Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

11092

Vergil, Aeneis, 8.319-8.332
Primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo filled all the arching sky, the river's banks
arma Iovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. asunder leaped, and Tiber in alarm
Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis reversed his flowing wave. So Cacus' lair
composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari lay shelterless, and naked to the day
maluit, his quoniam latuisset tutis in oris. the gloomy caverns of his vast abode
Aurea quae perhibent illo sub rege fuere tood open, deeply yawning, just as if
saecula. Sic placida populos in pace regebat the riven earth should crack, and open wide
deterior donec paulatim ac decolor aetas th' infernal world and fearful kingdoms pale
et belli rabies et amor successit habendi. which gods abhor; and to the realms on high
Tum manus Ausonia et gentes venere Sicanae the measureless abyss should be laid bare
saepius et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus; and pale ghosts shrink before the entering sun.
tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris Now upon Cacus, startled by the glare
a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim caged in the rocks and howling horribly
diximus, amisit verum vetus Albula nomen; Alcides hurled his weapons, raining down

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

27 results
1. Hesiod, Works And Days, 122-143, 111 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) 111. As well, in silence, for Zeus took away
2. Euripides, Bacchae, 754 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 754. διέφερον· ἥρπαζον μὲν ἐκ δόμων τέκνα·
3. Euripides, Medea, 5, 9-10 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 10. to slay their father and come to live here in the land of Corinth with her husband and children, where her exile found favour with the citizens to whose land she had come, and in all things of her own accord was she at one with Jason, the greatest safeguard thi
4. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, 1.19-1.20 (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 1.19. Ἄργον Ἀθηναίης καμέειν ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν. 1.20. νῦν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼ γενεήν τε καὶ οὔνομα μυθησαίμην
5. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, 7.16.1 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
6. Augustus, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, "20" (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
7. Horace, Epodes, 16 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
8. Livy, History, 1.7, 1.7.3, 5.21.1-5.21.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
9. Lucretius Carus, On The Nature of Things, 5.1286 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
10. Ovid, Ars Amatoria, 3.119-3.122 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
11. Ovid, Fasti, 5.147-5.148, 6.473-6.572, 6.580-6.584, 6.589-6.596, 6.601-6.610, 6.613-6.648 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) 5.147. And each district worships the three divinities. 5.148. Why say this here, when the month of August 6.473. Now you complain, Phrygian Tithonus, abandoned by your bride 6.474. And the vigilant Morning Star leaves the Eastern waters. 6.475. Good mothers (since the Matralia is your festival) 6.476. Go, offer the Theban goddess the golden cakes she’s owed. 6.477. Near the bridges and mighty Circus is a famous square 6.478. One that takes its name from the statue of an ox: 6.479. There, on this day, they say, Servius with his own 6.480. Royal hands, consecrated a temple to Mother Matruta. 6.481. Bacchus, whose hair is twined with clustered grapes 6.482. If the goddess’ house is also yours, guide the poet’s work 6.483. Regarding who the goddess is, and why she exclude 6.484. (Since she does) female servants from the threshold 6.485. of her temple, and why she calls for toasted cakes. 6.486. Semele was burnt by Jove’s compliance: Ino 6.487. Received you as a baby, and nursed you with utmost care. 6.488. Juno swelled with rage, that Ino should raise a child 6.489. Snatched from Jove’s lover: but it was her sister’s son. 6.490. So Athamas was haunted by the Furies, and false visions 6.491. And little Learchus died by his father’s hand. 6.492. His grieving mother committed his shade to the tomb. 6.493. And paid the honours due to the sad pyre. 6.494. Then tearing her hair in sorrow, she leapt up 6.495. And snatched you from your cradle, Melicertes. 6.496. There’s a narrow headland between two seas 6.497. A single space attacked by twofold waves: 6.498. There Ino came, clutching her son in her frenzied grasp 6.499. And threw herself, with him, from a high cliff into the sea. 6.500. Panope and her hundred sisters received them unharmed 6.501. And gliding smoothly carried them through their realm. 6.502. They reached the mouth of densely eddying Tiber 6.503. Before they became Leucothea and Palaemon. 6.504. There was a grove: known either as Semele’s or Stimula’s: 6.505. Inhabited, they say, by Italian Maenads. 6.506. Ino, asking them their nation, learned they were Arcadians 6.507. And that Evander was the king of the place. 6.508. Hiding her divinity, Saturn’s daughter cleverly 6.509. Incited the Latian Bacchae with deceiving words: 6.510. ‘O too-easy-natured ones, caught by every feeling! 6.511. This stranger comes, but not as a friend, to our gathering. 6.512. She’s treacherous, and would learn our sacred rites: 6.513. But she has a child on whom we can wreak punishment.’ 6.514. She’d scarcely ended when the Thyiads, hair streaming 6.515. Over their necks, filled the air with their howling 6.516. Laid hands on Ino, and tried to snatch the boy. 6.517. She invoked gods with names as yet unknown to her: 6.518. ‘Gods, and men, of this land, help a wretched mother!’ 6.519. Her cry carried to the neighbouring Aventine. 6.520. Oetaean Hercules having driven the Iberian cattle 6.521. To the riverbank, heard and hurried towards the voice. 6.522. As he arrived, the women who’d been ready for violence 6.523. Shamefully turned their backs in cowardly flight. 6.524. ‘What are you doing here,’ said Hercules (recognising her) 6.525. ‘Sister of Bacchus’ mother? Does Juno persecute you too?’ 6.526. She told him part of her tale, suppressing the rest because of her son: 6.527. Ashamed to have been goaded to crime by the Furies. 6.528. Rumour, so swift, flew on beating wings 6.529. And your name was on many a lip, Ino. 6.530. It’s said you entered loyal Carmentis’ home 6.531. As a guest, and assuaged your great hunger: 6.532. They say the Tegean priestess quickly made cake 6.533. With her own hands, and baked them on the hearth. 6.534. Now cakes delight the goddess at the Matralia: 6.535. Country ways pleased her more than art’s attentions. 6.536. ‘Now, O prophetess,’ she said, ‘reveal my future fate 6.537. As far as is right. Add this, I beg, to your hospitality.’ 6.538. A pause ensued. Then the prophetess assumed divine powers 6.539. And her whole breast filled with the presence of the god: 6.540. You’d hardly have known her then, so much taller 6.541. And holier she’d become than a moment before. 6.542. ‘I sing good news, Ino,’ she said, ‘your trials are over 6.543. Be a blessing to your people for evermore. 6.544. You’ll be a sea goddess, and your son will inhabit ocean. 6.545. Take different names now, among your own waves: 6.546. Greeks will call you Leucothea, our people Matuta: 6.547. Your son will have complete command of harbours 6.548. We’ll call him Portunus, Palaemon in his own tongue. 6.549. Go, and both be friends, I beg you, of our country!’ 6.550. Ino nodded, and gave her promise. Their trials were over 6.551. They changed their names: he’s a god and she’s a goddess. 6.552. You ask why she forbids the approach of female servants? 6.553. She hates them: by her leave I’ll sing the reason for her hate. 6.554. Daughter of Cadmus, one of your maid 6.555. Was often embraced by your husband. 6.556. Faithless Athamas secretly enjoyed her: he learned 6.557. From her that you gave the farmers parched seed. 6.558. You yourself denied it, but rumour confirmed it. 6.559. That’s why you hate the service of a maid. 6.560. But let no loving mother pray to her, for her child: 6.561. She herself proved an unfortunate parent. 6.562. Better command her to help another’s child: 6.563. She was more use to Bacchus than her own. 6.564. They say she asked you, Rutilius, ‘Where are you rushing? 6.565. As consul you’ll fall to the Marsian enemy on my day.’ 6.566. Her words were fulfilled, the Tolenu 6.567. Flowed purple, its waters mixed with blood. 6.568. The following year, Didius, killed on the same 6.569. Day, doubled the enemy’s strength. 6.570. Fortuna, the same day is yours, your temple 6.571. Founded by the same king, in the same place. 6.572. And whose is that statue hidden under draped robes? 6.580. So that the gate bears the name Fenestella. 6.581. She’s still ashamed, and hides the beloved feature 6.582. Under cloth: the king’s face being covered by a robe. 6.583. Or is it rather that, after his murder, the people 6.584. Were bewildered by their gentle leader’s death 6.589. Having secured her marriage by crime, Tullia 6.590. Used to incite her husband with words like these: 6.591. ‘What use if we’re equally matched, you by my sister’ 6.592. Murder, I by your brother’s, in leading a virtuous life? 6.593. Better that my husband and your wife had lived 6.594. Than that we shrink from greater achievement. 6.595. I offer my father’s life and realm as my dower: 6.596. If you’re a man, go take the dower I speak of. 6.601. With blood and slaughter the weak old man was defeated: 6.602. Tarquin the Proud snatched his father-in-law’s sceptre. 6.603. Servius himself fell bleeding to the hard earth 6.604. At the foot of the Esquiline, site of his palace. 6.605. His daughter, driving to her father’s home 6.606. Rode through the streets, erect and haughty. 6.607. When her driver saw the king’s body, he halted 6.608. In tears. She reproved him in these terms: 6.609. ‘Go on, or do you seek the bitter fruits of virtue? 6.610. Drive the unwilling wheels, I say, over his face.’ 6.613. Yet she still dared to visit her father’s temple 6.614. His monument: what I tell is strange but true. 6.615. There was a statue enthroned, an image of Servius: 6.616. They say it put a hand to its eyes 6.617. And a voice was heard: ‘Hide my face 6.618. Lest it view my own wicked daughter.’ 6.619. It was veiled by cloth, Fortune refused to let the robe 6.620. Be removed, and she herself spoke from her temple: 6.621. ‘The day when Servius’ face is next revealed 6.622. Will be a day when shame is cast aside.’ 6.623. Women, beware of touching the forbidden cloth 6.624. (It’s sufficient to utter prayers in solemn tones) 6.625. And let him who was the City’s seventh king 6.626. Keep his head covered, forever, by this veil. 6.627. The temple once burned: but the fire spared 6.628. The statue: Mulciber himself preserved his son. 6.629. For Servius’ father was Vulcan, and the lovely 6.630. Ocresia of Corniculum his mother. 6.631. Once, performing sacred rites with her in the due manner 6.632. Tanaquil ordered her to pour wine on the garlanded hearth: 6.633. There was, or seemed to be, the form of a male organ 6.634. In the ashes: the shape was really there in fact. 6.635. The captive girl sat on the hearth, as commanded: 6.636. She conceived Servius, born of divine seed. 6.637. His father showed his paternity by touching the child’ 6.638. Head with fire, and a cap of flames glowed on his hair. 6.639. And Livia, this day dedicated a magnificent shrine to you 6.640. Concordia, that she offered to her dear husband. 6.641. Learn this, you age to come: where Livia’s Colonnade 6.642. Now stands, there was once a vast palace. 6.643. A site that was like a city: it occupied a space 6.644. Larger than that of many a walled town. 6.645. It was levelled to the soil, not because of its owner’s treason 6.646. But because its excess was considered harmful. 6.647. Caesar counteced the demolition of such a mass 6.648. Destroying its great wealth to which he was heir.
12. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.113-1.114 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
13. Ovid, Tristia, 3.1 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
14. Propertius, Elegies, 4.9 (1st cent. BCE
15. Tibullus, Elegies, 1.3, 1.3.35-1.3.50, 2.3, 2.5, 2.5.9 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
16. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.28, 1.520, 1.544-1.545, 1.584-1.585, 1.589-1.593, 1.631-1.632, 4.6, 4.198, 4.477, 5.296, 5.330-5.331, 5.553-5.554, 6.14-6.41, 6.794, 6.891, 7.5, 7.29-7.36, 7.45-7.49, 7.58-7.101, 7.177-7.182, 7.191, 7.203-7.204, 7.219-7.221, 7.240-7.242, 7.635-7.636, 8.1-8.318, 8.320-8.400, 8.424-8.438, 8.678-8.681, 10.495-10.505 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.28. that of the Trojan blood there was a breed 1.520. in slumber lie. of ancient Troy are we— 1.544. unto our Tyrian town. Go steadfast on 1.545. and to the royal threshold make thy way! 1.584. the brow of a high hill, which close in view 1.585. o'er-towers the city's crown. The vast exploit 1.589. The Tyrians toil unwearied; some up-raise 1.590. a wall or citadel, from far below 1.591. lifting the ponderous stone; or with due care 1.592. choose where to build, and close the space around 1.593. with sacred furrow; in their gathering-place 1.631. For while he waits the advent of the Queen 1.632. he scans the mighty temple, and admires 4.6. cling to her heart like lingering, barbed steel 4.198. meet in a golden clasp. To greet her come 4.477. of marriage. Had my destiny decreed 5.296. with Mnestheus, cleaving her last stretch of sea 5.331. Aeneas then, assembling all to hear 5.553. and towered gigantic in the midmost ring. 5.554. Anchises' son then gave two equal pairs 6.14. The templed hill where lofty Phoebus reigns 6.15. And that far-off, inviolable shrine 6.16. of dread Sibylla, in stupendous cave 6.17. O'er whose deep soul the god of Delos breathes 6.18. Prophetic gifts, unfolding things to come. 6.20. Here Daedalus, the ancient story tells 6.21. Escaping Minos' power, and having made 6.22. Hazard of heaven on far-mounting wings 6.23. Floated to northward, a cold, trackless way 6.24. And lightly poised, at last, o'er Cumae 's towers. 6.25. Here first to earth come down, he gave to thee 6.26. His gear of wings, Apollo! and ordained 6.27. Vast temples to thy name and altars fair. 6.28. On huge bronze doors Androgeos' death was done; 6.29. And Cecrops' children paid their debt of woe 6.30. Where, seven and seven,—0 pitiable sight!— 6.31. The youths and maidens wait the annual doom 6.32. Drawn out by lot from yonder marble urn. 6.33. Beyond, above a sea, lay carven Crete :— 6.34. The bull was there; the passion, the strange guile; 6.35. And Queen Pasiphae's brute-human son 6.36. The Minotaur—of monstrous loves the sign. 6.37. Here was the toilsome, labyrinthine maze 6.38. Where, pitying love-lorn Ariadne's tears 6.39. The crafty Daedalus himself betrayed 6.40. The secret of his work; and gave the clue 6.41. To guide the path of Theseus through the gloom. 6.794. Lashed to the whirling spokes; in his sad seat 6.891. Will Heaven, beloved son, once more allow 7.5. Their proper glory. When Aeneas now 7.29. on that destroying shore, kind Neptune filled 7.30. their sails with winds of power, and sped them on 7.32. Now morning flushed the wave, and saffron-garbed 7.33. Aurora from her rose-red chariot beamed 7.34. in highest heaven; the sea-winds ceased to stir; 7.35. a sudden calm possessed the air, and tides 7.36. of marble smoothness met the laboring oar. 7.46. Hail, Erato! while olden kings and thrones 7.47. and all their sequent story I unfold! 7.48. How Latium 's honor stood, when alien ships 7.49. brought war to Italy, and from what cause 7.58. o'er tranquil vales and towns. He was the son 7.59. of Faunus, so the legend tells, who wed 7.60. the nymph Marica of Laurentian stem. 7.61. Picus was Faunus' father, whence the line 7.62. to Saturn's Ioins ascends. O heavenly sire 7.63. from thee the stem began! But Fate had given 7.64. to King Latinus' body no heirs male: 7.65. for taken in the dawning of his day 7.66. his only son had been; and now his home 7.67. and spacious palace one sole daughter kept 7.68. who was grown ripe to wed and of full age 7.69. to take a husband. Many suitors tried 7.70. from all Ausonia and Latium 's bounds; 7.71. but comeliest in all their princely throng 7.72. came Turnus, of a line of mighty sires. 7.73. Him the queen mother chiefly loved, and yearned 7.74. to call him soon her son. But omens dire 7.75. and menaces from Heaven withstood her will. 7.76. A laurel-tree grew in the royal close 7.77. of sacred leaf and venerated age 7.78. which, when he builded there his wall and tower 7.79. Father Latinus found, and hallowed it 7.80. to Phoebus' grace and power, wherefrom the name 7.81. Laurentian, which his realm and people bear. 7.82. Unto this tree-top, wonderful to tell 7.83. came hosts of bees, with audible acclaim 7.84. voyaging the stream of air, and seized a place 7.85. on the proud, pointing crest, where the swift swarm 7.86. with interlacement of close-clinging feet 7.87. wung from the leafy bough. “Behold, there comes,” 7.88. the prophet cried, “a husband from afar! 7.89. To the same region by the self-same path 7.90. behold an arm'd host taking lordly sway 7.91. upon our city's crown!” Soon after this 7.92. when, coming to the shrine with torches pure 7.93. Lavinia kindled at her father's side 7.94. the sacrifice, swift seemed the flame to burn 7.95. along her flowing hair—O sight of woe! 7.96. Over her broidered snood it sparkling flew 7.97. lighting her queenly tresses and her crown 7.98. of jewels rare: then, wrapt in flaming cloud 7.99. from hall to hall the fire-god's gift she flung. 7.100. This omen dread and wonder terrible 7.101. was rumored far: for prophet-voices told 7.177. in thunder spoke, and, with effulgent ray 7.178. from his ethereal tract outreaching far 7.179. hook visibly the golden-gleaming air. 7.180. Swift, through the concourse of the Trojans, spread 7.181. news of the day at hand when they should build 7.182. their destined walls. So, with rejoicing heart 7.191. Anchises' son chose out from his brave band 7.204. fair youths and striplings in life's early bloom 7.219. Here kings took sceptre and the fasces proud 7.220. with omens fair; the selfsame sacred place 7.221. was senate-house and temple; here was found 7.240. girt in scant shift, and bearing on his left 7.241. the sacred oval shield, appeared enthroned 7.242. Picus, breaker of horses, whom his bride 7.635. For a fair stag, tall-antlered, stolen away 7.636. even from its mother's milk, had long been kept 8.1. When Turnus from Laurentum's bastion proud 8.2. published the war, and roused the dreadful note 8.3. of the harsh trumpet's song; when on swift steeds 8.4. the lash he laid and clashed his sounding arms; 8.5. then woke each warrior soul; all Latium stirred 8.6. with tumult and alarm; and martial rage 8.7. enkindled youth's hot blood. The chieftains proud 8.8. Messapus, Ufens, and that foe of Heaven 8.9. Mezentius, compel from far and wide 8.10. their loyal hosts, and strip the field and farm 8.11. of husbandmen. To seek auxiliar arms 8.12. they send to glorious Diomed's domain 8.13. the herald Venulus, and bid him cry: 8.14. “ Troy is to Latium come; Aeneas' fleet 8.15. has come to land. He brings his vanquished gods 8.16. and gives himself to be our destined King. 8.17. Cities not few accept him, and his name 8.18. through Latium waxes large. But what the foe 8.19. by such attempt intends, what victory 8.20. is his presumptuous hope, if Fortune smile 8.21. Aetolia 's lord will not less wisely fear 8.23. Thus Latium 's cause moved on. Meanwhile the heir 8.24. of great Laomedon, who knew full well 8.25. the whole wide land astir, was vexed and tossed 8.26. in troubled seas of care. This way and that 8.27. his swift thoughts flew, and scanned with like dismay 8.28. each partial peril or the general storm. 8.29. Thus the vexed waters at a fountain's brim 8.30. mitten by sunshine or the silver sphere 8.31. of a reflected moon, send forth a beam 8.32. of flickering light that leaps from wall to wall 8.33. or, skyward lifted in ethereal flight 8.34. glances along some rich-wrought, vaulted dome. 8.35. Now night had fallen, and all weary things 8.36. all shapes of beast or bird, the wide world o'er 8.37. lay deep in slumber. So beneath the arch 8.38. of a cold sky Aeneas laid him down 8.39. upon the river-bank, his heart sore tried 8.40. by so much war and sorrow, and gave o'er 8.41. his body to its Iong-delayed repose. 8.42. There, 'twixt the poplars by the gentle stream 8.43. the River-Father, genius of that place 8.44. old Tiberinus visibly uprose; 8.45. a cloak of gray-green lawn he wore, his hair 8.46. o'erhung with wreath of reeds. In soothing words 8.48. “Seed of the gods! who bringest to my shore 8.49. thy Trojan city wrested from her foe 8.50. a stronghold everlasting, Latium 's plain 8.51. and fair Laurentum long have looked for thee. 8.52. Here truly is thy home. Turn not away. 8.53. Here the true guardians of thy hearth shall be. 8.54. Fear not the gathering war. The wrath of Heaven 8.55. has stilled its swollen wave. A sign I tell: 8.56. Lest thou shouldst deem this message of thy sleep 8.57. a vain, deluding dream, thou soon shalt find 8.58. in the oak-copses on my margent green 8.59. a huge sow, with her newly-littered brood 8.60. of thirty young; along the ground she lies 8.61. now-white, and round her udders her white young. 8.62. There shall thy city stand, and there thy toil 8.63. hall find untroubled rest. After the lapse 8.64. of thrice ten rolling years, Ascanius 8.65. hall found a city there of noble name 8.66. White-City, Alba; 't is no dream I sing! 8.67. But I instruct thee now by what wise way 8.68. th' impending wars may bring thee victory: 8.69. receive the counsel, though the words be few: 8.70. within this land are men of Arcady 8.71. of Pallas' line, who, following in the train 8.72. of King Evander and his men-at-arms 8.73. built them a city in the hills, and chose 8.74. (honoring Pallas, their Pelasgian sire) 8.75. the name of Pallanteum. They make war 8.76. incessant with the Latins. Therefore call 8.77. this people to thy side and bind them close 8.78. in federated power. My channel fair 8.79. and shaded shore shall guide thee where they dwell 8.80. and thy strong oarsmen on my waters borne 8.81. hall mount my falling stream. Rise, goddess-born 8.82. and ere the starlight fade give honor due 8.83. to Juno, and with supplicating vow 8.84. avert her wrath and frown. But unto me 8.85. make offering in thy victorious hour 8.86. in time to come. I am the copious flood 8.87. which thou beholdest chafing at yon shores 8.88. and parting fruitful fields: cerulean stream 8.89. of Tiber, favored greatly of high Heaven. 8.90. here shall arise my house magnificent 8.92. So spake the river-god, and sank from view 8.93. down to his deepest cave; then night and sleep 8.94. together from Aeneas fled away. 8.95. He rose, and to the orient beams of morn 8.96. his forehead gave; in both his hollowed palms 8.97. he held the sacred waters of the stream 8.98. and called aloud: “O ye Laurentian nymphs 8.99. whence flowing rills be born, and chiefly thou 8.100. O Father Tiber, worshipped stream divine 8.101. accept Aeneas, and from peril save! 8.102. If in some hallowed lake or haunted spring 8.103. thy power, pitying my woes, abides 8.104. or wheresoe'er the blessed place be found 8.105. whence first thy beauty flows, there evermore 8.106. my hands shall bring thee gift and sacrifice. 8.107. O chief and sovereign of Hesperian streams 8.108. O river-god that hold'st the plenteous horn 8.109. protect us, and confirm thy words divine!” 8.110. He spoke; then chose twin biremes from the fleet 8.112. But, lo! a sudden wonder met his eyes: 8.113. white gleaming through the grove, with all her brood 8.114. white like herself, on the green bank the Sow 8.115. tretched prone. The good Aeneas slew her there 8.116. Great Juno, for a sacrifice to thee 8.117. himself the priest, and with the sucklings all 8.118. beside shine altar stood. So that whole night 8.119. the god of Tiber calmed his swollen wave 8.120. ebbing or lingering in silent flow 8.121. till like some gentle lake or sleeping pool 8.122. his even waters lay, and strove no more 8.123. against the oarsmen's toil. Upon their way 8.124. they speed with joyful sound; the well-oiled wood 8.125. lips through the watery floor; the wondering waves 8.126. and all the virgin forests wondering 8.127. behold the warriors in far-shining arms 8.128. their painted galleys up the current drive. 8.129. O'er the long reaches of the winding flood 8.130. their sturdy oars outweary the slow course 8.131. of night and day. Fair groves of changeful green 8.132. arch o'er their passage, and they seem to cleave 8.133. green forests in the tranquil wave below. 8.134. Now had the flaming sun attained his way 8.135. to the mid-sphere of heaven, when they discerned 8.136. walls and a citadel in distant view 8.137. with houses few and far between; 't was there 8.138. where sovran Rome to-day has rivalled Heaven 8.139. Evander's realm its slender strength displayed: 8.141. It chanced th' Arcadian King had come that day 8.142. to honor Hercules, Amphitryon's son 8.143. and to the powers divine pay worship due 8.144. in groves outside the wall. Beside him stood 8.145. Pallas his son, his noblest men-at-arms 8.146. and frugal senators, who at the shrines 8.147. burnt incense, while warm blood of victims flowed. 8.148. But when they saw the tall ships in the shade 8.149. of that dark forest plying noiseless oars 8.150. the sudden sight alarmed, and all the throng 8.151. prang to its feet and left the feast divine. 8.152. But dauntless Pallas bade them give not o'er 8.153. the sacred festival, and spear in hand 8.154. flew forward to a bit of rising ground 8.155. and cried from far: “Hail, warriors! what cause 8.156. drives you to lands unknown, and whither bound? 8.157. Your kin, your country? Bring ye peace or war?” 8.158. Father Aeneas then held forth a bough 8.159. of peaceful olive from the lofty ship 8.160. thus answering : “Men Trojan-born are we 8.161. foes of the Latins, who have driven us forth 8.162. with insolent assault. We fain would see 8.163. Evander. Pray, deliver this, and say 8.164. that chosen princes of Dardania 8.165. ue for his help in arms.” So wonder fell 8.166. on Pallas, awestruck at such mighty name. 8.167. O, come, whoe'er thou art,” he said, “and speak 8.168. in presence of my father. Enter here 8.169. guest of our hearth and altar.” He put forth 8.170. his right hand in true welcome, and they stood 8.171. with lingering clasp; then hand in hand advanced 8.173. Aeneas to Evander speaking fair 8.174. these words essayed: “O best of Grecian-born! 8.175. whom Fortune's power now bids me seek and sue 8.176. lifting this olive-branch with fillets bound 8.177. I have not feared thee, though I know thou art 8.178. a Greek, and an Arcadian king, allied 8.179. to the two sons of Atreus. For behold 8.180. my conscious worth, great oracles from Heaven 8.181. the kinship of our sires, thy own renown 8.182. pread through the world—all knit my cause with thine 8.183. all make me glad my fates have so decreed. 8.184. The sire and builder of the Trojan town 8.185. was Dardanus; but he, Electra's child 8.186. came over sea to Teucria; the sire 8.187. of fair Electra was great Atlas, he 8.188. whose shoulder carries the vast orb of heaven. 8.189. But thy progenitor was Mercury 8.190. and him conceiving, Maia, that white maid 8.191. on hoar Cyllene's frosty summit bore. 8.192. But Maia's sire, if aught of truth be told 8.193. was Atlas also, Atlas who sustains 8.194. the weight of starry skies. Thus both our tribes 8.195. are one divided stem. Secure in this 8.196. no envoys have I sent, nor tried thy mind 8.197. with artful first approaches, but myself 8.198. risking my person and my life, have come 8.199. a suppliant here. For both on me and thee 8.200. the house of Daunus hurls insulting war. 8.201. If us they quell, they doubt not to obtain 8.202. lordship of all Hesperia, and subdue 8.203. alike the northern and the southern sea. 8.204. Accept good faith, and give! Behold, our hearts 8.205. quail not in battle; souls of fire are we 8.207. Aeneas ceased. The other long had scanned 8.208. the hero's face, his eyes, and wondering viewed 8.209. his form and mien divine; in answer now 8.210. he briefly spoke: “With hospitable heart 8.211. O bravest warrior of all Trojan-born 8.212. I know and welcome thee. I well recall 8.213. thy sire Anchises, how he looked and spake. 8.214. For I remember Priam, when he came 8.215. to greet his sister, Queen Hesione 8.216. in Salamis, and thence pursued his way 8.217. to our cool uplands of Arcadia . 8.218. The bloom of tender boyhood then was mine 8.219. and with a wide-eyed wonder I did view 8.220. those Teucrian lords, Laomedon's great heir 8.221. and, towering highest in their goodly throng 8.222. Anchises, whom my warm young heart desired 8.223. to speak with and to clasp his hand in mine. 8.224. So I approached, and joyful led him home 8.225. to Pheneus' olden wall. He gave me gifts 8.226. the day he bade adieu; a quiver rare 8.227. filled with good Lycian arrows, a rich cloak 8.228. inwove with thread of gold, and bridle reins 8.229. all golden, now to youthful Pallas given. 8.230. Therefore thy plea is granted, and my hand 8.231. here clasps in loyal amity with thine. 8.232. To-morrow at the sunrise thou shalt have 8.233. my tribute for the war, and go thy way 8.234. my glad ally. But now this festival 8.235. whose solemn rite 't were impious to delay 8.236. I pray thee celebrate, and bring with thee 8.237. well-omened looks and words. Allies we are! 8.239. So saying, he bade his followers renew 8.240. th' abandoned feast and wine; and placed each guest 8.241. on turf-built couch of green, most honoring 8.242. Aeneas by a throne of maple fair 8.243. decked with a lion's pelt and flowing mane. 8.244. Then high-born pages, with the altar's priest 8.245. bring on the roasted beeves and load the board 8.246. with baskets of fine bread; and wine they bring — 8.247. of Ceres and of Bacchus gift and toil. 8.248. While good Aeneas and his Trojans share 8.250. When hunger and its eager edge were gone 8.251. Evander spoke: “This votive holiday 8.252. yon tables spread and altar so divine 8.253. are not some superstition dark and vain 8.254. that knows not the old gods, O Trojan King! 8.255. But as men saved from danger and great fear 8.256. this thankful sacrifice we pay. Behold 8.257. yon huge rock, beetling from the mountain wall 8.258. hung from the cliff above. How lone and bare 8.259. the hollowed mountain looks! How crag on crag 8.260. tumbled and tossed in huge confusion lie! 8.261. A cavern once it was, which ran deep down 8.262. into the darkness. There th' half-human shape 8.263. of Cacus made its hideous den, concealed 8.264. from sunlight and the day. The ground was wet 8.265. at all times with fresh gore; the portal grim 8.266. was hung about with heads of slaughtered men 8.267. bloody and pale—a fearsome sight to see. 8.268. Vulcan begat this monster, which spewed forth 8.269. dark-fuming flames from his infernal throat 8.270. and vast his stature seemed. But time and tide 8.271. brought to our prayers the advent of a god 8.272. to help us at our need. For Hercules 8.273. divine avenger, came from laying low 8.274. three-bodied Geryon, whose spoils he wore 8.275. exultant, and with hands victorious drove 8.276. the herd of monster bulls, which pastured free 8.277. along our river-valley. Cacus gazed 8.278. in a brute frenzy, and left not untried 8.279. aught of bold crime or stratagem, but stole 8.280. four fine bulls as they fed, and heifers four 8.281. all matchless; but, lest hoof-tracks point his way 8.282. he dragged them cave-wards by the tails, confusing 8.283. the natural trail, and hid the stolen herd 8.284. in his dark den; and not a mark or sign 8.285. could guide the herdsmen to that cavern-door. 8.286. But after, when Amphitryon's famous son 8.287. preparing to depart, would from the meads 8.288. goad forth the full-fed herd, his lingering bulls 8.289. roared loud, and by their lamentable cry 8.290. filled grove and hills with clamor of farewell: 8.291. one heifer from the mountain-cave lowed back 8.292. in answer, so from her close-guarded stall 8.293. foiling the monster's will. Then hadst thou seen 8.294. the wrath of Hercules in frenzy blaze 8.295. from his exasperate heart. His arms he seized 8.296. his club of knotted oak, and climbed full-speed 8.297. the wind-swept hill. Now first our people saw 8.298. Cacus in fear, with panic in his eyes. 8.299. Swift to the black cave like a gale he flew 8.300. his feet by terror winged. Scarce had he passed 8.301. the cavern door, and broken the big chains 8.302. and dropped the huge rock which was pendent there 8.303. by Vulcan's well-wrought steel; scarce blocked and barred 8.304. the guarded gate: when there Tirynthius stood 8.305. with heart aflame, surveying each approach 8.306. rolling this way and that his wrathful eyes 8.307. gnashing his teeth. Three times his ire surveyed 8.308. the slope of Aventine ; three times he stormed 8.309. the rock-built gate in vain; and thrice withdrew 8.310. to rest him in the vale. But high above 8.311. a pointed peak arose, sheer face of rock 8.312. on every side, which towered into view 8.313. from the long ridge above the vaulted cave 8.314. fit haunt for birds of evil-boding wing. 8.315. This peak, which leftward toward the river leaned 8.316. he smote upon its right—his utmost blow — 8.317. breaking its bases Ioose; then suddenly 8.318. thrust at it: as he thrust, the thunder-sound 8.320. asunder leaped, and Tiber in alarm 8.321. reversed his flowing wave. So Cacus' lair 8.322. lay shelterless, and naked to the day 8.323. the gloomy caverns of his vast abode 8.324. tood open, deeply yawning, just as if 8.325. the riven earth should crack, and open wide 8.326. th' infernal world and fearful kingdoms pale 8.327. which gods abhor; and to the realms on high 8.328. the measureless abyss should be laid bare 8.329. and pale ghosts shrink before the entering sun. 8.330. Now upon Cacus, startled by the glare 8.331. caged in the rocks and howling horribly 8.332. Alcides hurled his weapons, raining down 8.333. all sorts of deadly missiles—trunks of trees 8.334. and monstrous boulders from the mountain torn. 8.335. But when the giant from his mortal strait 8.336. no refuge knew, he blew from his foul jaws 8.337. a storm of smoke—incredible to tell — 8.338. and with thick darkness blinding every eye 8.339. concealed his cave, uprolling from below 8.340. one pitch-black night of mingled gloom and fire. 8.341. This would Alcides not endure, but leaped 8.342. headlong across the flames, where densest hung 8.343. the rolling smoke, and through the cavern surged 8.344. a drifting and impenetrable cloud. 8.345. With Cacus, who breathed unavailing flame 8.346. he grappled in the dark, locked limb with limb 8.347. and strangled him, till o'er the bloodless throat 8.348. the starting eyeballs stared. Then Hercules 8.349. burst wide the doorway of the sooty den 8.350. and unto Heaven and all the people showed 8.351. the stolen cattle and the robber's crimes 8.352. and dragged forth by the feet the shapeless corpse 8.353. of the foul monster slain. The people gazed 8.354. insatiate on the grewsome eyes, the breast 8.355. of bristling shag, the face both beast and man 8.356. and that fire-blasted throat whence breathed no more 8.357. the extinguished flame. 'T is since that famous day 8.358. we celebrate this feast, and glad of heart 8.359. each generation keeps the holy time. 8.360. Potitius began the worship due 8.361. and our Pinarian house is vowed to guard 8.362. the rites of Hercules. An altar fair 8.363. within this wood they raised; 't is called ‘the Great,’ 8.364. and Ara Maxima its name shall be. 8.365. Come now, my warriors, and bind your brows 8.366. with garlands worthy of the gift of Heaven. 8.367. Lift high the cup in every thankful hand 8.368. and praise our people's god with plenteous wine.” 8.369. He spoke; and of the poplar's changeful sheen 8.370. acred to Hercules, wove him a wreath 8.371. to shade his silvered brow. The sacred cup 8.372. he raised in his right hand, while all the rest 8.374. Soon from the travelling heavens the western star 8.375. glowed nearer, and Potitius led forth 8.376. the priest-procession, girt in ancient guise 8.377. with skins of beasts and carrying burning brands. 8.378. new feasts are spread, and altars heaped anew 8.379. with gifts and laden chargers. Then with song 8.380. the Salian choir surrounds the blazing shrine 8.381. their foreheads wreathed with poplar. Here the youth 8.382. the elders yonder, in proud anthem sing 8.383. the glory and the deeds of Hercules: 8.384. how first he strangled with strong infant hand 8.385. two serpents, Juno's plague; what cities proud 8.386. Troy and Oechalia, his famous war 8.387. in pieces broke; what labors numberless 8.388. as King Eurystheus' bondman he endured 8.389. by cruel Juno's will. “Thou, unsubdued 8.390. didst strike the twy-formed, cloud-bred centaurs down 8.391. Pholus and tall Hylaeus. Thou hast slain 8.392. the Cretan horror, and the lion huge 8.393. beneath the Nemean crag. At sight of thee 8.394. the Stygian region quailed, and Cerberus 8.395. crouching o'er half-picked bones in gory cave. 8.396. Nothing could bid thee fear. Typhoeus towered 8.397. in his colossal Titan-panoply 8.398. o'er thee in vain; nor did thy cunning fail 8.399. when Lema's wonder-serpent round thee drew 8.400. its multudinous head. Hail, Jove's true son! 8.424. in flight from Jove's dread arms, his sceptre lost 8.425. and he an exiled King. That savage race 8.426. he gathered from the mountain slopes; and gave 8.427. wise laws and statutes; so that latent land 8.428. was Latium, ‘hid land’, where he hid so long. 8.429. The golden centuries by legends told 8.430. were under that good King, whose equal sway 8.431. untroubled peace to all his peoples gave. 8.432. But after slow decline arrived an age 8.433. degenerate and of a darker hue 8.434. prone to insensate war and greed of gain. 8.435. Then came Sicanian and Ausonian tribes 8.436. and oft the land of Saturn lost its name. 8.437. New chieftains rose, and Thybris, giant King 8.438. and violent, from whom th' Italians named 8.678. cold, sluggish age, now barren and outworn 8.679. denies new kingdoms, and my slow-paced powers 8.680. run to brave deeds no more. Nor could I urge 8.681. my son, who by his Sabine mother's line 10.495. who also for the roughness of the ground 10.496. were all unmounted: he (the last resource 10.497. of men in straits) to wild entreaty turned 10.498. and taunts, enkindling their faint hearts anew: 10.499. “Whither, my men! O, by your own brave deeds 10.500. O, by our lord Evander's happy wars 10.501. the proud hopes I had to make my name 10.502. a rival glory,—think not ye can fly! 10.503. Your swords alone can carve ye the safe way 10.504. traight through your foes. Where yonder warrior-throng 10.505. is fiercest, thickest, there and only there
17. Vergil, Eclogues, 4.6 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 4.6. has come and gone, and the majestic roll
18. Vergil, Georgics, 1.121-1.146, 1.160, 1.506, 2.532-2.540, 3.1-3.48 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.121. And heaved its furrowy ridges, turns once more 1.122. Cross-wise his shattering share, with stroke on stroke 1.123. The earth assails, and makes the field his thrall. 1.124. Pray for wet summers and for winters fine 1.125. Ye husbandmen; in winter's dust the crop 1.126. Exceedingly rejoice, the field hath joy; 1.127. No tilth makes placeName key= 1.128. Nor Gargarus his own harvests so admire. 1.129. Why tell of him, who, having launched his seed 1.130. Sets on for close encounter, and rakes smooth 1.131. The dry dust hillocks, then on the tender corn 1.132. Lets in the flood, whose waters follow fain; 1.133. And when the parched field quivers, and all the blade 1.134. Are dying, from the brow of its hill-bed 1.135. See! see! he lures the runnel; down it falls 1.136. Waking hoarse murmurs o'er the polished stones 1.137. And with its bubblings slakes the thirsty fields? 1.138. Or why of him, who lest the heavy ear 1.139. O'erweigh the stalk, while yet in tender blade 1.140. Feeds down the crop's luxuriance, when its growth 1.141. First tops the furrows? Why of him who drain 1.142. The marsh-land's gathered ooze through soaking sand 1.143. Chiefly what time in treacherous moons a stream 1.144. Goes out in spate, and with its coat of slime 1.145. Holds all the country, whence the hollow dyke 1.146. Sweat steaming vapour? 1.160. Even this was impious; for the common stock 1.506. Nor filthy swine take thought to toss on high 2.532. Apples, moreover, soon as first they feel 2.533. Their stems wax lusty, and have found their strength 2.534. To heaven climb swiftly, self-impelled, nor crave 2.535. Our succour. All the grove meanwhile no le 2.536. With fruit is swelling, and the wild haunts of bird 2.537. Blush with their blood-red berries. Cytisu 2.538. Is good to browse on, the tall forest yield 2.539. Pine-torches, and the nightly fires are fed 2.540. And shoot forth radiance. And shall men be loath 3.1. Thee too, great Pales, will I hymn, and thee 3.2. Amphrysian shepherd, worthy to be sung 3.3. You, woods and waves Lycaean. All themes beside 3.4. Which else had charmed the vacant mind with song 3.5. Are now waxed common. of harsh Eurystheus who 3.6. The story knows not, or that praiseless king 3.7. Busiris, and his altars? or by whom 3.8. Hath not the tale been told of Hylas young 3.9. Latonian Delos and Hippodame 3.10. And Pelops for his ivory shoulder famed 3.11. Keen charioteer? Needs must a path be tried 3.12. By which I too may lift me from the dust 3.13. And float triumphant through the mouths of men. 3.14. Yea, I shall be the first, so life endure 3.15. To lead the Muses with me, as I pa 3.16. To mine own country from the Aonian height; 3.17. I, placeName key= 3.18. of Idumaea, and raise a marble shrine 3.19. On thy green plain fast by the water-side 3.20. Where Mincius winds more vast in lazy coils 3.21. And rims his margent with the tender reed. 3.22. Amid my shrine shall Caesar's godhead dwell. 3.23. To him will I, as victor, bravely dight 3.24. In Tyrian purple, drive along the bank 3.25. A hundred four-horse cars. All placeName key= 3.26. Leaving Alpheus and Molorchus' grove 3.27. On foot shall strive, or with the raw-hide glove; 3.28. Whilst I, my head with stripped green olive crowned 3.29. Will offer gifts. Even 'tis present joy 3.30. To lead the high processions to the fane 3.31. And view the victims felled; or how the scene 3.32. Sunders with shifted face, and placeName key= 3.33. Inwoven thereon with those proud curtains rise. 3.34. of gold and massive ivory on the door 3.35. I'll trace the battle of the Gangarides 3.36. And our Quirinus' conquering arms, and there 3.37. Surging with war, and hugely flowing, the placeName key= 3.38. And columns heaped on high with naval brass. 3.39. And placeName key= 3.40. And quelled Niphates, and the Parthian foe 3.41. Who trusts in flight and backward-volleying darts 3.42. And trophies torn with twice triumphant hand 3.43. From empires twain on ocean's either shore. 3.44. And breathing forms of Parian marble there 3.45. Shall stand, the offspring of Assaracus 3.46. And great names of the Jove-descended folk 3.47. And father Tros, and placeName key= 3.48. of Cynthus. And accursed Envy there
19. Lucan, Pharsalia, 10.15-10.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
20. Silius Italicus, Punica, 11.259-11.261 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
21. Tacitus, Annals, 2.61 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 2.61.  But other marvels, too, arrested the attention of Germanicus: in especial, the stone colossus of Memnon, which emits a vocal sound when touched by the rays of the sun; the pyramids reared mountain high by the wealth of emulous kings among wind-swept and all but impassable sands; the excavated lake which receives the overflow of Nile; and, elsewhere, narrow gorges and deeps impervious to the plummet of the explorer. Then he proceeded to Elephantine and Syene, once the limits of the Roman Empire, which now stretches to the Persian Gulf.
22. Tacitus, Histories, 5.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 5.9.  The first Roman to subdue the Jews and set foot in their temple by right of conquest was Gnaeus Pompey; thereafter it was a matter of common knowledge that there were no representations of the gods within, but that the place was empty and the secret shrine contained nothing. The walls of Jerusalem were razed, but the temple remained standing. Later, in the time of our civil wars, when these eastern provinces had fallen into the hands of Mark Antony, the Parthian prince, Pacorus, seized Judea, but he was slain by Publius Ventidius, and the Parthians were thrown back across the Euphrates: the Jews were subdued by Gaius Sosius. Antony gave the throne to Herod, and Augustus, after his victory, increased his power. After Herod's death, a certain Simon assumed the name of king without waiting for Caesar's decision. He, however, was put to death by Quintilius Varus, governor of Syria; the Jews were repressed; and the kingdom was divided into three parts and given to Herod's sons. Under Tiberius all was quiet. Then, when Caligula ordered the Jews to set up his statue in their temple, they chose rather to resort to arms, but the emperor's death put an end to their uprising. The princes now being dead or reduced to insignificance, Claudius made Judea a province and entrusted it to Roman knights or to freedmen; one of the latter, Antonius Felix, practised every kind of cruelty and lust, wielding the power of king with all the instincts of a slave; he had married Drusilla, the grand-daughter of Cleopatra and Antony, and so was Antony's grandson-in‑law, while Claudius was Antony's grandson.
23. Valerius Flaccus Gaius, Argonautica, 1.91-1.95 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
24. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.1.5-1.1.6, 6.3.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
25. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 1.7.25, 1.10.19, 3.6.17 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
26. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 1.7.25, 1.10.19, 3.6.17 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
27. Servius, Commentary On The Aeneid, 8.276 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
accessories	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
achilles	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
actium	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
aeetes	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
aeneas, founder of rome	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244, 272
aeneas, kingship of	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63
aeneas	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168; Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111, 119, 120; Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
aetiology	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63
africa proconsularis	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
agamemnon	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
age, golden	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64, 70, 71
age, iron	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
albula, river	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
alexander the great	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
alexandria	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
amor	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 71
anachronism	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
analogues	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63
anchises	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 71; Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
anthropomorphism	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
apollo	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
appian of alexandria	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
argo, as first ship	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
argos	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
arma	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70, 71
athens, romans in	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
augustine, and the saturn cult	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
augustus, mortality threatens renewed civil war	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 68
augustus/octavian, as author and builder	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
augustus	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125; Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63; Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64, 70
augustus (roman emperor)	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
aurea aetas	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
autocracy	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119, 120
bacchic rites, matralia and cult of mater matuta in ovids fasti	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 190, 191
bacchus/dionysus	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 190
bona dea and hercules, inclusion/exclusion in religious practices and	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
books	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119, 120
britain	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
brutus, marcus	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215, 244
bulla regia (hammam daradji)	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
cacus	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
capua	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
carinae	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
carmentis	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201
cattle in rome	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
catullus	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
civil wars	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
colchis	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
cronus	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
culture and nature blended	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
cumae	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
cybele	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
cyclopes	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
cyprian	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
dardanus	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63
daughters	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
di consentes	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
diocletian	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
dionysius of halicarnassus	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
dress, coan	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
dress, female	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
dress, matrons (veste maritali)	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
dress, public ceremonial	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
dress, religious	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
dress, slaves	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
egypt	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
elites	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 120
etymology, latium	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
etymology	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63; Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
evander	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68; Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70, 71; Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
evanders rome	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
fama/rumor	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201
faunus	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63, 64; Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215, 272
fidelity	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
fillets	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
forum, cattle in	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
fragility of civilization	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 68
gender	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
germanicus	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
golden age, alternative version, localized in latium	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68
golden age	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123; Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
greek literature and practice, bacchic rites	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 190
greek literature and practice, ino story, romanization of	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 191
greeks	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
hairstyles, feminine	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
hairstyles	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
hannibal	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
head-coverings	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
headbands	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
hera	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
hercules	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201, 256
hesiod	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
hexameters	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
holy of holies	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
hypsipyle, in apollonius argonautica	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
indeterminacy, horace	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
infulae	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
interior spaces, caves	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
isles of the blessed	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67
italianness of roman religion	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
italus	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215, 272
italy, roman perception of	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
ithaca, etymology	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
janus, and saturn in the golden age of latium	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 68
janus	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
jason	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
jerusalem	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
julius caesar, references alexander the great	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
julius caesar	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63
juno, saturnian, child of saturn	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
juno/hera	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 190, 256
juno	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
jupiter, son of saturn	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
jupiter	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123; Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63; Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64, 70, 71
justice	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 64
king/god equivalence	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63
kings	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
labor	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
latinus, king, palace of	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
latinus, king	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
latinus	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63, 64
latium	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 63; Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70, 71
leglay	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
livia	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168; Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
lotus eaters	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
lucretius	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
ludi compitalicii	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
madness, of war	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 71
malea, cape	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
matralia and cult of mater matuta, bacchic rites in	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 190, 191
matralia and cult of mater matuta, foundational agenda of	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201
matralia and cult of mater matuta, hercules protection of ino in	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201
matralia and cult of mater matuta, model wife and mother, ino as	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 191
matralia and cult of mater matuta, romanizatin of ino story	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 191
matralia and cult of mater matuta, vergils aeneid, as alternative foundation narrative to	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201
matralia and cult of mater matuta	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 190, 191, 201
matrona (married woman)	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
matrons	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
messallinus	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
metallic ages, in horace	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68
metallic ages, in vergil, aeneid	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68
minerva	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
monuments	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
myron	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
myth	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
mythology in roman religions	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
nature and culture, blended	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
nemesis	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
neptune	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
numidia, and saturn cult	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
numinousness, of italian gods	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
octauian (see augustus)	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
octavian	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
odysseus	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
omission	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
ops	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
oracles	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
ostia	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
ovid	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
palatine hill, palimpsestic view	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
palimpsestic rome, in augustan poets	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
palimpsestic rome	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
parade of heroes	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
perses	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
personification	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
philippi	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 68
philosophy, greek, in rome	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68
phocaeans	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67
picus	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215, 272
piety {pietas)	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 64
plutarch	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
pompey (the great)	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
portents	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 64
post-roman world anticipated, by scipio africanus, mourning carthage	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67
post-roman world anticipated, in horaces epodes	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68
post-roman world anticipated	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68
primitivism	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
principate, first	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
prophecy	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
reading, in error or ignorance	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119, 120
religion	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
religions, roman, italianness	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
religions, roman, mythology	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
religions, roman, religious sensibilities	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 244
religions, roman	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
return	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
revisionary	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
rex (regere etc.)	Cairns, Virgil's Augustan Epic (1989) 64
rhetoric	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
ribbons	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
robigus (wheat-rust)	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
roman cityscape	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119, 120
roman state, inclusion/exclusion in religious practices in	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
romanitas	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 256
romans	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
rome, imperial	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
romulus, bones of	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67
rumor/fama	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201
sabinus, father	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215, 272
sacrifice	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
salus	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
saturn, agrarian symbols of	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
saturn, and the golden age of latium	Hay, Saeculum: Defining Historical Eras in Ancient Roman Thought (2023) 67, 68
saturn, as deus frugifer	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
saturn, as dominus	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
saturn, in africa proconsularis	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
saturn, literary evidence for	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
saturn, on farms	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
saturn, on imperial estates	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
saturn, temple of	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
saturn	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123; Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184; Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215, 272; Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64, 70, 71
saturnus	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
scipios	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
sibyl	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111, 119
sicily, sicilian	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
signs and semiotics	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
slaves	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
statues	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
stola	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
storm	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
suetonius	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
sulla	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
surviving monuments, in tunisia'	Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian (1995) 186
tartarus	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
temple of saturn	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
temples, shrines, and altars, of saturnus (mons capitolinus)	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
theater	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111, 119, 120
third ways	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
tiber	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 272
tibullus	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64; Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
titans	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
transcripts, hidden and public	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
triumph	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
trojans	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
troy	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
uirgil	Buszard, Greek Translations of Roman Gods (2023) 125
uxor	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
valerius flaccus, and apollonius rhodius	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
valerius flaccus, civil war in	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123
varro	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215; Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 64
vengeance	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
venus, and vulcan	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
vergil, aeneid, intertextual identity, historical	Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184
vergil, aeneid, matralia as alternative foundation narrative to	Panoussi, Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature (2019) 201
vergil, aeneid	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70
vergil, georgics	Keith and Myers, Vergil and Elegy (2023) 70, 71
vergil	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
vision and viewership	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 119
vittae	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
vulcan	Jenkyns, God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination (2013) 215
wife, wives	Edmondson, Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture (2008) 168
women	Pandey, The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome (2018) 111
zeus	Augoustakis, Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past (2014) 123; Farrell, Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity (2021) 184