
homer	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 68
horace	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126; Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 186; Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
isis, temple of	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
janiculum hill	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
juno	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
juno (see also hera)	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
jupiter	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86, 210
jupiter (see also zeus)	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
labor, in lucretius	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185, 187
labor, in the georgics	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185, 186, 187
laomedon	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
laudes italiae	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 87, 209
light, of rome	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
lucan	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
lucretius, agriculture in	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86, 209, 210, 211
lucretius, culture-history in	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86, 210
lucretius, labor in	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185, 187
lucretius, laws of nature in	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86
lucretius, mirabilia in	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 214
lucretius, natura in	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86
lucretius	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
lycoris	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
maecenas	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 211
medea	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
metapoetics	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
mirabilia, in lucretius	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 214
mirabilia	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 213
mollis	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
monsters	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 209
narrators, aeneid	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
natura	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86, 209, 210
nero	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
olives	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185
orpheus	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185, 186, 212
orpheus and eurydice	Perkell, The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics (1989) 185
ovid	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 68
pastoral	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 213
perses	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 68
personification	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 87, 213
planks, tablets (tabulae)	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
pliny	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 212
pliny the elder	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
poetry and poetics	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185, 186, 187
politics, in the georgics	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 187
porta capena	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
portico europae	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
proems, in lucretius	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 187
providentialism	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86, 87
readers of georgics and ambiguity of text, unmoved by bees and aristaeus' success"	Perkell, The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics (1989) 185
romans	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
saepta iulia	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
scha¨fer, s.	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86
seafaring, and poetry	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
shipwreck	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
silenus	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
silius italicus	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 68
sol	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
teichoskopia	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 68
temple of, isis	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
theocritus	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 213
theophrastus	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 210, 212, 214
third ways	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
title	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
titus, baths of	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
tityrus	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
topography of rome, from martial'	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 66
trees	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 86, 87, 185, 186, 187, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214
trojans	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
troy	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
varro	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 212
venus	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 210
venus (see also aphrodite)	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
vergil, aeneid, intertextual identity, cyclic	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126
vergil, bucolics	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 47
vespasian	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 160
vines	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 185, 214
virgil, and callimachean poetics	Gale, Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition (2000) 186, 187
virgil	Heerking and Manuwald, Brill’s Companion to Valerius Flaccus (2014) 68, 160
voyaging	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 126