Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

11094

Vergil, Georgics, 1.121
officiunt aut umbra nocet. Pater ipse colendi And heaved its furrowy ridges, turns once more

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

36 results
1. Hesiod, Works And Days, 107-109, 11, 110-119, 12, 120-129, 13, 130-139, 14, 140-149, 15, 150-159, 16, 160-169, 17, 170-179, 18, 180-189, 19, 190-199, 20, 200-209, 21, 210-219, 22, 220-229, 23, 230-237, 24-29, 299, 30, 300-301, 31, 311, 32-46, 465-478, 50, 649-650, 106 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) 106. (The lid already stopped her, by the will
2. Hesiod, Theogony, 1012-1016, 1011 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) 1011. She brought into the world a glorious son
3. Homer, Iliad, 1.514-1.527, 12.23, 16.384-16.392, 20.307-20.308, 21.257-21.262 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) 1.514. /So she spoke; but Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, spoke no word to her, but sat a long time in silence. Yet Thetis, even as she had clasped his knees, so held to him, clinging close, and questioned him again a second time:Give me your infallible promise, and bow your head to it, or else deny me, for there is nothing to make you afraid; so that I may know well 1.515. /how far I among all the gods am honoured the least. Then, greatly troubled, Zeus, the cloud-gatherer spoke to her:Surely this will be sorry work, since you will set me on to engage in strife with Hera, when she shall anger me with taunting words. Even now she always upbraids me among the immortal gods 1.516. /how far I among all the gods am honoured the least. Then, greatly troubled, Zeus, the cloud-gatherer spoke to her:Surely this will be sorry work, since you will set me on to engage in strife with Hera, when she shall anger me with taunting words. Even now she always upbraids me among the immortal gods 1.517. /how far I among all the gods am honoured the least. Then, greatly troubled, Zeus, the cloud-gatherer spoke to her:Surely this will be sorry work, since you will set me on to engage in strife with Hera, when she shall anger me with taunting words. Even now she always upbraids me among the immortal gods 1.518. /how far I among all the gods am honoured the least. Then, greatly troubled, Zeus, the cloud-gatherer spoke to her:Surely this will be sorry work, since you will set me on to engage in strife with Hera, when she shall anger me with taunting words. Even now she always upbraids me among the immortal gods 1.519. /how far I among all the gods am honoured the least. Then, greatly troubled, Zeus, the cloud-gatherer spoke to her:Surely this will be sorry work, since you will set me on to engage in strife with Hera, when she shall anger me with taunting words. Even now she always upbraids me among the immortal gods 1.520. /and declares that I give aid to the Trojans in battle. But for the present, depart again, lest Hera note something; and I will take thought for these things to bring all to pass. Come, I will bow my head to you, that thou may be certain, for this from me is the surest token among the immortals; 1.521. /and declares that I give aid to the Trojans in battle. But for the present, depart again, lest Hera note something; and I will take thought for these things to bring all to pass. Come, I will bow my head to you, that thou may be certain, for this from me is the surest token among the immortals; 1.522. /and declares that I give aid to the Trojans in battle. But for the present, depart again, lest Hera note something; and I will take thought for these things to bring all to pass. Come, I will bow my head to you, that thou may be certain, for this from me is the surest token among the immortals; 1.523. /and declares that I give aid to the Trojans in battle. But for the present, depart again, lest Hera note something; and I will take thought for these things to bring all to pass. Come, I will bow my head to you, that thou may be certain, for this from me is the surest token among the immortals; 1.524. /and declares that I give aid to the Trojans in battle. But for the present, depart again, lest Hera note something; and I will take thought for these things to bring all to pass. Come, I will bow my head to you, that thou may be certain, for this from me is the surest token among the immortals; 1.525. /no word of mine may be recalled, nor is false, nor unfulfilled, to which I bow my head. The son of Cronos spoke, and bowed his dark brow in assent, and the ambrosial locks waved from the king's immortal head; and he made great Olympus quake. 1.526. /no word of mine may be recalled, nor is false, nor unfulfilled, to which I bow my head. The son of Cronos spoke, and bowed his dark brow in assent, and the ambrosial locks waved from the king's immortal head; and he made great Olympus quake. 1.527. /no word of mine may be recalled, nor is false, nor unfulfilled, to which I bow my head. The son of Cronos spoke, and bowed his dark brow in assent, and the ambrosial locks waved from the king's immortal head; and he made great Olympus quake. 12.23. /Rhesus and Heptaporus and Caresus and Rhodius, and Granicus and Aesepus, and goodly Scamander, and Simois, by the banks whereof many shields of bull's-hide and many helms fell in the dust, and the race of men half-divine—of all these did Phoebus Apollo turn the mouths together 16.384. /And straight over the trench leapt the swift horses—the immortal horses that the gods gave as glorious gifts to Peleus—in their onward flight, and against Hector did the heart of Patroclus urge him on, for he was fain to smite him; but his swift horses ever bare Hector forth. And even as beneath a tempest the whole black earth is oppressed 16.385. /on a day in harvest-time, when Zeus poureth forth rain most violently, whenso in anger he waxeth wroth against men that by violence give crooked judgments in the place of gathering, and drive justice out, recking not of the vengeance of the gods; and all their rivers flow in flood 16.386. /on a day in harvest-time, when Zeus poureth forth rain most violently, whenso in anger he waxeth wroth against men that by violence give crooked judgments in the place of gathering, and drive justice out, recking not of the vengeance of the gods; and all their rivers flow in flood 16.387. /on a day in harvest-time, when Zeus poureth forth rain most violently, whenso in anger he waxeth wroth against men that by violence give crooked judgments in the place of gathering, and drive justice out, recking not of the vengeance of the gods; and all their rivers flow in flood 16.388. /on a day in harvest-time, when Zeus poureth forth rain most violently, whenso in anger he waxeth wroth against men that by violence give crooked judgments in the place of gathering, and drive justice out, recking not of the vengeance of the gods; and all their rivers flow in flood 16.389. /on a day in harvest-time, when Zeus poureth forth rain most violently, whenso in anger he waxeth wroth against men that by violence give crooked judgments in the place of gathering, and drive justice out, recking not of the vengeance of the gods; and all their rivers flow in flood 16.390. /and many a hillside do the torrents furrow deeply, and down to the dark sea they rush headlong from the mountains with a mighty roar, and the tilled fields of men are wasted; even so mighty was the roar of the mares of Troy as they sped on. 16.391. /and many a hillside do the torrents furrow deeply, and down to the dark sea they rush headlong from the mountains with a mighty roar, and the tilled fields of men are wasted; even so mighty was the roar of the mares of Troy as they sped on. 16.392. /and many a hillside do the torrents furrow deeply, and down to the dark sea they rush headlong from the mountains with a mighty roar, and the tilled fields of men are wasted; even so mighty was the roar of the mares of Troy as they sped on. 20.307. /from mortal women. For at length hath the son of Cronos come to hate the race of Priam; and now verily shall the mighty Aeneas be king among the Trojans, and his sons' sons that shall be born in days to come. 20.308. /from mortal women. For at length hath the son of Cronos come to hate the race of Priam; and now verily shall the mighty Aeneas be king among the Trojans, and his sons' sons that shall be born in days to come. 21.257. /the bronze rang terribly, while he swerved from beneath the flood and fled ever onward, and the River followed after, flowing with a mighty roar. As when a man that guideth its flow leadeth from a dusky spring a stream of water amid his plants and garden-lots a mattock in his hands and cleareth away the dams from the channel— 21.258. /the bronze rang terribly, while he swerved from beneath the flood and fled ever onward, and the River followed after, flowing with a mighty roar. As when a man that guideth its flow leadeth from a dusky spring a stream of water amid his plants and garden-lots a mattock in his hands and cleareth away the dams from the channel— 21.259. /the bronze rang terribly, while he swerved from beneath the flood and fled ever onward, and the River followed after, flowing with a mighty roar. As when a man that guideth its flow leadeth from a dusky spring a stream of water amid his plants and garden-lots a mattock in his hands and cleareth away the dams from the channel— 21.260. /and as it floweth all the pebbles beneath are swept along therewith, and it glideth swiftly onward with murmuring sound down a sloping place and outstrippeth even him that guideth it;—even thus did the flood of the River 21.261. /and as it floweth all the pebbles beneath are swept along therewith, and it glideth swiftly onward with murmuring sound down a sloping place and outstrippeth even him that guideth it;—even thus did the flood of the River 21.262. /and as it floweth all the pebbles beneath are swept along therewith, and it glideth swiftly onward with murmuring sound down a sloping place and outstrippeth even him that guideth it;—even thus did the flood of the River
4. Homer, Odyssey, 11.316 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
5. Aeschylus, Libation-Bearers, 1024 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 1024. φρένες δύσαρκτοι· πρὸς δὲ καρδίᾳ φόβος
6. Pindar, Pythian Odes, 10.65 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
7. Euripides, Medea, 10-13, 2-9, 1 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 1. Ah! would to Heaven the good ship Argo ne’er had sped its course to the Colchian land through the misty blue Symplegades, nor ever in the glens of Pelion the pine been felled to furnish with oars the chieftain’s hands
8. Callimachus, Aetia, 1.25-1.28 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
9. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, 1.19-1.20, 4.445 (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 1.19. Ἄργον Ἀθηναίης καμέειν ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν. 1.20. νῦν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼ γενεήν τε καὶ οὔνομα μυθησαίμην 4.445. σχέτλιʼ Ἔρως, μέγα πῆμα, μέγα στύγος ἀνθρώποισιν
10. Cicero, On The Nature of The Gods, 2.87, 2.89, 2.161 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 2.87. Let someone therefore prove that it could have been better. But no one will ever prove this, and anyone who essays to improve some detail will either make it worse or will be demanding an improvement impossible in the nature of things. "But if the structure of the world in all its parts is such that it could not have been better whether in point of utility or beauty, let us consider js is the result of chance, or whether on the contrary the parts of the world are in such a condition that they could not possibly have cohered together if they were not controlled by intelligence and by divine providence. If then that produces of nature are better than those of art, and if art produces nothing without reason, nature too cannot be deemed to be without reason. When you see a statue or a painting, you recognize the exercise of art; when you observe from a distance the course of a ship, you do not hesitate to assume that its motion is guided by reason and by art; when you look at a sun‑dial or a water-clock, you infer that it tells the time by art and not by chance; how then can it be consistent to suppose that the world, which includes both the works of art in question, the craftsmen who made them, and everything else besides, can be devoid of purpose and of reason? 2.89. Just as the shield in Accius who had never seen a ship before, on descrying in the distance from his mountain‑top the strange vessel of the Argonauts, built by the gods, in his first amazement and alarm cries out: so huge a bulk Glides from the deep with the roar of a whistling wind: Waves roll before, and eddies surge and swirl; Hurtling headlong, it snort and sprays the foam. Now might one deem a bursting storm-cloud rolled, Now that a rock flew skyward, flung aloft By wind and storm, or whirling waterspout Rose from the clash of wave with warring wave; Save 'twere land-havoc wrought by ocean-flood, Or Triton's trident, heaving up the roots of cavernous vaults beneath the billowy sea, Hurled from the depth heaven-high a massy crag. At first he wonders what the unknown creature that he beholds may be. Then when he sees the warriors and hears the singing of the sailors, he goes on: the sportive dolphins swift Forge snorting through the foam — and so on and so on — Brings to my ears and hearing such a tune As old Silvanus piped. 2.161. The great beasts of the forest again we take by hunting, both for food and in order to exercise ourselves in the mimic warfare of the chase, and also, as in the case of elephants, to train and discipline them for our employment, and to procure from their busy a variety of medicines for diseases and wounds, as also we do from certain roots and herbs whose values we have learnt by long-continued use and trial. Let the mind's eye survey the whole earth and all the seas, and you will behold now fruitful plains of measureless extent and mountains thickly clad with forests and pastures filled with flocks, now vessels sailing with marvellous swiftness across the sea.
11. Cicero, On Duties, 1.11-1.13, 2.17 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.11. Principio generi animantium omni est a natura tributum, ut se, vitam corpusque tueatur, declinet ea, quae nocitura videantur, omniaque, quae sint ad vivendum necessaria, anquirat et paret, ut pastum, ut latibula, ut alia generis eiusdem. Commune item animantium omnium est coniunctionis adpetitus procreandi causa et cura quaedam eorum, quae procreata sint; sed inter hominem et beluam hoc maxime interest, quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur, ad id solum, quod adest quodque praesens est, se accommodat paulum admodum sentiens praeteritum aut futurum; homo autem, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque praegressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adiungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. 1.12. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem conciliat homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem ingeneratque in primis praecipuum quendam amorem in eos, qui procreati sunt, impellitque, ut hominum coetus et celebrationes et esse et a se obiri velit ob easque causas studeat parare ea, quae suppeditent ad cultum et ad victum, nec sibi soli, sed coniugi, liberis ceterisque, quos caros habeat tuerique debeat; quae cura exsuscitat etiam animos et maiores ad rem gerendam facit. 1.13. In primisque hominis est propria veri inquisitio atque investigatio. Itaque cum sumus necessariis negotiis curisque vacui, tum avemus aliquid videre, audire, addiscere cognitionemque rerum aut occultarum aut admirabilium ad beate vivendum necessariam ducimus. Ex quo intellegitur, quod verum, simplex sincerumque sit, id esse naturae hominis aptissimum. Huic veri videndi cupiditati adiuncta est appetitio quaedam principatus, ut nemini parere animus bene informatus a natura velit nisi praecipienti aut docenti aut utilitatis causa iuste et legitime imperanti; ex quo magnitudo animi exsistit humanarumque rerum contemptio. 2.17. Cum igitur hie locus nihil habeat dubitationis, quin homines plurimum hominibus et prosint et obsint, proprium hoc statuo esse virtutis, conciliare animos hominum et ad usus suos adiungere. Itaque, quae in rebus iimis quaeque in usu et tractatione beluarum fiunt utiliter ad hominum vitam, artibus ea tribuuntur operosis, hominum autem studia ad amplificationem nostrarum rerum prompta ac parata virorum praestantium sapientia et virtute excitantur. 2.17.  Since, therefore, there can be no doubt on this point, that man is the source of both the greatest help and the greatest harm to man, I set it down as the peculiar function of virtue to win the hearts of men and to attach them to one's own service. And so those benefits that human life derives from iimate objects and from the employment and use of animals are ascribed to the industrial arts; the cooperation of men, on the other hand, prompt and ready for the advancement of our interests, is secured through wisdom and virtue [in men of superior ability].
12. Cicero, Republic, 3.1 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 3.1. Non. 301M Est igitur quiddam turbulentum in hominibus singulis, quod vel exultat voluptate vel molestia frangitur.
13. Varro, On Agriculture, 1.18.7-1.18.8, 2.10.1 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
14. Catullus, Poems, 64 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
15. Horace, Odes, 1.12.51-1.12.52 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
16. Lucretius Carus, On The Nature of Things, 1.10-1.11, 1.67, 1.71, 1.111, 1.159-1.214, 1.250-1.261, 1.313-1.314, 1.932, 2.2, 2.7-2.8, 2.24-2.29, 2.56-2.58, 2.621, 2.629-2.630, 2.1150-2.1174, 3.1-3.2, 3.9, 3.18, 3.25-3.27, 3.41, 3.59-3.78, 3.88-3.90, 3.866, 4.7, 4.1099, 5.9-5.12, 5.14-5.21, 5.45-5.46, 5.114, 5.206-5.217, 5.233-5.234, 5.917, 5.923-5.926, 5.934, 5.939-5.942, 5.965, 5.1091-5.1104, 5.1165-5.1167, 5.1218-5.1235, 5.1250-5.1251, 5.1266-5.1268, 5.1281-5.1349, 5.1361-5.1378, 5.1416, 5.1430, 5.1436-5.1442, 5.1452-5.1457, 6.24, 6.36-6.38, 6.47, 6.148-6.149, 6.278, 6.328, 6.365, 6.379-6.422, 6.1179 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
17. Ovid, Amores, 2.11.1-2.11.6 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
18. Ovid, Epistulae (Heroides), 4.131-4.133 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
19. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.89-1.150, 6.721, 8.11-8.151 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
20. Tibullus, Elegies, 1.3.35-1.3.52 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
21. Epictetus, Discourses, 1.24.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
22. Lucan, Pharsalia, 1.63 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
23. Seneca The Younger, Letters, 90.7-90.14, 90.24-90.26 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
24. Seneca The Younger, Medea, 365-379, 364 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
25. Seneca The Younger, Phaedra, 484-558, 483 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
26. Tacitus, Annals, 3.28 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 3.28.  Then came Pompey's third consulate. But this chosen reformer of society, operating with remedies more disastrous than the abuses, this maker and breaker of his own enactments, lost by the sword what he was holding by the sword. The followed twenty crowded years of discord, during which law and custom ceased to exist: villainy was immune, decency not rarely a sentence of death. At last, in his sixth consulate, Augustus Caesar, feeling his power secure, cancelled the behests of his triumvirate, and presented us with laws to serve our needs in peace and under a prince. Thenceforward the fetters were tightened: sentries were set over us and, under the Papia-Poppaean law, lured on by rewards; so that, if a man shirked the privileges of paternity, the state, as universal parent, might step into the vacant inheritance. But they pressed their activities too far: the capital, Italy, every corner of the Roman world, had suffered from their attacks, and the positions of many had been wholly ruined. Indeed, a reign of terror was threatened, when Tiberius, for the fixing of a remedy, chose by lot five former consuls, five former praetors, and an equal number of ordinary senators: a body which, by untying many of the legal knots, gave for the time a measure of relief.
27. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 8.1.6 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 8.1.6. But he introduced as food the nuts of trees, not those of all trees but only the acorns of the edible oak. Some people have followed this diet so closely since the time of Pelasgus that even the Pythian priestess, when she forbade the Lacedaemonians to touch the land of the Arcadians, uttered the following verses:— In Arcadia are many men who eat acorns, Who will prevent you; though I do not grudge it you. It is said that it was in the reign of Pelasgus that the land was called Pelasgia.
28. Servius, In Vergilii Georgicon Libros, 1.7 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
29. Epicurus, Letters, 116, 115
30. Epicurus, Letters, 116, 115
31. Manilius, Astronomica, 1.61
32. Strabo, Geography, 15.1.64 15.1.64. He conversed with Calanus, one of these sophists, who accompanied the king to Persia, and died after the custom of his country, being placed on a pile of [burning] wood. When Onesicritus came, he was lying upon stones. Onesicritus approached, accosted him, and told him that he had been sent by the king, who had heard the fame of his wisdom, and that he was to give an account of his interview, if there were no objection, he was ready to listen to his discourse. When Calanus saw his mantle, head-covering, and shoes, he laughed, and said, 'Formerly, there was abundance everywhere of corn and barley, as there is now of dust; fountains then flowed with water, milk, honey, wine, and oil, but mankind by repletion and luxury became proud and insolent. Jupiter, indigt at this state of things, destroyed all, and appointed for man a life of toil. On the reappearance of temperance and other virtues, there was again an abundance of good things. But at present the condition of mankind approaches satiety and insolence, and there is danger lest the things which now exist should disappear.'When he had finished, he proposed to Onesicritus, if he wished to hear his discourse, to strip off his clothes, to lie down naked by him on the same stones, and in that manner to listen to him; while he was hesitating what to do, Mandanis, who was the oldest and wisest of the sophists, reproached Calanus for his insolence, although he censured such insolence himself. Mandanis called Onesicritus to him, and said, I commend the king, because, although he governs so large an empire, he is yet desirous of acquiring wisdom, for he is the only philosopher in arms that I ever saw; it would be of the greatest advantage, if those were philosophers who have the power of persuading the willing and of compelling the unwilling to learn temperance; but I am entitled to indulgence, if, when conversing by means of three interpreters, who, except the language, know no more than the vulgar, I am not able to demonstrate the utility of philosophy. To attempt it is to expect water to flow pure through mud.
33. Valerius Flaccus Gaius, Argonautica, 1.91-1.95, 1.194-1.204, 1.246, 1.498-1.573
34. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.205, 1.257-1.304, 4.386, 4.412, 6.277, 6.752-6.892, 7.46, 7.181-7.186, 7.601-7.623, 8.55, 8.319-8.327, 8.625-8.728, 9.62, 10.104-10.117, 10.727, 12.250, 12.261, 12.830-12.840 1.205. a life to duty given, swift silence falls; 1.257. in panic through the leafy wood, nor ceased 1.258. the victory of his bow, till on the ground 1.259. lay seven huge forms, one gift for every ship. 1.260. Then back to shore he sped, and to his friends 1.261. distributed the spoil, with that rare wine 1.262. which good Acestes while in Sicily 1.263. had stored in jars, and prince-like sent away 1.264. with his Ioved guest;—this too Aeneas gave; 1.266. “Companions mine, we have not failed to feel 1.267. calamity till now. O, ye have borne 1.268. far heavier sorrow: Jove will make an end 1.269. also of this. Ye sailed a course hard by 1.270. infuriate Scylla's howling cliffs and caves. 1.271. Ye knew the Cyclops' crags. Lift up your hearts! 1.272. No more complaint and fear! It well may be 1.273. ome happier hour will find this memory fair. 1.274. Through chance and change and hazard without end 1.275. our goal is Latium ; where our destinies 1.276. beckon to blest abodes, and have ordained 1.277. that Troy shall rise new-born! Have patience all! 1.279. Such was his word, but vexed with grief and care 1.280. feigned hopes upon his forehead firm he wore 1.281. and locked within his heart a hero's pain. 1.282. Now round the welcome trophies of his chase 1.283. they gather for a feast. Some flay the ribs 1.284. and bare the flesh below; some slice with knives 1.285. and on keen prongs the quivering strips impale 1.286. place cauldrons on the shore, and fan the fires. 1.287. Then, stretched at ease on couch of simple green 1.288. they rally their lost powers, and feast them well 1.289. on seasoned wine and succulent haunch of game. 1.290. But hunger banished and the banquet done 1.291. in long discourse of their lost mates they tell 1.292. 'twixt hopes and fears divided; for who knows 1.293. whether the lost ones live, or strive with death 1.294. or heed no more whatever voice may call? 1.295. Chiefly Aeneas now bewails his friends 1.296. Orontes brave and fallen Amycus 1.297. or mourns with grief untold the untimely doom 1.299. After these things were past, exalted Jove 1.300. from his ethereal sky surveying clear 1.301. the seas all winged with sails, lands widely spread 1.302. and nations populous from shore to shore 1.303. paused on the peak of heaven, and fixed his gaze 1.304. on Libya . But while he anxious mused 4.386. me bear on winged winds his high decree. 4.412. but carefully dissembling what emprise 6.277. Rustled in each light breeze. Aeneas grasped 6.752. Came on my view; their hands made stroke at Heaven 6.753. And strove to thrust Jove from his seat on high. 6.754. I saw Salmoneus his dread stripes endure 6.755. Who dared to counterfeit Olympian thunder 6.756. And Jove's own fire. In chariot of four steeds 6.757. Brandishing torches, he triumphant rode 6.758. Through throngs of Greeks, o'er Elis ' sacred way 6.759. Demanding worship as a god. 0 fool! 6.760. To mock the storm's inimitable flash— 6.761. With crash of hoofs and roll of brazen wheel! 6.762. But mightiest Jove from rampart of thick cloud 6.763. Hurled his own shaft, no flickering, mortal flame 6.764. And in vast whirl of tempest laid him low. 6.765. Next unto these, on Tityos I looked 6.766. Child of old Earth, whose womb all creatures bears: 6.767. Stretched o'er nine roods he lies; a vulture huge 6.768. Tears with hooked beak at his immortal side 6.769. Or deep in entrails ever rife with pain 6.770. Gropes for a feast, making his haunt and home 6.771. In the great Titan bosom; nor will give 6.772. To ever new-born flesh surcease of woe. 6.773. Why name Ixion and Pirithous 6.774. The Lapithae, above whose impious brows 6.775. A crag of flint hangs quaking to its fall 6.776. As if just toppling down, while couches proud 6.777. Propped upon golden pillars, bid them feast 6.778. In royal glory: but beside them lies 6.779. The eldest of the Furies, whose dread hands 6.780. Thrust from the feast away, and wave aloft 6.781. A flashing firebrand, with shrieks of woe. 6.782. Here in a prison-house awaiting doom 6.783. Are men who hated, long as life endured 6.784. Their brothers, or maltreated their gray sires 6.785. Or tricked a humble friend; the men who grasped 6.786. At hoarded riches, with their kith and kin 6.787. Not sharing ever—an unnumbered throng; 6.788. Here slain adulterers be; and men who dared 6.789. To fight in unjust cause, and break all faith 6.790. With their own lawful lords. Seek not to know 6.791. What forms of woe they feel, what fateful shape 6.792. of retribution hath o'erwhelmed them there. 6.793. Some roll huge boulders up; some hang on wheels 6.794. Lashed to the whirling spokes; in his sad seat 6.795. Theseus is sitting, nevermore to rise; 6.796. Unhappy Phlegyas uplifts his voice 6.797. In warning through the darkness, calling loud 6.798. ‘0, ere too late, learn justice and fear God!’ 6.799. Yon traitor sold his country, and for gold 6.800. Enchained her to a tyrant, trafficking 6.801. In laws, for bribes enacted or made void; 6.802. Another did incestuously take 6.803. His daughter for a wife in lawless bonds. 6.804. All ventured some unclean, prodigious crime; 6.805. And what they dared, achieved. I could not tell 6.806. Not with a hundred mouths, a hundred tongues 6.807. Or iron voice, their divers shapes of sin 6.809. So spake Apollo's aged prophetess. 6.810. “Now up and on!” she cried. “Thy task fulfil! 6.811. We must make speed. Behold yon arching doors 6.812. Yon walls in furnace of the Cyclops forged! 6.813. 'T is there we are commanded to lay down 6.814. Th' appointed offering.” So, side by side 6.815. Swift through the intervening dark they strode 6.816. And, drawing near the portal-arch, made pause. 6.817. Aeneas, taking station at the door 6.818. Pure, lustral waters o'er his body threw 6.820. Now, every rite fulfilled, and tribute due 6.821. Paid to the sovereign power of Proserpine 6.822. At last within a land delectable 6.823. Their journey lay, through pleasurable bowers 6.824. of groves where all is joy,—a blest abode! 6.825. An ampler sky its roseate light bestows 6.826. On that bright land, which sees the cloudless beam 6.827. of suns and planets to our earth unknown. 6.828. On smooth green lawns, contending limb with limb 6.829. Immortal athletes play, and wrestle long 6.830. 'gainst mate or rival on the tawny sand; 6.831. With sounding footsteps and ecstatic song 6.832. Some thread the dance divine: among them moves 6.833. The bard of Thrace, in flowing vesture clad 6.834. Discoursing seven-noted melody 6.835. Who sweeps the numbered strings with changeful hand 6.836. Or smites with ivory point his golden lyre. 6.837. Here Trojans be of eldest, noblest race 6.838. Great-hearted heroes, born in happier times 6.839. Ilus, Assaracus, and Dardanus 6.840. Illustrious builders of the Trojan town. 6.841. Their arms and shadowy chariots he views 6.842. And lances fixed in earth, while through the fields 6.843. Their steeds without a bridle graze at will. 6.844. For if in life their darling passion ran 6.845. To chariots, arms, or glossy-coated steeds 6.846. The self-same joy, though in their graves, they feel. 6.847. Lo! on the left and right at feast reclined 6.848. Are other blessed souls, whose chorus sings 6.849. Victorious paeans on the fragrant air 6.850. of laurel groves; and hence to earth outpours 6.851. Eridanus, through forests rolling free. 6.852. Here dwell the brave who for their native land 6.853. Fell wounded on the field; here holy priests 6.854. Who kept them undefiled their mortal day; 6.855. And poets, of whom the true-inspired song 6.856. Deserved Apollo's name; and all who found 6.857. New arts, to make man's life more blest or fair; 6.858. Yea! here dwell all those dead whose deeds bequeath 6.859. Deserved and grateful memory to their kind. 6.860. And each bright brow a snow-white fillet wears. 6.861. Unto this host the Sibyl turned, and hailed 6.862. Musaeus, midmost of a numerous throng 6.863. Who towered o'er his peers a shoulder higher: 6.864. “0 spirits blest! 0 venerable bard! 6.865. Declare what dwelling or what region holds 6.866. Anchises, for whose sake we twain essayed 6.867. Yon passage over the wide streams of hell.” 6.868. And briefly thus the hero made reply: 6.869. “No fixed abode is ours. In shadowy groves 6.870. We make our home, or meadows fresh and fair 6.871. With streams whose flowery banks our couches be. 6.872. But you, if thitherward your wishes turn 6.873. Climb yonder hill, where I your path may show.” 6.874. So saying, he strode forth and led them on 6.875. Till from that vantage they had prospect fair 6.876. of a wide, shining land; thence wending down 6.877. They left the height they trod; for far below 6.878. Father Anchises in a pleasant vale 6.879. Stood pondering, while his eyes and thought surveyed 6.880. A host of prisoned spirits, who there abode 6.881. Awaiting entrance to terrestrial air. 6.882. And musing he reviewed the legions bright 6.883. of his own progeny and offspring proud— 6.884. Their fates and fortunes, virtues and great deeds. 6.885. Soon he discerned Aeneas drawing nigh 6.886. o'er the green slope, and, lifting both his hands 6.887. In eager welcome, spread them swiftly forth. 6.888. Tears from his eyelids rained, and thus he spoke: 6.889. “Art here at last? Hath thy well-proven love 6.890. of me thy sire achieved yon arduous way? 6.891. Will Heaven, beloved son, once more allow 6.892. That eye to eye we look? and shall I hear 7.46. Hail, Erato! while olden kings and thrones 7.181. news of the day at hand when they should build 7.182. their destined walls. So, with rejoicing heart 7.183. at such vast omen, they set forth a feast 7.184. with zealous emulation, ranging well 7.186. Soon as the morrow with the lamp of dawn 7.601. from where my sister-furies dwell! My hands 7.602. bring bloody death and war.” She spoke, and hurled 7.603. her firebrand at the hero, thrusting deep 7.604. beneath his heart her darkly smouldering flame. 7.605. Then horror broke his sleep, and fearful sweat 7.606. dripped from his every limb. He shrieked aloud 7.607. for arms; and seized the ready arms that lay 7.608. around his couch and hall. Then o'er his soul 7.609. the lust of battle and wild curse of war 7.610. broke forth in angry power, as when the flames 7.611. of faggots round the bubbling cauldron sing 7.612. and up the waters leap; the close-kept flood 7.613. brims over, streaming, foaming, breaking bound 7.614. and flings thick clouds in air. He, summoning 7.615. his chieftains, bade them on Latinus move 7.616. break peace, take arms, and, over Italy 7.617. their shields extending, to thrust forth her foe: 7.618. himself for Teucrian with Latin joined 7.619. was more than match. He called upon the gods 7.620. in witness of his vows: while, nothing loth 7.621. Rutulia's warriors rushed into array; 7.622. ome by his youth and noble beauty moved 8.55. has stilled its swollen wave. A sign I tell: 8.319. filled all the arching sky, the river's banks 8.320. asunder leaped, and Tiber in alarm 8.321. reversed his flowing wave. So Cacus' lair 8.322. lay shelterless, and naked to the day 8.323. the gloomy caverns of his vast abode 8.324. tood open, deeply yawning, just as if 8.325. the riven earth should crack, and open wide 8.326. th' infernal world and fearful kingdoms pale 8.327. which gods abhor; and to the realms on high 8.625. “Great leader of the Teucrians, while thy life 8.626. in safety stands, I call not Trojan power 8.627. vanquished or fallen. But to help thy war 8.628. my small means match not thy redoubled name. 8.629. Yon Tuscan river is my bound. That way 8.630. Rutulia thrusts us hard and chafes our wall 8.631. with loud, besieging arms. But I propose 8.632. to league with thee a numerous array 8.633. of kings and mighty tribes, which fortune strange 8.634. now brings to thy defence. Thou comest here 8.635. because the Fates intend. Not far from ours 8.636. a city on an ancient rock is seen 8.637. Agylla, which a warlike Lydian clan 8.638. built on the Tuscan hills. It prospered well 8.639. for many a year, then under the proud yoke 8.640. of King Mezentius it came and bore 8.641. his cruel sway. Why tell the loathsome deeds 8.642. and crimes unspeakable the despot wrought? 8.643. May Heaven requite them on his impious head 8.644. and on his children! For he used to chain 8.645. dead men to living, hand on hand was laid 8.646. and face on face,—torment incredible! 8.647. Till, locked in blood-stained, horrible embrace 8.648. a lingering death they found. But at the last 8.649. his people rose in furious despair 8.650. and while he blasphemously raged, assailed 8.651. his life and throne, cut down his guards 8.652. and fired his regal dwellings; he, the while 8.653. escaped immediate death and fied away 8.654. to the Rutulian land, to find defence 8.655. in Turnus hospitality. To-day 8.656. Etruria, to righteous anger stirred 8.657. demands with urgent arms her guilty King. 8.658. To their large host, Aeneas, I will give 8.659. an added strength, thyself. For yonder shores 8.660. re-echo with the tumult and the cry 8.661. of ships in close array; their eager lords 8.662. are clamoring for battle. But the song 8.663. of the gray omen-giver thus declares 8.664. their destiny: ‘O goodly princes born 8.665. of old Maeonian lineage! Ye that are 8.666. the bloom and glory of an ancient race 8.667. whom just occasions now and noble rage 8.668. enflame against Mezentius your foe 8.669. it is decreed that yonder nation proud 8.670. hall never submit to chiefs Italian-born. 8.671. Seek ye a king from far!’ So in the field 8.672. inert and fearful lies Etruria's force 8.673. disarmed by oracles. Their Tarchon sent 8.674. envoys who bore a sceptre and a crown 8.675. even to me, and prayed I should assume 8.676. the sacred emblems of Etruria's king 8.677. and lead their host to war. But unto me 8.678. cold, sluggish age, now barren and outworn 8.679. denies new kingdoms, and my slow-paced powers 8.680. run to brave deeds no more. Nor could I urge 8.681. my son, who by his Sabine mother's line 8.682. is half Italian-born. Thyself art he 8.683. whose birth illustrious and manly prime 8.684. fate favors and celestial powers approve. 8.685. Therefore go forth, O bravest chief and King 8.686. of Troy and Italy ! To thee I give 8.687. the hope and consolation of our throne 8.688. pallas, my son, and bid him find in thee 8.689. a master and example, while he learns 8.690. the soldier's arduous toil. With thy brave deeds 8.691. let him familiar grow, and reverence thee 8.692. with youthful love and honor. In his train 8.693. two hundred horsemen of Arcadia 8.694. our choicest men-at-arms, shall ride; and he 8.695. in his own name an equal band shall bring 8.696. to follow only thee.” Such the discourse. 8.697. With meditative brows and downcast eyes 8.698. Aeneas and Achates, sad at heart 8.699. mused on unnumbered perils yet to come. 8.700. But out of cloudless sky Cythera's Queen 8.701. gave sudden signal: from th' ethereal dome 8.702. a thunder-peal and flash of quivering fire 8.703. tumultuous broke, as if the world would fall 8.704. and bellowing Tuscan trumpets shook the air. 8.705. All eyes look up. Again and yet again 8.706. crashed the terrible din, and where the sky 8.707. looked clearest hung a visionary cloud 8.708. whence through the brightness blazed resounding arms. 8.709. All hearts stood still. But Troy 's heroic son 8.710. knew that his mother in the skies redeemed 8.711. her pledge in sound of thunder: so he cried 8.712. “Seek not, my friend, seek not thyself to read 8.713. the meaning of the omen. 'T is to me 8.714. Olympus calls. My goddess-mother gave 8.715. long since her promise of a heavenly sign 8.716. if war should burst; and that her power would bring 8.717. a panoply from Vulcan through the air 8.718. to help us at our need. Alas, what deaths 8.719. over Laurentum's ill-starred host impend! 8.720. O Turnus, what a reckoning thou shalt pay 8.721. to me in arms! O Tiber, in thy wave 8.722. what helms and shields and mighty soldiers slain 8.723. hall in confusion roll! Yea, let them lead 8.725. He said: and from the lofty throne uprose. 8.726. Straightway he roused anew the slumbering fire 8.727. acred to Hercules, and glad at heart 8.728. adored, as yesterday, the household gods 9.62. dappled with white he rode; a crimson plume 10.104. on his hereditary earth, the son 10.105. of old Pilumnus and the nymph divine 10.106. Venilia? For what offence would Troy 10.107. bring sword and fire on Latium, or enslave 10.108. lands of an alien name, and bear away 10.109. plunder and spoil? Why seek they marriages 10.110. and snatch from arms of love the plighted maids? 10.111. An olive-branch is in their hands; their ships 10.112. make menace of grim steel. Thy power one day 10.113. ravished Aeneas from his Argive foes 10.114. and gave them shape of cloud and fleeting air 10.115. to strike at for a man. Thou hast transformed 10.116. his ships to daughters of the sea. What wrong 10.117. if I, not less, have lent the Rutuli 10.727. in shining vesture he, and glittering arms. 12.250. Father omnipotent, I call; on thee 12.261. unto Evander's city! From these plains 12.830. pursued a scattered few; but less his speed 12.831. for less and less his worn steeds worked his will; 12.832. and now wind-wafted to his straining ear 12.833. a nameless horror came, a dull, wild roar 12.834. the city's tumult and distressful cry. 12.835. “Alack,” he cried, “what stirs in yonder walls 12.836. uch anguish? Or why rings from side to side 12.837. uch wailing through the city?” Asking so 12.838. he tightened frantic grasp upon the rein. 12.839. To him his sister, counterfeiting still 12.840. the charioteer Metiscus, while she swayed
35. Vergil, Eclogues, 4.4-4.10, 10.75-10.76 4.4. woods worthy of a Consul let them be. 4.5. Now the last age by Cumae's Sibyl sung 4.6. has come and gone, and the majestic roll 4.7. of circling centuries begins anew: 4.8. justice returns, returns old Saturn's reign 4.9. with a new breed of men sent down from heaven. 4.10. Only do thou, at the boy's birth in whom 10.75. Cydonian arrows from a Parthian bow.— 10.76. as if my madness could find healing thus
36. Vergil, Georgics, 1.1-1.42, 1.47, 1.50-1.52, 1.60-1.63, 1.74, 1.79, 1.84-1.95, 1.100, 1.104-1.106, 1.112-1.113, 1.118-1.120, 1.122-1.148, 1.150-1.168, 1.176-1.186, 1.197-1.203, 1.218, 1.229, 1.233-1.249, 1.257, 1.270, 1.273-1.283, 1.291-1.294, 1.299, 1.316-1.334, 1.338, 1.351, 1.353, 1.404, 1.415-1.423, 1.439, 1.493-1.497, 1.502, 1.505, 1.508, 1.510, 1.512-1.514, 2.39, 2.54-2.56, 2.61-2.64, 2.70, 2.114, 2.136, 2.175, 2.211, 2.323-2.345, 2.397, 2.405, 2.412, 2.417, 2.420, 2.458-2.494, 2.514-2.516, 2.532-2.538, 2.540, 3.339-3.383, 3.478-3.566, 4.1-4.50, 4.59-4.61, 4.67-4.215, 4.217-4.218, 4.242, 4.251, 4.560-4.561 1.1. What makes the cornfield smile; beneath what star 1.2. Maecenas, it is meet to turn the sod 1.3. Or marry elm with vine; how tend the steer; 1.4. What pains for cattle-keeping, or what proof 1.5. of patient trial serves for thrifty bees;— 1.6. Such are my themes. O universal light 1.7. Most glorious! ye that lead the gliding year 1.8. Along the sky, Liber and Ceres mild 1.9. If by your bounty holpen earth once changed 1.10. Chaonian acorn for the plump wheat-ear 1.11. And mingled with the grape, your new-found gift 1.12. The draughts of Achelous; and ye Faun 1.13. To rustics ever kind, come foot it, Faun 1.14. And Dryad-maids together; your gifts I sing. 1.15. And thou, for whose delight the war-horse first 1.16. Sprang from earth's womb at thy great trident's stroke 1.17. Neptune; and haunter of the groves, for whom 1.18. Three hundred snow-white heifers browse the brakes 1.19. The fertile brakes of placeName key= 1.20. Thy native forest and Lycean lawns 1.21. Pan, shepherd-god, forsaking, as the love 1.22. of thine own Maenalus constrains thee, hear 1.23. And help, O lord of placeName key= 1.24. Minerva, from whose hand the olive sprung; 1.25. And boy-discoverer of the curved plough; 1.26. And, bearing a young cypress root-uptorn 1.27. Silvanus, and Gods all and Goddesses 1.28. Who make the fields your care, both ye who nurse 1.29. The tender unsown increase, and from heaven 1.30. Shed on man's sowing the riches of your rain: 1.31. And thou, even thou, of whom we know not yet 1.32. What mansion of the skies shall hold thee soon 1.33. Whether to watch o'er cities be thy will 1.34. Great Caesar, and to take the earth in charge 1.35. That so the mighty world may welcome thee 1.36. Lord of her increase, master of her times 1.37. Binding thy mother's myrtle round thy brow 1.38. Or as the boundless ocean's God thou come 1.39. Sole dread of seamen, till far placeName key= 1.40. Before thee, and Tethys win thee to her son 1.41. With all her waves for dower; or as a star 1.42. Lend thy fresh beams our lagging months to cheer 1.47. For neither Tartarus hopes to call thee king 1.50. Elysium's fields, and Proserpine not heed 1.51. Her mother's voice entreating to return— 1.52. Vouchsafe a prosperous voyage, and smile on thi 1.60. And teach the furrow-burnished share to shine. 1.61. That land the craving farmer's prayer fulfils 1.62. Which twice the sunshine, twice the frost has felt; 1.63. Ay, that's the land whose boundless harvest-crop 1.74. Iron from the naked Chalybs, castor rank 1.79. When old Deucalion on the unpeopled earth 1.84. By the ripe suns of summer; but if the earth 1.85. Less fruitful just ere Arcturus rise 1.86. With shallower trench uptilt it—'twill suffice; 1.87. There, lest weeds choke the crop's luxuriance, here 1.88. Lest the scant moisture fail the barren sand. 1.89. Then thou shalt suffer in alternate year 1.90. The new-reaped fields to rest, and on the plain 1.91. A crust of sloth to harden; or, when star 1.92. Are changed in heaven, there sow the golden grain 1.93. Where erst, luxuriant with its quivering pod 1.94. Pulse, or the slender vetch-crop, thou hast cleared 1.95. And lupin sour, whose brittle stalks arise 1.100. With refuse rich to soak the thirsty soil 1.104. oft, too, 'twill boot to fire the naked fields 1.105. And the light stubble burn with crackling flames; 1.106. Whether that earth therefrom some hidden strength 1.112. Or that it hardens more and helps to bind 1.113. The gaping veins, lest penetrating showers 1.118. Hales o'er them; from the far Olympian height 1.119. Him golden Ceres not in vain regards; 1.120. And he, who having ploughed the fallow plain 1.122. Cross-wise his shattering share, with stroke on stroke 1.123. The earth assails, and makes the field his thrall. 1.124. Pray for wet summers and for winters fine 1.125. Ye husbandmen; in winter's dust the crop 1.126. Exceedingly rejoice, the field hath joy; 1.127. No tilth makes placeName key= 1.128. Nor Gargarus his own harvests so admire. 1.129. Why tell of him, who, having launched his seed 1.130. Sets on for close encounter, and rakes smooth 1.131. The dry dust hillocks, then on the tender corn 1.132. Lets in the flood, whose waters follow fain; 1.133. And when the parched field quivers, and all the blade 1.134. Are dying, from the brow of its hill-bed 1.135. See! see! he lures the runnel; down it falls 1.136. Waking hoarse murmurs o'er the polished stones 1.137. And with its bubblings slakes the thirsty fields? 1.138. Or why of him, who lest the heavy ear 1.139. O'erweigh the stalk, while yet in tender blade 1.140. Feeds down the crop's luxuriance, when its growth 1.141. First tops the furrows? Why of him who drain 1.142. The marsh-land's gathered ooze through soaking sand 1.143. Chiefly what time in treacherous moons a stream 1.144. Goes out in spate, and with its coat of slime 1.145. Holds all the country, whence the hollow dyke 1.146. Sweat steaming vapour? 1.147. But no whit the more 1.148. For all expedients tried and travail borne 1.150. Do greedy goose and Strymon-haunting crane 1.151. And succory's bitter fibres cease to harm 1.152. Or shade not injure. The great Sire himself 1.153. No easy road to husbandry assigned 1.154. And first was he by human skill to rouse 1.155. The slumbering glebe, whetting the minds of men 1.156. With care on care, nor suffering realm of hi 1.157. In drowsy sloth to stagnate. Before Jove 1.158. Fields knew no taming hand of husbandmen; 1.159. To mark the plain or mete with boundary-line— 1.160. Even this was impious; for the common stock 1.161. They gathered, and the earth of her own will 1.162. All things more freely, no man bidding, bore. 1.163. He to black serpents gave their venom-bane 1.164. And bade the wolf go prowl, and ocean toss; 1.165. Shooed from the leaves their honey, put fire away 1.166. And curbed the random rivers running wine 1.167. That use by gradual dint of thought on thought 1.168. Might forge the various arts, with furrow's help 1.176. And hem with hounds the mighty forest-glades. 1.177. Soon one with hand-net scourges the broad stream 1.178. Probing its depths, one drags his dripping toil 1.179. Along the main; then iron's unbending might 1.180. And shrieking saw-blade,—for the men of old 1.181. With wedges wont to cleave the splintering log;— 1.182. Then divers arts arose; toil conquered all 1.183. Remorseless toil, and poverty's shrewd push 1.184. In times of hardship. Ceres was the first 1.185. Set mortals on with tools to turn the sod 1.186. When now the awful groves 'gan fail to bear 1.197. Prune with thy hook the dark field's matted shade 1.198. Pray down the showers, all vainly thou shalt eye 1.199. Alack! thy neighbour's heaped-up harvest-mow 1.200. And in the greenwood from a shaken oak 1.201. Seek solace for thine hunger. 1.202. Now to tell 1.203. The sturdy rustics' weapons, what they are 1.218. And share-beam with its double back they fix. 1.229. Lest weeds arise, or dust a passage win 1.233. Or burrow for their bed the purblind moles 1.234. Or toad is found in hollows, and all the swarm 1.235. of earth's unsightly creatures; or a huge 1.236. Corn-heap the weevil plunders, and the ant 1.237. Fearful of coming age and penury. 1.238. Mark too, what time the walnut in the wood 1.239. With ample bloom shall clothe her, and bow down 1.240. Her odorous branches, if the fruit prevail 1.241. Like store of grain will follow, and there shall come 1.242. A mighty winnowing-time with mighty heat; 1.243. But if the shade with wealth of leaves abound 1.244. Vainly your threshing-floor will bruise the stalk 1.245. Rich but in chaff. Many myself have seen 1.246. Steep, as they sow, their pulse-seeds, drenching them 1.247. With nitre and black oil-lees, that the fruit 1.248. Might swell within the treacherous pods, and they 1.249. Make speed to boil at howso small a fire. 1.257. His arms to slacken, lo! with headlong force 1.270. Aye, more than time to bend above the plough 1.273. Thee, too, Lucerne, the crumbling furrows then 1.274. Receive, and millet's annual care returns 1.275. What time the white bull with his gilded horn 1.276. Opens the year, before whose threatening front 1.277. Routed the dog-star sinks. But if it be 1.278. For wheaten harvest and the hardy spelt 1.279. Thou tax the soil, to corn-ears wholly given 1.280. Let Atlas' daughters hide them in the dawn 1.281. The Cretan star, a crown of fire, depart 1.282. Or e'er the furrow's claim of seed thou quit 1.283. Or haste thee to entrust the whole year's hope 1.291. Pursue thy sowing till half the frosts be done. 1.292. Therefore it is the golden sun, his course 1.293. Into fixed parts dividing, rules his way 1.294. Through the twelve constellations of the world. 1.299. And black with scowling storm-clouds, and betwixt 1.316. And when the first breath of his panting steed 1.317. On us the Orient flings, that hour with them 1.318. Red Vesper 'gins to trim his 'lated fires. 1.319. Hence under doubtful skies forebode we can 1.320. The coming tempests, hence both harvest-day 1.321. And seed-time, when to smite the treacherous main 1.322. With driving oars, when launch the fair-rigged fleet 1.323. Or in ripe hour to fell the forest-pine. 1.324. Hence, too, not idly do we watch the stars— 1.325. Their rising and their setting-and the year 1.326. Four varying seasons to one law conformed. 1.327. If chilly showers e'er shut the farmer's door 1.328. Much that had soon with sunshine cried for haste 1.329. He may forestall; the ploughman batters keen 1.330. His blunted share's hard tooth, scoops from a tree 1.331. His troughs, or on the cattle stamps a brand 1.332. Or numbers on the corn-heaps; some make sharp 1.333. The stakes and two-pronged forks, and willow-band 1.334. Amerian for the bending vine prepare. 1.338. Nay even on holy days some tasks to ply 1.351. Coeus, Iapetus, and Typhoeus fell 1.353. The gates of heaven; thrice, sooth to say, they strove 1.404. And toss it skyward: so might winter's flaw 1.415. Wields with red hand the levin; through all her bulk 1.416. Earth at the hurly quakes; the beasts are fled 1.417. And mortal hearts of every kindred sunk 1.418. In cowering terror; he with flaming brand 1.419. Athos , or Rhodope, or Ceraunian crag 1.420. Precipitates: then doubly raves the South 1.421. With shower on blinding shower, and woods and coast 1.422. Wail fitfully beneath the mighty blast. 1.423. This fearing, mark the months and Signs of heaven 1.439. Attend it, and with shouts bid Ceres come 1.493. Stalks on the dry sand mateless and alone. 1.494. Nor e'en the maids, that card their nightly task 1.495. Know not the storm-sign, when in blazing crock 1.496. They see the lamp-oil sputtering with a growth 1.497. of mouldy snuff-clots. 1.502. As borrowing of her brother's beams to rise 1.505. Do halcyons dear to Thetis ope their wings 1.508. Seek more the vales, and rest upon the plain 1.510. Watching the sunset plies her 'lated song. 1.512. Towering, and Scylla for the purple lock 1.513. Pays dear; for whereso, as she flies, her wing 1.514. The light air winnow, lo! fierce, implacable 2.39. Shrink to restore the topmost shoot to earth 2.54. I am bound on, O my glory, O thou that art 2.55. Justly the chiefest portion of my fame 2.56. Maecenas, and on this wide ocean launched 2.61. Skirt but the nearer coast-line; see the shore 2.62. Is in our grasp; not now with feigned song 2.63. Through winding bouts and tedious preluding 2.64. Shall I detain thee. 2.70. To well-drilled trenches, will anon put of 2.114. Fat olives, orchades, and radii 2.136. But lo! how many kinds, and what their names 2.175. But no, not Mede-land with its wealth of woods 2.211. Avernian inlets pours the Tuscan tide? 2.323. A glance will serve to warn thee which is black 2.324. Or what the hue of any. But hard it i 2.325. To track the signs of that pernicious cold: 2.326. Pines only, noxious yews, and ivies dark 2.327. At times reveal its traces. 2.328. All these rule 2.329. Regarding, let your land, ay, long before 2.330. Scorch to the quick, and into trenches carve 2.331. The mighty mountains, and their upturned clod 2.332. Bare to the north wind, ere thou plant therein 2.333. The vine's prolific kindred. Fields whose soil 2.334. Is crumbling are the best: winds look to that 2.335. And bitter hoar-frosts, and the delver's toil 2.336. Untiring, as he stirs the loosened glebe. 2.337. But those, whose vigilance no care escapes 2.338. Search for a kindred site, where first to rear 2.339. A nursery for the trees, and eke whereto 2.340. Soon to translate them, lest the sudden shock 2.341. From their new mother the young plants estrange. 2.342. Nay, even the quarter of the sky they brand 2.343. Upon the bark, that each may be restored 2.344. As erst it stood, here bore the southern heats 2.345. Here turned its shoulder to the northern pole; 2.397. Can they recover, and from the earth beneath 2.405. Comes the white bird long-bodied snakes abhor 2.412. With quickening showers to his glad wife's embrace 2.417. Then the boon earth yields increase, and the field 2.420. Face the new suns, and safely trust them now; 2.458. Forbear their frailty, and while yet the bough 2.459. Shoots joyfully toward heaven, with loosened rein 2.460. Launched on the void, assail it not as yet 2.461. With keen-edged sickle, but let the leaves alone 2.462. Be culled with clip of fingers here and there. 2.463. But when they clasp the elms with sturdy trunk 2.464. Erect, then strip the leaves off, prune the boughs; 2.465. Sooner they shrink from steel, but then put forth 2.466. The arm of power, and stem the branchy tide. 2.467. Hedges too must be woven and all beast 2.468. Barred entrance, chiefly while the leaf is young 2.469. And witless of disaster; for therewith 2.470. Beside harsh winters and o'erpowering sun 2.471. Wild buffaloes and pestering goats for ay 2.472. Besport them, sheep and heifers glut their greed. 2.473. Nor cold by hoar-frost curdled, nor the prone 2.474. Dead weight of summer upon the parched crags 2.475. So scathe it, as the flocks with venom-bite 2.476. of their hard tooth, whose gnawing scars the stem. 2.477. For no offence but this to Bacchus bleed 2.478. The goat at every altar, and old play 2.479. Upon the stage find entrance; therefore too 2.480. The sons of Theseus through the country-side— 2.481. Hamlet and crossway—set the prize of wit 2.482. And on the smooth sward over oiled skin 2.483. Dance in their tipsy frolic. Furthermore 2.484. The Ausonian swains, a race from placeName key= 2.485. Make merry with rough rhymes and boisterous mirth 2.486. Grim masks of hollowed bark assume, invoke 2.487. Thee with glad hymns, O Bacchus, and to thee 2.488. Hang puppet-faces on tall pines to swing. 2.489. Hence every vineyard teems with mellowing fruit 2.490. Till hollow vale o'erflows, and gorge profound 2.491. Where'er the god hath turned his comely head. 2.492. Therefore to Bacchus duly will we sing 2.493. Meet honour with ancestral hymns, and cate 2.494. And dishes bear him; and the doomed goat 2.514. Twice weeds with stifling briers o'ergrow the crop; 2.515. And each a toilsome labour. Do thou praise 2.516. Broad acres, farm but few. Rough twigs beside 2.532. Apples, moreover, soon as first they feel 2.533. Their stems wax lusty, and have found their strength 2.534. To heaven climb swiftly, self-impelled, nor crave 2.535. Our succour. All the grove meanwhile no le 2.536. With fruit is swelling, and the wild haunts of bird 2.537. Blush with their blood-red berries. Cytisu 2.538. Is good to browse on, the tall forest yield 2.540. And shoot forth radiance. And shall men be loath 3.339. Not toward thy rising, Eurus, or the sun's 3.340. But westward and north-west, or whence up-spring 3.341. Black Auster, that glooms heaven with rainy cold. 3.342. Hence from their groin slow drips a poisonous juice 3.343. By shepherds truly named hippomanes 3.344. Hippomanes, fell stepdames oft have culled 3.345. And mixed with herbs and spells of baneful bode. 3.346. Fast flies meanwhile the irreparable hour 3.347. As point to point our charmed round we trace. 3.348. Enough of herds. This second task remains 3.349. The wool-clad flocks and shaggy goats to treat. 3.350. Here lies a labour; hence for glory look 3.351. Brave husbandmen. Nor doubtfully know 3.352. How hard it is for words to triumph here 3.353. And shed their lustre on a theme so slight: 3.354. But I am caught by ravishing desire 3.355. Above the lone Parnassian steep; I love 3.356. To walk the heights, from whence no earlier track 3.357. Slopes gently downward to Castalia's spring. 3.358. Now, awful Pales, strike a louder tone. 3.359. First, for the sheep soft pencotes I decree 3.360. To browse in, till green summer's swift return; 3.361. And that the hard earth under them with straw 3.362. And handfuls of the fern be littered deep 3.363. Lest chill of ice such tender cattle harm 3.364. With scab and loathly foot-rot. Passing thence 3.365. I bid the goats with arbute-leaves be stored 3.366. And served with fresh spring-water, and their pen 3.367. Turned southward from the blast, to face the sun 3.368. of winter, when Aquarius' icy beam 3.369. Now sinks in showers upon the parting year. 3.370. These too no lightlier our protection claim 3.371. Nor prove of poorer service, howsoe'er 3.372. Milesian fleeces dipped in Tyrian red 3.373. Repay the barterer; these with offspring teem 3.374. More numerous; these yield plenteous store of milk: 3.375. The more each dry-wrung udder froths the pail 3.376. More copious soon the teat-pressed torrents flow. 3.377. Ay, and on Cinyps' bank the he-goats too 3.378. Their beards and grizzled chins and bristling hair 3.379. Let clip for camp-use, or as rugs to wrap 3.380. Seafaring wretches. But they browse the wood 3.381. And summits of Lycaeus, and rough briers 3.382. And brakes that love the highland: of themselve 3.383. Right heedfully the she-goats homeward troop 3.478. Many there be who from their mothers keep 3.479. The new-born kids, and straightway bind their mouth 3.480. With iron-tipped muzzles. What they milk at dawn 3.481. Or in the daylight hours, at night they press; 3.482. What darkling or at sunset, this ere morn 3.483. They bear away in baskets—for to town 3.484. The shepherd hies him—or with dash of salt 3.485. Just sprinkle, and lay by for winter use. 3.486. Nor be thy dogs last cared for; but alike 3.487. Swift Spartan hounds and fierce Molossian feed 3.488. On fattening whey. Never, with these to watch 3.489. Dread nightly thief afold and ravening wolves 3.490. Or Spanish desperadoes in the rear. 3.491. And oft the shy wild asses thou wilt chase 3.492. With hounds, too, hunt the hare, with hounds the doe; 3.493. oft from his woodland wallowing-den uprouse 3.494. The boar, and scare him with their baying, and drive 3.495. And o'er the mountains urge into the toil 3.496. Some antlered monster to their chiming cry. 3.497. Learn also scented cedar-wood to burn 3.498. Within the stalls, and snakes of noxious smell 3.499. With fumes of galbanum to drive away. 3.500. oft under long-neglected cribs, or lurk 3.501. A viper ill to handle, that hath fled 3.502. The light in terror, or some snake, that wont 3.503. 'Neath shade and sheltering roof to creep, and shower 3.504. Its bane among the cattle, hugs the ground 3.505. Fell scourge of kine. Shepherd, seize stakes, seize stones! 3.506. And as he rears defiance, and puffs out 3.507. A hissing throat, down with him! see how low 3.508. That cowering crest is vailed in flight, the while 3.509. His midmost coils and final sweep of tail 3.510. Relaxing, the last fold drags lingering spires. 3.511. Then that vile worm that in Calabrian glade 3.512. Uprears his breast, and wreathes a scaly back 3.513. His length of belly pied with mighty spots— 3.514. While from their founts gush any streams, while yet 3.515. With showers of Spring and rainy south-winds earth 3.516. Is moistened, lo! he haunts the pools, and here 3.517. Housed in the banks, with fish and chattering frog 3.518. Crams the black void of his insatiate maw. 3.519. Soon as the fens are parched, and earth with heat 3.520. Is gaping, forth he darts into the dry 3.521. Rolls eyes of fire and rages through the fields 3.522. Furious from thirst and by the drought dismayed. 3.523. Me list not then beneath the open heaven 3.524. To snatch soft slumber, nor on forest-ridge 3.525. Lie stretched along the grass, when, slipped his slough 3.526. To glittering youth transformed he winds his spires 3.527. And eggs or younglings leaving in his lair 3.528. Towers sunward, lightening with three-forked tongue. 3.529. of sickness, too, the causes and the sign 3.530. I'll teach thee. Loathly scab assails the sheep 3.531. When chilly showers have probed them to the quick 3.532. And winter stark with hoar-frost, or when sweat 3.533. Unpurged cleaves to them after shearing done 3.534. And rough thorns rend their bodies. Hence it i 3.535. Shepherds their whole flock steep in running streams 3.536. While, plunged beneath the flood, with drenched fell 3.537. The ram, launched free, goes drifting down the tide. 3.538. Else, having shorn, they smear their bodies o'er 3.539. With acrid oil-lees, and mix silver-scum 3.540. And native sulphur and Idaean pitch 3.541. Wax mollified with ointment, and therewith 3.542. Sea-leek, strong hellebores, bitumen black. 3.543. Yet ne'er doth kindlier fortune crown his toil 3.544. Than if with blade of iron a man dare lance 3.545. The ulcer's mouth ope: for the taint is fed 3.546. And quickened by confinement; while the swain 3.547. His hand of healing from the wound withholds 3.548. Or sits for happier signs imploring heaven. 3.549. Aye, and when inward to the bleater's bone 3.550. The pain hath sunk and rages, and their limb 3.551. By thirsty fever are consumed, 'tis good 3.552. To draw the enkindled heat therefrom, and pierce 3.553. Within the hoof-clefts a blood-bounding vein. 3.554. of tribes Bisaltic such the wonted use 3.555. And keen Gelonian, when to 3.556. He flies, or Getic desert, and quaffs milk 3.557. With horse-blood curdled. Seest one far afield 3.558. oft to the shade's mild covert win, or pull 3.559. The grass tops listlessly, or hindmost lag 3.560. Or, browsing, cast her down amid the plain 3.561. At night retire belated and alone; 3.562. With quick knife check the mischief, ere it creep 3.563. With dire contagion through the unwary herd. 3.564. Less thick and fast the whirlwind scours the main 3.565. With tempest in its wake, than swarm the plague 3.566. of cattle; nor seize they single lives alone 4.1. of air-born honey, gift of heaven, I now 4.2. Take up the tale. Upon this theme no le 4.3. Look thou, Maecenas, with indulgent eye. 4.4. A marvellous display of puny powers 4.5. High-hearted chiefs, a nation's history 4.6. Its traits, its bent, its battles and its clans 4.7. All, each, shall pass before you, while I sing. 4.8. Slight though the poet's theme, not slight the praise 4.9. So frown not heaven, and Phoebus hear his call. 4.10. First find your bees a settled sure abode 4.11. Where neither winds can enter (winds blow back 4.12. The foragers with food returning home) 4.13. Nor sheep and butting kids tread down the flowers 4.14. Nor heifer wandering wide upon the plain 4.15. Dash off the dew, and bruise the springing blades. 4.16. Let the gay lizard too keep far aloof 4.17. His scale-clad body from their honied stalls 4.18. And the bee-eater, and what birds beside 4.19. And Procne smirched with blood upon the breast 4.20. From her own murderous hands. For these roam wide 4.21. Wasting all substance, or the bees themselve 4.22. Strike flying, and in their beaks bear home, to glut 4.23. Those savage nestlings with the dainty prey. 4.24. But let clear springs and moss-green pools be near 4.25. And through the grass a streamlet hurrying run 4.26. Some palm-tree o'er the porch extend its shade 4.27. Or huge-grown oleaster, that in Spring 4.28. Their own sweet Spring-tide, when the new-made chief 4.29. Lead forth the young swarms, and, escaped their comb 4.30. The colony comes forth to sport and play 4.31. The neighbouring bank may lure them from the heat 4.32. Or bough befriend with hospitable shade. 4.33. O'er the mid-waters, whether swift or still 4.34. Cast willow-branches and big stones enow 4.35. Bridge after bridge, where they may footing find 4.36. And spread their wide wings to the summer sun 4.37. If haply Eurus, swooping as they pause 4.38. Have dashed with spray or plunged them in the deep. 4.39. And let green cassias and far-scented thymes 4.40. And savory with its heavy-laden breath 4.41. Bloom round about, and violet-beds hard by 4.42. Sip sweetness from the fertilizing springs. 4.43. For the hive's self, or stitched of hollow bark 4.44. Or from tough osier woven, let the door 4.45. Be strait of entrance; for stiff winter's cold 4.46. Congeals the honey, and heat resolves and thaws 4.47. To bees alike disastrous; not for naught 4.48. So haste they to cement the tiny pore 4.49. That pierce their walls, and fill the crevice 4.50. With pollen from the flowers, and glean and keep 4.59. But near their home let neither yew-tree grow 4.60. Nor reddening crabs be roasted, and mistrust 4.61. Deep marish-ground and mire with noisome smell 4.67. Forthwith they roam the glades and forests o'er 4.68. Rifle the painted flowers, or sip the streams 4.69. Light-hovering on the surface. Hence it i 4.70. With some sweet rapture, that we know not of 4.71. Their little ones they foster, hence with skill 4.72. Work out new wax or clinging honey mould. 4.73. So when the cage-escaped hosts you see 4.74. Float heavenward through the hot clear air, until 4.75. You marvel at yon dusky cloud that spread 4.76. And lengthens on the wind, then mark them well; 4.77. For then 'tis ever the fresh springs they seek 4.78. And bowery shelter: hither must you bring 4.79. The savoury sweets I bid, and sprinkle them 4.80. Bruised balsam and the wax-flower's lowly weed 4.81. And wake and shake the tinkling cymbals heard 4.82. By the great Mother: on the anointed spot 4.83. Themselves will settle, and in wonted wise 4.84. Seek of themselves the cradle's inmost depth. 4.85. But if to battle they have hied them forth— 4.86. For oft 'twixt king and king with uproar dire 4.87. Fierce feud arises, and at once from far 4.88. You may discern what passion sways the mob 4.89. And how their hearts are throbbing for the strife; 4.90. Hark! the hoarse brazen note that warriors know 4.91. Chides on the loiterers, and the ear may catch 4.92. A sound that mocks the war-trump's broken blasts; 4.93. Then in hot haste they muster, then flash wings 4.94. Sharpen their pointed beaks and knit their thews 4.95. And round the king, even to his royal tent 4.96. Throng rallying, and with shouts defy the foe. 4.97. So, when a dry Spring and clear space is given 4.98. Forth from the gates they burst, they clash on high; 4.99. A din arises; they are heaped and rolled 4.100. Into one mighty mass, and headlong fall 4.101. Not denselier hail through heaven, nor pelting so 4.102. Rains from the shaken oak its acorn-shower. 4.103. Conspicuous by their wings the chiefs themselve 4.104. Press through the heart of battle, and display 4.105. A giant's spirit in each pigmy frame 4.106. Steadfast no inch to yield till these or those 4.107. The victor's ponderous arm has turned to flight. 4.108. Such fiery passions and such fierce assault 4.109. A little sprinkled dust controls and quells. 4.110. And now, both leaders from the field recalled 4.111. Who hath the worser seeming, do to death 4.112. Lest royal waste wax burdensome, but let 4.113. His better lord it on the empty throne. 4.114. One with gold-burnished flakes will shine like fire 4.115. For twofold are their kinds, the nobler he 4.116. of peerless front and lit with flashing scales; 4.117. That other, from neglect and squalor foul 4.118. Drags slow a cumbrous belly. As with kings 4.119. So too with people, diverse is their mould 4.120. Some rough and loathly, as when the wayfarer 4.121. Scapes from a whirl of dust, and scorched with heat 4.122. Spits forth the dry grit from his parched mouth: 4.123. The others shine forth and flash with lightning-gleam 4.124. Their backs all blazoned with bright drops of gold 4.125. Symmetric: this the likelier breed; from these 4.126. When heaven brings round the season, thou shalt strain 4.127. Sweet honey, nor yet so sweet as passing clear 4.128. And mellowing on the tongue the wine-god's fire. 4.129. But when the swarms fly aimlessly abroad 4.130. Disport themselves in heaven and spurn their cells 4.131. Leaving the hive unwarmed, from such vain play 4.132. Must you refrain their volatile desires 4.133. Nor hard the task: tear off the monarchs' wings; 4.134. While these prove loiterers, none beside will dare 4.135. Mount heaven, or pluck the standards from the camp. 4.136. Let gardens with the breath of saffron flower 4.137. Allure them, and the lord of placeName key= 4.138. Priapus, wielder of the willow-scythe 4.139. Safe in his keeping hold from birds and thieves. 4.140. And let the man to whom such cares are dear 4.141. Himself bring thyme and pine-trees from the heights 4.142. And strew them in broad belts about their home; 4.143. No hand but his the blistering task should ply 4.144. Plant the young slips, or shed the genial showers. 4.145. And I myself, were I not even now 4.146. Furling my sails, and, nigh the journey's end 4.147. Eager to turn my vessel's prow to shore 4.148. Perchance would sing what careful husbandry 4.149. Makes the trim garden smile; of placeName key= 4.150. Whose roses bloom and fade and bloom again; 4.151. How endives glory in the streams they drink 4.152. And green banks in their parsley, and how the gourd 4.153. Twists through the grass and rounds him to paunch; 4.154. Nor of Narcissus had my lips been dumb 4.155. That loiterer of the flowers, nor supple-stemmed 4.156. Acanthus, with the praise of ivies pale 4.157. And myrtles clinging to the shores they love. 4.158. For 'neath the shade of tall Oebalia's towers 4.159. Where dark Galaesus laves the yellowing fields 4.160. An old man once I mind me to have seen— 4.161. From Corycus he came—to whom had fallen 4.162. Some few poor acres of neglected land 4.163. And they nor fruitful' neath the plodding steer 4.164. Meet for the grazing herd, nor good for vines. 4.165. Yet he, the while his meagre garden-herb 4.166. Among the thorns he planted, and all round 4.167. White lilies, vervains, and lean poppy set 4.168. In pride of spirit matched the wealth of kings 4.169. And home returning not till night was late 4.170. With unbought plenty heaped his board on high. 4.171. He was the first to cull the rose in spring 4.172. He the ripe fruits in autumn; and ere yet 4.173. Winter had ceased in sullen ire to rive 4.174. The rocks with frost, and with her icy bit 4.175. Curb in the running waters, there was he 4.176. Plucking the rathe faint hyacinth, while he chid 4.177. Summer's slow footsteps and the lagging West. 4.178. Therefore he too with earliest brooding bee 4.179. And their full swarms o'erflowed, and first was he 4.180. To press the bubbling honey from the comb; 4.181. Lime-trees were his, and many a branching pine; 4.182. And all the fruits wherewith in early bloom 4.183. The orchard-tree had clothed her, in full tale 4.184. Hung there, by mellowing autumn perfected. 4.185. He too transplanted tall-grown elms a-row 4.186. Time-toughened pear, thorns bursting with the plum 4.187. And plane now yielding serviceable shade 4.188. For dry lips to drink under: but these things 4.189. Shut off by rigorous limits, I pass by 4.190. And leave for others to sing after me. 4.191. Come, then, I will unfold the natural power 4.192. Great Jove himself upon the bees bestowed 4.193. The boon for which, led by the shrill sweet strain 4.194. of the Curetes and their clashing brass 4.195. They fed the King of heaven in Dicte's cave. 4.196. Alone of all things they receive and hold 4.197. Community of offspring, and they house 4.198. Together in one city, and beneath 4.199. The shelter of majestic laws they live; 4.200. And they alone fixed home and country know 4.201. And in the summer, warned of coming cold 4.202. Make proof of toil, and for the general store 4.203. Hoard up their gathered harvesting. For some 4.204. Watch o'er the victualling of the hive, and these 4.205. By settled order ply their tasks afield; 4.206. And some within the confines of their home 4.207. Plant firm the comb's first layer, Narcissus' tear 4.208. And sticky gum oozed from the bark of trees 4.209. Then set the clinging wax to hang therefrom. 4.210. Others the while lead forth the full-grown young 4.211. Their country's hope, and others press and pack 4.212. The thrice repured honey, and stretch their cell 4.213. To bursting with the clear-strained nectar sweet. 4.214. Some, too, the wardship of the gates befalls 4.215. Who watch in turn for showers and cloudy skies 4.217. Or form a band and from their precincts drive 4.218. The drones, a lazy herd. How glows the work! 4.242. Now bids them quit their pasturing on the plain 4.251. Safe-circling fetch them water, or essay 4.560. Forestalled him with the fetters; he nathless 4.561. All unforgetful of his ancient craft

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
achilles	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 254
aeetes	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
aetiology	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 206
aetiology of labor	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 16, 39, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 128, 159, 161, 162, 252, 254
allusion/allusiveness	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
allusion	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 16
aloadae	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
amor,and metamorphosis	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 128
amor,in georgics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 188
amor	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 62
animals,in lucretius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 206
animals	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 128
apollonius rhodius	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 96
aratus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39, 59, 162
argo,as first ship	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
argonauts	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 96
aristaeus and orpheus	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
aristotle,eth. nic.	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
aristotle	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
ataraxia	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39
augustus,divine honours	Xinyue (2022), Politics and Divinization in Augustan Poetry, 92
bacchus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39
bees,as golden age ideal	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 125
bees,in georgic	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 125
bees	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159
berenice	Xinyue (2022), Politics and Divinization in Augustan Poetry, 92
birds	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 128, 255
bones	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
caesar (octavian)	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
callimachus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 252
cato	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159
centaurs	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 128
cereal crops	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159, 161, 252, 254, 255
ceres	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 66, 67
chiron	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 128
city,as loss of golden age community	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 91
colchis	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
columella	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159, 255
community,as alternative to iron age values	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
community,as golden age	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
conte,g. b.	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8
cura	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 16, 159, 161, 162
cyclical schemas of history	Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83
decline,historical	Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83
deification,of octavian	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29
earth	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
emotions,gender-based view of	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
epicureanism	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 188, 252
epicurus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 66, 128, 162, 254
eris	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 63, 66
fas	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54, 96
fear,and hope ( spes )	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 96
fear,and tyranny	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
finales,book 1	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 188, 255
finales,book 2	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 39, 67, 188, 252
finales,book 3	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 128
finales	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8
fire	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
georgic poet,mission of pity and community	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
georgics ,pity in	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
gigantomachy/giants	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
gods,in lucretius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 59, 169, 254
gods,in the georgics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 39, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 169, 206, 252
golden age,as moral value	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54, 91, 93
golden age,in georgic	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 93, 96, 114, 125
golden age,pity in	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
golden age	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 39, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 162, 206, 254; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
grafting	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29
growth,spontaneous (wild)	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
hellenistic ruler cult	Xinyue (2022), Politics and Divinization in Augustan Poetry, 92
hesiod,allusions to	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 61, 62, 63, 161, 162, 252
hesiod,myth of the races in	Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 43
hesiod	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67; Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 43
heuretai	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 66, 67
hippolytus	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121
homer	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 161
homeric similes	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 69, 254
horses	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29
iacchus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 67
imagery,chariots	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 188
imagery,military	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 16, 69, 161, 252, 254, 255
intertextuality	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 16, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 161, 162
iron age,as dissolution of moral community	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
iron age,instituted by jove	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 96
iron age	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121
irony	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 96
jason	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
jove,and bees	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 125
jove,and iron age	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 96
jove,moral omission of	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54, 91
jupiter,aen.	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 96
jupiter,arg.	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 96
jupiter	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 123; Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 16, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 161, 162, 169, 206, 254; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 123; Xinyue (2022), Politics and Divinization in Augustan Poetry, 92
labor,in hesiod	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 61, 62
labor,in lucretius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 161
labor,in the georgics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159, 161, 162, 169, 188, 206, 252
labor	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 16, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67
laomedon	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 114
liber	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29
locus amoenus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39
lucretius,agriculture in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 63, 64, 65, 66, 161, 206, 254
lucretius,animals in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 206
lucretius,culture-history in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 63, 66
lucretius,gods in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 59, 169, 254
lucretius,labor in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 161
lucretius,laws of nature in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 206
lucretius,myth in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 69
lucretius,natura in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 66, 69
lucretius,politics in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39
lucretius,religion in	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 63
metamorphosis	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 128
metus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 69, 159, 169
monsters	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 128
muses	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 188; Xinyue (2022), Politics and Divinization in Augustan Poetry, 92
mynors,r. a. b.	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 169
mysteries	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 67
myth,in lucretius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 69
myth,in the georgics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 128, 206
natura	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 66, 69
nature	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
neptune	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29
nisus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 128
nostalgia	Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83
oak	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
octavian	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 252
olive	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
olives	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 169
optimism	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 161
order	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
orpheus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159
otium	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39, 252
parthia	Xinyue (2022), Politics and Divinization in Augustan Poetry, 92
pastoral	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39, 161
path	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
periodisation of history	Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83
perses	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
personification	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 255
pessimism	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 254
pindar	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 188
pity,in the georgics	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 54
plague	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39, 128
poetry and poetics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8, 159, 188
politics,in lucretius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39
politics,in the georgics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39, 188
praises of country life,as reflection on conventional georgic ideology	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 114
prayer	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 61, 67
primitivism	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29, 62; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
proems,in lucretius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 59
progress,historical	Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83
prometheus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 61, 62
providentialism	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 65, 66, 162, 206
religion,in lucretius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 63, 67
religion,in the georgics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 61, 67, 206
saturn	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 123
scha¨fer,s.	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 67
scylla	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 128
seneca,thy.	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
servius	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29
similes	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 69, 254
sphragis	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 252
stoicism,greek	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
stoicism,roman	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
stoicism	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 62, 65, 66, 162
storms	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 16, 69, 162, 169
suffering,suffering as discipline	Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83
suicide,gender moral reasoning	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
temporal terminology\n,saeculum	Crabb (2020), Luke/Acts and the End of History, 83
trees	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159
triptolemus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 67
tyrant,effeminate/emasculated	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
tyrant,feminized/feminization of	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
tyrant,political impotence	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
tyrant,psychology of	Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 6
underworld	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 8
valerius flaccus,and apollonius rhodius	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
valerius flaccus,and seneca	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121
valerius flaccus,civil war in	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
varro	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 159, 255
veternus	Perkell (1989), The Poet's Truth: A Study of the Poet in Virgil's Georgics, 96
vines	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 169, 255
virgil,and aratus	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 39, 59, 162
virgil,and hesiod	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 161, 162, 252
virgil,and homer	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 69, 254
virgil,and octavian	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 252
war,and agriculture	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 252, 254, 255
war,civil war	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 69, 252, 254, 255
war,in the georgics	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 252, 254, 255
war,octavian as warrior	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 252
war/warfare'	Clay and Vergados (2022), Teaching through Images: Imagery in Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry, 254
weather signs	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 59, 128, 206
xenophanes	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 162
zeus	Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 123; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 61, 62, 161, 162; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 123
zoogony	Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 29