Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

10514

Suetonius, Domitianus, 12.2

nan Estates of those in no way connected with him were confiscated, if but one man came forward to declare that he had heard from the deceased during his lifetime that Caesar was his heir. Besides other taxes, that on the Jews was levied with the utmost rigour, and those were prosecuted who without publicly acknowledging that faith yet lived as Jews, as well as those who concealed their origin and did not pay the tribute levied upon their people. I recall being present in my youth when the person of a man ninety years old was examined before the procurator and a very crowded court, to see whether he was circumcised.

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

11 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 20.8-20.11 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 20.8. זָכוֹר אֶת־יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת לְקַדְּשׁוֹ 20.9. שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תַּעֲבֹד וְעָשִׂיתָ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּךָ 20.11. כִּי שֵׁשֶׁת־יָמִים עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּם וַיָּנַח בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי עַל־כֵּן בֵּרַךְ יְהוָה אֶת־יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת וַיְקַדְּשֵׁהוּ׃ 20.8. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy." 20.9. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work;" 20.10. but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the LORD thy God, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates;" 20.11. for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh day; wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it."
2. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 2.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 2.2. וַיְכַל אֱלֹהִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃ 2.2. וַיִּקְרָא הָאָדָם שֵׁמוֹת לְכָל־הַבְּהֵמָה וּלְעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּלְכֹל חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה וּלְאָדָם לֹא־מָצָא עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ׃ 2.2. And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made."
3. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 2.41 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) 2.41. So they made this decision that day: "Let us fight against every man who comes to attack us on the sabbath day; let us not all die as our brethren died in their hiding places.
4. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 1.8-1.9, 12.138-12.144 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 1.8. However, some persons there were who desired to know our history, and so exhorted me to go on with it; and, above all the rest, Epaphroditus, a man who is a lover of all kind of learning, but is principally delighted with the knowledge of history, and this on account of his having been himself concerned in great affairs, and many turns of fortune, and having shown a wonderful vigor of an excellent nature, and an immovable virtuous resolution in them all. 1.8. 3. This calamity happened in the six hundredth year of Noah’s government, [age,] in the second month, called by the Macedonians Dius, but by the Hebrews Marchesuan: for so did they order their year in Egypt. 1.9. I yielded to this man’s persuasions, who always excites such as have abilities in what is useful and acceptable, to join their endeavors with his. I was also ashamed myself to permit any laziness of disposition to have a greater influence upon me than the delight of taking pains in such studies as were very useful: I thereupon stirred up myself, and went on with my work more cheerfully. Besides the foregoing motives, I had others which I greatly reflected on; and these were, that our forefathers were willing to communicate such things to others; and that some of the Greeks took considerable pains to know the affairs of our nation. 1.9. When the rain ceased, the water did but just begin to abate after one hundred and fifty days; that is, on the seventeenth day of the seventh month, it then ceasing to subside for a little while. After this, the ark rested on the top of a certain mountain in Armenia; which, when Noah understood, he opened it; and seeing a small piece of land about it, he continued quiet, and conceived some cheerful hopes of deliverance. 12.138. “King Antiochus To Ptolemy, Sendeth Greeting. /p“Since the Jews, upon our first entrance on their country, demonstrated their friendship towards us, and when we came to their city [Jerusalem], received us in a splendid manner, and came to meet us with their senate, and gave abundance of provisions to our soldiers, and to the elephants, and joined with us in ejecting the garrison of the Egyptians that were in the citadel 12.139. we have thought fit to reward them, and to retrieve the condition of their city, which hath been greatly depopulated by such accidents as have befallen its inhabitants, and to bring those that have been scattered abroad back to the city. 12.141. And these payments I would have fully paid them, as I have sent orders to you. I would also have the work about the temple finished, and the cloisters, and if there be any thing else that ought to be rebuilt. And for the materials of wood, let it be brought them out of Judea itself and out of the other countries, and out of Libanus tax free; and the same I would have observed as to those other materials which will be necessary, in order to render the temple more glorious; 12.142. and let all of that nation live according to the laws of their own country; and let the senate, and the priests, and the scribes of the temple, and the sacred singers, be discharged from poll-money and the crown tax and other taxes also. 12.143. And that the city may the sooner recover its inhabitants, I grant a discharge from taxes for three years to its present inhabitants, and to such as shall come to it, until the month Hyperberetus. 12.144. We also discharge them for the future from a third part of their taxes, that the losses they have sustained may be repaired. And all those citizens that have been carried away, and are become slaves, we grant them and their children their freedom, and give order that their substance be restored to them.”
5. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 2.490-2.497, 7.218 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.491. but when their adversaries saw them, they immediately cried out, and called them their enemies, and said they came as spies upon them; upon which they rushed out, and laid violent hands upon them; and as for the rest, they were slain as they ran away; but there were three men whom they caught, and hauled them along, in order to have them burnt alive; 2.492. but all the Jews came in a body to defend them, who at first threw stones at the Grecians, but after that they took lamps, and rushed with violence into the theater, and threatened that they would burn the people to a man; and this they had soon done, unless Tiberius Alexander, the governor of the city, had restrained their passions. 2.493. However, this man did not begin to teach them wisdom by arms, but sent among them privately some of the principal men, and thereby entreated them to be quiet, and not provoke the Roman army against them; but the seditious made a jest of the entreaties of Tiberius, and reproached him for so doing. 2.494. 8. Now when he perceived that those who were for innovations would not be pacified till some great calamity should overtake them, he sent out upon them those two Roman legions that were in the city, and together with them five thousand other soldiers, who, by chance, were come together out of Libya, to the ruin of the Jews. They were also permitted not only to kill them, but to plunder them of what they had, and to set fire to their houses. 2.495. These soldiers rushed violently into that part of the city which was called Delta, where the Jewish people lived together, and did as they were bidden, though not without bloodshed on their own side also; for the Jews got together, and set those that were the best armed among them in the forefront, and made a resistance for a great while; but when once they gave back, they were destroyed unmercifully; 2.496. and this their destruction was complete, some being caught in the open field, and others forced into their houses, which houses were first plundered of what was in them, and then set on fire by the Romans; wherein no mercy was shown to the infants, and no regard had to the aged; but they went on in the slaughter of persons of every age 2.497. till all the place was overflowed with blood, and fifty thousand of them lay dead upon heaps; nor had the remainder been preserved, had they not betaken themselves to supplication. So Alexander commiserated their condition, and gave orders to the Romans to retire; 7.218. He also laid a tribute upon the Jews wheresoever they were, and enjoined every one of them to bring two drachmae every year into the Capitol, as they used to pay the same to the temple at Jerusalem. And this was the state of the Jewish affairs at this time.
6. Juvenal, Satires, 14.96-14.102 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
7. New Testament, Acts, 11.2, 11.27-11.30, 15.5, 21.16-21.26, 24.17 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 11.2. When Peter had come up to Jerusalem, those who were of the circumcision contended with him 11.27. Now in these days, prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch. 11.28. One of them named Agabus stood up, and indicated by the Spirit that there should be a great famine over all the world, which also happened in the days of Claudius. 11.29. The disciples, as anyone had plenty, each determined to send relief to the brothers who lived in Judea; 11.30. which they also did, sending it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul. 15.5. But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them, and to charge them to keep the law of Moses. 21.16. Some of the disciples from Caesarea also went with us, bringing one Mnason of Cyprus, an early disciple, with whom we would stay. 21.17. When we had come to Jerusalem, the brothers received us gladly. 21.18. The day following, Paul went in with us to James; and all the elders were present. 21.19. When he had greeted them, he reported one by one the things which God had worked among the Gentiles through his ministry. 21.20. They, when they heard it, glorified God. They said to him, "You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed, and they are all zealous for the law. 21.21. They have been informed about you, that you teach all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children neither to walk after the customs. 21.22. What then? The assembly must certainly meet, for they will hear that you have come. 21.23. Therefore do what we tell you. We have four men who have a vow on them. 21.24. Take them, and purify yourself with them, and pay their expenses for them, that they may shave their heads. Then all will know that there is no truth in the things that they have been informed about you, but that you yourself also walk keeping the law. 21.25. But concerning the Gentiles who believe, we have written our decision that they should observe no such thing, except that they should keep themselves from food offered to idols, from blood, from strangled things, and from sexual immorality. 21.26. Then Paul took the men, and the next day, purified himself and went with them into the temple, declaring the fulfillment of the days of purification, until the offering was offered for every one of them. 24.17. Now after some years, I came to bring gifts to the needy to my nation, and offerings;
8. New Testament, Galatians, 2.1-2.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.1. Then after a period of fourteen years I went up again toJerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus also with me. 2.2. I went up byrevelation, and I laid before them the gospel which I preach among theGentiles, but privately before those who were respected, for fear thatI might be running, or had run, in vain. 2.3. But not even Titus, whowas with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised. 2.4. Thiswas because of the false brothers secretly brought in, who stole in tospy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they mightbring us into bondage; 2.5. to whom we gave no place in the way ofsubjection, not for an hour, that the truth of the gospel mightcontinue with you. 2.6. But from those who were reputed to beimportant (whatever they were, it makes no difference to me; Goddoesn't show partiality to man) -- they, I say, who were respectedimparted nothing to me 2.7. but to the contrary, when they saw that Ihad been entrusted with the gospel for the uncircumcision, even asPeter with the gospel for the circumcision 2.8. (for he who appointedPeter to the apostleship of the circumcision appointed me also to theGentiles); 2.9. and when they perceived the grace that was given tome, James and Cephas and John, they who were reputed to be pillars,gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should goto the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision. 2.10. They only askedus to remember the poor -- which very thing I was also zealous to do.
9. Tacitus, Histories, 5.5.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
10. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 65.7.2, 66.7.2, 67.14.1-67.14.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) 67.14.1.  At this time the road leading from Sinuessa to Puteoli was paved with stone. And the same year Domitian slew, along with many others, Flavius Clemens the consul, although he was a cousin and had to wife Flavia Domitilla, who was also a relative of the emperor's. 67.14.2.  The charge brought against them both was that of atheism, a charge on which many others who drifted into Jewish ways were condemned. Some of these were put to death, and the rest were at least deprived of their property. 67.14.3.  Domitilla was merely banished to Pandateria. But Glabrio, who had been Trajan's colleague in the consulship, was put to death, having been accused of the same crimes as most of the others, and, in particular, of fighting as a gladiator with wild beasts. Indeed, his prowess in the arena was the chief cause of the emperor's anger against him, an anger prompted by jealousy. For in Glabrio's consulship Domitian had summoned him to his Alban estate to attend the festival called the Juvenalia and had imposed on him the task of killing a large lion; and Glabrio not only had escaped all injury but had despatched the lion with most accurate aim.
11. Epigraphy, Cil, 6.8604

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
(on the jews)	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 237
aelia capitolina	Cohn (2013), The Memory of the Temple and the Making of the Rabbis, 187
alexandria	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77; van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
alexandrian amphitheater	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
anti-semitism	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 188
antioch,syrian	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
antioch (syrian)	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
antiochene	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
antiochus iii	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
antiochus the apostate	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 186
apostle	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
arsinoite nome	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
ass worship	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 23
atheism,accusations of	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 188
audience,overview of sources	Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 10
audience	Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 10
barnabas	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
christianity,conversion to	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 188
circumcision	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 23; van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
citizenship	Goodman (2006), Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays, 27
conversion,conversion/adherence in josephus	Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 207
conversion,juvenal on	Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 207
conversion,tacitus on	Cohen (2010), The Significance of Yavneh and other Essays in Jewish Hellenism, 207
cult,official	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 188
diaspora judaism,pogroms	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
domitian,and date and audience of josephus works	Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 10
domitian	Goodman (2006), Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays, 27; Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318; Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
egypt	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
egyptians,and jews in the papyri	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
egyptians	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
eliav,yaron,on hadrian	Cohn (2013), The Memory of the Temple and the Making of the Rabbis, 187
ethnic boundary making model,ethnic cleansing	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
ethnic boundary making model,rioting	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
ethnic boundary making model,terror	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
fiscus iudaicus	Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 10; Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
fiscus judaicus,jewish tax	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
fiscus judaicus	Goodman (2006), Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays, 27; Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 186, 188
gentile christians / gentile churches	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
god-fearers,and civic authorities	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 188
greeks	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
hellenists (jewish fraction)	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 23
identity	Goodman (2006), Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays, 27
identity marker / boundary marker	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 23
iudaeus / iudaicus	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 237
jerusalem,temple in	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 186
jerusalem church	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
jewish identity,greco-roman antipathy towards	Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 10
jewish identity,greco-roman attraction to	Edwards (2023), In the Court of the Gentiles: Narrative, Exemplarity, and Scriptural Adaptation in the Court-Tales of Flavius Josephus, 10
jewish war,captives from	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
josephus,on diaspora judaism	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
josephus,on jewish captives	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
judaea	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
judaea (roman province; see also yehud)	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
judaean/jewish,identity	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
judaean/jewish,tax	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
judaean/jewish	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
judaism	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
judea	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 237
jupiter temple (jerusalem)	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
latin literature (on the jews)	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 237
luke	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
martial	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
names (as ethnic-religious markers)	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
nero	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
ostraca arabic,greek	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
papyri,as evidence for jews in egypt	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
papyri,demotic	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
papyri,greek	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
paul (saul)	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
petronius	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 237
poor,the	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
proselytes	Goodman (2006), Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays, 27
religion	Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 237
roman empire	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
rome	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
sabbath	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156; Witter et al. (2021), Torah, Temple, Land: Constructions of Judaism in Antiquity, 23
suetonius	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156; Goodman (2006), Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays, 27; Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
synagogue	van Maaren (2022), The Boundaries of Jewishness in the Southern Levant 200 BCE–132 CE, 33
synagogues	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
tebtynis (= tebtunis),jews in	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
temple,in jerusalem	Zetterholm (2003), The Formation of Christianity in Antioch: A Social-Scientific Approach to the Separation Between Judaism and Christianity. 186
tiberius julius alexander	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
titus	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
titus (emperor)	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318
torah,in josephus	Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 77
torah	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156
vespasian'	Goodman (2006), Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays, 27
vespasian	Salvesen et al. (2020), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period, 318; Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 477
violence,cultural (symbolic)	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 156