1. Hesiod, Works And Days, 173, 202-212, 582-596, 639-640, 172 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
| 172. Live far from others. Thus they came to dwell |
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2. Hesiod, Theogony, 720 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
| 720. And be your allies in this dread discord |
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3. Homer, Iliad, 4.442-4.443, 8.16, 12.131-12.134 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
| 4.442. /and Terror, and Rout, and Discord that rageth incessantly, sister and comrade of man-slaying Ares; she at the first rears her crest but little, yet thereafter planteth her head in heaven, while her feet tread on earth. She it was that now cast evil strife into their midst 4.443. /and Terror, and Rout, and Discord that rageth incessantly, sister and comrade of man-slaying Ares; she at the first rears her crest but little, yet thereafter planteth her head in heaven, while her feet tread on earth. She it was that now cast evil strife into their midst 8.16. /far, far away, where is the deepest gulf beneath the earth, the gates whereof are of iron and the threshold of bronze, as far beneath Hades as heaven is above earth: then shall ye know how far the mightiest am I of all gods. Nay, come, make trial, ye gods, that ye all may know. Make ye fast from heaven a chain of gold 12.131. /and the other Leonteus, peer of Ares the bane of men. These twain before the high gate stood firm even as oaks of lofty crest among the mountains, that ever abide the wind and rain day by day, firm fixed with roots great and long; 12.132. /and the other Leonteus, peer of Ares the bane of men. These twain before the high gate stood firm even as oaks of lofty crest among the mountains, that ever abide the wind and rain day by day, firm fixed with roots great and long; 12.133. /and the other Leonteus, peer of Ares the bane of men. These twain before the high gate stood firm even as oaks of lofty crest among the mountains, that ever abide the wind and rain day by day, firm fixed with roots great and long; 12.134. /and the other Leonteus, peer of Ares the bane of men. These twain before the high gate stood firm even as oaks of lofty crest among the mountains, that ever abide the wind and rain day by day, firm fixed with roots great and long; |
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4. Homer, Odyssey, 4.567-4.568 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
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5. Aristotle, Rhetoric, 2.8.2 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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6. Ennius, Annales, 13, 12 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
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7. Cicero, Pro Archia, 24 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 24. quam multos scriptores rerum suarum magnus ille Alexander secum habuisse dicitur! atque is tamen, cum in Sigeo ad Achillis tumulum astitisset: 'o fortunate,' inquit, 'adulescens, qui tuae virtutis Homerum praeconem inveneris inveneris eb χ c : inveneras (-nisti k ) cett. !' et vere. nam, nisi Ilias Ilias Naugerius (2): illi (illa a : om. E ) ars codd. illa exstitisset, idem tumulus qui corpus eius contexerat nomen etiam obruisset. quid ? noster hic Magnus qui cum virtute fortunam adaequavit, nonne Theophanem Mytilenaeum, scriptorem rerum suarum, in contione militum civitate donavit, et nostri illi fortes viri, sed rustici ac milites, dulcedine quadam gloriae commoti quasi participes eiusdem laudis magno illud clamore approbaverunt? | |
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8. Varro, On Agriculture, 1.2.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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9. Catullus, Poems, 68.70 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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10. Horace, Odes, 3.30.10-3.30.14 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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11. Horace, Letters, 1.7.44-1.7.45, 1.19.23-1.19.24 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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12. Lucretius Carus, On The Nature of Things, 1.117-1.126, 1.156-1.214, 1.250-1.264, 1.923, 1.926-1.950, 2.342-2.380, 2.595, 2.598, 2.600-2.643, 2.645-2.651, 2.655-2.659, 2.993, 2.1030-2.1039, 3.316-3.318, 4.414-4.419, 5.186, 5.878-5.924, 5.999-5.1010, 5.1105-5.1160, 5.1241-5.1307, 5.1345, 5.1361-5.1378, 5.1403-5.1404, 6.654-6.655, 6.675-6.677 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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13. Ovid, Amores, 1.3.25, 1.15.7-1.15.13, 3.15.7-3.15.8 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
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14. Ovid, Ars Amatoria, 2.740 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
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15. Ovid, Epistulae (Heroides), 15.28 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
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16. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.107-1.108 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
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17. Ovid, Tristia, 4.10.59-4.10.60 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
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18. Propertius, Elegies, 3.1.1-3.1.4, 3.22.17, 4.1.63-4.1.68 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
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19. Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture, 6.1.11 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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20. Martial, Epigrams, 1.1.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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21. Martial, Epigrams, 1.1.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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22. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 3.40-3.42, 36.101 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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23. Silius Italicus, Punica, 6.122, 6.653-6.697, 13.752-13.754, 13.776-13.777, 13.782-13.783, 13.788, 15.328 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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24. Statius, Siluae, 2.7.24-2.7.35 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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25. Lucan, De Bello Ciuili, 9.961-9.999
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26. Strabo, Geography, 6.4.1
| 6.4.1. Such, indeed, is the size and such the character of Italy. And while I have already mentioned many things which have caused the Romans at the present time to be exalted to so great a height, I shall now indicate the most important things. One is, that, like an island, Italy is securely guarded by the seas on all sides, except in a few regions, and even these are fortified by mountains that are hardly passable. A second is that along most of its coast it is harborless and that the harbors it does have are large and admirable. The former is useful in meeting attacks from the outside, while the latter is helpful in making counter-attacks and in promoting an abundant commerce. A third is that it is characterized by many differences of air and temperature, on which depend the greater variation, whether for better or for worse, in animals, plants, and, in short, everything that is useful for the support of life. Its length extends from north to south, generally speaking, and Sicily counts as an addition to its length, already so great. Now mild temperature and harsh temperature of the air are judged by heat, cold, and their intermediates; and so from this it necessarily follows that what is now Italy, situated as it is between the two extremes and extending to such a length, shares very largely in the temperate zone and in a very large number of ways. And the following is still another advantage which has fallen to the lot of Italy; since the Apennine Mountains extend through the whole of its length and leave on both sides plains and hills which bear fine fruits, there is no part of it which does not enjoy the blessings of both mountain and plain. And add also to this the size and number of its rivers and its lakes, and, besides these, the fountains of water, both hot and cold, which in many places nature has provided as an aid to health, and then again its good supply of mines of all sorts. Neither can one worthily describe Italy's abundant supply of fuel, and of food both for men and beast, and the excellence of its fruits. Further, since it lies intermediate between the largest races on the one hand, and Greece and the best parts of Libya on the other, it not only is naturally well-suited to hegemony, because it surpasses the countries that surround it both in the valor of its people and in size, but also can easily avail itself of their services, because it is close to them. |
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27. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.453-1.457, 1.488-1.493, 3.619-3.620, 3.678, 4.177, 6.847-6.853, 10.767
| 1.453. art thou bright Phoebus' sister? Or some nymph 1.454. the daughter of a god? Whate'er thou art 1.455. thy favor we implore, and potent aid 1.456. in our vast toil. Instruct us of what skies 1.457. or what world's end, our storm-swept lives have found! 1.488. her grief and stricken love. But as she slept 1.489. her husband's tombless ghost before her came 1.490. with face all wondrous pale, and he laid bare 1.491. his heart with dagger pierced, disclosing so 1.492. the blood-stained altar and the infamy 1.493. that darkened now their house. His counsel was 3.619. on leaves inscribing the portentous song 3.620. he sets in order, and conceals them well 3.678. “Accept these gifts, sweet youth, memorials 4.177. hall scatter and be veiled in blinding dark 6.847. Lo! on the left and right at feast reclined 6.848. Are other blessed souls, whose chorus sings 6.849. Victorious paeans on the fragrant air 6.850. of laurel groves; and hence to earth outpours 6.851. Eridanus, through forests rolling free. 6.852. Here dwell the brave who for their native land 6.853. Fell wounded on the field; here holy priests 10.767. against Jove's thunder;—so Aeneas raged |
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28. Vergil, Eclogues, 2.45-2.55, 4.21-4.22, 4.24, 4.32, 4.39, 6.1-6.2, 8.9-8.10
| 2.45. ‘Mine once,’ quoth he, ‘now yours, as heir to own.’ 2.46. Foolish Amyntas heard and envied me. 2.47. Ay, and two fawns, I risked my neck to find 2.48. in a steep glen, with coats white-dappled still 2.49. from a sheep's udders suckled twice a day— 2.50. these still I keep for you; which Thestili 2.51. implores me oft to let her lead away; 2.52. and she shall have them, since my gifts you spurn. 2.53. Come hither, beauteous boy; for you the Nymph 2.54. bring baskets, see, with lilies brimmed; for you 2.55. plucking pale violets and poppy-heads 4.21. be seen of them, and with his father's worth 4.22. reign o'er a world at peace. For thee, O boy 4.24. her childish gifts, the gadding ivy-spray 4.32. die shall the treacherous poison-plant, and far 4.39. and stubborn oaks sweat honey-dew. Nathle 6.2. to Syracusan strains, nor blushed within |
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29. Vergil, Georgics, 1.5, 1.41, 1.125-1.130, 1.498, 2.10-2.19, 2.28-2.31, 2.63-2.64, 2.103-2.175, 2.303-2.314, 2.323-2.345, 2.362-2.366, 2.438-2.439, 2.455, 2.473-2.474, 2.498-2.499, 2.532-2.540, 3.10-3.20, 3.244, 3.264, 3.323-3.338, 3.440, 3.444, 3.454-3.456, 3.461-3.469, 4.116-4.148, 4.559-4.565
| 1.5. of patient trial serves for thrifty bees;— 1.41. With all her waves for dower; or as a star 1.125. Ye husbandmen; in winter's dust the crop 1.126. Exceedingly rejoice, the field hath joy; 1.127. No tilth makes placeName key= 1.128. Nor Gargarus his own harvests so admire. 1.129. Why tell of him, who, having launched his seed 1.130. Sets on for close encounter, and rakes smooth 1.498. So too, after rain 2.10. And stripped of buskin stain thy bared limb 2.11. In the new must with me. 2.12. First, nature's law 2.13. For generating trees is manifold; 2.14. For some of their own force spontaneous spring 2.15. No hand of man compelling, and posse 2.16. The plains and river-windings far and wide 2.17. As pliant osier and the bending broom 2.18. Poplar, and willows in wan companie 2.19. With green leaf glimmering gray; and some there be 2.28. Nature imparted first; hence all the race 2.29. of forest-trees and shrubs and sacred grove 2.30. Springs into verdure. Other means there are 2.31. Which use by method for itself acquired. 2.63. Through winding bouts and tedious preluding 2.64. Shall I detain thee. 2.103. Wherein from some strange tree a germ they pen 2.104. And to the moist rind bid it cleave and grow. 2.105. Or, otherwise, in knotless trunks is hewn 2.106. A breach, and deep into the solid grain 2.107. A path with wedges cloven; then fruitful slip 2.108. Are set herein, and—no long time—behold! 2.109. To heaven upshot with teeming boughs, the tree 2.110. Strange leaves admires and fruitage not its own. 2.111. Nor of one kind alone are sturdy elms 2.112. Willow and lotus, nor the cypress-tree 2.113. of Ida; nor of self-same fashion spring 2.114. Fat olives, orchades, and radii 2.115. And bitter-berried pausians, no, nor yet 2.116. Apples and the forests of Alcinous; 2.117. Nor from like cuttings are Crustumian pear 2.118. And Syrian, and the heavy hand-fillers. 2.119. Not the same vintage from our trees hangs down 2.120. Which placeName key= 2.121. Vines Thasian are there, Mareotids white 2.122. These apt for richer soils, for lighter those: 2.123. Psithian for raisin-wine more useful, thin 2.124. Lageos, that one day will try the feet 2.125. And tie the tongue: purples and early-ripes 2.126. And how, O Rhaetian, shall I hymn thy praise? 2.127. Yet cope not therefore with Falernian bins. 2.128. Vines Aminaean too, best-bodied wine 2.129. To which the Tmolian bows him, ay, and king 2.130. Phanaeus too, and, lesser of that name 2.131. Argitis, wherewith not a grape can vie 2.132. For gush of wine-juice or for length of years. 2.133. Nor thee must I pass over, vine of placeName key= 2.134. Welcomed by gods and at the second board 2.135. Nor thee, Bumastus, with plump clusters swollen. 2.136. But lo! how many kinds, and what their names 2.137. There is no telling, nor doth it boot to tell; 2.138. Who lists to know it, he too would list to learn 2.139. How many sand-grains are by Zephyr tossed 2.140. On placeName key= 2.141. With fury on the ships, how many wave 2.142. Come rolling shoreward from the Ionian sea. 2.143. Not that all soils can all things bear alike. 2.144. Willows by water-courses have their birth 2.145. Alders in miry fens; on rocky height 2.146. The barren mountain-ashes; on the shore 2.147. Myrtles throng gayest; Bacchus, lastly, love 2.148. The bare hillside, and yews the north wind's chill. 2.149. Mark too the earth by outland tillers tamed 2.150. And Eastern homes of Arabs, and tattooed 2.151. Geloni; to all trees their native land 2.152. Allotted are; no clime but placeName key= 2.153. Black ebony; the branch of frankincense 2.154. Is placeName key= 2.155. of balsams oozing from the perfumed wood 2.156. Or berries of acanthus ever green? 2.157. of Aethiop forests hoar with downy wool 2.158. Or how the Seres comb from off the leave 2.159. Their silky fleece? of groves which placeName key= 2.160. Ocean's near neighbour, earth's remotest nook 2.161. Where not an arrow-shot can cleave the air 2.162. Above their tree-tops? yet no laggards they 2.163. When girded with the quiver! Media yield 2.164. The bitter juices and slow-lingering taste 2.165. of the blest citron-fruit, than which no aid 2.166. Comes timelier, when fierce step-dames drug the cup 2.167. With simples mixed and spells of baneful power 2.168. To drive the deadly poison from the limbs. 2.169. Large the tree's self in semblance like a bay 2.170. And, showered it not a different scent abroad 2.171. A bay it had been; for no wind of heaven 2.172. Its foliage falls; the flower, none faster, clings; 2.173. With it the Medes for sweetness lave the lips 2.174. And ease the panting breathlessness of age. 2.175. But no, not Mede-land with its wealth of woods 2.303. Barren for fruits, by tilth untamable 2.304. Nor grape her kind, nor apples their good name 2.305. Maintaining—will in this wise yield thee proof: 2.306. Stout osier-baskets from the rafter-smoke 2.307. And strainers of the winepress pluck thee down; 2.308. Hereinto let that evil land, with fresh 2.309. Spring-water mixed, be trampled to the full; 2.310. The moisture, mark you, will ooze all away 2.311. In big drops issuing through the osier-withes 2.312. But plainly will its taste the secret tell 2.313. And with a harsh twang ruefully distort 2.314. The mouths of them that try it. Rich soil again 2.323. A glance will serve to warn thee which is black 2.324. Or what the hue of any. But hard it i 2.325. To track the signs of that pernicious cold: 2.326. Pines only, noxious yews, and ivies dark 2.327. At times reveal its traces. 2.328. All these rule 2.329. Regarding, let your land, ay, long before 2.330. Scorch to the quick, and into trenches carve 2.331. The mighty mountains, and their upturned clod 2.332. Bare to the north wind, ere thou plant therein 2.333. The vine's prolific kindred. Fields whose soil 2.334. Is crumbling are the best: winds look to that 2.335. And bitter hoar-frosts, and the delver's toil 2.336. Untiring, as he stirs the loosened glebe. 2.337. But those, whose vigilance no care escapes 2.338. Search for a kindred site, where first to rear 2.339. A nursery for the trees, and eke whereto 2.340. Soon to translate them, lest the sudden shock 2.341. From their new mother the young plants estrange. 2.342. Nay, even the quarter of the sky they brand 2.343. Upon the bark, that each may be restored 2.344. As erst it stood, here bore the southern heats 2.345. Here turned its shoulder to the northern pole; 2.362. In equal rows symmetric, not alone 2.363. To feed an idle fancy with the view 2.364. But since not otherwise will earth afford 2.365. Vigour to all alike, nor yet the bough 2.366. Have power to stretch them into open space. 2.438. Take heed to hide them, and dig in withal 2.439. Rough shells or porous stone, for therebetween 2.455. From story up to story. 2.473. Nor cold by hoar-frost curdled, nor the prone 2.474. Dead weight of summer upon the parched crags 2.498. Hath needs beyond exhausting; the whole soil 2.499. Thrice, four times, yearly must be cleft, the sod 2.532. Apples, moreover, soon as first they feel 2.533. Their stems wax lusty, and have found their strength 2.534. To heaven climb swiftly, self-impelled, nor crave 2.535. Our succour. All the grove meanwhile no le 2.536. With fruit is swelling, and the wild haunts of bird 2.537. Blush with their blood-red berries. Cytisu 2.538. Is good to browse on, the tall forest yield 2.539. Pine-torches, and the nightly fires are fed 2.540. And shoot forth radiance. And shall men be loath 3.10. And Pelops for his ivory shoulder famed 3.11. Keen charioteer? Needs must a path be tried 3.12. By which I too may lift me from the dust 3.13. And float triumphant through the mouths of men. 3.14. Yea, I shall be the first, so life endure 3.15. To lead the Muses with me, as I pa 3.16. To mine own country from the Aonian height; 3.17. I, placeName key= 3.18. of Idumaea, and raise a marble shrine 3.19. On thy green plain fast by the water-side 3.20. Where Mincius winds more vast in lazy coils 3.244. And rippling plains 'gin shiver with light gusts; 3.264. His strength with smouldering fire, till he forget 3.323. Or warlike wolf-kin or the breed of dogs? 3.324. Why tell how timorous stags the battle join? 3.325. O'er all conspicuous is the rage of mares 3.326. By Venus' self inspired of old, what time 3.327. The Potnian four with rending jaws devoured 3.328. The limbs of Glaucus. Love-constrained they roam 3.329. Past Gargarus, past the loud Ascanian flood; 3.330. They climb the mountains, and the torrents swim; 3.331. And when their eager marrow first conceive 3.332. The fire, in Spring-tide chiefly, for with Spring 3.333. Warmth doth their frames revisit, then they stand 3.334. All facing westward on the rocky heights 3.335. And of the gentle breezes take their fill; 3.336. And oft unmated, marvellous to tell 3.337. But of the wind impregnate, far and wide 3.338. O'er craggy height and lowly vale they scud 3.440. Whole pools are turned; and on their untrimmed beard 3.444. Stand island-like amid the frost, and stag 3.454. Oak-logs and elm-trees whole, and fire them there 3.455. There play the night out, and in festive glee 3.456. With barm and service sour the wine-cup mock. 3.461. If wool delight thee, first, be far removed 3.462. All prickly boskage, burrs and caltrops; shun 3.463. Luxuriant pastures; at the outset choose 3.464. White flocks with downy fleeces. For the ram 3.465. How white soe'er himself, be but the tongue 3.466. 'Neath his moist palate black, reject him, lest 3.467. He sully with dark spots his offspring's fleece 3.468. And seek some other o'er the teeming plain. 3.469. Even with such snowy bribe of wool, if ear 4.116. of peerless front and lit with flashing scales; 4.117. That other, from neglect and squalor foul 4.118. Drags slow a cumbrous belly. As with kings 4.119. So too with people, diverse is their mould 4.120. Some rough and loathly, as when the wayfarer 4.121. Scapes from a whirl of dust, and scorched with heat 4.122. Spits forth the dry grit from his parched mouth: 4.123. The others shine forth and flash with lightning-gleam 4.124. Their backs all blazoned with bright drops of gold 4.125. Symmetric: this the likelier breed; from these 4.126. When heaven brings round the season, thou shalt strain 4.127. Sweet honey, nor yet so sweet as passing clear 4.128. And mellowing on the tongue the wine-god's fire. 4.129. But when the swarms fly aimlessly abroad 4.130. Disport themselves in heaven and spurn their cells 4.131. Leaving the hive unwarmed, from such vain play 4.132. Must you refrain their volatile desires 4.133. Nor hard the task: tear off the monarchs' wings; 4.134. While these prove loiterers, none beside will dare 4.135. Mount heaven, or pluck the standards from the camp. 4.136. Let gardens with the breath of saffron flower 4.137. Allure them, and the lord of placeName key= 4.138. Priapus, wielder of the willow-scythe 4.139. Safe in his keeping hold from birds and thieves. 4.140. And let the man to whom such cares are dear 4.141. Himself bring thyme and pine-trees from the heights 4.142. And strew them in broad belts about their home; 4.143. No hand but his the blistering task should ply 4.144. Plant the young slips, or shed the genial showers. 4.145. And I myself, were I not even now 4.146. Furling my sails, and, nigh the journey's end 4.147. Eager to turn my vessel's prow to shore 4.148. Perchance would sing what careful husbandry 4.559. With a great cry leapt on him, and ere he rose 4.560. Forestalled him with the fetters; he nathless 4.561. All unforgetful of his ancient craft 4.562. Transforms himself to every wondrous thing 4.563. Fire and a fearful beast, and flowing stream. 4.564. But when no trickery found a path for flight 4.565. Baffled at length, to his own shape returned |
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