1. Septuagint, Tobit, 1.7, 2.10 (10th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 1.7. of all my produce I would give a tenth to the sons of Levi who ministered at Jerusalem; a second tenth I would sell, and I would go and spend the proceeds each year at Jerusalem; 2.10. I did not know that there were sparrows on the wall and their fresh droppings fell into my open eyes and white films formed on my eyes. I went to physicians, but they did not help me. Ahikar, however, took care of me until he went to Elymais. |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 7.14-7.15, 28.21-28.22, 28.28, 28.35 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 7.14. בָּרוּךְ תִּהְיֶה מִכָּל־הָעַמִּים לֹא־יִהְיֶה בְךָ עָקָר וַעֲקָרָה וּבִבְהֶמְתֶּךָ׃ 7.15. וְהֵסִיר יְהוָה מִמְּךָ כָּל־חֹלִי וְכָל־מַדְוֵי מִצְרַיִם הָרָעִים אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ לֹא יְשִׂימָם בָּךְ וּנְתָנָם בְּכָל־שֹׂנְאֶיךָ׃ 28.21. יַדְבֵּק יְהוָה בְּךָ אֶת־הַדָּבֶר עַד כַּלֹּתוֹ אֹתְךָ מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃ 28.22. יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בַּשַּׁחֶפֶת וּבַקַּדַּחַת וּבַדַּלֶּקֶת וּבַחַרְחֻר וּבַחֶרֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפוֹן וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן וּרְדָפוּךָ עַד אָבְדֶךָ׃ 28.28. יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בְּשִׁגָּעוֹן וּבְעִוָּרוֹן וּבְתִמְהוֹן לֵבָב׃ 28.35. יַכְּכָה יְהוָה בִּשְׁחִין רָע עַל־הַבִּרְכַּיִם וְעַל־הַשֹּׁקַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תוּכַל לְהֵרָפֵא מִכַּף רַגְלְךָ וְעַד קָדְקֳדֶךָ׃ | 7.14. Thou shalt be blessed above all peoples; there shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your cattle." 7.15. And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness; and He will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee, but will lay them upon all them that hate thee." 28.21. The LORD will make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until He have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest in to possess it." 28.22. The LORD will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with drought, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish." 28.28. The LORD will smite thee with madness, and with blindness, and with astonishment of heart." 28.35. The LORD will smite thee in the knees, and in the legs, with a sore boil, whereof thou canst not be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the crown of thy head." |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Esther, 1.1-1.8, 1.10, 1.12-1.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 1.1. בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי כְּטוֹב לֵב־הַמֶּלֶךְ בַּיָּיִן אָמַר לִמְהוּמָן בִּזְּתָא חַרְבוֹנָא בִּגְתָא וַאֲבַגְתָא זֵתַר וְכַרְכַּס שִׁבְעַת הַסָּרִיסִים הַמְשָׁרְתִים אֶת־פְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ׃ 1.1. וַיְהִי בִּימֵי אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ הוּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ הַמֹּלֵךְ מֵהֹדּוּ וְעַד־כּוּשׁ שֶׁבַע וְעֶשְׂרִים וּמֵאָה מְדִינָה׃ 1.2. וְנִשְׁמַע פִּתְגָם הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה בְּכָל־מַלְכוּתוֹ כִּי רַבָּה הִיא וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁים יִתְּנוּ יְקָר לְבַעְלֵיהֶן לְמִגָּדוֹל וְעַד־קָטָן׃ 1.2. בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם כְּשֶׁבֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ עַל כִּסֵּא מַלְכוּתוֹ אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה׃ 1.3. בִּשְׁנַת שָׁלוֹשׁ לְמָלְכוֹ עָשָׂה מִשְׁתֶּה לְכָל־שָׂרָיו וַעֲבָדָיו חֵיל פָּרַס וּמָדַי הַפַּרְתְּמִים וְשָׂרֵי הַמְּדִינוֹת לְפָנָיו׃ 1.4. בְּהַרְאֹתוֹ אֶת־עֹשֶׁר כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ וְאֶת־יְקָר תִּפְאֶרֶת גְּדוּלָּתוֹ יָמִים רַבִּים שְׁמוֹנִים וּמְאַת יוֹם׃ 1.5. וּבִמְלוֹאת הַיָּמִים הָאֵלֶּה עָשָׂה הַמֶּלֶךְ לְכָל־הָעָם הַנִּמְצְאִים בְּשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה לְמִגָּדוֹל וְעַד־קָטָן מִשְׁתֶּה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים בַּחֲצַר גִּנַּת בִּיתַן הַמֶּלֶךְ׃ 1.6. חוּר כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת אָחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי־בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן עַל־גְּלִילֵי כֶסֶף וְעַמּוּדֵי שֵׁשׁ מִטּוֹת זָהָב וָכֶסֶף עַל רִצְפַת בַּהַט־וָשֵׁשׁ וְדַר וְסֹחָרֶת׃ 1.7. וְהַשְׁקוֹת בִּכְלֵי זָהָב וְכֵלִים מִכֵּלִים שׁוֹנִים וְיֵין מַלְכוּת רָב כְּיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ׃ 1.8. וְהַשְּׁתִיָּה כַדָּת אֵין אֹנֵס כִּי־כֵן יִסַּד הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת כִּרְצוֹן אִישׁ־וָאִישׁ׃ 1.12. וַתְּמָאֵן הַמַּלְכָּה וַשְׁתִּי לָבוֹא בִּדְבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר בְּיַד הַסָּרִיסִים וַיִּקְצֹף הַמֶּלֶךְ מְאֹד וַחֲמָתוֹ בָּעֲרָה בוֹ׃ 1.13. וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לַחֲכָמִים יֹדְעֵי הָעִתִּים כִּי־כֵן דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ לִפְנֵי כָּל־יֹדְעֵי דָּת וָדִין׃ | 1.1. NOW IT came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus—this is Ahasuerus who reigned, from India to Ethiopia, over a hundred and seven and twenty provinces—" 1.2. that in those days, when the king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Shushan the castle," 1.3. in the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the army of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him;" 1.4. when he showed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the honour of his excellent majesty, many days, even a hundred and fourscore days." 1.5. And when these days were fulfilled, the king made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the castle, both great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace;" 1.6. there were hangings of white, fine cotton, and blue, bordered with cords of fine linen and purple, upon silver rods and pillars of marble; the couches were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of green, and white, and shell, and onyx marble." 1.7. And they gave them drink in vessels of gold—the vessels being diverse one from another—and royal wine in abundance, according to the bounty of the king." 1.8. And the drinking was according to the law; none did compel; for so the king had appointed to all the officers of his house, that they should do according to every man’s pleasure." 1.10. On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Bizzetha, Harbona, Bigtha, and Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas, the seven chamberlains that ministered in the presence of Ahasuerus the king," 1.12. But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king’s commandment by the chamberlains; therefore was the king very wroth, and his anger burned in him." 1.13. Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times—for so was the king’s manner toward all that knew law and judgment;" |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 15.26 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 15.26. וַיֹּאמֶר אִם־שָׁמוֹעַ תִּשְׁמַע לְקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְהַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינָיו תַּעֲשֶׂה וְהַאֲזַנְתָּ לְמִצְוֺתָיו וְשָׁמַרְתָּ כָּל־חֻקָּיו כָּל־הַמַּחֲלָה אֲשֶׁר־שַׂמְתִּי בְמִצְרַיִם לֹא־אָשִׂים עָלֶיךָ כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה רֹפְאֶךָ׃ | 15.26. and He said: ‘If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in His eyes, and wilt give ear to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, I will put none of the diseases upon thee, which I have put upon the Egyptians; for I am the LORD that healeth thee.’" |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 12.1-12.15 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 12.1. וְהֶעָנָן סָר מֵעַל הָאֹהֶל וְהִנֵּה מִרְיָם מְצֹרַעַת כַּשָּׁלֶג וַיִּפֶן אַהֲרֹן אֶל־מִרְיָם וְהִנֵּה מְצֹרָעַת׃ 12.1. וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם וְאַהֲרֹן בְּמֹשֶׁה עַל־אֹדוֹת הָאִשָּׁה הַכֻּשִׁית אֲשֶׁר לָקָח כִּי־אִשָּׁה כֻשִׁית לָקָח׃ 12.2. וַיֹּאמְרוּ הֲרַק אַךְ־בְּמֹשֶׁה דִּבֶּר יְהוָה הֲלֹא גַּם־בָּנוּ דִבֵּר וַיִּשְׁמַע יְהוָה׃ 12.3. וְהָאִישׁ מֹשֶׁה ענו [עָנָיו] מְאֹד מִכֹּל הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה׃ 12.4. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה פִּתְאֹם אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶל־מִרְיָם צְאוּ שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶם אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וַיֵּצְאוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּם׃ 12.5. וַיֵּרֶד יְהוָה בְּעַמּוּד עָנָן וַיַּעֲמֹד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וַיִּקְרָא אַהֲרֹן וּמִרְיָם וַיֵּצְאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם׃ 12.6. וַיֹּאמֶר שִׁמְעוּ־נָא דְבָרָי אִם־יִהְיֶה נְבִיאֲכֶם יְהוָה בַּמַּרְאָה אֵלָיו אֶתְוַדָּע בַּחֲלוֹם אֲדַבֶּר־בּוֹ׃ 12.7. לֹא־כֵן עַבְדִּי מֹשֶׁה בְּכָל־בֵּיתִי נֶאֱמָן הוּא׃ 12.8. פֶּה אֶל־פֶּה אֲדַבֶּר־בּוֹ וּמַרְאֶה וְלֹא בְחִידֹת וּתְמֻנַת יְהוָה יַבִּיט וּמַדּוּעַ לֹא יְרֵאתֶם לְדַבֵּר בְּעַבְדִּי בְמֹשֶׁה׃ 12.9. וַיִּחַר אַף יְהוָה בָּם וַיֵּלַךְ׃ 12.11. וַיֹּאמֶר אַהֲרֹן אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בִּי אֲדֹנִי אַל־נָא תָשֵׁת עָלֵינוּ חַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר נוֹאַלְנוּ וַאֲשֶׁר חָטָאנוּ׃ 12.12. אַל־נָא תְהִי כַּמֵּת אֲשֶׁר בְּצֵאתוֹ מֵרֶחֶם אִמּוֹ וַיֵּאָכֵל חֲצִי בְשָׂרוֹ׃ 12.13. וַיִּצְעַק מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהוָה לֵאמֹר אֵל נָא רְפָא נָא לָהּ׃ 12.14. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאָבִיהָ יָרֹק יָרַק בְּפָנֶיהָ הֲלֹא תִכָּלֵם שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תִּסָּגֵר שִׁבְעַת יָמִים מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה וְאַחַר תֵּאָסֵף׃ 12.15. וַתִּסָּגֵר מִרְיָם מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וְהָעָם לֹא נָסַע עַד־הֵאָסֵף מִרְיָם׃ | 12.1. And Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he had married; for he had married a Cushite woman." 12.2. And they said: ‘Hath the LORD indeed spoken only with Moses? hath He not spoken also with us?’ And the LORD heard it.—" 12.3. Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men that were upon the face of the earth.—" 12.4. And the LORD spoke suddenly unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam: ‘Come out ye three unto the tent of meeting.’ And they three came out." 12.5. And the LORD came down in a pillar of cloud, and stood at the door of the Tent, and called Aaron and Miriam; and they both came forth." 12.6. And He said: ‘Hear now My words: if there be a prophet among you, I the LORD do make Myself known unto him in a vision, I do speak with him in a dream." 12.7. My servant Moses is not so; he is trusted in all My house;" 12.8. with him do I speak mouth to mouth, even manifestly, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD doth he behold; wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses?’" 12.9. And the anger of the LORD was kindled against them; and He departed." 12.10. And when the cloud was removed from over the Tent, behold, Miriam was leprous, as white as snow; and Aaron looked upon Miriam; and, behold, she was leprous." 12.11. And Aaron said unto Moses: ‘Oh my lord, lay not, I pray thee, sin upon us, for that we have done foolishly, and for that we have sinned." 12.12. Let her not, I pray, be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed when he cometh out of his mother’s womb.’" 12.13. And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying: ‘Heal her now, O God, I beseech Thee.’" 12.14. And the LORD said unto Moses: ‘If her father had but spit in her face, should she not hide in shame seven days? let her be shut up without the camp seven days, and after that she shall be brought in again.’" 12.15. And Miriam was shut up without the camp seven days; and the people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again." |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 4.21, 21.4, 23.33 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 4.21. אַל־יַלִּיזוּ מֵעֵינֶיךָ שָׁמְרֵם בְּתוֹךְ לְבָבֶךָ׃ 21.4. רוּם־עֵינַיִם וּרְחַב־לֵב נִר רְשָׁעִים חַטָּאת׃ 23.33. עֵינֶיךָ יִרְאוּ זָרוֹת וְלִבְּךָ יְדַבֵּר תַּהְפֻּכוֹת׃ | 4.21. Let them not depart from thine eyes; Keep them in the midst of thy heart." 21.4. A haughty look, and a proud heart— The tillage of the wicked is sin." 23.33. Thine eyes shall behold strange things, and thy heart shall utter confused things." |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 33.24 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 33.24. וּבַל־יֹאמַר שָׁכֵן חָלִיתִי הָעָם הַיֹּשֵׁב בָּהּ נְשֻׂא עָוֺן׃ | 33.24. And the inhabitant shall not say: ‘I am sick’; The people that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity." |
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8. Hebrew Bible, 2 Chronicles, 26.16, 26.21 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 26.16. וּכְחֶזְקָתוֹ גָּבַהּ לִבּוֹ עַד־לְהַשְׁחִית וַיִּמְעַל בַּיהוָה אֱלֹהָיו וַיָּבֹא אֶל־הֵיכַל יְהוָה לְהַקְטִיר עַל־מִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת׃ 26.21. וַיְהִי עֻזִּיָּהוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ מְצֹרָע עַד־יוֹם מוֹתוֹ וַיֵּשֶׁב בֵּית החפשות [הַחָפְשִׁית] מְצֹרָע כִּי נִגְזַר מִבֵּית יְהוָה וְיוֹתָם בְּנוֹ עַל־בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁוֹפֵט אֶת־עַם הָאָרֶץ׃ | 26.16. But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up so that he did corruptly, and he trespassed against the LORD his God; for he went into the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense." 26.21. And Uzziah the king was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a house set apart, being a leper; for he was cut off from the house of the LORD; and Jotham his son was over the king’s house, judging the people of the land." |
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9. Hebrew Bible, Ezra, 2.17 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 2.17. בְּנֵי בֵצָי שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה׃ | 2.17. The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and three." |
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10. Septuagint, Tobit, 1.7, 2.10 (4th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 1.7. of all my produce I would give a tenth to the sons of Levi who ministered at Jerusalem; a second tenth I would sell, and I would go and spend the proceeds each year at Jerusalem; 2.10. I did not know that there were sparrows on the wall and their fresh droppings fell into my open eyes and white films formed on my eyes. I went to physicians, but they did not help me. Ahikar, however, took care of me until he went to Elymais. |
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11. Anon., 1 Enoch, 7.1-7.2 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 7.1. And all the others together with them took unto themselves wives, and each chose for himself one, and they began to go in unto them and to defile themselves with them, and they taught them charm 7.2. and enchantments, and the cutting of roots, and made them acquainted with plants. And they |
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12. Anon., Jubilees, 10.10-10.13 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 10.10. And the Lord our God bade us to bind all. 10.11. And the chief of the spirits, Mastêmâ, came and said: "Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me, and let them hearken to my voice, and do all that I shall say unto them; 10.12. for if some of them are not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; 10.13. for these are for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of men. |
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13. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q418, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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14. Dead Sea Scrolls, 11Qpsa, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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15. Dead Sea Scrolls, Ben Sira, 14.20-15.10, 38.4, 38.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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16. Dead Sea Scrolls, Compositions 11Q5, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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17. Dead Sea Scrolls, Instructionb, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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18. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 14.3, 14.20-15.10, 22.19, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, 24.6, 24.7, 24.8, 24.9, 24.10, 24.11, 24.12, 24.13, 24.14, 24.15, 24.16, 24.17, 24.18, 24.19, 24.20, 24.21, 24.22, 24.23, 24.24, 24.25, 24.26, 24.27, 24.28, 24.29, 24.30, 24.31, 24.32, 24.33, 24.34, 25.23, 26.5, 26.6, 33.25, 33.26, 33.27, 33.31, 34.1, 34.2, 34.3, 34.4, 34.5, 34.6, 34.7, 34.8, 34.9, 34.10, 34.11, 34.12, 34.13, 34.14, 34.15, 34.16, 34.17, 34.18, 34.20, 36.1, 36.2, 36.3, 36.4, 36.5, 36.6, 36.7, 36.8, 36.9, 36.10, 36.11, 36.12, 36.13, 36.14, 36.15, 36.16, 36.17, 36.18, 36.19, 36.20, 36.21, 36.22, 37.4, 37.7, 37.8, 37.11, 37.16, 37.18, 37.20, 37.21, 37.22, 37.23, 37.24, 37.27, 37.28, 37.29, 37.30, 37.31, 38.1, 38.2, 38.4, 38.5, 38.6, 38.7, 38.8, 38.9, 38.10, 38.11, 38.12, 38.13, 38.14, 38.15, 38.16, 38.17, 38.18, 38.19, 38.20, 38.21, 38.22, 38.23, 38.24-39.11, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 41.4, 41.5, 41.6, 41.7, 41.8, 41.9, 41.10, 41.11, 41.12, 41.13, 41.14, 41.15, 43.13, 43.18, 44, 45, 45.6, 45.7, 45.8, 45.9, 45.10, 45.11, 45.12, 45.13, 45.14, 45.15, 45.16, 45.17, 45.18, 45.19, 45.20, 45.21, 45.22, 45.23, 45.24, 45.25, 45.26, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51.1, 51.2, 51.3, 51.4, 51.5, 51.6, 51.7, 51.8, 51.9, 51.10, 51.11, 51.12, 51.14, 51.23, 51.24, 51.25, 51.26, 51.27, 51.28, 51.29, 51.30 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 10.1. A wise magistrate will educate his people,and the rule of an understanding man will be well ordered. 10.1. A long illness baffles the physician;the king of today will die tomorrow. 10.1. The wisdom of a humble man will lift up his head,and will seat him among the great. 10.1. My son, do not busy yourself with many matters;if you multiply activities you will not go unpunished,and if you pursue you will not overtake,and by fleeing you will not escape. |
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19. Septuagint, Judith, 11.17, 16.17 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE)
| 11.17. For your servant is religious, and serves the God of heaven day and night; therefore, my lord, I will remain with you, and every night your servant will go out into the valley, and I will pray to God and he will tell me when they have committed their sins. 16.17. Woe to the nations that rise up against my people! The Lord Almighty will take vengeance on them in the day of judgment; fire and worms he will give to their flesh; they shall weep in pain for ever. |
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20. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 16.12, 38.9, 38.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 16.12. For neither herb nor poultice cured them,but it was thy word, O Lord, which heals all men. |
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21. Philo of Alexandria, On The Preliminary Studies, 105 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 105. Therefore men in general have paid honours to these nine portions, and to the world which is compounded of them. But the perfect man honours only that being who is above the nine, and who is their creator, being the tenth portion, namely God. For having examined into the whole of his works, he has felt a love for the creator of them, and he has become anxious to be his suppliant and servant. On this account the priest offers up a tenth every day to the tenth, the only and everlasting God. |
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22. Philo of Alexandria, On Drunkenness, 69, 87, 210 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 210. Now there are three companions of and servants of the intemperate and incontinent soul, the chief baker, the chief cook, and the chief butler, whom the admirable Moses mentions in these words, "And Pharaoh was angry with the two eunuchs, with the chief butler, and with the chief baker, and he put them in prison with the chief cook;" and the chief cook is eunuch; for he says in another place, "And Joseph was brought down to Egypt, and a eunuch became his master, Pharaoh's chief Cook |
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23. Philo of Alexandria, On Flight And Finding, 91 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 91. For by the following means alone can that which is most excellent within us become adapted for and inclined to the service of him who is the most excellent of all existing beings. In the first place, if a man be resolved into soul, the body, which is akin to it as a brother, being separated and cut off from it, and also all its insatiable desires; and in the second place when the soul has, as I have already said, cast off the irrational part, which is the neighbour of the rational part; for this, like a torrent, being divided into five channels, excites the impetuosity of the passions through all the external senses, as so many aqueducts. |
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24. Philo of Alexandria, On The Migration of Abraham, 124 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 124. Let us therefore pray that the mind may be in the soul like a pillar in a house, and, in like manner, that the just man may be firmly established in the human race for the relief of all diseases; for while he is in vigorous health, one must not abandon all hope of complete safety, as through the medium of him, I imagine God the Saviour extending his all-healing medicine, that is to say, his propitious and merciful power to his suppliants and worshippers, bids them employ it for the salvation of those who are sick; spreading it like a salve over the wounds of the soul, which folly, and injustice, and all the other multitude of vices, being sharpened up, have grievously inflicted upon it. |
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25. Philo of Alexandria, On Planting, 60 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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26. Philo of Alexandria, On The Sacrifices of Cain And Abel, 127 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 127. In this way he also says, "The cities of the Levites are ransomed for ever, because the minister of God enjoys eternal freedom, according to the continuous revolutions of the ever-moving soul," and he admits incessant healing applications; for when he calls them ransomed, not once, but for ever, as he says, he means to convey such a meaning as this, that they are always in a state of revolution, and always in a state of freedom, the state of revolution being implanted in them because of their natural mortality, but their freedom coming to them because of their ministration to God. XXXVIII. |
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27. Philo of Alexandria, On The Virtues, 186, 185 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 185. It is a very beautiful exchange and recompense for this choice on the part of man thus displaying anxiety to serve God, when God thus without any delay takes the suppliant to himself as his own, and goes forth to meet the intentions of the man who, in a genuine and sincere spirit of piety and truth, hastens to do him service. But the true servant and suppliant of God, even if by himself he be reckoned and classed as a man, still in power, as has been said in another place, is the whole people, inasmuch as he is equal in value to a whole people. And this is naturally the case in other matters also; |
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28. Philo of Alexandria, On The Embassy To Gaius, 97 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 97. Very often, also, he would clothe himself with a breastplate, and march forth sword in hand, with a helmet on his head and a shield on his left arm, calling himself Mars, and on each side of him there marched with him the attendants of this new and unknown Mars, a troop of murderers and executioners who had already performed him all kinds of wicked services when he was raging and thirsting for human blood; |
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29. Philo of Alexandria, Plant., 60 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 60. For, behold, here again, he uses the expression, "the portion and inheritance of God," meaning that disposition which is capable of seeing him, and which sincerely worships him; and he says that the children of the earth, whom he calls the sons of Adam, were scattered and dispersed, and brought together again, and that a company was formed of them, since they were unable to use right reason as their guide. For, in real truth, virtue is the cause of harmony and unity, and the opposite disposition is the cause of dissolution and disagreement. |
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30. New Testament, Mark, 2.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.5. Jesus, seeing their faith, said to the paralytic, "Son, your sins are forgiven you. |
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31. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 11a. כ"ו דכתיב (בראשית יד, ד) שתים עשרה שנה עבדו את כדרלעומר ושלש עשרה שנה מרדו ובארבע עשרה שנה וגו':,ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב כל עיר שגגותיה גבוהין מבית הכנסת לסוף חרבה שנאמר (עזרא ט, ט) לרומם את בית אלהינו ולהעמיד את חרבותיו וה"מ בבתים אבל בקשקושי ואברורי לית לן בה אמר רב אשי אנא עבדי למתא מחסיא דלא חרבה והא חרבה מאותו עון לא חרבה:,ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב תחת ישמעאל ולא תחת נכרי תחת נכרי ולא תחת חבר תחת חבר ולא תחת תלמיד חכם תחת ת"ח ולא תחת יתום ואלמנה:,ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב כל חולי ולא חולי מעים כל כאב ולא כאב לב כל מיחוש ולא מיחוש ראש כל רעה ולא אשה רעה:,ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב אם יהיו כל הימים דיו ואגמים קולמוסים ושמים יריעות וכל בני אדם לבלרין אין מספיקים לכתוב חללה של רשות מאי קראה אמר רב משרשיא (משלי כה, ג) שמים לרום וארץ לעומק ולב מלכים אין חקר:,ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב יפה תענית לחלום כאש לנעורת אמר רב חסדא ובו ביום ואמר רב יוסף אפי' בשבת,רבי יהושע בריה דרב אידי איקלע לבי רב אשי עבדי ליה עיגלא תילתא אמרו ליה לטעום מר מידי אמר להו בתענית יתיבנא אמרו ליה ולא סבר ליה מר להא דרב יהודה דאמר רב יהודה לוה אדם תעניתו ופורע א"ל תענית חלום הוא ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב יפה תענית לחלום כאש לנעורת ואמר רב חסדא ובו ביום ואמר רב יוסף אפי' בשבת:,ואם התחילו אין מפסיקין מפסיקין לק"ש: הא תנא ליה רישא אין מפסיקין סיפא אתאן לדברי תורה דתניא חברים שהיו עוסקין בתורה מפסיקין לק"ש ואין מפסיקין לתפלה א"ר יוחנן לא שנו אלא כגון ר"ש בן יוחי וחביריו שתורתן אומנותן אבל כגון אנו מפסיקין לק"ש ולתפלה,והתניא כשם שאין מפסיקין לתפלה כך אין מפסיקין לק"ש כי תני ההיא בעיבור שנה דאמר רב אדא בר אהבה וכן תנו סבי דהגרוניא אמר רבי אלעזר בר צדוק כשהיינו עוסקין בעיבור השנה ביבנה לא היינו מפסיקין לא לקריאת שמע ולא לתפלה:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big לא יצא החייט במחטו סמוך לחשכה שמא ישכח ויצא ולא הלבלר בקולמוסו ולא יפלה את כליו ולא יקרא לאור הנר באמת אמרו החזן רואה היכן תינוקות קוראין אבל הוא לא יקרא כיוצא בו לא יאכל הזב עם הזבה מפני הרגל עבירה:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big תנן התם לא יעמוד אדם ברה"י וישתה ברה"ר בר"ה וישתה ברה"י אבל אם הכניס ראשו ורובו למקום שהוא שותה מותר | 11a. during which they committed their sins was altogether btwenty-sixyears, as it is written: b“Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer and thirteen years they rebelled, and in the fourteenth yearChedorlaomer came” (Genesis 14:4–5). The twelve years plus the fourteen years during which they were enslaved were not years of tranquility, leaving only twenty-six tranquil years when they were sinful., bAnd Rava bar Meḥasseya saidthat bRav Ḥama bar Gurya saidthat bRav said /b: bAny city whose roofs are higher than the synagoguewill bultimately be destroyedbecause of the contempt shown the synagogue. Allusion to this is from that bwhich is stated: “To uplift the house of our God and restore its ruins”(Ezra 9:9). The house that is devoted to God needs to be elevated above the other houses of the city. The Gemara adds: bAnd this applies only to the height of the housesthemselves. bHowever,if bthe poles [ ikashkushei /i] and the towers [ iabrurei /i]that extend from the house are higher than the synagogue, bwe have noproblem bwith it. Rav Ashi said: I causedthe city of bMata Meḥasseya to not be destroyedby building the synagogue higher than the other houses. The Gemara asks: bWasn’tMata Meḥasseya ultimately bdestroyed?The Gemara answers: bIt was not destroyed because of that sin;other sins caused its destruction., bAnd Rava bar Meḥasseya saidthat bRav Ḥama bar Gurya saidthat bRav said:It is preferable to be bunderthe yoke of bIshmael and not underthe yoke of ba stranger,the Romans; bunder a stranger and not under a iḤabar /i,a Persian Zoroastrian fire priest; bunder a iḤabarand not under a Torah scholar,as if one offends a Torah scholar who is greater than he, the scholar will be exacting with him and he will be punished at the hand of Heaven; bunder a Torah scholar and not under an orphan or a widow,as they are easily insulted and God promised to hear their cries and punish those who offend them., bAnd Rava bar Meḥasseya saidthat bRav Ḥama bar Gurya saidthat bRav said:It is preferable to suffer from banyextended billness and notfrom an bintestinal illness.Similarly, it is preferable to suffer bany pain,even if it is sharp and excruciating, band not heart pain; anyslight bache and not a headache; any evil and not an evil wife. /b, bAnd Rava bar Meḥasseya saidthat bRav Ḥama bar Gurya saidthat bRav said:Even bif all the seas would be ink, andthe reeds that grow near bswampswould be bquills, andthe bheavenswould be bparchmentupon which the words would be written, band all the peoplewould be bscribes;all of these bare insufficient to write theunquantifiable bspace ofgovernmental bauthority,i.e., all the considerations with which a government must concern itself and deal. bRav Mesharshiya said: What is the versethat alludes to this? b“The Heavens on High and the land to the depth and the heart of kings are unsearchable”(Proverbs 25:3)., bAnd Rava bar Meḥasseya saidthat bRav Ḥama bar Gurya saidthat bRav said: A fast is effective toneutralize babad bdream like fireburns bchaff. Rav Ḥisda said: Anda fast is effective specifically bon that daythat he dreamed. bAnd Rav Yosef said:One suffering from a bad dream that he dreamed is permitted to fast beven on Shabbat. /b,The Gemara relates: bRav Yehoshua, son of Rav Idi, happenedto come bto the house of Rav Ashi. They prepared a third-born calf,whose meat is high quality, bfor him. They said to him: Let the Master taste something. He said to them: I am sittingin the midst of ba fast. They said to him: And does the Master not holdin accordance with bthis ihalakhaof bRav Yehuda, as Rav Yehuda said: A person can borrow his fastand not fast on the day that he originally designated, band repay itby fasting on another day? You can postpone your fast to another day. bHe said to them: It is a fast for a dream. And Rava bar Meḥasseya saidthat bRav Ḥama bar Gurya saidthat bRav said: A fast is effective toneutralize babad bdream like fireburns bchaff. And Rav Ḥisda saidthat the fast is effective specifically bon that daythat he dreamed. bAnd Rav Yosef saidthat a person suffering due to a bad dream is permitted to fast beven on Shabbat. /b,We learned in the mishna that bif theyalready bbeganany one of the activities mentioned in the mishna bthey need not stopto recite the iAmidaprayer; however, bthey stop to recite iShema /i.The Gemara asks: bDidn’tthe bfirst clauseof the mishna already bteachthat they need not stop? Why does the mishna repeat it? The Gemara answers: In bthe latter clauseof the mishna, bwe came todiscuss bmatters of Torah.With regard to those engaged in Torah study, they need not stop for prayer, but they are required to stop to recite iShema /i. bAs it was taughtin a ibaraita /i: bTorah scholars, who were engaged in thestudy of bTorah, stoptheir Torah study bfor iShema /i, and they do not stop for prayer. Rabbi Yoḥa saida caveat to this statement: bThey only taughtthat they need not stop for prayer with regard bto the likes of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai and his colleagues, whose Torah is their vocationand they never interrupt their Torah study. bHowever,for bthe likes of us,who also engage in other activities, bwe stopboth bfor iShema /iand bfor prayer. /b,With regard to the essence of the statement the Gemara asks: bDidn’t we learnin a different ibaraita /i: bJust as they do not stop for prayer, they do not stop for iShema /i?The Gemara answers: bWhen that ibaraita bwas taught,it was taught with regard to those engaged bin the intercalation of the year.Since their activity is crucial and all the Festivals of the year are determined through that activity, the Sages allowed them to continue and not stop to recite iShema /i. bAs Rav Adda bar Ahava said, and the Elders ofthe city of bHagronya also taughtthat bRabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Tzadok, said: When we were engaged in the intercalation of the year in Yavne, we would stop neither for iShemanor for prayer. /b, strongMISHNA: /strong This mishna deals with various decrees, especially with regard to the ihalakhotof Shabbat, which were issued in order to distance a person from transgressions that he is liable to commit through habit and routine. The mishna said: bThe tailor may not go outwith bhis needle adjacent to nightfallon Shabbat eve, blest he forgetthat he is carrying the needle band go outwith it to the public domain even after Shabbat begins. bAnd,similarly, bthe scribe[ilavlar/b] may bnotgo out bwith his quill /b[ikulmos /i]for the same reason. bAndone bmay not shake his clotheson Shabbat to rid them of lice; bandone bmay not reada book bby candlelight,so that he will not come to adjust the wick of the lamp. However, bin truth they saidan established ihalakha /i: The battendant sees wherein the book the bchildrenunder his supervision are breadingin the Torah, even by candlelight on Shabbat. bHowever, hehimself bmay not read. Similarly,the Sages issued a similar decree with regard to other ihalakhot /i, as they said: bThe izavmay not eateven bwithhis wife bthe izava, /idespite the fact that they are both ritually impure, bbecause,by eating together, they will come to excessive intimacy and become baccustomed to sin. /b, strongGEMARA: /strong Among the ihalakhotconcerning decrees that were issued lest one come to commit a transgression, bwe learnedin a mishna bthere: A person may not stand in the private domain and drinkwater located bin the public domain,or vice versa, stand bin the public domain and drinkwater located in the bprivate domain,lest he transfer the vessel from which he is drinking the water to the place where he is standing and become liable to bring a sin-offering. bHowever, if he introduced his head and most of hisbody binto the placewhere the water bthat he is drinkingis located, there is no longer room for concern, and bit is permitted, /b |
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