1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 18.20, 22.9 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 22.9. לֹא־תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָיִם פֶּן־תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרָע וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם׃ | 18.20. But the prophet, that shall speak a word presumptuously in My name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or that shall speak in the name of other gods, that same prophet shall die.’" 22.9. Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with two kinds of seed; lest the fulness of the seed which thou hast sown be forfeited together with the increase of the vineyard." |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Job, 19.14 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 19.14. חָדְלוּ קְרוֹבָי וּמְיֻדָּעַי שְׁכֵחוּנִי׃ | 19.14. My kinsfolk have failed, And my familiar friends have forgotten me." |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 19.19 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 19.19. אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי תִּשְׁמֹרוּ בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא־תַרְבִּיעַ כִּלְאַיִם שָׂדְךָ לֹא־תִזְרַע כִּלְאָיִם וּבֶגֶד כִּלְאַיִם שַׁעַטְנֵז לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ׃ | 19.19. Ye shall keep My statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind; thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed; neither shall there come upon thee a garment of two kinds of stuff mingled together." |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 5.22, 9.6, 11.13, 13.20, 16.6, 25.9-25.10, 26.11, 28.24 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 5.22. עַווֹנוֹתָיו יִלְכְּדֻנוֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁע וּבְחַבְלֵי חַטָּאתוֹ יִתָּמֵךְ׃ 9.6. עִזְבוּ פְתָאיִם וִחְיוּ וְאִשְׁרוּ בְּדֶרֶךְ בִּינָה׃ 11.13. הוֹלֵךְ רָכִיל מְגַלֶּה־סּוֹד וְנֶאֱמַן־רוּחַ מְכַסֶּה דָבָר׃ 16.6. בְּחֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת יְכֻפַּר עָוֺן וּבְיִרְאַת יְהוָה סוּר מֵרָע׃ 25.9. רִיבְךָ רִיב אֶת־רֵעֶךָ וְסוֹד אַחֵר אַל־תְּגָל׃ 26.11. כְּכֶלֶב שָׁב עַל־קֵאוֹ כְּסִיל שׁוֹנֶה בְאִוַּלְתּוֹ׃ 28.24. גּוֹזֵל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ וְאֹמֵר אֵין־פָּשַׁע חָבֵר הוּא לְאִישׁ מַשְׁחִית׃ | 5.22. His own iniquities shall ensnare the wicked, And he shall be holden with the cords of his sin." 9.6. Forsake all thoughtlessness, and live; and walk in the way of understanding." 11.13. He that goeth about as a talebearer revealeth secrets; But he that is of a faithful spirit concealeth a matter." 13.20. He that walketh with wise men shall be wise; But the companion of fools shall smart for it." 16.6. By mercy and truth iniquity is expiated; And by the fear of the LORD men depart from evil." 25.9. Debate thy cause with thy neighbour, but reveal not the secret of another;" 25.10. Lest he that heareth it revile thee, and thine infamy turn not away." 26.11. As a dog that returneth to his vomit, So is a fool that repeateth his folly." 28.24. Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith: ‘It is no transgression’, The same is the companion of a destroyer." |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 9.18, 31.12, 37.7, 88.19, 119.63 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 9.18. יָשׁוּבוּ רְשָׁעִים לִשְׁאוֹלָה כָּל־גּוֹיִם שְׁכֵחֵי אֱלֹהִים׃ 31.12. מִכָּל־צֹרְרַי הָיִיתִי חֶרְפָּה וְלִשֲׁכֵנַי מְאֹד וּפַחַד לִמְיֻדָּעָי רֹאַי בַּחוּץ נָדְדוּ מִמֶּנִּי׃ 37.7. דּוֹם לַיהוָה וְהִתְחוֹלֵל לוֹ אַל־תִּתְחַר בְּמַצְלִיחַ דַּרְכּוֹ בְּאִישׁ עֹשֶׂה מְזִמּוֹת׃ 88.19. הִרְחַקְתָּ מִמֶּנִּי אֹהֵב וָרֵעַ מְיֻדָּעַי מַחְשָׁךְ׃ 119.63. חָבֵר אָנִי לְכָל־אֲשֶׁר יְרֵאוּךָ וּלְשֹׁמְרֵי פִּקּוּדֶיךָ׃ | 9.18. The wicked shall return to the nether-world, Even all the nations that forget God." 31.12. Because of all mine adversaries I am become a reproach, Yea, unto my neighbours exceedingly, and a dread to mine acquaintance; They that see me without flee from me." 37.7. Resign thyself unto the LORD, and wait patiently for Him; fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass." 88.19. Friend and companion hast Thou put far from me, And mine acquaintance into darkness." 119.63. I am a companion of all them that fear Thee, and of them that observe Thy precepts." |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 14.5 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 14.5. שָׁבַר יְהוָה מַטֵּה רְשָׁעִים שֵׁבֶט מֹשְׁלִים׃ | 14.5. The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, the sceptre of the rulers," |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Ecclesiastes, 9.4, 9.15 (5th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 9.4. כִּי־מִי אֲשֶׁר יבחר [יְחֻבַּר] אֶל כָּל־הַחַיִּים יֵשׁ בִּטָּחוֹן כִּי־לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת׃ 9.15. וּמָצָא בָהּ אִישׁ מִסְכֵּן חָכָם וּמִלַּט־הוּא אֶת־הָעִיר בְּחָכְמָתוֹ וְאָדָם לֹא זָכַר אֶת־הָאִישׁ הַמִּסְכֵּן הַהּוּא׃ | 9.4. For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope; for a living dog is better than a dead lion." 9.15. now there was found in it a man poor and wise, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man." |
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8. Hebrew Bible, Nehemiah, 9.8 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 9.8. וּמָצָאתָ אֶת־לְבָבוֹ נֶאֱמָן לְפָנֶיךָ וְכָרוֹת עִמּוֹ הַבְּרִית לָתֵת אֶת־אֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי הַחִתִּי הָאֱמֹרִי וְהַפְּרִזִּי וְהַיְבוּסִי וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁי לָתֵת לְזַרְעוֹ וַתָּקֶם אֶת־דְּבָרֶיךָ כִּי צַדִּיק אָתָּה׃ | 9.8. and foundest his heart faithful before Thee, and madest a covet with him to give the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite, and the Girgashite, even to give it unto his seed, and hast performed Thy words; for Thou art righteous;" |
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9. Anon., 1 Enoch, 8.4, 9.2, 9.10, 22.5, 96.4, 97.3-97.5, 103.11, 103.14-103.15, 104.5 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 9.2. hed upon the earth, and all lawlessness being wrought upon the earth. And they said one to another: 'The earth made without inhabitant cries the voice of their cryingst up to the gates of heaven. 22.5. and his voice went forth to heaven and made suit. And I asked Raphael the angel who was 96.4. Woe unto you, ye sinners, for your riches make you appear like the righteous, But your hearts convict you of being sinners, And this fact shall be a testimony against you for a memorial of (your) evil deeds. 97.3. What will ye do, ye sinners, And whither will ye flee on that day of judgement, When ye hear the voice of the prayer of the righteou 97.4. Yea, ye shall fare like unto them, Against whom this word shall be a testimony: ' Ye have been companions of sinners. 97.5. And in those days the prayer of the righteous shall reach unto the Lord, And for you the days of your judgement shall come. 103.11. We hoped to be the head and have become the tail: We have toiled laboriously and had no satisfaction in our toil; And we have become the food of the sinners and the unrighteous, And they have laid their yoke heavily upon us. 103.14. And are complained to the rulers in our tribulation, And cried out against those who devoured us, But they did not attend to our cries And would not hearken to our voice. 103.15. And they helped those who robbed us and devoured us and those who made us few; and they concealed their oppression, and they did not remove from us the yoke of those that devoured us and dispersed us and murdered us, and they concealed their murder, and remembered not that they had lifted up their hands against us. |
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10. Anon., Jubilees, 22.16, 23.23-23.24 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 22.16. May nations serve thee, And all the nations bow themselves before thy seed. 23.23. And all these will come on an evil generation, which transgresseth on the earth: their works are uncleanness and fornication, and pollution and abominations. 23.24. Then they will say: "The days of the forefathers were many (even), unto a thousand years, and were good; but, behold, the days of our life, if a man hath lived many, are three score years and ten, and, if he is strong, four score years, and those evil |
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11. Cicero, On Friendship, 65, 64 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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12. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 2.48 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 2.48. They rescued the law out of the hands of the Gentiles and kings, and they never let the sinner gain the upper hand. |
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13. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 1.25, 3.15, 3.30, 4.17-4.18, 4.21, 4.26, 4.29, 5.3-5.6, 6.7, 6.9, 6.18-6.37, 7.17, 8.1-8.2, 8.5, 8.9, 8.13, 8.18-8.19, 9.10-9.16, 10.12-10.19, 10.23, 10.30, 11.12, 11.14, 11.17-11.19, 11.21-11.22, 12.1, 12.3-12.5, 12.10-12.12, 12.16, 13.1-13.4, 13.6-13.7, 13.9-13.13, 13.15-13.24, 15.7, 16.1-16.4, 16.8-16.9, 22.22-22.23, 25.24, 27.9, 37.11-37.12, 38.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 1.25. In the treasuries of wisdom are wise sayings,but godliness is an abomination to a sinner. 3.15. in the day of your affliction it will be remembered in your favor;as frost in fair weather, your sins will melt away. 4.17. For at first she will walk with him on tortuous paths,she will bring fear and cowardice upon him,and will torment him by her discipline until she trusts him,and she will test him with her ordices. 4.18. Then she will come straight back to him and gladden him,and will reveal her secrets to him. 4.21. For there is a shame which brings sin,and there is a shame which is glory and favor. 4.26. Do not be ashamed to confess your sins,and do not try to stop the current of a river. 4.29. Do not be reckless in your speech,or sluggish and remiss in your deeds. 5.3. Do not say, "Who will have power over me?" for the Lord will surely punish you. 5.3. You will devour your leaves and destroy your fruit,and will be left like a withered tree. 5.3. Her yoke is a golden ornament,and her bonds are a cord of blue. 5.4. Do not say, "I sinned, and what happened to me?" for the Lord is slow to anger. 5.4. An evil soul will destroy him who has it,and make him the laughingstock of his enemies. 5.5. Do not be so confident of atonement that you add sin to sin. 5.5. A pleasant voice multiplies friends,and a gracious tongue multiplies courtesies. 5.6. Do not say, "His mercy is great,he will forgive the multitude of my sins," for both mercy and wrath are with him,and his anger rests on sinners. 5.6. Let those that are at peace with you be many,but let your advisers be one in a thousand. 7.17. Humble yourself greatly,for the punishment of the ungodly is fire and worms. 8.1. Do not contend with a powerful man,lest you fall into his hands. 8.1. Do not kindle the coals of a sinner,lest you be burned in his flaming fire. 8.2. Do not quarrel with a rich man,lest his resources outweigh yours;for gold has ruined many,and has perverted the minds of kings. 8.5. Do not reproach a man who is turning away from sin;remember that we all deserve punishment. 8.9. Do not disregard the discourse of the aged,for they themselves learned from their fathers;because from them you will gain understanding and learn how to give an answer in time of need. 8.13. Do not give surety beyond your means,but if you give surety, be concerned as one who must pay. 8.18. In the presence of a stranger do nothing that is to be kept secret,for you do not know what he will divulge. 8.19. Do not reveal your thoughts to every one,lest you drive away your good luck. 9.11. Do not envy the honors of a sinner,for you do not know what his end will be. 9.12. Do not delight in what pleases the ungodly;remember that they will not be held guiltless as long as they live. 9.13. Keep far from a man who has the power to kill,and you will not be worried by the fear of death. But if you approach him, make no misstep,lest he rob you of your life. Know that you are walking in the midst of snares,and that you are going about on the city battlements. 9.14. As much as you can, aim to know your neighbors,and consult with the wise. 9.15. Let your conversation be with men of understanding,and let all your discussion be about the law of the Most High. 9.16. Let righteous men be your dinner companions,and let your glorying be in the fear of the Lord. 10.12. The beginning of mans pride is to depart from the Lord;his heart has forsaken his Maker. 10.12. There is another who is slow and needs help,who lacks strength and abounds in poverty;but the eyes of the Lord look upon him for his good;he lifts him out of his low estate 10.13. For the beginning of pride is sin,and the man who clings to it pours out abominations. Therefore the Lord brought upon them extraordinary afflictions,and destroyed them utterly. 10.13. and raises up his head,so that many are amazed at him. 10.14. The Lord has cast down the thrones of rulers,and has seated the lowly in their place. 10.14. Good things and bad, life and death,poverty and wealth, come from the Lord. 10.15. The Lord has plucked up the roots of the nations,and has planted the humble in their place. 10.16. The Lord has overthrown the lands of the nations,and has destroyed them to the foundations of the earth. 10.17. He has removed some of them and destroyed them,and has extinguished the memory of them from the earth. 10.17. The gift of the Lord endures for those who are godly,and what he approves will have lasting success. 10.18. Pride was not created for men,nor fierce anger for those born of women. 10.18. There is a man who is rich through his diligence and self-denial,and this is the reward allotted to him: 10.19. What race is worthy of honor? The human race. What race is worthy of honor? Those who fear the Lord. What race is unworthy of honor? The human race. What race is unworthy of honor? Those who transgress the commandments. 10.19. when he says, "I have found rest,and now I shall enjoy my goods!" he does not know how much time will pass until he leaves them to others and dies. 10.23. It is not right to despise an intelligent poor man,nor is it proper to honor a sinful man. 10.23. Do not say, "What do I need,and what prosperity could be mine in the future? 12.1. If you do a kindness, know to whom you do it,and you will be thanked for your good deeds. 12.1. Never trust your enemy,for like the rusting of copper, so is his wickedness. 12.3. No good will come to the man who persists in evil or to him who does not give alms. 12.4. Give to the godly man, but do not help the sinner. 12.5. Do good to the humble, but do not give to the ungodly;hold back his bread, and do not give it to him,lest by means of it he subdue you;for you will receive twice as much evil for all the good which you do to him. 12.11. Even if he humbles himself and goes about cringing,watch yourself, and be on your guard against him;and you will be to him like one who has polished a mirror,and you will know that it was not hopelessly tarnished. 12.12. Do not put him next to you,lest he overthrow you and take your place;do not have him sit at your right,lest he try to take your seat of honor,and at last you will realize the truth of my words,and be stung by what I have said. 12.16. An enemy will speak sweetly with his lips,but in his mind he will plan to throw you into a pit;an enemy will weep with his eyes,but if he finds an opportunity his thirst for blood will be insatiable. 13.1. Whoever touches pitch will be defiled,and whoever associates with a proud man will become like him. 13.1. Do not push forward, lest you be repulsed;and do not remain at a distance, lest you be forgotten. 13.2. Do not lift a weight beyond your strength,nor associate with a man mightier and richer than you. How can the clay pot associate with the iron kettle?The pot will strike against it, and will itself be broken. 13.2. Humility is an abomination to a proud man;likewise a poor man is an abomination to a rich one. 13.3. A rich man does wrong, and he even adds reproaches;a poor man suffers wrong, and he must add apologies. 13.4. A rich man will exploit you if you can be of use to him,but if you are in need he will forsake you. 13.6. When he needs you he will deceive you,he will smile at you and give you hope. He will speak to you kindly and say, "What do you need? 13.7. He will shame you with his foods,until he has drained you two or three times;and finally he will deride you. Should he see you afterwards, he will forsake you,and shake his head at you. 13.9. When a powerful man invites you, be reserved;and he will invite you the more often. 13.11. Do not try to treat him as an equal,nor trust his abundance of words;for he will test you through much talk,and while he smiles he will be examining you. 13.12. Cruel is he who does not keep words to himself;he will not hesitate to injure or to imprison. 13.13. Keep words to yourself and be very watchful,for you are walking about with your own downfall. 13.15. Every creature loves its like,and every person his neighbor; 13.16. all living beings associate by species,and a man clings to one like himself. 13.17. What fellowship has a wolf with a lamb?No more has a sinner with a godly man. 13.18. What peace is there between a hyena and a dog?And what peace between a rich man and a poor man? 13.19. Wild asses in the wilderness are the prey of lions;likewise the poor are pastures for the rich. 13.21. When a rich man totters, he is steadied by friends,but when a humble man falls, he is even pushed away by friends. 13.22. If a rich man slips, his helpers are many;he speaks unseemly words, and they justify him. If a humble man slips, they even reproach him;he speaks sensibly, and receives no attention. 13.23. When the rich man speaks all are silent,and they extol to the clouds what he says. When the poor man speaks they say, "Who is this fellow?" And should he stumble, they even push him down. 13.24. Riches are good if they are free from sin,and poverty is evil in the opinion of the ungodly. 15.7. Foolish men will not obtain her,and sinful men will not see her. 16.1. Do not desire a multitude of useless children,nor rejoice in ungodly sons. 16.1. nor for the six hundred thousand men on foot,who rebelliously assembled in their stubbornness. 16.2. If they multiply, do not rejoice in them,unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 16.2. And no mind will reflect on this. Who will ponder his ways? 16.3. Do not trust in their survival,and do not rely on their multitude;for one is better than a thousand,and to die childless is better than to have ungodly children. 16.3. with all kinds of living beings he covered its surface,and to it they return. 16.4. For through one man of understanding a city will be filled with people,but through a tribe of lawless men it will be made desolate. 16.8. He did not spare the neighbors of Lot,whom he loathed on account of their insolence. 16.9. He showed no pity for a nation devoted to destruction,for those destroyed in their sins; 22.22. If you have opened your mouth against your friend,do not worry, for reconciliation is possible;but as for reviling, arrogance, disclosure of secrets, or a treacherous blow -- in these cases any friend will flee. 22.22. So it is with a woman who leaves her husband and provides an heir by a stranger. 22.23. Gain the trust of your neighbor in his poverty,that you may rejoice with him in his prosperity;stand by him in time of affliction,that you may share with him in his inheritance. 22.23. For first of all, she has disobeyed the law of the Most High;second, she has committed an offense against her husband;and third, she has committed adultery through harlotry and brought forth children by another man. 25.24. From a woman sin had its beginning,and because of her we all die. 27.9. Birds flock with their kind;so truth returns to those who practice it. 37.11. Do not consult with a woman about her rival or with a coward about war,with a merchant about barter or with a buyer about selling,with a grudging man about gratitude or with a merciless man about kindness,with an idler about any work or with a man hired for a year about completing his work,with a lazy servant about a big task -- pay no attention to these in any matter of counsel. 37.12. But stay constantly with a godly man whom you know to be a keeper of the commandments,whose soul is in accord with your soul,and who will sorrow with you if you fail. 38.2. for healing comes from the Most High,and he will receive a gift from the king. 38.2. Do not give your heart to sorrow;drive it away, remembering the end of life. |
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14. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 6.7, 6.9, 6.21, 12.11, 12.14, 22.22 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 6.7. For the Lord of all will not stand in awe of any one,nor show deference to greatness;because he himself made both small and great,and he takes thought for all alike. 6.9. To you then, O monarchs, my words are directed,that you may learn wisdom and not transgress. 6.21. Therefore if you delight in thrones and scepters,O monarchs over the peoples,honor wisdom, that you may reign for ever. 12.11. For they were an accursed race from the beginning,and it was not through fear of any one that thou didst leave them unpunished for their sins. 12.14. nor can any king or monarch confront thee about those whom thou hast punished. |
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15. Mishnah, Avot, 1.6, 1.10 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
| 1.6. Joshua ben Perahiah and Nittai the Arbelite received [the oral tradition] from them. Joshua ben Perahiah used to say: appoint for thyself a teacher, and acquire for thyself a companion and judge all men with the scale weighted in his favor." 1.10. Shemaiah and Abtalion received [the oral tradition] from them. Shemaiah used to say: love work, hate acting the superior, and do not attempt to draw near to the ruling authority." |
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16. New Testament, Apocalypse, 8.1-8.3, 9.20-9.21, 16.9, 16.11, 18.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 8.1. When he opened the seventh seal, there followed a silence in heaven for about half an hour. 8.2. I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them. 8.3. Another angel came and stood over the altar, having a golden censer. Much incense was given to him, that he should add it to the prayers of all the saints on the golden altar which was before the throne. 9.20. The rest of mankind, who were not killed with these plagues, didn't repent of the works of their hands, that they wouldn't worship demons, and the idols of gold, and of silver, and of brass, and of stone, and of wood; which can neither see, nor hear, nor walk. 9.21. They didn't repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their sexual immorality, nor of their thefts. 16.9. People were scorched with great heat, and people blasphemed the name of God who has the power over these plagues. They didn't repent and give him glory. 16.11. and they blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores. They didn't repent of their works. 18.4. I heard another voice from heaven, saying, "Come forth, my people, out of her, that you have no participation in her sins, and that you don't receive of her plagues |
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17. New Testament, Galatians, 2.15 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.15. We, being Jews by nature, and not Gentile sinners |
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18. New Testament, Luke, 6.33 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 6.33. If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. |
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19. New Testament, Matthew, 5.47 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 5.47. If you only greet your friends, what more do you do than others? Don't even the tax collectors do the same? |
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