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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



673
Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 30-34


nanHe who loves his son will whip him often,in order that he may rejoice at the way he turns out., He who disciplines his son will profit by him,and will boast of him among acquaintances., He who teaches his son will make his enemies envious,and will glory in him in the presence of friends., The father may die, and yet he is not dead,for he has left behind him one like himself;, while alive he saw and rejoiced,and when he died he was not grieved;, he has left behind him an avenger against his enemies,and one to repay the kindness of his friends., He who spoils his son will bind up his wounds,and his feelings will be troubled at every cry., A horse that is untamed turns out to be stubborn,and a son unrestrained turns out to be wilful., Pamper a child, and he will frighten you;play with him, and he will give you grief., Do not laugh with him, lest you have sorrow with him,and in the end you will gnash your teeth., Give him no authority in his youth,and do not ignore his errors., Bow down his neck in his youth,and beat his sides while he is young,lest he become stubborn and disobey you,and you have sorrow of soul from him., Discipline your son and take pains with him,that you may not be offended by his shamelessness., Better off is a poor man who is well and strong in constitution than a rich man who is severely afflicted in body., Health and soundness are better than all gold,and a robust body than countless riches., There is no wealth better than health of body,and there is no gladness above joy of heart., Death is better than a miserable life,and eternal rest than chronic sickness., Good things poured out upon a mouth that is closed are like offerings of food placed upon a grave., Of what use to an idol is an offering of fruit?For it can neither eat nor smell. So is he who is afflicted by the Lord;, he sees with his eyes and groans,like a eunuch who embraces a maiden and groans., Do not give yourself over to sorrow,and do not afflict yourself deliberately., Gladness of heart is the life of man,and the rejoicing of a man is length of days., Delight your soul and comfort your heart,and remove sorrow far from you,for sorrow has destroyed many, and there is no profit in it., Jealousy and anger shorten life,and anxiety brings on old age too soon., A man of cheerful and good heart will give heed to the food he eats.


nanWakefulness over wealth wastes away ones flesh,and anxiety about it removes sleep., Wakeful anxiety prevents slumber,and a severe illness carries off sleep., The rich man toils as his wealth accumulates,and when he rests he fills himself with his dainties., The poor man toils as his livelihood diminishes,and when he rests he becomes needy., He who loves gold will not be justified,and he who pursues money will be led astray by it., Many have come to ruin because of gold,and their destruction has met them face to face., It is a stumbling block to those who are devoted to it,and every fool will be taken captive by it., Blessed is the rich man who is found blameless,and who does not go after gold., Who is he? And we will call him blessed,for he has done wonderful things among his people., Who has been tested by it and been found perfect?Let it be for him a ground for boasting. Who has had the power to transgress and did not transgress,and to do evil and did not do it?, His prosperity will be established,and the assembly will relate his acts of charity., Are you seated at the table of a great man?Do not be greedy at it,and do not say, "There is certainly much upon it!", Remember that a greedy eye is a bad thing. What has been created more greedy than the eye?Therefore it sheds tears from every face., Do not reach out your hand for everything you see,and do not crowd your neighbor at the dish., Judge your neighbors feelings by your own,and in every matter be thoughtful., Eat like a human being what is set before you,and do not chew greedily, lest you be hated., Be the first to stop eating, for the sake of good manners,and do not be insatiable, lest you give offense., If you are seated among many persons,do not reach out your hand before they do., How ample a little is for a well-disciplined man!He does not breathe heavily upon his bed., Healthy sleep depends on moderate eating;he rises early, and feels fit. The distress of sleeplessness and of nausea and colic are with the glutton., If you are overstuffed with food,get up in the middle of the meal, and you will have relief., Listen to me, my son, and do not disregard me,and in the end you will appreciate my words. In all your work be industrious,and no sickness will overtake you., Men will praise the one who is liberal with food,and their testimony to his excellence is trustworthy., The city will complain of the one who is niggardly with food,and their testimony to his niggardliness is accurate., Do not aim to be valiant over wine,for wine has destroyed many., Fire and water prove the temper of steel,so wine tests hearts in the strife of the proud., Wine is like life to men,if you drink it in moderation. What is life to a man who is without wine?It has been created to make men glad., Wine drunk in season and temperately is rejoicing of heart and gladness of soul., Wine drunk to excess is bitterness of soul,with provocation and stumbling., Drunkenness increases the anger of a fool to his injury,reducing his strength and adding wounds., Do not reprove your neighbor at a banquet of wine,and do not despise him in his merrymaking;speak no word of reproach to him,and do not afflict him by making demands of him.


nanIf they make you master of the feast, do not exalt yourself;be among them as one of them;take good care of them and then be seated;, when you have fulfilled your duties, take your place,that you may be merry on their account and receive a wreath for your excellent leadership., Speak, you who are older, for it is fitting that you should,but with accurate knowledge, and do not interrupt the music., Where there is entertainment, do not pour out talk;do not display your cleverness out of season., A ruby seal in a setting of gold is a concert of music at a banquet of wine., A seal of emerald in a rich setting of gold is the melody of music with good wine., Speak, young man, if there is need of you,but no more than twice, and only if asked., Speak concisely, say much in few words;be as one who knows and yet holds his tongue., Among the great do not act as their equal;and when another is speaking, do not babble., Lightning speeds before the thunder,and approval precedes a modest man., Leave in good time and do not be the last;go home quickly and do not linger., Amuse yourself there, and do what you have in mind,but do not sin through proud speech., And for these things bless him who made you and satisfies you with his good gifts., He who fears the Lord will accept his discipline,and those who rise early to seek him will find favor., He who seeks the law will be filled with it,but the hypocrite will stumble at it., Those who fear the Lord will form true judgments,and like a light they will kindle righteous deeds., A sinful man will shun reproof,and will find a decision according to his liking., A man of judgment will not overlook an idea,and an insolent and proud man will not cower in fear., Do nothing without deliberation;and when you have acted, do not regret it., Do not go on a path full of hazards,and do not stumble over stony ground., Do not be overconfident on a smooth way,, and give good heed to your paths., Guard yourself in every act,for this is the keeping of the commandments., He who believes the law gives heed to the commandments,and he who trusts the Lord will not suffer loss.


nanNo evil will befall the man who fears the Lord,but in trial he will deliver him again and again., A wise man will not hate the law,but he who is hypocritical about it is like a boat in a storm., A man of understanding will trust in the law;for him the law is as dependable as an inquiry by means of Urim., Prepare what to say, and thus you will be heard;bind together your instruction, and make your answer., The heart of a fool is like a cart wheel,and his thoughts like a turning axle., A stallion is like a mocking friend;he neighs under every one who sits on him., Why is any day better than another,when all the daylight in the year is from the sun?, By the Lords decision they were distinguished,and he appointed the different seasons and feasts;, some of them he exalted and hallowed,and some of them he made ordinary days., All men are from the ground,and Adam was created of the dust., In the fulness of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them and appointed their different ways;, some of them he blessed and exalted,and some of them he made holy and brought near to himself;but some of them he cursed and brought low,and he turned them out of their place., As clay in the hand of the potter -- for all his ways are as he pleases -- so men are in the hand of him who made them,to give them as he decides., Good is the opposite of evil,and life the opposite of death;so the sinner is the opposite of the godly., Look upon all the works of the Most High;they likewise are in pairs, one the opposite of the other., I was the last on watch;I was like one who gleans after the grape-gatherers;by the blessing of the Lord I excelled,and like a grape-gatherer I filled my wine press., Consider that I have not labored for myself alone,but for all who seek instruction., Hear me, you who are great among the people,and you leaders of the congregation, hearken., To son or wife, to brother or friend,do not give power over yourself, as long as you live;and do not give your property to another,lest you change your mind and must ask for it., While you are still alive and have breath in you,do not let any one take your place., For it is better that your children should ask from you than that you should look to the hand of you sons., Excel in all that you do;bring no stain upon your honor., At the time when you end the days of your life,in the hour of death, distribute your inheritance., Fodder and a stick and burdens for an ass;bread and discipline and work for a servant., Set your slave to work, and you will find rest;leave his hands idle, and he will seek liberty., Yoke and thong will bow the neck,and for a wicked servant there are racks and tortures., Put him to work, that he may not be idle,for idleness teaches much evil., Set him to work, as is fitting for him,and if he does not obey, make his fetters heavy., Do not act immoderately toward anybody,and do nothing without discretion., If you have a servant, let him be as yourself,because you have bought him with blood., If you have a servant, treat him as a brother,for as your own soul you will need him.


nanA man of no understanding has vain and false hopes,and dreams give wings to fools., As one who catches at a shadow and pursues the wind,so is he who gives heed to dreams., The vision of dreams is this against that,the likeness of a face confronting a face., From an unclean thing what will be made clean?And from something false what will be true?, Divinations and omens and dreams are folly,and like a woman in travail the mind has fancies., Unless they are sent from the Most High as a visitation,do not give your mind to them., For dreams have deceived many,and those who put their hope in them have failed., Without such deceptions the law will be fulfilled,and wisdom is made perfect in truthful lips., An educated man knows many things,and one with much experience will speak with understanding., He that is inexperienced knows few things,but he that has traveled acquires much cleverness., I have seen many things in my travels,and I understand more than I can express., I have often been in danger of death,but have escaped because of these experiences., The spirit of those who fear the Lord will live,for their hope is in him who saves them., He who fears the Lord will not be timid,nor play the coward, for he is his hope., Blessed is the soul of the man who fears the Lord!To whom does he look? And who is his support?, The eyes of the Lord are upon those who love him,a mighty protection and strong support,a shelter from the hot wind and a shade from noonday sun,a guard against stumbling and a defense against falling., He lifts up the soul and gives light to the eyes;he grants healing, life, and blessing., If one sacrifices from what has been wrongfully obtained, the offering is blemished; the gifts of the lawless are not acceptable., The Most High is not pleased with the offerings of the ungodly;and he is not propitiated for sins by a multitude of sacrifices., Like one who kills a son before his fathers eyes is the man who offers a sacrifice from the property of the poor., The bread of the needy is the life of the poor;whoever deprives them of it is a man of blood., To take away a neighbors living is to murder him;to deprive an employee of his wages is to shed blood., When one builds and another tears down,what do they gain but toil?, When one prays and another curses,to whose voice will the Lord listen?, If a man washes after touching a dead body,and touches it again,what has he gained by his washing?, So if a man fasts for his sins,and goes again and does the same things,who will listen to his prayer?And what has he gained by humbling himself?


Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

11 results
1. Septuagint, 1 Esdras, 3-5, 8-9, 1 (10th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

2. Septuagint, 2 Esdras, 11-16, 1 (10th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

3. Septuagint, Tobit, 10-14, 2-9, 1 (10th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

4. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 49.5 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

49.5. שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי אַחִים כְּלֵי חָמָס מְכֵרֹתֵיהֶם׃ 49.5. Simeon and Levi are brethren; Weapons of violence their kinship."
5. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 31.10-31.31 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

31.11. בָּטַח בָּהּ לֵב בַּעְלָהּ וְשָׁלָל לֹא יֶחְסָר׃ 31.12. גְּמָלַתְהוּ טוֹב וְלֹא־רָע כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיה׃ 31.13. דָּרְשָׁה צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים וַתַּעַשׂ בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ׃ 31.14. הָיְתָה כָּאֳנִיּוֹת סוֹחֵר מִמֶּרְחָק תָּבִיא לַחְמָהּ׃ 31.15. וַתָּקָם בְּעוֹד לַיְלָה וַתִּתֵּן טֶרֶף לְבֵיתָהּ וְחֹק לְנַעֲרֹתֶיהָ׃ 31.16. זָמְמָה שָׂדֶה וַתִּקָּחֵהוּ מִפְּרִי כַפֶּיהָ נטע [נָטְעָה] כָּרֶם׃ 31.17. חָגְרָה בְעוֹז מָתְנֶיהָ וַתְּאַמֵּץ זְרֹעוֹתֶיהָ׃ 31.18. טָעֲמָה כִּי־טוֹב סַחְרָהּ לֹא־יִכְבֶּה בליל [בַלַּיְלָה] נֵרָהּ׃ 31.19. יָדֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָה בַכִּישׁוֹר וְכַפֶּיהָ תָּמְכוּ פָלֶךְ׃ 31.21. לֹא־תִירָא לְבֵיתָהּ מִשָּׁלֶג כִּי כָל־בֵּיתָהּ לָבֻשׁ שָׁנִים׃ 31.22. מַרְבַדִּים עָשְׂתָה־לָּהּ שֵׁשׁ וְאַרְגָּמָן לְבוּשָׁהּ׃ 31.23. נוֹדָע בַּשְּׁעָרִים בַּעְלָהּ בְּשִׁבְתּוֹ עִם־זִקְנֵי־אָרֶץ׃ 31.24. סָדִין עָשְׂתָה וַתִּמְכֹּר וַחֲגוֹר נָתְנָה לַכְּנַעֲנִי׃ 31.25. עֹז־וְהָדָר לְבוּשָׁהּ וַתִּשְׂחַק לְיוֹם אַחֲרוֹן׃ 31.26. פִּיהָ פָּתְחָה בְחָכְמָה וְתוֹרַת־חֶסֶד עַל־לְשׁוֹנָהּ׃ 31.27. צוֹפִיָּה הֲלִיכוֹת בֵּיתָהּ וְלֶחֶם עַצְלוּת לֹא תֹאכֵל׃ 31.28. קָמוּ בָנֶיהָ וַיְאַשְּׁרוּהָ בַּעְלָהּ וַיְהַלְלָהּ׃ 31.29. רַבּוֹת בָּנוֹת עָשׂוּ חָיִל וְאַתְּ עָלִית עַל־כֻּלָּנָה׃ 31.31. תְּנוּ־לָהּ מִפְּרִי יָדֶיהָ וִיהַלְלוּהָ בַשְּׁעָרִים מַעֲשֶׂיהָ׃ 31.10. A woman of valour who can find? For her price is far above rubies." 31.11. The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, and he hath no lack of gain." 31.12. She doeth him good and not evil all the days of her life." 31.13. She seeketh wool and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands." 31.14. She is like the merchant-ships; she bringeth her food from afar." 31.15. She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth food to her household, and a portion to her maidens." 31.16. She considereth a field, and buyeth it; with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard." 31.17. She girdeth her loins with strength, And maketh strong her arms." 31.18. She perceiveth that her merchandise is good; Her lamp goeth not out by night." 31.19. She layeth her hands to the distaff, And her hands hold the spindle." 31.20. She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; Yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy." 31.21. She is not afraid of the snow for her household; For all her household are clothed with scarlet." 31.22. She maketh for herself coverlets; Her clothing is fine linen and purple." 31.23. Her husband is known in the gates, When he sitteth among the elders of the land." 31.24. She maketh linen garments and selleth them; And delivereth girdles unto the merchant." 31.25. Strength and dignity are her clothing; And she laugheth at the time to come." 31.26. She openeth her mouth with wisdom; And the law of kindness is on her tongue." 31.27. She looketh well to the ways of her household, And eateth not the bread of idleness." 31.28. Her children rise up, and call her blessed; Her husband also, and he praiseth her:" 31.29. ’Many daughters have done valiantly, But thou excellest them all.’" 31.30. Grace is deceitful, and beauty is vain; But a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised." 31.31. Give her of the fruit of her hands; And let her works praise her in the gates."
6. Septuagint, Tobit, 10-14, 2-9, 1 (4th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

7. Dead Sea Scrolls, Aramaic Levi Document, 4.7-4.8, 13.4-13.8, 13.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

8. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 10-19, 2, 20-29, 3, 31-39, 4, 40-49, 5, 50-51, 6-9, 1 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

9. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 10-19, 2, 24, 3, 34-36, 4, 44-49, 5, 50, 6-9, 1 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

10. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 12.3-12.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

12.3. And while these princes ambitiously strove one against another, every one for his own principality, it came to pass that there were continual wars, and those lasting wars too; and the cities were sufferers, and lost a great many of their inhabitants in these times of distress, insomuch that all Syria, by the means of Ptolemy the son of Lagus, underwent the reverse of that denomination of Savior, which he then had. 12.3. Out of regard therefore to justice, and out of pity to those that have been tyrannized over, contrary to equity, I enjoin those that have such Jews in their service to set them at liberty, upon the receipt of the before-mentioned sum; and that no one use any deceit about them, but obey what is here commanded. 12.3. And when Judas saw their camp, and how numerous their enemies were, he persuaded his own soldiers to be of good courage, and exhorted them to place their hopes of victory in God, and to make supplication to him, according to the custom of their country, clothed in sackcloth; and to show what was their usual habit of supplication in the greatest dangers, and thereby to prevail with God to grant you the victory over your enemies. 12.4. He also seized upon Jerusalem, and for that end made use of deceit and treachery; for as he came into the city on a Sabbath day, as if he would offer sacrifices he, without any trouble, gained the city, while the Jews did not oppose him, for they did not suspect him to be their enemy; and he gained it thus, because they were free from suspicion of him, and because on that day they were at rest and quietness; and when he had gained it, he ruled over it in a cruel manner. 12.4. 5. When this epistle was sent to the king, he commanded that an epistle should be drawn up for Eleazar, the Jewish high priest, concerning these matters; and that they should inform him of the release of the Jews that had been in slavery among them. He also sent fifty talents of gold for the making of large basons, and vials, and cups, and an immense quantity of precious stones. 12.4. But when Judas saw that Alcimus was already become great, and had destroyed many of the good and holy men of the country, he also went all over the country, and destroyed those that were of the other party. But when Alcimus saw that he was not able to oppose Judas, nor was equal to him in strength, he resolved to apply himself to king Demetrius for his assistance; 12.5. Nay, Agatharchides of Cnidus, who wrote the acts of Alexander’s successors, reproaches us with superstition, as if we, by it, had lost our liberty; where he says thus: 12.5. And I have sent to thee Andreas, the captain of my guard, and Aristeus, men whom I have in very great esteem; by whom I have sent those first-fruits which I have dedicated to the temple, and to the sacrifices, and to other uses, to the value of a hundred talents. And if thou wilt send to us, to let us know what thou wouldst have further, thou wilt do a thing acceptable to me.” 12.6. “There is a nation called the nation of the Jews, who inhabit a city strong and great, named Jerusalem. These men took no care, but let it come into the hands of Ptolemy, as not willing to take arms, and thereby they submitted to be under a hard master, by reason of their unseasonable superstition.” 12.6. 8. And first I will describe what belongs to the table. It was indeed in the king’s mind to make this table vastly large in its dimensions; but then he gave orders that they should learn what was the magnitude of the table which was already at Jerusalem, and how large it was, and whether there was a possibility of making one larger than it. 12.7. This is what Agatharchides relates of our nation. But when Ptolemy had taken a great many captives, both from the mountainous parts of Judea, and from the places about Jerusalem and Samaria, and the places near Mount Gerizzim, he led them all into Egypt, and settled them there. 12.7. for there was made a plate of gold four fingers broad, through the entire breadth of the table, into which they inserted the feet, and then fastened them to the table by buttons and button-holes, at the place where the crown was situate, that so on what side soever of the table one should stand, it might exhibit the very same view of the exquisite workmanship, and of the vast expenses bestowed upon it: 12.8. And as he knew that the people of Jerusalem were most faithful in the observation of oaths and covets; and this from the answer they made to Alexander, when he sent an embassage to them, after he had beaten Darius in battle; so he distributed many of them into garrisons, and at Alexandria gave them equal privileges of citizens with the Macedonians themselves; and required of them to take their oaths, that they would keep their fidelity to the posterity of those who committed these places to their care. 12.8. while small shields, made of stones, beautiful in their kind, and of four fingers’ depth, filled up the middle parts. About the top of the basin were wreathed the leaves of lilies, and of the convolvulus, and the tendrils of vines in a circular manner. 12.9. Nay, there were not a few other Jews who, of their own accord, went into Egypt, as invited by the goodness of the soil, and by the liberality of Ptolemy. 12.9. and when they had taken off the covers wherein they were wrapt up, they showed him the membranes. So the king stood admiring the thinness of those membranes, and the exactness of the junctures, which could not be perceived; (so exactly were they connected one with another;) and this he did for a considerable time. He then said that he returned them thanks for coming to him, and still greater thanks to him that sent them; and, above all, to that God whose laws they appeared to be.
11. Mishnah, Yadayim, 3.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

3.5. A scroll on which the writing has become erased and eighty-five letters remain, as many as are in the section beginning, \"And it came to pass when the ark set forward\" (Numbers 11:35-36) defiles the hands. A single sheet on which there are written eighty-five letters, as many as are in the section beginning, \"And it came to pass when the ark set forward\", defiles the hands. All the Holy Scriptures defile the hands. The Song of Songs and Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) defile the hands. Rabbi Judah says: the Song of Songs defiles the hands, but there is a dispute about Kohelet. Rabbi Yose says: Kohelet does not defile the hands, but there is a dispute about the Song of Songs. Rabbi Shimon says: [the ruling about] Kohelet is one of the leniencies of Bet Shammai and one of the stringencies of Bet Hillel. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I have received a tradition from the seventy-two elders on the day when they appointed Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah head of the academy that the Song of Songs and Kohelet defile the hands. Rabbi Akiba said: Far be it! No man in Israel disputed that the Song of Songs [saying] that it does not defile the hands. For the whole world is not as worthy as the day on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel; for all the writings are holy but the Song of Songs is the holy of holies. If they had a dispute, they had a dispute only about Kohelet. Rabbi Yoha ben Joshua the son of the father-in-law of Rabbi Akiva said in accordance with the words of Ben Azzai: so they disputed and so they reached a decision."


Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
aaron Eckhardt, Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals (2011) 33
alexandria, jewish writings of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117, 145
alexandria Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117, 145
amram, father of moses, visions of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
amram, father of moses Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
aquila (translator) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
aramaic levi document Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
ben sira Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96, 117
bible, texts and exegesis relating to egypt Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
cairo genizah Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
canaanites, canticles, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
christians (byzantines, copts, nubians, syrian orthodox) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
covenant Eckhardt, Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals (2011) 33
dammūh, theodotion Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
david Eckhardt, Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals (2011) 33
dead sea scrolls Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
ecbatana, ecclesiastes, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
egyptians, depictions in hebrew bible, lxx, and ancient jewish writings Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
essenes, esther, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
exodus, exodus, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
ezekiel b. nethanel, ezra, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
gentiles, non-jews (christians, muslims) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
israel, biblical, and egypt Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
israel, biblical, in egypt Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
joazar, lxx Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
joseph (son of jacob the patriarch) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
judaism (karaites, rabbanites) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
levi (son of jacob the patriarch), aramaic traditions on Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
miriam, sister of moses Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
moses, hebrew name Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
moses Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
nehemiah, nehemiah, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
oniads Eckhardt, Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals (2011) 33
palestine (eretz israel, holy land) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117
philo of alexandria Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117, 145
phinehas Eckhardt, Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals (2011) 33
priesthood Eckhardt, Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals (2011) 33
provence, proverbs, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117, 145
ptolemy i soter (ptolemy son of lagos) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
qumran Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
samaritan, samaritans Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
scribal practice Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
scribes Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
septuagint (lxx) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117, 145
shechem Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
slavery, of hebrews in egypt Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
solomon Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 145
tobiads, tobit, book of Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 96
torah (pentateuch) Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117, 145
translation of biblical books' Eckhardt, Jewish Identity and Politics Between the Maccabees and Bar Kokhba: Groups, Normativity, and Rituals (2011) 33
wisdom of solomon Salvesen et al., Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (2020) 117, 145