Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

10882

Thucydides, The History Of The Peloponnesian War, 3.82.2

καὶ ἐπέπεσε πολλὰ καὶ χαλεπὰ κατὰ στάσιν ταῖς πόλεσι, γιγνόμενα μὲν καὶ αἰεὶ ἐσόμενα, ἕως ἂν ἡ αὐτὴ φύσις ἀνθρώπων ᾖ, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα καὶ τοῖς εἴδεσι διηλλαγμένα, ὡς ἂν ἕκασται αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν ξυντυχιῶν ἐφιστῶνται. ἐν μὲν γὰρ εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς πράγμασιν αἵ τε πόλεις καὶ οἱ ἰδιῶται ἀμείνους τὰς γνώμας ἔχουσι διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ἀκουσίους ἀνάγκας πίπτειν: ὁ δὲ πόλεμος ὑφελὼν τὴν εὐπορίαν τοῦ καθ’ ἡμέραν βίαιος διδάσκαλος καὶ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα τὰς ὀργὰς τῶν πολλῶν ὁμοιοῖ. The sufferings which revolution entailed upon the cities were many and terrible, such as have occurred and always will occur, as long as the nature of mankind remains the same; though in a severer or milder form, and varying in their symptoms, according to the variety of the particular cases. In peace and prosperity states and individuals have better sentiments, because they do not find themselves suddenly confronted with imperious necessities; but war takes away the easy supply of daily wants, and so proves a rough master, that brings most men's characters to a level with their fortunes.

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

2 results
1. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 1.1, 1.1.2, 1.22.4, 1.23, 1.23.1, 1.23.3, 1.71.4, 1.76.3, 1.89-1.118, 1.118.2, 1.140.1, 2.11.7, 2.48.3, 2.49.6, 2.50.1, 2.61.2, 3.3.3, 3.45.6-3.45.7, 3.46.1, 3.59.2, 3.81.5, 3.82.1, 3.82.3-3.82.4, 3.82.6-3.82.8, 3.83.1-3.83.2, 4.17.4, 4.65.4, 5.14.1, 5.14.3, 5.89, 5.105.2, 6.24.3, 7.28.4, 7.71.7, 7.75.4, 8.1.1, 8.2.4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) 1.1.2. Indeed this was the greatest movement yet known in history, not only of the Hellenes, but of a large part of the barbarian world—I had almost said of mankind. 1.22.4. The absence of romance in my history will, I fear, detract somewhat from its interest; but if it be judged useful by those inquirers who desire an exact knowledge of the past as an aid to the interpretation of the future, which in the course of human things must resemble if it does not reflect it, I shall be content. In fine, I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time. 1.23.1. The Median war, the greatest achievement of past times, yet found a speedy decision in two actions by sea and two by land. The Peloponnesian war was prolonged to an immense length, and long as it was it was short without parallel for the misfortunes that it brought upon Hellas . 1.23.3. Old stories of occurrences handed down by tradition, but scantily confirmed by experience, suddenly ceased to be incredible; there were earthquakes of unparalleled extent and violence; eclipses of the sun occurred with a frequency unrecorded in previous history; there were great droughts in sundry places and consequent famines, and that most calamitous and awfully fatal visitation, the plague. All this came upon them with the late war 1.71.4. Here, at least, let your procrastination end. For the present, assist your allies and Potidaea in particular, as you promised, by a speedy invasion of Attica, and do not sacrifice friends and kindred to their bitterest enemies, and drive the rest of us in despair to some other alliance. 1.76.3. And praise is due to all who, if not so superior to human nature as to refuse dominion, yet respect justice more than their position compels them to do. 1.118.2. All these actions of the Hellenes against each other and the barbarian occurred in the fifty years' interval between the retreat of Xerxes and the beginning of the present war. During this interval the Athenians succeeded in placing their empire on a firmer basis, and advanced their own home power to a very great height. The Lacedaemonians, though fully aware of it, opposed it only for a little while, but remained inactive during most of the period, being of old slow to go to war except under the pressure of necessity, and in the present instance being hampered by wars at home; until the growth of the Athenian power could be no longer ignored, and their own confederacy became the object of its encroachments. They then felt that they could endure it no longer, but that the time had come for them to throw themselves heart and soul upon the hostile power, and break it, if they could, by commencing the present war. 1.140.1. ‘There is one principle, Athenians, which I hold to through everything, and that is the principle of no concession to the Peloponnesians. I know that the spirit which inspires men while they are being persuaded to make war, is not always retained in action; that as circumstances change, resolutions change. Yet I see that now as before the same, almost literally the same, counsel is demanded of me; and I put it to those of you, who are allowing yourselves to be persuaded, to support the national resolves even in the case of reverses, or to forfeit all credit for their wisdom in the event of success. For sometimes the course of things is as arbitrary as the plans of man; indeed this is why we usually blame chance for whatever does not happen as we expected. 2.11.7. For men are always exasperated at suffering injuries to which they are not accustomed, and on seeing them inflicted before their very eyes; and where least inclined for reflection, rush with the greatest heat to action. 2.48.3. All speculation as to its origin and its causes, if causes can be found adequate to produce so great a disturbance, I leave to other writers, whether lay or professional; for myself, I shall simply set down its nature, and explain the symptoms by which perhaps it may be recognized by the student, if it should ever break out again. This I can the better do, as I had the disease myself, and watched its operation in the case of others. 2.49.6. Besides this, the miserable feeling of not being able to rest or sleep never ceased to torment them. The body meanwhile did not waste away so long as the distemper was at its height, but held out to a marvel against its ravages; so that when they succumbed, as in most cases, on the seventh or eighth day to the internal inflammation, they had still some strength in them. But if they passed this stage, and the disease descended further into the bowels, inducing a violent ulceration there accompanied by severe diarrhea, this brought on a weakness which was generally fatal. 2.50.1. But while the nature of the distemper was such as to baffle all description, and its attacks almost too grievous for human nature to endure, it was still in the following circumstance that its difference from all ordinary disorders was most clearly shown. All the birds and beasts that prey upon human bodies, either abstained from touching them (though there were many lying unburied), or died after tasting them. 2.61.2. I am the same man and do not alter, it is you who change, since in fact you took my advice while unhurt, and waited for misfortune to repent of it; and the apparent error of my policy lies in the infirmity of your resolution, since the suffering that it entails is being felt by every one among you, while its advantage is still remote and obscure to all, and a great and sudden reverse having befallen you, your mind is too much depressed to persevere in your resolves. 3.3.3. word having been brought them of a festival in honor of the Malean Apollo outside the town, which is kept by the whole people of Mitylene, and at which, if haste were made, they might hope to take them by surprise. If this plan succeeded, well and good; if not, they were to order the Mitylenians to deliver up their ships and to pull down their walls, and if they did not obey, to declare war. 3.45.6. Fortune, too, powerfully helps the delusion, and by the unexpected aid that she sometimes lends, tempts men to venture with inferior means; and this is especially the case with communities, because the stakes played for are the highest, freedom or empire, and, when all are acting together, each man irrationally magnifies his own capacity. 3.45.7. In fine, it is impossible to prevent, and only great simplicity can hope to prevent, human nature doing what it has once set its mind upon, by force of law or by any other deterrent force whatsoever. 3.46.1. We must not, therefore, commit ourselves to a false policy through a belief in the efficacy of the punishment of death, or exclude rebels from the hope of repentance and an early atonement of their error. 3.59.2. We, as we have a right to do and as our need impels us, entreat you, calling aloud upon the gods at whose common altar all the Hellenes worship, to hear our request, to be not unmindful of the oaths which your fathers swore, and which we now plead—we supplicate you by the tombs of your fathers, and appeal to those that are gone to save us from falling into the hands of the Thebans and their dearest friends from being given up to their most detested foes. We also remind you of that day on which we did the most glorious deeds, by your fathers' sides, we who now, on this are like to suffer the most dreadful fate. 3.81.5. Death thus raged in every shape; and, as usually happens at such times, there was no length to which violence did not go; sons were killed by their fathers, and suppliants dragged from the altar or slain upon it; while some were even walled up in the temple of Dionysus and died there. 3.82.1. So bloody was the march of the revolution, and the impression which it made was the greater as it was one of the first to occur. Later on, one may say, the whole Hellenic world was convulsed; struggles being everywhere made by the popular chiefs to bring in the Athenians, and by the oligarchs to introduce the Lacedaemonians. In peace there would have been neither the pretext nor the wish to make such an invitation; but in war, with an alliance always at the command of either faction for the hurt of their adversaries and their own corresponding advantage, opportunities for bringing in the foreigner were never wanting to the revolutionary parties. 3.82.3. Revolution thus ran its course from city to city, and the places which it arrived at last, from having heard what had been done before carried to a still greater excess the refinement of their inventions, as manifested in the cunning of their enterprises and the atrocity of their reprisals. 3.82.4. Words had to change their ordinary meaning and to take that which was now given them. Reckless audacity came to be considered the courage of a loyal ally; prudent hesitation, specious cowardice; moderation was held to be a cloak for unmanliness; ability to see all sides of a question inaptness to act on any. Frantic violence, became the attribute of manliness; cautious plotting, a justifiable means of self-defence. 3.82.6. until even blood became a weaker tie than party, from the superior readiness of those united by the latter to dare everything without reserve; for such associations had not in view the blessings derivable from established institutions but were formed by ambition for their overthrow; and the confidence of their members in each other rested less on any religious sanction than upon complicity in crime. 3.82.7. The fair proposals of an adversary were met with jealous precautions by the stronger of the two, and not with a generous confidence. Revenge also was held of more account than self-preservation. Oaths of reconciliation, being only proffered on either side to meet an immediate difficulty, only held good so long as no other weapon was at hand; but when opportunity offered, he who first ventured to seize it and to take his enemy off his guard, thought this perfidious vengeance sweeter than an open one, since, considerations of safety apart, success by treachery won him the palm of superior intelligence. Indeed it is generally the case that men are readier to call rogues clever than simpletons honest, and are as ashamed of being the second as they are proud of being the first. 3.82.8. The cause of all these evils was the lust for power arising from greed and ambition; and from these passions proceeded the violence of parties once engaged in contention. The leaders in the cities, each provided with the fairest professions, on the one side with the cry of political equality of the people, on the other of a moderate aristocracy, sought prizes for themselves in those public interests which they pretended to cherish, and, recoiling from no means in their struggles for ascendancy, engaged in the direct excesses; in their acts of vengeance they went to even greater lengths, not stopping at what justice or the good of the state demanded, but making the party caprice of the moment their only standard, and invoking with equal readiness the condemnation of an unjust verdict or the authority of the strong arm to glut the animosities of the hour. Thus religion was in honor with neither party; but the use of fair phrases to arrive at guilty ends was in high reputation. Meanwhile the moderate part of the citizens perished between the two, either for not joining in the quarrel, or because envy would not suffer them to escape. 3.83.1. Thus every form of iniquity took root in the Hellenic countries by reason of the troubles. The ancient simplicity into which honor so largely entered was laughed down and disappeared; and society became divided into camps in which no man trusted his fellow. 3.83.2. To put an end to this, there was neither promise to be depended upon, nor oath that could command respect; but all parties dwelling rather in their calculation upon the hopelessness of a permanent state of things, were more intent upon self-defence than capable of confidence. 4.17.4. You can now, if you choose, employ your present success to advantage, so as to keep what you have got and gain honor and reputation besides, and you can avoid the mistake of those who meet with an extraordinary piece of good fortune, and are led on by hope to grasp continually at something further, through having already succeeded without expecting it. 4.65.4. So thoroughly had the present prosperity persuaded the citizens that nothing could withstand them, and that they could achieve what was possible and impracticable alike, with means ample or inadequate it mattered not. The secret of this was their general extraordinary success, which made them confuse their strength with their hopes. 5.14.1. Indeed it so happened that directly after the battle of Amphipolis and the retreat of Ramphias from Thessaly, both sides ceased to prosecute the war and turned their attention to peace. Athens had suffered severely at Delium, and again shortly afterwards at Amphipolis, and had no longer that confidence in her strength which had made her before refuse to treat, in the belief of ultimate victory which her success at the moment had inspired; 5.14.3. Lacedaemon, on the other hand, found the event of the war falsify her notion that a few years would suffice for the overthrow of the power of the Athenians by the devastation of their land. She had suffered on the island a disaster hitherto unknown at Sparta ; she saw her country plundered from Pylos and Cythera ; the Helots were deserting, and she was in constant apprehension that those who remained in Peloponnese would rely upon those outside and take advantage of the situation to renew their old attempts at revolution. 5.105.2. of the gods we believe, and of men we know, that by a necessary law of their nature they rule wherever they can. And it is not as if we were the first to make this law, or to act upon it when made: we found it existing before us, and shall leave it to exist for ever after us; all we do is to make use of it, knowing that you and everybody else, having the same power as we have, would do the same as we do. 6.24.3. All alike fell in love with the enterprise. The older men thought that they would either subdue the places against which they were to sail, or at all events, with so large a force, meet with no disaster; those in the prime of life felt a longing for foreign sights and spectacles, and had no doubt that they should come safe home again; while the idea of the common people and the soldiery was to earn wages at the moment, and make conquests that would supply a never-ending fund of pay for the future. 7.28.4. These causes, the great losses from Decelea, and the other heavy charges that fell upon them, produced their ficial embarrassment; and it was at this time that they imposed upon their subjects, instead of the tribute, the tax of a twentieth upon all imports and exports by sea, which they thought would bring them in more money; their expenditure being now not the same as at first, but having grown with the war while their revenues decayed. 7.71.7. Indeed, the panic of the present moment had never been surpassed. They now suffered very nearly what they had inflicted at Pylos ; as then the Lacedaemonians with the loss of their fleet lost also the men who had crossed over to the island, so now the Athenians had no hope of escaping by land, without the help of some extraordinary accident. 7.75.4. These fell to entreating and bewailing until their friends knew not what to do, begging them to take them and loudly calling to each individual comrade or relative whom they could see, hanging upon the necks of their tent-fellows in the act of departure, and following as far as they could, and when their bodily strength failed them, calling again and again upon heaven and shrieking aloud as they were left behind. So that the whole army being filled with tears and distracted after this fashion found it not easy to go, even from an enemy's land, where they had already suffered evils too great for tears and in the unknown future before them feared to suffer more. 8.1.1. Such were the events in Sicily . When the news was brought to Athens, for a long while they disbelieved even the most respectable of the soldiers who had themselves escaped from the scene of action and clearly reported the matter, a destruction so complete not being thought credible. When the conviction was forced upon them, they were angry with the orators who had joined in promoting the expedition, just as if they had not themselves voted it, and were enraged also with the reciters of oracles and soothsayers, and all other omenmongers of the time who had encouraged them to hope that they should conquer Sicily . 8.2.4. With these reasons for confidence in every quarter, the Lacedaemonians now resolved to throw themselves without reserve into the war considering that, once it was happily terminated, they would be finally delivered from such dangers as that which would have threatened them from Athens, if she had become mistress of Sicily, and that the overthrow of the Athenians would leave them in quiet enjoyment of the supremacy over all Hellas .
2. Plutarch, Nicias, 1.1-1.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
abstract nominal forms (in ancient greek generally),indications of time of day frequent in subject position	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 37
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,accumulations of	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 40, 41, 65
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,agency of humans called into question / deemphasized by	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 70, 71, 76, 171
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,and events and circumstances presented as quasi-agents	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53, 70
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,and hippocratic corpus	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 68
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,and perfect forms with static implications	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 171
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,and personification	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,as subjects	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 37, 40, 67, 70
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,circumstances / conditions / states of affairs stressed by	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 65, 67, 171
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,depersonalizing	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53, 76
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,generalizing	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 65
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,preferred to verbal constructions	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 40, 71
abstract nominal phrases in thucydides,vs. plain style	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 37, 40, 41, 67
accession (imperial)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
achilles tatius	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
alexander the great	Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101
anacyclosis'	Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101
anelpiston	Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018), Hope in Ancient Literature, History, and Art, 141
articular infinitive,rare before thucydides	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 71
asia	Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101
athenian assembly	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
athenian democracy	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
athenians at melos (speech of),on necessity	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 117
athenians at sparta (speech of),and greatest things (fear,honour,and advantage)	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93, 106
athenians at sparta (speech of),and pentecontaetia	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93
athenians at sparta (speech of),apologetic of athens	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93
athenians at sparta (speech of),on necessity of athenian empire	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93, 106
athens and athenians,exposed to forces beyond their control	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93, 106
cassius dio	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
characterisation,and individuation	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
characterisation,and onlookers	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
charmides	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
charmides (historical individual)	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
choice (primarily in thucydides),and freedom	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
choice (primarily in thucydides),qualified by necessity	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
civil conflict (stasis)	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
cleon	Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018), Hope in Ancient Literature, History, and Art, 141
contrasts (in narrative)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
corcyra	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
corinthians (speeches of),at sparta	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53
critias (historical individual)	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
death	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
democracy	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
democritus	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
desire,for more (πλεονεξία)	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 106
despair	Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018), Hope in Ancient Literature, History, and Art, 141
diodorus of sicily	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
diodotus	Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018), Hope in Ancient Literature, History, and Art, 141
dionysius of halicarnassus,on continuity between thucydides style and subject matter	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 14
dionysius of halicarnassus,on persons replacing things	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53
dionysius of halicarnassus,on things replacing persons	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 76
downfall	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
dynasty	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
emotion,description of	de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
emotional restraint,psychology and/of	de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
expectation (negative and positive)	Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018), Hope in Ancient Literature, History, and Art, 141
fear,and stasis at corcyra	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 106
gods	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
hermocrates,successful as leader	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
herodotus	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
historiography,and homer	Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 33
homer,and historiography	Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 33
homer	Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 33
human nature and human beings	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
image	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
impersonal passive,and asthenic verbs	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 67
individuals,withstanding necessity	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
irrational impulses,and human nature	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 106
justice	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
moral beliefs	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
mycalessus,and compounds of πίπτω	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 70
nature (φύσις),and hippocratic corpus	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 65
nature (φύσις),continuous with moral order	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 117
nature (φύσις)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
necessity (in thucydides),and circular pattern of events	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 18, 65, 76, 117
necessity (in thucydides),and circumstances / material conditions / states of affairs	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 76, 77, 93, 171
necessity (in thucydides),and nature (φύσις)	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 18, 65, 106, 117
necessity (in thucydides),flexible	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
necessity (in thucydides),of athenian empire	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93
necessity (in thucydides),scholarly approaches to	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 18
necessity (in thucydides),vs. causal determinism	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
necessity (in thucydides),vs. contingency	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 18, 24
nicias,commander	de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
novel (genre of)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
oligarchy	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
pain/suffering	de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
parallelism (narrative)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
pathology of war,and stasis as attacker	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 68
pathology of war,and stasis as disease	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 68
pathology of war,stylistic comparison with preceding narrative	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 37, 40, 41, 67
pattern(ing)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
peloponnesian war,as attacker	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 70
peloponnesian war,as commonly characterized by thucydides	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 14
peloponnesian war,as cosmic principle	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53
peloponnesian war,encapsulated by various forces	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 70
peloponnesian war,personified	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53
peloponnesian war	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52; de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
pentecontaetia,depersonalizing style in	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93
pericles,and agency	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
pericles,prevailing over irrationality	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 24
perseus	Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101
philip ii	Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101
philip v,against rome	Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101
plague,and compounds of πίπτω	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 68, 70
plague,usefulness of thucydides description of	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 77
plutarch,on style of thucydides	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 14
plutarch	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
politics,hope in greek and roman	Kazantzidis and Spatharas (2018), Hope in Ancient Literature, History, and Art, 141
present things / circumstances (τὰ παρόντα,τὰ ὑπάρχοντα,τὰ πράγματα etc.)	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 53, 93, 171
protagoras	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
protagoras (historical individual)	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
quest for power,as necessity	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 93
quest for power,mainsprings of	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 106
quest for power,self-destructive	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 106
repetition (narrative)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
romans	Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101
spartans at athens (speech of),on chance	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 171
spartans at athens (speech of),on dangers of good fortune	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 171
speech	de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
substantivized neuter phrases,based on adjectives	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 67, 70, 76, 77
success,resulting in loss of control	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 171
succession (imperial)	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
syracuse	de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
syracuse and syracusans	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 14
tacitus	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
thirty oligarchs (tyrants)	Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52
thucydides	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319; Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52; Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 33; Miltsios (2023), Leadership and Leaders in Polybius. 101; de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 384
tragic perspective of thucydides	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 106
xenophon	Chrysanthou (2022), Reconfiguring the Imperial Past: Narrative Patterns and Historical Interpretation in Herodian’s History of the Empire. 319
δεινός and δεινότης,as term applied by ancient literary critics to thucydides	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 14
μεταβολή (reversal)	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 65, 68, 171
πάθος,πάθημα,and παθητικός,applied by dionysius to thucydides	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 14
πάθος,πάθημα,and παθητικός,as attacker	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 70
πάθος,πάθημα,and παθητικός,definition of	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 70
πίπτω,compounds of	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 67, 68, 70
πίπτω,verbum simplex	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 71
τύχη (chance,fortune),and pylos	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 171
τὸ ἀνθρώπινον and τὸ ἀνθρώπειον (the human),and implications of neuter	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 76, 77
τὸ ἀνθρώπινον and τὸ ἀνθρώπειον (the human),and necessity	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 18, 76
φύομαι,perfect forms of	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 117
ἔρως,and sicilian expedition	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 70
ἵστημι,compounds of	Joho (2022), Style and Necessity in Thucydides, 65