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10588

Tacitus, Annals, 1.2

Postquam Bruto et Cassio caesis nulla iam publica arma, Pompeius apud Siciliam oppressus exutoque Lepido, interfecto Antonio ne Iulianis quidem partibus nisi Caesar dux reliquus, posito triumviri nomine consulem se ferens et ad tuendam plebem tribunicio iure contentum, ubi militem donis, populum annona, cunctos dulcedine otii pellexit, insurgere paulatim, munia senatus magistratuum legum in se trahere, nullo adversante, cum ferocissimi per acies aut proscriptione cecidissent, ceteri nobilium, quanto quis servitio promptior, opibus et honoribus extollerentur ac novis ex rebus aucti tuta et praesentia quam vetera et periculosa mallent. neque provinciae illum rerum statum abnuebant, suspecto senatus populique imperio ob certamina potentium et avaritiam magistratuum, invalido legum auxilio quae vi ambitu postremo pecunia turbabantur.

When the killing of Brutus and Cassius had disarmed the Republic; when Pompey had been crushed in Sicily, and, with Lepidus thrown aside and Antony slain, even the Julian party was leaderless but for the Caesar; after laying down his triumviral title and proclaiming himself a simple consul content with tribunician authority to safeguard the commons, he first conciliated the army by gratuities, the populace by cheapened corn, the world by the amenities of peace, then step by step began to make his ascent and to unite in his own person the functions of the senate, the magistracy, and the legislature. Opposition there was none: the boldest spirits had succumbed on stricken fields or by proscription-lists; while the rest of the nobility found a cheerful acceptance of slavery the smoothest road to wealth and office, and, as they had thriven on revolution, stood now for the new order and safety in preference to the old order and adventure. Nor was the state of affairs unpopular in the provinces, where administration by the Senate and People had been discredited by the feuds of the magnates and the greed of the officials, against which there was but frail protection in a legal system for ever deranged by force, by favouritism, or (in the last resort) by gold. <

Interea manipuli ante coeptam seditionem Nauportum missi ob itinera et pontes et alios usus, postquam turbatum in castris accepere, vexilla convellunt direptisque proximis vicis ipsoque Nauporto, quod municipii instar erat, retinentis centuriones inrisu et contumeliis, postremo verberibus insectantur, praecipua in Aufidienum Rufum praefectum castrorum ira, quem dereptum vehiculo sarcinis gravant aguntque primo in agmine per ludibrium rogitantes an tam immensa onera, tam longa itinera libenter ferret. quippe Rufus diu manipularis, dein centurio, mox castris praefectus, antiquam duramque militiam revocabat, vetus operis ac laboris et eo inmitior quia toleraverat.

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

9 results

1. Augustus, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, 6.1 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

2. Seneca The Younger, De Beneficiis, 1.2.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

3. Seneca The Younger, De Clementia, 1.11 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

4. Suetonius, Augustus, 51 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

5. Suetonius, Caligula, 16.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

6. Suetonius, Claudius, 41.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

7. Tacitus, Annals, 1.3, 1.72, 2.8-2.9, 4.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

1.3. Meanwhile, to consolidate his power, Augustus raised Claudius Marcellus, his sister's son and a mere stripling, to the pontificate and curule aedileship: Marcus Agrippa, no aristocrat, but a good soldier and his partner in victory, he honoured with two successive consulates, and a little later, on the death of Marcellus, selected him as a son-inâlaw. Each of his step-children, Tiberius Nero and Claudius Drusus, was given the title of Imperator, though his family proper was still intact: for he had admitted Agrippa's children, Gaius and Lucius, to the Caesarian hearth, and even during their minority had shown, under a veil of reluctance, a consuming desire to see them consuls designate with the title Princes of the Youth. When Agrippa gave up the ghost, untimely fate, or the treachery of their stepmother Livia, cut off both Lucius and Caius Caesar, Lucius on his road to the Spanish armies, Caius â wounded and sick â on his return from Armenia. Drusus had long been dead, and of the stepsons Nero survived alone. On him all centred. Adopted as son, as colleague in the empire, as consort of the tribunician power, he was paraded through all the armies, not as before by the secret diplomacy of his mother, but openly at her injunction. For so firmly had she riveted her chains upon the aged Augustus that he banished to the isle of Planasia his one remaining grandson, Agrippa Postumus, who though guiltless of a virtue, and confident brute-like in his physical strength, had been convicted of no open scandal. Yet, curiously enough, he placed Drusus' son Germanicus at the head of eight legions on the Rhine, and ordered Tiberius to adopt him: it was one safeguard the more, even though Tiberius had already an adult son under his roof. War at the time was none, except an outstanding campaign against the Germans, waged more to redeem the prestige lost with Quintilius Varus and his army than from any wish to extend the empire or with any prospect of an adequate recompense. At home all was calm. The officials carried the old names; the younger men had been born after the victory of Actium; most even of the elder generation, during the civil wars; few indeed were left who had seen the Republic. 1.72. In this year triumphal distinctions were voted to Aulus Caecina, Lucius Apronius, and Caius Silius, in return for their services with Germanicus. Tiberius rejected the title Father of his Country, though it had been repeatedly pressed upon him by the people: and, disregarding a vote of the senate, refused to allow the taking of an oath to obey his enactments. "All human affairs," so ran his comment, "were uncertain, and the higher he climbed the more slippery his position." Yet even so he failed to inspire the belief that his sentiments were not monarchical. For he had resuscitated the Lex Majestatis, a statute which in the old jurisprudence had carried the same name but covered a different type of offence â betrayal of an army; seditious incitement of the populace; any act, in short, of official maladministration diminishing the "majesty of the Roman nation." Deeds were challenged, words went immune. The first to take cognizance of written libel under the statute was Augustus; who was provoked to the step by the effrontery with which Cassius Severus had blackened the characters of men and women of repute in his scandalous effusions: then Tiberius, to an inquiry put by the praetor, Pompeius Macer, whether process should still be granted on this statute, replied that "the law ought to take its course." He, too, had been ruffled by verses of unknown authorship satirizing his cruelty, his arrogance, and his estrangement from his mother. 2.8. The fleet had now arrived. Supplies were sent forward, ships assigned to the legionaries and allies, and he entered the soâcalled Drusian Fosse. After a prayer to his father, beseeching him of his grace and indulgence to succour by the example and memory of his wisdom and prowess a son who had ventured in his footsteps, he pursued his voyage through the lakes and the high sea, and reached the Ems without misadventure. The fleet stayed in the mouth of the river on the left side, and an error was committed in not carrying the troops further upstream or disembarking them on the right bank for which they were bound; the consequence being that several days were wasted in bridge-building. The estuaries immediately adjoining were crossed intrepidly enough by the cavalry and legions, before the tide had begun to flow: the auxiliaries in the extreme rear and the Batavians in the same part of the line, while dashing into the water and exhibiting their powers of swimming, were thrown into disorder, and a number of them drowned. As the Caesar was arranging his encampment, news came of an Angrivarian rising in his rear: Stertinius, who was instantly despatched with a body of horse and light-armed infantry, repaid the treachery with fire and bloodshed. 2.9. The river Weser ran between the Roman and Cheruscan forces. Arminius came to the bank and halted with his fellow chieftains:â "Had the Caesar come?" he inquired. On receiving the reply that he was in presence, he asked to be allowed to speak with his brother. That brother, Flavus by name, was serving in the army, a conspicuous figure both from his loyalty and from the loss of an eye through a wound received some few years before during Tiberius' term of command. Leave was granted, <and Stertinius took him down to the river>. Walking forward, he was greeted by Arminius; who, dismissing his own escort, demanded that the archers posted along our side of the stream should be also withdrawn. When these had retired, he asked his brother, whence the disfigurement of his face? On being told the place and battle, he inquired what reward he had received. Flavus mentioned his increased pay, the chain, the crown, and other military decorations; Arminius scoffed at the cheap rewards of servitude. 4.6. It will be opportune, I take it, as this year brought the opening stages of deterioration in the principate of Tiberius, to review in addition the other departments of state and the methods by which they were administered up to that period. First, then, public affairs â together with private affairs of exceptional moment â were treated in the senate, and discussion was free to the leading members, their lapses into subserviency being checked by the sovereign himself. In conferring offices, he took into view the nobility of a candidate's ancestry, the distinction of his military service, or the brilliance of his civil attainments, and left it sufficiently clear that no better choice had been available. The consulate had its old prestige; so had the praetorship: the powers even of the minor magistracies were exercised; and the laws, apart from the process in cases of treason, were in proper force. On the other hand, the corn-tribute, the monies from indirect taxation, and other public revenues, were handled by companies of Roman knights. The imperial property was entrusted by Caesar to men of tested merit, at times to a personal stranger on the strength of his reputation; and his agents, once installed, were retained quite indefinitely, many growing grey in the service originally entered. The populace, it is true, was harassed by exorbitant food-prices, but in that point no blame attached to the emperor: he spared, indeed, neither expense nor pains in order to neutralize the effects of unfruitful soils or boisterous seas. He saw to it that the provinces were not disturbed by fresh impositions and that the incidence of the old was not aggravated by magisterial avarice or cruelty: corporal punishment and the forfeiture of estates were not in vogue. His demesnes in Italy were few, his establishment of slaves unassuming, his household limited to a small number of freedmen; and, in the event of a dispute between himself and a private citizen, the decision rested with a court of justice.

8. Tacitus, Histories, 1.1, 2.101 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

9. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 48.14.4 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

48.14.4. And the story goes that they did not merely suffer death in an ordinary form, but were led to the altar consecrated to the former Caesar and were there sacrificed â three hundred knights and many senators, among them Tiberius Cannutius, who previously during his tribuneship had assembled the populace for Caesar Octavianus.

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
acilius glabrio,m.,actium,battle of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
adjudication,adjudicating	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
ambiguity	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
annals (tacitus)	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
antonia minor	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
anxiety,artistic	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
asinius pollio,c.	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
auctoritas	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
augustan era,,as literary context	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
augustan era	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
augustus,and euergetism	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
augustus,artistic freedom suppressed by	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
augustus/octavian,censorship,use of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
augustus/octavian,maiestas and	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
augustus/octavian,memoirs of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
augustus/octavian	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
augustus	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102, 121
augustus (previously octavian),builds temple of mars,,relationship	Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 488
authors intention	DeMarco, (2021), Augustine and Porphyry: A Commentary on De ciuitate Dei 10, 6
caesar,,onduties (de officiis)	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
caligula (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
case	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
cassius dio	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
cassius severus	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
censorship,artistic suppression in augustan period	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
cicero	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
citizen	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
claudius (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
consensus,political	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
consilium (augustus' senatorial)"	Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 488
court	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
cremutius cordus	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
crime	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
diadem	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
dictator,dictatorship	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
dominus	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
domitian (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
economy,embedded	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
euergetism	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
executive power	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
fantham,elaine	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
formal powers	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
free speech	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
freedom,free speech	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
galba (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
galinsky,karl	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
gift economy,and patronage	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
governor	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
historiography,principate and	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
historiography,republic and	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
historiography,tacituss views of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
honour	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
imperium	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
iulia de senatu habendo,lex	Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 488
judge	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
julius caesar,c.,assassination of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
julius caesar,c.	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
julius caesar	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
labienus,ti.	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44, 45
law	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
liberality	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
life of augustus (suetonius)	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
little aeneid (ovid)	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
livia	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
lucian	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
magistrate	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
method	DeMarco, (2021), Augustine and Porphyry: A Commentary on De ciuitate Dei 10, 6
monarchy,transition from democracy (republic)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
monster	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
moral	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
mos maiorum	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
munatius sulla cerialis,m.,nero (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
narrative	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
nero,emperor,death	Galinsky (2016), Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 145
nero,emperor,posthumous impersonations	Galinsky (2016), Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 145
otho (m. salvius otho,roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
patronage,as gift economy	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
patronage,ideology of	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
petition,petitioner	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
plebs,people,relationship with,perusia,battle of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
polemic	DeMarco, (2021), Augustine and Porphyry: A Commentary on De ciuitate Dei 10, 6
power	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102, 121
princeps	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102, 121
principate,transition from republic	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
principate	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
proscription	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
province	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
republic,republican	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102, 121
republic,the,and political expenditure	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
rhetoric,of sacrifice	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
sallust	DeMarco, (2021), Augustine and Porphyry: A Commentary on De ciuitate Dei 10, 6
senate	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
seneca,on benefits (de beneficiis)	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
seneca the elder	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
seneca the elder (l. annaeus seneca)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44
seneca the younger	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
sovereign	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
status,monetary criteria of ordines	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
suetonius	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
symbolic capital\n	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
syme,ronald	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
tacitus,p. cornelius,accounts of false nero	Galinsky (2016), Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 145
tacitus	DeMarco, (2021), Augustine and Porphyry: A Commentary on De ciuitate Dei 10, 6; Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102, 121
tacitus (p. cornelius tacitus),government,analysis of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 44, 45
tacitus (p. cornelius tacitus),histories	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
tacitus (p. cornelius tacitus),partiality of	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
tacitus (p. cornelius tacitus)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
tiberius,,and senate abandons consilium	Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 488
tiberius	Johnson (2008), Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses, 14
tiberius (roman emperor),maiestas and	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
tiberius (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
titus (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
tradition,traditional'	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 121
tradition,traditional	Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 102
vespasian (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45
veyne,paul	Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 43
vitellius (roman emperor)	Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 45